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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 10451 ***
+
+BOSWELL'S
+LIFE OF JOHNSON
+
+INCLUDING BOSWELL'S JOURNAL OF A TOUR TO THE HEBRIDES
+AND JOHNSON'S DIARY OF A JOURNEY INTO NORTH WALES
+
+
+EDITED BY
+
+GEORGE BIRKBECK HILL, D.C.L.
+
+PEMBROKE COLLEGE, OXFORD
+
+
+IN SIX VOLUMES
+
+VOLUME V.
+TOUR TO THE HEBRIDES (1773)
+
+AND
+
+JOURNEY INTO NORTH WALES (1774)
+
+
+
+
+THE
+JOURNAL
+OF A TOUR TO THE
+_HEBRIDES_,
+
+WITH
+
+SAMUEL JOHNSON, LL.D.
+BY _JAMES BOSWELL_, ESQ.
+
+CONTAINING
+
+Some Poetical Pieces by Dr. JOHNSON, relative to the TOUR,
+and never before published;
+
+A Series of his Conversation, Literary Anecdotes, and Opinions
+of Men and Books:
+
+WITH AN AUTHENTICK ACCOUNT OF
+
+The Distresses and Escape of the GRANDSON of KING
+JAMES II. in the Year 1746.
+
+_THE THIRD EDITION, REVISED AND CORRECTED._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+       O! while along the stream of time, thy name
+     Expanded flies, and gathers all its fame,
+     Say, shall my little bark attendant fail,
+     Pursue the triumph and partake the gale?    POPE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_LONDON:_
+PRINTED BY HENRY BALDWIN,
+FOR CHARLES DILLY, IN THE POULTRY.
+MDCCLXXXVI.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS OF VOL. V.
+
+JOURNAL OF A TOUR TO THE HEBRIDES WITH SAMUEL JOHNSON, LL.D.:
+DEDICATION TO EDMOND MALONE, ESQ.
+ADVERTISEMENT TO THE THIRD EDITION
+CONTENTS
+JOURNAL
+APPENDICES:
+ I. LETTER FROM DR. BLACKLOCK
+II. VERSES BY SIR ALEXANDER MACDONALD
+    ADVERTISEMENT OF THE LIFE
+A.  EXTRACTS FROM WARBURTON
+B.  LORD HOUGHTON'S TRANSLATION OF JOHNSON'S ODE WRITTEN IN SKY
+C.  JOHNSON'S USE OF THE WORD _BIG_
+
+A JOURNEY INTO NORTH WALES IN THE YEAR 1774
+
+
+
+
+DEDICATION.
+
+
+_TO EDMOND MALONE, ESQ._
+
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+In every narrative, whether historical or biographical, authenticity is
+of the utmost consequence[1]. Of this I have ever been so firmly
+persuaded, that I inscribed a former work[2] to that person who was the
+best judge of its truth. I need not tell you I mean General Paoli; who,
+after his great, though unsuccessful, efforts to preserve the liberties
+of his country, has found an honourable asylum in Britain, where he has
+now lived many years the object of Royal regard and private respect[3];
+and whom I cannot name without expressing my very grateful sense of the
+uniform kindness which he has been pleased to shew me[4].
+
+The friends of Doctor Johnson can best judge, from internal evidence,
+whether the numerous conversations which form the most valuable part of
+the ensuing pages are correctly related. To them, therefore, I wish to
+appeal, for the accuracy of the portrait here exhibited to the world.
+
+As one of those who were intimately acquainted with him, you have a
+title to this address. You have obligingly taken the trouble to peruse
+the original manuscript of this Tour, and can vouch for the strict
+fidelity of the present publication[5]. Your literary alliance with our
+much lamented friend, in consequence of having undertaken to render one
+of his labours more complete, by your edition of _Shakspeare_[6], a work
+which I am confident will not disappoint the expectations of the
+publick, gives you another claim. But I have a still more powerful
+inducement to prefix your name to this volume, as it gives me an
+opportunity of letting the world know that I enjoy the honour and
+happiness of your friendship; and of thus publickly testifying the
+sincere regard with which I am,
+
+  My dear Sir,
+      Your very faithful
+          And obedient servant,
+              JAMES BOSWELL.
+
+  LONDON,
+20th September, 1785.
+
+
+
+
+ADVERTISEMENT
+
+TO THE
+
+_THIRD EDITION._
+
+Animated by the very favourable reception which two large impressions of
+this work have had[7], it has been my study to make it as perfect as I
+could in this edition, by correcting some inaccuracies which I
+discovered myself, and some which the kindness of friends or the
+scrutiny of adversaries pointed out. A few notes are added, of which the
+principal object is, to refute misrepresentation and calumny.
+
+To the animadversions in the periodical Journals of criticism, and in
+the numerous publications to which my book has given rise, I have made
+no answer. Every work must stand or fall by its own merit. I cannot,
+however, omit this opportunity of returning thanks to a gentleman who
+published a Defence of my Journal, and has added to the favour by
+communicating his name to me in a very obliging letter.
+
+It would be an idle waste of time to take any particular notice of the
+futile remarks, to many of which, a petty national resentment, unworthy
+of my countrymen, has probably given rise; remarks which have been
+industriously circulated in the publick prints by shallow or envious
+cavillers, who have endeavoured to persuade the world that Dr. Johnson's
+character has been _lessened_ by recording such various instances of
+his lively wit and acute judgment, on every topick that was presented to
+his mind. In the opinion of every person of taste and knowledge that I
+have conversed with, it has been greatly _heightened_; and I will
+venture to predict, that this specimen of the colloquial talents and
+extemporaneous effusions of my illustrious fellow-traveller will become
+still more valuable, when, by the lapse of time, he shall have become an
+_ancient_; when all those who can now bear testimony to the transcendent
+powers of his mind, shall have passed away; and no other memorial of
+this great and good man shall remain but the following Journal, the
+other anecdotes and letters preserved by his friends, and those
+incomparable works, which have for many years been in the highest
+estimation, and will be read and admired as long as the English language
+shall be spoken or understood.
+
+J.B.
+
+LONDON, 15th Aug. 1786.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+DEDICATION.
+ADVERTISEMENT.
+INTRODUCTION. Character of Dr. Johnson. He arrives in Scotland.
+
+_August 15_. Sir William Forbes. Practice of the law. Emigration. Dr.
+Beattie and Mr. Hume. Dr. Robertson. Mr. Burke's various and
+extraordinary talents. Question concerning genius. Whitfield and Wesley.
+Instructions to political parties. Dr. Johnson's opinion of Garrick as a
+tragedian.
+
+_August 16_. Ogden on Prayer. Aphoristick writing. Edinburgh surveyed.
+Character of Swift's works. Evil spirits and witchcraft. Lord Monboddo
+and the Ouran-Outang.
+
+_August 17_. Poetry and Dictionary writing. Scepticism. Eternal
+necessity refuted. Lord Hailes's criticism on _The Vanity of Human
+Wishes._ Mr. Maclaurin. Decision of the Judges in Scotland on
+literary property.
+
+_August 18_. Set out for the Hebrides. Sketch of the authour's
+character. Trade of Glasgow. Suicide. Inchkeith. Parliamentary
+knowledge. Influence of Peers. Popular clamours. Arrive at St. Andrews.
+
+_August 19_. Dr. Watson. Literature and patronage. Writing and
+conversation compared. Change of manners. The Union. Value of money. St.
+Andrews and John Knox. Retirement from the world. Dinner with the
+Professors. Question concerning sorrow and content. Instructions for
+composition. Dr. Johnson's method. Uncertainty of memory.
+
+_August 20_. Effect of prayer. Observance of Sunday. Professor Shaw.
+Transubstantiation. Literary property. Mr. Tyers's remark on Dr.
+Johnson. Arrive at Montrose.
+
+_August 21_. Want of trees. Laurence Kirk. Dinner at Monboddo.
+Emigration. Homer. Biography and history compared. Decrease of learning.
+Causes of it. Promotion of bishops. Warburton. Lowth. Value of
+politeness. Dr. Johnson's sentiments concerning Lord Monboddo. Arrive
+at Aberdeen.
+
+_August 22_. Professor Thomas Gordon. Publick and private education.
+Sir Alexander Gordon. Trade of Aberdeen. Prescription of murder in
+Scotland. Mystery of the Trinity. Satisfaction of Christ. Importance of
+old friendships.
+
+_August 23_. Dr. Johnson made a burgess of Aberdeen. Dinner at Sir
+Alexander Gordon's. Warburton's powers of invective. His _Doctrine of
+Grace_. Lock's verses. Fingal.
+
+_August 24_. Goldsmith and Graham. Slains castle. Education of children.
+Buller of Buchan. Entails. Consequence of Peers. Sir Joshua Reynolds.
+Earl of Errol.
+
+_August 25_. The advantage of being on good terms with relations.
+Nabobs. Feudal state of subordination. Dinner at Strichen. Life of
+country gentlemen. THE LITERARY CLUB.
+
+_August 26_. Lord Monboddo. Use and importance of wealth. Elgin.
+Macbeth's heath. Fores.
+
+_August 27_. Leonidas. Paul Whitehead. Derrick. Origin of Evil.
+Calder-manse. Reasonableness of ecclesiastical subscription.
+Family worship.
+
+_August 28_. Fort George. Sir Adolphus Oughton. Contest between
+Warburton and Lowth. Dinner at Sir Eyre Coote's. Arabs and English
+soldiers compared. The Stage. Mr. Garrick, Mrs. Cibber, Mrs. Pritchard,
+Mrs. Clive. Inverness.
+
+_August 29_. Macbeth's Castle. Incorrectness of writers of Travels.
+Coinage of new words. Dr. Johnson's _Dictionary_.
+
+_August 30_. Dr. Johnson on horseback. A Highland hut. Fort Augustus.
+Governour Trapaud.
+
+_August 31_. Anoch. Emigration. Goldsmith. Poets and soldiers compared.
+Life of a sailor. Landlord's daughter at Anoch.
+
+_September 1_. Glensheal. The Macraas. Dr. Johnson's anger at being left
+for a little while by the authour on a wild plain. Wretched inn
+at Glenelg.
+
+_September 2_. Dr. Johnson relents. Isle of Sky. Armidale.
+
+_September 3_. Colonel Montgomery, now Earl of Eglintoune.
+
+_September 4_. Ancient Highland Enthusiasm.
+
+_September 5_. Sir James Macdonald's epitaph and last letters to his
+mother. Dr. Johnson's Latin ode on the Isle of Sky. Isaac
+Hawkins Browne.
+
+_September 6_. Corrichatachin. Highland hospitality and mirth. Dr.
+Johnson's Latin ode to Mrs. Thrale.
+
+_September 7_. Uneasy state of dependence on the weather. State of those
+who live in the country. Dr. M'Pherson's Dissertations. Second Sight.
+
+_September 8_. Rev. Mr. Donald M'Queen. Mr. Malcolm M'Cleod. Sail to
+Rasay. Fingal. Homer. Elegant and gay entertainment at Rasay.
+
+_September 9_. Antiquity of the family of Rasay. Cure of infidelity.
+
+_September 10_. Survey of the island of Rasay. Bentley. Mallet. Hooke.
+Duchess of Marlborough.
+
+_September 11_. Heritable jurisdictions. Insular life. The Laird of
+M'Cleod.
+
+_September 12_. Sail to Portree. Dr. Johnson's discourse on death.
+Letters from Lord Elibank to Dr. Johnson and the authour. Dr. Johnson's
+answer. Ride to Kingsburgh. Flora M'Donald.
+
+_September 13_. Distresses and escape of the grandson of King James II.
+Arrive at Dunvegan.
+
+_September 14_. Importance of the chastity of women. Dr. Cadogan.
+Whether the practice of authours is necessary to enforce their
+Doctrines. Good humour acquirable.
+
+_September 15_. Sir George M'Kenzie. Mr. Burke's wit, knowledge and
+eloquence.
+
+_September 16_. Dr. Johnson's hereditary melancholy. His minute
+knowledge in various arts. Apology for the authour's ardour in his
+pursuits. Dr. Johnson's imaginary seraglio. Polygamy.
+
+_September 17_. Cunning. Whether great abilities are necessary to be
+wicked. Temple of the Goddess Anaitis. Family portraits. Records not
+consulted by old English historians. Mr. Pennant's Tours criticised.
+
+_September 18_. Ancient residence of a Highland Chief. Languages the
+pedigree of nations. Laird of the Isle of Muck.
+
+_September 19_. Choice of a wife. Women an over-match for men. Lady
+Grange in St. Kilda. Poetry of savages. French Literati. Prize-fighting.
+French and English soldiers. Duelling.
+
+_September 20_. Change of London manners. Laziness censured. Landed and
+traded interest compared. Gratitude considered.
+
+_September 21_. Description of Dunvegan. Lord Lovat's Pyramid. Ride to
+Ulinish. Phipps's Voyage to the North Pole.
+
+_September 22_. Subterraneous house and vast cave in Ulinish. Swift's
+Lord Orrery. Defects as well as virtues the proper subject of biography,
+though the life be written by a friend. Studied conclusions of letters.
+Whether allowable in dying men to maintain resentment to the last.
+Instructions for writing the lives of literary men. Fingal denied to be
+genuine, and pleasantly ridiculed.
+
+_September 23_. Further disquisition concerning Fingal. Eminent men
+disconcerted by a new mode of publick appearance. Garrick. Mrs.
+Montague's Essay on Shakspeare. Persons of consequence watched in
+London. Learning of the Scots from 1550 to 1650. The arts of civil life
+little known in Scotland till the Union. Life of a sailor. The folly of
+Peter the Great in working in a dock-yard. Arrive at Talisker.
+Presbyterian clergy deficient in learning.  _September 24_. French
+hunting. Young Col. Dr. Birch, Dr. Percy. Lord Hailes. Historical
+impartiality. Whiggism unbecoming in a clergyman.
+
+_September 25_. Every island a prison. A Sky cottage. Return to
+Corrichatachin. Good fellowship carried to excess.
+
+_September 26_. Morning review of last night's intemperance. Old
+Kingsburgh's Jacobite song. Lady Margaret Macdonald adored in Sky.
+Different views of the same subject at different times. Self-deception.
+
+_September 27_. Dr. Johnson's popularity in the Isle of Sky. His
+good-humoured gaiety with a Highland lady.
+
+_September 28_. Ancient Irish pride of family. Dr. Johnson on threshing
+and thatching. Dangerous to increase the price of labour. Arrive at
+Ostig. Dr. M'Pherson's Latin poetry.
+
+_September 29_. Reverend Mr. M'Pherson, Shenstone. Hammond. Sir Charles
+Hanbury Williams.
+
+_September 30_. Mr. Burke the first man every where. Very moderate
+talents requisite to make a figure in the House of Commons. Dr. Young.
+Dr. Doddridge. Increase of infidel writings since the accession of the
+Hanover family. Gradual impression made by Dr. Johnson. Particular
+minutes to be kept of our studies.
+
+_October 1_. Dr. Johnson not answerable for all the words in his
+_Dictionary_. Attacks on authours useful to them. Return to Armidale.
+
+_October 2_. Old manners of great families in Wales. German courts.
+Goldsmith's love of talk. Emigration. Curious story of the people of
+St. Kilda.
+
+_October 3_. Epictetus on the voyage of death. Sail for Mull. A storm.
+Driven into Col.
+
+_October 4_. Dr. Johnson's mode of living in the Temple. His curious
+appearance on a sheltie. Nature of sea-sickness. Burnet's _History of
+his own Times_. Difference between dedications and histories.
+
+_October 5_. People may come to do anything by talking of it. The
+Reverend Mr. Hector Maclean. Bayle. Leibnitz and Clarke. Survey of Col.
+Insular life. Arrive at Breacacha. Dr. Johnson's power of ridicule.
+
+_October 6_. Heritable jurisdictions. The opinion of philosophers
+concerning happiness in a cottage, considered. Advice to landlords.
+
+_October 7_. Books the best solace in a state of confinement.
+
+_October 8_. Pretended brother of Dr. Johnson. No redress for a man's
+name being affixed to a foolish work. Lady Sidney Beauclerk. Carte's
+_Life of the Duke of Ormond_. Col's cabinet. Letters of the great
+Montrose. Present state of the island of Col.
+
+_October 9_. Dr. Johnson's avidity for a variety of books. Improbability
+of a Highland tradition. Dr. Johnson's delicacy of feeling.
+
+_October 10_. Dependence of tenants on landlords.
+
+_October 11_. London and Pekin compared. Dr. Johnson's high opinion of
+the former.
+
+_October 12_. Return to Mr. M'Sweyn's. Other superstitions beside those
+connected with religion. Dr. Johnson disgusted with coarse manners. His
+peculiar habits.
+
+_October 13_. Bustle not necessary to dispatch. _Oats_ the food not of
+the Scotch alone.
+
+_October 14_. Arrive in Mull. Addison's _Remarks on Italy_. Addison not
+much conversant with Italian literature. The French masters of the art
+of accommodating literature. Their _Ana_. Racine. Corneille. Moliere.
+Fenelon. Voltaire. Bossuet. Massillon. Bourdaloue. Virgil's description
+of the entrance into hell, compared to a printing-house.
+
+_October 15_. Erse poetry. Danger of a knowledge of musick. The
+propriety of settling our affairs so as to be always prepared for death.
+Religion and literary attainments not to be described to young persons
+as too hard. Reception of the travellers in their progress. Spence.
+
+_October 16_. Miss Maclean. Account of Mull. The value of an oak
+walking-stick in the Hebrides. Arrive at Mr. M'Quarrie's in Ulva.
+Captain Macleod. Second Sight. _Mercheta Mulierum_, and Borough-English.
+The grounds on which the sale of an estate may be set aside in a court
+of equity.
+
+_October 17_. Arrive at Inchkenneth. Sir Allan Maclean and his
+daughters. None but theological books should be read on Sunday. Dr.
+Campbell. Dr. Johnson exhibited as a Highlander. Thoughts on drinking.
+Dr. Johnson's Latin verses on Inchkenneth.
+
+_October 18_. Young Col's various good qualities. No extraordinary
+talents requisite to success in trade. Dr. Solander. Mr. Burke. Dr.
+Johnson's intrepidity and presence of mind. Singular custom in the
+islands of Col and Otaheité. Further elogium on young Col. Credulity of
+a Frenchman in foreign countries.
+
+_October 19_. Death of young Col. Dr. Johnson slow of belief without
+strong evidence. _La Crédulité des incrédules_. Coast of Mull. Nun's
+Island. Past scenes pleasing in recollection. Land on Icolmkill.
+_October 20_. Sketch of the ruins of Icolmkill. Influence of solemn
+scenes of piety. Feudal authority in the extreme. Return to Mull.
+
+_October 21_. Pulteney. Pitt. Walpole. Mr. Wilkes. English and Jewish
+history compared. Scotland composed of stone and water, and a little
+earth. Turkish Spy. Dreary ride to Lochbuy. Description of the laird.
+
+_October 22_. Uncommon breakfast offered to Dr. Johnson, and rejected.
+Lochbuy's war-saddle. Sail to Oban.
+
+_October 23_. Goldsmith's _Traveller_. Pope and Cowley compared.
+Archibald Duke of Argyle. Arrive at Inverary. Dr. Johnson drinks some
+whisky, and assigns his reason. Letter from the authour to Mr. Garrick.
+Mr. Garrick's answer.
+
+_October 24_. Specimen of Ogden on Prayer. Hervey's _Meditations_. Dr.
+Johnson's Meditation on a Pudding. Country neighbours. The authour's
+visit to the castle of Inverary. Perverse opposition to the influence of
+Peers in Ayrshire.
+
+_October 25_. Dr. Johnson presented to the Duke of Argyle. Grandeur of
+his grace's seat. The authour possesses himself in an embarrassing
+situation. Honourable Archibald Campbell on _a middle state_. The old
+Lord Townshend. Question concerning luxury. Nice trait of character.
+Good principles and bad practice.
+
+_October 26_. A passage in Home's _Douglas_, and one in _Juvenal_,
+compared. Neglect of religious buildings in Scotland. Arrive at Sir
+James Colquhoun's.
+
+_October 27_. Dr. Johnson's letter to the Duke of Argyle. His grace's
+answer. Lochlomond. Dr. Johnson's sentiments on dress. Forms of prayer
+considered. Arrive at Mr. Smollet's.
+
+_October 28_. Dr. Smollet's Epitaph. Dr. Johnson's wonderful memory. His
+alacrity during the Tour. Arrive at Glasgow.
+
+_October 29_. Glasgow surveyed. Attention of the professors to Dr.
+Johnson.
+
+_October 30_. Dinner at the Earl of Loudoun's. Character of that
+nobleman. Arrive at Treesbank.
+
+_October 31_. Sir John Cunningham of Caprington.
+
+_November 1_. Rules for the distribution of charity. Castle of
+Dundonald. Countess of Eglintoune. Alexander Earl of Eglintoune.
+
+_November 2_. Arrive at Auchinleck. Character of Lord Auchinleck, His
+idea of Dr. Johnson.
+
+_November 3_. Dr. Johnson's sentiments concerning the Highlands. Mr.
+Harris of Salisbury.
+
+_November 4_. Auchinleck. Cattle without horns. Composure of mind how
+far attainable.  _November 5_. Dr. Johnson's high respect for the
+English clergy.
+
+_November 6_. Lord Auchinleck and Dr. Johnson in collision.
+
+_November 7_. Dr. Johnson's uniform piety. His dislike of presbyterian
+worship.
+
+_November 8_. Arrive at Hamilton.
+
+_November 9_. The Duke of Hamilton's house. Arrive at Edinburgh.
+
+_November 10_. Lord Elibank. Difference in political principles
+increased by opposition. Edinburgh Castle. Fingal. English credulity not
+less than Scottish. Second Sight. Garrick and Foote compared as
+companions. Moravian Missions and Methodism.
+
+_November 11_. History originally oral. Dr. Robertson's liberality of
+sentiment. Rebellion natural to man.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Summary account of the manner in which Dr. Johnson spent his time from
+November 12 to November 21. Lord Mansfield, Mr. Richardson. The private
+life of an English Judge. Dr. Johnson's high opinion of Dr. Robertson
+and Dr. Blair. Letter from Dr. Blair to the authour. Officers of the
+army often ignorant of things belonging to their own profession. Academy
+for the deaf and dumb. A Scotch Highlander and an English sailor.
+Attacks on authours advantageous to them. Roslin Castle and Hawthornden.
+Dr. Johnson's _Parody of Sir John Dalrymple's Memoirs_. Arrive at
+Cranston. Dr. Johnson's departure for London. Letters from Lord Hailes
+and Mr. Dempster to the authour. Letter from the Laird of Rasay to the
+authour. The authour's answer. Dr. Johnson's Advertisement,
+acknowledging a mistake in his _Journey to the Western Islands_. His
+letter to the Laird of Rasay. Letter from Sir William Forbes to the
+authour. Conclusion.
+
+
+
+
+     HE WAS OF AN ADMIRABLE PREGNANCY OF WIT, AND THAT PREGNANCY
+     MUCH IMPROVED BY CONTINUAL STUDY FROM HIS CHILDHOOD:
+     BY WHICH HE HAD GOTTEN SUCH A PROMPTNESS IN EXPRESSING HIS
+     MIND, THAT HIS EXTEMPORAL SPEECHES WERE LITTLE INFERIOR TO
+     HIS PREMEDITATED WRITINGS. MANY, NO DOUBT, HAD READ AS MUCH,
+     AND PERHAPS MORE THAN HE; BUT SCARCE EVER ANY CONCOCTED
+     HIS READING INTO JUDGEMENT AS HE DID[8].
+
+     _Baker's Chronicle_ [ed. 1665, p. 449].
+
+
+
+
+THE
+
+JOURNAL
+
+OF A
+
+TOUR TO THE HEBRIDES
+
+WITH
+
+SAMUEL JOHNSON, LL.D.
+
+
+Dr. Johnson had for many years given me hopes that we should go
+together, and visit the Hebrides[9]. Martin's Account of those islands
+had impressed us with a notion that we might there contemplate a system
+of life almost totally different from what we had been accustomed to
+see; and, to find simplicity and wildness, and all the circumstances of
+remote time or place, so near to our native great island, was an object
+within the reach of reasonable curiosity. Dr. Johnson has said in his
+_Journey_[10] 'that he scarcely remembered how the wish to visit the
+Hebrides was excited;' but he told me, in summer, 1763[11], that his
+father put Martin's Account into his hands when he was very young, and
+that he was much pleased with it. We reckoned there would be some
+inconveniencies and hardships, and perhaps a little danger; but these we
+were persuaded were magnified in the imagination of every body. When I
+was at Ferney, in 1764, I mentioned our design to Voltaire. He looked at
+me, as if I had talked of going to the North Pole, and said, 'You do not
+insist on my accompanying you?'--'No, Sir,'--'Then I am very willing
+you should go.' I was not afraid that our curious expedition would be
+prevented by such apprehensions; but I doubted that it would not be
+possible to prevail on Dr. Johnson to relinquish, for some time, the
+felicity of a London life, which, to a man who can enjoy it with full
+intellectual relish, is apt to make existence in any narrower sphere
+seem insipid or irksome. I doubted that he would not be willing to come
+down from his elevated state of philosophical dignity; from a
+superiority of wisdom among the wise, and of learning among the learned;
+and from flashing his wit upon minds bright enough to reflect it.
+
+He had disappointed my expectations so long, that I began to despair;
+but in spring, 1773, he talked of coming to Scotland that year with so
+much firmness, that I hoped he was at last in earnest. I knew that, if
+he were once launched from the metropolis he would go forward very well;
+and I got our common friends there to assist in setting him afloat. To
+Mrs. Thrale in particular, whose enchantment over him seldom failed, I
+was much obliged. It was, '_I'll give thee a wind._'-' _Thou art
+kind._[12]'--To _attract_ him, we had invitations from the chiefs
+Macdonald and Macleod; and, for additional aid, I wrote to Lord
+Elibank[13], Dr. William Robertson, and Dr. Beattie.
+
+To Dr. Robertson, so far as my letter concerned the present subject, I
+wrote as follows:
+
+'Our friend, Mr. Samuel Johnson, is in great health and spirits; and, I
+do think, has a serious resolution to visit Scotland this year. The more
+attraction, however, the better; and therefore, though I know he will be
+happy to meet you there, it will forward the scheme, if, in your answer
+to this, you express yourself concerning it with that power of which you
+are so happily possessed, and which may be so directed as to operate
+strongly upon him.'
+
+His answer to that part of my letter was quite as I could have wished.
+It was written with the address and persuasion of the historian of
+America.  'When I saw you last, you gave us some hopes that you might
+prevail with Mr. Johnson to make out that excursion to Scotland, with
+the expectation of which we have long flattered ourselves. If he could
+order matters so, as to pass some time in Edinburgh, about the close of
+the summer session, and then visit some of the Highland scenes, I am
+confident he would be pleased with the grand features of nature in many
+parts of this country: he will meet with many persons here who respect
+him, and some whom I am persuaded he will think not unworthy of his
+esteem. I wish he would make the experiment. He sometimes cracks his
+jokes upon us; but he will find that we can distinguish between the
+stabs of malevolence, and _the rebukes of the righteous, which are like
+excellent oil[14], and break not the head[15]_. Offer my best
+compliments to him, and assure him that I shall be happy to have the
+satisfaction of seeing him under my roof.
+
+To Dr. Beattie I wrote, 'The chief intention of this letter is to inform
+you, that I now seriously believe Mr. Samuel Johnson will visit Scotland
+this year: but I wish that every power of attraction may be employed to
+secure our having so valuable an acquisition, and therefore I hope you
+will without delay write to me what I know you think, that I may read it
+to the mighty sage, with proper emphasis, before I leave London, which I
+must do soon. He talks of you with the same warmth that he did last
+year[16]. We are to see as much of Scotland as we can, in the months of
+August and September. We shall not be long of being at Marischal
+College[17]. He is particularly desirous of seeing some of the
+Western Islands.'
+
+Dr. Beattie did better: _ipse venit_. He was, however, so polite as to
+wave his privilege of _nil mihi rescribas[18]_, and wrote from
+Edinburgh, as follows:--'Your very kind and agreeable favour of the
+20th of April overtook me here yesterday, after having gone to Aberdeen,
+which place I left about a week ago. I am to set out this day for
+London, and hope to have the honour of paying my respects to Mr. Johnson
+and you, about a week or ten days hence. I shall then do what I can, to
+enforce the topick you mention; but at present I cannot enter upon it,
+as I am in a very great hurry; for I intend to begin my journey within
+an hour or two.'
+
+He was as good as his word, and threw some pleasing motives into the
+northern scale. But, indeed, Mr. Johnson loved all that he heard, from
+one whom he tells us, in his _Lives of the Poets_, Gray found 'a poet, a
+philosopher, and a good man[19].'
+
+My Lord Elibank did not answer my letter to his lordship for some time.
+The reason will appear, when we come to the isle of _Sky_[20]. I shall
+then insert my letter, with letters from his lordship, both to myself
+and Mr. Johnson. I beg it may be understood, that I insert my own
+letters, as I relate my own sayings, rather as keys to what is valuable
+belonging to others, than for their own sake.
+
+Luckily Mr. Justice (now Sir Robert) Chambers[21], who was about to sail
+for the East-Indies, was going to take leave of his relations at
+Newcastle, and he conducted Dr. Johnson to that town. Mr. Scott, of
+University College, Oxford, (now Dr. Scott[22], of the Commons,)
+accompanied him from thence to Edinburgh, With such propitious convoys
+did he proceed to my native city. But, lest metaphor should make it be
+supposed he actually went by sea, I choose to mention that he travelled
+in post-chaises, of which the rapid motion was one of his most favourite
+amusements[23].
+
+Dr. Samuel Johnson's character, religious, moral, political, and
+literary, nay his figure and manner, are, I believe, more generally
+known than those of almost any man; yet it may not be superfluous here
+to attempt a sketch of him. Let my readers then remember that he was a
+sincere and zealous Christian, of high church of England and monarchical
+principles, which he would not tamely suffer to be questioned; steady
+and inflexible in maintaining the obligations of piety and virtue, both
+from a regard to the order of society, and from a veneration for the
+Great Source of all order; correct, nay stern in his taste; hard to
+please, and easily offended, impetuous and irritable in his temper, but
+of a most humane and benevolent heart; having a mind stored with a vast
+and various collection of learning and knowledge, which he communicated
+with peculiar perspicuity and force, in rich and choice expression. He
+united a most logical head with a most fertile imagination, which gave
+him an extraordinary advantage in arguing; for he could reason close or
+wide, as he saw best for the moment. He could, when he chose it, be the
+greatest sophist that ever wielded a weapon in the schools of
+declamation; but he indulged this only in conversation; for he owned he
+sometimes talked for victory[24]; he was too conscientious to make
+errour permanent and pernicious, by deliberately writing it. He was
+conscious of his superiority. He loved praise when it was brought to
+him; but was too proud to seek for it. He was somewhat susceptible of
+flattery[25]. His mind was so full of imagery, that he might have been
+perpetually a poet. It has been often remarked, that in his poetical
+pieces, which it is to be regretted are so few, because so excellent,
+his style is easier than in his prose. There is deception in this: it is
+not easier, but better suited to the dignity of verse; as one may dance
+with grace, whose motions, in ordinary walking, in the common step, are
+awkward. He had a constitutional melancholy, the clouds of which
+darkened the brightness of his fancy, and gave a gloomy cast to his
+whole course of thinking: yet, though grave and awful in his deportment,
+when he thought it necessary or proper, he frequently indulged himself
+in pleasantry and sportive sallies. He was prone to superstition, but
+not to credulity. Though his imagination might incline him to a belief
+of the marvellous and the mysterious, his vigorous reason examined the
+evidence with jealousy. He had a loud voice, and a slow deliberate
+utterance, which no doubt gave some additional weight to the sterling
+metal of his conversation[26]. His person was large, robust, I may say
+approaching to the gigantick, and grown unwieldy from corpulency. His
+countenance was naturally of the cast of an ancient statue, but somewhat
+disfigured by the scars of that _evil_, which, it was formerly imagined,
+the _royal touch_[27] could cure. He was now in his sixty-fourth year,
+and was become a little dull of hearing. His sight had always been
+somewhat weak; yet, so much does mind govern, and even supply the
+deficiency of organs, that his perceptions were uncommonly quick and
+accurate[28]. His head, and sometimes also his body shook with a kind of
+motion like the effect of a palsy: he appeared to be frequently
+disturbed by cramps, or convulsive contractions[29], of the nature of
+that distemper called _St. Vitus's dance_. He wore a full suit of plain
+brown clothes, with twisted hair-buttons[30] of the same colour, a
+large bushy greyish wig, a plain shirt, black worsted stockings, and
+silver buckles. Upon this tour, when journeying, he wore boots, and a
+very wide brown cloth great coat, with pockets which might have almost
+held the two volumes of his folio _Dictionary_; and he carried in his
+hand a large English oak stick. Let me not be censured for mentioning
+such minute particulars. Every thing relative to so great a man is worth
+observing. I remember Dr. Adam Smith, in his rhetorical lectures at
+Glasgow[31], told us he was glad to know that Milton wore latchets in
+his shoes, instead of buckles. When I mention the oak stick, it is but
+letting _Hercules_ have his club; and, by-and-by, my readers will find
+this stick will bud, and produce a good joke[32].
+
+This imperfect sketch of 'the COMBINATION and the _form_[33]' of that
+Wonderful Man, whom I venerated and loved while in this world, and after
+whom I gaze with humble hope, now that it has pleased ALMIGHTY GOD to
+call him to a better world, will serve to introduce to the fancy of my
+readers the capital object of the following journal, in the course of
+which I trust they will attain to a considerable degree of
+acquaintance with him.
+
+His prejudice against Scotland[34] was announced almost as soon as he
+began to appear in the world of Letters. In his _London_, a poem, are
+the following nervous lines:--
+
+     'For who would leave, unbrib'd, Hibernia's land?
+      Or change the rocks of Scotland for the Strand?
+      There none are swept by sudden fate away;
+      But all, whom hunger spares, with age decay.'
+
+The truth is, like the ancient Greeks and Romans, he allowed himself to
+look upon all nations but his own as barbarians[35]: not only Hibernia,
+and Scotland, but Spain, Italy, and France, are attacked in the same
+poem. If he was particularly prejudiced against the Scots, it was
+because they were more in his way; because he thought their success in
+England rather exceeded the due proportion of their real merit; and
+because he could not but see in them that nationality which I believe no
+liberal-minded Scotsman will deny. He was indeed, if I may be allowed
+the phrase, at bottom much of a _John Bull_[36]; much of a blunt _true
+born Englishman_[37]. There was a stratum of common clay under the rock
+of marble. He was voraciously fond of good eating[38]; and he had a
+great deal of that quality called _humour_, which gives an oiliness and
+a gloss to every other quality.
+
+I am, I flatter myself, completely a citizen of the world.--In my
+travels through Holland, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Corsica, France, I
+never felt myself from home; and I sincerely love 'every kindred and
+tongue and people and nation[39].' I subscribe to what my late truly
+learned and philosophical friend Mr. Crosbie[40] said, that the English
+are better animals than the Scots; they are nearer the sun; their blood
+is richer, and more mellow: but when I humour any of them in an
+outrageous contempt of Scotland, I fairly own I treat them as children.
+And thus I have, at some moments, found myself obliged to treat even
+Dr. Johnson.
+
+To Scotland however he ventured; and he returned from it in great good
+humour, with his prejudices much lessened, and with very grateful
+feelings of the hospitality with which he was treated; as is evident
+from that admirable work, his _Journey to the Western Islands of
+Scotland_, which, to my utter astonishment, has been misapprehended,
+even to rancour, by many of my countrymen.  To have the company of
+Chambers and Scott, he delayed his journey so long, that the court of
+session, which rises on the eleventh of August, was broke up before he
+got to Edinburgh[41].
+
+On Saturday the fourteenth of August, 1773, late in the evening, I
+received a note from him, that he was arrived at Boyd's inn[42], at the
+head of the Canongate. I went to him directly. He embraced me cordially;
+and I exulted in the thought, that I now had him actually in Caledonia.
+Mr. Scott's amiable manners, and attachment to our _Socrates_, at once
+united me to him. He told me that, before I came in, the Doctor had
+unluckily had a bad specimen of Scottish cleanliness[43]. He then drank
+no fermented liquor. He asked to have his lemonade made sweeter; upon
+which the waiter, with his greasy fingers, lifted a lump of sugar, and
+put it into it. The Doctor, in indignation, threw it out of the window.
+Scott said, he was afraid he would have knocked the waiter down. Mr.
+Johnson told me, that such another trick was played him at the house of
+a lady in Paris[44]. He was to do me the honour to lodge under my roof.
+I regretted sincerely that I had not also a room for Mr. Scott. Mr.
+Johnson and I walked arm-in-arm up the High=street, to my house in
+James's court[45]: it was a dusky night: I could not prevent his being
+assailed by the evening effluvia of Edinburgh. I heard a late baronet,
+of some distinction in the political world in the beginning of the
+present reign, observe, that 'walking the streets of Edinburgh at night
+was pretty perilous, and a good deal odoriferous.' The peril is much
+abated, by the care which the magistrates have taken to enforce the city
+laws against throwing foul water from the windows[46]; but from the
+structure of the houses in the old town, which consist of many stories,
+in each of which a different family lives, and there being no covered
+sewers, the ordour still continues. A zealous Scotsman would have wished
+Mr. Johnson to be without one of his five senses upon this occasion. As
+we marched slowly along, he grumbled in my ear, 'I smell you in the
+dark[47]!' But he acknowledged that the breadth of the street, and the
+loftiness of the buildings on each side made a noble appearance[48].
+
+My wife had tea ready for him, which it is well known he delighted to
+drink at all hours, particularly when sitting up late, and of which his
+able defence against Mr. Jonas Hanway[49] should have obtained him a
+magnificent reward from the East-India Company. He shewed much
+complacency upon finding that the mistress of the house was so attentive
+to his singular habit; and as no man could be more polite when he chose
+to be so, his address to her was most courteous and engaging; and his
+conversation soon charmed her into a forgetfulness of his external
+appearance[50].
+
+I did not begin to keep a regular full journal till some days after we
+had set out from Edinburgh; but I have luckily preserved a good many
+fragments of his _Memorabilia_ from his very first evening in Scotland.
+
+We had, a little before this, had a trial for murder, in which the
+judges had allowed the lapse of twenty years since its commission as a
+plea in bar, in conformity with the doctrine of prescription in the
+_civil_ law, which Scotland and several other countries in Europe have
+adopted. He at first disapproved of this; but then he thought there was
+something in it, if there had been for twenty years a neglect to
+prosecute a crime which was _known_. He would not allow that a murder,
+by not being _discovered_ for twenty years, should escape
+punishment[51]. We talked of the ancient trial by duel. He did not think
+it so absurd as is generally supposed; 'For (said he) it was only
+allowed when the question was _in equilibrio_, as when one affirmed and
+another denied; and they had a notion that Providence would interfere in
+favour of him who was in the right. But as it was found that in a duel,
+he who was in the right had not a better chance than he who was in the
+wrong, therefore society instituted the present mode of trial, and gave
+the advantage to him who is in the right.'
+
+We sat till near two in the morning, having chatted a good while after
+my wife left us. She had insisted, that to shew all respect to the Sage
+she would give up her own bed-chamber to him and take a worse[52]. This
+I cannot but gratefully mention, as one of a thousand obligations which
+I owe her, since the great obligation of her being pleased to accept of
+me as her husband[53].
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, AUGUST 15[54]
+
+Mr. Scott came to breakfast, at which I introduced to Dr. Johnson and
+him, my friend Sir William Forbes, now of Pitsligo[55]; a man of whom
+too much good cannot be said; who, with distinguished abilities and
+application in his profession of a Banker, is at once a good companion,
+and a good christian; which I think is saying enough. Yet it is but
+justice to record, that once, when he was in a dangerous illness, he was
+watched with the anxious apprehension of a general calamity; day and
+night his house was beset with affectionate enquiries; and, upon his
+recovery, _Te deum_ was the universal chorus from the _hearts_ of his
+countrymen.  Mr. Johnson was pleased with my daughter Veronica[56],
+then a child of about four months old. She had the appearance of
+listening to him. His motions seemed to her to be intended for her
+amusement; and when he stopped, she fluttered, and made a little
+infantine noise, and a kind of signal for him to begin again. She would
+be held close to him; which was a proof, from simple nature, that his
+figure was not horrid. Her fondness for him endeared her still more to
+me, and I declared she should have five hundred pounds of additional
+fortune[57].
+
+We talked of the practice of the law. Sir William Forbes said, he
+thought an honest lawyer should never undertake a cause which he was
+satisfied was not a just one. 'Sir, (said Mr. Johnson,) a lawyer has no
+business with the justice or injustice of the cause which he undertakes,
+unless his client asks his opinion, and then he is bound to give it
+honestly. The justice or injustice of the cause is to be decided by the
+judge. Consider, Sir; what is the purpose of courts of justice? It is,
+that every man may have his cause fairly tried, by men appointed to try
+causes. A lawyer is not to tell what he knows to be a lie: he is not to
+produce what he knows to be a false deed; but he is not to usurp the
+province of the jury and of the judge, and determine what shall be the
+effect of evidence,--what shall be the result of legal argument. As it
+rarely happens that a man is fit to plead his own cause, lawyers are a
+class of the community, who, by study and experience, have acquired the
+art and power of arranging evidence, and of applying to the points at
+issue what the law has settled. A lawyer is to do for his client all
+that his client might fairly do for himself, if he could. If, by a
+superiority of attention, of knowledge, of skill, and a better method of
+communication, he has the advantage of his adversary, it is an
+advantage to which he is entitled. There must always be some advantage,
+on one side or other; and it is better that advantage should be had by
+talents than by chance. Lawyers were to undertake no causes till they
+were sure they were just, a man might be precluded altogether from a
+trial of his claim, though, were it judicially examined it might be
+found a very just claim[58].' This was sound practical doctrine, and
+rationally repressed a too refined scrupulosity[59] of conscience.
+
+Emigration was at this time a common topick of discourse[60]. Dr.
+Johnson regretted it as hurtful to human happiness: 'For (said he) it
+spreads mankind, which weakens the defence of a nation, and lessens the
+comfort of living. Men, thinly scattered, make a shift, but a bad shift,
+without many things. A smith is ten miles off: they'll do without a nail
+or a staple. A taylor is far from them: they'll botch their own clothes.
+It is being concentrated which produces high convenience[61].'
+
+Sir William Forbes, Mr. Scott, and I, accompanied Mr. Johnson to the
+chapel[62], founded by Lord Chief Baron Smith, for the Service of the
+Church of England. The Reverend Mr. Carre, the senior clergyman,
+preached from these words, 'Because the Lord reigneth, let the earth be
+glad[63].' I was sorry to think Mr. Johnson did not attend to the
+sermon, Mr. Carre's low voice not being strong enough to reach his
+hearing. A selection of Mr. Carre's sermons has, since his death, been
+published by Sir William Forbes[64], and the world has acknowledged
+their uncommon merit. I am well assured Lord Mansfield has pronounced
+them to be excellent.
+
+Here I obtained a promise from Lord Chief Baron Orde[65], that he would
+dine at my house next day. I presented Mr. Johnson to his Lordship, who
+politely said to him, I have not the honour of knowing you; but I hope
+for it, and to see you at my house. I am to wait on you to-morrow.' This
+respectable English judge will be long remembered in Scotland, where he
+built an elegant house, and lived in it magnificently. His own ample
+fortune, with the addition of his salary, enabled him to be splendidly
+hospitable. It may be fortunate for an individual amongst ourselves to
+be Lord Chief Baron; and a most worthy man now has the office; but, in
+my opinion, it is better for Scotland in general, that some of our
+publick employments should be filled by gentlemen of distinction from
+the south side of the Tweed, as we have the benefit of promotion in
+England. Such an interchange would make a beneficial mixture of manners,
+and render our union more complete. Lord Chief Baron Orde was on good
+terms with us all, in a narrow country filled with jarring interests and
+keen parties; and, though I well knew his opinion to be the same with my
+own, he kept himself aloof at a very critical period indeed, when the
+_Douglas cause_ shook the sacred security of _birthright_ in Scotland
+to its foundation; a cause, which had it happened before the Union, when
+there was no appeal to a British House of Lords, would have left the
+great fortress of honours and of property in ruins[66].  When we got
+home, Dr. Johnson desired to see my books. He took down Ogden's _Sermons
+on Prayer_[67], on which I set a very high value, having been much
+edified by them, and he retired with them to his room. He did not stay
+long, but soon joined us in the drawing room. I presented to him Mr.
+Robert Arbuthnot, a relation of the celebrated Dr. Arbuthnot[68], and a
+man of literature and taste. To him we were obliged for a previous
+recommendation, which secured us a very agreeable reception at St.
+Andrews, and which Dr. Johnson, in his _Journey_, ascribes to 'some
+invisible friend[69].'
+
+Of Dr. Beattie, Mr. Johnson said, 'Sir, he has written like a man
+conscious of the truth, and feeling his own strength[70]. Treating your
+adversary with respect is giving him an advantage to which he is not
+entitled[71]. The greatest part of men cannot judge of reasoning, and
+are impressed by character; so that, if you allow your adversary a
+respectable character, they will think, that though you differ from him,
+you may be in the wrong. Sir, treating your adversary with respect, is
+striking soft in a battle. And as to Hume,--a man who has so much
+conceit as to tell all mankind that they have been bubbled[72] for ages,
+and he is the wise man who sees better than they,--a man who has so
+little scrupulosity as to venture to oppose those principles which have
+been thought necessary to human happiness,--is he to be surprized if
+another man comes and laughs at him? If he is the great man he thinks
+himself, all this cannot hurt him: it is like throwing peas against a
+rock.' He added '_something much too rough_' both as to Mr. Hume's head
+and heart, which I suppress. Violence is, in my opinion, not suitable to
+the Christian cause. Besides, I always lived on good terms with Mr.
+Hume, though I have frankly told him, I was not clear that it was right
+in me to keep company with him. 'But, (said I) how much better are you
+than your books!' He was cheerful, obliging, and instructive; he was
+charitable to the poor; and many an agreeable hour have I passed with
+him[73]: I have preserved some entertaining and interesting memoirs of
+him, particularly when he knew himself to be dying, which I may some
+time or other communicate to the world[74]. I shall not, however, extol
+him so very highly as Dr. Adam Smith does, who says, in a letter to Mr.
+Strahan the Printer (not a confidential letter to his friend, but a
+letter which is published[75] with all formality:) 'Upon the whole, I
+have always considered him, both in his life time and since his death,
+as approaching as nearly to the idea of a perfectly wise and virtuous
+man as perhaps the nature of human frailty will permit.' Let Dr. Smith
+consider: Was not Mr. Hume blest with good health, good spirits, good
+friends, a competent and increasing fortune? And had he not also a
+perpetual feast of fame[76]? But, as a learned friend has observed to
+me, 'What trials did he undergo to prove the perfection of his virtue?
+Did he ever experience any great instance of adversity?'--When I read
+this sentence delivered by my old _Professor of Moral Philosophy_, I
+could not help exclaiming with the _Psalmist_, 'Surely I have now more
+understanding than my teachers[77]!'
+
+While we were talking, there came a note to me from Dr. William
+Robertson.
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+   'I have been expecting every day to hear from you, of Dr. Johnson's
+arrival. Pray, what do you know about his motions? I long
+to take him by the hand. I write this from the college, where I have
+only this scrap of paper. Ever yours,
+
+'W. R.'
+
+'Sunday.'
+
+It pleased me to find Dr. Robertson thus eager to meet Dr. Johnson. I
+was glad I could answer, that he was come: and I begged Dr. Robertson
+might be with us as soon as he could.
+
+Sir William Forbes, Mr. Scott, Mr. Arbuthnot, and another gentleman
+dined with us. 'Come, Dr. Johnson, (said I,) it is commonly thought that
+our veal in Scotland is not good. But here is some which I believe you
+will like.' There was no catching him. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, what is
+commonly thought, I should take to be true. _Your_ veal may be good; but
+that will only be an exception to the general opinion; not a proof
+against it.'
+
+Dr. Robertson, according to the custom of Edinburgh at that time, dined
+in the interval between the forenoon and afternoon service, which was
+then later than now; so we had not the pleasure of his company till
+dinner was over, when he came and drank wine with us. And then began
+some animated dialogue[78], of which here follows a pretty full note.
+
+We talked of Mr. Burke. Dr. Johnson said, he had great variety of
+knowledge, store of imagery, copiousness of language. ROBERTSON. 'He has
+wit too.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; he never succeeds there. 'Tis low; 'tis
+conceit. I used to say, Burke never once made a good joke[79]. What I
+most envy Burke for, is his being constantly the same. He is never what
+we call hum-drum; never unwilling to begin to talk, nor in haste to
+leave off.' BOSWELL. 'Yet he can listen.' JOHNSON. 'No: I cannot say he
+is good at that[80]. So desirous is he to talk, that, if one is speaking
+at this end of the table, he'll speak to somebody at the other end.
+Burke, Sir, is such a man, that if you met him for the first time in the
+street where you were stopped by a drove of oxen, and you and he stepped
+aside to take shelter but for five minutes, he'd talk to you in such a
+manner, that, when you parted, you would say, this is an extraordinary
+man[81]. Now, you may be long enough with me, without finding any thing
+extraordinary.' He said, he believed Burke was intended for the law; but
+either had not money enough to follow it, or had not diligence
+enough[82]. He said, he could not understand how a man could apply to
+one thing, and not to another. ROBERTSON said, one man had more
+judgment, another more imagination. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; it is only, one
+man has more mind than another. He may direct it differently; he may, by
+accident, see the success of one kind of study, and take a desire to
+excel in it. I am persuaded that, had Sir Isaac Newton applied to
+poetry, he would have made a very fine epick poem. I could as easily
+apply to law as to tragick poetry.' BOSWELL. 'Yet, Sir, you did apply to
+tragick poetry, not to law.' JOHNSON. 'Because, Sir, I had not money to
+study law. Sir, the man who has vigour, may walk to the east, just as
+well as to the west, if he happens to turn his head that way[83].'
+BOSWELL. 'But, Sir, 'tis like walking up and down a hill; one man will
+naturally do the one better than the other. A hare will run up a hill
+best, from her fore-legs being short; a dog down.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir;
+that is from mechanical powers. If you make mind mechanical, you may
+argue in that manner. One mind is a vice, and holds fast; there's a good
+memory. Another is a file; and he is a disputant, a controversialist.
+Another is a razor; and he is sarcastical.' We talked of Whitefield. He
+said he was at the same college with him[84], and knew him _before he
+began to be better than other people_ (smiling;) that he believed he
+sincerely meant well, but had a mixture of politicks and ostentation:
+whereas Wesley thought of religion only[85]. ROBERTSON said, Whitefield
+had strong natural eloquence, which, if cultivated, would have done
+great things. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, I take it, he was at the height of
+what his abilities could do, and was sensible of it. He had the ordinary
+advantages of education; but he chose to pursue that oratory which is
+for the mob[86].' BOSWELL. 'He had great effect on the passions.'
+JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, I don't think so. He could not represent a
+succession of pathetic images. He vociferated, and made an impression.
+_There_, again, was a mind like a hammer.' Dr. Johnson now said, a
+certain eminent political friend of our's[87] was wrong, in his maxim of
+sticking to a certain set of _men_ on all occasions. 'I can see that a
+man may do right to stick to a _party_ (said he;) that is to say, he is
+a _Whig_, or he is a _Tory_, and he thinks one of those parties upon the
+whole the best, and that to make it prevail, it must be generally
+supported, though, in particulars it may be wrong. He takes its faggot
+of principles, in which there are fewer rotten sticks than in the other,
+though some rotten sticks to be sure; and they cannot well be separated.
+But, to bind one's self to one man, or one set of men, (who may be right
+to-day and wrong to-morrow,) without any general preference of system, I
+must disapprove[88].'
+
+He told us of Cooke, who translated Hesiod, and lived twenty years on a
+translation of Plautus, for which he was always taking subscriptions;
+and that he presented Foote to a Club, in the following singular manner:
+'This is the nephew of the gentleman who was lately hung in chains for
+murdering his brother[89].'  In the evening I introduced to Mr.
+Johnson[90] two good friends of mine, Mr. William Nairne, Advocate, and
+Mr. Hamilton of Sundrum, my neighbour in the country, both of whom
+supped with us. I have preserved nothing of what passed, except that Dr.
+Johnson displayed another of his heterodox opinions,--a contempt of
+tragick acting[91]. He said, 'the action of all players in tragedy is
+bad. It should be a man's study to repress those signs of emotion and
+passion, as they are called.' He was of a directly contrary opinion to
+that of Fielding, in his _Tom Jones_; who makes Partridge say, of
+Garrick, 'why, I could act as well as he myself. I am sure, if I had
+seen a ghost, I should have looked in the very same manner, and done
+just as he did[92].' For, when I asked him, 'Would you not, Sir, start
+as Mr. Garrick does, if you saw a ghost?' He answered, 'I hope not. If I
+did, I should frighten the ghost.'
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, AUGUST 16.
+
+Dr. William Robertson came to breakfast. We talked of _Ogden on Prayer_.
+Dr. Johnson said, 'The same arguments which are used against GOD'S
+hearing prayer, will serve against his rewarding good, and punishing
+evil. He has resolved, he has declared, in the former case as in the
+latter.' He had last night looked into Lord Hailes's _Remarks on the
+History of Scotland_. Dr. Robertson and I said, it was a pity Lord
+Hailes did not write greater things. His lordship had not then published
+his _Annals of Scotland_[93]. JOHNSON. 'I remember I was once on a
+visit at the house of a lady for whom I had a high respect. There was a
+good deal of company in the room. When they were gone, I said to this
+lady, "What foolish talking have we had!" "Yes, (said she,) but while
+they talked, you said nothing." I was struck with the reproof. How much
+better is the man who does anything that is innocent, than he who does
+nothing. Besides, I love anecdotes[94]. I fancy mankind may come, in
+time, to write all aphoristically, except in narrative; grow weary of
+preparation, and connection, and illustration, and all those arts by
+which a big book is made. If a man is to wait till he weaves anecdotes
+into a system, we may be long in getting them, and get but few, in
+comparison of what we might get.
+
+Dr. Robertson said, the notions of _Eupham Macallan_, a fanatick woman,
+of whom Lord Hailes gives a sketch, were still prevalent among some of
+the Presbyterians; and therefore it was right in Lord Hailes, a man of
+known piety, to undeceive them[95].
+
+We walked out[96], that Dr. Johnson might see some of the things which
+we have to shew at Edinburgh. We went to the Parliament-House[97],
+where the Parliament of Scotland sat, and where the _Ordinary Lords_ of
+Session hold their courts; and to the New Session-House adjoining to it,
+where our Court of Fifteen (the fourteen _Ordinaries_, with the Lord
+President at their head,) sit as a court of Review. We went to the
+_Advocates Library_[98], of which Dr. Johnson took a cursory view, and
+then to what is called the _Laigh_[99] (or under) Parliament-House,
+where the records of Scotland, which has an universal security by
+register, are deposited, till the great Register Office be finished. I
+was pleased to behold Dr. Samuel Johnson rolling about in this old
+magazine of antiquities. There was, by this time, a pretty numerous
+circle of us attending upon him. Somebody talked of happy moments for
+composition; and how a man can write at one time, and not at another.
+'Nay, (said Dr. Johnson,) a man may write at any time, if he will set
+himself _doggedly_[100] to it.'
+
+I here began to indulge _old Scottish_[101] sentiments, and to express a
+warm regret, that, by our Union with _England_, we were no more;--our
+independent kingdom was lost[102]. JOHNSON. 'Sir, never talk of your
+independency, who could let your Queen remain twenty years in captivity,
+and then be put to death, without even a pretence of justice, without
+your ever attempting to rescue her; and such a Queen too; as every man
+of any gallantry of spirit would have sacrificed his life for[103].'
+Worthy Mr. JAMES KERR, Keeper of the Records. 'Half our nation was
+bribed by English money.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, that is no defence: that makes
+you worse.' Good Mr. BROWN, Keeper of the Advocates' Library. 'We had
+better say nothing about it.' BOSWELL. 'You would have been glad,
+however, to have had us last war, sir, to fight your battles!' JOHNSON.
+'We should have had you for the same price, though there had been no
+Union, as we might have had Swiss, or other troops. No, no, I shall
+agree to a separation. You have only to _go home_.' Just as he had said
+this, I, to divert the subject, shewed him the signed assurances of the
+three successive Kings of the Hanover family, to maintain the
+Presbyterian establishment in Scotland. 'We'll give you that (said he)
+into the bargain.'
+
+We next went to the great church of St. Giles, which has lost its
+original magnificence in the inside, by being divided into four places
+of Presbyterian worship[104]. 'Come, (said Dr. Johnson jocularly to
+Principal Robertson[105],) let me see what was once a church!' We
+entered that division which was formerly called the _New Church_, and of
+late the _High Church_, so well known by the eloquence of Dr. Hugh
+Blair. It is now very elegantly fitted up; but it was then shamefully
+dirty[106]. Dr. Johnson said nothing at the time; but when we came to
+the great door of the Royal Infirmary, where upon a board was this
+inscription, '_Clean your feet!_' he turned about slyly and said, 'There
+is no occasion for putting this at the doors of your churches!'
+
+We then conducted him down the Post-house stairs, Parliament-close, and
+made him look up from the Cow-gate to the highest building in Edinburgh,
+(from which he had just descended,) being thirteen floors or stories
+from the ground upon the back elevation; the front wall being built upon
+the edge of the hill, and the back wall rising from the bottom of the
+hill several stories before it comes to a level with the front wall. We
+proceeded to the College, with the Principal at our head. Dr. Adam
+Fergusson, whose _Essay on the History of Civil Society[107]_ gives him
+a respectable place in the ranks of literature, was with us. As the
+College buildings[108] are indeed very mean, the Principal said to Dr.
+Johnson, that he must give them the same epithet that a Jesuit did when
+shewing a poor college abroad: '_Hae miseriae nostrae_.' Dr. Johnson
+was, however, much pleased with the library, and with the conversation
+of Dr. James Robertson, Professor of Oriental Languages, the Librarian.
+We talked of Kennicot's edition of the Hebrew Bible[109], and hoped it
+would be quite faithful. JOHNSON. 'Sir, I know not any crime so great
+that a man could contrive to commit, as poisoning the sources of
+eternal truth.'
+
+I pointed out to him where there formerly stood an old wall enclosing
+part of the college, which I remember bulged out in a threatening
+manner, and of which there was a common tradition similar to that
+concerning _Bacon's_ study at Oxford, that it would fall upon some very
+learned man[110]. It had some time before this been taken down, that the
+street might be widened, and a more convenient wall built. Dr. Johnson,
+glad of an opportunity to have a pleasant hit at Scottish learning,
+said, 'they have been afraid it never would fall.'
+
+We shewed him the Royal Infirmary, for which, and for every other
+exertion of generous publick spirit in his power, that noble-minded
+citizen of Edinburgh, George Drummond, will be ever held in honourable
+remembrance. And we were too proud not to carry him to the Abbey of
+Holyrood-house, that beautiful piece of architecture, but, alas! that
+deserted mansion of royalty, which Hamilton of Bangour, in one of his
+elegant poems, calls
+
+     'A virtuous palace, where no monarch dwells[111].'
+
+I was much entertained while Principal Robertson fluently harangued to
+Dr. Johnson, upon the spot, concerning scenes of his celebrated _History
+of Scotland_. We surveyed that part of the palace appropriated to the
+Duke of Hamilton, as Keeper, in which our beautiful Queen Mary lived,
+and in which David Rizzio was murdered; and also the State Rooms. Dr.
+Johnson was a great reciter of all sorts of things serious or comical. I
+overheard him repeating here in a kind of muttering tone, a line of the
+old ballad, _Johnny Armstrong's Last Good Night_:
+
+     'And ran him through the fair body[112]!'
+
+We returned to my house, where there met him, at dinner, the Duchess of
+Douglas[113], Sir Adolphus Oughton, Lord Chief Baron, Sir William
+Forbes, Principal Robertson, Mr. Cullen[114], Advocate. Before dinner he
+told us of a curious conversation between the famous George
+Faulkner[115] and him. George said that England had drained Ireland of
+fifty thousand pounds in specie, annually, for fifty years. 'How so,
+Sir! (said Dr. Johnson,) you must have a very great trade?' 'No trade.'
+'Very rich mines?' 'No mines.' 'From whence, then, does all this money
+come?' 'Come! why out of the blood and bowels of the poor people
+of Ireland!'
+
+He seemed to me to have an unaccountable prejudice against Swift[116];
+for I once took the liberty to ask him, if Swift had personally offended
+him, and he told me he had not. He said to-day, 'Swift is clear, but he
+is shallow. In coarse humour, he is inferior to Arbuthnot[117]; in
+delicate humour, he is inferior to Addison. So he is inferior to his
+contemporaries; without putting him against the whole world. I doubt if
+the _Tale of a Tub_ was his[118]: it has so much more thinking, more
+knowledge, more power, more colour, than any of the works which are
+indisputably his. If it was his, I shall only say, he was _impar
+sibi_[119].'
+
+We gave him as good a dinner as we could. Our Scotch muir-fowl, or
+growse, were then abundant, and quite in season; and so far as wisdom
+and wit can be aided by administering agreeable sensations to the
+palate, my wife took care that our great guest should not be deficient.
+
+Sir Adolphus Oughton, then our Deputy Commander in Chief, who was not
+only an excellent officer, but one of the most universal scholars I ever
+knew, had learned the Erse language, and expressed his belief in the
+authenticity of Ossian's Poetry[120]. Dr. Johnson took the opposite side
+of that perplexed question; and I was afraid the dispute would have run
+high between them. But Sir Adolphus, who had a very sweet temper,
+changed the discourse, grew playful, laughed at Lord Monboddo's[121]
+notion of men having tails, and called him a Judge, _à posteriori_,
+which amused Dr. Johnson; and thus hostilities were prevented.
+
+At supper[122] we had Dr. Cullen, his son the advocate, Dr. Adam
+Fergusson, and Mr. Crosbie, advocate. Witchcraft was introduced[123].
+Mr. Crosbie said, he thought it the greatest blasphemy to suppose evil
+spirits counteracting the Deity, and raising storms, for instance, to
+destroy his creatures. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, if moral evil be consistent
+with the government of the Deity, why may not physical evil be also
+consistent with it? It is not more strange that there should be evil
+spirits, than evil men: evil unembodied spirits, than evil embodied
+spirits. And as to storms, we know there are such things; and it is no
+worse that evil spirits raise them, than that they rise.' CROSBIE. 'But
+it is not credible, that witches should have effected what they are said
+in stories to have done.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, I am not defending their
+credibility. I am only saying, that your arguments are not good, and
+will not overturn the belief of witchcraft.--(Dr. Fergusson said to me,
+aside, 'He is right.')--And then, Sir, you have all mankind, rude and
+civilized, agreeing in the belief of the agency of preternatural powers.
+You must take evidence: you must consider, that wise and great men have
+condemned witches to die[124].' CROSBIE. 'But an act of parliament put
+an end to witchcraft[125].' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; witchcraft had ceased;
+and therefore an act of parliament was passed to prevent persecution for
+what was not witchcraft. Why it ceased, we cannot tell, as we cannot
+tell the reason of many other things.'--Dr. Cullen, to keep up the
+gratification of mysterious disquisition, with the grave address for
+which he is remarkable in his companionable as in his professional
+hours, talked, in a very entertaining manner, of people walking and
+conversing in their sleep. I am very sorry I have no note of this. We
+talked of the _Ouran-Outang_, and of Lord Monboddo's thinking that he
+might be taught to speak. Dr. Johnson treated this with ridicule. Mr.
+Crosbie said, that Lord Monboddo believed the existence of every thing
+possible; in short, that all which is in _posse_ might be found in
+_esse_. JOHNSON. 'But, Sir, it is as possible that the _Ouran-Outang_
+does not speak, as that he speaks. However, I shall not contest the
+point. I should have thought it not possible to find a Monboddo; yet
+_he_ exists.' I again mentioned the stage. JOHNSON. 'The appearance of a
+player, with whom I have drunk tea, counteracts the imagination that he
+is the character he represents. Nay, you know, nobody imagines that he
+is the character he represents. They say, "See _Garrick!_ how he looks
+to night! See how he'll clutch the dagger!" That is the buz of the
+theatre[126].'
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, AUGUST 17.
+
+Sir William Forbes came to breakfast, and brought with him Dr.
+Blacklock[127], whom he introduced to Dr. Johnson, who received him with
+a most humane complacency; 'Dear Dr. Blacklock, I am glad to see you!'
+Blacklock seemed to be much surprized, when Dr. Johnson said, 'it was
+easier to him to write poetry than to compose his _Dictionary_[128]. His
+mind was less on the stretch in doing the one than the other. Besides;
+composing a _Dictionary_ requires books and a desk: you can make a poem
+walking in the fields, or lying in bed. Dr. Blacklock spoke of
+scepticism in morals and religion, with apparent uneasiness, as if he
+wished for more certainty[129]. Dr. Johnson, who had thought it all
+over, and whose vigorous understanding was fortified by much experience,
+thus encouraged the blind Bard to apply to higher speculations what we
+all willingly submit to in common life: in short, he gave him more
+familiarly the able and fair reasoning of Butler's _Analogy_: 'Why, Sir,
+the greatest concern we have in this world, the choice of our
+profession, must be determined without demonstrative reasoning. Human
+life is not yet so well known, as that we can have it. And take the case
+of a man who is ill. I call two physicians: they differ in opinion. I am
+not to lie down, and die between them: I must do something.' The
+conversation then turned on Atheism; on that horrible book, _Système de
+la Nature_[130]; and on the supposition of an eternal necessity, without
+design, without a governing mind. JOHNSON. 'If it were so, why has it
+ceased? Why don't we see men thus produced around us now? Why, at least,
+does it not keep pace, in some measure, with the progress of time? If
+it stops because there is now no need of it, then it is plain there is,
+and ever has been, an all powerful intelligence. But stay! (said he,
+with one of his satyrick laughs[131].) Ha! ha! ha! I shall suppose
+Scotchmen made necessarily, and Englishmen by choice.'
+
+At dinner this day, we had Sir Alexander Dick, whose amiable character,
+and ingenious and cultivated mind, are so generally known; (he was then
+on the verge of seventy, and is now (1785) eighty-one, with his
+faculties entire, his heart warm, and his temper gay;) Sir David
+Dalrymple, Lord Hailes; Mr. Maclaurin[132], advocate; Dr. Gregory, who
+now worthily fills his father's medical chair[133]; and my uncle, Dr.
+Boswell. This was one of Dr. Johnson's best days. He was quite in his
+element. All was literature and taste, without any interruption. Lord
+Hailes, who is one of the best philologists in Great Britain, who has
+written papers in _The World_[134], and a variety of other works in
+prose and in verse, both Latin and English, pleased him highly. He told
+him, he had discovered the life of _Cheynel_, in _The Student_[135], to
+be his. JOHNSON. 'No one else knows it.' Dr. Johnson had, before this,
+dictated to me a law-paper, upon a question purely in the law of
+Scotland, concerning _vicious intromission_[136], that is to say,
+intermeddling with the effects of a deceased person, without a regular
+title; which formerly was understood to subject the intermeddler to
+payment of all the defunct's debts. The principle has of late been
+relaxed. Dr. Johnson's argument was, for a renewal of its strictness.
+The paper was printed, with additions by me, and given into the Court of
+Session. Lord Hailes knew Dr. Johnson's part not to be mine, and pointed
+out exactly where it began, and where it ended. Dr. Johnson said, 'It is
+much, now, that his lordship can distinguish so.'  In Dr. Johnson's
+_Vanity of Human Wishes_, there is the following passage:--
+
+     'The teeming mother, anxious for her race,
+      Begs, for each birth, the fortune of a face:
+      Yet _Vane_ could tell, what ills from beauty spring,
+      And _Sedley_ curs'd the charms which pleas'd a king[137].'
+
+Lord Hailes told him, he was mistaken in the instances he had given of
+unfortunate fair ones; for neither _Vane_ nor _Sedley_ had a title to
+that description. His Lordship has since been so obliging as to send me
+a note of this, for the communication of which I am sure my readers
+will thank me.
+
+'The lines in the tenth Satire of Juvenal, according to my alteration,
+should have run thus:--
+
+     'Yet _Shore_[138] could tell-----;
+      And _Valiere_[139] curs'd------.'
+
+'The first was a penitent by compulsion, the second by sentiment; though
+the truth is, Mademoiselle de la Valiere threw herself (but still from
+sentiment) in the King's way.
+
+'Our friend chose _Vane_[140], who was far from being well-looked; and
+_Sedley_, who was so ugly, that Charles II. said, his brother had her by
+way of penance[141].'
+
+Mr. Maclaurin's learning and talents enabled him to do his part very
+well in Dr. Johnson's company. He produced two epitaphs upon his
+father, the celebrated mathematician[142]. One was in English, of which
+Dr. Johnson did not change one word. In the other, which was in Latin,
+he made several alterations. In place of the very words of _Virgil_,
+'_Ubi luctus et pavor et plurima mortis imago_[143],' he wrote '_Ubi
+luctus regnant et pavor_.' He introduced the word _prorsus_ into the
+line '_Mortalibus prorsus non absit solatium_,' and after '_Hujus enim
+scripta evolve_,' he added '_Mentemque tantarum rerum capacem corpori
+caduco superstitem crede_;' which is quite applicable to Dr. Johnson
+himself[144].
+
+Mr. Murray, advocate, who married a niece of Lord Mansfield's, and is
+now one of the judges of Scotland, by the title of Lord _Henderland_,
+sat with us a part of the evening; but did not venture to say any thing,
+that I remember, though he is certainly possessed of talents which would
+have enabled him to have shewn himself to advantage, if too great
+anxiety had not prevented him.
+
+At supper we had Dr. Alexander Webster, who, though not, learned, had
+such a knowledge of mankind, such a fund of information and
+entertainment, so clear a head and such accommodating manners, that Dr.
+Johnson found him a very agreeable companion.
+
+When Dr. Johnson and I were left by ourselves, I read to him my notes of
+the Opinions of our Judges upon the questions of Literary Property[145].
+He did not like them; and said, 'they make me think of your Judges not
+with that respect which I should wish to do.' To the argument of one of
+them, that there can be no property in blasphemy or nonsense, he
+answered, 'then your rotten sheep are mine! By that rule, when a man's
+house falls into decay, he must lose it.' I mentioned an argument of
+mine, that literary performances are not taxed. As _Churchill_ says,
+
+     'No statesman yet has thought it worth his pains
+      To tax our labours, or excise our brains[146];'
+
+and therefore they are not property. 'Yet, (said he,) we hang a man for
+stealing a horse, and horses are not taxed.' Mr. Pitt has since put an
+end to that argument[147].
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 18.
+
+On this day we set out from Edinburgh. We should gladly have had Mr.
+Scott to go with us; but he was obliged to return to England.--I have
+given a sketch of Dr. Johnson: my readers may wish to know a little of
+his fellow traveller[148]. Think then, of a gentleman of ancient blood,
+the pride of which was his predominant passion. He was then in his
+thirty-third year, and had been about four years happily married. His
+inclination was to be a soldier[149]; but his father, a respectable[150]
+Judge, had pressed him into the profession of the law. He had travelled
+a good deal, and seen many varieties of human life. He had thought more
+than any body supposed, and had a pretty good stock of general learning
+and knowledge[151]. He had all Dr. Johnson's principles, with some
+degree of relaxation. He had rather too little, than too much prudence;
+and, his imagination being lively, he often said things of which the
+effect was very different from the intention[152]. He resembled sometimes
+
+     'The best good man, with the worst natur'd muse[153].'
+
+He cannot deny himself the vanity of finishing with the encomium of Dr.
+Johnson, whose friendly partiality to the companion of his Tour
+represents him as one 'whose acuteness would help my enquiry, and whose
+gaiety of conversation, and civility of manners, are sufficient to
+counteract the inconveniences of travel, in countries less hospitable
+than we have passed[154].'  Dr. Johnson thought it unnecessary to put
+himself to the additional expence of bringing with him Francis Barber,
+his faithful black servant; so we were attended only by my man, Joseph
+Ritter, a Bohemian; a fine stately fellow above six feet high, who had
+been over a great part of Europe, and spoke many languages. He was the
+best servant I ever saw. Let not my readers disdain his introduction!
+For Dr. Johnson gave him this character: 'Sir, he is a civil man, and a
+wise man[155].'
+
+From an erroneous apprehension of violence, Dr. Johnson had provided a
+pair of pistols, some gunpowder, and a quantity of bullets: but upon
+being assured we should run no risk of meeting any robbers, he left his
+arms and ammunition in an open drawer, of which he gave my wife the
+charge. He also left in that drawer one volume of a pretty full and
+curious Diary of his Life, of which I have a few fragments; but the book
+has been destroyed. I wish female curiosity had been strong enough to
+have had it all transcribed; which might easily have been done; and I
+should think the theft, being _pro bono publico_, might have been
+forgiven. But I may be wrong. My wife told me she never once looked into
+it[156].--She did not seem quite easy when we left her: but away
+we went!
+
+Mr. Nairne, advocate, was to go with us as far as St. Andrews. It gives
+me pleasure that, by mentioning his _name_, I connect his title to the
+just and handsome compliment paid him by Dr. Johnson, in his book: 'A
+gentleman who could stay with us only long enough to make us know how
+much we lost by his leaving us[157]. 'When we came to Leith, I talked
+with perhaps too boasting an air, how pretty the Frith of Forth looked;
+as indeed, after the prospect from Constantinople, of which I have been
+told, and that from Naples, which I have seen, I believe the view of
+that Frith and its environs, from the Castle-hill of Edinburgh, is the
+finest prospect in Europe. 'Ay, (said Dr. Johnson,) that is the state of
+the world. Water is the same every where.
+
+     "Una est injusti caerula forma maris[158]."'
+
+I told him the port here was the mouth of the river or water of _Leith_.
+'Not _Lethe_; said Mr. Nairne. 'Why, Sir, (said Dr. Johnson,) when a
+Scotchman sets out from this port for England, he forgets his native
+country.' NAIRNE. 'I hope, Sir, you will forget England here.' JOHNSON.
+'Then 'twill still be more _Lethe_' He observed of the Pier or Quay,
+'you have no occasion for so large a one: your trade does not require
+it: but you are like a shopkeeper who takes a shop, not only for what he
+has to put in it, but that it may be believed he has a great deal to put
+into it.' It is very true, that there is now, comparatively, little
+trade upon the eastern coast of Scotland. The riches of Glasgow shew how
+much there is in the west; and perhaps we shall find trade travel
+westward on a great scale, as well as a small.
+
+We talked of a man's drowning himself. JOHNSON. 'I should never think it
+time to make away with myself.' I put the case of Eustace Budgell[159],
+who was accused of forging a will, and sunk himself in the Thames,
+before the trial of its authenticity came on. 'Suppose, Sir, (said I,)
+that a man is absolutely sure, that, if he lives a few days longer, he
+shall be detected in a fraud, the consequence of which will be utter
+disgrace and expulsion from society.' JOHNSON. 'Then, Sir, let him go
+abroad to a distant country; let him go to some place where he is _not_
+known. Don't let him go to the devil where he _is_ known!'
+
+He then said, 'I see a number of people bare-footed here: I suppose you
+all went so before the Union. Boswell, your ancestors went so, when they
+had as much land as your family has now. Yet _Auchinleck_ is the _Field
+of Stones_: there would be bad going bare-footed there. The _Lairds_,
+however, did it.' I bought some _speldings_, fish (generally whitings)
+salted and dried in a particular manner, being dipped in the sea and
+dried in the sun, and eaten by the Scots by way of a relish. He had
+never seen them, though they are sold in London. I insisted on
+_scottifying_[160] his palate; but he was very reluctant. With
+difficulty I prevailed with him to let a bit of one of them lie in his
+mouth. He did not like it.
+
+In crossing the Frith, Dr. Johnson determined that we should land upon
+Inch Keith[161]. On approaching it, we first observed a high rocky
+shore. We coasted about, and put into a little bay on the North-west. We
+clambered up a very steep ascent, on which was very good grass, but
+rather a profusion of thistles. There were sixteen head of black cattle
+grazing upon the island. Lord Hailes observed to me, that Brantome calls
+it _L'isle des Chevaux_, and that it was probably 'a _safer_ stable'
+than many others in his time. The fort[162], with an inscription on
+it, _Maria Re_ 1564, is strongly built. Dr. Johnson examined it with much
+attention. He stalked like a giant among the luxuriant thistles and
+nettles. There are three wells in the island; but we could not find one
+in the fort. There must probably have been one, though now filled up, as
+a garrison could not subsist without it. But I have dwelt too long on
+this little spot. Dr. Johnson afterwards bade me try to write a
+description of our discovering Inch Keith, in the usual style of
+travellers, describing fully every particular; stating the grounds on
+which we concluded that it must have once been inhabited, and
+introducing many sage reflections; and we should see how a thing might
+be covered in words, so as to induce people to come and survey it. All
+that was told might be true, and yet in reality there might be nothing
+to see. He said, 'I'd have this island. I'd build a house, make a good
+landing-place, have a garden, and vines, and all sorts of trees. A rich
+man, of a hospitable turn, here, would have many visitors from
+Edinburgh.' When we got into our boat again, he called to me, 'Come,
+now, pay a classical compliment to the island on quitting it.' I
+happened luckily, in allusion to the beautiful Queen Mary, whose name is
+upon the fort, to think of what Virgil makes Aeneas say, on having left
+the country of his charming Dido.
+
+     'Invitus, regina, tuo de littore cessi[163].'
+
+'Very well hit off!' said he.
+
+We dined at Kinghorn, and then got into a post-chaise[164]. Mr. Nairne
+and his servant, and Joseph, rode by us. We stopped at Cupar, and drank
+tea. We talked of parliament; and I said, I supposed very few of the
+members knew much of what was going on, as indeed very few gentlemen
+know much of their own private affairs. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, if a man is
+not of a sluggish mind, he may be his own steward. If he will look into
+his affairs, he will soon learn[165]. So it is as to publick affairs.
+There must always be a certain number of men of business in parliament.'
+BOSWELL. 'But consider, Sir; what is the House of Commons? Is not a
+great part of it chosen by peers? Do you think, Sir, they ought to have
+such an influence?' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir. Influence must ever be in
+proportion to property; and it is right it should[166].' BOSWELL. 'But
+is there not reason to fear that the common people may be oppressed?'
+JOHNSON. 'No, Sir. Our great fear is from want of power in government.
+Such a storm of vulgar force has broke in.' BOSWELL. 'It has only
+roared.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, it has roared, till the Judges in
+Westminster-Hall have been afraid to pronounce sentence in opposition to
+the popular cry[167]. You are frightened by what is no longer dangerous,
+like Presbyterians by Popery.' He then repeated a passage, I think, in
+_Butler's Remains_, which ends, 'and would cry, Fire! Fire! in Noah's
+flood[168].'
+
+We had a dreary drive, in a dusky night, to St. Andrews, where we
+arrived late. We found a good supper at Glass's inn, and Dr. Johnson
+revived agreeably. He said, 'the collection called _The Muses' Welcome
+to King James_, (first of England, and sixth of Scotland,) on his return
+to his native kingdom, shewed that there was then abundance of learning
+in Scotland; and that the conceits in that collection, with which people
+find fault, were mere mode.' He added, 'we could not now entertain a
+sovereign so; that Buchanan had spread the spirit of learning amongst
+us, but we had lost it during the civil wars[169].' He did not allow the
+Latin Poetry of Pitcairne so much merit as has been usually attributed
+to it; though he owned that one of his pieces, which he mentioned, but
+which I am sorry is not specified in my notes, was, 'very well.' It is
+not improbable that it was the poem which Prior has so elegantly
+translated[170].
+
+After supper, we made a _procession_ to _Saint Leonard's College_, the
+landlord walking before us with a candle, and the waiter with a lantern.
+That college had some time before been dissolved; and Dr. Watson, a
+professor here, (the historian of Philip II.) had purchased the ground,
+and what buildings remained. When we entered this court, it seemed quite
+academical; and we found in his house very comfortable and genteel
+accommodation[171].
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, AUGUST 19.
+
+We rose much refreshed. I had with me a map of Scotland, a bible which
+was given me by Lord Mountstuart when we were together in Italy[172],
+and Ogden's _Sermons on Prayer_; Mr. Nairne introduced us to Dr. Watson,
+whom we found a well-informed man, of very amiable manners. Dr. Johnson,
+after they were acquainted, said, 'I take great delight in him.' His
+daughter, a very pleasing young lady, made breakfast. Dr. Watson
+observed, that Glasgow University had fewer home-students, since trade
+increased, as learning was rather incompatible with it. JOHNSON. 'Why,
+Sir, as trade is now carried on by subordinate hands, men in trade have
+as much leisure as others; and now learning itself is a trade. A man
+goes to a bookseller, and gets what he can. We have done with
+patronage[173]. In the infancy of learning, we find some great man
+praised for it. This diffused it among others. When it becomes general,
+an authour leaves the great, and applies to the multitude.' BOSWELL. 'It
+is a shame that authours are not now better patronized.' JOHNSON. 'No,
+Sir. If learning cannot support a man, if he must sit with his hands
+across till somebody feeds him, it is as to him a bad thing, and it is
+better as it is. With patronage, what flattery! what falsehood! While a
+man is in equilibrio, he throws truth among the multitude, and lets them
+take it as they please: in patronage, he must say what pleases his
+patron, and it is an equal chance whether that be truth or falsehood.'
+WATSON. 'But is not the case now, that, instead of flattering one
+person, we flatter the age?' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir. The world always lets a
+man tell what he thinks, his own way. I wonder, however, that so many
+people have written, who might have let it alone. That people should
+endeavour to excel in conversation, I do not wonder; because in
+conversation praise is instantly reverberated[174].'
+
+We talked of change of manners. Dr. Johnson observed, that our drinking
+less than our ancestors was owing to the change from ale to wine.' I
+remember, (said he,) when all the _decent_ people in Lichfield got drunk
+every night, and were not the worse thought of[175]. Ale was cheap, so
+you pressed strongly. When a man must bring a bottle of wine, he is not
+in such haste. Smoking has gone out. To be sure, it is a shocking thing,
+blowing smoke out of our mouths into other people's mouths, eyes, and
+noses, and having the same thing done to us. Yet I cannot account, why a
+thing which requires so little exertion, and yet preserves the mind from
+total vacuity, should have gone out[176]. Every man has something by
+which he calms himself: beating with his feet, or so[177]. I remember
+when people in England changed a shirt only once a week[178]: a Pandour,
+when he gets a shirt, greases it to make it last. Formerly, good
+tradesmen had no fire but in the kitchen; never in the parlour, except
+on Sunday. My father, who was a magistrate of Lichfield, lived thus.
+They never began to have a fire in the parlour, but on leaving off
+business, or some great revolution of their life.' Dr. Watson said, the
+hall was as a kitchen, in old squires' houses. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir. The
+hall was for great occasions, and never was used for domestick
+refection[179].' We talked of the Union, and what money it had brought
+into Scotland. Dr. Watson observed, that a little money formerly went as
+far as a great deal now. JOHNSON. 'In speculation, it seems that a
+smaller quantity of money, equal in value to a larger quantity, if
+equally divided, should produce the same effect. But it is not so in
+reality. Many more conveniences and elegancies are enjoyed where money
+is plentiful, than where it is scarce. Perhaps a great familiarity with
+it, which arises from plenty, makes us more easily part with it.'
+
+After what Dr. Johnson had said of St. Andrews, which he had long wished
+to see, as our oldest university, and the seat of our Primate in the
+days of episcopacy, I can say little. Since the publication of Dr.
+Johnson's book, I find that he has been censured for not seeing here
+the ancient chapel of _St. Rule_, a curious piece of sacred
+architecture.[180] But this was neither his fault nor mine. We were both
+of us abundantly desirous of surveying such sort of antiquities: but
+neither of us knew of this. I am afraid the censure must fall on those
+who did not tell us of it. In every place, where there is any thing
+worthy of observation, there should be a short printed directory for
+strangers, such as we find in all the towns of Italy, and in some of the
+towns in England. I was told that there is a manuscript account of St.
+Andrews, by Martin, secretary to Archbishop Sharp;[181] and that one
+Douglas has published a small account of it. I inquired at a
+bookseller's, but could not get it. Dr. Johnson's veneration for the
+Hierarchy is well known.[182] There is no wonder then, that he was
+affected with a strong indignation, while he beheld the ruins of
+religious magnificence. I happened to ask where John Knox was buried.
+Dr. Johnson burst out, 'I hope in the high-way.[183] I have been looking
+at his reformations.'[184]  It was a very fine day. Dr. Johnson seemed
+quite wrapt up in the contemplation of the scenes which were now
+presented to him. He kept his hat off while he was upon any part of the
+ground where the cathedral had stood. He said well, that 'Knox had set
+on a mob, without knowing where it would end; and that differing from a
+man in doctrine was no reason why you should pull his house about his
+ears.' As we walked in the cloisters, there was a solemn echo, while he
+talked loudly of a proper retirement from the world. Mr. Nairne said, he
+had an inclination to retire. I called Dr. Johnson's attention to this,
+that I might hear his opinion if it was right. JOHNSON. 'Yes, when he
+has done his duty to society[185]. In general, as every man is obliged
+not only to "love GOD, but his neighbour as himself," he must bear his
+part in active life; yet there are exceptions. Those who are exceedingly
+scrupulous, (which I do not approve, for I am no friend to
+scruples[186],) and find their scrupulosity[187] invincible, so that
+they are quite in the dark, and know not what they shall do,--or those
+who cannot resist temptations, and find they make themselves worse by
+being in the world, without making it better, may retire[188]. I never
+read of a hermit, but in imagination I kiss his feet; never of a
+monastery, but I could fall on my knees, and kiss the pavement. But I
+think putting young people there, who know nothing of life, nothing of
+retirement, is dangerous and wicked[189]. It is a saying as old
+as Hesiod,
+
+     Erga neon, boulaite meson, enchaite geronton[190].
+
+That is a very noble line: not that young men should not pray, or old
+men not give counsel, but that every season of life has its proper
+duties. I have thought of retiring, and have talked of it to a friend;
+but I find my vocation is rather to active life.' I said, some young
+monks might be allowed, to shew that it is not age alone that can retire
+to pious solitude; but he thought this would only shew that they could
+not resist temptation.
+
+He wanted to mount the steeples, but it could not be done. There are no
+good inscriptions here. Bad Roman characters he naturally mistook for
+half Gothick, half Roman. One of the steeples, which he was told was in
+danger, he wished not to be taken down; 'for, said he, it may fall on
+some of the posterity of John Knox; and no great matter!'--Dinner was
+mentioned. JOHNSON. 'Ay, ay; amidst all these sorrowful scenes, I have
+no objection to dinner[191].'
+
+We went and looked at the castle, where Cardinal Beaton was
+murdered[192], and then visited Principal Murison at his college, where
+is a good library-room; but the Principal was abundantly vain of it, for
+he seriously said to Dr. Johnson, 'you have not such a one in
+England.'[193]
+
+The professors entertained us with a very good dinner. Present: Murison,
+Shaw, Cook, Hill, Haddo, Watson, Flint, Brown. I observed, that I
+wondered to see him eat so well, after viewing so many sorrowful scenes
+of ruined religious magnificence. 'Why, said he, I am not sorry, after
+seeing these gentlemen; for they are not sorry.' Murison said, all
+sorrow was bad, as it was murmuring against the dispensations of
+Providence. JOHNSON. 'Sir, sorrow is inherent in humanity. As you cannot
+judge two and two to be either five, or three, but certainly four, so,
+when comparing a worse present state with a better which is past, you
+cannot but feel sorrow.[194] It is not cured by reason, but by the
+incursion of present objects, which wear out the past. You need not
+murmur, though you are sorry.' MURISON. 'But St. Paul says, "I have
+learnt, in whatever state I am, therewith to be content."' JOHNSON.
+'Sir, that relates to riches and poverty; for we see St. Paul, when he
+had a thorn in the flesh, prayed earnestly to have it removed; and then
+he could not be content.' Murison, thus refuted, tried to be smart, and
+drank to Dr. Johnson, 'Long may you lecture!' Dr. Johnson afterwards,
+speaking of his not drinking wine, said, 'The Doctor spoke of
+_lecturing_ (looking to him). I give all these lectures on water.'
+
+He defended requiring subscription in those admitted to universities,
+thus: 'As all who come into the country must obey the king, so all who
+come into an university must be of the church[195].'
+
+And here I must do Dr. Johnson the justice to contradict a very absurd
+and ill-natured story, as to what passed at St. Andrews. It has been
+circulated, that, after grace was said in English, in the usual manner,
+he with the greatest marks of contempt, as if he had held it to be no
+grace in an university, would not sit down till he had said grace aloud
+in Latin. This would have been an insult indeed to the gentlemen who
+were entertaining us. But the truth was precisely thus. In the course of
+conversation at dinner, Dr. Johnson, in very good humour, said, 'I
+should have expected to have heard a Latin grace, among so many learned
+men: we had always a Latin grace at Oxford. I believe I can repeat
+it.'[196] Which he did, as giving the learned men in one place a
+specimen of what was done by the learned men in another place.
+
+We went and saw the church, in which is Archbishop Sharp's
+monument.[197] I was struck with the same kind of feelings with which
+the churches of Italy impressed me. I was much pleased, to see Dr.
+Johnson actually in St. Andrews, of which we had talked so long.
+Professor Haddo was with us this afternoon, along with Dr. Watson. We
+looked at St. Salvador's College. The rooms for students seemed very
+commodious, and Dr. Johnson said, the chapel was the neatest place of
+worship he had seen. The key of the library could not be found; for it
+seems Professor Hill, who was out of town, had taken it with him. Dr.
+Johnson told a joke he had heard of a monastery abroad, where the key of
+the library could never be found.
+
+It was somewhat dispiriting, to see this ancient archiepiscopal city
+now sadly deserted[198]. We saw in one of its streets a remarkable proof
+of liberal toleration; a nonjuring clergyman, strutting about in his
+canonicals, with a jolly countenance and a round belly, like a
+well-fed monk.
+
+We observed two occupations united in the same person, who had hung out
+two sign-posts. Upon one was, 'James Hood, White Iron Smith' (_i.e._
+Tin-plate Worker). Upon another, 'The Art of Fencing taught, by James
+Hood.'--Upon this last were painted some trees, and two men fencing, one
+of whom had hit the other in the eye, to shew his great dexterity; so
+that the art was well taught. JOHNSON. 'Were I studying here, I should
+go and take a lesson. I remember _Hope_, in his book on this art[199],
+says, "the Scotch are very good fencers."'
+
+We returned to the inn, where we had been entertained at dinner, and
+drank tea in company with some of the Professors, of whose civilities I
+beg leave to add my humble and very grateful acknowledgement to the
+honourable testimony of Dr. Johnson, in his _Journey_[200].
+
+We talked of composition, which was a favourite topick of Dr. Watson's,
+who first distinguished himself by lectures on rhetorick. JOHNSON. 'I
+advised Chambers, and would advise every young man beginning to compose,
+to do it as fast as he can, to get a habit of having his mind to start
+promptly; it is so much more difficult to improve in speed than in
+accuracy[201].' WATSON. 'I own I am for much attention to accuracy in
+composing, lest one should get bad habits of doing it in a slovenly
+manner.' JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, you are confounding _doing_ inaccurately
+with the _necessity_ of doing inaccurately. A man knows when his
+composition is inaccurate, and when he thinks fit he'll correct it. But,
+if a man is accustomed to compose slowly, and with difficulty, upon all
+occasions, there is danger that he may not compose at all, as we do not
+like to do that which is not done easily; and, at any rate, more time is
+consumed in a small matter than ought to be.' WATSON. 'Dr. Hugh Blair
+has taken a week to compose a sermon.' JOHNSON. 'Then, Sir, that is for
+want of the habit of composing quickly, which I am insisting one should
+acquire.' WATSON. 'Blair was not composing all the week, but only such
+hours as he found himself disposed for composition.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir,
+unless you tell me the time he took, you tell me nothing. If I say I
+took a week to walk a mile, and have had the gout five days, and been
+ill otherwise another day, I have taken but one day. I myself have
+composed about forty sermons[202]. I have begun a sermon after dinner,
+and sent it off by the post that night. I wrote forty-eight of the
+printed octavo pages of the _Life of Savage_ at a sitting; but then I
+sat up all night. I have also written six sheets in a day of translation
+from the French[203].' BOSWELL. 'We have all observed how one man
+dresses himself slowly, and another fast.' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir: it is
+wonderful how much time some people will consume in dressing; taking up
+a thing and looking at it, and laying it down, and taking it up again.
+Every one should get the habit of doing it quickly. I would say to a
+young divine, "Here is your text; let me see how soon you can make a
+sermon." Then I'd say, "Let me see how much better you can make it."
+Thus I should see both his powers and his judgement.'
+
+We all went to Dr. Watson's to supper. Miss Sharp, great grandchild of
+Archbishop Sharp, was there; as was Mr. Craig, the ingenious architect
+of the new town of Edinburgh[204] and nephew of Thomson, to whom Dr.
+Johnson has since done so much justice, in his _Lives of the Poets_.
+
+We talked of memory, and its various modes. JOHNSON. 'Memory will play
+strange tricks. One sometimes loses a single word. I once lost _fugaces_
+in the Ode _Posthume, Posthume_[205].' I mentioned to him, that a worthy
+gentleman of my acquaintance actually forgot his own name. JOHNSON.
+'Sir, that was a morbid oblivion.'
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, AUGUST 20.
+
+Dr. Shaw, the professor of divinity, breakfasted with us. I took out my
+_Ogden on Prayer_, and read some of it to the company. Dr. Johnson
+praised him. 'Abernethy[206], (said he,) allows only of a physical
+effect of prayer upon the mind, which may be produced many ways, as well
+as by prayer; for instance, by meditation. Ogden goes farther. In truth,
+we have the consent of all nations for the efficacy of prayer, whether
+offered up by individuals, or by assemblies; and Revelation has told us,
+it will be effectual.' I said, 'Leechman seemed to incline to
+Abernethy's doctrine.' Dr. Watson observed, that Leechman meant to shew,
+that, even admitting no effect to be produced by prayer, respecting the
+Deity, it was useful to our own minds[207]. He had given only a part of
+his system. Dr. Johnson thought he should have given the whole.
+
+Dr. Johnson enforced the strict observance of Sunday[208]. 'It should be
+different (he observed) from another day. People may walk, but not throw
+stones at birds. There may be relaxation, but there should be no
+levity[209].'
+
+We went and saw Colonel Nairne's garden and grotto. Here was a fine old
+plane tree. Unluckily the colonel said, there was but this and another
+large tree in the county. This assertion was an excellent cue for Dr.
+Johnson, who laughed enormously, calling to me to hear it. He had
+expatiated to me on the nakedness of that part of Scotland which he had
+seen. His _Journey_ has been violently abused, for what he has said upon
+this subject. But let it be considered, that, when Dr. Johnson talks of
+trees, he means trees of good size, such as he was accustomed to see in
+England; and of these there are certainly very few upon the _eastern
+coast_ of Scotland. Besides, he said, that he meant to give only a map
+of the road; and let any traveller observe how many trees, which deserve
+the name, he can see from the road from Berwick to Aberdeen[210]. Had
+Dr. Johnson said, 'there are _no_ trees' upon this line, he would have
+said what is colloquially true; because, by no trees, in common speech,
+we mean few. When he is particular in counting, he may be attacked. I
+know not how Colonel Nairne came to say there were but _two_ large trees
+in the county of Fife. I did not perceive that he smiled. There are
+certainly not a great many; but I could have shewn him more than two at
+_Balmuto_, from whence my ancestors came, and which now belongs to a
+branch of my family[211].
+
+The grotto was ingeniously constructed. In the front of it were
+petrified stocks of fir, plane, and some other tree. Dr. Johnson said,
+'Scotland has no right to boast of this grotto; it is owing to personal
+merit. I never denied personal merit to many of you.' Professor Shaw
+said to me, as we walked, 'This is a wonderful man; he is master of
+every subject he handles.' Dr. Watson allowed him a very strong
+understanding, but wondered at his total inattention to established
+manners, as he came from London.
+
+I have not preserved in my Journal, any of the conversation which passed
+between Dr. Johnson and Professor Shaw; but I recollect Dr. Johnson said
+to me afterwards, 'I took much to Shaw.'
+
+We left St. Andrews about noon, and some miles from it observing, at
+_Leuchars_, a church with an old tower, we stopped to look at it. The
+_manse_, as the parsonage-house is called in Scotland, was close by. I
+waited on the minister, mentioned our names, and begged he would tell us
+what he knew about it. He was a very civil old man; but could only
+inform us, that it was supposed to have stood eight hundred years. He
+told us, there was a colony of Danes in his parish[212]; that they had
+landed at a remote period of time, and still remained a distinct people.
+Dr. Johnson shrewdly inquired whether they had brought women with them.
+We were not satisfied as to this colony.
+
+We saw, this day, Dundee and Aberbrothick, the last of which Dr. Johnson
+has celebrated in his _Journey_[213]. Upon the road we talked of the
+Roman Catholick faith. He mentioned (I think) Tillotson's argument
+against transubstantiation: 'That we are as sure we see bread and wine
+only, as that we read in the Bible the text on which that false doctrine
+is founded. We have only the evidence of our senses for both[214].' 'If,
+(he added,) GOD had never spoken figuratively, we might hold that he
+speaks literally, when he says, "This is my body[215]."' BOSWELL. 'But
+what do you say, Sir, to the ancient and continued tradition of the
+church upon this point?' JOHNSON. 'Tradition, Sir, has no place, where
+the Scriptures are plain; and tradition cannot persuade a man into a
+belief of transubstantiation. Able men, indeed, have _said_ they
+believed it.'
+
+This is an awful subject. I did not then press Dr. Johnson upon it: nor
+shall I now enter upon a disquisition concerning the import of those
+words uttered by our Saviour[216], which had such an effect upon many of
+his disciples, that they 'went back, and walked no more with him.' The
+Catechism and solemn office for Communion, in the Church of England,
+maintain a mysterious belief in more than a mere commemoration of the
+death of Christ, by partaking of the elements of bread and wine.
+
+Dr. Johnson put me in mind, that, at St. Andrews, I had defended my
+profession very well, when the question had again been started, Whether
+a lawyer might honestly engage with the first side that offers him a
+fee. 'Sir, (said I,) it was with your arguments against Sir William
+Forbes[217]: but it was much that I could wield the arms of Goliah.'
+
+He said, our judges had not gone deep in the question concerning
+literary property. I mentioned Lord Monboddo's opinion, that if a man
+could get a work by heart, he might print it, as by such an act the mind
+is exercised. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; a man's repeating it no more makes it
+his property, than a man may sell a cow which he drives home.' I said,
+printing an abridgement of a work was allowed, which was only cutting
+the horns and tail off the cow. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; 'tis making the cow
+have a calf[218].'
+
+About eleven at night we arrived at Montrose. We found but a sorry inn,
+where I myself saw another waiter put a lump of sugar with his fingers
+into Dr. Johnson's lemonade, for which he called him 'Rascal!' It put me
+in great glee that our landlord was an Englishman. I rallied the Doctor
+upon this, and he grew quiet[219]. Both Sir John Hawkins's and Dr.
+Burney's _History of Musick_ had then been advertised. I asked if this
+was not unlucky: would not they hurt one another? JOHNSON. 'No, Sir.
+They will do good to one another. Some will buy the one, some the other,
+and compare them; and so a talk is made about a thing, and the books
+are sold.'
+
+He was angry at me for proposing to carry lemons with us to Sky, that
+he might be sure to have his lemonade. 'Sir, (said he,) I do not wish to
+be thought that feeble man who cannot do without any thing. Sir, it is
+very bad manners to carry provisions to any man's house, as if he could
+not entertain you. To an inferior, it is oppressive; to a superior, it
+is insolent.'
+
+Having taken the liberty, this evening, to remark to Dr. Johnson, that
+he very often sat quite silent for a long time, even when in company
+with only a single friend, which I myself had sometimes sadly
+experienced, he smiled and said, 'It is true, Sir[220]. Tom Tyers, (for
+so he familiarly called our ingenious friend, who, since his death, has
+paid a biographical tribute to his memory[221],) Tom Tyers described me
+the best. He once said to me, "Sir, you are like a ghost: you never
+speak till you are spoken to[222]."'
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, AUGUST 31.
+
+Neither the Rev. Mr. Nisbet, the established minister, nor the Rev. Mr.
+Spooner, the episcopal minister, were in town. Before breakfast, we went
+and saw the town-hall, where is a good dancing-room, and other rooms for
+tea-drinking. The appearance of the town from it is very well; but many
+of the houses are built with their ends to the street, which looks
+awkward. When we came down from it, I met Mr. Gleg, a merchant here. He
+went with us to see the English chapel. It is situated on a pretty dry
+spot, and there is a fine walk to it. It is really an elegant building,
+both within and without. The organ is adorned with green and gold. Dr.
+Johnson gave a shilling extraordinary to the clerk, saying, 'He belongs
+to an honest church[223].' I put him in mind, that episcopals were but
+_dissenters_ here; they were only _tolerated_. 'Sir, (said he,) we are
+here, as Christians in Turkey.' He afterwards went into an apothecary's
+shop, and ordered some medicine for himself, and wrote the prescription
+in technical characters. The boy took him for a physician[224].
+
+I doubted much which road to take, whether to go by the coast, or by
+Laurence Kirk and Monboddo. I knew Lord Monboddo and Dr. Johnson did not
+love each other[225]; yet I was unwilling not to visit his Lordship; and
+was also curious to see them together[226]. I mentioned my doubts to Dr.
+Johnson, who said, he would go two miles out of his way to see Lord
+Monboddo[227]. I therefore sent Joseph forward with the
+following note:--
+
+'Montrose, August 21.
+
+'My Dear Lord,
+
+'Thus far I am come with Mr. Samuel Johnson. We must be at Aberdeen
+to-night. I know you do not admire him so much as I do; but I cannot be
+in this country without making you a bow at your old place, as I do not
+know if I may again have an opportunity of seeing Monboddo. Besides, Mr.
+Johnson says, he would go two miles out of his way to see Lord Monboddo.
+I have sent forward my servant, that we may know if your lordship be
+at home.
+
+'I am ever, my dear lord,
+
+'Most sincerely yours,
+
+'JAMES BOSWELL.'
+
+As we travelled onwards from Montrose, we had the Grampion hills in our
+view, and some good land around us, but void of trees and hedges. Dr.
+Johnson has said ludicrously, in his _Journey_, that the _hedges_ were
+of _stone_[228]; for, instead of the verdant _thorn_ to refresh the eye,
+we found the bare _wall_ or _dike_ intersecting the prospect. He
+observed, that it was wonderful to see a country so divested, so
+denuded of trees.
+
+We stopped at Laurence Kirk[229], where our great Grammarian,
+Ruddiman[230], was once schoolmaster. We respectfully remembered that
+excellent man and eminent scholar, by whose labours a knowledge of the
+Latin language will be preserved in Scotland, if it shall be preserved
+at all. Lord Gardenston[231], one of our judges, collected money to
+raise a monument to him at this place, which I hope will be well
+executed[232]. I know my father gave five guineas towards it. Lord
+Gardenston is the proprietor of Laurence Kirk, and has encouraged the
+building of a manufacturing village, of which he is exceedingly fond,
+and has written a pamphlet upon it[233], as if he had founded Thebes; in
+which, however, there are many useful precepts strongly expressed. The
+village seemed to be irregularly built, some of the houses being of
+clay, some of brick, and some of brick and stone. Dr. Johnson observed,
+they thatched well here.  I was a little acquainted with Mr. Forbes,
+the minister of the parish. I sent to inform him that a gentleman
+desired to see him. He returned for answer, 'that he would not come to a
+stranger.' I then gave my name, and he came. I remonstrated to him for
+not coming to a stranger; and, by presenting him to Dr. Johnson, proved
+to him what a stranger might sometimes be. His Bible inculcates, 'be not
+forgetful to entertain strangers,' and mentions the same motive[234]. He
+defended himself by saying, 'He had once come to a stranger who sent for
+him; and he found him "_a little worth person!_"'
+
+Dr. Johnson insisted on stopping at the inn, as I told him that Lord
+Gardenston had furnished it with a collection of books, that travellers
+might have entertainment for the mind, as well as the body. He praised
+the design, but wished there had been more books, and those
+better chosen.
+
+About a mile from Monboddo, where you turn off the road, Joseph was
+waiting to tell us my lord expected us to dinner. We drove over a wild
+moor. It rained, and the scene was somewhat dreary. Dr. Johnson
+repeated, with solemn emphasis, Macbeth's speech on meeting the witches.
+As we travelled on, he told me, 'Sir, you got into our club by doing
+what a man can do[235]. Several of the members wished to keep you out.
+Burke told me, he doubted if you were fit for it: but, now you are in,
+none of them are sorry. Burke says, that you have so much good humour
+naturally, it is scarce a virtue[236].' BOSWELL. 'They were afraid of
+you, Sir, as it was you who proposed me.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, they knew, that
+if they refused you, they'd probably never have got in another. I'd have
+kept them all out. Beauclerk was very earnest for you.' BOSWELL.
+"Beauclerk has a keenness of mind which is very uncommon." JOHNSON.
+'Yes, Sir; and everything comes from him so easily. It appears to me
+that I labour, when I say a good thing.' BOSWELL. 'You are loud, Sir;
+but it is not an effort of mind[237].'
+
+Monboddo is a wretched place, wild and naked, with a poor old house;
+though, if I recollect right, there are two turrets which mark an old
+baron's residence. Lord Monboddo received us at his gate most
+courteously; pointed to the Douglas arms upon his house, and told us
+that his great-grandmother was of that family. 'In such houses (said
+he,) our ancestors lived, who were better men than we.' 'No, no, my lord
+(said Dr. Johnson). We are as strong as they, and a great deal
+wiser[238].' This was an assault upon one of Lord Monboddo's capital
+dogmas, and I was afraid there would have been a violent altercation in
+the very close, before we got into the house. But his lordship is
+distinguished not only for 'ancient metaphysicks,' but for ancient
+_politesse_, '_la vieille cour_' and he made no reply[239].
+
+His lordship was dressed in a rustick suit, and wore a little round
+hat; he told us, we now saw him as _Farmer Burnet_[240], and we should
+have his family dinner, a farmer's dinner. He said, 'I should not have
+forgiven Mr. Boswell, had he not brought you here, Dr. Johnson.' He
+produced a very long stalk of corn, as a specimen of his crop, and said,
+'You see here the _loetas segetes_[241];' he added, that _Virgil_ seemed
+to be as enthusiastick a farmer as he[242], and was certainly a
+practical one. JOHNSON. 'It does not always follow, my lord, that a man
+who has written a good poem on an art, has practised it. Philip Miller
+told me, that in Philips's _Cyder_, a poem, all the precepts were just,
+and indeed better than in books written for the purpose of instructing;
+yet Philips had never made cyder[243].'
+
+I started the subject of emigration[244]. JOHNSON. 'To a man of mere
+animal life, you can urge no argument against going to America, but that
+it will be some time before he will get the earth to produce. But a man
+of any intellectual enjoyment will not easily go and immerse himself and
+his posterity for ages in barbarism.'
+
+He and my lord spoke highly of Homer. JOHNSON. 'He had all the learning
+of his age. The shield of Achilles shews a nation in war, a nation in
+peace; harvest sport, nay, stealing[245].' MONBODDO. 'Ay, and what we
+(looking to me) would call a parliament-house scene[246]; a cause
+pleaded.' JOHNSON. 'That is part of the life of a nation in peace. And
+there are in Homer such characters of heroes, and combinations of
+qualities of heroes, that the united powers of mankind ever since have
+not produced any but what are to be found there.' MONBODDO. 'Yet no
+character is described.' JOHNSON. 'No; they all develope themselves.
+Agamemnon is always a gentleman-like character; he has always [Greek:
+Basilikon ti]. That the ancients held so, is plain from this; that
+Euripides, in his _Hecuba_, makes him the person to interpose[247].'
+MONBODDO. 'The history of manners is the most valuable. I never set a
+high value on any other history.' JOHNSON. 'Nor I; and therefore I
+esteem biography, as giving us what comes near to ourselves, what we can
+turn to use[248].' BOSWELL. 'But in the course of general history, we
+find manners. In wars, we see the dispositions of people, their degrees
+of humanity, and other particulars.' JOHNSON. 'Yes; but then you must
+take all the facts to get this; and it is but a little you get.'
+MONBODDO. 'And it is that little which makes history valuable.' Bravo!
+thought I; they agree like two brothers. MONBODDO. 'I am sorry, Dr.
+Johnson, you were not longer at Edinburgh to receive the homage of our
+men of learning.' JOHNSON. 'My lord, I received great respect and great
+kindness.' BOSWELL. 'He goes back to Edinburgh after our tour.' We
+talked of the decrease of learning in Scotland, and of the _Muses'
+Welcome_[249]. JOHNSON. 'Learning is much decreased in England, in my
+remembrance[250].' MONBODDO. 'You, Sir, have lived to see its decrease
+in England, I its extinction in Scotland.' However, I brought him to
+confess that the High School of Edinburgh did well. JOHNSON. 'Learning
+has decreased in England, because learning will not do so much for a man
+as formerly. There are other ways of getting preferment. Few bishops are
+now made for their learning. To be a bishop, a man must be learned in a
+learned age,--factious in a factious age; but always of eminence[251].
+Warburton is an exception; though his learning alone did not raise him.
+He was first an antagonist to Pope, and helped Theobald to publish his
+_Shakspeare_; but, seeing Pope the rising man, when Crousaz attacked his
+_Essay on Man_, for some faults which it has, and some which it has not,
+Warburton defended it in the Review of that time[252]. This brought him
+acquainted with Pope, and he gained his friendship. Pope introduced him
+to Allen, Allen married him to his niece: so, by Allen's interest and
+his own, he was made a bishop[253]. But then his learning was the _sine
+qua non_: he knew how to make the most of it; but I do not find by any
+dishonest means.' MONBODDO. 'He is a great man.' JOHNSON. 'Yes; he has
+great knowledge,--great power of mind. Hardly any man brings greater
+variety of learning to bear upon his point[254].' MONBODDO. 'He is one
+of the greatest lights of your church.' JOHNSON. 'Why, we are not so
+sure of his being very friendly to us[255]. He blazes, if you will, but
+that is not always the steadiest light. Lowth is another bishop who has
+risen by his learning.'
+
+Dr. Johnson examined young Arthur, Lord Monboddo's son, in Latin. He
+answered very well; upon which he said, with complacency, 'Get you gone!
+When King James comes back[256], you shall be in the _Muses Welcome_!'
+My lord and Dr. Johnson disputed a little, whether the Savage or the
+London Shopkeeper had the best existence; his lordship, as usual,
+preferring the Savage. My lord was extremely hospitable, and I saw both
+Dr. Johnson and him liking each other better every hour.
+
+Dr. Johnson having retired for a short time, his lordship spoke of his
+conversation as I could have wished. Dr. Johnson had said, 'I have done
+greater feats with my knife than this;' though he had eaten a very
+hearty dinner. My lord, who affects or believes he follows an
+abstemious system, seemed struck with Dr. Johnson's manner of living. I
+had a particular satisfaction in being under the roof of Monboddo, my
+lord being my father's old friend, and having been always very good to
+me. We were cordial together. He asked Dr. Johnson and me to stay all
+night. When I said we _must_ be at Aberdeen, he replied, 'Well, I am
+like the Romans: I shall say to you, "Happy to come;--happy to depart!"'
+He thanked Dr. Johnson for his visit.
+
+JOHNSON. 'I little thought, when I had the honour to meet your Lordship
+in London, that I should see you at Monboddo.'
+
+After dinner, as the ladies[257] were going away, Dr. Johnson would
+stand up. He insisted that politeness was of great consequence in
+society. 'It is, (said he,) fictitious benevolence[258]. It supplies the
+place of it amongst those who see each other only in publick, or but
+little. Depend upon it, the want of it never fails to produce something
+disagreeable to one or other. I have always applied to good breeding,
+what Addison in his _Cato_[259] says of honour:--
+
+     "Honour's a sacred tie; the law of Kings;
+      The noble mind's distinguishing perfection,
+      That aids and strengthens Virtue where it meets her;
+      And imitates her actions where she is not."'
+
+When he took up his large oak stick, he said, 'My lord, that's
+_Homerick_[260];' thus pleasantly alluding to his lordship's
+favourite writer.
+
+Gory, my lord's black servant, was sent as our guide, to conduct us to
+the high road. The circumstance of each of them having a black servant
+was another point of similarity between Johnson and Monboddo. I
+observed how curious it was to see an African in the North of Scotland,
+with little or no difference of manners from those of the natives. Dr.
+Johnson laughed to see Gory and Joseph riding together most cordially.
+'Those two fellows, (said he,) one from Africa, the other from Bohemia,
+seem quite at home.' He was much pleased with Lord Monboddo to-day. He
+said, he would have pardoned him for a few paradoxes, when he found he
+had so much that was good: but that, from his appearance in London, he
+thought him all paradox; which would not do. He observed that his
+lordship had talked no paradoxes to-day. 'And as to the savage and the
+London shopkeeper, (said he,) I don't know but I might have taken the
+side of the savage equally, had any body else taken the side of the
+shopkeeper.[261]' He had said to my lord, in opposition to the value of
+the savage's courage, that it was owing to his limited power of
+thinking, and repeated Pope's verses, in which 'Macedonia's madman' is
+introduced, and the conclusion is,
+
+     'Yet ne'er looks forward farther than his nose[262].'
+
+I objected to the last phrase, as being low. JOHNSON. 'Sir, it is
+intended to be low: it is satire. The expression is debased, to debase
+the character.'
+
+When Gory was about to part from us, Dr. Johnson called to him, 'Mr.
+Gory, give me leave to ask you a question! are you baptised?' Gory told
+him he was, and confirmed by the Bishop of Durham. He then gave him
+a shilling.
+
+We had tedious driving this afternoon, and were somewhat drowsy. Last
+night I was afraid Dr. Johnson was beginning to faint in his resolution;
+for he said, 'If we must ride much, we shall not go; and there's an end
+on't.' To-day, when he talked of _Sky_ with spirit, I said, 'Why, Sir,
+you seemed to me to despond yesterday. You are a delicate Londoner;--you
+are a maccaroni[263]; you can't ride.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, I shall ride
+better than you. I was only afraid I should not find a horse able to
+carry me.' I hoped then there would be no fear of getting through our
+wild Tour.
+
+We came to Aberdeen at half an hour past eleven. The New Inn, we were
+told, was full. This was comfortless. The waiter, however, asked, if one
+of our names was Boswell, and brought me a letter left at the inn: it
+was from Mr. Thrale, enclosing one to Dr. Johnson[264]. Finding who I
+was, we were told they would contrive to lodge us by putting us for a
+night into a room with two beds. The waiter said to me in the broad
+strong Aberdeenshire dialect, 'I thought I knew you by your likeness to
+your father.' My father puts up at the New Inn, when on his circuit.
+Little was said to-night. I was to sleep in a little press-bed in Dr.
+Johnson's room. I had it wheeled out into the dining-room, and there I
+lay very well.
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, AUGUST 22.
+
+I sent a message to Professor Thomas Gordon, who came and breakfasted
+with us. He had secured seats for us at the English chapel. We found a
+respectable congregation, and an admirable organ, well played by
+Mr. Tait.
+
+We walked down to the shore: Dr. Johnson laughed to hear that Cromwell's
+soldiers taught the Aberdeen people to make shoes and stockings, and to
+plant cabbages[265]. He asked, if weaving the plaids[266] was ever a
+domestick art in the Highlands, like spinning or knitting. They could
+not inform him here. But he conjectured probably, that where people
+lived so remote from each other, it was likely to be a domestick art; as
+we see it was among the ancients, from Penelope. I was sensible to-day,
+to an extraordinary degree, of Dr. Johnson's excellent English
+pronunciation. I cannot account for its striking me more now than any
+other day: but it was as if new to me; and I listened to every sentence
+which he spoke, as to a musical composition. Professor Gordon gave him
+an account of the plan of education in his college. Dr. Johnson said, it
+was similar to that at Oxford. Waller the poet's great-grandson was
+studying here. Dr. Johnson wondered that a man should send his son so
+far off, when there were so many good schools in England[267]. He said,
+'At a great school there is all the splendour and illumination of many
+minds; the radiance of all is concentrated in each, or at least
+reflected upon each. But we must own that neither a dull boy, nor an
+idle boy, will do so well at a great school as at a private one. For at
+a great school there are always boys enough to do well easily, who are
+sufficient to keep up the credit of the school; and after whipping being
+tried to no purpose, the dull or idle boys are left at the end of a
+class, having the appearance of going through the course, but learning
+nothing at all[268]. Such boys may do good at a private school, where
+constant attention is paid to them, and they are watched. So that the
+question of publick or private education is not properly a general one;
+but whether one or the other is best for _my son_.'  We were told the
+present Mr. Waller was a plain country gentleman; and his son would be
+such another. I observed, a family could not expect a poet but in a
+hundred generations. 'Nay, (said Dr. Johnson,) not one family in a
+hundred can expect a poet in a hundred generations.' He then repeated
+Dryden's celebrated lines,
+
+     'Three poets in three distant ages born,' &c.
+
+and a part of a Latin translation of it done at Oxford[269]: he did not
+then say by whom.
+
+He received a card from Sir Alexander Gordon, who had been his
+acquaintance twenty years ago in London, and who, 'if forgiven for not
+answering a line from him,' would come in the afternoon. Dr. Johnson
+rejoiced to hear of him, and begged he would come and dine with us. I
+was much pleased to see the kindness with which Dr. Johnson received his
+old friend Sir Alexander[270]; a gentleman of good family, _Lismore_,
+but who had not the estate. The King's College here made him Professor
+of Medicine, which affords him a decent subsistence. He told us that the
+value of the stockings exported from Aberdeen was, in peace, a hundred
+thousand pounds; and amounted, in time of war, to one hundred and
+seventy thousand pounds. Dr. Johnson asked, What made the difference?
+Here we had a proof of the comparative sagacity of the two professors.
+Sir Alexander answered, 'Because there is more occasion for them in
+war.' Professor Thomas Gordon answered, 'Because the Germans, who are
+our great rivals in the manufacture of stockings, are otherwise employed
+in time of war.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, you have given a very good solution.'
+
+At dinner, Dr. Johnson ate several plate-fulls of Scotch broth, with
+barley and peas in it, and seemed very fond of the dish. I said, 'You
+never ate it before.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; but I don't care how soon I eat
+it again[271].' My cousin, Miss Dallas, formerly of Inverness, was
+married to Mr. Riddoch, one of the ministers of the English chapel here.
+He was ill, and confined to his room; but she sent us a kind invitation
+to tea, which we all accepted. She was the same lively, sensible,
+cheerful woman as ever. Dr. Johnson here threw out some jokes against
+Scotland. He said, 'You go first to Aberdeen; then to _Enbru_ (the
+Scottish pronunciation of Edinburgh); then to Newcastle, to be polished
+by the colliers; then to York; then to London.' And he laid hold of a
+little girl, Stuart Dallas, niece to Mrs. Riddoch, and, representing
+himself as a giant, said, he would take her with him! telling her, in a
+hollow voice, that he lived in a cave, and had a bed in the rock, and
+she should have a little bed cut opposite to it!
+
+He thus treated the point, as to prescription of murder in
+Scotland[272]. 'A jury in England would make allowance for deficiencies
+of evidence, on account of lapse of time; but a general rule that a
+crime should not be punished, or tried for the purpose of punishment,
+after twenty years, is bad. It is cant to talk of the King's advocate
+delaying a prosecution from malice. How unlikely is it the King's
+advocate should have malice against persons who commit murder, or should
+even know them at all. If the son of the murdered man should kill the
+murderer who got off merely by prescription, I would help him to make
+his escape; though, were I upon his jury, I would not acquit him. I
+would not advise him to commit such an act. On the contrary, I would bid
+him submit to the determination of society, because a man is bound to
+submit to the inconveniences of it, as he enjoys the good: but the
+young man, though politically wrong, would not be morally wrong. He
+would have to say, 'here I am amongst barbarians, who not only refuse to
+do justice, but encourage the greatest of all crimes. I am therefore in
+a state of nature: for, so far as there is no law, it is a state of
+nature: and consequently, upon the eternal and immutable law of justice,
+which requires that he who sheds man's blood should have his blood
+shed[273], I will stab the murderer of my father.'
+
+We went to our inn, and sat quietly. Dr. Johnson borrowed, at Mr.
+Riddoch's, a volume of _Massillon's Discourses on the Psalms_: but I
+found he read little in it. Ogden too he sometimes took up, and glanced
+at; but threw it down again. I then entered upon religious conversation.
+Never did I see him in a better frame: calm, gentle, wise, holy. I said,
+'Would not the same objection hold against the Trinity as against
+Transubstantiation?' 'Yes, (said he,) if you take three and one in the
+same sense. If you do so, to be sure you cannot believe it: but the
+three persons in the Godhead are Three in one sense, and One in another.
+We cannot tell how; and that is the mystery!'
+
+I spoke of the satisfaction of Christ. He said his notion was, that it
+did not atone for the sins of the world; but, by satisfying divine
+justice, by shewing that no less than the Son of God suffered for sin,
+it shewed to men and innumerable created beings, the heinousness of it,
+and therefore rendered it unnecessary for divine vengeance to be
+exercised against sinners, as it otherwise must have been; that in this
+way it might operate even in favour of those who had never heard of it:
+as to those who did hear of it, the effect it should produce would be
+repentance and piety, by impressing upon the mind a just notion of sin:
+that original sin was the propensity to evil, which no doubt was
+occasioned by the fall. He presented this solemn subject in a new light
+to me[274], and rendered much more rational and clear the doctrine of
+what our Saviour has done for us;--as it removed the notion of imputed
+righteousness in co-operating; whereas by this view, Christ has done all
+already that he had to do, or is ever to do for mankind, by making his
+great satisfaction; the consequences of which will affect each
+individual according to the particular conduct of each. I would
+illustrate this by saying, that Christ's satisfaction resembles a sun
+placed to shew light to men, so that it depends upon themselves whether
+they will walk the right way or not, which they could not have done
+without that sun, '_the sun of righteousness_[275]' There is, however,
+more in it than merely giving light--_a light to lighten the
+Gentiles_[276]: for we are told, there _is healing under his
+wings_[277]. Dr. Johnson said to me, 'Richard Baxter commends a
+treatise by Grotius, _De Satisfactione Christi_. I have never read it:
+but I intend to read it; and you may read it.' I remarked, upon the
+principle now laid down, we might explain the difficult and seemingly
+hard text, 'They that believe shall be saved; and they that believe not
+shall be damned[278]:' They that believe shall have such an impression
+made upon their minds, as will make them act so that they may be
+accepted by GOD.
+
+We talked of one of our friends[279] taking ill, for a length of time, a
+hasty expression of Dr. Johnson's to him, on his attempting to prosecute
+a subject that had a reference to religion, beyond the bounds within
+which the Doctor thought such topicks should be confined in a mixed
+company. JOHNSON. 'What is to become of society, if a friendship of
+twenty years is to be broken off for such a cause?' As Bacon says,
+
+     'Who then to frail mortality shall trust,
+      But limns the water, or but writes in dust[280].'
+
+I said, he should write expressly in support of Christianity; for that,
+although a reverence for it shines through his works in several places,
+that is not enough. 'You know, (said I,) what Grotius has done, and what
+Addison has done[281].--You should do also.' He replied, 'I hope
+I shall.'
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, AUGUST 23.
+
+Principal Campbell, Sir Alexander Gordon, Professor Gordon, and
+Professor Ross, visited us in the morning, as did Dr. Gerard, who had
+come six miles from the country on purpose. We went and saw the
+Marischal College[282], and at one o'clock we waited on the magistrates
+in the town hall, as they had invited us in order to present Dr. Johnson
+with the freedom of the town, which Provost Jopp did with a very good
+grace. Dr. Johnson was much pleased with this mark of attention, and
+received it very politely. There was a pretty numerous company
+assembled. It was striking to hear all of them drinking 'Dr. Johnson!
+Dr. Johnson!' in the town-hall of Aberdeen, and then to see him with
+his burgess-ticket, or diploma[283], in his hat, which he wore as he
+walked along the street, according to the usual custom. It gave me great
+satisfaction to observe the regard, and indeed fondness too, which every
+body here had for my father.
+
+While Sir Alexander Gordon conducted Dr. Johnson to old Aberdeen,
+Professor Gordon and I called on Mr. Riddoch, whom I found to be a grave
+worthy clergyman. He observed, that, whatever might be said of Dr.
+Johnson while he was alive, he would, after he was dead, be looked upon
+by the world with regard and astonishment, on account of his
+_Dictionary_.
+
+Professor Gordon and I walked over to the Old College, which Dr. Johnson
+had seen by this time. I stepped into the chapel, and looked at the tomb
+of the founder, Archbishop Elphinston[284], of whom I shall have
+occasion to write in my _History of James IV. of Scotland_, the patron
+of my family[285].  We dined at Sir Alexander Gordon's. The Provost,
+Professor Ross, Professor Dunbar, Professor Thomas Gordon, were there.
+After dinner came in Dr. Gerard, Professor Leslie[286], Professor
+Macleod. We had little or no conversation in the morning; now we were
+but barren. The professors seemed afraid to speak[287].
+
+Dr. Gerard told us that an eminent printer[288] was very intimate with
+Warburton. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, he has printed some of his works, and
+perhaps bought the property of some of them. The intimacy is such as one
+of the professors here may have with one of the carpenters who is
+repairing the college.' 'But, (said Gerard,) I saw a letter from him to
+this printer, in which he says, that the one half of the clergy of the
+church of Scotland are fanaticks, and the other half infidels.' JOHNSON.
+'Warburton has accustomed himself to write letters just as he speaks,
+without thinking any more of what he throws out[289]. When I read
+Warburton first, and observed his force, and his contempt of mankind, I
+thought he had driven the world before him; but I soon found that was
+not the case; for Warburton, by extending his abuse, rendered it
+ineffectual[290].'
+
+He told me, when we were by ourselves, that he thought it very wrong in
+the printer to shew Warburton's letter, as it was raising a body of
+enemies against him. He thought it foolish in Warburton to write so to
+the printer; and added, 'Sir, the worst way of being intimate, is by
+scribbling.' He called Warburton's _Doctrine of Grace_[291] a poor
+performance, and so he said was Wesley's Answer[292]. 'Warburton, he
+observed, had laid himself very open. In particular, he was weak enough
+to say, that, in some disorders of the imagination, people had spoken
+with tongues, had spoken languages which they never knew before; a thing
+as absurd as to say, that, in some disorders of the imagination, people
+had been known to fly.'
+
+I talked of the difference of genius, to try if I could engage Gerard in
+a disquisition with Dr. Johnson; but I did not succeed. I mentioned, as
+a curious fact, that Locke had written verses. JOHNSON. 'I know of none,
+Sir, but a kind of exercise prefixed to Dr. Sydenham's Works[293], in
+which he has some conceits about the dropsy, in which water and burning
+are united; and how Dr. Sydenham removed fire by drawing off water,
+contrary to the usual practice, which is to extinguish fire by bringing
+water upon it. I am not sure that there is a word of all this; but it is
+such kind of talk[294].'  We spoke of _Fingal_[295]. Dr. Johnson said
+calmly, 'If the poems were really translated, they were certainly first
+written down. Let Mr. Macpherson deposite the manuscript in one of the
+colleges at Aberdeen, where there are people who can judge; and, if the
+professors certify the authenticity, then there will be an end of the
+controversy. If he does not take this obvious and easy method, he gives
+the best reason to doubt; considering too, how much is against it
+_à priori'_.
+
+We sauntered after dinner in Sir Alexander's garden, and saw his little
+grotto, which is hung with pieces of poetry written in a fair hand. It
+was agreeable to observe the contentment and kindness of this quiet,
+benevolent man. Professor Macleod was brother to Macleod of Talisker,
+and brother-in-law to the Laird of Col. He gave me a letter to young
+Col. I was weary of this day, and began to think wishfully of being
+again in motion. I was uneasy to think myself too fastidious, whilst I
+fancied Dr. Johnson quite satisfied. But he owned to me that he was
+fatigued and teased by Sir Alexander's doing too much to entertain him.
+I said, it was all kindness. JOHNSON. 'True, Sir; but sensation is
+sensation.' BOSWELL. 'It is so: we feel pain equally from the surgeon's
+probe, as from the sword of the foe.'
+
+We visited two booksellers' shops, and could not find Arthur Johnston's
+Poems'[296]. We went and sat near an hour at Mr. Riddoch's. He could
+not tell distinctly how much education at the college here costs[297],
+which disgusted Dr. Johnson. I had pledged myself that we should go to
+the inn, and not stay supper. They pressed us, but he was resolute. I
+saw Mr. Riddoch did not please him. He said to me, afterwards, 'Sir, he
+has no vigour in his talk.' But my friend should have considered that he
+himself was not in good humour; so that it was not easy to talk to his
+satisfaction. We sat contentedly at our inn. He then became merry, and
+observed how little we had either heard or said at Aberdeen: that the
+Aberdonians had not started a single _mawkin_ (the Scottish word for
+hare) for us to pursue[298].
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, AUGUST 24.
+
+We set out about eight in the morning, and breakfasted at Ellon. The
+landlady said to me, 'Is not this the great Doctor that is going about
+through the country?' I said, 'Yes.' 'Ay, (said she) we heard of him. I
+made an errand into the room on purpose to see him. There's something
+great in his appearance: it is a pleasure to have such a man in one's
+house; a man who does so much good. If I had thought of it, I would have
+shewn him a child of mine, who has had a lump on his throat for some
+time.' 'But, (said I,) he is not a doctor of physick.' 'Is he an
+oculist?' said the landlord. 'No, (said I,) he is only a very learned
+man.' LANDLORD. 'They say he is the greatest man in England, except Lord
+Mansfield[299].' Dr. Johnson was highly entertained with this, and I do
+think he was pleased too. He said, 'I like the exception: to have called
+me the greatest man in England, would have been an unmeaning compliment:
+but the exception marked that the praise was in earnest: and, in
+_Scotland_, the exception must be _Lord Mansfield_, or--_Sir John
+Pringle_[300].'
+
+He told me a good story of Dr. Goldsmith. Graham, who wrote _Telemachus,
+a Masque_[301], was sitting one night with him and Dr. Johnson, and was
+half drunk. He rattled away to Dr. Johnson: 'You are a clever fellow, to
+be sure; but you cannot write an essay like Addison, or verses like the
+RAPE OF THE LOCK.' At last he said[302], '_Doctor_, I should be happy to
+see you at Eaton[303].' 'I shall be glad to wait on you,' answered
+Goldsmith. 'No, (said Graham,) 'tis not you I mean, Dr. _Minor_; 'tis
+Doctor _Major_, there.' Goldsmith was excessively hurt by this. He
+afterwards spoke of it himself. 'Graham, (said he,) is a fellow to make
+one commit suicide.'
+
+We had received a polite invitation to Slains castle. We arrived there
+just at three o'clock, as the bell for dinner was ringing. Though, from
+its being just on the North-east Ocean, no trees will grow here, Lord
+Errol has done all that can be done. He has cultivated his fields so as
+to bear rich crops of every kind, and he has made an excellent
+kitchen-garden, with a hot-house. I had never seen any of the family:
+but there had been a card of invitation written by the honourable
+Charles Boyd, the earl's brother[304]. We were conducted into the
+house, and at the dining-room door were met by that gentleman, whom both
+of us at first took to be Lord Errol; but he soon corrected our mistake.
+My Lord was gone to dine in the neighbourhood, at an entertainment given
+by Mr. Irvine of Drum. Lady Errol received us politely, and was very
+attentive to us during the time of dinner. There was nobody at table but
+her ladyship, Mr. Boyd, and some of the children, their governour and
+governess. Mr. Boyd put Dr. Johnson in mind of having dined with him at
+Cumming the Quaker's[305], along with a Mr. Hall and Miss Williams[306]:
+this was a bond of connection between them. For me, Mr. Boyd's
+acquaintance with my father was enough. After dinner, Lady Errol
+favoured us with a sight of her young family, whom she made stand up in
+a row. There were six daughters and two sons. It was a very
+pleasing sight.
+
+Dr. Johnson proposed our setting out. Mr. Boyd said, he hoped we would
+stay all night; his brother would be at home in the evening, and would
+be very sorry if he missed us. Mr. Boyd was called out of the room. I
+was very desirous to stay in so comfortable a house, and I wished to
+see Lord Errol. Dr Johnson, however, was right in resolving to go, if we
+were not asked again, as it is best to err on the safe side in such
+cases, and to be sure that one is quite welcome. To my great joy, when
+Mr. Boyd returned, he told Dr. Johnson that it was Lady Errol who had
+called him out, and said that she would never let Dr. Johnson into the
+house again, if he went away that night; and that she had ordered the
+coach, to carry us to view a great curiosity on the coast, after which
+we should see the house. We cheerfully agreed.
+
+Mr. Boyd was engaged, in 1745-6, on the same side with many unfortunate
+mistaken noblemen and gentlemen. He escaped, and lay concealed for a
+year in the island of Arran, the ancient territory of the Boyds. He then
+went to France, and was about twenty years on the continent. He married
+a French Lady, and now lived very comfortably at Aberdeen, and was much
+at Slains castle. He entertained us with great civility. He had a
+pompousness or formal plenitude in his conversation, which I did not
+dislike. Dr. Johnson said, 'there was too much elaboration in his talk.'
+It gave me pleasure to see him, a steady branch of the family, setting
+forth all its advantages with much zeal. He told us that Lady Errol was
+one of the most pious and sensible women in the island; had a good head,
+and as good a heart. He said, she did not use force or fear in educating
+her children. JOHNSON. 'Sir, she is wrong[307]; I would rather have the
+rod to be the general terror to all, to make them learn, than tell a
+child if you do thus or thus, you will be more esteemed than your
+brothers or sisters. The rod produces an effect which terminates in
+itself. A child is afraid of being whipped, and gets his task, and
+there's an end on't; whereas, by exciting emulation, and comparisons of
+superiority, you lay the foundation of lasting mischief; you make
+brothers and sisters hate each other.'
+
+During Mr. Boyd's stay in Arran, he had found a chest of medical books,
+left by a surgeon there, and had read them till he acquired some skill
+in physick, in consequence of which he is often consulted by the poor.
+There were several here waiting for him as patients. We walked round the
+house till stopped by a cut made by the influx of the sea. The house is
+built quite upon the shore; the windows look upon the main ocean, and
+the King of Denmark is Lord Errol's nearest neighbour on the
+north-east[308].
+
+We got immediately into the coach, and drove to _Dunbui_, a rock near
+the shore, quite covered with sea-fowls; then to a circular bason of
+large extent, surrounded with tremendous rocks. On the quarter next the
+sea, there is a high arch in the rock, which the force of the tempest
+has driven out. This place is called _Buchan's Buller_, or the _Buller
+of Buchan_, and the country people call it the _Pot_. Mr. Boyd said it
+was so called from the French _Bouloir_. It may be more simply traced
+from _Boiler_ in our own language. We walked round this monstrous
+cauldron. In some places, the rock is very narrow; and on each side
+there is a sea deep enough for a man of war to ride in; so that it is
+somewhat horrid to move along. However, there is earth and grass upon
+the rock, and a kind of road marked out by the print of feet; so that
+one makes it out pretty safely: yet it alarmed me to see Dr. Johnson
+striding irregularly along. He insisted on taking a boat, and sailing
+into the Pot. We did so. He was stout, and wonderfully alert. The
+Buchan-men all shewing their teeth, and speaking with that strange sharp
+accent which distinguishes them, was to me a matter of curiosity. He was
+not sensible of the difference of pronunciation in the South and North
+of Scotland, which I wondered at.
+
+As the entry into the _Buller_ is so narrow that oars cannot be used as
+you go in, the method taken is, to row very hard when you come near it,
+and give the boat such a rapidity of motion that it glides in. Dr.
+Johnson observed what an effect this scene would have had, were we
+entering into an unknown place. There are caves of considerable depth; I
+think, one on each side. The boatmen had never entered either of them
+far enough to know the size. Mr. Boyd told us that it is customary for
+the company at Peterhead well, to make parties, and come and dine in one
+of the caves here.
+
+He told us, that, as Slains is at a considerable distance from Aberdeen,
+Lord Errol, who has a very large family, resolved to have a surgeon of
+his own. With this view he educated one of his tenant's sons, who is now
+settled in a very neat house and farm just by, which we saw from the
+road. By the salary which the earl allows him, and the practice which he
+has had, he is in very easy circumstances. He had kept an exact account
+of all that had been laid out on his education, and he came to his
+lordship one day, and told him that he had arrived at a much higher
+situation than ever he expected; that he was now able to repay what his
+lordship had advanced, and begged he would accept of it. The earl was
+pleased with the generous gratitude and genteel offer of the man; but
+refused it. Mr. Boyd also told us, Cumming the Quaker first began to
+distinguish himself by writing against Dr. Leechman on Prayer[309], to
+prove it unnecessary, as GOD knows best what should be, and will order
+it without our asking:--the old hackneyed objection.
+
+When we returned to the house we found coffee and tea in the
+drawing-room. Lady Errol was not there, being, as I supposed, engaged
+with her young family. There is a bow-window fronting the sea. Dr.
+Johnson repeated the ode, _Jam satis terris_[310], while Mr. Boyd was
+with his patients. He spoke well in favour of entails[311], to preserve
+lines of men whom mankind are accustomed to reverence. His opinion was
+that so much land should be entailed as that families should never fall
+into contempt, and as much left free as to give them all the advantages
+of property in case of any emergency. 'If (said he,) the nobility are
+suffered to sink into indigence[312], they of course become corrupt;
+they are ready to do whatever the king chooses; therefore it is fit they
+should be kept from becoming poor, unless it is fixed that when they
+fall below a certain standard of wealth they shall lose their
+peerages[313]. We know the House of Peers have made noble stands, when
+the House of Commons durst not. The two last years of parliament they
+dare not contradict the populace[314].'
+
+This room is ornamented with a number of fine prints, and with a whole
+length picture of Lord Errol, by Sir Joshua Reynolds. This led Dr.
+Johnson and me to talk of our amiable and elegant friend, whose
+panegyrick he concluded by saying, 'Sir Joshua Reynolds, Sir, is the
+most invulnerable man I know; the man with whom if you should quarrel,
+you would find the most difficulty how to abuse[315].'
+
+Dr. Johnson observed, the situation here was the noblest he had ever
+seen,--better than Mount Edgecumbe, reckoned the first in England;
+because, at Mount Edgecumbe[316], the sea is bounded by land on the
+other side, and though there is there the grandeur of a fleet, there is
+also the impression of there being a dock-yard, the circumstances of
+which are not agreeable. At Slains is an excellent old house. The noble
+owner has built of brick, along the square in the inside, a gallery,
+both on the first and second story, the house being no higher; so that
+he has always a dry walk, and the rooms, to which formerly there was no
+approach but through each other, have now all separate entries from the
+gallery, which is hung with Hogarth's works, and other prints. We went
+and sat a while in the library. There is a valuable numerous
+collection. It was chiefly made by Mr. Falconer, husband to the late
+Countess of Errol in her own right. This earl has added a good many
+modern books.
+
+About nine the Earl came home. Captain Gordon of Park was with him. His
+Lordship put Dr. Johnson in mind of their having dined together in
+London, along with Mr. Beauclerk. I was exceedingly pleased with Lord
+Errol. His dignified person and agreeable countenance, with the most
+unaffected affability, give me high satisfaction. From perhaps a
+weakness, or, as I rather hope, more fancy and warmth of feeling than is
+quite reasonable, my mind is ever impressed with admiration for persons
+of high birth, and I could, with the most perfect honesty, expatiate on
+Lord Errol's good qualities; but he stands in no need of my praise. His
+agreeable manners and softness of address prevented that constraint
+which the idea of his being Lord High Constable of Scotland[317] might
+otherwise have occasioned. He talked very easily and sensibly with his
+learned guest. I observed that Dr. Johnson, though he shewed that
+respect to his lordship, which, from principle, he always does to high
+rank, yet, when they came to argument, maintained that manliness which
+becomes the force and vigour of his understanding. To shew external
+deference to our superiors, is proper: to seem to yield to them in
+opinion, is meanness[318]. The earl said grace, both before and after
+supper, with much decency. He told us a story of a man who was executed
+at Perth, some years ago, for murdering a woman who was with child by
+him, and a former child he had by her. His hand was cut off: he was then
+pulled up; but the rope broke, and he was forced to lie an hour on the
+ground, till another rope was brought from Perth, the execution being in
+a wood at some distance,--at the place where the murders were committed.
+_'There_,(said my lord,) _I see the hand of Providence_.' I was really
+happy here. I saw in this nobleman the best dispositions and best
+principles; and I saw him, _in my mind's eye_[319], to be the
+representative of the ancient Boyds of Kilmarnock. I was afraid he might
+have urged drinking, as, I believe, he used formerly to do; but he drank
+port and water out of a large glass himself, and let us do as we
+pleased[320]. He went with us to our rooms at night; said, he took the
+visit very kindly; and told me, my father and he were very old
+acquaintance;--that I now knew the way to Slains, and he hoped to see me
+there again.
+
+I had a most elegant room; but there was a fire in it which blazed; and
+the sea, to which my windows looked, roared; and the pillows were made
+of the feathers of some sea-fowl, which had to me a disagreeable smell;
+so that, by all these causes, I was kept awake a good while. I saw, in
+imagination, Lord Errol's father, Lord Kilmarnock[321] (who was beheaded
+on Tower-hill in 1746), and I was somewhat dreary. But the thought did
+not last long, and I fell asleep.
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 25.
+
+We got up between seven and eight, and found Mr. Boyd in the
+dining-room, with tea and coffee before him, to give us breakfast. We
+were in an admirable humour. Lady Errol had given each of us a copy of
+an ode by Beattie, on the birth of her son, Lord Hay. Mr. Boyd asked Dr.
+Johnson how he liked it. Dr. Johnson, who did not admire it, got off
+very well, by taking it out, and reading the second and third stanzas of
+it with much melody. This, without his saying a word, pleased Mr. Boyd.
+He observed, however, to Dr. Johnson, that the expression as to the
+family of Errol,
+
+     'A thousand years have seen it shine,'
+
+compared with what went before, was an anticlimax, and that it would
+have been better
+
+     'Ages have seen,' &c.
+
+Dr. Johnson said, 'So great a number as a thousand is better. _Dolus
+latet in universalibus_. Ages might be only two ages.' He talked of the
+advantage of keeping up the connections of relationship, which produce
+much kindness. 'Every man (said he,) who comes into the world, has need
+of friends. If he has to get them for himself, half his life is spent
+before his merit is known. Relations are a man's ready friends who
+support him. When a man is in real distress, he flies into the arms of
+his relations. An old lawyer, who had much experience in making wills,
+told me, that after people had deliberated long, and thought of many for
+their executors, they settled at last by fixing on their relations. This
+shews the universality of the principle.'
+
+I regretted the decay of respect for men of family, and that a Nabob now
+would carry an election from them. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, the Nabob will
+carry it by means of his wealth, in a country where money is highly
+valued, as it must be where nothing can be had without money; but, if it
+comes to personal preference, the man of family will always carry
+it[322]. There is generally a _scoundrelism_ about a low man[323].' Mr.
+Boyd said, that was a good _ism_.
+
+I said, I believed mankind were happier in the ancient feudal state[324]
+of subordination, than they are in the modern state of independency.
+JOHNSON. 'To be sure, the _Chief_ was: but we must think of the number
+of individuals. That _they_ were less happy, seems plain; for that state
+from which all escape as soon as they can, and to which none return
+after they have left it, must be less happy; and this is the case with
+the state of dependance on a chief or great man.'
+
+I mentioned the happiness of the French in their subordination, by the
+reciprocal benevolence and attachment between the great and those in
+lower rank[325]. Mr. Boyd gave us an instance of their gentlemanly
+spirit. An old Chevalier de Malthe, of ancient _noblesse_, but in low
+circumstances, was in a coffee-house at Paris, where was Julien, the
+great manufacturer at the Gobelins, of the fine tapestry, so much
+distinguished both for the figures and the _colours_. The chevalier's
+carriage was very old. Says Julien, with a plebeian insolence, 'I think,
+Sir, you had better have your carriage new painted.' The chevalier
+looked at him with indignant contempt, and answered, 'Well, Sir, you may
+take it home and _dye_ it!' All the coffee-house rejoiced at Julien's
+confusion.
+
+We set out about nine. Dr. Johnson was curious to see one of those
+structures which northern antiquarians call a Druid's temple. I had a
+recollection of one at Strichen; which I had seen fifteen years ago; so
+we went four miles out of our road, after passing Old Deer, and went
+thither. Mr. Fraser, the proprietor, was at home, and shewed it to us.
+But I had augmented it in my mind; for all that remains is two stones
+set up on end, with a long one laid upon them, as was usual, and one
+stone at a little distance from them. That stone was the capital one of
+the circle which surrounded what now remains. Mr. Fraser was very
+hospitable[326]. There was a fair at Strichen; and he had several of his
+neighbours from it at dinner. One of them, Dr. Fraser, who had been in
+the army, remembered to have seen Dr. Johnson at a lecture on
+experimental philosophy, at Lichfield. The doctor recollected being at
+the lecture; and he was surprised to find here somebody who knew him.
+
+Mr. Fraser sent a servant to conduct us by a short passage into the
+high-road. I observed to Dr. Johnson, that I had a most disagreeable
+notion of the life of country gentlemen; that I left Mr. Fraser just
+now, as one leaves a prisoner in a jail. Dr. Johnson said, that I was
+right in thinking them unhappy; for that they had not enough to keep
+their minds in motion[327].
+
+I started a thought this afternoon which amused us a great part of the
+way. 'If, (said I,) our club should come and set up in St. Andrews, as a
+college, to teach all that each of us can, in the several departments of
+learning and taste, we should rebuild the city: we should draw a
+wonderful concourse of students.' Dr. Johnson entered fully into the
+spirit of this project. We immediately fell to distributing the offices.
+I was to teach Civil and Scotch law[328]; Burke, politicks and
+eloquence; Garrick, the art of publick speaking; Langton was to be our
+Grecian[329], Colman our Latin professor[330]; Nugent to teach
+physick[331]; Lord Charlemont, modern history[332]; Beauclerk, natural
+philosophy[333]; Vesey, Irish antiquities, or Celtick learning[334];
+Jones, Oriental learning[335]; Goldsmith, poetry and ancient history;
+Chamier, commercial politicks[336]; Reynolds, painting, and the arts
+which have beauty for their object; Chambers, the law of England[337].
+Dr. Johnson at first said, 'I'll trust theology to nobody but myself.'
+But, upon due consideration, that Percy is a clergyman, it was agreed
+that Percy should teach practical divinity and British antiquities; Dr.
+Johnson himself, logick, metaphysicks[338], and scholastick divinity. In
+this manner did we amuse ourselves;--each suggesting, and each varying
+or adding, till the whole was adjusted. Dr. Johnson said, we only wanted
+a mathematician since Dyer[339] died, who was a very good one; but as to
+every thing else, we should have a very capital university[340].
+
+We got at night to Banff. I sent Joseph on to Duff-house; but Earl Fife
+was not at home, which I regretted much, as we should have had a very
+elegant reception from his lordship. We found here but an indifferent
+inn[341]. Dr. Johnson wrote a long letter to Mrs. Thrale. I wondered to
+see him write so much so easily. He verified his own doctrine that 'a
+man may always write when he will set himself _doggedly_ to it[342].'
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, AUGUST 26.
+
+We got a fresh chaise here, a very good one, and very good horses. We
+breakfasted at Cullen. They set down dried haddocks broiled, along with
+our tea. I ate one; but Dr. Johnson was disgusted by the sight of them,
+so they were removed[343]. Cullen has a comfortable appearance, though
+but a very small town, and the houses mostly poor buildings.
+
+I called on Mr. Robertson, who has the charge of Lord Findlater's
+affairs, and was formerly Lord Monboddo's clerk, was three times in
+France with him, and translated Condamine's _Account of the Savage
+Girl_, to which his lordship wrote a preface, containing several remarks
+of his own. Robertson said, he did not believe so much as his lordship
+did; that it was plain to him, the girl confounded what she imagined
+with what she remembered: that, besides, she perceived Condamine and
+Lord Monboddo forming theories, and she adapted her story to them.
+
+Dr. Johnson said, 'It is a pity to see Lord Monboddo publish such
+notions as he has done; a man of sense, and of so much elegant learning.
+There would be little in a fool doing it; we should only laugh; but when
+a wise man does it, we are sorry. Other people have strange notions; but
+they conceal them. If they have tails, they hide them; but Monboddo is
+as jealous of his tail as a squirrel.' I shall here put down some more
+remarks of Dr. Johnson's on Lord Monboddo, which were not made exactly
+at this time, but come in well from connection. He said, he did not
+approve of a judge's calling himself _Farmer_ Burnett[344], and going
+about with a little round hat[345]. He laughed heartily at his
+lordship's saying he was an _enthusiastical_ farmer; 'for, (said he,)
+what can he do in farming by his _enthusiasm_?' Here, however, I think
+Dr. Johnson mistaken. He who wishes to be successful, or happy, ought to
+be enthusiastical, that is to say, very keen in all the occupations or
+diversions of life. An ordinary gentleman-farmer will be satisfied with
+looking at his fields once or twice a day: an enthusiastical farmer will
+be constantly employed on them; will have his mind earnestly engaged;
+will talk perpetually, of them. But Dr. Johnson has much of the _nil
+admirari_[346] in smaller concerns. That survey of life which gave birth
+to his _Vanity of Human Wishes_ early sobered his mind. Besides, so
+great a mind as his cannot be moved by inferior objects: an elephant
+does not run and skip like lesser animals.  Mr. Robertson sent a
+servant with us, to shew us through Lord Findlater's wood, by which our
+way was shortened, and we saw some part of his domain, which is indeed
+admirably laid out. Dr. Johnson did not choose to walk through it. He
+always said, that he was not come to Scotland to see fine places, of
+which there were enough in England; but wild objects,--mountains,
+--waterfalls,--peculiar manners; in short, things which he had not seen
+before. I have a notion that he at no time has had much taste for rural
+beauties. I have myself very little[347].
+
+Dr. Johnson said, there was nothing more contemptible than a country
+gentleman living beyond his income, and every year growing poorer and
+poorer[348]. He spoke strongly of the influence which a man has by being
+rich. 'A man, (said he,) who keeps his money, has in reality more use
+from it, than he can have by spending it.' I observed that this looked
+very like a paradox; but he explained it thus: 'If it were certain that
+a man would keep his money locked up for ever, to be sure he would have
+no influence; but, as so many want money, and he has the power of giving
+it, and they know not but by gaining his favour they may obtain it, the
+rich man will always have the greatest influence. He again who lavishes
+his money, is laughed at as foolish, and in a great degree with justice,
+considering how much is spent from vanity. Even those who partake of a
+man's hospitality, have but a transient kindness for him. If he has not
+the command of money, people know he cannot help them, if he would;
+whereas the rich man always can, if he will, and for the chance of that,
+will have much weight.' BOSWELL. 'But philosophers and satirists have
+all treated a miser as contemptible.' JOHNSON. 'He is so
+philosophically; but not in the practice of life[349].' BOSWELL. 'Let me
+see now:--I do not know the instances of misers in England, so as to
+examine into their influence.' JOHNSON. 'We have had few misers in
+England.' BOSWELL. 'There was Lowther[350].' JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir,
+Lowther, by keeping his money, had the command of the county, which the
+family has now lost, by spending it[351]; I take it he lent a great
+deal; and that is the way to have influence, and yet preserve one's
+wealth. A man may lend his money upon very good security, and yet have
+his debtor much under his power.' BOSWELL. 'No doubt, Sir. He can always
+distress him for the money; as no man borrows, who is able to pay on
+demand quite conveniently.'
+
+We dined at Elgin, and saw the noble ruins of the cathedral. Though it
+rained much, Dr. Johnson examined them with a most patient attention.
+He could not here feel any abhorrence at the Scottish reformers[352],
+for he had been told by Lord Hailes, that it was destroyed before the
+Reformation, by the Lord of Badenoch[353], who had a quarrel with the
+bishop. The bishop's house, and those of the other clergy, which are
+still pretty entire, do not seem to have been proportioned to the
+magnificence of the cathedral, which has been of great extent, and had
+very fine carved work. The ground within the walls of the cathedral is
+employed as a burying-place. The family of Gordon have their vault here;
+but it has nothing grand.
+
+We passed Gordon Castle[354] this forenoon, which has a princely
+appearance. Fochabers, the neighbouring village, is a poor place, many
+of the houses being ruinous; but it is remarkable, they have in general
+orchards well stored with apple-trees[355]. Elgin has what in England
+are called piazzas, that run in many places on each side of the street.
+It must have been a much better place formerly. Probably it had piazzas
+all along the town, as I have seen at Bologna. I approved much of such
+structures in a town, on account of their conveniency in wet weather.
+Dr. Johnson disapproved of them, 'because (said he) it makes the under
+story of a house very dark, which greatly over-balances the conveniency,
+when it is considered how small a part of the year it rains; how few are
+usually in the street at such times; that many who are might as well be
+at home; and the little that people suffer, supposing them to be as much
+wet as they commonly are in walking a street.'
+
+We fared but ill at our inn here; and Dr. Johnson said, this was the
+first time he had seen a dinner in Scotland that he could not eat[356].
+
+In the afternoon, we drove over the very heath where Macbeth met the
+witches, according to tradition[357]. Dr. Johnson again[358] solemnly
+repeated--
+
+     'How far is't called to Fores? What are these,
+      So wither'd, and so wild in their attire?
+      That look not like the inhabitants o' the earth,
+      And yet are on't?'
+
+He repeated a good deal more of Macbeth. His recitation[359] was grand
+and affecting, and as Sir Joshua Reynolds has observed to me, had no
+more tone than it should have: it was the better for it. He then
+parodied the _All-hail_ of the witches to Macbeth, addressing himself to
+me. I had purchased some land called _Dalblair_; and, as in Scotland it
+is customary to distinguish landed men by the name of their estates, I
+had thus two titles, _Dalblair_ and Young _Auchinleck_. So my friend, in
+imitation of
+
+     'All hail, Macbeth! hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor!'
+
+condescended to amuse himself with uttering
+
+     'All hail, Dalblair! hail to thee, Laird of Auchinleck[360]!'
+
+We got to Fores[361] at night, and found an admirable inn, in which Dr.
+Johnson was pleased to meet with a landlord who styled himself
+'Wine-Cooper, from LONDON.'
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, AUGUST 27.
+
+It was dark when we came to Fores last night; so we did not see what is
+called King Duncan's monument[362]. I shall now mark some gleanings of
+Dr. Johnson's conversation. I spoke of _Leonidas_[363], and said there
+were some good passages in it. JOHNSON. 'Why, you must _seek_ for them.'
+He said, Paul Whitehead's _Manners_[364] was a poor performance.
+Speaking of Derrick, he told me 'he had a kindness for him, and had
+often said, that if his letters had been written by one of a more
+established name, they would have been thought very pretty
+letters[365].'
+
+This morning I introduced the subject of the origin of evil[366].
+JOHNSON. 'Moral evil is occasioned by free will, which implies choice
+between good and evil. With all the evil that there is, there is no man
+but would rather be a free agent, than a mere machine without the evil;
+and what is best for each individual, must be best for the whole. If a
+man would rather be the machine, I cannot argue with him. He is a
+different being from me.' BOSWELL. 'A man, as a machine, may have
+agreeable sensations; for instance, he may have pleasure in musick.'
+JOHNSON. 'No, Sir, he cannot have pleasure in musick; at least no power
+of producing musick; for he who can produce musick may let it alone: he
+who can play upon a fiddle may break it: such a man is not a machine.'
+This reasoning satisfied me. It is certain, there cannot be a free
+agent, unless there is the power of being evil as well as good. We must
+take the inherent possibilities of things into consideration, in our
+reasonings or conjectures concerning the works of GOD.
+
+We came to Nairn to breakfast. Though a county town and a royal burgh,
+it is a miserable place. Over the room where we sat, a girl was spinning
+wool with a great wheel, and singing an Erse song[367]: 'I'll warrant
+you, (said Dr. Johnson.) one of the songs of Ossian.' He then repeated
+these lines:---
+
+     'Verse sweetens toil, however rude the sound.
+        All at her work the village maiden sings;
+      Nor while she turns the giddy wheel around,
+        Revolves the sad vicissitude of things[368].'
+
+I thought I had heard these lines before. JOHNSON. 'I fancy not, Sir;
+for they are in a detached poem, the name of which I do not remember,
+written by one Giffard, a parson.'
+
+I expected Mr. Kenneth M'Aulay[369], the minister of Calder, who
+published the history of St. Kilda[370], a book which Dr. Johnson liked,
+would have met us here, as I had written to him from Aberdeen. But I
+received a letter from him, telling me that he could not leave home, as
+he was to administer the sacrament the following Sunday, and earnestly
+requesting to see us at his manse. 'We'll go,' said Dr. Johnson; which
+we accordingly did. Mrs. M'Aulay received us, and told us her husband
+was in the church distributing tokens[371]. We arrived between twelve
+and one o'clock, and it was near three before he came to us.
+
+Dr. Johnson thanked him for his book, and said 'it was a very pretty
+piece of topography.' M'Aulay did not seem much to mind the compliment.
+From his conversation, Dr. Johnson was persuaded that he had not written
+the book which goes under his name. I myself always suspected so; and I
+have been told it was written by the learned Dr. John M'Pherson of
+Sky[372], from the materials collected by M'Aulay. Dr. Johnson said
+privately to me, 'There is a combination in it of which M'Aulay is not
+capable[373].' However, he was exceedingly hospitable; and, as he
+obligingly promised us a route for our Tour through the Western Isles,
+we agreed to stay with him all night.
+
+After dinner, we walked to the old castle of Calder (pronounced Cawder),
+the Thane of Cawdor's seat. I was sorry that my friend, this 'prosperous
+gentleman[374],' was not there. The old tower must be of great
+antiquity[375]. There is a draw-bridge--what has been a moat,--and an
+ancient court. There is a hawthorn-tree, which rises like a wooden
+pillar through the rooms of the castle; for, by a strange conceit, the
+walls have been built round it. The thickness of the walls, the small
+slaunting windows, and a great iron door at the entrance on the second
+story as you ascend the stairs, all indicate the rude times in which
+this castle was erected. There were here some large venerable trees.
+
+I was afraid of a quarrel between Dr. Johnson and Mr. M'Aulay, who
+talked slightingly of the lower English clergy. The Doctor gave him a
+frowning look, and said, 'This is a day of novelties; I have seen old
+trees in Scotland, and I have heard the English clergy treated with
+disrespect[376].'
+
+I dreaded that a whole evening at Calder manse would be heavy; however,
+Mr. Grant, an intelligent and well-bred minister in the neighbourhood,
+was there, and assisted us by his conversation. Dr. Johnson, talking of
+hereditary occupations in the Highlands, said, 'There is no harm in such
+a custom as this; but it is wrong to enforce it, and oblige a man to be
+a taylor or a smith, because his father has been one.' This custom,
+however, is not peculiar to our Highlands; it is well known that in
+India a similar practice prevails.
+
+Mr. M'Aulay began a rhapsody against creeds and confessions. Dr. Johnson
+shewed, that 'what he called _imposition_, was only a voluntary
+declaration of agreement in certain articles of faith, which a church
+has a right to require, just as any other society can insist on certain
+rules being observed by its members. Nobody is compelled to be of the
+church, as nobody is compelled to enter into a society.' This was a very
+clear and just view of the subject: but, M'Aulay could not be driven out
+of his track. Dr. Johnson said, 'Sir, you are a _bigot to laxness_.'
+
+Mr. M'Aulay and I laid the map of Scotland before us; and he pointed out
+a route for us from Inverness, by Fort Augustus, to Glenelg, Sky, Mull,
+Icolmkill, Lorn, and Inverary, which I wrote down. As my father was to
+begin the northern circuit about the 18th of September, it was necessary
+for us either to make our tour with great expedition, so as to get to
+Auchinleck before he set out, or to protract it, so as not to be there
+till his return, which would be about the 10th of October. By M'Aulay's
+calculation, we were not to land in Lorn till the 2Oth of September. I
+thought that the interruptions by bad days, or by occasional
+excursions, might make it ten days later; and I thought too, that we
+might perhaps go to Benbecula, and visit Clanranald, which would take a
+week of itself.
+
+Dr. Johnson went up with Mr. Grant to the library, which consisted of a
+tolerable collection; but the Doctor thought it rather a lady's library,
+with some Latin books in it by chance, than the library of a clergyman.
+It had only two of the Latin fathers, and one of the Greek fathers in
+Latin. I doubted whether Dr. Johnson would be present at a Presbyterian
+prayer. I told Mr. M'Aulay so, and said that the Doctor might sit in the
+library while we were at family worship. Mr. M'Aulay said, he would omit
+it, rather than give Dr. Johnson offence: but I would by no means agree
+that an excess of politeness, even to so great a man, should prevent
+what I esteem as one of the best pious regulations. I know nothing more
+beneficial, more comfortable, more agreeable, than that the little
+societies of each family should regularly assemble, and unite in praise
+and prayer to our heavenly Father, from whom we daily receive so much
+good, and may hope for more in a higher state of existence. I mentioned
+to Dr. Johnson the over-delicate scrupulosity of our host. He said, he
+had no objection to hear the prayer. This was a pleasing surprise to me;
+for he refused to go and hear Principal Robertson[377] preach. 'I will
+hear him, (said he,) if he will get up into a tree and preach; but I
+will not give a sanction, by my presence, to a Presbyterian
+assembly[378].'
+
+Mr. Grant having prayed, Dr. Johnson said, his prayer was a very good
+one; but objected to his not having introduced the Lord's Prayer[379].
+He told us, that an Italian of some note in London said once to him, 'We
+have in our service a prayer called the _Pater Noster_, which is a very
+fine composition. I wonder who is the author of it.' A singular instance
+of ignorance in a man of some literature and general inquiry[380]!
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, AUGUST 28.
+
+Dr. Johnson had brought a _Sallust_ with him in his pocket from
+Edinburgh. He gave it last night to Mr. M'Aulay's son, a smart young lad
+about eleven years old. Dr. Johnson had given an account of the
+education at Oxford, in all its gradations. The advantage of being a
+servitor to a youth of little fortune struck Mrs. M'Aulay much[381]. I
+observed it aloud. Dr. Johnson very handsomely and kindly said, that, if
+they would send their boy to him, when he was ready for the university,
+he would get him made a servitor, and perhaps would do more for him. He
+could not promise to do more; but would undertake for the
+servitorship[382].
+
+I should have mentioned that Mr. White, a Welshman, who has been many
+years factor (i.e. steward) on the estate of Calder, drank tea with us
+last night, and upon getting a note from Mr. M'Aulay, asked us to his
+house. We had not time to accept of his invitation. He gave us a letter
+of introduction to Mr. Ferne, master of stores at Fort George. He shewed
+it to me. It recommended 'two celebrated gentlemen; no less than Dr.
+Johnson, _author of his Dictionary_,--and Mr. Boswell, known at
+Edinburgh by the name of Paoli.' He said he hoped I had no objection to
+what he had written; if I had, he would alter it. I thought it was a
+pity to check his effusions, and acquiesced; taking care, however, to
+seal the letter, that it might not appear that I had read it.
+
+A conversation took place about saying grace at breakfast (as we do in
+Scotland) as well as at dinner and supper; in which Dr. Johnson said,
+'It is enough if we have stated seasons of prayer; no matter when[383].
+A man may as well pray when he mounts his horse, or a woman when she
+milks her cow, (which Mr. Grant told us is done in the Highlands,) as at
+meals; and custom is to be followed[384].'
+
+We proceeded to Fort George. When we came into the square, I sent a
+soldier with the letter to Mr. Ferne. He came to us immediately, and
+along with him came Major _Brewse_ of the Engineers, pronounced _Bruce_.
+He said he believed it was originally the same Norman name with Bruce.
+That he had dined at a house in London, where were three Bruces, one of
+the Irish line, one of the Scottish line, and himself of the English
+line. He said he was shewn it in the Herald's office spelt fourteen
+different ways[385]. I told him the different spellings of my name[386].
+Dr Johnson observed, that there had been great disputes about the
+spelling of Shakspear's name; at last it was thought it would be settled
+by looking at the original copy of his will; but, upon examining it, he
+was found to have written it himself no less than three different ways.
+
+Mr. Ferne and Major Brewse first carried us to wait on Sir Eyre
+Coote[387], whose regiment, the 37th, was lying here, and who then
+commanded the fort. He asked us to dine with him, which we agreed to do.
+
+Before dinner we examined the fort. The Major explained the
+fortification to us, and Mr. Ferne gave us an account of the stores. Dr.
+Johnson talked of the proportions of charcoal and salt-petre in making
+gunpowder, of granulating it, and of giving it a gloss[388]. He made a
+very good figure upon these topicks. He said to me afterwards, that 'he
+had talked _ostentatiously_[389].' We reposed ourselves a little in Mr.
+Ferne's house. He had every thing in neat order as in England; and a
+tolerable collection of books. I looked into Pennant's _Tour in
+Scotland_. He says little of this fort; but that 'the barracks, &c. form
+several streets[390].' This is aggrandising. Mr. Ferne observed, if he
+had said they form a square, with a row of buildings before it, he would
+have given a juster description. Dr. Johnson remarked, 'how seldom
+descriptions correspond with realities; and the reason is, that people
+do not write them till some time after, and then their imagination has
+added circumstances.'
+
+We talked of Sir Adolphus Oughton[391]. The Major said, he knew a great
+deal for a military man. JOHNSON. 'Sir, you will find few men, of any
+profession, who know more. Sir Adolphus is a very extraordinary man; a
+man of boundless curiosity and unwearied diligence.'
+
+I know not how the Major contrived to introduce the contest between
+Warburton and Lowth. JOHNSON. 'Warburton kept his temper all along,
+while Lowth was in a passion. Lowth published some of Warburton's
+letters. Warburton drew _him_ on to write some very abusive letters, and
+then asked his leave to publish them; which he knew Lowth could not
+refuse, after what _he_ had done. So that Warburton contrived that he
+should publish, apparently with Lowth's consent, what could not but shew
+Lowth in a disadvantageous light[392].'
+
+At three the drum beat for dinner. I, for a little while, fancied myself
+a military man, and it pleased me. We went to Sir Eyre Coote's, at the
+governour's house, and found him a most gentleman-like man. His lady is
+a very agreeable woman, with an uncommonly mild and sweet tone of voice.
+There was a pretty large company: Mr. Ferne, Major Brewse, and several
+officers. Sir Eyre had come from the East-Indies by land, through the
+Desarts of Arabia. He told us, the Arabs could live five days without
+victuals, and subsist for three weeks on nothing else but the blood of
+their camels, who could lose so much of it as would suffice for that
+time, without being exhausted. He highly praised the virtue of the
+Arabs; their fidelity, if they undertook to conduct any person; and
+said, they would sacrifice their lives rather than let him be robbed.
+Dr. Johnson, who is always for maintaining the superiority of civilized
+over uncivilized men[393], said, 'Why, Sir, I can see no superiour
+virtue in this. A serjeant and twelve men, who are my guard, will die,
+rather than that I shall be robbed.' Colonel Pennington, of the 37th
+regiment, took up the argument with a good deal of spirit and
+ingenuity. PENNINGTON. 'But the soldiers are compelled to this by fear
+of punishment. 'JOHNSON. 'Well, Sir, the Arabs are compelled by the fear
+of infamy.' PENNINGTON. 'The soldiers have the same fear of infamy, and
+the fear of punishment besides; so have less virtue; because they act
+less voluntarily.' Lady Coote observed very well, that it ought to be
+known if there was not, among the Arabs, some punishment for not being
+faithful on such occasions.
+
+We talked of the stage. I observed, that we had not now such a company
+of actors as in the last age; Wilks[394], Booth[395], &c. &c. JOHNSON.
+'You think so, because there is one who excels all the rest so much: you
+compare them with Garrick, and see the deficiency. Garrick's great
+distinction is his universality[396]. He can represent all modes of
+life, but that of an easy fine bred gentleman[397].' PENNINGTON. 'He
+should give over playing young parts.' JOHNSON. 'He does not take them
+now; but he does not leave off those which he has been used to play,
+because he does them better than any one else can do them. If you had
+generations of actors, if they swarmed like bees, the young ones might
+drive off the old. Mrs. Cibber[398], I think, got more reputation than
+she deserved, as she had a great sameness; though her expression was
+undoubtedly very fine. Mrs. Clive[399] was the best player I ever saw.
+Mrs. Prichard[400] was a very good one; but she had something affected
+in her manner: I imagine she had some player of the former age in her
+eye, which occasioned it.'  Colonel Pennington said, Garrick sometimes
+failed in emphasis[401]; as for instance, in _Hamlet_,
+
+     'I will speak _daggers_ to her; but use _none_[402].'
+
+instead of
+
+     'I will _speak_ daggers to her; but _use_ none.'
+
+We had a dinner of two complete courses, variety of wines, and the
+regimental band of musick playing in the square, before the windows,
+after it. I enjoyed this day much. We were quite easy and cheerful. Dr.
+Johnson said, 'I shall always remember this fort with gratitude.' I
+could not help being struck with some admiration, at finding upon this
+barren sandy point, such buildings,--such a dinner,--such company: it
+was like enchantment. Dr. Johnson, on the other hand, said to me more
+rationally, that 'it did not strike _him_ as any thing extraordinary;
+because he knew, here was a large sum of money expended in building a
+fort; here was a regiment. If there had been less than what we found, it
+would have surprised him.' _He_ looked coolly and deliberately through
+all the gradations: my warm imagination jumped from the barren sands to
+the splendid dinner and brilliant company, to borrow the expression of
+an absurd poet,
+
+                         'Without ands or ifs,
+     I leapt from off the sands upon the cliffs.'
+
+The whole scene gave me a strong impression of the power and excellence
+of human art.
+
+We left the fort between six and seven o'clock: Sir Eyre Coote, Colonel
+Pennington, and several more accompanied us down stairs, and saw us into
+our chaise. There could not be greater attention paid to any visitors.
+Sir Eyre spoke of the hardships which Dr. Johnson had before him.
+BOSWELL. 'Considering what he has said of us, we must make him feel
+something rough in Scotland.' Sir Eyre said to him, 'You must change
+your name, Sir.' BOSWELL. 'Ay, to Dr. M'Gregor[403].'  We got safely to
+Inverness, and put up at Mackenzie's inn. Mr. Keith, the collector of
+Excise here, my old acquaintance at Ayr, who had seen us at the Fort,
+visited us in the evening, and engaged us to dine with him next day,
+promising to breakfast with us, and take us to the English chapel; so
+that we were at once commodiously arranged.
+
+Not finding a letter here that I expected, I felt a momentary impatience
+to be at home. Transient clouds darkened my imagination, and in those
+clouds I saw events from which I shrunk; but a sentence or two of the
+_Rambler's_ conversation gave me firmness, and I considered that I was
+upon an expedition for which I had wished for years, and the
+recollection of which would be a treasure to me for life.
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, AUGUST 29.
+
+Mr. Keith breakfasted with us. Dr. Johnson expatiated rather too
+strongly upon the benefits derived to Scotland from the Union[404], and
+the bad state of our people before it. I am entertained with his copious
+exaggeration upon that subject; but I am uneasy when people are by, who
+do not know him as well as I do, and may be apt to think him
+narrow-minded[405]. I therefore diverted the subject.
+
+The English chapel, to which we went this morning, was but mean. The
+altar was a bare fir table, with a coarse stool for kneeling on, covered
+with a piece of thick sail-cloth doubled, by way of cushion. The
+congregation was small. Mr. Tait, the clergyman, read prayers very well,
+though with much of the Scotch accent. He preached on '_Love your
+Enemies_[406].' It was remarkable that, when talking of the connections
+amongst men, he said, that some connected themselves with men of
+distinguished talents, and since they could not equal them, tried to
+deck themselves with their merit, by being their companions. The
+sentence was to this purpose. It had an odd coincidence with what might
+be said of my connecting myself with Dr. Johnson[407].
+
+After church we walked down to the Quay. We then went to Macbeth's
+castle[408]. I had a romantick satisfaction in seeing Dr. Johnson
+actually in it. It perfectly corresponds with Shakspear's description,
+which Sir Joshua Reynolds has so happily illustrated, in one of his
+notes on our immortal poet[409]:
+
+          'This castle hath a pleasant seat: the air
+          Nimbly and sweetly recommends itself
+          Unto our gentle sense,' &c.[410]
+
+Just as we came out of it, a raven perched on one of the chimney-tops,
+and croaked. Then I repeated
+
+           '----The raven himself is hoarse,
+           That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan
+           Under my battlements[411].'
+
+We dined at Mr. Keith's. Mrs. Keith was rather too attentive to Dr.
+Johnson, asking him many questions about his drinking only water. He
+repressed that observation, by saying to me, 'You may remember that Lady
+Errol took no notice of this.'
+
+Dr. Johnson has the happy art (for which I have heard my father praise
+the old Earl of Aberdeen) of instructing himself, by making every man he
+meets tell him something of what he knows best. He led Keith to talk to
+him of the Excise in Scotland, and, in the course of conversation,
+mentioned that his friend Mr. Thrale, the great brewer, paid twenty
+thousand pounds a year to the revenue; and that he had four casks, each
+of which holds sixteen hundred barrels,--above a thousand hogsheads.
+
+After this there was little conversation that deserves to be remembered.
+I shall therefore here again glean what I have omitted on former days.
+Dr. Gerrard, at Aberdeen, told us, that when he was in Wales, he was
+shewn a valley inhabited by Danes, who still retain their own language,
+and are quite a distinct people. Dr. Johnson thought it could not be
+true, or all the kingdom must have heard of it. He said to me, as we
+travelled, 'these people, Sir, that Gerrard talks of, may have somewhat
+of a _peregrinity_ in their dialect, which relation has augmented to a
+different language.' I asked him if _peregrinity_ was an English word:
+he laughed, and said, 'No.' I told him this was the second time that I
+had heard him coin a word[412]. When Foote broke his leg, I observed
+that it would make him fitter for taking off George Faulkner as Peter
+Paragraph[413], poor George having a wooden leg. Dr. Johnson at that
+time said, 'George will rejoice at the _depeditation_ of Foote;' and
+when I challenged that word, laughed, and owned he had made it, and
+added that he had not made above three or four in his _Dictionary_[414].
+ Having conducted Dr. Johnson to our inn, I begged permission to leave
+him for a little, that I might run about and pay some short visits to
+several good people of Inverness. He said to me 'You have all the
+old-fashioned principles, good and bad' I acknowledge I have. That of
+attention to relations in the remotest degree, or to worthy persons, in
+every state whom I have once known, I inherit from my father. It gave me
+much satisfaction to hear every body at Inverness speak of him with
+uncommon regard. Mr. Keith and Mr. Grant, whom we had seen at Mr.
+M'Aulay's, supped with us at the inn. We had roasted kid, which Dr.
+Johnson had never tasted before. He relished it much.
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, AUGUST 30.
+
+This day we were to begin our _equitation,_ as I said; for _I_ would
+needs make a word too. It is remarkable, that my noble, and to me most
+constant friend, the Earl of Pembroke[415], (who, if there is too much
+ease on my part, will please to pardon what his benevolent, gay, social
+intercourse, and lively correspondence have insensibly produced,) has
+since hit upon the very same word. The title of the first edition of his
+lordship's very useful book was, in simple terms, _A Method of breaking
+Horses and teaching Soldiers to ride._ The title of the second edition
+is, 'MILITARY EQUITATION[416].'
+
+We might have taken a chaise to Fort Augustus, but, had we not hired
+horses at Inverness, we should not have found them afterwards: so we
+resolved to begin here to ride. We had three horses, for Dr. Johnson,
+myself, and Joseph, and one which carried our portmanteaus, and two
+Highlanders who walked along with us, John Hay and Lauchland Vass, whom
+Dr. Johnson has remembered with credit in his JOURNEY[417], though he
+has omitted their names. Dr. Johnson rode very well.  About three miles
+beyond Inverness, we saw, just by the road, a very complete specimen of
+what is called a Druid's temple. There was a double circle, one of very
+large, the other of smaller stones. Dr. Johnson justly observed, that
+'to go and see one druidical temple is only to see that it is nothing,
+for there is neither art nor power in it; and seeing one is
+quite enough.'
+
+It was a delightful day. Lochness, and the road upon the side of it,
+shaded with birch trees, and the hills above it, pleased us much. The
+scene was as sequestered and agreeably wild as could be desired, and for
+a time engrossed all our attention[418].
+
+To see Dr. Johnson in any new situation is always an interesting object
+to me; and, as I saw him now for the first time on horseback, jaunting
+about at his ease in quest of pleasure and novelty, the very different
+occupations of his former laborious life, his admirable productions, his
+_London_, his _Rambler_, &c. &c., immediately presented themselves to my
+mind, and the contrast made a strong impression on my imagination.
+
+When we had advanced a good way by the side of Lochness, I perceived a
+little hut, with an old-looking woman at the door of it. I thought here
+might be a scene that would amuse Dr. Johnson; so I mentioned it to him.
+'Let's go in,' said he. We dismounted, and we and our guides entered the
+hut. It was a wretched little hovel of earth only, I think, and for a
+window had only a small hole, which was stopped with a piece of turf,
+that was taken out occasionally to let in light. In the middle of the
+room or space which we entered, was a fire of peat, the smoke going out
+at a hole in the roof. She had a pot upon it, with goat's flesh,
+boiling. There was at one end under the same roof, but divided by a kind
+of partition made of wattles, a pen or fold in which we saw a good
+many kids.
+
+Dr. Johnson was curious to know where she slept. I asked one of the
+guides, who questioned her in Erse. She answered with a tone of emotion,
+saying, (as he told us,) she was afraid we wanted to go to bed to her.
+This _coquetry_, or whatever it may be called, of so wretched a being,
+was truly ludicrous. Dr. Johnson and I afterwards were merry upon it. I
+said it was he who alarmed the poor woman's virtue. 'No, Sir, (said he,)
+she'll say "there came a wicked young fellow, a wild dog, who I believe
+would have ravished me, had there not been with him a grave old
+gentleman, who repressed him: but when he gets out of the sight of his
+tutor, I'll warrant you he'll spare no woman he meets, young or old."'
+'No, Sir, (I replied,) she'll say, "There was a terrible ruffian who
+would have forced me, had it not been for a civil decent young man who,
+I take it, was an angel sent from heaven to protect me."'
+
+Dr. Johnson would not hurt her delicacy, by insisting on 'seeing her
+bed-chamber,' like _Archer_ in the _Beaux Stratagem_[419]. But my
+curiosity was more ardent; I lighted a piece of paper, and went into the
+place where the bed was. There was a little partition of wicker, rather
+more neatly done than that for the fold, and close by the wall was a
+kind of bedstead of wood with heath upon it by way of bed! at the foot
+of which I saw some sort of blankets or covering rolled up in a heap.
+The woman's name was Fraser; so was her husband's. He was a man of
+eighty. Mr. Fraser of Balnain allows him to live in this hut, and keep
+sixty goats, for taking care of his woods, where he then was. They had
+five children, the eldest only thirteen. Two were gone to Inverness to
+buy meal[420]; the rest were looking after the goats. This contented
+family had four stacks of barley, twenty-four sheaves in each. They had
+a few fowls. We were informed that they lived all the spring without
+meal, upon milk and curds and whey alone. What they get for their goats,
+kids, and fowls, maintains them during the rest of the year.  She asked
+us to sit down and take a dram. I saw one chair. She said she was as
+happy as any woman in Scotland. She could hardly speak any English
+except a few detached words. Dr. Johnson was pleased at seeing, for the
+first time, such a state of human life. She asked for snuff. It is her
+luxury, and she uses a great deal. We had none; but gave her sixpence a
+piece. She then brought out her whiskey bottle. I tasted it; as did
+Joseph and our guides, so I gave her sixpence more. She sent us away
+with many prayers in Erse.
+
+We dined at a publick house called the General's Hut[421], from General
+Wade, who was lodged there when he commanded in the North. Near it is
+the meanest parish _Kirk_ I ever saw. It is a shame it should be on a
+high road. After dinner, we passed through a good deal of mountainous
+country. I had known Mr. Trapaud, the deputy governour of Fort Augustus,
+twelve years ago, at a circuit at Inverness, where my father was judge.
+I sent forward one of our guides, and Joseph, with a card to him, that
+he might know Dr. Johnson and I were coming up, leaving it to him to
+invite us or not[422]. It was dark when we arrived. The inn was
+wretched. Government ought to build one, or give the resident governour
+an additional salary; as in the present state of things, he must
+necessarily be put to a great expence in entertaining travellers. Joseph
+announced to us, when we alighted, that the governour waited for us at
+the gate of the fort. We walked to it. He met us, and with much civility
+conducted us to his house. It was comfortable to find ourselves in a
+well-built little square, and a neatly furnished house, in good company,
+and with a good supper before us; in short, with all the conveniences of
+civilised life in the midst of rude mountains. Mrs. Trapaud, and the
+governour's daughter, and her husband, Captain Newmarsh, were all most
+obliging and polite. The governour had excellent animal spirits, the
+conversation of a soldier, and somewhat of a Frenchman, to which his
+extraction entitles him. He is brother to General Cyrus Trapaud. We
+passed a very agreeable evening.[423]
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, AUGUST 31.
+
+The governour has a very good garden. We looked at it, and at the rest
+of the fort, which is but small, and may be commanded from a variety of
+hills around. We also looked at the galley or sloop belonging to the
+fort, which sails upon the Loch, and brings what is wanted for the
+garrison. Captains Urie and Darippe, of the 15th regiment of foot,
+breakfasted with us. They had served in America, and entertained Dr.
+Johnson much with an account of the Indians.[424] He said, he could make
+a very pretty book out of them, were he to stay there. Governour Trapaud
+was much struck with Dr. Johnson. 'I like to hear him, (said he,) it is
+so majestick. I should be glad to hear him speak in your court.' He
+pressed us to stay dinner; but I considered that we had a rude road
+before us, which we could more easily encounter in the morning, and that
+it was hard to say when we might get up, were we to sit down to good
+entertainment, in good company: I therefore begged the governour would
+excuse us. Here too, I had another very pleasing proof how much my
+father is regarded. The governour expressed the highest respect for him,
+and bade me tell him, that, if he would come that way on the Northern
+circuit, he would do him all the honours of the garrison.
+
+Between twelve and one we set out, and travelled eleven miles, through a
+wild country, till we came to a house in Glenmorison, called _Anoch_,
+kept by a McQueen[425]. Our landlord was a sensible fellow; he had
+learned his grammar[426], and Dr. Johnson justly observed, that 'a man
+is the better for that as long as he lives.' There were some books here:
+_a Treatise against Drunkenness_, translated from the French; a volume
+of _The Spectator_; a volume of _Prideaux's Connection_, and _Cyrus's
+Travels_[427]. McQueen said he had more volumes; and his pride seemed to
+be much piqued that we were surprised at his having books.
+
+Near to this place we had passed a party of soldiers, under a serjeant's
+command, at work upon the road. We gave them two shillings to drink.
+They came to our inn, and made merry in the barn. We went and paid them
+a visit, Dr. Johnson saying, 'Come, let's go and give 'em another
+shilling a-piece.' We did so; and he was saluted 'MY LORD' by all of
+them. He is really generous, loves influence, and has the way of gaining
+it. He said, 'I am quite feudal, Sir.' Here I agree with him. I said, I
+regretted I was not the head of a clan; however, though not possessed of
+such an hereditary advantage, I would always endeavour to make my
+tenants follow me. I could not be a _patriarchal_ chief, but I would be
+a _feudal_ chief.
+
+The poor soldiers got too much liquor. Some of them fought, and left
+blood upon the spot, and cursed whiskey next morning. The house here was
+built of thick turfs, and thatched with thinner turfs and heath. It had
+three rooms in length, and a little room which projected. Where we sat,
+the side-walls were _wainscotted_, as Dr. Johnson said, with wicker,
+very neatly plaited. Our landlord had made the whole with his own hands.
+
+After dinner, McQueen sat by us a while, and talked with us. He said,
+all the Laird of Glenmorison's people would bleed for him if they were
+well used; but that seventy men had gone out of the Glen to America.
+That he himself intended to go next year; for that the rent of his farm,
+which twenty years ago was only five pounds, was now raised to twenty
+pounds. That he could pay ten pounds and live; but no more.[428] Dr.
+Johnson said, he wished M'Queen laird of Glenmorison, and the laird to
+go to America. M'Queen very generously answered, he should be sorry for
+it; for the laird could not shift for himself in America as he could do.
+
+I talked of the officers whom we had left to-day; how much service they
+had seen, and how little they got for it, even of fame. JOHNSON. 'Sir, a
+soldier gets as little as any man can get.' BOSWELL. 'Goldsmith has
+acquired more fame than all the officers last war, who were not
+Generals.'[429] JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, you will find ten thousand fit to do
+what they did, before you find one who does what Goldsmith has done. You
+must consider, that a thing is valued according to its rarity. A pebble
+that paves the street is in itself more useful than the diamond upon a
+lady's finger.' I wish our friend Goldsmith had heard this.[430]
+
+I yesterday expressed my wonder that John Hay, one of our guides, who
+had been pressed aboard a man of war, did not choose to continue in it
+longer than nine months, after which time he got off. JOHNSON. 'Why,
+Sir, no man will be a sailor, who has contrivance enough to get himself
+into a jail; for, being in a ship is being in a jail, with the chance of
+being drowned.'[431]  We had tea in the afternoon, and our landlord's
+daughter, a modest civil girl, very neatly drest, made it for us. She
+told us, she had been a year at Inverness, and learnt reading and
+writing, sewing, knotting[432], working lace, and pastry. Dr. Johnson
+made her a present of a book which he had bought at Inverness[433].
+
+The room had some deals laid across the joists, as a kind of ceiling.
+There were two beds in the room, and a woman's gown was hung on a rope
+to make a curtain of separation between them. Joseph had sheets, which
+my wife had sent with us, laid on them. We had much hesitation, whether
+to undress, or lie down with our clothes on. I said at last, 'I'll
+plunge in! There will be less harbour for vermin about me, when I am
+stripped!' Dr. Johnson said, he was like one hesitating whether to go
+into the cold bath. At last he resolved too. I observed he might serve a
+campaign. JOHNSON. 'I could do all that can be done by patience: whether
+I should have strength enough, I know not.' He was in excellent humour.
+To see the Rambler as I saw him to-night, was really an amusement. I
+yesterday told him, I was thinking of writing a poetical letter to him,
+_on his return from Scotland_, in the style of Swift's humorous epistle
+in the character of Mary Gulliver to her husband, Captain Lemuel
+Gulliver, on his return to England from the country of the HOUYHNHUMS:--
+
+     'At early morn I to the market haste,
+      Studious in ev'ry thing to please thy taste.
+      A curious _fowl_ and _sparagrass_ I chose;
+      (For I remember you were fond of those:)
+      Three shillings cost the first, the last sev'n groats;
+      Sullen you turn from both, and call for OATS[434]:'
+
+He laughed, and asked in whose name I would write it. I said, in Mrs.
+Thrale's. He was angry. 'Sir, if you have any sense of decency or
+delicacy, you won't do that!' BOSWELL. 'Then let it be in Cole's, the
+landlord of the _Mitre tavern_; where we have so often sat together.'
+JOHNSON. 'Ay, that may do.'
+
+After we had offered up our private devotions, and had chatted a little
+from our beds, Dr. Johnson said, 'GOD bless us both, for Jesus Christ's
+sake! Good night!' I pronounced 'Amen.' He fell asleep immediately. I
+was not so fortunate for a long time. I fancied myself bit by
+innumerable vermin under the clothes; and that a spider was travelling
+from the _wainscot_ towards my mouth. At last I fell into insensibility.
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 1.
+
+I awaked very early. I began to imagine that the landlord, being about
+to emigrate, might murder us to get our money, and lay it upon the
+soldiers in the barn. Such groundless fears will arise in the mind,
+before it has resumed its vigour after sleep! Dr. Johnson had had the
+same kind of ideas; for he told me afterwards, that he considered so
+many soldiers, having seen us, would be witnesses, should any harm be
+done, and that circumstance, I suppose, he considered as a
+security.[435] When I got up, I found him sound asleep in his miserable
+_stye_, as I may call it, with a coloured handkerchief tied round his
+head. With difficulty could I awaken him. It reminded me of Henry the
+Fourth's fine soliloquy on sleep; for there was here as _uneasy a
+pallet_[436] as the poet's imagination could possibly conceive.
+
+A _red coat_ of the 15th regiment, whether officer, or only serjeant, I
+could not be sure, came to the house, in his way to the mountains to
+shoot deer, which it seems the Laird of Glenmorison does not hinder any
+body to do. Few, indeed, can do them harm. We had him to breakfast with
+us. We got away about eight. M'Queen walked some miles to give us a
+convoy. He had, in 1745, joined the Highland army at Fort Augustus, and
+continued in it till after the battle of Culloden. As he narrated the
+particulars of that ill-advised, but brave attempt, I could not refrain
+from tears. There is a certain association of ideas in my mind upon that
+subject, by which I am strongly affected. The very Highland names, or
+the sound of a bagpipe, will stir my blood, and fill me with a mixture
+of melancholy and respect for courage; with pity for an unfortunate and
+superstitious regard for antiquity, and thoughtless inclination for war;
+in short, with a crowd of sensations with which sober rationality has
+nothing to do.
+
+We passed through Glensheal, with prodigious mountains on each side. We
+saw where the battle was fought in the year 1719.[437] Dr. Johnson
+owned he was now in a scene of as wild nature as he could see; but he
+corrected me sometimes in my inaccurate observations. 'There, (said I,)
+is a mountain like a cone.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir. It would be called so in
+a book; and when a man comes to look at it, he sees it is not so. It is
+indeed pointed at the top; but one side of it is larger than the
+other[438].' Another mountain I called immense. JOHNSON. 'No; it is no
+more than a considerable protuberance.'
+
+We came to a rich green valley, comparatively speaking, and stopped a
+while to let our horses rest and eat grass[439]. We soon afterwards came
+to Auchnasheal, a kind of rural village, a number of cottages being
+built together, as we saw all along in the Highlands. We passed many
+miles this day without seeing a house, but only little summer-huts,
+called _shielings_. Evan Campbell, servant to Mr. Murchison, factor to
+the Laird of Macleod in Glenelg, ran along with us to-day. He was a
+very obliging fellow. At Auchnasheal, we sat down on a green turf seat
+at the end of a house; they brought us out two wooden dishes of milk,
+which we tasted. One of them was frothed like a syllabub. I saw a woman
+preparing it with such a stick as is used for chocolate, and in the same
+manner. We had a considerable circle about us, men, women, and children,
+all M'Craas, Lord Seaforth's people. Not one of them could speak
+English. I observed to Dr. Johnson, it was much the same as being with a
+tribe of Indians. JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; but not so terrifying[440].' I
+gave all who chose it, snuff and tobacco. Governour Trapaud had made us
+buy a quantity at Fort Augustus, and put them up in small parcels. I
+also gave each person a bit of wheat bread, which they had never tasted
+before. I then gave a penny apiece to each child. I told Dr. Johnson of
+this; upon which he called to Joseph and our guides, for change for a
+shilling, and declared that he would distribute among the children. Upon
+this being announced in Erse, there was a great stir; not only did some
+children come running down from neighbouring huts, but I observed one
+black-haired man, who had been with us all along, had gone off, and
+returned, bringing a very young child. My fellow traveller then ordered
+the children to be drawn up in a row; and he dealt about his copper, and
+made them and their parents all happy. The poor M'Craas, whatever may be
+their present state, were of considerable estimation in the year 1715,
+when there was a line in a song,
+
+     'And aw the brave M'Craas are coming[441].'
+
+There was great diversity in the faces of the circle around us: some
+were as black and wild in their appearance as any American savages
+whatever. One woman was as comely almost as the figure of Sappho, as we
+see it painted. We asked the old woman, the mistress of the house where
+we had the milk, (which by the bye, Dr. Johnson told me, for I did not
+observe it myself, was built not of turf, but of stone,) what we should
+pay. She said, what we pleased. One of our guides asked her in Erse, if
+a shilling was enough. She said, 'yes.' But some of the men bade her ask
+more[442]. This vexed me; because it shewed a desire to impose upon
+strangers, as they knew that even a shilling was high payment. The
+woman, however, honestly persisted in her first price; so I gave her
+half a crown. Thus we had one good scene of life uncommon to us. The
+people were very much pleased, gave us many blessings, and said they had
+not had such a day since the old Laird of Macleod's time.
+
+Dr. Johnson was much refreshed by this repast. He was pleased when I
+told him he would make a good Chief. He said, 'Were I a chief, I would
+dress my servants better than myself, and knock a fellow down if he
+looked saucy to a Macdonald in rags: but I would not treat men as
+brutes. I would let them know why all of my clan were to have attention
+paid to them. I would tell my upper servants why, and make them tell the
+others.'  We rode on well[443], till we came to the high mountain
+called the Rattakin, by which time both Dr. Johnson and the horses were
+a good deal fatigued. It is a terrible steep to climb, notwithstanding
+the road is formed slanting along it; however, we made it out. On the
+top of it we met Captain M'Leod of Balmenoch (a Dutch officer who had
+come from Sky) riding with his sword slung across him. He asked, 'Is
+this Mr. Boswell?' which was a proof that we were expected. Going down
+the hill on the other side was no easy task. As Dr. Johnson was a great
+weight, the two guides agreed that he should ride the horses
+alternately. Hay's were the two best, and the Doctor would not ride but
+upon one or other of them, a black or a brown. But as Hay complained
+much after ascending the _Rattakin_, the Doctor was prevailed with to
+mount one of Vass's greys. As he rode upon it down hill, it did not go
+well; and he grumbled. I walked on a little before, but was excessively
+entertained with the method taken to keep him in good humour. Hay led
+the horse's head, talking to Dr. Johnson as much as he could; and
+(having heard him, in the forenoon, express a pastoral pleasure on
+seeing the goats browzing) just when the Doctor was uttering his
+displeasure, the fellow cried, with a very Highland accent, 'See, such
+pretty goats!' Then he whistled, _whu!_ and made them jump. Little did
+he conceive what Dr. Johnson was. Here now was a common ignorant
+Highland clown, imagining that he could divert, as one does a
+child,--_Dr. Samuel Johnson!_ The ludicrousness, absurdity, and
+extraordinary contrast between what the fellow fancied, and the reality,
+was truly comick.
+
+It grew dusky; and we had a very tedious ride for what was called five
+miles; but I am sure would measure ten. We had no conversation. I was
+riding forward to the inn at Glenelg, on the shore opposite to Sky, that
+I might take proper measures, before Dr. Johnson, who was now advancing
+in dreary silence, Hay leading his horse, should arrive. Vass also
+walked by the side of his horse, and Joseph followed behind: as
+therefore he was thus attended, and seemed to be in deep meditation, I
+thought there could be no harm in leaving him for a little while. He
+called me back with a tremendous shout, and was really in a passion with
+me for leaving him. I told him my intentions, but he was not satisfied,
+and said, 'Do you know, I should as soon have thought of picking a
+pocket, as doing so?' BOSWELL. 'I am diverted with you, Sir.' JOHNSON.
+'Sir, I could never be diverted with incivility. Doing such a thing,
+makes one lose confidence in him who has done it, as one cannot tell
+what he may do next.' His extraordinary warmth confounded me so much,
+that I justified myself but lamely to him; yet my intentions were not
+improper. I wished to get on, to see how we were to be lodged, and how
+we were to get a boat; all which I thought I could best settle myself,
+without his having any trouble. To apply his great mind to minute
+particulars, is wrong: it is like taking an immense balance, such as is
+kept on quays for weighing cargoes of ships,--to weigh a guinea. I knew
+I had neat little scales, which would do better; and that his attention
+to every thing which falls in his way, and his uncommon desire to be
+always in the right, would make him weigh, if he knew of the
+particulars: it was right therefore for me to weigh them, and let him
+have them only in effect. I however continued to ride by him, finding he
+wished I should do so.
+
+As we passed the barracks at Bernéra, I looked at them wishfully, as
+soldiers have always every thing in the best order: but there was only a
+serjeant and a few men there. We came on to the inn at Glenelg. There
+was no provender for our horses; so they were sent to grass, with a man
+to watch them. A maid shewed us up stairs into a room damp and dirty,
+with bare walls, a variety of bad smells, a coarse black greasy fir
+table, and forms of the same kind; and out of a wretched bed started a
+fellow from his sleep, like Edgar in _King Lear_[444], '_Poor Tom's a
+cold_[445].'  This inn was furnished with not a single article that we
+could either eat or drink[446]; but Mr. Murchison, factor to the Laird
+of Macleod in Glenelg, sent us a bottle of rum and some sugar, with a
+polite message, to acquaint us, that he was very sorry that he did not
+hear of us till we had passed his house, otherwise he should have
+insisted on our sleeping there that night; and that, if he were not
+obliged to set out for Inverness early next morning, he would have
+waited upon us. Such extraordinary attention from this gentleman, to
+entire strangers, deserves the most honourable commemoration.
+
+Our bad accommodation here made me uneasy, and almost fretful. Dr.
+Johnson was calm. I said, he was so from vanity. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir, it
+is from philosophy.' It pleased me to see that the _Rambler_ could
+practise so well his own lessons.
+
+I resumed the subject of my leaving him on the road, and endeavoured to
+defend it better. He was still violent upon that head, and said, 'Sir,
+had you gone on, I was thinking that I should have returned with you to
+Edinburgh, and then have parted from you, and never spoken to you more.'
+
+I sent for fresh hay, with which we made beds for ourselves, each in a
+room equally miserable. Like Wolfe, we had a 'choice of
+difficulties[447]'. Dr. Johnson made things easier by comparison. At
+M'Queen's, last night, he observed that few were so well lodged in a
+ship. To-night he said, we were better than if we had been upon the
+hill. He lay down buttoned up in his great coat. I had my sheets spread
+on the hay, and my clothes and great coat laid over me, by way
+of blankets.
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 2.
+
+I had slept ill. Dr. Johnson's anger had affected me much. I considered
+that, without any bad intention, I might suddenly forfeit his
+friendship; and was impatient to see him this morning. I told him how
+uneasy he had made me, by what he had said, and reminded him of his own
+remark at Aberdeen, upon old friendships being hastily broken off. He
+owned he had spoken to me in passion; that he would not have done what
+he threatened; and that, if he had, he should have been ten times worse
+than I; that forming intimacies, would indeed be 'limning the
+water[448],' were they liable to such sudden dissolution; and he added,
+'Let's think no more on't.' BOSWELL. 'Well then, Sir, I shall be easy.
+Remember, I am to have fair warning in case of any quarrel. You are
+never to spring a mine upon me. It was absurd in me to believe you.'
+JOHNSON. 'You deserved about as much, as to believe me from night
+to morning.'
+
+After breakfast, we got into a boat for Sky. It rained much when we set
+off, but cleared up as we advanced. One of the boatmen, who spoke
+English, said, that a mile at land was two miles at sea. I then
+observed, that from Glenelg to Armidale in Sky, which was our present
+course, and is called twelve, was only six miles: but this he could not
+understand. 'Well, (said Dr. Johnson,) never talk to me of the native
+good sense of the Highlanders. Here is a fellow who calls one mile two,
+and yet cannot comprehend that twelve such imaginary miles make in
+truth but six.'
+
+We reached the shore of Armidale before one o'clock. Sir Alexander
+M'Donald came down to receive us. He and his lady, (formerly Miss
+Bosville of Yorkshire[449],) were then in a house built by a tenant at
+this place, which is in the district of Slate, the family mansion here
+having been burned in Sir Donald Macdonald's time.  The most ancient
+seat of the chief of the Macdonalds in the isle of Sky was at Duntulm,
+where there are the remains of a stately castle. The principal residence
+of the family is now at Mugstot, at which there is a considerable
+building. Sir Alexander and Lady Macdonald had come to Armidale in their
+way to Edinburgh, where it was necessary for them to be soon after this
+time.  Armidale is situated on a pretty bay of the narrow sea, which
+flows between the main land of Scotland and the Isle of Sky. In front
+there is a grand prospect of the rude mountains of Moidart and
+Knoidart[451]. Behind are hills gently rising and covered with a finer
+verdure than I expected to see in this climate, and the scene is
+enlivened by a number of little clear brooks.
+
+Sir Alexander Macdonald having been an Eton scholar[452], and being a
+gentleman of talents, Dr. Johnson had been very well pleased with him in
+London[453]. But my fellow-traveller and I were now full of the old
+Highland spirit, and were dissatisfied at hearing of racked rents and
+emigration, and finding a chief not surrounded by his clan. Dr. Johnson
+said, 'Sir, the Highland chiefs should not be allowed to go farther
+south than Aberdeen. A strong-minded man, like Sir James Macdonald[454],
+may be improved by an English education; but in general, they will be
+tamed into insignificance.'
+
+We found here Mr. Janes of Aberdeenshire, a naturalist. Janes said he
+had been at Dr. Johnson's in London, with Ferguson the astronomer[455].
+JOHNSON. 'It is strange that, in such distant places, I should meet with
+any one who knows me. I should have thought I might hide myself in Sky.'
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 3.
+
+This day proving wet, we should have passed our time very uncomfortably,
+had we not found in the house two chests of books, which we eagerly
+ransacked. After dinner, when I alone was left at table with the few
+Highland gentlemen who were of the company, having talked with very high
+respect of Sir James Macdonald, they were all so much affected as to
+shed tears. One of them was Mr. Donald Macdonald, who had been
+lieutenant of grenadiers in the Highland regiment, raised by Colonel
+Montgomery, now Earl of Eglintoune, in the war before last; one of those
+regiments which the late Lord Chatham prided himself in having brought
+from 'the mountains of the North[456]:' by doing which he contributed to
+extinguish in the Highlands the remains of disaffection to the present
+Royal Family. From this gentleman's conversation, I first learnt how
+very popular his Colonel was among the Highlanders; of which I had such
+continued proofs, during the whole course of my Tour, that on my return
+I could not help telling the noble Earl himself, that I did not before
+know how great a man he was.
+
+We were advised by some persons here to visit Rasay, in our way to
+Dunvegan, the seat of the Laird of Macleod. Being informed that the Rev.
+Mr. Donald M'Queen was the most intelligent man in Sky, and having been
+favoured with a letter of introduction to him, by the learned Sir James
+Foulis, I sent it to him by an express, and requested he would meet us
+at Rasay; and at the same time enclosed a letter to the Laird of
+Macleod, informing him that we intended in a few days to have the honour
+of waiting on him at Dunvegan.
+
+Dr. Johnson this day endeavoured to obtain some knowledge of the state
+of the country; but complained that he could get no distinct information
+about any thing, from those with whom he conversed[457].
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 4.
+
+My endeavours to rouse the English-bred Chieftain[458], in whose house
+we were, to the feudal and patriarchal feelings, proving ineffectual,
+Dr. Johnson this morning tried to bring him to our way of thinking.
+JOHNSON. 'Were I in your place, Sir, in seven years I would make this an
+independant island. I would roast oxen whole, and hang out a flag as a
+signal to the Macdonalds to come and get beef and whiskey.' Sir
+Alexander was still starting difficulties. JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir; if you
+are born to object, I have done with you. Sir, I would have a magazine
+of arms.' SIR ALEXANDER. 'They would rust.' JOHNSON. 'Let there be men
+to keep them clean. Your ancestors did not use to let their arms
+rust[459].'
+
+We attempted in vain to communicate to him a portion of our enthusiasm.
+He bore with so polite a good nature our warm, and what some might call
+Gothick, expostulations, on this subject, that I should not forgive
+myself, were I to record all that Dr. Johnson's ardour led him to
+say.--This day was little better than a blank.
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 5.
+
+I walked to the parish church of Slate, which is a very poor one. There
+are no church bells in the island. I was told there were once some; what
+has become of them, I could not learn. The minister not being at home,
+there was no service. I went into the church, and saw the monument of
+Sir James Macdonald, which was elegantly executed at Rome, and has the
+following inscription, written by his friend, George Lord Lyttelton:--
+
+     To the memory
+     Of SIR JAMES MACDONALD, BART.
+     Who in the flower of youth
+     Had attained to so eminent a degree of knowledge,
+     In Mathematics, Philosophy, Languages,
+     And in every other branch of useful and polite learning
+     As few have acquired in a long life
+     Wholly devoted to study:
+     Yet to this erudition he joined
+     What can rarely be found with it,
+     Great talents for business,
+     Great propriety of behaviour,
+     Great politeness of manners!
+     His eloquence was sweet, correct, and flowing;
+     His memory vast and exact;
+     His judgement strong and acute;
+     All which endowments, united
+     With the most amiable temper
+     And every private virtue,
+     Procured him, not only in his own country,
+     But also from foreign nations[460],
+     The highest marks of esteem.
+     In the year of our Lord 1766,
+     The 25th of his life,
+     After a long and extremely painful illness,
+     Which he supported with admirable patience and fortitude,
+     He died at Rome,
+     Where, notwithstanding the difference of religion,
+     Such extraordinary honours were paid to his memory,
+     As had never graced that of any other British Subject,
+     Since the death of Sir Philip Sidney.
+     The fame he left behind him is the best consolation
+     To his afflicted family,
+     And to his countrymen in this isle,
+     For whose benefit he had planned
+     Many useful improvements,
+     Which his fruitful genius suggested,
+     And his active spirit promoted,
+     Under the sober direction
+     Of a clear and enlightened understanding.
+     Reader, bewail our loss,
+     And that of all Britain.
+     In testimony of her love,
+     And as the best return she can make
+     To her departed son,
+     For the constant tenderness and affection
+     Which, even to his last moments,
+     He shewed for her,
+     His much afflicted mother,
+     The LADY MARGARET MACDONALD,
+     Daughter to the EARL of EGLINTOUNE,
+     Erected this Monument,
+     A.D. 1768[461]'
+
+Dr. Johnson said, the inscription should have been in Latin, as every
+thing intended to be universal and permanent should be[462].
+
+This being a beautiful day, my spirits were cheered by the mere effect
+of climate. I had felt a return of spleen during my stay at Armidale,
+and had it not been that I had Dr. Johnson to contemplate, I should have
+sunk into dejection; but his firmness supported me. I looked at him, as
+a man whose head is turning giddy at sea looks at a rock, or any fixed
+object. I wondered at his tranquillity. He said, 'Sir, when a man
+retires into an island, he is to turn his thoughts entirely to another
+world. He has done with this.' BOSWELL. 'It appears to me, Sir, to be
+very difficult to unite a due attention to this world, and that which is
+to come; for, if we engage eagerly in the affairs of life, we are apt to
+be totally forgetful of a future state; and, on the other hand, a steady
+contemplation of the awful concerns of eternity renders all objects here
+so insignificant, as to make us indifferent and negligent about them.'
+JOHNSON. 'Sir, Dr. Cheyne has laid down a rule to himself on this
+subject, which should be imprinted on every mind:--"_To neglect nothing
+to secure my eternal peace, more than if I had been certified I should
+die within the day: nor to mind any thing that my secular obligations
+and duties demanded of me, less than if I had been ensured to live fifty
+years more[463]_."'
+
+I must here observe, that though Dr. Johnson appeared now to be
+philosophically calm, yet his genius did not shine forth as in
+companies, where I have listened to him with admiration. The vigour of
+his mind was, however, sufficiently manifested, by his discovering no
+symptoms of feeble relaxation in the dull, 'weary, flat and
+unprofitable[464]' state in which we now were placed.
+
+I am inclined to think that it was on this day he composed the following
+Ode upon the _Isle of Sky_, which a few days afterwards he shewed me
+at Rasay:--
+
+     ODA,
+
+     Ponti profundis clausa recessibus,
+     Strepens procellis, rupibus obsita,
+     Quam grata defesso virentem
+     Skia sinum nebulosa pandis.
+
+     His cura, credo, sedibus exulat;
+     His blanda certe pax habitat locis:
+     Non ira, non moeror quietis
+     Insidias meditatur horis.
+
+     At non cavata rupe latescere,
+     Menti nec aegrae montibus aviis
+     Prodest vagari, nec frementes
+     E scopulo numerare fluctus.
+
+     Humana virtus non sibi sufficit,
+     Datur nec aequum cuique animum sibi
+     Parare posse, ut Stoicorum
+     Secta crepet nimis alta fallax.
+
+     Exaestuantis pectoris impetum,
+     Rex summe, solus tu regis arbiter,
+     Mentisque, te tollente, surgunt,
+     Te recidunt moderante fluctus[465].
+
+After supper, Dr. Johnson told us, that Isaac Hawkins Browne drank
+freely for thirty years, and that he wrote his poem, _De Animi
+Immortalitate_, in some of the last of these years[466]. I listened to
+this with the eagerness of one who, conscious of being himself fond of
+wine, is glad to hear that a man of so much genius and good thinking as
+Browne had the same propensity[467].
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 6.
+
+We set out, accompanied by Mr. Donald M'Leod, (late of Canna) as our
+guide. We rode for some time along the district of Slate, near the
+shore. The houses in general are made of turf, covered with grass. The
+country seemed well peopled. We came into the district of Strath, and
+passed along a wild moorish tract of land till we arrived at the shore.
+There we found good verdure, and some curious whin-rocks, or collections
+of stones like the ruins of the foundations of old buildings. We saw
+also three Cairns of considerable size.
+
+About a mile beyond Broadfoot, is Corrichatachin, a farm of Sir
+Alexander Macdonald's, possessed by Mr. M'Kinnon[468], who received us
+with a hearty welcome, as did his wife, who was what we call in Scotland
+a _lady-like_ woman. Mr. Pennant in the course of his tour to the
+Hebrides, passed two nights at this gentleman's house. On its being
+mentioned, that a present had here been made to him of a curious
+specimen of Highland antiquity, Dr. Johnson said, 'Sir, it was more than
+he deserved; the dog is a Whig[469].'
+
+We here enjoyed the comfort of a table plentifully furnished[470], the
+satisfaction of which was heightened by a numerous and cheerful company;
+and we for the first time had a specimen of the joyous social manners of
+the inhabitants of the Highlands. They talked in their own ancient
+language, with fluent vivacity, and sung many Erse songs with such
+spirit, that, though Dr. Johnson was treated with the greatest respect
+and attention, there were moments in which he seemed to be forgotten.
+For myself, though but a _Lowlander_, having picked up a few words of
+the language, I presumed to mingle in their mirth, and joined in the
+choruses with as much glee as any of the company. Dr. Johnson being
+fatigued with his journey, retired early to his chamber, where he
+composed the following Ode, addressed to Mrs. Thrale[471]:--
+
+     ODA.
+
+     Permeo terras, ubi nuda rupes
+     Saxeas miscet nebulis ruinas,
+     Torva ubi rident steriles coloni
+     Rura labores.
+
+     Pervagor gentes, hominum ferorum
+     Vita ubi nullo decorata cultu
+     Squallet informis, tugurique fumis
+     Foeda latescit.
+
+     Inter erroris salebrosa longi,
+     Inter ignotae strepitus loquelae,
+     Quot modis mecum, quid agat, requiro,
+     Thralia dulcis?
+
+     Seu viri curas pia nupta mulcet,
+     Seu fovet mater sobolem benigna,
+     Sive cum libris novitate pascet
+     Sedula mentem;
+
+     Sit memor nostri, fideique merces,
+     Stet fides constans, meritoque blandum
+     Thraliae discant resonare nomen
+     Littora Skiae.
+
+Scriptum in Skiá, Sept. 6, 1773[472].
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7.
+
+Dr. Johnson was much pleased with his entertainment here. There were
+many good books in the house: _Hector Boethius_ in Latin; Cave's _Lives
+of the Fathers_; Baker's _Chronicle_; Jeremy Collier's _Church History_;
+Dr. Johnson's small _Dictionary_; Craufurd's _Officers of State_, and
+several more[473]:--a mezzotinto of Mrs. Brooks the actress (by some
+strange chance in Sky[474]), and also a print of Macdonald of
+Clanranald[475], with a Latin inscription about the cruelties after the
+battle of Culloden, which will never be forgotten.
+
+It was a very wet stormy day; we were therefore obliged to remain here,
+it being impossible to cross the sea to Rasay.
+
+I employed a part of the forenoon in writing this Journal. The rest of
+it was somewhat dreary, from the gloominess of the weather, and the
+uncertain state which we were in, as we could not tell but it might
+clear up every hour. Nothing is more painful to the mind than a state of
+suspence, especially when it depends upon the weather, concerning which
+there can be so little calculation. As Dr. Johnson said of our weariness
+on the Monday at Aberdeen, 'Sensation is sensation[476]:'
+Corrichatachin, which was last night a hospitable house, was, in my
+mind, changed to-day into a prison. After dinner I read some of Dr.
+Macpherson's _Dissertations on the Ancient Caledonians_[477]. I was
+disgusted by the unsatisfactory conjectures as to antiquity, before the
+days of record. I was happy when tea came. Such, I take it, is the state
+of those who live in the country. Meals are wished for from the cravings
+of vacuity of mind, as well as from the desire of eating. I was hurt to
+find even such a temporary feebleness, and that I was so far from being
+that robust wise man who is sufficient for his own happiness. I felt a
+kind of lethargy of indolence. I did not exert myself to get Dr. Johnson
+to talk, that I might not have the labour of writing down his
+conversation. He enquired here if there were any remains of the second
+sight[478]. Mr. M'Pherson, Minister of Slate, said, he was _resolved_
+not to believe it, because it was founded on no principle[479]. JOHNSON.
+'There are many things then, which we are sure are true, that you will
+not believe. What principle is there, why a loadstone attracts iron? why
+an egg produces a chicken by heat? why a tree grows upwards, when the
+natural tendency of all things is downwards? Sir, it depends upon the
+degree of evidence that you have.' Young Mr. M'Kinnon mentioned one
+M'Kenzie, who is still alive, who had often fainted in his presence, and
+when he recovered, mentioned visions which had been presented to him. He
+told Mr. M'Kinnon, that at such a place he should meet a funeral, and
+that such and such people would be the bearers, naming four; and three
+weeks afterwards he saw what M'Kenzie had predicted. The naming the very
+spot in a country where a funeral comes a long way, and the very people
+as bearers, when there are so many out of whom a choice may be made,
+seems extraordinary. We should have sent for M'Kenzie, had we not been
+informed that he could speak no English. Besides, the facts were not
+related with sufficient accuracy.
+
+Mrs. M'Kinnon, who is a daughter of old Kingsburgh, told us that her
+father was one day riding in Sky, and some women, who were at work in a
+field on the side of the road, said to him they had heard two _taiscks_,
+(that is, two voices of persons about to die[480],) and what was
+remarkable, one of them was an _English taisck_, which they never heard
+before. When he returned, he at that very place met two funerals, and
+one of them was that of a woman who had come from the main land, and
+could speak only English. This, she remarked, made a great impression
+upon her father.
+
+How all the people here were lodged, I know not. It was partly done by
+separating man and wife, and putting a number of men in one room, and of
+women in another.
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 8.
+
+When I waked, the rain was much heavier than yesterday; but the wind had
+abated. By breakfast, the day was better, and in a little while it was
+calm and clear. I felt my spirits much elated. The propriety of the
+expression, '_the sunshine of the breast_[481],' now struck me with
+peculiar force; for the brilliant rays penetrated into my very soul. We
+were all in better humour than before. Mrs. M'Kinnon, with unaffected
+hospitality and politeness, expressed her happiness in having such
+company in her house, and appeared to understand and relish Dr.
+Johnson's conversation, as indeed all the company seemed to do. When I
+knew she was old Kingsburgh's daughter, I did not wonder at the good
+appearance which she made.
+
+She talked as if her husband and family would emigrate, rather than be
+oppressed by their landlord; and said, 'how agreeable would it be, if
+these gentlemen should come in upon us when we are in America.' Somebody
+observed that Sir Alexander Macdonald was always frightened at sea.
+JOHNSON. '_He_ is frightened at sea; and his tenants are frightened when
+he comes to land.'
+
+We resolved to set out directly after breakfast. We had about two miles
+to ride to the sea-side, and there we expected to get one of the boats
+belonging to the fleet of bounty[482] herring-busses then on the coast,
+or at least a good country fishing-boat. But while we were preparing to
+set out, there arrived a man with the following card from the Reverend
+Mr. Donald M'Queen:--
+
+'Mr. M'Queen's compliments to Mr. Boswell, and begs leave to acquaint
+him that, fearing the want of a proper boat, as much as the rain of
+yesterday, might have caused a stop, he is now at Skianwden with
+Macgillichallum's[483] carriage, to convey him and Dr. Johnson to Rasay,
+where they will meet with a most hearty welcome, and where. Macleod,
+being on a visit, now attends their motions.' 'Wednesday afternoon.'
+
+This card was most agreeable; it was a prologue to that hospitable and
+truly polite reception which we found at Rasay. In a little while
+arrived Mr. Donald M'Queen himself; a decent minister, an elderly man
+with his own black hair, courteous, and rather slow of speech, but
+candid, sensible, and well informed, nay learned. Along with him came,
+as our pilot, a gentleman whom I had a great desire to see, Mr. Malcolm
+Macleod, one of the Rasay family, celebrated in the year 1745-6. He was
+now sixty-two years of age, hale, and well proportioned,--with a manly
+countenance, tanned by the weather, yet having a ruddiness in his
+cheeks, over a great part of which his rough beard extended. His eye was
+quick and lively, yet his look was not fierce, but he appeared at once
+firm and good-humoured. He wore a pair of brogues[484],--Tartan hose
+which came up only near to his knees, and left them bare,--a purple
+camblet kilt[485],--a black waistcoat,--a short green cloth coat bound
+with gold cord,--a yellowish bushy wig,--a large blue bonnet with a gold
+thread button. I never saw a figure that gave a more perfect
+representation of a Highland gentleman. I wished much to have a picture
+of him just as he was. I found him frank and _polite_, in the true sense
+of the word.
+
+The good family at Corrichatachin said, they hoped to see us on our
+return. We rode down to the shore; but Malcolm walked with
+graceful agility.
+
+We got into Rasay's _carriage_, which was a good strong open boat made
+in Norway. The wind had now risen pretty high, and was against us; but
+we had four stout rowers, particularly a Macleod, a robust black-haired
+fellow, half naked, and bare-headed, something between a wild Indian and
+an English tar. Dr. Johnson sat high, on the stern, like a magnificent
+Triton. Malcolm sung an Erse song, the chorus of which was '_Hatyin foam
+foam eri_', with words of his own[486]. The tune resembled '_Owr the
+muir amang the heather_'. The boatmen and Mr. M'Queen chorused, and all
+went well. At length Malcolm himself took an oar, and rowed vigorously.
+We sailed along the coast of Scalpa, a rugged island, about four miles
+in length. Dr. Johnson proposed that he and I should buy it, and found a
+good school, and an episcopal church, (Malcolm[487] said, he would come
+to it,) and have a printing-press, where he would print all the Erse
+that could be found.  Here I was strongly struck with our long
+projected scheme of visiting the Hebrides being realized[488]. I called
+to him, 'We are contending with seas;' which I think were the words of
+one of his letters to me[489]. 'Not much,' said he; and though the wind
+made the sea lash considerably upon us, he was not discomposed. After we
+were out of the shelter of Scalpa, and in the sound between it and
+Rasay, which extended about a league, the wind made the sea very
+rough[490]. I did not like it. JOHNSON. 'This now is the Atlantick. If I
+should tell at a tea table in London, that I have crossed the Atlantick
+in an open boat, how they'd shudder, and what a fool they'd think me to
+expose myself to such danger?' He then repeated Horace's ode,--
+
+     'Otium Divos rogat in patenti
+      Prensus Aegaeo----[491]'
+
+In the confusion and hurry of this boisterous sail, Dr. Johnson's spurs,
+of which Joseph had charge, were carried over-board into the sea, and
+lost[492]. This was the first misfortune that had befallen us. Dr.
+Johnson was a little angry at first, observing that 'there was something
+wild in letting a pair of spurs be carried into the sea out of a boat;'
+but then he remarked, 'that, as Janes the naturalist had said upon
+losing his pocket-book, it was rather an inconvenience than a loss.' He
+told us, he now recollected that he dreamt the night before, that he put
+his staff into a river, and chanced to let it go, and it was carried
+down the stream and lost. 'So now you see, (said he,) that I have lost
+my spurs; and this story is better than many of those which we have
+concerning second sight and dreams.' Mr. M'Queen said he did not believe
+the second sight; that he never met with any well attested instances;
+and if he should, he should impute them to chance; because all who
+pretend to that quality often fail in their predictions, though they
+take a great scope, and sometimes interpret literally, sometimes
+figuratively, so as to suit the events. He told us, that, since he came
+to be minister of the parish where he now is, the belief of witchcraft,
+or charms, was very common, insomuch that he had many prosecutions
+before his _session_ (the parochial ecclesiastical court) against women,
+for having by these means carried off the milk from people's cows. He
+disregarded them; and there is not now the least vestige of that
+superstition. He preached against it; and in order to give a strong
+proof to the people that there was nothing in it, he said from the
+pulpit that every woman in the parish was welcome to take the milk from
+his cows, provided she did not touch them[493].
+
+Dr. Johnson asked him as to _Fingal_. He said he could repeat some
+passages in the original, that he heard his grandfather had a copy of
+it; but that he could not affirm that Ossian composed all that poem as
+it is now published. This came pretty much to what Dr. Johnson had
+maintained[494]; though he goes farther, and contends that it is no
+better than such an epick poem as he could make from the song of Robin
+Hood[495]; that is to say, that, except a few passages, there is nothing
+truly ancient but the names and some vague traditions. Mr. M'Queen
+alleged that Homer was made up of detached fragments. Dr. Johnson denied
+this; observing, that it had been one work originally, and that you
+could not put a book of the _Iliad_ out of its place; and he believed
+the same might be said of the _Odyssey_.
+
+The approach to Rasay was very pleasing. We saw before us a beautiful
+bay, well defended by a rocky coast; a good family mansion; a fine
+verdure about it,--with a considerable number of trees;--and beyond it
+hills and mountains in gradation of wildness. Our boatmen sung with
+great spirit. Dr. Johnson observed, that naval musick was very ancient.
+As we came near the shore, the singing of our rowers was succeeded by
+that of reapers, who were busy at work, and who seemed to shout as much
+as to sing, while they worked with a bounding activity[496]. Just as we
+landed, I observed a cross, or rather the ruins of one, upon a rock,
+which had to me a pleasing vestige of religion. I perceived a large
+company coming out from the house. We met them as we walked up. There
+were Rasay himself; his brother Dr. Macleod; his nephew the Laird of
+M'Kinnon; the Laird of Macleod; Colonel Macleod of Talisker, an officer
+in the Dutch service, a very genteel man, and a faithful branch of the
+family; Mr. Macleod of Muiravenside, best known by the name of Sandie
+Macleod, who was long in exile on account of the part which he took in
+1745; and several other persons. We were welcomed upon the green, and
+conducted into the house, where we were introduced to Lady Rasay, who
+was surrounded by a numerous family, consisting of three sons and ten
+daughters. The Laird of Rasay is a sensible, polite, and most hospitable
+gentleman. I was told that his island of Rasay, and that of Rona, (from
+which the eldest son of the family has his title,) and a considerable
+extent of land which he has in Sky, do not altogether yield him a very
+large revenue[497]: and yet he lives in great splendour; and so far is
+he from distressing his people, that, in the present rage for
+emigration, not a man has left his estate.  It was past six o'clock
+when we arrived. Some excellent brandy was served round immediately,
+according to the custom of the Highlands, where a dram is generally
+taken every day. They call it a _scalch_[498]. On a side-board was
+placed for us, who had come off the sea, a substantial dinner, and a
+variety of wines. Then we had coffee and tea. I observed in the room
+several elegantly bound books, and other marks of improved life. Soon
+afterwards a fidler appeared, and a little ball began. Rasay himself
+danced with as much spirit as any man, and Malcolm bounded like a roe.
+Sandie Macleod, who has at times an excessive flow of spirits, and had
+it now, was, in his days of absconding, known by the name of
+_M'Cruslick_[499], which it seems was the designation of a kind of
+wild man in the Highlands, something between Proteus and Don Quixote;
+and so he was called here. He made much jovial noise. Dr. Johnson was so
+delighted with this scene, that he said, 'I know not how we shall get
+away.' It entertained me to observe him sitting by, while we danced,
+sometimes in deep meditation,--sometimes smiling complacently,--sometimes
+looking upon Hooke's _Roman History_,--and sometimes talking a
+little, amidst the noise of the ball, to Mr. Donald M'Queen, who
+anxiously gathered knowledge from him. He was pleased with M'Queen, and
+said to me, 'This is a critical man, Sir. There must be great vigour of
+mind to make him cultivate learning so much in the isle of Sky, where
+he might do without it. It is wonderful how many of the new publications
+he has. There must be a snatch of every opportunity.' Mr. M'Queen told
+me that his brother (who is the fourth generation of the family
+following each other as ministers of the parish of Snizort,) and he
+joined together, and bought from time to time such books as had
+reputation. Soon after we came in, a black cock and grey hen, which had
+been shot, were shewn, with their feathers on, to Dr. Johnson, who had
+never seen that species of bird before. We had a company of thirty at
+supper; and all was good humour and gaiety, without intemperance.
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 9.
+
+At breakfast this morning, among a profusion of other things, there were
+oat-cakes, made of what is called _graddaned_ meal, that is, meal made
+of grain separated from the husks, and toasted by fire, instead of being
+threshed and kiln-dried. This seems to be bad management, as so much
+fodder is consumed by it. Mr. M'Queen however defended it, by saying,
+that it is doing the thing much quicker, as one operation effects what
+is otherwise done by two. His chief reason however was, that the
+servants in Sky are, according to him, a faithless pack, and steal what
+they can; so that much is saved by the corn passing but once through
+their hands, as at each time they pilfer some. It appears to me, that
+the gradaning is a strong proof of the laziness of the Highlanders, who
+will rather make fire act for them, at the expence of fodder, than
+labour themselves. There was also, what I cannot help disliking at
+breakfast, cheese: it is the custom over all the Highlands to have it;
+and it often smells very strong, and poisons to a certain degree the
+elegance of an Indian repast[500]. The day was showery; however, Rasay
+and I took a walk, and had some cordial conversation. I conceived a more
+than ordinary regard for this worthy gentleman. His family has possessed
+this island above four hundred years[501]. It is the remains of the
+estate of Macleod of Lewis, whom he represents. When we returned, Dr.
+Johnson walked with us to see the old chapel. He was in fine spirits. He
+said,' This is truly the patriarchal life: this is what we came to
+find.'  After dinner, M'Cruslick, Malcolm, and I, went out with guns,
+to try if we could find any black-cock; but we had no sport, owing to a
+heavy rain. I saw here what is called a Danish fort. Our evening was
+passed as last night was. One of our company, I was told, had hurt
+himself by too much study, particularly of infidel metaphysicians; of
+which he gave a proof, on second sight being mentioned. He immediately
+retailed some of the fallacious arguments of Voltaire and Hume against
+miracles in general. Infidelity in a Highland gentleman appeared to me
+peculiarly offensive. I was sorry for him, as he had otherwise a good
+character. I told Dr. Johnson that he had studied himself into
+infidelity. JOHNSON. 'Then he must study himself out of it again. That
+is the way. Drinking largely will sober him again.'
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 10.
+
+Having resolved to explore the Island of Rasay, which could be done only
+on foot, I last night obtained my fellow-traveller's permission to leave
+him for a day, he being unable to take so hardy a walk. Old Mr. Malcolm
+M'Cleod, who had obligingly promised to accompany me, was at my bed-side
+between five and six. I sprang up immediately, and he and I, attended by
+two other gentlemen, traversed the country during the whole of this day.
+Though we had passed over not less than four-and-twenty miles of very
+rugged ground, and had a Highland dance on the top of _Dun Can_, the
+highest mountain in the island, we returned in the evening not at all
+fatigued, and piqued ourselves at not being outdone at the nightly ball
+by our less active friends, who had remained at home.
+
+My survey of Rasay did not furnish much which can interest my readers; I
+shall therefore put into as short a compass as I can, the observations
+upon it, which I find registered in my journal. It is about fifteen
+English miles long, and four broad. On the south side is the laird's
+family seat, situated on a pleasing low spot. The old tower of three
+stories, mentioned by Martin, was taken down soon after 1746, and a
+modern house supplies its place. There are very good grass-fields and
+corn-lands about it, well-dressed. I observed, however, hardly any
+inclosures, except a good garden plentifully stocked with vegetables,
+and strawberries, raspberries, currants, &c.
+
+On one of the rocks just where we landed, which are not high, there is
+rudely carved a square, with a crucifix in the middle. Here, it is said,
+the Lairds of Rasay, in old times, used to offer up their devotions. I
+could not approach the spot, without a grateful recollection of the
+event commemorated by this symbol.
+
+A little from the shore, westward, is a kind of subterraneous house.
+There has been a natural fissure, or separation of the rock, running
+towards the sea, which has been roofed over with long stones, and above
+them turf has been laid. In that place the inhabitants used to keep
+their oars. There are a number of trees near the house, which grow well;
+some of them of a pretty good size. They are mostly plane and ash. A
+little to the west of the house is an old ruinous chapel, unroofed,
+which never has been very curious. We here saw some human bones of an
+uncommon size. There was a heel-bone, in particular, which Dr. Macleod
+said was such, that if the foot was in proportion, it must have been
+twenty-seven inches long. Dr. Johnson would not look at the bones. He
+started back from them with a striking appearance of horrour[502]. Mr.
+M'Queen told us it was formerly much the custom, in these isles, to have
+human bones lying above ground, especially in the windows of churches.
+On the south of the chapel is the family burying-place. Above the door,
+on the east end of it, is a small bust or image of the Virgin Mary,
+carved upon a stone which makes part of the wall. There is no church
+upon the island. It is annexed to one of the parishes of Sky; and the
+minister comes and preaches either in Rasay's house, or some other
+house, on certain Sundays. I could not but value the family seat more,
+for having even the ruins of a chapel close to it. There was something
+comfortable in the thought of being so near a piece of consecrated
+ground.[503] Dr. Johnson said, 'I look with reverence upon every place
+that has been set apart for religion;' and he kept off his hat while he
+was within the walls of the chapel[504].
+
+The eight crosses, which Martin mentions as pyramids for deceased
+ladies, stood in a semicircular line, which contained within it the
+chapel. They marked out the boundaries of the sacred territory within
+which an asylum was to be had. One of them, which we observed upon our
+landing, made the first point of the semicircle. There are few of them
+now remaining. A good way farther north, there is a row of buildings
+about four feet high; they run from the shore on the east along the top
+of a pretty high eminence, and so down to the shore on the west, in much
+the same direction with the crosses. Rasay took them to be the marks for
+the asylum; but Malcolm thought them to be false sentinels, a common
+deception, of which instances occur in Martin, to make invaders imagine
+an island better guarded. Mr. Donald M'Queen, justly in my opinion,
+supposed the crosses which form the inner circle to be the church's
+land-marks.
+
+The south end of the island is much covered with large stones or rocky
+strata. The laird has enclosed and planted part of it with firs, and he
+shewed me a considerable space marked out for additional plantations.
+
+_Dun Can_ is a mountain three computed miles from the laird's house. The
+ascent to it is by consecutive risings, if that expression may be used
+when vallies intervene, so that there is but a short rise at once; but
+it is certainly very high above the sea. The palm of altitude is
+disputed for by the people of Rasay and those of Sky; the former
+contending for Dun Can, the latter for the mountains in Sky, over
+against it. We went up the east side of Dun Can pretty easily. It is
+mostly rocks all around, the points of which hem the summit of it.
+Sailors, to whom it was a good object as they pass along, call it
+Rasay's cap. Before we reached this mountain, we passed by two lakes. Of
+the first, Malcolm told me a strange fabulous tradition. He said, there
+was a wild beast in it, a sea horse, which came and devoured a man's
+daughter; upon which the man lighted a great fire, and had a sow roasted
+at it, the smell of which attracted the monster. In the fire was put a
+spit. The man lay concealed behind a low wall of loose stones, and he
+had an avenue formed for the monster, with two rows of large flat
+stones, which extended from the fire over the summit of the hill, till
+it reached the side of the loch. The monster came, and the man with the
+red-hot spit destroyed it. Malcolm shewed me the little hiding-place,
+and the rows of stones. He did not laugh when he told this story. I
+recollect having seen in the _Scots Magazine_, several years ago, a poem
+upon a similar tale, perhaps the same, translated from the Erse, or
+Irish, called _Albin and the Daughter of Mey_.
+
+There is a large tract of land, possessed as a common, in Rasay. They
+have no regulations as to the number of cattle. Every man puts upon it
+as many as he chooses. From Dun Can northward, till you reach the other
+end of the island, there is much good natural pasture unincumbered by
+stones. We passed over a spot, which is appropriated for the exercising
+ground. In 1745, a hundred fighting men were reviewed here, as Malcolm
+told me, who was one of the officers that led them to the field[505].
+They returned home all but about fourteen. What a princely thing is it
+to be able to furnish such a band! Rasay has the true spirit of a chief.
+He is, without exaggeration, a father to his people.
+
+There is plenty of lime-stone in the island, a great quarry of
+free-stone, and some natural woods, but none of any age, as they cut the
+trees for common country uses. The lakes, of which there are many, are
+well stocked with trout. Malcolm catched one of four-and-twenty pounds
+weight in the loch next to Dun Can, which, by the way, is certainly a
+Danish name, as most names of places in these islands are.
+
+The old castle, in which the family of Rasay formerly resided, is
+situated upon a rock very near the sea. The rock is not one mass of
+stone, but a concretion of pebbles and earth, so firm that it does not
+appear to have mouldered. In this remnant of antiquity I found nothing
+worthy of being noticed, except a certain accommodation rarely to be
+found at the modern houses of Scotland, and which Dr. Johnson and I
+sought for in vain at the Laird of Rasay's new built mansion, where
+nothing else was wanting. I took the liberty to tell the Laird it was a
+shame there should be such a deficiency in civilized times. He
+acknowledged the justice of the remark. But perhaps some generations may
+pass before the want is supplied. Dr. Johnson observed to me, how
+quietly people will endure an evil, which they might at any time very
+easily remedy; and mentioned as an instance, that the present family of
+Rasay had possessed the island for more than four hundred years, and
+never made a commodious landing place, though a few men with pickaxes
+might have cut an ascent of stairs out of any part of the rock in a
+week's time[506].
+
+The north end of Rasay is as rocky as the south end. From it I saw the
+little isle of Fladda, belonging to Rasay, all fine green ground;--and
+Rona, which is of so rocky a soil that it appears to be a pavement. I
+was told however that it has a great deal of grass in the interstices.
+The Laird has it all in his own hands. At this end of the island of
+Rasay is a cave in a striking situation. It is in a recess of a great
+cleft, a good way up from the sea. Before it the ocean roars, being
+dashed against monstrous broken rocks; grand and aweful _propugnacula_.
+On the right hand of it is a longitudinal cave, very low at the
+entrance, but higher as you advance. The sea having scooped it out, it
+seems strange and unaccountable that the interior part, where the water
+must have operated with less force, should be loftier than that which is
+more immediately exposed to its violence. The roof of it is all covered
+with a kind of petrifications formed by drops, which perpetually distil
+from it. The first cave has been a place of much safety. I find a great
+difficulty in describing visible objects[507]. I must own too that the
+old castle and cave, like many other things of which one hears much, did
+not answer my expectations. People are every where apt to magnify the
+curiosities of their country.
+
+This island has abundance of black cattle, sheep, and goats;--a good
+many horses, which are used for ploughing, carrying out dung, and other
+works of husbandry. I believe the people never ride. There are indeed no
+roads through the island, unless a few detached beaten tracks deserve
+that name. Most of the houses are upon the shore; so that all the people
+have little boats, and catch fish. There is great plenty of potatoes
+here. There are black-cock in extraordinary abundance, moorfowl, plover
+and wild pigeons, which seemed to me to be the same as we have in
+pigeon-houses, in their state of nature. Rasay has no pigeon-house.
+There are no hares nor rabbits in the island, nor was there ever known
+to be a fox[508], till last year, when one was landed on it by some
+malicious person, without whose aid he could not have got thither, as
+that animal is known to be a very bad swimmer. He has done much
+mischief. There is a great deal of fish caught in the sea round Rasay;
+it is a place where one may live in plenty, and even in luxury. There
+are no deer; but Rasay told us he would get some.
+
+They reckon it rains nine months in the year in this island, owing to
+its being directly opposite to the western[509] coast of Sky, where the
+watery clouds are broken by high mountains. The hills here, and indeed
+all the heathy grounds in general, abound with the sweet-smelling plant
+which the Highlanders call _gaul_, and (I think) with dwarf juniper in
+many places. There is enough of turf, which is their fuel, and it is
+thought there is a mine of coal.--Such are the observations which I made
+upon the island of Rasay, upon comparing it with the description given
+by Martin, whose book we had with us.
+
+There has been an ancient league between the families of Macdonald and
+Rasay. Whenever the head of either family dies, his sword is given to
+the head of the other. The present Rasay has the late Sir James
+Macdonald's sword. Old Rasay joined the Highland army in 1745, but
+prudently guarded against a forfeiture, by previously conveying his
+estate to the present gentleman, his eldest son[510]. On that occasion,
+Sir Alexander, father of the late Sir James Macdonald, was very friendly
+to his neighbour. 'Don't be afraid, Rasay,' said he; 'I'll use all my
+interest to keep you safe; and if your estate should be taken, I'll buy
+it for the family.'--And he would have done it.
+
+Let me now gather some gold dust,--some more fragments of Dr. Johnson's
+conversation, without regard to order of time. He said, 'he thought very
+highly of Bentley; that no man now went so far in the kinds of learning
+that he cultivated[511]; that the many attacks on him were owing to
+envy, and to a desire of being known, by being in competition with such
+a man; that it was safe to attack him, because he never answered his
+opponents, but let them die away[512]. It was attacking a man who would
+not beat them, because his beating them would make them live the longer.
+And he was right not to answer; for, in his hazardous method of writing,
+he could not but be often enough wrong; so it was better to leave things
+to their general appearance, than own himself to have erred in
+particulars.' He said, 'Mallet was the prettiest drest puppet about
+town, and always kept good company[513]. That, from his way of talking
+he saw, and always said, that he had not written any part of the _Life
+of the Duke of Marlborough_, though perhaps he intended to do it at some
+time, in which case he was not culpable in taking the pension[514]. That
+he imagined the Duchess furnished the materials for her _Apology_, which
+Hooke wrote, and Hooke furnished the words and the order, and all that
+in which the art of writing consists. That the duchess had not superior
+parts, but was a bold frontless woman, who knew how to make the most of
+her opportunities in life. That Hooke got a _large_ sum of money for
+writing her _Apology_[515]. That he wondered Hooke should have been weak
+enough to insert so profligate a maxim, as that to tell another's secret
+to one's friend is no breach of confidence[516]; though perhaps Hooke,
+who was a virtuous man[517], as his _History_ shews, and did not wish
+her well, though he wrote her _Apology_, might see its ill tendency, and
+yet insert it at her desire. He was acting only ministerially.' I
+apprehended, however, that Hooke was bound to give his best advice. I
+speak as a lawyer. Though I have had clients whose causes I could not,
+as a private man, approve; yet, if I undertook them, I would not do any
+thing that might be prejudicial to them, even at their desire, without
+warning them of their danger.
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 11.
+
+It was a storm of wind and rain; so we could not set out. I wrote some
+of this _Journal_, and talked a while with Dr. Johnson in his room, and
+passed the day, I cannot well say how, but very pleasantly. I was here
+amused to find Mr. Cumberland's comedy of the _Fashionable Lover_[518],
+in which he has very well drawn a Highland character, Colin M'Cleod, of
+the same name with the family under whose roof we now were. Dr. Johnson
+was much pleased with the Laird of Macleod, who is indeed a most
+promising youth, and with a noble spirit struggles with difficulties,
+and endeavours to preserve his people. He has been left with an
+incumbrance of forty thousand pounds debt, and annuities to the amount
+of thirteen hundred pounds a year. Dr. Johnson said, 'If he gets the
+better of all this, he'll be a hero; and I hope he will[519]. I have
+not met with a young man who had more desire to learn, or who has learnt
+more. I have seen nobody that I wish more to do a kindness to than
+Macleod.' Such was the honourable elogium, on this young chieftain,
+pronounced by an accurate observer, whose praise was never
+lightly bestowed.
+
+There is neither justice of peace, nor constable in Rasay. Sky has Mr.
+M'Cleod of Ulinish, who is the sheriff substitute, and no other justice
+of peace. The want of the execution of justice is much felt among the
+islanders. Macleod very sensibly observed, that taking away the
+heritable jurisdictions[520] had not been of such service in the islands
+as was imagined. They had not authority enough in lieu of them. What
+could formerly have been settled at once, must now either take much time
+and trouble, or be neglected. Dr. Johnson said, 'A country is in a bad
+state which is governed only by laws; because a thousand things occur
+for which laws cannot provide, and where authority ought to interpose.
+Now destroying the authority of the chiefs set the people loose. It did
+not pretend to bring any positive good, but only to cure some evil; and
+I am not well enough acquainted with the country to know what degree of
+evil the heritable jurisdictions occasioned[521].' I maintained hardly
+any; because the chiefs generally acted right, for their own sakes.
+Dr. Johnson was now wishing to move. There was not enough of
+intellectual entertainment for him, after he had satisfied his
+curiosity, which he did, by asking questions, till he had exhausted the
+island; and where there was so numerous a company, mostly young people,
+there was such a flow of familiar talk, so much noise, and so much
+singing and dancing, that little opportunity was left for his energetick
+conversation[522]. He seemed sensible of this; for when I told him how
+happy they were at having him there, he said, 'Yet we have not been able
+to entertain them much.' I was fretted, from irritability of nerves, by
+M'Cruslick's too obstreperous mirth. I complained of it to my friend,
+observing we should be better if he was, gone. 'No, Sir (said he). He
+puts something into our society, and takes nothing out of it.' Dr.
+Johnson, however, had several opportunities of instructing the company;
+but I am sorry to say, that I did not pay sufficient attention to what
+passed, as his discourse now turned chiefly on mechanicks, agriculture
+and such subjects, rather than on science and wit. Last night Lady Rasay
+shewed him the operation of _wawking_ cloth, that is, thickening it in
+the same manner as is done by a mill. Here it is performed by women, who
+kneel upon the ground, and rub it with both their hands, singing an Erse
+song all the time. He was asking questions while they were performing
+this operation, and, amidst their loud and wild howl, his voice was
+heard even in the room above[523].
+
+They dance here every night. The queen of our ball was the eldest Miss
+Macleod, of Rasay, an elegant well-bred woman, and celebrated for her
+beauty over all those regions, by the name of Miss Flora Rasay[524].
+There seemed to be no jealousy, no discontent among them; and the gaiety
+of the scene was such, that I for a moment doubted whether unhappiness
+had any place in Rasay. But my delusion was soon dispelled, by
+recollecting the following lines of my fellow-traveller:--
+
+     'Yet hope not life from pain or danger free,
+      Or think the doom of man revers'd for thee[525]!'
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 12.
+
+It was a beautiful day, and although we did not approve of travelling on
+Sunday, we resolved to set out, as we were in an island from whence one
+must take occasion as it serves. Macleod and Talisker sailed in a boat
+of Rasay's for Sconser, to take the shortest way to Dunvegan. M'Cruslick
+went with them to Sconser, from whence he was to go to Slate, and so to
+the main land. We were resolved to pay a visit at Kingsburgh, and see
+the celebrated Miss Flora Macdonald, who is married to the present Mr.
+Macdonald of Kingsburgh; so took that road, though not so near. All the
+family, but Lady Rasay, walked down to the shore to see us depart. Rasay
+himself went with us in a large boat, with eight oars, built in his
+island[526]; as did Mr. Malcolm M'Cleod, Mr. Donald M'Queen, Dr.
+Macleod, and some others. We had a most pleasant sail between Rasay and
+Sky; and passed by a cave, where Martin says fowls were caught by
+lighting fire in the mouth of it. Malcolm remembers this. But it is not
+now practised, as few fowls come into it.
+
+We spoke of Death. Dr. Johnson on this subject observed, that the
+boastings of some men, as to dying easily, were idle talk[527],
+proceeding from partial views. I mentioned Hawthornden's
+_Cypress-grove_, where it is said that the world is a mere show; and
+that it is unreasonable for a man to wish to continue in the show-room,
+after he has seen it. Let him go cheerfully out, and give place to other
+spectators[528]. JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir, if he is sure he is to be well,
+after he goes out of it. But if he is to grow blind after he goes out of
+the show-room, and never to see any thing again; or if he does not know
+whither he is to go next, a man will not go cheerfully out of a
+show-room. No wise man will be contented to die, if he thinks he is to
+go into a state of punishment. Nay, no wise man will be contented to
+die, if he thinks he is to fall into annihilation: for however unhappy
+any man's existence may be, he yet would rather have it, than not exist
+at all[529]. No; there is no rational principle by which a man can die
+contented, but a trust in the mercy of GOD, through the merits of Jesus
+Christ.' This short sermon, delivered with an earnest tone, in a boat
+upon the sea, which was perfectly calm, on a day appropriated to
+religious worship, while every one listened with an air of satisfaction,
+had a most pleasing effect upon my mind.
+
+Pursuing the same train of serious reflection, he added that it seemed
+certain that happiness could not be found in this life, because so many
+had tried to find it, in such a variety of ways, and had not found it.
+
+We reached the harbour of Portree, in Sky, which is a large and good
+one. There was lying in it a vessel to carry off the emigrants called
+the _Nestor_. It made a short settlement of the differences between a
+chief and his clan:--
+
+     '-----_Nestor_ componere lites
+      Inter Peleiden festinat & inter Atriden.'[530]
+
+We approached her, and she hoisted her colours. Dr. Johnson
+and Mr. McQueen remained in the boat: Rasay and I, and the
+rest went on board of her. She was a very pretty vessel, and, as
+we were told, the largest in Clyde. Mr. Harrison, the captain,
+shewed her to us. The cabin was commodious, and even elegant.
+There was a little library, finely bound. _Portree_ has its name
+from King James the Fifth having landed there in his tour
+through the Western Isles, _Ree_ in Erse being King, as _Re_ is in
+Italian; so it is _Port Royal_. There was here a tolerable inn.
+On our landing, I had the pleasure of finding a letter from
+home; and there were also letters to Dr. Johnson and me, from
+Lord Elibank[531], which had been sent after us from Edinburgh.
+His Lordship's letter to me was as follows:--
+
+'DEAR BOSWELL,
+
+'I flew to Edinburgh the moment I heard of Mr. Johnson's arrival; but so
+defective was my intelligence, that I came too late. 'It is but justice
+to believe, that I could never forgive myself, nor deserve to be
+forgiven by others, if I was to fail in any mark of respect to that very
+great genius.--I hold him in the highest veneration; for that very
+reason I was resolved to take no share in the merit, perhaps guilt, of
+inticing him to honour this country with a visit.--I could not persuade
+myself there was any thing in Scotland worthy to have a Summer of Samuel
+Johnson bestowed on it; but since he has done us that compliment, for
+heaven's sake inform me of your motions. I will attend them most
+religiously; and though I should regret to let Mr. Johnson go a mile out
+of his way on my account, old as I am,[532] I shall be glad to go five
+hundred miles to enjoy a day of his company. Have the charity to send a
+council-post[533] with intelligence; the post does not suit us in the
+country.--At any rate write to me. I will attend you in the north, when
+I shall know where to find you.
+
+     I am,
+     My dear Boswell,
+     Your sincerely
+     Obedient humble servant,
+     'ELIBANK.'
+
+'August 21st, 1773.'
+
+The letter to Dr. Johnson was in these words:--
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+
+'I was to have kissed your hands at Edinburgh, the moment I heard of
+you; but you was gone.
+
+'I hope my friend Boswell will inform me of your motions. It will be
+cruel to deprive me an instant of the honour of attending you. As I
+value you more than any King in Christendom, I will perform that duty
+with infinitely greater alacrity than any courtier. I can contribute but
+little to your entertainment; but, my sincere esteem for you gives me
+some title to the opportunity of expressing it.
+
+'I dare say you are by this time sensible that things are pretty much
+the same, as when Buchanan complained of being born _solo et seculo
+inerudito_. Let me hear of you, and be persuaded that none of your
+admirers is more sincerely devoted to you, than,
+
+     Dear Sir,
+         Your most obedient,
+             And most humble servant,
+                      'ELIBANK.'
+
+Dr. Johnson, on the following Tuesday, answered for both of us, thus:--
+
+'My LORD, 'On the rugged shore of Skie, I had the honour of your
+Lordship's letter, and can with great truth declare, that no place is so
+gloomy but that it would be cheered by such a testimony of regard, from
+a mind so well qualified to estimate characters, and to deal out
+approbation in its due proportions. If I have more than my share, it is
+your Lordship's fault; for I have always reverenced your judgment too
+much, to exalt myself in your presence by any false pretensions.
+
+'Mr. Boswell and I are at present at the disposal of the winds, and
+therefore cannot fix the time at which we shall have the honour of
+seeing your lordship. But we should either of us think ourselves injured
+by the supposition that we would miss your lordship's conversation, when
+we could enjoy it; for I have often declared that I never met you
+without going away a wiser man.[534]
+
+    'I am, my Lord,
+     Your Lordship's most obedient
+     And most humble servant,
+     Skie, Sept. 14, 1773.'   'SAM. JOHNSON.'
+
+At Portree, Mr. Donald McQueen went to church and officiated in Erse,
+and then came to dinner. Dr. Johnson and I resolved that we should treat
+the company, so I played the landlord, or master of the feast, having
+previously ordered Joseph to pay the bill.
+
+Sir James Macdonald intended to have built a village here, which would
+have done great good. A village is like a heart to a country. It
+produces a perpetual circulation, and gives the people an opportunity to
+make profit of many little articles, which would otherwise be in a good
+measure lost. We had here a dinner, _et praeterea nihil_. Dr. Johnson
+did not talk. When we were about to depart, we found that Rasay had been
+beforehand with us, and that all was paid: I would fain have contested
+this matter with him, but seeing him resolved, I declined it. We parted
+with cordial embraces from him and worthy Malcolm. In the evening Dr.
+Johnson and I remounted our horses, accompanied by Mr. McQueen and Dr.
+Macleod. It rained very hard. We rode what they call six miles, upon
+Rasay's lands in Sky, to Dr. Macleod's house. On the road Dr. Johnson
+appeared to be somewhat out of spirits. When I talked of our meeting
+Lord Elibank, he said, 'I cannot be with him much. I long to be again in
+civilized life; but can stay but a short while;' (he meant at
+Edinburgh.) He said, 'let us go to Dunvegan to-morrow.' 'Yes, (said I,)
+if it is not a deluge.' 'At any rate,' he replied. This shewed a kind of
+fretful impatience; nor was it to be wondered at, considering our
+disagreeable ride. I feared he would give up Mull and Icolmkill, for he
+said something of his apprehensions of being detained by bad weather in
+going to Mull and _Iona_. However I hoped well. We had a dish of tea at
+Dr. Macleod's, who had a pretty good house, where was his brother, a
+half-pay officer. His lady was a polite, agreeable woman. Dr. Johnson
+said, he was glad to see that he was so well married, for he had an
+esteem for physicians.[535] The doctor accompanied us to Kingsburgh,
+which is called a mile farther; but the computation of Sky has no
+connection whatever with real distance.[536]  I was highly pleased to
+see Dr. Johnson safely arrived at Kingsburgh, and received by the
+hospitable Mr. Macdonald, who, with a most respectful attention,
+supported him into the house. Kingsburgh was completely the figure of a
+gallant Highlander,--exhibiting 'the graceful mien and manly
+looks[537],' which our popular Scotch song has justly attributed to that
+character. He had his Tartan plaid thrown about him, a large blue bonnet
+with a knot of black ribband like a cockade, a brown short coat of a
+kind of duffil, a Tartan waistcoat with gold buttons and gold
+button-holes, a bluish philibeg, and Tartan hose. He had jet black hair
+tied behind, and was a large stately man, with a steady sensible
+countenance.
+
+There was a comfortable parlour with a good fire, and a dram went round.
+By and by supper was served, at which there appeared the lady of the
+house, the celebrated Miss Flora Macdonald. She is a little woman, of a
+genteel appearance, and uncommonly mild and well-bred[538]. To see Dr.
+Samuel Johnson, the great champion of the English Tories, salute Miss
+Flora Macdonald in the isle of Sky, was a striking sight; for though
+somewhat congenial in their notions, it was very improbable they should
+meet here.
+
+Miss Flora Macdonald (for so I shall call her) told me, she heard upon
+the main land, as she was returning home about a fortnight before, that
+Mr. Boswell was coming to Sky, and one Mr. Johnson, a young English
+buck[539], with him. He was highly entertained with this fancy. Giving
+an account of the afternoon which we passed, at _Anock_, he said, 'I,
+being a _buck_, had miss[540] in to make tea.' He was rather quiescent
+to-night, and went early to bed. I was in a cordial humour, and promoted
+a cheerful glass. The punch was excellent. Honest Mr. M'Queen observed
+that I was in high glee, 'my _governour_[541] being gone to bed.' Yet in
+reality my heart was grieved, when I recollected that Kingsburgh was
+embarrassed in his affairs, and intended to go to America[542]. However,
+nothing but what was good was present, and I pleased myself in thinking
+that so spirited a man would be well every where. I slept in the same
+room with Dr. Johnson. Each had a neat bed, with Tartan curtains, in an
+upper chamber.
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 13.
+
+The room where we lay was a celebrated one. Dr. Johnson's bed was the
+very bed in which the grandson of the unfortunate King James the
+Second[543] lay, on one of the nights after the failure of his rash
+attempt in 1745-6, while he was eluding the pursuit of the emissaries of
+government, which had offered thirty thousand pounds as a reward for
+apprehending him. To see Dr. Samuel Johnson lying in that bed, in the
+isle of Sky, in the house of Miss Flora Macdonald, struck me with such a
+group of ideas as it is not easy for words to describe, as they passed
+through the mind. He smiled, and said, 'I have had no ambitious thoughts
+in it[544].' The room was decorated with a great variety of maps and
+prints. Among others, was Hogarth's print of Wilkes grinning, with a cap
+of liberty on a pole by him. That too was a curious circumstance in the
+scene this morning; such a contrast was Wilkes to the above groupe. It
+reminded me of Sir William Chambers's _Account of Oriental
+Gardening_[545], in which we are told all odd, strange, ugly, and even
+terrible objects, are introduced for the sake of variety; a wild
+extravagance of taste which is so well ridiculed in the celebrated
+Epistle to him[546]. The following lines of that poem immediately
+occurred to me;
+
+     'Here too, O king of vengeance! in thy fane,
+      Tremendous Wilkes shall rattle his gold chain[547].'
+
+Upon the table in our room I found in the morning a slip of paper, on
+which Dr. Johnson had written with his pencil these words,
+
+     'Quantum cedat virtutibus aurum[548].'
+
+What he meant by writing them I could not tell[549]. He had caught cold
+a day or two ago, and the rain yesterday having made it worse, he was
+become very deaf. At breakfast he said, he would have given a good deal
+rather than not have lain in that bed. I owned he was the lucky man; and
+observed, that without doubt it had been contrived between Mrs.
+Macdonald and him. She seemed to acquiesce; adding, 'You know young
+_bucks_ are always favourites of the ladies.' He spoke of Prince Charles
+being here, and asked Mrs. Macdonald, '_Who_ was with him? We were told,
+madam, in England, there was one Miss Flora Macdonald with him.' She
+said, 'they were very right;' and perceiving Dr. Johnson's curiosity,
+though he had delicacy enough not to question her, very obligingly
+entertained him with a recital of the particulars which she herself knew
+of that escape, which does so much honour to the humanity, fidelity, and
+generosity of the Highlanders. Dr. Johnson listened to her with placid
+attention, and said, 'All this should be written down.'
+
+From what she told us, and from what I was told by others personally
+concerned, and from a paper of information which Rasay was so good as to
+send me, at my desire, I have compiled the following abstract, which, as
+it contains some curious anecdotes, will, I imagine, not be
+uninteresting to my readers, and even, perhaps, be of some use to future
+historians.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Prince Charles Edward, after the battle of Culloden, was conveyed to
+what is called the _Long Island_, where he lay for some time concealed.
+But intelligence having been obtained where he was, and a number of
+troops having come in quest of him, it became absolutely necessary for
+him to quit that country without delay. Miss Flora Macdonald, then a
+young lady, animated by what she thought the sacred principle of
+loyalty, offered, with the magnanimity of a Heroine, to accompany him in
+an open boat to Sky, though the coast they were to quit was guarded by
+ships. He dressed himself in women's clothes, and passed as her supposed
+maid, by the name of Betty Bourke, an Irish girl. They got off
+undiscovered, though several shots were fired to bring them to, and
+landed at Mugstot, the seat of Sir Alexander Macdonald. Sir Alexander
+was then at Fort Augustus, with the Duke of Cumberland; but his lady was
+at home. Prince Charles took his post upon a hill near the house. Flora
+Macdonald waited on lady Margaret[550], and acquainted her of the
+enterprise in which she was engaged. Her ladyship, whose active
+benevolence was ever seconded by superior talents, shewed a perfect
+presence of mind, and readiness of invention, and at once settled that
+Prince Charles should be conducted to old Rasay, who was himself
+concealed with some select friends. The plan was instantly communicated
+to Kingsburgh, who was dispatched to the hill to inform the Wanderer,
+and carry him refreshments. When Kingsburgh approached, he started up,
+and advanced, holding a large knotted stick, and in appearance ready to
+knock him down, till he said, 'I am Macdonald of Kingsburgh, come to
+serve your highness.' The Wanderer answered, 'It is well,' and was
+satisfied with the plan.
+
+Flora Macdonald dined with Lady Margaret, at whose table there sat an
+officer of the army, stationed here with a party of soldiers, to watch
+for Prince Charles in case of his flying to the isle of Sky. She
+afterwards often laughed in good-humour with this gentleman, on her
+having so well deceived him.  After dinner, Flora Macdonald on
+horseback, and her supposed maid, and Kingsburgh, with a servant
+carrying some linen, all on foot, proceeded towards that gentleman's
+house. Upon the road was a small rivulet which they were obliged to
+cross. The Wanderer, forgetting his assumed sex, that his clothes might
+not be wet, held them up a great deal too high. Kingsburgh mentioned
+this to him, observing, it might make a discovery. He said, he would be
+more careful for the future. He was as good as his word; for the next
+brook they crossed, he did not hold up his clothes at all, but let them
+float upon the water. He was very awkward in his female dress. His size
+was so large, and his strides so great, that some women whom they met
+reported that they had seen a very big woman, who looked like a man in
+woman's clothes, and that perhaps it was (as they expressed themselves)
+the _Prince_, after whom so much search was making.
+
+At Kingsburgh he met with a most cordial reception; seemed gay at
+supper, and after it indulged himself in a cheerful glass with his
+worthy host. As he had not had his clothes off for a long time, the
+comfort of a good bed was highly relished by him, and he slept soundly
+till next day at one o'clock.
+
+The mistress of Corrichatachin told me, that in the forenoon she went
+into her father's room, who was also in bed, and suggested to him her
+apprehensions that a party of the military might come up, and that his
+guest and he had better not remain here too long. Her father said, 'Let
+the poor man repose himself after his fatigues; and as for me, I care
+not, though they take off this old grey head ten or eleven years sooner
+than I should die in the course of nature.' He then wrapped himself in
+the bed-clothes, and again fell fast asleep.
+
+On the afternoon of that day, the Wanderer, still in the same dress, set
+out for Portree, with Flora Macdonald and a man servant. His shoes being
+very bad, Kingsburgh provided him with a new pair, and taking up the old
+ones, said, 'I will faithfully keep them till you are safely settled at
+St. James's. I will then introduce myself by shaking them at you, to put
+you in mind of your night's entertainment and protection under my roof.'
+He smiled, and said, 'Be as good as your word!' Kingsburgh kept the
+shoes as long as he lived. After his death, a zealous Jacobite gentleman
+gave twenty guineas for them.  Old Mrs. Macdonald, after her guest had
+left the house, took the sheets in which he had lain, folded them
+carefully, and charged her daughter that they should be kept unwashed,
+and that, when she died, her body should be wrapped in them as a winding
+sheet. Her will was religiously observed.
+
+Upon the road to Portree, Prince Charles changed his dress, and put on
+man's clothes again; a tartan short coat and waistcoat, with philibeg
+and short hose, a plaid, and a wig and bonnet.
+
+Mr. Donald M'Donald, called Donald Roy, had been sent express to the
+present Rasay, then the young laird, who was at that time at his
+sister's house, about three miles from Portree, attending his brother,
+Dr. Macleod, who was recovering of a wound he had received at the battle
+of Culloden. Mr. M'Donald communicated to young Rasay the plan of
+conveying the Wanderer to where old Rasay was; but was told that old
+Rasay had fled to Knoidart, a part of Glengary's estate. There was then
+a dilemma what should be done. Donald Roy proposed that he should
+conduct the Wanderer to the main land; but young Rasay thought it too
+dangerous at that time, and said it would be better to conceal him in
+the island of Rasay, till old Rasay could be informed where he was, and
+give his advice what was best. But the difficulty was, how to get him to
+Rasay. They could not trust a Portree crew, and all the Rasay boats had
+been destroyed, or carried off by the military, except two belonging to
+Malcolm M'Leod, which he had concealed somewhere.
+
+Dr. Macleod being informed of this difficulty, said he would risk his
+life once more for Prince Charles; and it having occurred, that there
+was a little boat upon a fresh-water lake in the neighbourhood, young
+Rasay and Dr. Macleod, with the help of some women, brought it to the
+sea, by extraordinary exertion, across a Highland mile of land, one half
+of which was bog, and the other a steep precipice.
+
+These gallant brothers, with the assistance of one little boy, rowed the
+small boat to Rasay, where they were to endeavour to find Captain
+M'Leod, as Malcolm was then called, and get one of his good boats, with
+which they might return to Portree, and receive the Wanderer; or, in
+case of not finding him, they were to make the small boat serve, though
+the danger was considerable.
+
+Fortunately, on their first landing, they found their cousin Malcolm,
+who, with the utmost alacrity, got ready one of his boats, with two
+strong men, John M'Kenzie, and Donald M'Friar. Malcolm, being the oldest
+man, and most cautious, said, that as young Rasay had not hitherto
+appeared in the unfortunate business, he ought not to run any risk; but
+that Dr. Macleod and himself, who were already publickly engaged, should
+go on this expedition. Young Rasay answered, with an oath, that he would
+go, at the risk of his life and fortune. 'In GOD'S name then (said
+Malcolm) let us proceed.' The two boatmen, however, now stopped short,
+till they should be informed of their destination; and M'Kenzie declared
+he would not move an oar till he knew where they were going. Upon which
+they were both sworn to secrecy; and the business being imparted to
+them, they were eager to put off to sea without loss of time. The boat
+soon landed about half a mile from the inn at Portree.
+
+All this was negotiated before the Wanderer got forward to Portree.
+Malcolm M'Leod and M'Friar were dispatched to look for him. In a short
+time he appeared, and went into the publick house. Here Donald Roy, whom
+he had seen at Mugstot, received him, and informed him of what had been
+concerted. He wanted silver for a guinea, but the landlord had only
+thirteen shillings. He was going to accept of this for his guinea; but
+Donald Roy very judiciously observed, that it would discover him to be
+some great man; so he desisted. He slipped out of the house, leaving his
+fair protectress, whom he never again saw; and Malcolm Macleod was
+presented to him by Donald Roy, as a captain in his army. Young Rasay
+and Dr. Macleod had waited, in impatient anxiety, in the boat. When he
+came, their names were announced to him. He would not permit the usual
+ceremonies of respect, but saluted them as his equals.
+
+Donald Roy staid in Sky, to be in readiness to get intelligence, and
+give an alarm in case the troops should discover the retreat to Rasay;
+and Prince Charles was then conveyed in a boat to that island in the
+night. He slept a little upon the passage, and they landed about
+day-break. There was some difficulty in accommodating him with a
+lodging, as almost all the houses in the island had been burnt by the
+soldiery. They repaired to a little hut, which some shepherds had lately
+built, and having prepared it as well as they could, and made a bed of
+heath for the stranger, they kindled a fire, and partook of some
+provisions which had been sent with him from Kingsburgh. It was
+observed, that he would not taste wheat-bread, or brandy, while
+oat-bread and whisky lasted; 'for these, said he, are my own country
+bread and drink.'--This was very engaging to the Highlanders.
+
+Young Rasay being the only person of the company that durst appear with
+safety, he went in quest of something fresh for them to eat: but though
+he was amidst his own cows, sheep, and goats, he could not venture to
+take any of them for fear of a discovery, but was obliged to supply
+himself by stealth. He therefore caught a kid, and brought it to the hut
+in his plaid, and it was killed and drest, and furnished them a meal
+which they relished much. The distressed Wanderer, whose health was now
+a good deal impaired by hunger, fatigue, and watching, slept a long
+time, but seemed to be frequently disturbed. Malcolm told me he would
+start from broken slumbers, and speak to himself in different languages,
+French, Italian, and English. I must however acknowledge, that it is
+highly probable that my worthy friend Malcolm did not know precisely the
+difference between French and Italian. One of his expressions in English
+was, 'O GOD! poor Scotland!'
+
+While they were in the hut, M'Kenzie and M'Friar, the two boatmen, were
+placed as sentinels upon different eminences; and one day an incident
+happened, which must not be omitted. There was a man wandering about the
+island, selling tobacco. Nobody knew him, and he was suspected to be a
+spy. M'Kenzie came running to the hut, and told that this suspected
+person was approaching. Upon which the three gentlemen, young Rasay, Dr.
+Macleod, and Malcolm, held a council of war upon him, and were
+unanimously of opinion that he should instantly be put to death. Prince
+Charles, at once assuming a grave and even severe countenance, said,
+'God forbid that we should take away a man's life, who may be innocent,
+while we can preserve our own.' The gentlemen however persisted in their
+resolution, while he as strenuously continued to take the merciful side.
+John M'Kenzie, who sat watching at the door of the hut, and overheard
+the debate, said in Erse, 'Well, well; he must be shot. You are the
+king, but we are the parliament, and will do what we choose.' Prince
+Charles, seeing the gentlemen smile, asked what the man had said, and
+being told it in English, he observed that he was a clever fellow, and,
+notwithstanding the perilous situation in which he was, laughed loud and
+heartily. Luckily the unknown person did not perceive that there were
+people in the hut, at least did not come to it, but walked on past it,
+unknowing of his risk. It was afterwards found out that he was one of
+the Highland army, who was himself in danger. Had he come to them, they
+were resolved to dispatch him; for, as Malcolm said to me, 'We could not
+keep him with us, and we durst not let him go. In such a situation, I
+would have shot my brother, if I had not been sure of him.' John
+M'Kenzie was at Rasay's house when we were there[551]. About eighteen
+years before, he hurt one of his legs when dancing, and being obliged to
+have it cut off, he now was going about with a wooden leg. The story of
+his being a _member of parliament_ is not yet forgotten. I took him out
+a little way from the house, gave him a shilling to drink Rasay's
+health, and led him into a detail of the particulars which I have just
+related. With less foundation, some writers have traced the idea of a
+parliament, and of the British constitution, in rude and early times. I
+was curious to know if he had really heard, or understood, any thing of
+that subject, which, had he been a greater man, would probably have been
+eagerly maintained. 'Why, John, (said I,) did you think the king should
+be controuled by a parliament?' He answered, 'I thought, Sir, there were
+many voices against one.'
+
+The conversation then turning on the times, the Wanderer said, that, to
+be sure, the life he had led of late was a very hard one; but he would
+rather live in the way he now did, for ten years, than fall into the
+hands of his enemies. The gentlemen asked him, what he thought his
+enemies would do with him, should he have the misfortune to fall into
+their hands. He said, he did not believe they would dare to take his
+life publickly, but he dreaded being privately destroyed by poison or
+assassination. He was very particular in his inquiries about the wound
+which Dr. Macleod had received at the battle of Culloden, from a ball
+which entered at one shoulder, and went cross to the other. The doctor
+happened still to have on the coat which he wore on that occasion. He
+mentioned, that he himself had his horse shot under him at Culloden;
+that the ball hit the horse about two inches from his knee, and made him
+so unruly that he was obliged to change him for another. He threw out
+some reflections on the conduct of the disastrous affair at Culloden,
+saying, however, that perhaps it was rash in him to do so. I am now
+convinced that his suspicions were groundless; for I have had a good
+deal of conversation upon the subject with my very worthy and ingenious
+friend, Mr. Andrew Lumisden, who was under secretary to Prince Charles,
+and afterwards principal secretary to his father at Rome, who, he
+assured me, was perfectly satisfied both of the abilities and honour of
+the generals who commanded the Highland army on that occasion. Mr.
+Lumisden has written an account of the three battles in 1745-6, at once
+accurate and classical[552]. Talking of the different Highland corps,
+the gentlemen who were present wished to have his opinion which were the
+best soldiers. He said, he did not like comparisons among those corps:
+they were all best.
+
+He told his conductors, he did not think it advisable to remain long in
+any one place; and that he expected a French ship to come for him to
+Lochbroom, among the Mackenzies. It then was proposed to carry him in
+one of Malcolm's boats to Lochbroom, though the distance was fifteen
+leagues coastwise. But he thought this would be too dangerous, and
+desired that, at any rate, they might first endeavour to obtain
+intelligence. Upon which young Rasay wrote to his friend, Mr. M'Kenzie
+of Applecross, but received an answer, that there was no appearance of
+any French ship.  It was therefore resolved that they should return to
+Sky, which they did, and landed in Strath, where they reposed in a
+cow-house belonging to Mr. Niccolson of Scorbreck. The sea was very
+rough, and the boat took in a good deal of water. The Wanderer asked if
+there was danger, as he was not used to such a vessel. Upon being told
+there was not, he sung an Erse song with much vivacity. He had by this
+time acquired a good deal of the Erse language.
+
+Young Rasay was now dispatched to where Donald Roy was, that they might
+get all the intelligence they could; and the Wanderer, with much
+earnestness, charged Dr. Macleod to have a boat ready, at a certain
+place about seven miles off, as he said he intended it should carry him
+upon a matter of great consequence; and gave the doctor a case,
+containing a silver spoon, knife, and fork, saying, 'keep you that till
+I see you,' which the doctor understood to be two days from that time.
+But all these orders were only blinds; for he had another plan in his
+head, but wisely thought it safest to trust his secrets to no more
+persons than was absolutely necessary. Having then desired Malcolm to
+walk with him a little way from the house, he soon opened his mind,
+saying, 'I deliver myself to you. Conduct me to the Laird of M'Kinnon's
+country.' Malcolm objected that it was very dangerous, as so many
+parties of soldiers were in motion. He answered, 'There is nothing now
+to be done without danger.' He then said, that Malcolm must be the
+master, and he the servant; so he took the bag, in which his linen was
+put up, and carried it on his shoulder; and observing that his
+waistcoat, which was of scarlet tartan, with a gold twist button, was
+finer than Malcolm's, which was of a plain ordinary tartan, he put on
+Malcolm's waistcoat, and gave him his; remarking at the same time, that
+it did not look well that the servant should be better dressed than
+the master.
+
+Malcolm, though an excellent walker, found himself excelled by Prince
+Charles, who told him, he should not much mind the parties that were
+looking for him, were he once but a musket shot from them; but that he
+was somewhat afraid of the Highlanders who were against him. He was well
+used to walking in Italy, in pursuit of game; and he was even now so
+keen a sportsman, that, having observed some partridges, he was going
+to take a shot: but Malcolm cautioned him against it, observing that the
+firing might be heard by the tenders[553] who were hovering upon
+the coast.
+
+As they proceeded through the mountains, taking many a circuit to avoid
+any houses, Malcolm, to try his resolution, asked him what they should
+do, should they fall in with a party of soldiers: he answered, 'Fight,
+to be sure!' Having asked Malcolm if he should be known in his present
+dress, and Malcolm having replied he would, he said, 'Then I'll blacken
+my face with powder.' 'That, said Malcolm, would discover you at once.'
+'Then, said he, I must be put in the greatest dishabille possible.' So
+he pulled off his wig, tied a handkerchief round his head, and put his
+night-cap over it, tore the ruffles from his shirt, took the buckles out
+of his shoes, and made Malcolm fasten them with strings; but still
+Malcolm thought he would be known. 'I have so odd a face, (said he) that
+no man ever saw me but he would know me again[554].'
+
+He seemed unwilling to give credit to the horrid narrative of men being
+massacred in cold blood, after victory had declared for the army
+commanded by the Duke of Cumberland. He could not allow himself to think
+that a general could be so barbarous[555].  When they came within two
+miles of M'Kinnon's house, Malcolm asked if he chose to see the laird.
+'No, (said he) by no means. I know M'Kinnon to be as good and as honest
+a man as any in the world, but he is not fit for my purpose at present.
+You must conduct me to some other house; but let it be a gentleman's
+house.' Malcolm then determined that they should go to the house of his
+brother-in-law, Mr. John M'Kinnon, and from thence be conveyed to the
+main land of Scotland, and claim the assistance of Macdonald of
+Scothouse. The Wanderer at first objected to this, because Scothouse was
+cousin to a person of whom he had suspicions. But he acquiesced in
+Malcolm's opinion.
+
+When they were near Mr. John M'Kinnon's house, they met a man of the
+name of Ross, who had been a private soldier in the Highland army. He
+fixed his eyes steadily on the Wanderer in his disguise, and having at
+once recognized him, he clapped his hands, and exclaimed, 'Alas! is this
+the case?' Finding that there was now a discovery, Malcolm asked 'What's
+to be done?' 'Swear him to secrecy,' answered Prince Charles. Upon which
+Malcolm drew his dirk, and on the naked blade, made him take a solemn
+oath, that he would say nothing of his having seen the Wanderer, till
+his escape should be made publick.
+
+Malcolm's sister, whose house they reached pretty early in the morning,
+asked him who the person was that was along with him. He said it was one
+Lewis Caw, from Crieff, who being a fugitive like himself, for the same
+reason, he had engaged him as his servant, but that he had fallen sick.
+'Poor man! (said she) I pity him. At the same time my heart warms to a
+man of his appearance.' Her husband was gone a little way from home; but
+was expected every minute to return. She set down to her brother a
+plentiful Highland breakfast. Prince Charles acted the servant very
+well, sitting at a respectful distance, with his bonnet off. Malcolm
+then said to him, 'Mr. Caw, you have as much need of this as I have;
+there is enough for us both: you had better draw nearer and share with
+me.' Upon which he rose, made a profound bow, sat down at table with his
+supposed master, and eat very heartily. After this there came in an old
+woman, who, after the mode of ancient hospitality, brought warm water,
+and washed Malcolm's feet. He desired her to wash the feet of the poor
+man who attended him. She at first seemed averse to this, from pride, as
+thinking him beneath her, and in the periphrastick language of the
+Highlanders and the Irish, said warmly, 'Though I washed your father's
+son's feet, why should I wash his father's son's feet?' She was however
+persuaded to do it.
+
+They then went to bed, and slept for some time; and when Malcolm awaked,
+he was told that Mr. John M'Kinnon, his brother-in-law, was in sight. He
+sprang out to talk to him before he should see Prince Charles. After
+saluting him, Malcolm, pointing to the sea, said, 'What, John, if the
+prince should be prisoner on board one of those tenders?' 'GOD forbid!'
+replied John. 'What if we had him here?' said Malcolm. 'I wish we had,'
+answered John; 'we should take care of him.' 'Well, John,' said Malcolm,
+'he is in your house.' John, in a transport of joy, wanted to run
+directly in, and pay his obeisance; but Malcolm stopped him, saying,
+'Now is your time to behave well, and do nothing that can discover him.'
+John composed himself, and having sent away all his servants upon
+different errands, he was introduced into the presence of his guest, and
+was then desired to go and get ready a boat lying near his house, which,
+though but a small leaky one, they resolved to take, rather than go to
+the Laird of M'Kinnon. John M'Kinnon, however, thought otherwise; and
+upon his return told them, that his Chief and lady M'Kinnon were coming
+in the laird's boat. Prince Charles said to his trusty Malcolm, 'I am
+sorry for this, but must make the best of it.' M'Kinnon then walked up
+from the shore, and did homage to the Wanderer. His lady waited in a
+cave, to which they all repaired, and were entertained with cold meat
+and wine. Mr. Malcolm M'Leod being now superseded by the Laird of
+M'Kinnon, desired leave to return, which was granted him, and Prince
+Charles wrote a short note, which he subscribed _James Thompson_,
+informing his friends that he had got away from Sky, and thanking them
+for their kindness; and he desired this might be speedily conveyed to
+young Rasay and Dr. Macleod, that they might not wait longer in
+expectation of seeing him again. He bade a cordial adieu to Malcolm, and
+insisted on his accepting of a silver stock-buckle, and ten guineas from
+his purse, though, as Malcolm told me, it did not appear to contain
+above forty. Malcolm at first begged to be excused, saying, that he had
+a few guineas at his service; but Prince Charles answered, 'You will
+have need of money. I shall get enough when I come upon the main land.'
+
+The Laird of M'Kinnon then conveyed him to the opposite coast of
+Knoidart. Old Rasay, to whom intelligence had been sent, was crossing at
+the same time to Sky; but as they did not know of each other, and each
+had apprehensions, the two boats kept aloof.
+
+These are the particulars which I have collected concerning the
+extraordinary concealment and escapes of Prince Charles, in the
+Hebrides. He was often in imminent danger.[556] The troops traced him
+from the Long Island, across Sky, to Portree, but there lost him.
+
+Here I stop,--having received no farther authentick information of his
+fatigues and perils before he escaped to France. Kings and subjects may
+both take a lesson of moderation from the melancholy fate of the House
+of Stuart; that Kings may not suffer degradation and exile, and subjects
+may not be harassed by the evils of a disputed succession.
+
+Let me close the scene on that unfortunate House with the elegant and
+pathetick reflections of _Voltaire_, in his _Histoire Générale_:--
+
+'Que les hommes privés (says that brilliant writer, speaking of Prince
+Charles) qui se croyent malheureux, jettent les yeux sur ce prince et
+ses ancêtres.'[557] In another place he thus sums up the sad story of
+the family in general:--
+
+'Il n'y a aucun exemple dans l'histoire d'une maison si longtems
+infortunée. Le premier des Rois d'Écosse, [ses aïeux] qui eut le nom de
+_Jacques_, après avoir été dix-huit ans prisonnier en Angleterre, mourut
+assassiné, avec sa femme, par la main de ses sujets. _Jacques_ II, son
+fils, fut tué à vingt-neuf ans en combattant contre les Anglois.
+_Jacques_ III, mis en prison par son peuple, fut tué ensuite par les
+révoltés, dans une bataille. _Jacques_ IV, périt dans un combat qu'il
+perdit. _Marie Stuart_, sa petite-fille, chassée de son trône, fugitive
+en Angleterre, ayant langui dix-huit ans en prison, se vit condamnée à
+mort par des juges Anglais, et eut la tête tranchée. _Charles_ Ier,
+petit-fils de _Marie_, Roi d'Écosse et d'Angleterre, vendu par les
+Écossois, et jugé à mort par les Anglais, mourut sur un échafaud dans la
+place publique. _Jacques_, son fils, septième du nom, et deuxième en
+Angleterre, fut chassé de ses trois royaumes; et pour comble de malheur
+on contesta à son fils [jusqu'à] sa naissance. Ce fils ne tenta de
+remonter sur le trône de ses pères, que pour faire périr ses amis par
+des bourreaux; et nous avons vu le Prince _Charles Édouard_, réunissant
+en vain les vertus de ses pères[558] et le courage du Roi _Jean
+Sobieski_, son aïeul maternel, exécuter les exploits et essuyer les
+malheurs les plus incroyables. Si quelque chose justifie ceux qui
+croient une fatalité à laquelle rien ne peut se soustraire, c'est cette
+suite continuelle de malheurs qui a persécuté la maison de _Stuart_,
+pendant plus de trois cents années.'[559]
+
+The gallant Malcolm was apprehended in about ten days after they
+separated, put aboard a ship and carried prisoner to London. He said,
+the prisoners in general were very ill treated in their passage; but
+there were soldiers on board who lived well, and sometimes invited him
+to share with them: that he had the good fortune not to be thrown into
+jail, but was confined in the house of a messenger, of the name of Dick.
+To his astonishment, only one witness could be found against him, though
+he had been so openly engaged; and therefore, for want of sufficient
+evidence, he was set at liberty. He added, that he thought himself in
+such danger, that he would gladly have compounded for banishment[560].
+Yet, he said, 'he should never be so ready for death as he then
+was[561].' There is philosophical truth in this. A man will meet death
+much more firmly at one time than another. The enthusiasm even of a
+mistaken principle warms the mind, and sets it above the fear of death;
+which in our cooler moments, if we really think of it, cannot but be
+terrible, or at least very awful.
+
+Miss Flora Macdonald being then also in London, under the protection of
+Lady Primrose[562], that lady provided a post-chaise to convey her to
+Scotland, and desired she might choose any friend she pleased to
+accompany her. She chose Malcolm. 'So (said he, with a triumphant air) I
+went to London to be hanged, and returned in a post-chaise with Miss
+Flora Macdonald.'
+
+Mr. Macleod of Muiravenside, whom we saw at Rasay, assured us that
+Prince Charles was in London in 1759[563], and that there was then a
+plan in agitation for restoring his family. Dr. Johnson could scarcely
+credit this story, and said, there could be no probable plan at that
+time. Such an attempt could not have succeeded, unless the King of
+Prussia had stopped the army in Germany; for both the army and the fleet
+would, even without orders, have fought for the King, to whom they had
+engaged themselves.
+
+Having related so many particulars concerning the grandson of the
+unfortunate King James the Second; having given due praise to fidelity
+and generous attachment, which, however erroneous the judgment may be,
+are honourable for the heart; I must do the Highlanders the justice to
+attest, that I found every where amongst them a high opinion of the
+virtues of the King now upon the throne, and an honest disposition to be
+faithful subjects to his majesty, whose family has possessed the
+sovereignty of this country so long, that a change, even for the
+abdicated family, would now hurt the best feelings of all his subjects.
+
+The _abstract_ point of _right_ would involve us in a discussion of
+remote and perplexed questions; and after all, we should have no clear
+principle of decision. That establishment, which, from political
+necessity, took place in 1688, by a breach in the succession of our
+kings, and which, whatever benefits may have accrued from it, certainly
+gave a shock to our monarchy,[564]--the able and constitutional
+Blackstone wisely rests on the solid footing of authority. 'Our
+ancestors having most indisputably a competent jurisdiction to decide
+this great and important question, and having, in fact, decided it, it
+is now become our duty, at this distance of time, to acquiesce in their
+determination.[565]'
+
+Mr. Paley, the present Archdeacon of Carlisle, in his _Principles of
+Moral and Political Philosophy_, having, with much clearness of
+argument, shewn the duty of submission to civil government to be founded
+neither on an indefeasible _jus divinum_, nor on _compact_, but on
+_expediency_, lays down this rational position:--
+
+'Irregularity in the first foundation of a state, or subsequent
+violence, fraud, or injustice, in getting possession of the supreme
+power, are not sufficient reasons for resistance, after the government
+is once peaceably settled. No subject of the _British_ empire conceives
+himself engaged to vindicate the justice of the _Norman_ claim or
+conquest, or apprehends that his duty in any manner depends upon that
+controversy. So likewise, if the house of _Lancaster_, or even the
+posterity of _Cromwell_, had been at this day seated upon the throne of
+_England_, we should have been as little concerned to enquire how the
+founder of the family came there[566].'  In conformity with this
+doctrine, I myself, though fully persuaded that the House of _Stuart_
+had originally no right to the crown of _Scotland_; for that _Baliol_,
+and not _Bruce_, was the lawful heir; should yet have thought it very
+culpable to have rebelled, on that account, against Charles the First,
+or even a prince of that house much nearer the time, in order to assert
+the claim of the posterity of Baliol.
+
+However convinced I am of the justice of that principle, which holds
+allegiance and protection to be reciprocal, I do however acknowledge,
+that I am not satisfied with the cold sentiment which would confine the
+exertions of the subject within the strict line of duty. I would have
+every breast animated with the _fervour_ of loyalty[567]; with that
+generous attachment which delights in doing somewhat more than is
+required, and makes 'service perfect freedom[568].' And, therefore, as
+our most gracious Sovereign, on his accession to the throne, gloried in
+being _born a Briton_[569]; so, in my more private sphere, _Ego me nunc_
+denique natum, _gratulor_[570]. I am happy that a disputed succession no
+longer distracts our minds; and that a monarchy, established by law, is
+now so sanctioned by time, that we can fully indulge those feelings of
+loyalty which I am ambitious to excite. They are feelings which have
+ever actuated the inhabitants of the Highlands and the Hebrides. The
+plant of loyalty is there in full vigour, and the Brunswick graft now
+flourishes like a native shoot. To that spirited race of people I may
+with propriety apply the elegant lines of a modern poet, on the 'facile
+temper of the beauteous sex[571]:'--
+
+     'Like birds new-caught, who flutter for a time,
+      And struggle with captivity in vain;
+      But by-and-by they rest, they smooth their plumes,
+      And to _new masters_ sing their former notes[572].'
+
+Surely such notes are much better than the querulous growlings of
+suspicious Whigs and discontented Republicans.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Kingsburgh conducted us in his boat across one of the lochs, as they
+call them, or arms of the sea, which flow in upon all the coasts of
+Sky,--to a mile beyond a place called _Grishinish_. Our horses had been
+sent round by land to meet us. By this sail we saved eight miles of bad
+riding. Dr. Johnson said, 'When we take into computation what we have
+saved, and what we have gained, by this agreeable sail, it is a great
+deal.' He observed, 'it is very disagreeable riding in Sky. The way is
+so narrow, one only at a time can travel, so it is quite unsocial; and
+you cannot indulge in meditation by yourself, because you must be always
+attending to the steps which your horse takes.' This was a just and
+clear description of its inconveniences.
+
+The topick of emigration being again introduced[573], Dr. Johnson said,
+that 'a rapacious chief would make a wilderness of his estate.' Mr.
+Donald M'Queen told us, that the oppression, which then made so much
+noise, was owing to landlords listening to bad advice in the letting of
+their lands; that interested and designed[574] people flattered them
+with golden dreams of much higher rents than could reasonably be paid:
+and that some of the gentlemen _tacksmen_[575], or upper tenants, were
+themselves in part the occasion of the mischief, by over-rating the
+farms of others. That many of the _tacksmen_, rather than comply with
+exorbitant demands, had gone off to America, and impoverished the
+country, by draining it of its wealth; and that their places were filled
+by a number of poor people, who had lived under them, properly speaking,
+as servants, paid by a certain proportion of the produce of the lands,
+though called sub-tenants. I observed, that if the men of substance were
+once banished from a Highland estate, it might probably be greatly
+reduced in its value; for one bad year might ruin a set of poor tenants,
+and men of any property would not settle in such a country, unless from
+the temptation of getting land extremely cheap; for an inhabitant of any
+good county in Britain, had better go to America than to the Highlands
+or the Hebrides. Here, therefore, was a consideration that ought to
+induce a Chief to act a more liberal part, from a mere motive of
+interest, independent of the lofty and honourable principle of keeping a
+clan together, to be in readiness to serve his king. I added, that I
+could not help thinking a little arbitrary power in the sovereign, to
+control the bad policy and greediness of the Chiefs, might sometimes be
+of service. In France a Chief would not be permitted to force a number
+of the king's subjects out of the country. Dr. Johnson concurred with
+me, observing, that 'were an oppressive chieftain a subject of the
+French king, he would probably be admonished by a _letter_.[576]'
+
+During our sail, Dr. Johnson asked about the use of the dirk, with which
+he imagined the Highlanders cut their meat. He was told, they had a
+knife and fork besides, to eat with. He asked, how did the women do? and
+was answered, some of them had a knife and fork too; but in general the
+men, when they had cut their meat, handed their knives and forks to the
+women, and they themselves eat with their fingers. The old tutor of
+Macdonald always eat fish with his fingers, alledging that a knife and
+fork gave it a bad taste. I took the liberty to observe to Dr. Johnson,
+that he did so. 'Yes, said he; but it is because I am short-sighted, and
+afraid of bones, for which reason I am not fond of eating many kinds of
+fish, because I must use my fingers.'
+
+Dr. M'Pherson's _Dissertations on Scottish Antiquities_, which he had
+looked at when at Corrichatachin[577], being mentioned, he remarked,
+that 'you might read half an hour, and ask yourself what you had been
+reading: there were so many words to so little matter, that there was no
+getting through the book.'
+
+As soon as we reached the shore, we took leave of Kingsburgh, and
+mounted our horses. We passed through a wild moor, in many places so
+soft that we were obliged to walk, which was very fatiguing to Dr.
+Johnson. Once he had advanced on horseback to a very bad step. There
+was a steep declivity on his left, to which he was so near, that there
+was not room for him to dismount in the usual way. He tried to alight on
+the other side, as if he had been a _young buck_ indeed, but in the
+attempt he fell at his length upon the ground; from which, however, he
+got up immediately without being hurt. During this dreary ride, we were
+sometimes relieved by a view of branches of the sea, that universal
+medium of connection amongst mankind. A guide, who had been sent with us
+from Kingsburgh, explored the way (much in the same manner as, I
+suppose, is pursued in the wilds of America,) by observing certain marks
+known only to the inhabitants. We arrived at Dunvegan late in the
+afternoon. The great size of the castle, which is partly old and partly
+new, and is built upon a rock close to the sea, while the land around it
+presents nothing but wild, moorish, hilly, and craggy appearances, gave
+a rude magnificence to the scene. Having dismounted, we ascended a
+flight of steps, which was made by the late Macleod, for the
+accommodation of persons coming to him by land, there formerly being,
+for security, no other access to the castle but from the sea; so that
+visitors who came by the land were under the necessity of getting into a
+boat, and sailed round to the only place where it could be approached.
+We were introduced into a stately dining-room, and received by Lady
+Macleod, mother of the laird, who, with his friend Talisker, having been
+detained on the road, did not arrive till some time after us.
+
+We found the lady of the house a very polite and sensible woman, who had
+lived for some time in London, and had there been in Dr. Johnson's
+company. After we had dined, we repaired to the drawing-room, where some
+of the young ladies of the family, with their mother, were at tea[578].
+This room had formerly been the bed-chamber of Sir Roderick Macleod, one
+of the old Lairds; and he chose it, because, behind it, there was a
+considerable cascade[579], the sound of which disposed him to sleep.
+Above his bed was this inscription: 'Sir Rorie M'Leod of Dunvegan,
+Knight. GOD send good rest!' Rorie is the contraction of Roderick. He
+was called Rorie _More_, that is, great Rorie, not from his size, but
+from his spirit. Our entertainment here was in so elegant a style, and
+reminded my fellow-traveller so much of England, that he became quite
+joyous. He laughed, and said, 'Boswell, we came in at the wrong end of
+this island.' 'Sir, (said I,) it was best to keep this for the last.' He
+answered, 'I would have it both first and last.'
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 14.
+
+Dr. Johnson said in the morning, 'Is not this a fine lady[580]?' There
+was not a word now of his 'impatience to be in civilized
+life[581];--though indeed I should beg pardon,--he found it here. We had
+slept well, and lain long. After breakfast we surveyed the castle, and
+the garden. Mr. Bethune, the parish minister,--Magnus M'Leod, of
+Claggan, brother to Talisker, and M'Leod of Bay, two substantial
+gentlemen of the clan, dined with us. We had admirable venison, generous
+wine; in a word, all that a good table has. This was really the hall of
+a chief. Lady M'Leod had been much obliged to my father, who had settled
+by arbitration a variety of perplexed claims between her and her
+relation, the Laird of Brodie, which she now repaid by particular
+attention to me. M'Leod started the subject of making women do penance
+in the church for fornication. JOHNSON. 'It is right, Sir. Infamy is
+attached to the crime, by universal opinion, as soon as it is known. I
+would not be the man who would discover it, if I alone knew it, for a
+woman may reform; nor would I commend a parson who divulges a woman's
+first offence; but being once divulged, it ought to be infamous.
+Consider, of what importance to society the chastity of women is. Upon
+that all the property in the world depends[582]. We hang a thief for
+stealing a sheep; but the unchastity of a woman transfers sheep, and
+farm and all, from the right owner. I have much more reverence for a
+common prostitute than for a woman who conceals her guilt. The
+prostitute is known. She cannot deceive: she cannot bring a strumpet
+into the arms of an honest man, without his knowledge. BOSWELL. 'There
+is, however, a great difference between the licentiousness of a single
+woman, and that of a married woman.' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; there is a
+great difference between stealing a shilling, and stealing a thousand
+pounds; between simply taking a man's purse, and murdering him first,
+and then taking it. But when one begins to be vicious, it is easy to go
+on. Where single women are licentious, you rarely find faithful married
+women.' BOSWELL. 'And yet we are told that in some nations in India, the
+distinction is strictly observed.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, don't give us India.
+That puts me in mind of Montesquieu, who is really a fellow of genius
+too in many respects; whenever he wants to support a strange opinion, he
+quotes you the practice of Japan or of some other distant country of
+which he knows nothing. To support polygamy, he tells you of the island
+of Formosa, where there are ten women born for one man[583]. He had but
+to suppose another island, where there are ten men born for one woman,
+and so make a marriage between them.[584]'  At supper, Lady Macleod
+mentioned Dr. Cadogan's book on the gout[585]. JOHNSON. 'It is a good
+book in general, but a foolish one in particulars. It is good in
+general, as recommending temperance and exercise, and cheerfulness. In
+that respect it is only Dr. Cheyne's book told in a new way; and there
+should come out such a book every thirty years, dressed in the mode of
+the times. It is foolish, in maintaining that the gout is not
+hereditary, and that one fit of it, when gone, is like a fever when
+gone.' Lady Macleod objected that the author does not practise what he
+teaches[586]. JOHNSON. 'I cannot help that, madam. That does not make
+his book the worse. People are influenced more by what a man says, if
+his practice is suitable to it,--because they are blockheads. The more
+intellectual people are, the readier will they attend to what a man
+tells them. If it is just, they will follow it, be his practice what it
+will. No man practises so well as he writes. I have, all my life long,
+been lying till noon[587]; yet I tell all young men, and tell them with
+great sincerity, that nobody who does not rise early will ever do any
+good. Only consider! You read a book; you are convinced by it; you do
+not know the authour. Suppose you afterwards know him, and find that he
+does not practise what he teaches; are you to give up your former
+conviction? At this rate you would be kept in a state of equilibrium,
+when reading every book, till you knew how the authour practised.[588]'
+'But,' said Lady M'Leod, 'you would think better of Dr. Cadogan, if he
+acted according to his principles.' JOHNSON. 'Why, Madam, to be sure, a
+man who acts in the face of light, is worse than a man who does not know
+so much; yet I think no man should be the worse thought of for
+publishing good principles. There is something noble in publishing
+truth, though it condemns one's self.[589]' I expressed some surprize at
+Cadogan's recommending good humour, as if it were quite in our own power
+to attain it. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, a man grows better humoured as he
+grows older. He improves by experience. When young, he thinks himself of
+great consequence, and every thing of importance. As he advances in
+life, he learns to think himself of no consequence, and little things of
+little importance; and so he becomes more patient, and better pleased.
+All good-humour and complaisance are acquired. Naturally a child seizes
+directly what it sees, and thinks of pleasing itself only. By degrees,
+it is taught to please others, and to prefer others; and that this will
+ultimately produce the greatest happiness. If a man is not convinced of
+that, he never will practise it. Common language speaks the truth as to
+this: we say, a person is well _bred_. As it is said, that all material
+motion is primarily in a right line, and is never _per circuitum_, never
+in another form, unless by some particular cause; so it may be said
+intellectual motion is.' Lady M'Leod asked, if no man was naturally
+good? JOHNSON. 'No, Madam, no more than a wolf.' BOSWELL. 'Nor no woman,
+Sir?' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir.[590]' Lady M'Leod started at this, saying, in a
+low voice, 'This is worse than Swift.'
+
+M'Leod of Ulinish had come in the afternoon. We were a jovial company at
+supper. The Laird, surrounded by so many of his clan, was to me a
+pleasing sight. They listened with wonder and pleasure, while Dr.
+Johnson harangued. I am vexed that I cannot take down his full strain of
+eloquence.
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 15.
+
+The gentlemen of the clan went away early in the morning to the harbour
+of Lochbradale, to take leave of some of their friends who were going to
+America. It was a very wet day. We looked at Rorie More's horn, which is
+a large cow's horn, with the mouth of it ornamented with silver
+curiously carved. It holds rather more than a bottle and a half. Every
+Laird of M'Leod, it is said, must, as a proof of his manhood, drink it
+off full of claret, without laying it down. From Rorie More many of the
+branches of the family are descended; in particular, the Talisker
+branch; so that his name is much talked of. We also saw his bow, which
+hardly any man now can bend, and his _Glaymore>_, which was wielded with
+both hands, and is of a prodigious size. We saw here some old pieces of
+iron armour, immensely heavy. The broadsword now used, though called the
+_Glaymore, (i.e._ the _great sword_) is much smaller than that used in
+Rorie More's time. There is hardly a target now to be found in the
+Highlands. After the disarming act[591], they made them serve as covers
+to their butter-milk barrels; a kind of change, like beating spears into
+pruning-hooks[592].
+
+Sir George Mackenzie's Works (the folio edition) happened to lie in a
+window in the dining room. I asked Dr. Johnson to look at the
+_Characteres Advocatorum_. He allowed him power of mind, and that he
+understood very well what he tells[593]; but said, that there was too
+much declamation, and that the Latin was not correct. He found fault
+with _appropinquabant_[594], in the character of Gilmour. I tried him
+with the opposition between _gloria_ and _palma_, in the comparison
+between Gilmour and Nisbet, which Lord Hailes, in his _Catalogue of the
+Lords of Session_, thinks difficult to be understood. The words are,
+_'penes illum gloria, penes hunc palma_[595].' In a short _Account of
+the Kirk of Scotland_, which I published some years ago, I applied these
+words to the two contending parties, and explained them thus: 'The
+popular party has most eloquence; Dr. Robertson's party most influence.'
+I was very desirous to hear Dr. Johnson's explication. JOHNSON. 'I see
+no difficulty. Gilmour was admired for his parts; Nisbet carried his
+cause by his skill in law. _Palma_ is victory.' I observed, that the
+character of Nicholson, in this book resembled that of Burke: for it is
+said, in one place, _'in omnes lusos & jocos se saepe resolvebat_[596];'
+and, in another, _'sed accipitris more e conspectu aliquando astantium
+sublimi se protrahens volatu, in praedam miro impetu descendebat[597]'._
+JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; I never heard Burke make a good joke in my
+life[598].' BOSWELL. 'But, Sir, you will allow he is a hawk.' Dr.
+Johnson, thinking that I meant this of his joking, said, 'No, Sir, he is
+not the hawk there. He is the beetle in the mire[599].' I still adhered
+to my metaphor,--'But he _soars_ as the hawk.' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; but
+he catches nothing.' M'Leod asked, what is the particular excellence of
+Burke's eloquence? JOHNSON. 'Copiousness and fertility of allusion; a
+power of diversifying his matter, by placing it in various relations.
+Burke has great information, and great command of language; though, in
+my opinion, it has not in every respect the highest elegance.' BOSWELL.
+'Do you think, Sir, that Burke has read Cicero much?' JOHNSON. 'I don't
+believe it, Sir. Burke has great knowledge, great fluency of words, and
+great promptness of ideas, so that he can speak with great illustration
+on any subject that comes before him. He is neither like Cicero, nor
+like Demosthenes[600], nor like any one else, but speaks as well as
+he can.'
+
+In the 65th page of the first volume of Sir George Mackenzie, Dr.
+Johnson pointed out a paragraph beginning with _Aristotle_, and told me
+there was an error in the text, which he bade me try to discover. I was
+lucky enough to hit it at once. As the passage is printed, it is said
+that the devil answers _even_ in _engines_. I corrected it to--_ever_ in
+_oenigmas_. 'Sir, (said he,) you are a good critick. This would have
+been a great thing to do in the text of an ancient authour.'
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 16.
+
+Last night much care was taken of Dr. Johnson, who was still distressed
+by his cold. He had hitherto most strangely slept without a night-cap.
+Miss M'Leod made him a large flannel one, and he was prevailed with to
+drink a little brandy when he was going to bed. He has great virtue in
+not drinking wine or any fermented liquor, because, as he acknowledged
+to us, he could not do it in moderation[601]. Lady M'Leod would hardly
+believe him, and said, 'I am sure, Sir, you would not carry it too far.'
+JOHNSON. 'Nay, madam, it carried me. I took the opportunity of a long
+illness to leave it off. It was then prescribed to me not to drink wine;
+and, having broken off the habit, I have never returned to it[602].'
+
+In the argument on Tuesday night, about natural goodness, Dr. Johnson
+denied that any child was better than another, but by difference of
+instruction; though, in consequence of greater attention being paid to
+instruction by one child than another, and of a variety of imperceptible
+causes, such as instruction being counteracted by servants, a notion was
+conceived, that of two children, equally well educated, one was
+naturally much worse than another. He owned, this morning, that one
+might have a greater aptitude to learn than another, and that we
+inherit dispositions from our parents[603]. 'I inherited, (said he,) a
+vile melancholy from my father, which has made me mad all my life, at
+least not sober[604].' Lady M'Leod wondered he should tell this. 'Madam,
+(said I,) he knows that with that madness he is superior to other men.'
+
+I have often been astonished with what exactness and perspicuity he will
+explain the process of any art. He this morning explained to us all the
+operation of coining, and, at night, all the operation of brewing, so
+very clearly, that Mr. M'Queen said, when he heard the first, he thought
+he had been bred in the Mint; when he heard the second, that he had been
+bred a brewer.
+
+I was elated by the thought of having been able to entice such a man to
+this remote part of the world. A ludicrous, yet just image presented
+itself to my mind, which I expressed to the company. I compared myself
+to a dog who has got hold of a large piece of meat, and runs away with
+it to a corner, where he may devour it in peace, without any fear of
+others taking it from him. 'In London, Reynolds, Beauclerk, and all of
+them, are contending who shall enjoy Dr. Johnson's conversation. We are
+feasting upon it, undisturbed, at Dunvegan.'
+
+It was still a storm of wind and rain. Dr. Johnson however walked out
+with M'Leod, and saw Rorie More's cascade in full perfection. Colonel
+M'Leod, instead of being all life and gaiety, as I have seen him, was at
+present grave, and somewhat depressed by his anxious concern about
+M'Leod's affairs, and by finding some gentlemen of the clan by no means
+disposed to act a generous or affectionate part to their Chief in his
+distress, but bargaining with him as with a stranger. However, he was
+agreeable and polite, and Dr. Johnson said, he was a very pleasing man.
+My fellow-traveller and I talked of going to Sweden[605]; and, while we
+were settling our plan, I expressed a pleasure in the prospect of seeing
+the king. JOHNSON. 'I doubt, Sir, if he would speak to us.' Colonel
+M'Leod said, 'I am sure Mr. Boswell would speak to _him_.' But, seeing
+me a little disconcerted by his remark, he politely added, 'and with
+great propriety.' Here let me offer a short defence of that propensity
+in my disposition, to which this gentleman alluded. It has procured me
+much happiness. I hope it does not deserve so hard a name as either
+forwardness or impudence. If I know myself, it is nothing more than an
+eagerness to share the society of men distinguished either by their rank
+or their talents, and a diligence to attain what I desire[606]. If a man
+is praised for seeking knowledge, though mountains and seas are in his
+way, may he not be pardoned, whose ardour, in the pursuit of the same
+object, leads him to encounter difficulties as great, though of a
+different kind?
+
+After the ladies were gone from table, we talked of the Highlanders not
+having sheets; and this led us to consider the advantage of wearing
+linen. JOHNSON. 'All animal substances are less cleanly than vegetable.
+Wool, of which flannel is made, is an animal substance; flannel
+therefore is not so cleanly as linen. I remember I used to think tar
+dirty; but when I knew it to be only a preparation of the juice of the
+pine, I thought so no longer. It is not disagreeable to have the gum
+that oozes from a plum-tree upon your fingers, because it is vegetable;
+but if you have any candle-grease, any tallow upon your fingers, you are
+uneasy till you rub it off. I have often thought, that if I kept a
+seraglio, the ladies should all wear linen gowns,--or cotton; I mean
+stuffs made of vegetable substances. I would have no silk; you cannot
+tell when it is clean: It will be very nasty before it is perceived to
+be so. Linen detects its own dirtiness.'
+
+To hear the grave Dr. Samuel Johnson, 'that majestick teacher of moral
+and religious wisdom,' while sitting solemn in an armchair in the Isle
+of Sky, talk, _ex cathedra_, of his keeping a seraglio[607], and
+acknowledge that the supposition had _often_ been in his thoughts,
+struck me so forcibly with ludicrous contrast, that I could not but
+laugh immoderately. He was too proud to submit, even for a moment, to be
+the object of ridicule, and instantly retaliated with such keen
+sarcastick wit, and such a variety of degrading images, of every one of
+which I was the object, that, though I can bear such attacks as well as
+most men, I yet found myself so much the sport of all the company, that
+I would gladly expunge from my mind every trace of this severe retort.
+
+Talking of our friend Langton's house in Lincolnshire, he said, 'the old
+house of the family was burnt. A temporary building was erected in its
+room; and to this day they have been always adding as the family
+increased. It is like a shirt made for a man when he was a child, and
+enlarged always as he grows older.'
+
+We talked to-night of Luther's allowing the Landgrave of Hesse two
+wives, and that it was with the consent of the wife to whom he was first
+married. JOHNSON. 'There was no harm in this, so far as she was only
+concerned, because _volenti non fit injuria_. But it was an offence
+against the general order of society, and against the law of the Gospel,
+by which one man and one woman are to be united. No man can have two
+wives, but by preventing somebody else from having one.'
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 17.
+
+After dinner yesterday, we had a conversation upon cunning. M'Leod said
+that he was not afraid of cunning people; but would let them play their
+tricks about him like monkeys. 'But, (said I,) they'll scratch;' and Mr.
+M'Queen added, 'they'll invent new tricks, as soon as you find out what
+they do.' JOHNSON. 'Cunning has effect from the credulity of others,
+rather than from the abilities of those who are cunning. It requires no
+extraordinary talents to lie and deceive[608].' This led us to consider
+whether it did not require great abilities to be very wicked. JOHNSON.
+'It requires great abilities to have the _power_ of being very wicked;
+but not to _be_ very wicked. A man who has the power, which great
+abilities procure him, may use it well or ill; and it requires more
+abilities to use it well, than to use it ill. Wickedness is always
+easier than virtue; for it takes the short cut to every thing. It is
+much easier to steal a hundred pounds, than to get it by labour, or any
+other way. Consider only what act of wickedness requires great abilities
+to commit it, when once the person who is to do it has the power; for
+_there_ is the distinction. It requires great abilities to conquer an
+army, but none to massacre it after it is conquered.'
+
+The weather this day was rather better than any that we had since we
+came to Dunvegan. Mr. M'Queen had often mentioned a curious piece of
+antiquity near this, which he called a temple of the Goddess ANAITIS.
+Having often talked of going to see it, he and I set out after
+breakfast, attended by his servant, a fellow quite like a savage. I must
+observe here, that in Sky there seems to be much idleness; for men and
+boys follow you, as colts follow passengers upon a road. The usual
+figure of a Sky-boy, is a _lown_ with bare legs and feet, a dirty
+_kilt_, ragged coat and waistcoat, a bare head, and a stick in his hand,
+which, I suppose, is partly to help the lazy rogue to walk, partly to
+serve as a kind of a defensive weapon. We walked what is called two
+miles, but is probably four, from the castle, till we came to the sacred
+place. The country around is a black dreary moor on all sides, except to
+the sea-coast, towards which there is a view through a valley; and the
+farm of _Bay_ shews some good land. The place itself is green ground,
+being well drained by means of a deep glen on each side, in both of
+which there runs a rivulet with a good quantity of water, forming
+several cascades, which make a considerable appearance and sound. The
+first thing we came to was an earthen mound, or dyke, extending from the
+one precipice to the other. A little farther on was a strong stone-wall,
+not high, but very thick, extending in the same manner. On the outside
+of it were the ruins of two houses, one on each side of the entry or
+gate to it. The wall is built all along of uncemented stones, but of so
+large a size as to make a very firm and durable rampart. It has been
+built all about the consecrated ground, except where the precipice is
+steep enough to form an inclosure of itself. The sacred spot contains
+more than two acres. There are within it the ruins of many houses, none
+of them large,--a _cairn_,--and many graves marked by clusters of
+stones. Mr. M'Queen insisted that the ruin of a small building, standing
+east and west, was actually the temple of the Goddess ANAITIS, where her
+statue was kept, and from whence processions were made to wash it in one
+of the brooks. There is, it must be owned, a hollow road, visible for a
+good way from the entrance; but Mr. M'Queen, with the keen eye of an
+antiquary, traced it much farther than I could perceive it. There is not
+above a foot and a half in height of the walls now remaining; and the
+whole extent of the building was never, I imagine, greater than an
+ordinary Highland house. Mr. M'Queen has collected a great deal of
+learning on the subject of the temple of ANAITIS; and I had endeavoured,
+in my _Journal_, to state such particulars as might give some idea of
+it, and of the surrounding scenery; but from the great difficulty of
+describing visible objects[609], I found my account so unsatisfactory,
+that my readers would probably have exclaimed
+
+     'And write about it, _Goddess_, and about it[610];'
+
+and therefore I have omitted it.
+
+When we got home, and were again at table with Dr. Johnson, we first
+talked of portraits. He agreed in thinking them valuable in families. I
+wished to know which he preferred, fine portraits, or those of which the
+merit was resemblance. JOHNSON. 'Sir, their chief excellence is being
+like.' BOSWELL. 'Are you of that opinion as to the portraits of
+ancestors, whom one has never seen?' JOHNSON. 'It then becomes of more
+consequence that they should be like; and I would have them in the dress
+of the times, which makes a piece of history. One should like to see how
+_Rorie More_ looked. Truth, Sir, is of the greatest value in these
+things[611].' Mr. M'Queen observed, that if you think it of no
+consequence whether portraits are like, if they are but well painted,
+you may be indifferent whether a piece of history is true or not, if
+well told.
+
+Dr. Johnson said at breakfast to-day, 'that it was but of late that
+historians bestowed pains and attention in consulting records, to attain
+to accuracy[1]. Bacon, in writing his history of Henry VII, does not
+seem to have consulted any, but to have just taken what he found in
+other histories, and blended it with what he learnt by tradition.' He
+agreed with me that there should be a chronicle kept in every
+considerable family, to preserve the characters and transactions of
+successive generations.
+
+After dinner I started the subject of the temple of ANAITIS. Mr. M'Queen
+had laid stress on the name given to the place by the country
+people,--_Ainnit_; and added, 'I knew not what to make of this piece of
+antiquity, till I met with the _Anaitidis delubrum_ in Lydia, mentioned
+by Pausanias and the elder Pliny.' Dr. Johnson, with his usual
+acuteness, examined Mr. M'Queen as to the meaning of the word _Ainnit_,
+in Erse; and it proved to be a _water-place_, or a place near water,
+'which,' said Mr. M'Queen, 'agrees with all the descriptions of the
+temples of that goddess, which were situated near rivers, that there
+might be water to wash the statue.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir, the argument
+from the name is gone. The name is exhausted by what we see. We have no
+occasion to go to a distance for what we can pick up under our feet. Had
+it been an accidental name, the similarity between it and Anaitis might
+have had something in it; but it turns out to be a mere physiological
+name.' Macleod said, Mr. M'Queen's knowledge of etymology had destroyed
+his conjecture. JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; Mr. M'Queen is like the eagle
+mentioned by Waller, who was shot with an arrow feather'd from his own
+wing[612].' Mr. M'Queen would not, however, give up his conjecture.
+JOHNSON. 'You have one possibility for you, and all possibilities
+against you. It is possible it may be the temple of Anaitis. But it is
+also possible that it may be a fortification; or it may be a place of
+Christian worship, as the first Christians often chose remote and wild
+places, to make an impression on the mind; or, if it was a heathen
+temple, it may have been built near a river, for the purpose of
+lustration; and there is such a multitude of divinities, to whom it may
+have been dedicated, that the chance of its being a temple of _Anaitis_
+is hardly any thing. It is like throwing a grain of sand upon the
+sea-shore to-day, and thinking you may find it to-morrow. No, Sir, this
+temple, like many an ill-built edifice, tumbles down before it is roofed
+in.' In his triumph over the reverend antiquarian, he indulged himself
+in a _conceit_; for, some vestige of the _altar_ of the goddess being
+much insisted on in support of the hypothesis, he said, 'Mr. M'Queen is
+fighting _pro_ aris _et focis'_.
+
+It was wonderful how well time passed in a remote castle, and in dreary
+weather. After supper, we talked of Pennant. It was objected that he was
+superficial. Dr. Johnson defended him warmly[613]. He said, 'Pennant has
+greater variety of enquiry than almost any man, and has told us more
+than perhaps one in ten thousand could have done, in the time that he
+took. He has not said what he was to tell; so you cannot find fault with
+him, for what he has not told. If a man comes to look for fishes, you
+cannot blame him if he does not attend to fowls.' 'But,' said Colonel
+M'Leod, 'he mentions the unreasonable rise of rents in the Highlands,
+and says, "the gentlemen are for emptying the bag, without filling
+it[614];" for that is the phrase he uses. Why does he not tell how to
+fill it?' JOHNSON. 'Sir, there is no end of negative criticism. He tells
+what he observes, and as much as he chooses. If he tells what is not
+true, you may find fault with him; but, though he tells that the land is
+not well cultivated, he is not obliged to tell how it may be well
+cultivated. If I tell that many of the Highlanders go bare-footed, I am
+not obliged to tell how they may get shoes. Pennant tells a fact. He
+need go no farther, except he pleases. He exhausts nothing; and no
+subject whatever has yet been exhausted. But Pennant has surely told a
+great deal. Here is a man six feet high, and you are angry because he is
+not seven.' Notwithstanding this eloquent _Oratio pro Pennantio_, which
+they who have read this gentleman's _Tours_, and recollect the _Savage_
+and the _Shopkeeper_ at _Monboddo_[615], will probably impute to the
+spirit of contradiction, I still think that he had better have given
+more attention to fewer things, than have thrown together such a number
+of imperfect accounts.
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 18.
+
+Before breakfast, Dr. Johnson came up to my room to forbid me to mention
+that this was his birthday; but I told him I had done it already; at
+which he was displeased[616]; I suppose from wishing to have nothing
+particular done on his account. Lady M'Leod and I got into a warm
+dispute. She wanted to build a house upon a farm which she has taken,
+about five miles from the castle, and to make gardens and other
+ornaments there; all of which I approved of; but insisted that the seat
+of the family should always be upon the rock of Dunvegan. JOHNSON. 'Ay,
+in time we'll build all round this rock. You may make a very good house
+at the farm; but it must not be such as to tempt the Laird of M'Leod to
+go thither to reside. Most of the great families in England have a
+secondary residence, which is called a jointure-house: let the new house
+be of that kind.' The lady insisted that the rock was very inconvenient;
+that there was no place near it where a good garden could be made; that
+it must always be a rude place; that it was a _Herculean_ labour to make
+a dinner here. I was vexed to find the alloy of modern refinement in a
+lady who had so much old family spirit. 'Madam, (said I,) if once you
+quit this rock, there is no knowing where you may settle. You move five
+miles first;--then to St. Andrews, as the late Laird did;--then to
+Edinburgh;--and so on till you end at Hampstead, or in France. No, no;
+keep to the rock: it is the very jewel of the estate. It looks as if it
+had been let down from heaven by the four corners, to be the residence
+of a Chief. Have all the comforts and conveniences of life upon it, but
+never leave Rorie More's cascade.' 'But, (said she,) is it not enough if
+we keep it? Must we never have more convenience than Rorie More had? he
+had his beef brought to dinner in one basket, and his bread in another.
+Why not as well be Rorie More all over, as live upon his rock? And
+should not we tire, in looking perpetually on this rock? It is very well
+for you, who have a fine place, and every thing easy, to talk thus, and
+think of chaining honest folks to a rock. You would not live upon it
+yourself.' 'Yes, Madam, (said I,) I would live upon it, were I Laird of
+M'Leod, and should be unhappy if I were not upon it.' JOHNSON. (with a
+strong voice, and most determined manner), 'Madam, rather than quit the
+old rock, Boswell would live in the pit; he would make his bed in the
+dungeon.' I felt a degree of elation, at finding my resolute feudal
+enthusiasm thus confirmed by such a sanction. The lady was puzzled a
+little. She still returned to her pretty farm,--rich ground,--fine
+garden. 'Madam, (said Dr. Johnson,) were they in Asia, I would not leave
+the rock.' My opinion on this subject is still the same. An ancient
+family residence ought to be a primary object; and though the situation
+of Dunvegan be such that little can be done here in gardening, or
+pleasure-ground, yet, in addition to the veneration required by the
+lapse of time, it has many circumstances of natural grandeur, suited to
+the seat of a Highland Chief: it has the sea--islands--rocks,--hills,
+--a noble cascade; and when the family is again in opulence, something
+may be done by art.  Mr. Donald M'Queen went away to-day, in order to
+preach at Bracadale next day. We were so comfortably situated at
+Dunvegan, that Dr. Johnson could hardly be moved from it. I proposed to
+him that we should leave it on Monday. 'No, Sir, (said he,) I will not
+go before Wednesday. I will have some more of this good[617].' However,
+as the weather was at this season so bad, and so very uncertain, and we
+had a great deal to do yet, Mr. M'Queen and I prevailed with him to
+agree to set out on Monday, if the day should be good. Mr. M'Queen,
+though it was inconvenient for him to be absent from his harvest,
+engaged to wait on Monday at Ulinish for us. When he was going away, Dr.
+Johnson said, 'I shall ever retain a great regard for you[618];' then
+asked him if he had _The Rambler_. Mr. M'Queen said, 'No; but my brother
+has it.' JOHNSON. 'Have you _The Idler_? M'QUEEN. 'No, Sir.' JOHNSON.
+'Then I will order one for you at Edinburgh, which you will keep in
+remembrance of me.' Mr. M'Queen was much pleased with this. He expressed
+to me, in the strongest terms, his admiration of Dr. Johnson's wonderful
+knowledge, and every other quality for which he is distinguished. I
+asked Mr. M'Queen, if he was satisfied with being a minister in Sky. He
+said he was; but he owned that his forefathers having been so long
+there, and his having been born there, made a chief ingredient in
+forming his contentment. I should have mentioned that on our left hand,
+between Portree and Dr. Macleod's house, Mr. M'Queen told me there had
+been a college of the Knights Templars; that tradition said so; and that
+there was a ruin remaining of their church, which had been burnt: but I
+confess Dr. Johnson has weakened my belief in remote tradition. In the
+dispute about _Anaitis_, Mr. M'Queen said, Asia Minor was peopled by
+Scythians, and, as they were the ancestors of the Celts, the same
+religion might be in Asia Minor and Sky. JOHNSON. 'Alas! Sir, what can a
+nation that has not letters tell of its original. I have always
+difficulty to be patient when I hear authours gravely quoted, as giving
+accounts of savage nations, which accounts they had from the savages
+themselves. What can the _M'Craas_[619] tell about themselves a thousand
+years ago? There is no tracing the connection of ancient nations, but by
+language; and therefore I am always sorry when any language is lost,
+because languages are the pedigree of nations[620]. If you find the same
+language in distant countries, you may be sure that the inhabitants of
+each have been the same people; that is to say, if you find the
+languages a good deal the same; for a word here and there being the
+same, will not do. Thus Butler, in his _Hudibras_, remembering that
+_Penguin_, in the Straits of Magellan, signifies a bird with a white
+head, and that the same word has, in Wales, the signification of a
+white-headed wench, (_pen_ head, and _guin_ white,) by way of ridicule,
+concludes that the people of those Straits are Welsh[621].'
+
+A young gentleman of the name of M'Lean, nephew to the Laird of the isle
+of Muck, came this morning; and, just as we sat down to dinner, came the
+Laird of the isle, of Muck himself, his lady, sister to Talisker, two
+other ladies their relations, and a daughter of the late M'Leod of
+Hamer, who wrote a treatise on the second sight, under the designation
+of THEOPHILUS INSULANUS[622]. It was somewhat droll to hear this Laird
+called by his title. _Muck_ would have sounded ill; so he was called
+_Isle of Muck_, which went off with great readiness. The name, as now
+written, is unseemly, but it is not so bad in the original Erse, which
+is _Mouach_, signifying the Sows' Island. Buchanan calls it INSULA
+PORCORUM. It is so called from its form. Some call it Isle of _Monk_.
+The Laird insists that this is the proper name. It was formerly
+church-land belonging to Icolmkill, and a hermit lived in it. It is two
+miles long, and about three quarters of a mile broad. The Laird said, he
+had seven score of souls upon it. Last year he had eighty persons
+inoculated, mostly children, but some of them eighteen years of age. He
+agreed with the surgeon to come and do it, at half a crown a head. It is
+very fertile in corn, of which they export some; and its coasts abound
+in fish. A taylor comes there six times in a year. They get a good
+blacksmith from the isle of Egg.
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 19.
+
+It was rather worse weather than any that we had yet. At breakfast Dr.
+Johnson said, 'Some cunning men choose fools for their wives, thinking
+to manage them, but they always fail. There is a spaniel fool and a mule
+fool. The spaniel fool may be made to do by beating. The mule fool will
+neither do by words or blows; and the spaniel fool often turns mule at
+last: and suppose a fool to be made do pretty well, you must have the
+continual trouble of making her do. Depend upon it, no woman is the
+worse for sense and knowledge.[623]' Whether afterwards he meant merely
+to say a polite thing, or to give his opinion, I could not be sure; but
+he added, 'Men know that women are an over-match for them, and therefore
+they choose the weakest or most ignorant. If they did not think so, they
+never could be afraid of women knowing as much as themselves.'[624] In
+justice to the sex, I think it but candid to acknowledge, that, in a
+subsequent conversation, he told me that he was serious in what he
+had said.
+
+He came to my room this morning before breakfast, to read my Journal,
+which he has done all along. He often before said, 'I take great delight
+in reading it.' To-day he said, 'You improve: it grows better and
+better.' I observed, there was a danger of my getting a habit of writing
+in a slovenly manner. 'Sir,' said he, 'it is not written in a slovenly
+manner. It might be printed, were the subject fit for printing[625].'
+While Mr. Beaton preached to us in the dining-room, Dr. Johnson sat in
+his own room, where I saw lying before him a volume of Lord Bacon's
+works, _The Decay of Christian Piety_, Monboddo's _Origin of Language_,
+and Sterne's _Sermons_[626]. He asked me to-day how it happened that we
+were so little together: I told him, my Journal took up much time. Yet,
+on reflection, it appeared strange to me, that although I will run from
+one end of London to another to pass an hour with him, I should omit to
+seize any spare time to be in his company, when I am settled in the same
+house with him. But my Journal is really a task of much time and labour,
+and he forbids me to contract it.
+
+I omitted to mention, in its place, that Dr. Johnson told Mr. M'Queen
+that he had found the belief of the second sight universal in Sky,
+except among the clergy, who seemed determined against it. I took the
+liberty to observe to Mr. M'Queen, that the clergy were actuated by a
+kind of vanity. 'The world, (say they,) takes us to be credulous men in
+a remote corner. We'll shew them that we are more enlightened than they
+think.' The worthy man said, that his disbelief of it was from his not
+finding sufficient evidence; but I could perceive that he was prejudiced
+against it[627].
+
+After dinner to-day, we talked of the extraordinary fact of Lady
+Grange's being sent to St. Kilda, and confined there for several years,
+without any means of relief[628]. Dr. Johnson said, if M'Leod would let
+it be known that he had such a place for naughty ladies, he might make
+it a very profitable island. We had, in the course of our tour, heard of
+St. Kilda poetry. Dr. Johnson observed, 'it must be very poor, because
+they have very few images.' BOSWELL. 'There may be a poetical genius
+shewn in combining these, and in making poetry of them.' JOHNSON. 'Sir,
+a man cannot make fire but in proportion as he has fuel. He cannot coin
+guineas but in proportion as he has gold.' At tea he talked of his
+intending to go to Italy in 1775. M'Leod said, he would like Paris
+better. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; there are none of the French literati now
+alive, to visit whom I would cross a sea. I can find in Buffon's book
+all that he can say[629].'
+
+After supper he said, 'I am sorry that prize-fighting is gone out[630];
+every art should be preserved, and the art of defence is surely
+important. It is absurd that our soldiers should have swords, and not be
+taught the use of them. Prize-fighting made people accustomed not to be
+alarmed at seeing their own blood, or feeling a little pain from a
+wound. I think the heavy _glaymore_ was an ill-contrived weapon. A man
+could only strike once with it. It employed both his hands, and he must
+of course be soon fatigued with wielding it; so that if his antagonist
+could only keep playing a while, he was sure of him. I would fight with
+a dirk against Rorie More's sword. I could ward off a blow with a dirk,
+and then run in upon my enemy. When within that heavy sword, I have him;
+he is quite helpless, and I could stab him at my leisure, like a calf.
+It is thought by sensible military men, that the English do not enough
+avail themselves of their superior strength of body against the French;
+for that must always have a great advantage in pushing with bayonets. I
+have heard an officer say, that if women could be made to stand, they
+would do as well as men in a mere interchange of bullets from a
+distance: but, if a body of men should come close up to them, then to be
+sure they must be overcome; now, (said he,) in the same manner the
+weaker-bodied French must be overcome by our strong soldiers.'
+
+The subject of duelling was introduced[631] JOHNSON. 'There is no case
+in England where one or other of the combatants _must_ die: if you have
+overcome your adversary by disarming him, that is sufficient, though you
+should not kill him; your honour, or the honour of your family, is
+restored, as much as it can be by a duel. It is cowardly to force your
+antagonist to renew the combat, when you know that you have the
+advantage of him by superior skill. You might just as well go and cut
+his throat while he is asleep in his bed. When a duel begins, it is
+supposed there may be an equality; because it is not always skill that
+prevails. It depends much on presence of mind; nay on accidents. The
+wind may be in a man's face. He may fall. Many such things may decide
+the superiority. A man is sufficiently punished, by being called out,
+and subjected to the risk that is in a duel.' But on my suggesting that
+the injured person is equally subjected to risk, he fairly owned he
+could not explain the rationality of duelling.
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 20.
+
+When I awaked, the storm was higher still. It abated about nine, and the
+sun shone; but it rained again very soon, and it was not a day for
+travelling. At breakfast, Dr. Johnson told us, 'there was once a pretty
+good tavern in Catherine-street in the Strand, where very good company
+met in an evening, and each man called for his own half-pint of wine, or
+gill, if he pleased; they were frugal men, and nobody paid but for what
+he himself drank. The house furnished no supper; but a woman attended
+with mutton-pies, which any body might purchase. I was introduced to
+this company by Cumming the Quaker[632], and used to go there sometimes
+when I drank wine. In the last age, when my mother lived in London,
+there were two sets of people, those who gave the wall, and those who
+took it; the peaceable and the quarrelsome. When I returned to
+Lichfield, after having been in London, my mother asked me whether I was
+one of those who gave the wall, or those who took it. Now, it is fixed
+that every man keeps to the right; or, if one is taking the wall,
+another yields it, and it is never a dispute[633].' He was very severe
+on a lady, whose name was mentioned. He said, he would have sent her to
+St. Kilda. That she was as bad as negative badness could be, and stood
+in the way of what was good: that insipid beauty would not go a great
+way; and that such a woman might be cut out of a cabbage, if there was a
+skilful artificer.
+
+M'Leod was too late in coming to breakfast. Dr. Johnson said, laziness
+was worse than the tooth-ach. BOSWELL. 'I cannot agree with you, Sir; a
+bason of cold water or a horse whip will cure laziness.' JOHNSON. 'No,
+Sir, it will only put off the fit; it will not cure the disease. I have
+been trying to cure my laziness all my life, and could not do it.'
+BOSWELL. 'But if a man does in a shorter time what might be the labour
+of a life, there is nothing to be said against him.' JOHNSON (perceiving
+at once that I alluded to him and his _Dictionary_). 'Suppose that
+flattery to be true, the consequence would be, that the world would have
+no right to censure a man; but that will not justify him to
+himself[634].'
+
+After breakfast, he said to me, 'A Highland Chief should now endeavour
+to do every thing to raise his rents, by means of the industry of his
+people. Formerly, it was right for him to have his house full of idle
+fellows; they were his defenders, his servants, his dependants, his
+friends. Now they may be better employed. The system of things is now so
+much altered, that the family cannot have influence but by riches,
+because it has no longer the power of ancient feudal times. An
+individual of a family may have it; but it cannot now belong to a
+family, unless you could have a perpetuity of men with the same views.
+M'Leod has four times the land that the Duke of Bedford has. I think,
+with his spirit, he may in time make himself the greatest man in the
+King's dominions; for land may always be improved to a certain degree. I
+would never have any man sell land, to throw money into the funds, as is
+often done, or to try any other species of trade. Depend upon it, this
+rage of trade will destroy itself. You and I shall not see it; but the
+time will come when there will be an end of it. Trade is like gaming. If
+a whole company are gamesters, play must cease; for there is nothing to
+be won. When all nations are traders, there is nothing to be gained by
+trade[635], and it will stop first where it is brought to the greatest
+perfection. Then the proprietors of land only will be the great men.' I
+observed, it was hard that M'Leod should find ingratitude in so many of
+his people. JOHNSON. 'Sir, gratitude is a fruit of great cultivation;
+you do not find it among gross people.' I doubt of this. Nature seems to
+have implanted gratitude in all living creatures[636]. The lion,
+mentioned by Aulus Gellius, had it[637]. It appears to me that culture,
+which brings luxury and selfishness with it, has a tendency rather to
+weaken than promote this affection.
+
+Dr. Johnson said this morning, when talking of our setting out, that he
+was in the state in which Lord Bacon represents kings. He desired the
+end, but did not like the means[638]. He wished much to get home, but
+was unwilling to travel in Sky. 'You are like kings too in this, Sir,
+(said I,) that you must act under the direction of others.'
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 21.
+
+The uncertainty of our present situation having prevented me from
+receiving any letters from home for some time, I could not help being
+uneasy. Dr. Johnson had an advantage over me, in this respect, he having
+no wife or child to occasion anxious apprehensions in his mind[639]. It
+was a good morning; so we resolved to set out. But, before quitting this
+castle, where we have been so well entertained, let me give a short
+description of it.
+
+Along the edge of the rock, there are the remains of a wall, which is
+now covered with ivy. A square court is formed by buildings of different
+ages, particularly some towers, said to be of great antiquity; and at
+one place there is a row of false cannon of stone[640]. There is a very
+large unfinished pile, four stories high, which we were told was here
+when _Leod_, the first of this family, came from the Isle of Man,
+married the heiress of the M'Crails, the ancient possessors of Dunvegan,
+and afterwards acquired by conquest as much land as he had got by
+marriage. He surpassed the house of Austria; for he was _felix_ both
+_bella gerere_ et _nubere_[641]. John _Breck_ M'Leod, the grandfather of
+the late laird, began to repair the castle, or rather to complete it:
+but he did not live to finish his undertaking[642]. Not doubting,
+however, that he should do it, he, like those who have had their
+epitaphs written before they died, ordered the following inscription,
+composed by the minister of the parish, to be cut upon a broad stone
+above one of the lower windows, where it still remains to celebrate what
+was not done, and to serve as a memento of the uncertainty of life, and
+the presumption of man:--
+
+'Joannes Macleod Beganoduni Dominus gentis suae Philarchus[643],
+Durinesiae Haraiae Vaternesiae, &c.: Baro D. Florae Macdonald
+matrimoniali vinculo conjugatus turrem hanc Beganodunensem proavorum
+habitaculum longe vetustissimum diu penitus labefectatam Anno aerae
+vulgaris MDCLXXXVI. instauravit.
+
+     'Quem stabilire juvat proavorum tecta vetusta,
+      Omne scelus fugiat, justitiamque colat.
+      Vertit in aerias turres magalia virtus,
+      Inque casas humiles tecta superba nefas.'
+
+M'Leod and Talisker accompanied us. We passed by the parish church of
+_Durinish_. The church-yard is not inclosed, but a pretty murmuring
+brook runs along one side of it. In it is a pyramid erected to the
+memory of Thomas Lord Lovat, by his son Lord Simon, who suffered on
+Tower-hill[644]. It is of free-stone, and, I suppose, about thirty feet
+high. There is an inscription on a piece of white marble inserted in it,
+which I suspect to have been the composition of Lord Lovat himself,
+being much in his pompous style:--
+
+'This pyramid was erected by SIMON LORD FRASER of LOVAT, in honour of
+Lord THOMAS his Father, a Peer of Scotland, and Chief of the great and
+ancient Clan of the FRASERS. Being attacked for his birthright by the
+family of ATHOLL, then in power and favour with KING WILLIAM, yet, by
+the valour and fidelity of his clan, and the assistance of the
+CAMPBELLS, the old friends and allies of his family, he defended his
+birthright with such greatness and fermety of soul, and such valour and
+activity, that he was an honour to his name, and a good pattern to all
+brave Chiefs of clans. He died in the month of May, 1699, in the 63rd
+year of his age, in Dunvegan, the house of the LAIRD of MAC LEOD, whose
+sister he had married: by whom he had the above SIMON LORD FRASER, and
+several other children. And, for the great love he bore to the family of
+MAC LEOD, he desired to be buried near his wife's relations, in the
+place where two of her uncles lay. And his son LORD SIMON, to shew to
+posterity his great affection for his mother's kindred, the brave MAC
+LEODS, chooses rather to leave his father's bones with them, than carry
+them to his own burial-place, near Lovat.'
+
+I have preserved this inscription[645], though of no great value,
+thinking it characteristical of a man who has made some noise in the
+world. Dr. Johnson said, it was poor stuff, such as Lord Lovat's butler
+might have written.
+
+I observed, in this church-yard, a parcel of people assembled at a
+funeral, before the grave was dug. The coffin, with the corpse in it,
+was placed on the ground, while the people alternately assisted in
+making a grave. One man, at a little distance, was busy cutting a long
+turf for it, with the crooked spade which is used in Sky; a very aukward
+instrument. The iron part of it is like a plough-coulter. It has a rude
+tree for a handle, in which a wooden pin is placed for the foot to press
+upon. A traveller might, without further enquiry, have set this down as
+the mode of burying in Sky. I was told, however, that the usual way is
+to have a grave previously dug.
+
+I observed to-day, that the common way of carrying home their grain here
+is in loads on horseback. They have also a few sleds, or _cars_, as we
+call them in Ayrshire, clumsily made, and rarely used[646].
+
+We got to Ulinish about six o'clock, and found a very good farm-house,
+of two stories. Mr. M'Leod of Ulinish, the sheriff-substitute of the
+island, was a plain honest gentleman, a good deal like an English
+Justice of peace; not much given to talk, but sufficiently sagacious,
+and somewhat droll. His daughter, though she was never out of Sky, was a
+very well-bred woman. Our reverend friend, Mr. Donald M'Queen, kept his
+appointment, and met us here.
+
+Talking of Phipps's voyage to the North Pole, Dr. Johnson observed, that
+it 'was conjectured that our former navigators have kept too near land,
+and so have found the sea frozen far north, because the land hinders the
+free motion of the tide; but, in the wide ocean, where the waves tumble
+at their full convenience, it is imagined that the frost does not take
+effect.'[647]
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 22.
+
+In the morning I walked out, and saw a ship, the Margaret of Clyde, pass
+by with a number of emigrants on board. It was a melancholy sight. After
+breakfast, we went to see what was called a subterraneous house, about a
+mile off. It was upon the side of a rising ground. It was discovered by
+a fox's having taken up his abode in it, and in chasing him, they dug
+into it. It was very narrow and low, and seemed about forty feet in
+length. Near it, we found the foundations of several small huts, built
+of stone. Mr. M'Queen, who is always for making every thing as ancient
+as possible, boasted that it was the dwelling of some of the first
+inhabitants of the island, and observed, what a curiosity it was to find
+here a specimen of the houses of the _Aborigines_, which he believed
+could be found no where else; and it was plain that they lived without
+fire. Dr. Johnson remarked, that they who made this were not in the
+rudest state; for that it was more difficult to make _it_ than to build
+a house; therefore certainly those who made it were in possession of
+houses, and had this only as a hiding-place. It appeared to me, that the
+vestiges of houses, just by it, confirmed Dr. Johnson's opinion.
+
+From an old tower, near this place, is an extensive view of
+Loch-Braccadil, and, at a distance, of the isles of Barra and South
+Uist; and on the land-side, the _Cuillin_, a prodigious range of
+mountains, capped with rocky pinnacles in a strange variety of shapes.
+They resemble the mountains near Corté in Corsica, of which there is a
+very good print. They make part of a great range for deer, which, though
+entirely devoid of trees, is in these countries called a _forest_.
+
+In the afternoon, Ulinish carried us in his boat to an island possessed
+by him, where we saw an immense cave, much more deserving the title of
+_antrum immane_[648] than that of the Sybil described by Virgil, which I
+likewise have visited. It is one hundred and eighty feet long, about
+thirty feet broad, and at least thirty feet high. This cave, we were
+told, had a remarkable echo; but we found none[649]. They said it was
+owing to the great rains having made it damp. Such are the excuses by
+which the exaggeration of Highland narratives is palliated. There is a
+plentiful garden at Ulinish, (a great rarity in Sky,) and several trees;
+and near the house is a hill, which has an Erse name, signifying, _'the
+hill of strife'_, where, Mr. M'Queen informed us, justice was of old
+administered. It is like the _mons placiti_ of Scone, or those hills
+which are called _laws_[650], such as Kelly _law_, North Berwick _law_,
+and several others. It is singular that this spot should happen now to
+be the sheriff's residence.
+
+We had a very cheerful evening, and Dr. Johnson talked a good deal on
+the subject of literature. Speaking of the noble family of Boyle, he
+said, that all the Lord Orrerys, till the present, had been writers.
+The first wrote several plays[651]; the second[652] was Bentley's
+antagonist; the third[653] wrote the _Life of Swift_, and several other
+things; his son Hamilton wrote some papers in the _Adventurer_ and
+_World_. He told us, he was well acquainted with Swift's Lord Orrery. He
+said, he was a feebleminded man; that, on the publication of Dr.
+Delany's _Remarks_ on his book, he was so much alarmed that he was
+afraid to read them. Dr. Johnson comforted him, by telling him they were
+both in the right; that Delany had seen most of the good side of
+Swift,--Lord Orrery most of the bad. M'Leod asked, if it was not wrong
+in Orrery to expose the defects of a man with whom he lived in intimacy.
+JOHNSON. 'Why no, Sir, after the man is dead; for then it is done
+historically[654].' He added, 'If Lord Orrery had been rich, he would
+have been a very liberal patron. His conversation was like his writings,
+neat and elegant, but without strength. He grasped at more than his
+abilities could reach; tried to pass for a better talker, a better
+writer, and a better thinker than he was[655]. There was a quarrel
+between him and his father, in which his father was to blame; because it
+arose from the son's not allowing his wife to keep company with his
+father's mistress. The old lord shewed his resentment in his
+will[656],--leaving his library from his son, and assigning, as his
+reason, that he could not make use of it.'
+
+I mentioned the affectation of Orrery, in ending all his letters on the
+_Life of Swift_ in studied varieties of phrase[657], and never in the
+common mode of _'I am'_, &c., an observation which I remember to have
+been made several years ago by old Mr. Sheridan. This species of
+affectation in writing, as a foreign lady of distinguished talents once
+remarked to me, is almost peculiar to the English. I took up a volume of
+Dryden, containing the CONQUEST of GRANADA, and several other plays, of
+which all the dedications had such studied conclusions. Dr. Johnson
+said, such conclusions were more elegant, and in addressing persons of
+high rank, (as when Dryden dedicated to the Duke of York[658],) they
+were likewise more respectful. I agreed that _there_ it was much better:
+it was making his escape from the Royal presence with a genteel sudden
+timidity, in place of having the resolution to stand still, and make a
+formal bow.
+
+Lord Orrery's unkind treatment of his son in his will, led us to talk of
+the dispositions a man should have when dying. I said, I did not see why
+a man should act differently with respect to those of whom he thought
+ill when in health, merely because he was dying. JOHNSON. 'I should not
+scruple to speak against a party, when dying; but should not do it
+against an individual. It is told of Sixtus Quintus, that on his
+death-bed, in the intervals of his last pangs, he signed
+death-warrants[659].' Mr. M'Queen said, he should not do so; he would
+have more tenderness of heart. JOHNSON. 'I believe I should not either;
+but Mr. M'Queen and I are cowards[660]. It would not be from tenderness
+of heart; for the heart is as tender when a man is in health as when he
+is sick, though his resolution may be stronger[661]. Sixtus Quintus was
+a sovereign as well as a priest; and, if the criminals deserved death,
+he was doing his duty to the last. You would not think a judge died ill,
+who should be carried off by an apoplectick fit while pronouncing
+sentence of death. Consider a class of men whose business it is to
+distribute death:--soldiers, who die scattering bullets. Nobody thinks
+they die ill on that account.'
+
+Talking of Biography, he said, he did not think that the life of any
+literary man in England had been well written[662]. Beside the common
+incidents of life, it should tell us his studies, his mode of living,
+the means by which he attained to excellence, and his opinion of his own
+works. He told us, he had sent Derrick to Dryden's relations, to gather
+materials for his Life[663]; and he believed Derrick[664] had got all
+that he himself should have got; but it was nothing. He added, he had a
+kindness for Derrick, and was sorry he was dead.
+
+His notion as to the poems published by Mr. M'Pherson, as the works of
+Ossian, was not shaken here. Mr. M'Queen always evaded the point of
+authenticity, saying only that Mr. M'Pherson's pieces fell far short of
+those he knew in Erse, which were said to be Ossian's. JOHNSON. 'I hope
+they do. I am not disputing that you may have poetry of great merit; but
+that M'Pherson's is not a translation from ancient poetry. You do not
+believe it. I say before you, you do not believe it, though you are very
+willing that the world should believe it.' Mr. M'Queen made no answer
+to this[665]. Dr. Johnson proceeded. 'I look upon M'Pherson's _Fingal_
+to be as gross an imposition as ever the world was troubled with. Had it
+been really an ancient work, a true specimen how men thought at that
+time, it would have been a curiosity of the first rate. As a modern
+production, it is nothing.' He said, he could never get the meaning of
+an _Erse_ song explained to him[666]. They told him, the chorus was
+generally unmeaning. 'I take it, (said he,) Erse songs are like a song
+which I remember: it was composed in Queen Elizabeth's time, on the Earl
+of Essex: and the burthen was
+
+     "Radaratoo, radarate, radara tadara tandore."'
+
+'But surely,' said Mr. M'Queen, 'there were words to it, which had
+meaning.' JOHNSON. 'Why, yes, Sir; I recollect a stanza, and you shall
+have it:--
+
+     "O! then bespoke the prentices all,
+      Living in London, both proper and tall,
+      For Essex's sake they would fight all.
+        Radaratoo, radarate, radara, tadara, tandore[667]."'
+
+When Mr. M'Queen began again to expatiate on the beauty of Ossian's
+poetry, Dr. Johnson entered into no farther controversy, but, with a
+pleasant smile, only cried, 'Ay, ay; _Radaratoo radarate'_.
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 23.
+
+I took _Fingal_ down to the parlour in the morning, and tried a test
+proposed by Mr. Roderick M'Leod, son to Ulinish. Mr. M'Queen had said he
+had some of the poem in the original. I desired him to mention any
+passage in the printed book, of which he could repeat the original. He
+pointed out one in page 50 of the quarto edition, and read the Erse,
+while Mr. Roderick M'Leod and I looked on the English;--and Mr. M'Leod
+said, that it was pretty like what Mr. M'Queen had recited. But when Mr.
+M'Queen read a description of Cuchullin's sword in Erse, together with a
+translation of it in English verse, by Sir James Foulis, Mr. M'Leod
+said, that was much more like than Mr. M'Pherson's translation of the
+former passage. Mr. M'Queen then repeated in Erse a description of one
+of the horses in Cuchillin's car. Mr. M'Leod said, Mr. M'Pherson's
+English was nothing like it.
+
+When Dr. Johnson came down, I told him that I had now obtained some
+evidence concerning _Fingal_; for that Mr. M'Queen had repeated a
+passage in the original Erse, which Mr. M'Pherson's translation was
+pretty like; and reminded him that he himself had once said, he did not
+require Mr. M'Pherson's _Ossian_ to be more like the original than
+Pope's _Homer_. JOHNSON. 'Well, Sir, this is just what I always
+maintained. He has found names, and stories, and phrases, nay, passages
+in old songs, and with them has blended his own compositions, and so
+made what he gives to the world as the translation of an ancient poem.'
+If this was the case, I observed, it was wrong to publish it as a poem
+in six books. JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; and to ascribe it to a time too when
+the Highlanders knew nothing of _books_, and nothing of _six_;--or
+perhaps were got the length of counting six. We have been told, by
+Condamine, of a nation that could count no more than four[668]. This
+should be told to Monboddo; it would help him. There is as much charity
+in helping a man down-hill, as in helping him up-hill.' BOSWELL. 'I
+don't think there is as much charity.' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir, if his
+_tendency_ be downwards. Till he is at the bottom he flounders; get him
+once there, and he is quiet. Swift tells, that Stella had a trick, which
+she learned from Addison, of encouraging a man in absurdity, instead of
+endeavouring to extricate him[669].'
+
+Mr. M'Queen's answers to the inquiries concerning _Ossian_ were so
+unsatisfactory, that I could not help observing, that, were he examined
+in a court of justice, he would find himself under a necessity of being
+more explicit. JOHNSON. 'Sir, he has told Blair a little too much, which
+is published[670]; and he sticks to it. He is so much at the head of
+things here, that he has never been accustomed to be closely examined;
+and so he goes on quite smoothly.' BOSWELL. 'He has never had any body
+to work[671] him.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; and a man is seldom disposed to
+work himself; though he ought to work himself, to be sure.' Mr. M'Queen
+made no reply[672].
+
+Having talked of the strictness with which witnesses are examined in
+courts of justice, Dr. Johnson told us, that Garrick, though accustomed
+to face multitudes, when produced as a witness in Westminster-hall, was
+so disconcerted by a new mode of public appearance, that he could not
+understand what was asked[673]. It was a cause where an actor claimed a
+_free benefit_; that is to say, a benefit without paying the expence of
+the house; but the meaning of the term was disputed. Garrick was asked,
+'Sir, have you a free benefit?' 'Yes.' 'Upon what terms have you it?'
+'Upon-the terms-of-a free benefit.' He was dismissed as one from whom no
+information could be obtained. Dr. Johnson is often too hard on our
+friend Mr. Garrick. When I asked him why he did not mention him in the
+Preface to his _Shakspeare_[674] he said, 'Garrick has been liberally
+paid for any thing he has done for Shakspeare. If I should praise him, I
+should much more praise the nation who paid him. He has not made
+Shakspeare better known[675]; he cannot illustrate Shakspeare; so I have
+reasons enough against mentioning him, were reasons necessary. There
+should be reasons _for_ it.' I spoke of Mrs. Montague's very high
+praises of Garrick[676]. JOHNSON. 'Sir, it is fit she should say so
+much, and I should say nothing. Reynolds is fond of her book, and I
+wonder at it; for neither I, nor Beauclerk, nor Mrs. Thrale, could get
+through it[677].'  Last night Dr. Johnson gave us an account of the
+whole process of tanning and of the nature of milk, and the various
+operations upon it, as making whey, &c. His variety of information is
+surprizing[678]; and it gives one much satisfaction to find such a man
+bestowing his attention on the useful arts of life. Ulinish was much
+struck with his knowledge; and said, 'He is a great orator, Sir; it is
+musick to hear this man speak.' A strange thought struck me, to try if
+he knew any thing of an art, or whatever it should be called, which is
+no doubt very useful in life, but which lies far out of the way of a
+philosopher and a poet; I mean the trade of a butcher. I enticed him
+into the subject, by connecting it with the various researches into the
+manners and customs of uncivilized nations, that have been made by our
+late navigators into the South Seas. I began with observing, that Mr.
+(now Sir Joseph) Banks tells us, that the art of slaughtering animals
+was not known in Otaheité, for, instead of bleeding to death their
+dogs, (a common food with them,) they strangle them. This he told me
+himself; and I supposed that their hogs were killed in the same way. Dr.
+Johnson said, 'This must be owing to their not having knives,--though
+they have sharp stones with which they can cut a carcase in pieces
+tolerably.' By degrees, he shewed that he knew something even of
+butchery. 'Different animals (said he) are killed differently. An ox is
+knocked down, and a calf stunned; but a sheep has its throat cut,
+without any thing being done to stupify it. The butchers have no view to
+the ease of the animals, but only to make them quiet, for their own
+safety and convenience. A sheep can give them little trouble. Hales[679]
+is of opinion, that every animal should be blooded, without having any
+blow given to it, because it bleeds better.' BOSWELL. 'That would be
+cruel.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; there is not much pain, if the jugular vein
+be properly cut.' Pursuing the subject, he said, the kennels of
+Southwark ran with blood two or three days in the week; that he was
+afraid there were slaughter-houses in more streets in London than one
+supposes; (speaking with a kind of horrour of butchering;) and, yet he
+added, 'any of us would kill a cow rather than not have beef.' I said we
+_could_ not. 'Yes, (said he,) any one may. The business of a butcher is
+a trade indeed, that is to say, there is an apprenticeship served to it;
+but it may be learnt in a month[680].'
+
+I mentioned a club in London at the Boar's Head in Eastcheap, the very
+tavern[681] where Falstaff and his joyous companions met; the members of
+which all assume Shakspeare's characters. One is Falstaff, another
+Prince Henry, another Bardolph, and so on. JOHNSON. 'Don't be of it,
+Sir. Now that you have a name, you must be careful to avoid many things,
+not bad in themselves, but which will lessen your character[682]. This
+every man who has a name must observe. A man who is not publickly known
+may live in London as he pleases, without any notice being taken of him;
+but it is wonderful how a person of any consequence is watched. There
+was a member of parliament, who wanted to prepare himself to speak on a
+question that was to come on in the House; and he and I were to talk it
+over together. He did not wish it should be known that he talked with
+me; so he would not let me come to his house, but came to mine. Some
+time after he had made his speech in the house, Mrs. Cholmondeley[683],
+a very airy[684] lady, told me, 'Well, you could make nothing of him!'
+naming the gentleman; which was a proof that he was watched. I had once
+some business to do for government, and I went to Lord North's.
+Precaution was taken that it should not be known. It was dark before I
+went; yet a few days after I was told, 'Well, you have been with Lord
+North.' That the door of the prime minister should be watched is not
+strange; but that a member of parliament should be watched, or that my
+door should be watched, is wonderful.'
+
+We set out this morning on our way to Talisker, in Ulinish's boat,
+having taken leave of him and his family. Mr. Donald M'Queen still
+favoured us with his company, for which we were much obliged to him. As
+we sailed along Dr. Johnson got into one of his fits of railing at the
+Scots. He owned that they had been a very learned nation for a hundred
+years, from about 1550 to about 1650; but that they afforded the only
+instance of a people among whom the arts of civil life did not advance
+in proportion with learning; that they had hardly any trade, any money,
+or any elegance, before the Union; that it was strange that, with all
+the advantages possessed by other nations, they had not any of those
+conveniencies and embellishments which are the fruit of industry, till
+they came in contact with a civilized people. 'We have taught you, (said
+he,) and we'll do the same in time to all barbarous nations,--to the
+Cherokees,--and at last to the Ouran-Outangs;' laughing with as much
+glee as if Monboddo had been present. BOSWELL. 'We had wine before the
+Union.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; you had some weak stuff, the refuse of
+France, which would not make you drunk.' BOSWELL. 'I assure you, Sir,
+there was a great deal of drunkenness.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; there were
+people who died of dropsies, which they contracted in trying to get
+drunk[685].'
+
+I must here glean some of his conversation at Ulinish, which I have
+omitted. He repeated his remark, that a man in a ship was worse than a
+man in a jail[686]. 'The man in a jail, (said he,) has more room, better
+food, and commonly better company, and is in safety.' 'Ay; but, (said
+Mr. M'Queen,) the man in the ship has the pleasing hope of getting to
+shore.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, I am not talking of a man's getting to shore; but
+of a man while he is in a ship: and then, I say, he is worse than a man
+while he is in a jail. A man in a jail _may_ have the _"pleasing hope"_
+of getting out. A man confined for only a limited time, actually _has_
+it.' M'Leod mentioned his schemes for carrying on fisheries with spirit,
+and that he would wish to understand the construction of boats. I
+suggested that he might go to a dock-yard and work, as Peter the Great
+did. JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir, he need not work. Peter the Great had not the
+sense to see that the mere mechanical work may be done by any body, and
+that there is the same art in constructing a vessel, whether the boards
+are well or ill wrought. Sir Christopher Wren might as well have served
+his time to a bricklayer, and first, indeed, to a brick-maker.'
+
+There is a beautiful little island in the Loch of Dunvegan, called
+_Isa_. M'Leod said, he would give it to Dr. Johnson, on condition of his
+residing on it three months in the year; nay one month. Dr. Johnson was
+highly amused with the fancy. I have seen him please himself with little
+things, even with mere ideas like the present. He talked a great deal of
+this island;--how he would build a house there,--how he would fortify
+it,--how he would have cannon,--how he would plant,--how he would sally
+out, and _take_ the isle of Muck;--and then he laughed with uncommon
+glee, and could hardly leave off. I have seen him do so at a small
+matter that struck him, and was a sport to no one else[687]. Mr. Langton
+told me, that one night he did so while the company were all grave about
+him:--only Garrick, in his significant smart manner, darting his eyes
+around, exclaimed, '_Very_ jocose, to be sure!' M'Leod encouraged the
+fancy of Doctor Johnson's becoming owner of an island; told him, that it
+was the practice in this country to name every man by his lands; and
+begged leave to drink to him in that mode: '_Island Isa_, your health!'
+Ulinish, Talisker, Mr. M'Queen, and I, all joined in our different
+manners, while Dr. Johnson bowed to each, with much good humour.
+
+We had good weather, and a fine sail this day. The shore was varied with
+hills, and rocks, and corn-fields, and bushes, which are here dignified
+with the name of natural _wood_. We landed near the house of Ferneley, a
+farm possessed by another gentleman of the name of M'Leod, who,
+expecting our arrival, was waiting on the shore, with a horse for Dr.
+Johnson. The rest of us walked. At dinner, I expressed to M'Leod the joy
+which I had in seeing him on such cordial terms with his clan.
+'Government (said he) has deprived us of our ancient power; but it
+cannot deprive us of our domestick satisfactions. I would rather drink
+punch in one of their houses, (meaning the houses of his people,) than
+be enabled by their hardships to have claret in my own.[688]' This
+should be the sentiment of every Chieftain. All that he can get by
+raising his rents, is more luxury in his own house. Is it not better to
+share the profits of his estate, to a certain degree, with his kinsmen,
+and thus have both social intercourse and patriarchal influence?
+
+We had a very good ride, for about three miles, to Talisker, where
+Colonel M'Leod introduced us to his lady. We found here Mr. Donald
+M'Lean, the young Laird of _Col_, (nephew to Talisker,) to whom I
+delivered the letter with which I had been favoured by his uncle,
+Professor M'Leod, at Aberdeen[689]. He was a little lively young man. We
+found he had been a good deal in England, studying farming, and was
+resolved to improve the value of his father's lands, without oppressing
+his tenants, or losing the ancient Highland fashions.
+
+Talisker is a better place than one commonly finds in Sky. It is
+situated in a rich bottom. Before it is a wide expanse of sea, on each
+hand of which are immense rocks; and, at some distance in the sea, there
+are three columnal rocks rising to sharp points. The billows break with
+prodigious force and noise on the coast of Talisker[690]. There are here
+a good many well-grown trees. Talisker is an extensive farm. The
+possessor of it has, for several generations, been the next heir to
+M'Leod, as there has been but one son always in that family. The court
+before the house is most injudiciously paved with the round blueish-grey
+pebbles which are found upon the sea-shore; so that you walk as if upon
+cannon-balls driven into the ground.
+
+After supper, I talked of the assiduity of the Scottish clergy, in
+visiting and privately instructing their parishioners, and observed how
+much in this they excelled the English clergy. Dr. Johnson would not let
+this pass. He tried to turn it off, by saying, 'There are different ways
+of instructing. Our clergy pray and preach.' M'Leod and I pressed the
+subject, upon which he grew warm, and broke forth: 'I do not believe
+your people are better instructed. If they are, it is the blind leading
+the blind; for your clergy are not instructed themselves.' Thinking he
+had gone a little too far, he checked himself, and added, 'When I talk
+of the ignorance of your clergy, I talk of them as a body: I do not mean
+that there are not individuals who are learned (looking at Mr.
+M'Queen[691]). I suppose there are such among the clergy in Muscovy. The
+clergy of England have produced the most valuable books in support of
+religion, both in theory and practice. What have your clergy done, since
+you sunk into presbyterianism? Can you name one book of any value, on a
+religious subject, written by them[692]?' We were silent. 'I'll help
+you. Forbes wrote very well; but I believe he wrote before episcopacy
+was quite extinguished.' And then pausing a little, he said, 'Yes, you
+have Wishart AGAINST Repentance[693].' BOSWELL. 'But, Sir, we are not
+contending for the superior learning of our clergy, but for their
+superior assiduity.' He bore us down again, with thundering against
+their ignorance, and said to me, 'I see you have not been well taught;
+for you have not charity.' He had been in some measure forced into this
+warmth, by the exulting air which I assumed; for, when he began, he
+said, 'Since you _will_ drive the nail!' He again thought of good Mr.
+M'Queen, and, taking him by the hand, said, 'Sir, I did not mean any
+disrespect to you[694].'
+
+Here I must observe, that he conquered by deserting his ground, and not
+meeting the argument as I had put it. The assiduity of the Scottish
+clergy is certainly greater than that of the English. His taking up the
+topick of their not having so much learning, was, though ingenious, yet
+a fallacy in logick. It was as if there should be a dispute whether a
+man's hair is well dressed, and Dr. Johnson should say, 'Sir, his hair
+cannot be well dressed; for he has a dirty shirt. No man who has not
+clean linen has his hair well dressed.' When some days afterwards he
+read this passage, he said, 'No, Sir; I did not say that a man's hair
+could not be well dressed because he has not clean linen, but because
+he is bald.'
+
+He used one argument against the Scottish clergy being learned, which I
+doubt was not good. 'As we believe a man dead till we know that he is
+alive; so we believe men ignorant till we know that they are learned.'
+Now our maxim in law is, to presume a man alive, till we know he is
+dead. However, indeed, it may be answered, that we must first know he
+has lived; and that we have never known the learning of the Scottish
+clergy. Mr. M'Queen, though he was of opinion that Dr. Johnson had
+deserted the point really in dispute, was much pleased with what he
+said, and owned to me, he thought it very just; and Mrs. M'Leod was so
+much captivated by his eloquence, that she told me 'I was a good
+advocate for a bad cause.'
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 24.
+
+This was a good day. Dr. Johnson told us, at breakfast, that he rode
+harder at a fox chace than any body[695]. 'The English (said he) are the
+only nation who ride hard a-hunting. A Frenchman goes out, upon a
+managed[696] horse, and capers in the field, and no more thinks of
+leaping a hedge than of mounting a breach. Lord Powerscourt laid a
+wager, in France, that he would ride a great many miles in a certain
+short time. The French academicians set to work, and calculated that,
+from the resistance of the air, it was impossible. His lordship however
+performed it.'
+
+Our money being nearly exhausted, we sent a bill for thirty pounds,
+drawn on Sir William Forbes and Co.[697], to Lochbraccadale, but our
+messenger found it very difficult to procure cash for it; at length,
+however, he got us value from the master of a vessel which was to carry
+away some emigrants. There is a great scarcity of specie in Sky[698].
+Mr. M'Queen said he had the utmost difficulty to pay his servants'
+wages, or to pay for any little thing which he has to buy. The rents are
+paid in bills[699], which the drovers give. The people consume a vast
+deal of snuff and tobacco, for which they must pay ready money; and
+pedlars, who come about selling goods, as there is not a shop in the
+island, carry away the cash. If there were encouragement given to
+fisheries and manufactures, there might be a circulation of money
+introduced. I got one-and-twenty shillings in silver at Portree, which
+was thought a wonderful store.
+
+Talisker, Mr. M'Queen, and I, walked out, and looked at no less than
+fifteen different waterfalls near the house, in the space of about a
+quarter of a mile[700]. We also saw Cuchillin's well, said to have been
+the favourite spring of that ancient hero. I drank of it. The water is
+admirable. On the shore are many stones full of crystallizations in
+the heart.
+
+Though our obliging friend, Mr. M'Lean, was but the young laird, he had
+the title of _Col_ constantly given him. After dinner he and I walked to
+the top of Prieshwell, a very high rocky hill, from whence there is a
+view of Barra,--the Long Island,--Bernera,--the Loch of Dunvegan,--part
+of Rum--part of Rasay, and a vast deal of the isle of Sky. Col, though
+he had come into Sky with an intention to be at Dunvegan, and pass a
+considerable time in the island, most politely resolved first to
+conduct us to Mull, and then to return to Sky. This was a very fortunate
+circumstance; for he planned an expedition for us of more variety than
+merely going to Mull. He proposed we should see the islands of _Egg,
+Muck, Col,_ and _Tyr-yi_. In all these islands he could shew us every
+thing worth seeing; and in Mull he said he should be as if at home, his
+father having lands there, and he a farm.
+
+Dr. Johnson did not talk much to-day, but seemed intent in listening to
+the schemes of future excursion, planned by Col. Dr. Birch[701],
+however, being mentioned, he said, he had more anecdotes than any man. I
+said, Percy had a great many; that he flowed with them like one of the
+brooks here. JOHNSON. 'If Percy is like one of the brooks here, Birch
+was like the river Thames. Birch excelled Percy in that, as much as
+Percy excels Goldsmith.' I mentioned Lord Hailes as a man of anecdote.
+He was not pleased with him, for publishing only such memorials and
+letters as were unfavourable for the Stuart family[702]. 'If, (said he,)
+a man fairly warns you, "I am to give all the ill; do you find the
+good;" he may: but if the object which he professes be to give a view of
+a reign, let him tell all the truth. I would tell truth of the two
+Georges, or of that scoundrel, King William[703]. Granger's
+_Biographical History_[704] is full of curious anecdote, but might have
+been better done. The dog is a Whig. I do not like much to see a Whig in
+any dress; but I hate to see a Whig in a parson's gown[705].'
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 25.
+
+It was resolved that we should set out, in order to return to Slate, to
+be in readiness to take boat whenever there should be a fair wind. Dr.
+Johnson remained in his chamber writing a letter, and it was long before
+we could get him into motion. He did not come to breakfast, but had it
+sent to him. When he had finished his letter, it was twelve o'clock, and
+we should have set out at ten. When I went up to him, he said to me, 'Do
+you remember a song which begins,
+
+     "Every island is a prison[706]
+      Strongly guarded by the sea;
+      Kings and princes, for that reason,
+      Prisoners are, as well as we?"'
+
+I suppose he had been thinking of our confined situation[707]. He would
+fain have gone in a boat from hence, instead of riding back to Slate. A
+scheme for it was proposed. He said, 'We'll not be driven tamely from
+it:'-but it proved impracticable.
+
+We took leave of M'Leod and Talisker, from whom we parted with regret.
+Talisker, having been bred to physick, had a tincture of scholarship in
+his conversation, which pleased Dr. Johnson, and he had some very good
+books; and being a colonel in the Dutch service, he and his lady, in
+consequence of having lived abroad, had introduced the ease and
+politeness of the continent into this rude region.
+
+Young Col was now our leader. Mr. M'Queen was to accompany us half a day
+more. We stopped at a little hut, where we saw an old woman grinding
+with the _quern_, the ancient Highland instrument, which it is said was
+used by the Romans, but which, being very slow in its operation, is
+almost entirely gone into disuse.
+
+The walls of the cottages in Sky, instead of being one compacted mass
+of stones, are often formed by two exterior surfaces of stone, filled up
+with earth in the middle, which makes them very warm. The roof is
+generally bad. They are thatched, sometimes with straw, sometimes with
+heath, sometimes with fern. The thatch is secured by ropes of straw, or
+of heath; and, to fix the ropes, there is a stone tied to the end of
+each. These stones hang round the bottom of the roof, and make it look
+like a lady's hair in papers; but I should think that, when there is
+wind, they would come down, and knock people on the head.
+
+We dined at the inn at Sconser, where I had the pleasure to find a
+letter from my wife. Here we parted from our learned companion, Mr.
+Donald M'Queen. Dr. Johnson took leave of him very affectionately,
+saying, 'Dear Sir, do not forget me!' We settled, that he should write
+an account of the Isle of Sky, which Dr. Johnson promised to revise. He
+said, Mr. M'Queen should tell all that he could; distinguishing what he
+himself knew, what was traditional, and what conjectural.
+
+We sent our horses round a point of land, that we might shun some very
+bad road; and resolved to go forward by sea. It was seven o'clock when
+we got into our boat. We had many showers, and it soon grew pretty dark.
+Dr. Johnson sat silent and patient. Once he said, as he looked on the
+black coast of Sky,-black, as being composed of rocks seen in the
+dusk,--'This is very solemn.' Our boatmen were rude singers, and seemed
+so like wild Indians, that a very little imagination was necessary to
+give one an impression of being upon an American river. We landed at
+_Strolimus_, from whence we got a guide to walk before us, for two
+miles, to _Corrichatachin_. Not being able to procure a horse for our
+baggage, I took one portmanteau before me, and Joseph another. We had
+but a single star to light us on our way. It was about eleven when we
+arrived. We were most hospitably received by the master and mistress,
+who were just going to bed, but, with unaffected ready kindness, made a
+good fire, and at twelve o'clock at night had supper on the table.
+
+James Macdonald, of _Knockow_, Kingsburgh's brother, whom we had seen at
+Kingsburgh, was there. He shewed me a bond granted by the late Sir James
+Macdonald, to old Kingsburgh, the preamble of which does so much honour
+to the feelings of that much-lamented gentleman, that I thought it worth
+transcribing. It was as follows:--
+
+'I, Sir James Macdonald, of Macdonald, Baronet, now, after arriving at
+my perfect age, from the friendship I bear to Alexander Macdonald of
+Kingsburgh, and in return for the long and faithful services done and
+performed by him to my deceased father, and to myself during my
+minority, when he was one of my Tutors and Curators; being resolved, now
+that the said Alexander Macdonald is advanced in years, to contribute my
+endeavours for making his old age placid and comfortable,'--
+
+therefore he grants him an annuity of fifty pounds sterling.
+
+Dr. Johnson went to bed soon. When one bowl of punch was finished, I
+rose, and was near the door, in my way up stairs to bed; but
+Corrichatachin said, it was the first time Col had been in his house,
+and he should have his bowl;-and would not I join in drinking it? The
+heartiness of my honest landlord, and the desire of doing social honour
+to our very obliging conductor, induced me to sit down again. Col's bowl
+was finished; and by that time we were well warmed. A third bowl was
+soon made, and that too was finished. We were cordial, and merry to a
+high degree; but of what passed I have no recollection, with any
+accuracy. I remember calling _Corrichatachin_ by the familiar
+appellation of _Corri_, which his friends do. A fourth bowl was made, by
+which time Col, and young M'Kinnon, Corrichatachin's son, slipped away
+to bed. I continued a little with Corri and Knockow; but at last I left
+them. It was near five in the morning when I got to bed.
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 26
+
+I awaked at noon, with a severe head-ach. I was much vexed that I should
+have been guilty of such a riot, and afraid of a reproof from Dr.
+Johnson. I thought it very inconsistent with that conduct which I ought
+to maintain, while the companion of the Rambler. About one he came into
+my room, and accosted me, 'What, drunk yet?' His tone of voice was not
+that of severe upbraiding; so I was relieved a little. 'Sir, (said I,)
+they kept me up.' He answered, 'No, you kept them up, you drunken
+dog:'-This he said with good-humoured _English_ pleasantry. Soon
+afterwards, Corrichatachin, Col, and other friends assembled round my
+bed. Corri had a brandy-bottle and glass with him, and insisted I should
+take a dram. 'Ay, said Dr. Johnson, fill him drunk again. Do it in the
+morning, that we may laugh at him all day. It is a poor thing for a
+fellow to get drunk at night, and sculk to bed, and let his friends have
+no sport.' Finding him thus jocular, I became quite easy; and when I
+offered to get up, he very good naturedly said, 'You need be in no such
+hurry now[708].' I took my host's advice, and drank some brandy, which I
+found an effectual cure for my head-ach. When I rose, I went into Dr.
+Johnson's room, and taking up Mrs. M'Kinnon's Prayer-book, I opened it
+at the twentieth Sunday after Trinity, in the epistle for which I read,
+'And be not drunk with wine, wherein there is excess[709].' Some would
+have taken this as a divine interposition.
+
+Mrs. M'Kinnon told us at dinner, that old Kingsburgh, her father, was
+examined at Mugstot, by General Campbell, as to the particulars of the
+dress of the person who had come to his house in woman's clothes along
+with Miss Flora M'Donald; as the General had received intelligence of
+that disguise. The particulars were taken down in writing, that it might
+be seen how far they agreed with the dress of the _Irish girl_ who went
+with Miss Flora from the Long Island. Kingsburgh, she said, had but one
+song, which he always sung when he was merry over a glass. She dictated
+the words to me, which are foolish enough:--
+
+     'Green sleeves[710] and pudding pies,
+      Tell me where my mistress lies,
+      And I'll be with her before she rise,
+      Fiddle and aw' together.
+
+      May our affairs abroad succeed,
+      And may our king come home with speed,
+      And all pretenders shake for dread,
+      And let _his_ health go round.
+
+      To all our injured friends in need,
+      This side and beyond the Tweed!--
+      Let all pretenders shake for dread,
+      And let _his_ health go round.
+         Green sleeves,' &c.
+
+While the examination was going on, the present Talisker, who was there
+as one of M'Leod's militia, could not resist the pleasantry of asking
+Kingsburgh, in allusion to his only song, 'Had she _green sleeves_?'
+Kingsburgh gave him no answer. Lady Margaret M'Donald was very angry at
+Talisker for joking on such a serious occasion, as Kingsburgh was really
+in danger of his life. Mrs. M'Kinnon added that Lady Margaret was quite
+adored in Sky. That when she travelled through the island, the people
+ran in crowds before her, and took the stones off the road, lest her
+horse should stumble and she be hurt[711]. Her husband, Sir Alexander,
+is also remembered with great regard. We were told that every week a
+hogshead of claret was drunk at his table.
+
+This was another day of wind and rain; but good cheer and good society
+helped to beguile the time. I felt myself comfortable enough in the
+afternoon. I then thought that my last night's riot was no more than
+such a social excess as may happen without much moral blame; and
+recollected that some physicians maintained, that a fever produced by it
+was, upon the whole, good for health: so different are our reflections
+on the same subject, at different periods; and such the excuses with
+which we palliate what we know to be wrong.
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 27.
+
+Mr. Donald M'Leod, our original guide, who had parted from us at
+Dunvegan, joined us again to-day. The weather was still so bad that we
+could not travel. I found a closet here, with a good many books, beside
+those that were lying about. Dr. Johnson told me, he found a library in
+his room at Talisker; and observed, that it was one of the remarkable
+things of Sky, that there were so many books in it.
+
+Though we had here great abundance of provisions, it is remarkable that
+Corrichatachin has literally no garden: not even a turnip, a carrot, or
+a cabbage. After dinner, we talked of the crooked spade used in Sky,
+already described, and they maintained that it was better than the usual
+garden-spade, and that there was an art in tossing it, by which those
+who were accustomed to it could work very easily with it. 'Nay, (said
+Dr. Johnson,) it may be useful in land where there are many stones to
+raise; but it certainly is not a good instrument for digging good land.
+A man may toss it, to be sure; but he will toss a light spade much
+better: its weight makes it an incumbrance. A man _may_ dig any land
+with it; but he has no occasion for such a weight in digging good land.
+You may take a field piece to shoot sparrows; but all the sparrows you
+can bring home will not be worth the charge.' He was quite social and
+easy amongst them; and, though he drank no fermented liquor, toasted
+Highland beauties with great readiness. His conviviality engaged them so
+much, that they seemed eager to shew their attention to him, and vied
+with each other in crying out, with a strong Celtick pronunciation,
+'Toctor Shonson, Toctor Shonson, your health!'
+
+This evening one of our married ladies, a lively pretty little woman,
+good-humouredly sat down upon Dr. Johnson's knee, and, being encouraged
+by some of the company, put her hands round his neck, and kissed him.
+'Do it again, (said he,) and let us see who will tire first.' He kept
+her on his knee some time, while he and she drank tea. He was now like a
+_buck_[712] indeed. All the company were much entertained to find him so
+easy and pleasant. To me it was highly comick, to see the grave
+philosopher,--the Rambler,-toying with a Highland beauty[713]!--But what
+could he do? He must have been surly, and weak too, had he not behaved
+as he did. He would have been laughed at, and not more respected, though
+less loved.
+
+He read to-night, to himself, as he sat in company, a great deal of my
+Journal, and said to me, 'The more I read of this, I think the more
+highly of you.' The gentlemen sat a long time at their punch, after he
+and I had retired to our chambers. The manner in which they were
+attended struck me as singular:--The bell being broken, a smart lad lay
+on a table in the corner of the room, ready to spring up and bring the
+kettle, whenever it was wanted. They continued drinking, and singing
+Erse songs, till near five in the morning, when they all came into my
+room, where some of them had beds. Unluckily for me, they found a bottle
+of punch in a corner, which they drank; and Corrichatachin went for
+another, which they also drank. They made many apologies for disturbing
+me. I told them, that, having been kept awake by their mirth, I had once
+thoughts of getting up, and joining them again. Honest Corrichatachin
+said, 'To have had you done so, I would have given a cow.'
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 28.
+
+The weather was worse than yesterday. I felt as if imprisoned. Dr.
+Johnson said, it was irksome to be detained thus: yet he seemed to have
+less uneasiness, or more patience, than I had. What made our situation
+worse here was, that we had no rooms that we could command; for the good
+people had no notion that a man could have any occasion but for a mere
+sleeping-place; so, during the day, the bed chambers were common to all
+the house. Servants eat in Dr. Johnson's; and mine was a kind of general
+rendezvous of all under the roof, children and dogs not excepted. As the
+gentlemen occupied the parlour, the ladies had no place to sit in,
+during the day, but Dr. Johnson's room. I had always some quiet time for
+writing in it, before he was up; and, by degrees, I accustomed the
+ladies to let me sit in it after breakfast, at my _Journal_, without
+minding me.
+
+Dr. Johnson was this morning for going to see as many islands as we
+could; not recollecting the uncertainty of the season, which might
+detain us in one place for many weeks. He said to me, 'I have more the
+spirit of adventure than you.' For my part, I was anxious to get to
+Mull, from whence we might almost any day reach the main land.
+
+Dr. Johnson mentioned, that the few ancient Irish gentlemen yet
+remaining have the highest pride of family; that Mr. Sandford, a friend
+of his, whose mother was Irish, told him, that O'Hara (who was true
+Irish, both by father and mother) and he, and Mr. Ponsonby, son to the
+Earl of Besborough, the greatest man of the three, but of an English
+family, went to see one of those ancient Irish, and that he
+distinguished them thus: 'O'Hara, you are welcome! Mr. Sandford, your
+mother's son is welcome! Mr. Ponsonby, you may sit down.'
+
+He talked both of threshing and thatching. He said, it was very
+difficult to determine how to agree with a thresher. 'If you pay him by
+the day's wages, he will thresh no more than he pleases; though to be
+sure, the negligence of a thresher is more easily detected than that of
+most labourers, because he must always make a sound while he works. If
+you pay him by the piece, by the quantity of grain which he produces, he
+will thresh only while the grain comes freely, and, though he leaves a
+good deal in the ear, it is not worth while to thresh the straw over
+again; nor can you fix him to do it sufficiently, because it is so
+difficult to prove how much less a man threshes than he ought to do.
+Here then is a dilemma: but, for my part, I would engage him by the day:
+I would rather trust his idleness than his fraud.' He said, a roof
+thatched with Lincolnshire reeds would last seventy years, as he was
+informed when in that county; and that he told this in London to a great
+thatcher, who said, he believed it might be true. Such are the pains
+that Dr. Johnson takes to get the best information on every
+subject[714].
+
+He proceeded:--'It is difficult for a farmer in England to find
+day-labourers, because the lowest manufacturers can always get more than
+a day-labourer. It is of no consequence how high the wages of
+manufacturers are; but it would be of very bad consequence to raise the
+wages of those who procure the immediate necessaries of life, for that
+would raise the price of provisions. Here then is a problem for
+politicians. It is not reasonable that the most useful body of men
+should be the worst paid; yet it does not appear how it can be ordered
+otherwise. It were to be wished, that a mode for its being otherwise
+were found out. In the mean time, it is better to give temporary
+assistance by charitable contributions to poor labourers, at times when
+provisions are high, than to raise their wages; because, if wages are
+once raised, they will never get down again[715].'
+
+Happily the weather cleared up between one and two o'clock, and we got
+ready to depart; but our kind host and hostess would not let us go
+without taking a _snatch_, as they called it; which was in truth a very
+good dinner. While the punch went round, Dr. Johnson kept a close
+whispering conference with Mrs. M'Kinnon, which, however, was loud
+enough to let us hear that the subject of it was the particulars of
+Prince Charles's escape. The company were entertained and pleased to
+observe it. Upon that subject, there was something congenial between the
+soul of Dr. Samuel Johnson, and that of an isle of Sky farmer's wife. It
+is curious to see people, how far so ever removed from each other in the
+general system of their lives, come close together on a particular point
+which is common to each. We were merry with Corrichatachin, on Dr.
+Johnson's whispering with his wife. She, perceiving this, humourously
+cried, 'I am in love with him. What is it to live and not to love?' Upon
+her saying something, which I did not hear, or cannot recollect, he
+seized her hand eagerly, and kissed it.
+
+As we were going, the Scottish phrase of '_honest man_!' which is an
+expression of kindness and regard, was again and again applied by the
+company to Dr. Johnson. I was also treated with much civility; and I
+must take some merit from my assiduous attention to him, and from my
+contriving that he shall be easy wherever he goes, that he shall not be
+asked twice to eat or drink any thing (which always disgusts him), that
+he shall be provided with water at his meals, and many such little
+things, which, if not attended to, would fret him. I also may be allowed
+to claim some merit in leading the conversation: I do not mean leading,
+as in an orchestra, by playing the first fiddle; but leading as one does
+in examining a witness--starting topics, and making him pursue them. He
+appears to me like a great mill, into which a subject is thrown to be
+ground. It requires, indeed, fertile minds to furnish materials for this
+mill. I regret whenever I see it unemployed; but sometimes I feel myself
+quite barren, and have nothing to throw in. I know not if this mill be a
+good figure; though Pope makes his mind a mill for turning verses[716].
+
+We set out about four. Young Corrichatachin went with us. We had a fine
+evening, and arrived in good time at _Ostig_, the residence of Mr.
+Martin M'Pherson, minister of Slate. It is a pretty good house, built by
+his father, upon a farm near the church. We were received here with much
+kindness by Mr. and Mrs. M'Pherson, and his sister, Miss M'Pherson, who
+pleased Dr. Johnson much, by singing Erse songs, and playing on the
+guittar. He afterwards sent her a present of his _Rasselas_. In his
+bed-chamber was a press stored with books, Greek, Latin, French, and
+English, most of which had belonged to the father of our host, the
+learned Dr. M'Pherson; who, though his _Dissertations_ have been
+mentioned in a former page[717] as unsatisfactory, was a man of
+distinguished talents. Dr. Johnson looked at a Latin paraphrase of the
+song of Moses, written by him, and published in the _Scots Magazine_ for
+1747, and said, 'It does him honour; he has a good deal of Latin, and
+good Latin.' Dr. M'Pherson published also in the same magazine, June
+1739, an original Latin ode, which he wrote from the isle of Barra,
+where he was minister for some years. It is very poetical, and exhibits
+a striking proof how much all things depend upon comparison: for Barra,
+it seems, appeared to him so much worse than Sky, his _natale
+solum_[718], that he languished for its 'blessed mountains,' and thought
+himself buried alive amongst barbarians where he was. My readers will
+probably not be displeased to have a specimen of this ode:--
+
+     'Hei mihi! quantos patior dolores,
+      Dum procul specto juga ter beata;
+      Dum ferae Barrae steriles arenas
+           Solus oberro.
+     'Ingemo, indignor, crucior, quod inter
+      Barbaros Thulen lateam colentes;
+      Torpeo languens, morior sepultus,
+           Carcere coeco.'
+
+After wishing for wings to fly over to his dear country, which was in
+his view, from what he calls _Thule_, as being the most western isle of
+Scotland, except St. Kilda; after describing the pleasures of society,
+and the miseries of solitude, he at last, with becoming propriety, has
+recourse to the only sure relief of thinking men,--_Sursum
+corda_[719]--the hope of a better world, disposes his mind to
+resignation:--
+
+     'Interim fiat, tua, rex, voluntas:
+      Erigor sursum quoties subit spes
+      Certa migrandi Solymam supernam,
+           Numinis aulam.'
+
+He concludes in a noble strain of orthodox piety:--
+
+     'Vita tum demum vocitanda vita est.
+      Tum licet gratos socios habere,
+      Seraphim et sanctos TRIADEM verendam
+           Concelebrantes.'
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 29[720].
+
+After a very good sleep, I rose more refreshed than I had been for some
+nights. We were now at but a little distance from the shore, and saw the
+sea from our windows, which made our voyage seem nearer. Mr. M'Pherson's
+manners and address pleased us much. He appeared to be a man of such
+intelligence and taste as to be sensible of the extraordinary powers of
+his illustrious guest. He said to me, 'Dr. Johnson is an honour to
+mankind; and, if the expression may be used, is an honour to religion.'
+
+Col, who had gone yesterday to pay a visit at Camuscross, joined us this
+morning at breakfast. Some other gentlemen also came to enjoy the
+entertainment of Dr. Johnson's conversation. The day was windy and
+rainy, so that we had just seized a happy interval for our journey last
+night. We had good entertainment here, better accommodation than at
+Corrichatachin, and time enough to ourselves. The hours slipped along
+imperceptibly. We talked of Shenstone. Dr. Johnson said he was a good
+layer-out of land[721], but would not allow him to approach excellence
+as a poet. He said, he believed he had tried to read all his _Love
+Pastorals_, but did not get through them. I repeated the stanza,
+
+     'She gazed as I slowly withdrew;
+        My path I could hardly discern;
+      So sweetly she bade me adieu,
+        I thought that she bade me return[722].'
+
+He said, 'That seems to be pretty.' I observed that Shenstone, from his
+short maxims in prose, appeared to have some power of thinking; but Dr.
+Johnson would not allow him that merit[723]. He agreed, however, with
+Shenstone, that it was wrong in the brother of one of his correspondents
+to burn his letters[724]: 'for, (said he,) Shenstone was a man whose
+correspondence was an honour.' He was this afternoon full of critical
+severity, and dealt about his censures on all sides. He said, Hammond's
+_Love Elegies_ were poor things[725]. He spoke contemptuously of our
+lively and elegant, though too licentious, Lyrick bard, Hanbury
+Williams, and said, 'he had no fame, but from boys who drank with
+him[726].'
+
+While he was in this mood, I was unfortunate enough, simply perhaps, but
+I could not help thinking, undeservedly, to come within 'the whiff and
+wind of his fell sword[727].' I asked him, if he had ever been
+accustomed to wear a night-cap. He said 'No.' I asked, if it was best
+not to wear one. JOHNSON. 'Sir, I had this custom by chance, and perhaps
+no man shall ever know whether it is best to sleep with or without a
+night-cap.' Soon afterwards he was laughing at some deficiency in the
+Highlands, and said, 'One might as well go without shoes and stockings.'
+Thinking to have a little hit at his own deficiency, I ventured to
+add,------' or without a night-cap, Sir.' But I had better have been
+silent; for he retorted directly. 'I do not see the connection there
+(laughing). Nobody before was ever foolish enough to ask whether it was
+best to wear a night-cap or not. This comes of being a little
+wrong-headed.' He carried the company along with him: and yet the truth
+is, that if he had always worn a night-cap, as is the common practice,
+and found the Highlanders did not wear one, he would have wondered at
+their barbarity; so that my hit was fair enough.
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 30.
+
+There was as great a storm of wind and rain as I have almost ever seen,
+which necessarily confined us to the house; but we were fully
+compensated by Dr. Johnson's conversation. He said, he did not grudge
+Burke's being the first man in the House of Commons, for he was the
+first man every where; but he grudged that a fellow who makes no figure
+in company, and has a mind as narrow as the neck of a vinegar cruet,
+should make a figure in the House of Commons, merely by having the
+knowledge of a few forms, and being furnished with a little occasional
+information[728]. He told us, the first time he saw Dr. Young was at the
+house of Mr. Richardson, the author of _Clarissa_. He was sent for, that
+the doctor might read to him his _Conjectures on original
+Composition_[729], which he did, and Dr. Johnson made his remarks; and
+he was surprized to find Young receive as novelties, what he thought
+very common maxims. He said, he believed Young was not a great scholar,
+nor had studied regularly the art of writing[730]; that there were very
+fine things in his _Night Thoughts_[731], though you could not find
+twenty lines together without some extravagance. He repeated two
+passages from his _Love of Fame_,--the characters of Brunetta[732] and
+Stella[733], which he praised highly. He said Young pressed him much to
+come to Wellwyn. He always intended it, but never went[734]. He was
+sorry when Young died. The cause of quarrel between Young and his son,
+he told us, was, that his son insisted Young should turn away a
+clergyman's widow, who lived with him, and who, having acquired great
+influence over the father, was saucy to the son. Dr. Johnson said, she
+could not conceal her resentment at him, for saying to Young, that 'an
+old man should not resign himself to the management of any body.' I
+asked him, if there was any improper connection between them. 'No, Sir,
+no more than between two statues. He was past fourscore, and she a very
+coarse woman. She read to him, and I suppose made his coffee, and
+frothed his chocolate, and did such things as an old man wishes to have
+done for him.'
+
+Dr. Doddridge being mentioned, he observed that 'he was author of one of
+the finest epigrams in the English language. It is in Orton's Life of
+him.[735] The subject is his family motto,--_Dum vivimus, vivamus_;
+which, in its primary signification, is, to be sure, not very suitable
+to a Christian divine; but he paraphrased it thus:
+
+     "Live, while you live, the _epicure_ would say,
+      And seize the pleasures of the present day.
+      Live, while you live, the sacred _preacher_ cries,
+      And give to GOD each moment as it flies.
+      Lord, in my views let both united be;
+      I live in _pleasure_, when I live to _thee_."'
+
+I asked if it was not strange that government should permit so many
+infidel writings to pass without censure. JOHNSON. 'Sir, it is mighty
+foolish. It is for want of knowing their own power. The present family
+on the throne came to the crown against the will of nine tenths of the
+people.[736] Whether those nine tenths were right or wrong, it is not
+our business now to enquire. But such being the situation of the royal
+family, they were glad to encourage all who would be their friends. Now
+you know every bad man is a Whig; every man who has loose notions. The
+church was all against this family. They were, as I say, glad to
+encourage any friends; and therefore, since their accession, there is no
+instance of any man being kept back on account of his bad principles;
+and hence this inundation of impiety[737].' I observed that Mr. Hume,
+some of whose writings were very unfavourable to religion, was, however,
+a Tory. JOHNSON. 'Sir, Hume is a Tory by chance[738] as being a
+Scotchman; but not upon a principle of duty; for he has no principle. If
+he is any thing, he is a Hobbist.'
+
+There was something not quite serene in his humour to-night, after
+supper; for he spoke of hastening away to London, without stopping much
+at Edinburgh. I reminded him that he had General Oughton and many others
+to see. JOHNSON. 'Nay, I shall neither go in jest, nor stay in jest. I
+shall do what is fit.' BOSWELL. 'Ay, Sir, but all I desire is, that you
+will let me tell you when it is fit.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, I shall not consult
+you.' BOSWELL. 'If you are to run away from us, as soon as you get
+loose, we will keep you confined in an island.' He was, however, on the
+whole, very good company. Mr. Donald McLeod expressed very well the
+gradual impression made by Dr. Johnson on those who are so fortunate as
+to obtain his acquaintance. 'When you see him first, you are struck with
+awful reverence;--then you admire him;--and then you love him
+cordially.'
+
+I read this evening some part of Voltaire's _History of the War_ in
+1741[739], and of Lord Kames against Hereditary Indefeasible Right. This
+is a very slight circumstance, with which I should not trouble my
+reader, but for the sake of observing that every man should keep minutes
+of whatever he reads. Every circumstance of his studies should be
+recorded; what books he has consulted; how much of them he has read; at
+what times; how often the same authors; and what opinions he formed of
+them, at different periods of his life. Such an account would much
+illustrate the history of his mind.[740]
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, OCTOBER 1.
+
+I shewed to Dr. Johnson verses in a magazine, on his _Dictionary_,
+composed of uncommon words taken from it:--
+
+     'Little of _Anthropopathy_[741] has he,' &c.
+
+He read a few of them, and said, 'I am not answerable for all the words
+in my _Dictionary_'. I told him that Garrick kept a book of all who had
+either praised or abused him. On the subject of his own reputation, he
+said,' Now that I see it has been so current a topick, I wish I had done
+so too; but it could not well be done now, as so many things are
+scattered in newspapers.' He said he was angry at a boy of Oxford, who
+wrote in his defence against Kenrick; because it was doing him hurt to
+answer Kenrick. He was told afterwards, the boy was to come to him to
+ask a favour. He first thought to treat him rudely, on account of his
+meddling in that business; but then he considered, he had meant to do
+him all the service in his power, and he took another resolution; he
+told him he would do what he could for him, and did so; and the boy was
+satisfied. He said, he did not know how his pamphlet was done, as he had
+'read very little of it. The boy made a good figure at Oxford, but
+died.[742] He remarked, that attacks on authors did them much service.
+'A man who tells me my play is very bad, is less my enemy than he who
+lets it die in silence. A man whose business it is to be talked of, is
+much helped by being attacked.'[743] Garrick, I observed, had been often
+so helped. JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; though Garrick had more opportunities
+than almost any man, to keep the publick in mind of him, by exhibiting
+himself to such numbers, he would not have had so much reputation, had
+he not been so much attacked. Every attack produces a defence; and so
+attention is engaged. There is no sport in mere praise, when people are
+all of a mind.' BOSWELL. 'Then Hume is not the worse for Beattie's
+attack?[744]' JOHNSON. 'He is, because Beattie has confuted him. I do
+not say, but that there may be some attacks which will hurt an author.
+Though Hume suffered from Beattie, he was the better for other attacks.'
+(He certainly could not include in that number those of Dr. Adams[745],
+and Mr. Tytler[746].) BOSWELL. 'Goldsmith is the better for attacks.'
+JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; but he does not think so yet. When Goldsmith and I
+published, each of us something, at the same time[747], we were given to
+understand that we might review each other. Goldsmith was for accepting
+the offer. I said, No; set Reviewers at defiance. It was said to old
+Bentley, upon the attacks against him, "Why, they'll write you down."
+"No, Sir," he replied; "depend upon it, no man was ever written down but
+by himself[748]." 'He observed to me afterwards, that the advantages
+authors derived from attacks, were chiefly in subjects of taste, where
+you cannot confute, as so much may be said on either side.[749] He told
+me he did not know who was the authour of the _Adventures of a
+Guinea_[750], but that the bookseller had sent the first volume to him
+in manuscript, to have his opinion if it should be printed; and he
+thought it should.
+
+The weather being now somewhat better, Mr. James McDonald, factor to Sir
+Alexander McDonald in Slate, insisted that all the company at Ostig
+should go to the house at Armidale, which Sir Alexander had left, having
+gone with his lady to Edinburgh, and be his guests, till we had an
+opportunity of sailing to Mull. We accordingly got there to dinner; and
+passed our day very cheerfully, being no less than fourteen in number.
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, OCTOBER 2.
+
+Dr. Johnson said, that 'a Chief and his Lady should make their house
+like a court. They should have a certain number of the gentlemen's
+daughters to receive their education in the family, to learn pastry and
+such things from the housekeeper, and manners from my lady. That was the
+way in the great families in Wales; at Lady Salisbury's,[751] Mrs.
+Thrale's grandmother, and at Lady Philips's.[752] I distinguish the
+families by the ladies, as I speak of what was properly their province.
+There were always six young ladies at Sir John Philips's: when one was
+married, her place was filled up. There was a large school-room, where
+they learnt needle-work and other things.' I observed, that, at some
+courts in Germany, there were academies for the pages, who are the sons
+of gentlemen, and receive their education without any expence to their
+parents. Dr. Johnson said, that manners were best learned at those
+courts.' You are admitted with great facility to the prince's company,
+and yet must treat him with much respect. At a great court, you are at
+such a distance that you get no good.' I said, 'Very true: a man sees
+the court of Versailles, as if he saw it on a theatre.' He said, 'The
+best book that ever was written upon good breeding, _Il Corteggiano_, by
+Castiglione[753], grew up at the little court of Urbino, and you should
+read it.' I am glad always to have his opinion of books. At Mr.
+McPherson's, he commended Whitby's _Commentary_[754], and said, he had
+heard him called rather lax; but he did not perceive it. He had looked
+at a novel, called _The Man of the World_[755], at Rasay, but thought
+there was nothing in it. He said to-day, while reading my _Journal_,
+'This will be a great treasure to us some years hence.'
+
+Talking of a very penurious gentleman of our acquaintance[756], he
+observed, that he exceeded _L'Avare_ in the play[757]. I concurred with
+him, and remarked that he would do well, if introduced in one of Foote's
+farces; that the best way to get it done, would be to bring Foote to be
+entertained at his house for a week, and then it would be _facit
+indignatio_[758]. JOHNSON. 'Sir, I wish he had him. I, who have eaten
+his bread, will not give him to him; but I should be glad he came
+honestly by him.'
+
+He said, he was angry at Thrale, for sitting at General Oglethorpe's
+without speaking. He censured a man for degrading himself to a
+non-entity. I observed, that Goldsmith was on the other extreme; for he
+spoke at all ventures.[759] JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; Goldsmith, rather than
+not speak, will talk of what he knows himself to be ignorant, which can
+only end in exposing him.' 'I wonder, (said I,) if he feels that he
+exposes himself. If he was with two taylors,' 'Or with two founders,
+(said Dr. Johnson, interrupting me,) he would fall a talking on the
+method of making cannon, though both of them would soon see that he did
+not know what metal a cannon is made of.' We were very social and merry
+in his room this forenoon. In the evening the company danced as usual.
+We performed, with much activity, a dance which, I suppose, the
+emigration from Sky has occasioned. They call it _America_. Each of the
+couples, after the common _involutions_ and _evolutions_, successively
+whirls round in a circle, till all are in motion; and the dance seems
+intended to shew how emigration catches, till a whole neighbourhood is
+set afloat. Mrs. M'Kinnon told me, that last year when a ship sailed
+from Portree for America, the people on shore were almost distracted
+when they saw their relations go off, they lay down on the ground,
+tumbled, and tore the grass with their teeth. This year there was not a
+tear shed. The people on shore seemed to think that they would soon
+follow. This indifference is a mortal sign for the country.
+
+We danced to-night to the musick of the bagpipe, which made us beat the
+ground with prodigious force. I thought it better to endeavour to
+conciliate the kindness of the people of Sky, by joining heartily in
+their amusements, than to play the abstract scholar. I looked on this
+Tour to the Hebrides as a copartnership between Dr. Johnson and me. Each
+was to do all he could to promote its success; and I have some reason to
+flatter myself, that my gayer exertions were of service to us. Dr.
+Johnson's immense fund of knowledge and wit was a wonderful source of
+admiration and delight to them; but they had it only at times; and they
+required to have the intervals agreeably filled up, and even little
+elucidations of his learned text. I was also fortunate enough frequently
+to draw him forth to talk, when he would otherwise have been silent. The
+fountain was at times locked up, till I opened the spring. It was
+curious to hear the Hebridians, when any dispute happened while he was
+out of the room, saying, 'Stay till Dr. Johnson comes: say that
+to _him!_
+
+Yesterday, Dr. Johnson said, 'I cannot but laugh, to think of myself
+roving among the Hebrides at sixty[760]. I wonder where I shall rove at
+fourscore[761]!' This evening he disputed the truth of what is said, as
+to the people of St. Kilda catching cold whenever strangers come. 'How
+can there (said he) be a physical effect without a physical cause[762]?'
+He added, laughing, 'the arrival of a ship full of strangers would kill
+them; for, if one stranger gives them one cold, two strangers must give
+them two colds; and so in proportion.' I wondered to hear him ridicule
+this, as he had praised M'Aulay for putting it in his book: saying, that
+it was manly in him to tell a fact, however strange, if he himself
+believed it[763]. He said, the evidence was not adequate to the
+improbability of the thing; that if a physician, rather disposed to be
+incredulous, should go to St. Kilda, and report the fact, then he would
+begin to look about him. They said, it was annually proved by M'Leod's
+steward, on whose arrival all the inhabitants caught cold. He jocularly
+remarked, 'the steward always comes to demand something from them; and
+so they fall a coughing. I suppose the people in Sky all take a cold,
+when--(naming a certain person[764]) comes.' They said, he came only in
+summer. JOHNSON. 'That is out of tenderness to you. Bad weather and he,
+at the same time, would be too much.'
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, OCTOBER 3.
+
+Joseph reported that the wind was still against us. Dr. Johnson said, 'A
+wind, or not a wind? that is the question[765];' for he can amuse
+himself at times with a little play of words, or rather sentences. I
+remember when he turned his cup at Aberbrothick, where we drank tea, he
+muttered _Claudite jam rivos, pueri'_[766]. I must again and again
+apologize to fastidious readers, for recording such minute particulars.
+They prove the scrupulous fidelity of my _Journal_. Dr. Johnson said it
+was a very exact picture of a portion of his life.
+
+While we were chatting in the indolent stile of men who were to stay
+here all this day at least, we were suddenly roused at being told that
+the wind was fair, that a little fleet of herring-busses was passing by
+for Mull, and that Mr. Simpson's vessel was about to sail. Hugh
+M'Donald, the skipper, came to us, and was impatient that we should get
+ready, which we soon did. Dr. Johnson, with composure and solemnity,
+repeated the observation of Epictetus, that, 'as man has the voyage of
+death before him,--whatever may be his employment, he should be ready at
+the master's call; and an old man should never be far from the shore,
+lest he should not be able to get himself ready.' He rode, and I and the
+other gentlemen walked, about an English mile to the shore, where the
+vessel lay. Dr. Johnson said, he should never forget Sky, and returned
+thanks for all civilities. We were carried to the vessel in a small boat
+which she had, and we set sail very briskly about one o'clock. I was
+much pleased with the motion for many hours. Dr. Johnson grew sick, and
+retired under cover, as it rained a good deal. I kept above, that I
+might have fresh air, and finding myself not affected by the motion of
+the vessel, I exulted in being a stout seaman, while Dr. Johnson was
+quite in a state of annihilation. But I was soon humbled; for after
+imagining that I could go with ease to America or the East-Indies, I
+became very sick, but kept above board, though it rained hard.
+
+As we had been detained so long in Sky by bad weather, we gave up the
+scheme that Col had planned for us of visiting several islands, and
+contented ourselves with the prospect of seeing Mull, and Icolmkill and
+Inchkenneth, which lie near to it.
+
+Mr. Simpson was sanguine in his hopes for awhile, the wind being fair
+for us. He said, he would land us at Icolmkill that night. But when the
+wind failed, it was resolved we should make for the sound of Mull, and
+land in the harbour of Tobermorie. We kept near the five herring vessels
+for some time; but afterwards four of them got before us, and one little
+wherry fell behind us. When we got in full view of the point of
+Ardnamurchan, the wind changed, and was directly against our getting
+into the Sound. We were then obliged to tack, and get forward in that
+tedious manner. As we advanced, the storm grew greater, and the sea very
+rough. Col then began to talk of making for Egg, or Canna, or his own
+island. Our skipper said, he would get us into the Sound. Having
+struggled for this a good while in vain, he said, he would push forward
+till we were near the land of Mull, where we might cast anchor, and lie
+till the morning; for although, before this, there had been a good moon,
+and I had pretty distinctly seen not only the land of Mull, but up the
+Sound, and the country of Morven as at one end of it, the night was now
+grown very dark. Our crew consisted of one M'Donald, our skipper, and
+two sailors, one of whom had but one eye: Mr. Simpson himself, Col, and
+Hugh M'Donald his servant, all helped. Simpson said, he would willingly
+go for Col, if young Col or his servant would undertake to pilot us to
+a harbour; but, as the island is low land, it was dangerous to run upon
+it in the dark. Col and his servant appeared a little dubious. The
+scheme of running for Canna seemed then to be embraced; but Canna was
+ten leagues off, all out of our way; and they were afraid to attempt the
+harbour of Egg. All these different plans were successively in
+agitation. The old skipper still tried to make for the land of Mull; but
+then it was considered that there was no place there where we could
+anchor in safety. Much time was lost in striving against the storm. At
+last it became so rough, and threatened to be so much worse, that Col
+and his servant took more courage, and said they would undertake to hit
+one of the harbours in Col. 'Then let us run for it in GOD'S name,' said
+the skipper; and instantly we turned towards it. The little wherry which
+had fallen behind us had hard work. The master begged that, if we made
+for Col, we should put out a light to him. Accordingly one of the
+sailors waved a glowing peat for some time. The various difficulties
+that were started, gave me a good deal of apprehension, from which I was
+relieved, when I found we were to run for a harbour before the wind. But
+my relief was but of short duration: for I soon heard that our sails
+were very bad, and were in danger of being torn in pieces, in which case
+we should be driven upon the rocky shore of Col. It was very dark, and
+there was a heavy and incessant rain. The sparks of the burning peat
+flew so much about, that I dreaded the vessel might take fire. Then, as
+Col was a sportsman, and had powder on board, I figured that we might be
+blown up. Simpson and he appeared a little frightened, which made me
+more so; and the perpetual talking, or rather shouting, which was
+carried on in Erse, alarmed me still more. A man is always suspicious of
+what is saying in an unknown tongue; and, if fear be his passion at the
+time, he grows more afraid. Our vessel often lay so much on one side,
+that I trembled lest she should be overset, and indeed they told me
+afterwards, that they had run her sometimes to within an inch of the
+water, so anxious were they to make what haste they could before the
+night should be worse. I now saw what I never saw before, a prodigious
+sea, with immense billows coming upon a vessel, so as that it seemed
+hardly possible to escape. There was something grandly horrible in the
+sight. I am glad I have seen it once. Amidst all these terrifying
+circumstances, I endeavoured to compose my mind. It was not easy to do
+it; for all the stories that I had heard of the dangerous sailing among
+the Hebrides, which is proverbial[767], came full upon my recollection.
+When I thought of those who were dearest to me, and would suffer
+severely, should I be lost, I upbraided myself, as not having a
+sufficient cause for putting myself in such danger. Piety afforded me
+comfort; yet I was disturbed by the objections that have been made
+against a particular providence, and by the arguments of those who
+maintain that it is in vain to hope that the petitions of an individual,
+or even of congregations, can have any influence with the Deity;
+objections which have been often made, and which Dr. Hawkesworth has
+lately revived, in his Preface to the _Voyages to the South Seas_[768];
+but Dr. Ogden's excellent doctrine on the efficacy of intercession
+prevailed.
+
+It was half an hour after eleven before we set ourselves in the course
+for Col. As I saw them all busy doing something, I asked Col, with much
+earnestness, what I could do. He, with a happy readiness, put into my
+hand a rope, which was fixed to the top of one of the masts, and told me
+to hold it till he bade me pull. If I had considered the matter, I might
+have seen that this could not be of the least service; but his object
+was to keep me out of the way of those who were busy working the vessel,
+and at the same time to divert my fear, by employing me, and making me
+think that I was of use. Thus did I stand firm to my post, while the
+wind and rain beat upon me, always expecting a call to pull my rope.
+The man with one eye steered; old M'Donald, and Col and his servant, lay
+upon the fore-castle, looking sharp out for the harbour. It was
+necessary to carry much _cloth_, as they termed it, that is to say, much
+sail, in order to keep the vessel off the shore of Col. This made
+violent plunging in a rough sea. At last they spied the harbour of
+Lochiern, and Col cried, 'Thank GOD, we are safe!' We ran up till we
+were opposite to it, and soon afterwards we got into it, and
+cast anchor.
+
+Dr. Johnson had all this time been quiet and unconcerned. He had lain
+down on one of the beds, and having got free from sickness, was
+satisfied. The truth is, he knew nothing of the danger we were in[769]
+but, fearless and unconcerned, might have said, in the words which he
+has chosen for the motto to his _Rambler_,
+
+     'Quo me cunque rapit tempestas, deferor hospes.[770]'
+
+Once, during the doubtful consultations, he asked whither we were going;
+and upon being told that it was not certain whether to Mull or Col, he
+cried, 'Col for my money!' I now went down, with Col and Mr. Simpson, to
+visit him. He was lying in philosophick tranquillity with a greyhound of
+Col's at his back, keeping him warm. Col is quite the _Juvenis qui
+gaudet canibus_[771]. He had, when we left Talisker, two greyhounds,
+two terriers, a pointer, and a large Newfoundland water-dog. He lost one
+of his terriers by the road, but had still five dogs with him. I was
+very ill, and very desirous to get to shore. When I was told that we
+could not land that night, as the storm had now increased, I looked so
+miserably, as Col afterwards informed me, that what Shakspeare has made
+the Frenchman say of the English soldiers, when scantily dieted,
+_'Piteous they will look, like drowned mice!'_[772] might, I believe,
+have been well applied to me. There was in the harbour, before us, a
+Campbelltown vessel, the Betty, Kenneth Morrison master, taking in
+kelp, and bound for Ireland. We sent our boat to beg beds for two
+gentlemen, and that the master would send his boat, which was larger
+than ours. He accordingly did so, and Col and I were accommodated in his
+vessel till the morning.
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, OCTOBER 4.
+
+About eight o'clock we went in the boat to Mr. Simpson's vessel, and
+took in Dr. Johnson. He was quite well, though he had tasted nothing but
+a dish of tea since Saturday night. On our expressing some surprise at
+this, he said, that, 'when he lodged in the Temple, and had no regular
+system of life, he had fasted for two days at a time, during which he
+had gone about visiting, though not at the hours of dinner or supper;
+that he had drunk tea, but eaten no bread; that this was no intentional
+fasting, but happened just in the course of a literary life.'[773]
+
+There was a little miserable publick-house close upon the shore, to
+which we should have gone, had we landed last night: but this morning
+Col resolved to take us directly to the house of Captain Lauchlan
+M'Lean, a descendant of his family, who had acquired a fortune in the
+East-Indies, and taken a farm in Col[774]. We had about an English mile
+to go to it. Col and Joseph, and some others, ran to some little horses,
+called here _Shelties_, that were running wild on a heath, and catched
+one of them. We had a saddle with us, which was clapped upon it, and a
+straw halter was put on its head. Dr. Johnson was then mounted, and
+Joseph very slowly and gravely led the horse. I said to Dr. Johnson, 'I
+wish, Sir, _the Club_ saw you in this attitude.[775]'
+
+It was a very heavy rain, and I was wet to the skin. Captain M'Lean had
+but a poor temporary house, or rather hut; however, it was a very good
+haven to us. There was a blazing peat-fire, and Mrs. M'Lean, daughter of
+the minister of the parish, got us tea. I felt still the motion of the
+sea. Dr. Johnson said, it was not in imagination, but a continuation of
+motion on the fluids, like that of the sea itself after the storm
+is over.
+
+There were some books on the board which served as a chimney-piece. Dr.
+Johnson took up Burnet's _History of his own Times_[776]. He said, 'The
+first part of it is one of the most entertaining books in the English
+language; it is quite dramatick: while he went about every where, saw
+every where, and heard every where. By the first part, I mean so far as
+it appears that Burnet himself was actually engaged in what he has told;
+and this may be easily distinguished.' Captain M'Lean censured Burnet,
+for his high praise of Lauderdale in a dedication[777], when he shews
+him in his history to have been so bad a man. JOHNSON. 'I do not myself
+think that a man should say in a dedication what he could not say in a
+history. However, allowance should be made; for there is a great
+difference. The known style of a dedication is flattery: it professes
+to flatter. There is the same difference between what a man says in a
+dedication, and what he says in a history, as between a lawyer's
+pleading a cause, and reporting it.'
+
+The day passed away pleasantly enough. The wind became fair for Mull in
+the evening, and Mr. Simpson resolved to sail next morning: but having
+been thrown into the island of Col we were unwilling to leave it
+unexamined, especially as we considered that the Campbelltown vessel
+would sail for Mull in a day or two, and therefore we determined
+to stay.
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, OCTOBER 5.
+
+I rose, and wrote my _Journal_ till about nine; and then went to Dr.
+Johnson, who sat up in bed and talked and laughed. I said, it was
+curious to look back ten years, to the time when we first thought of
+visiting the Hebrides[778]. How distant and improbable the scheme then
+appeared! Yet here we were actually among them. 'Sir, (said he,) people
+may come to do any thing almost, by talking of it. I really believe, I
+could talk myself into building a house upon island Isa[779], though I
+should probably never come back again to see it. I could easily persuade
+Reynolds to do it; and there would be no great sin in persuading him to
+do it. Sir, he would reason thus: "What will it cost me to be there once
+in two or three summers? Why, perhaps, five hundred pounds; and what is
+that, in comparison of having a fine retreat, to which a man can go, or
+to which he can send a friend?" He would never find out that he may have
+this within twenty miles of London. Then I would tell him, that he may
+marry one of the Miss M'Leods, a lady of great family. Sir, it is
+surprising how people will go to a distance for what they may have at
+home. I knew a lady who came up from Lincolnshire to Knightsbridge with
+one of her daughters, and gave five guineas a week for a lodging and a
+warm bath; that is, mere warm water. _That_, you know, could not be had
+in _Lincolnshire_! She said, it was made either too hot or too
+cold there.'
+
+After breakfast, Dr. Johnson and I, and Joseph, mounted horses, and Col
+and the Captain walked with us about a short mile across the island. We
+paid a visit to the Reverend Mr. Hector M'Lean. His parish consists of
+the islands of Col and Tyr-yi. He was about seventy-seven years of age,
+a decent ecclesiastick, dressed in a full suit of black clothes, and a
+black wig. He appeared like a Dutch pastor, or one of the assembly of
+divines at Westminster. Dr. Johnson observed to me afterwards, 'that he
+was a fine old man, and was as well-dressed, and had as much dignity in
+his appearance as the dean of a cathedral.' We were told, that he had a
+valuable library, though but poor accommodation for it, being obliged to
+keep his books in large chests. It was curious to see him and Dr.
+Johnson together. Neither of them heard very distinctly; so each of them
+talked in his own way, and at the same time. Mr. M'Lean said, he had a
+confutation of Bayle, by Leibnitz. JOHNSON. 'A confutation of Bayle,
+Sir! What part of Bayle do you mean? The greatest part of his writings
+is not confutable: it is historical and critical.' Mr. M'Lean said, 'the
+irreligious part;' and proceeded to talk of Leibnitz's controversy with
+Clarke, calling Leibnitz a great man. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, Leibnitz
+persisted in affirming that Newton called space _sensorium numinis_,
+notwithstanding he was corrected, and desired to observe that Newton's
+words were QUASI _sensorium numinis_[780]. No, Sir; Leibnitz was as
+paltry a fellow as I know. Out of respect to Queen Caroline, who
+patronised him, Clarke treated him too well.[781]'  During the time
+that Dr. Johnson was thus going on, the old minister was standing with
+his back to the fire, cresting up erect, pulling down the front of his
+periwig, and talking what a great man Leibnitz was. To give an idea of
+the scene, would require a page with two columns; but it ought rather to
+be represented by two good players. The old gentleman said, Clarke was
+very wicked, for going so much into the Arian system[782]. 'I will not
+say he was wicked, said Dr. Johnson; he might be mistaken.' M'LEAN. 'He
+was wicked, to shut his eyes against the Scriptures; and worthy men in
+England have since confuted him to all intents and purposes.' JOHNSON.
+'I know not _who_ has confuted him to _all intents and purposes_.' Here
+again there was a double talking, each continuing to maintain his own
+argument, without hearing exactly what the other said.
+
+I regretted that Dr. Johnson did not practice the art of accommodating
+himself to different sorts of people. Had he been softer with this
+venerable old man, we might have had more conversation; but his forcible
+spirit, and impetuosity of manner, may be said to spare neither sex nor
+age. I have seen even Mrs. Thrale stunned; but I have often maintained,
+that it is better he should retain his own manner[783]. Pliability of
+address I conceive to be inconsistent with that majestick power of mind
+which he possesses, and which produces such noble effects. A lofty oak
+will not bend like a supple willow.
+
+He told me afterwards, he liked firmness in an old man, and was pleased
+to see Mr. M'Lean so orthodox. 'At his age, it is too late for a man to
+be asking himself questions as to his belief[784].'  We rode to the
+northern part of the island, where we saw the ruins of a church or
+chapel[785]. We then proceeded to a place called Grissipol, or the
+rough Pool.
+
+At Grissipol we found a good farm house, belonging to the Laird of Col,
+and possessed by Mr. M'Sweyn. On the beach here there is a singular
+variety of curious stones. I picked up one very like a small cucumber.
+By the by, Dr. Johnson told me, that Gay's line in _The Beggars Opera_,
+'As men should serve a cucumber[786],' &c. has no waggish meaning, with
+reference to men flinging away cucumbers as too _cooling_, which some
+have thought; for it has been a common saying of physicians in England,
+that a cucumber should be well sliced, and dressed with pepper and
+vinegar, and then thrown out, as good for nothing. Mr. M'Sweyn's
+predecessors had been in Sky from a very remote period, upon the estate
+belonging to M'Leod; probably before M'Leod had it The name is certainly
+Norwegian, from _Sueno_, King of Norway. The present Mr. M'Sweyn left
+Sky upon the late M'Leod's raising his rents. He then got this farm
+from Col.
+
+He appeared to be near fourscore; but looked as fresh, and was as strong
+as a man of fifty. His son Hugh looked older; and, as Dr. Johnson
+observed, had more the manners of an old man than he. I had often heard
+of such instances, but never saw one before. Mrs. M'Sweyn was a decent
+old gentlewoman. She was dressed in tartan, and could speak nothing but
+Erse. She said, she taught Sir James M'Donald Erse, and would teach me
+soon. I could now sing a verse of the song _Hatyin foam'eri_[787], made
+in honour of Allan, the famous Captain of Clanranald, who fell at
+Sherrif-muir[788]; whose servant, who lay on the field watching his
+master's dead body, being asked next day who that was, answered, 'He was
+a man yesterday.'
+
+We were entertained here with a primitive heartiness. Whiskey was served
+round in a shell, according to the ancient Highland custom. Dr. Johnson
+would not partake of it; but, being desirous to do honour to the modes
+'of other times,' drank some water out of the shell.
+
+In the forenoon Dr. Johnson said, 'it would require great resignation to
+live in one of these islands.' BOSWELL. 'I don't know, Sir; I have felt
+myself at times in a state of almost mere physical existence, satisfied
+to eat, drink, and sleep, and walk about, and enjoy my own thoughts; and
+I can figure a continuation of this.' JOHNSON. 'Ay, Sir; but if you were
+shut up here, your own thoughts would torment you. You would think of
+Edinburgh or London, and that you could not be there.'
+
+We set out after dinner for _Breacacha_, the family seat of the Laird of
+Col, accompanied by the young laird, who had now got a horse, and by the
+younger Mr. M'Sweyn, whose wife had gone thither before us, to prepare
+every thing for our reception, the laird and his family being absent at
+Aberdeen. It is called _Breacacha_, or the Spotted Field, because in
+summer it is enamelled with clover and daisies, as young Col told me. We
+passed by a place where there is a very large stone, I may call it a
+_rock_;--'a vast weight for Ajax[789].' The tradition is, that a giant
+threw such another stone at his mistress, up to the top of a hill, at a
+small distance; and that she in return, threw this mass down to
+him[790]. It was all in sport.
+
+     'Malo me petit lasciva puella[791].'
+
+As we advanced, we came to a large extent of plain ground. I had not
+seen such a place for a long time. Col and I took a gallop upon it by
+way of race. It was very refreshing to me, after having been so long
+taking short steps in hilly countries. It was like stretching a man's
+legs after being cramped in a short bed. We also passed close by a large
+extent of sand-hills, near two miles square. Dr. Johnson said, 'he never
+had the image before. It was horrible, if barrenness and danger could be
+so.' I heard him, after we were in the house of _Breacacha_, repeating
+to himself, as he walked about the room,
+
+     'And smother'd in the dusty whirlwind, dies[792].'
+
+Probably he had been thinking of the whole of the simile in _Cato_, of
+which that is the concluding line; the sandy desart had struck him so
+strongly. The sand has of late been blown over a good deal of meadow,
+and the people of the island say, that their fathers remembered much of
+the space which is now covered with sand, to have been under
+tillage[793]. Col's house is situated on a bay called _Breacacha_ Bay.
+We found here a neat new-built gentleman's house, better than any we had
+been in since we were at Lord Errol's. Dr. Johnson relished it much at
+first, but soon remarked to me, that 'there was nothing becoming a Chief
+about it: it was a mere tradesman's box[794].' He seemed quite at home,
+and no longer found any difficulty in using the Highland address; for as
+soon as we arrived, he said, with a spirited familiarity, 'Now, _Col_,
+if you could get us a dish of tea.' Dr. Johnson and I had each an
+excellent bed-chamber. We had a dispute which of us had the best
+curtains. His were rather the best, being of linen; but I insisted that
+my bed had the best posts, which was undeniable. 'Well, (said he,) if
+you _have_ the best _posts_, we will have you tied to them and whipped.'
+I mention this slight circumstance, only to shew how ready he is, even
+in mere trifles, to get the better of his antagonist, by placing him in
+a ludicrous view. I have known him sometimes use the same art, when hard
+pressed in serious disputation. Goldsmith, I remember, to retaliate for
+many a severe defeat which he has suffered from him, applied to him a
+lively saying in one of Cibber's comedies, which puts this part of his
+character in a strong light.--'There is no arguing with Johnson; for,
+_if his pistol misses fire, he knocks you down with the butt end of
+it_[795].'
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 6.
+
+After a sufficiency of sleep, we assembled at breakfast. We were just as
+if in barracks. Every body was master. We went and viewed the old castle
+of Col, which is not far from the present house, near the shore, and
+founded on a rock. It has never been a large feudal residence, and has
+nothing about it that requires a particular description. Like other old
+inconvenient buildings of the same age, it exemplified Gray's
+picturesque lines,
+
+     'Huge[796] windows that exclude the light,
+      And passages that lead to nothing.'
+
+It may however be worth mentioning, that on the second story we saw a
+vault, which was, and still is, the family prison. There was a woman put
+into it by the laird, for theft, within these ten years; and any
+offender would be confined there yet; for, from the necessity of the
+thing, as the island is remote from any power established by law, the
+laird must exercise his jurisdiction to a certain degree.
+
+We were shewn, in a corner of this vault, a hole, into which Col said
+greater criminals used to be put. It was now filled up with rubbish of
+different kinds. He said, it was of a great depth, 'Ay, (said Dr.
+Johnson, smiling,) all such places, that _are filled up_, were of a
+great depth.' He is very quick in shewing that he does not give credit
+to careless or exaggerated accounts of things. After seeing the castle,
+we looked at a small hut near it. It is called _Teigh Franchich, i.e._
+the Frenchman's House. Col could not tell us the history of it. A poor
+man with a wife and children now lived in it. We went into it, and Dr.
+Johnson gave them some charity. There was but one bed for all the
+family, and the hut was very smoky. When he came out, he said to me,
+_'Et hoc secundum sententiam philosophorum est esse beatus_[797].'
+BOSWELL. 'The philosophers, when they placed happiness in a cottage,
+supposed cleanliness and no smoke.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, they did not think
+about either.'
+
+We walked a little in the laird's garden, in which endeavours have been
+used to rear some trees; but, as soon as they got above the surrounding
+wall, they died. Dr. Johnson recommended sowing the seeds of hardy
+trees, instead of planting.
+
+Col and I rode out this morning, and viewed a part of the island. In the
+course of our ride, we saw a turnip-field, which he had hoed with his
+own hands. He first introduced this kind of husbandry into the Western
+islands[798]. We also looked at an appearance of lead, which seemed very
+promising. It has been long known; for I found letters to the late
+laird, from Sir John Areskine and Sir Alexander Murray, respecting it.
+
+After dinner came Mr. M'Lean, of Corneck, brother to Isle of Muck, who
+is a cadet of the family of Col. He possesses the two ends of Col, which
+belong to the Duke of Argyll. Corneck had lately taken a lease of them
+at a very advanced rent, rather than let the Campbells get a footing in
+the island, one of whom had offered nearly as much as he. Dr. Johnson
+well observed, that, 'landlords err much when they calculate merely
+what their land _may_ yield. The rent must be in a proportionate ratio
+of what the land may yield, and of the power of the tenant to make it
+yield. A tenant cannot make by his land, but according to the corn and
+cattle which he has. Suppose you should give him twice as much land as
+he has, it does him no good, unless he gets also more stock. It is clear
+then, that the Highland landlords, who let their substantial tenants
+leave them, are infatuated; for the poor small tenants cannot give them
+good rents, from the very nature of things. They have not the means of
+raising more from their farms[799].' Corneck, Dr. Johnson said, was the
+most distinct man that he had met with in these isles: he did not shut
+his eyes, or put his fingers in his ears, which he seemed to think was a
+good deal the mode with most of the people whom we have seen of late.
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, OCTOBER 7.
+
+Captain M'Lean joined us this morning at breakfast. There came on a
+dreadful storm of wind and rain, which continued all day, and rather
+increased at night. The wind was directly against our getting to Mull.
+We were in a strange state of abstraction from the world: we could
+neither hear from our friends, nor write to them. Col had brought Daille
+_on the Fathers_[800], Lucas _on Happiness_[801], and More's
+_Dialogues_[802], from the Reverend Mr. M'Lean's, and Burnet's _History
+of his own Times_, from Captain M'Lean's; and he had of his own some
+books of farming, and Gregory's _Geometry_[803]. Dr. Johnson read a good
+deal of Burnet, and of Gregory, and I observed he made some geometrical
+notes in the end of his pocket-book. I read a little of Young's _Six
+Weeks' Tour through the Southern Counties_; and Ovid's _Epistles_, which
+I had bought at Inverness, and which helped to solace many a weary hour.
+
+We were to have gone with Dr. Johnson this morning to see the mine; but
+were prevented by the storm. While it was raging, he said, 'We may be
+glad we are not _damnati ad metalla_.'
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, OCTOBER 8.
+
+Dr. Johnson appeared to-day very weary of our present confined
+situation. He said, 'I want to be on the main land, and go on with
+existence. This is a waste of life.'
+
+I shall here insert, without regard to chronology, some of his
+conversation at different times.
+
+'There was a man some time ago, who was well received for two years,
+among the gentlemen of Northamptonshire, by calling himself my brother.
+At last he grew so impudent as by his influence to get tenants turned
+out of their farms. Allen the Printer[804], who is of that county, came
+to me, asking, with much appearance of doubtfulness, if I had a brother;
+and upon being assured I had none alive, he told me of the imposition,
+and immediately wrote to the country, and the fellow was dismissed. It
+pleased me to hear that so much was got by using my name. It is not
+every name that can carry double; do both for a man's self and his
+brother (laughing). I should be glad to see the fellow. However, I could
+have done nothing against him. A man can have no redress for his name
+being used, or ridiculous stories being told of him in the newspapers,
+except he can shew that he has suffered damage. Some years ago a foolish
+piece was published, said to be written _by S. Johnson_. Some of my
+friends wanted me to be very angry about this. I said, it would be in
+vain; for the answer would be, "_S. Johnson_ may be Simon Johnson, or
+Simeon Johnson, or Solomon Johnson;" and even if the full name, Samuel
+Johnson, had been used, it might be said; "it is not you; it is a much
+cleverer fellow."
+
+'Beauclerk and I, and Langton, and Lady Sydney Beauclerk, mother to our
+friend, were one day driving in a coach by Cuper's Gardens[805], which
+were then unoccupied. I, in sport, proposed that Beauclerk and Langton,
+and myself should take them; and we amused ourselves with scheming how
+we should all do our parts. Lady Sydney grew angry, and said, "an old
+man should not put such things in young people's heads." She had no
+notion of a joke, Sir; had come late into life, and had a mighty
+unpliable understanding.
+
+'_Carte's Life of the Duke of Ormond_ is considered as a book of
+authority; but it is ill-written. The matter is diffused in too many
+words; there is no animation, no compression, no vigour. Two good
+volumes in duodecimo might be made out of the two in folio[806].
+
+Talking of our confinement here, I observed, that our discontent and
+impatience could not be considered as very unreasonable; for that we
+were just in the state of which Seneca complains so grievously, while in
+exile in Corsica[807]. 'Yes, (said Dr. Johnson,) and he was not farther
+from home than we are.' The truth is, he was much nearer.
+
+There was a good deal of rain to-day, and the wind was still contrary.
+Corneck attended me, while I amused myself in examining a collection of
+papers belonging to the family of Col. The first laird was a younger son
+of the Chieftain M'Lean, and got the middle part of Col for his
+patrimony. Dr. Johnson having given a very particular account[808] of
+the connection between this family and a branch of the family of
+Camerons, called M'Lonich, I shall only insert the following document,
+(which I found in Col's cabinet,) as a proof of its continuance, even to
+a late period:--
+
+TO THE LAIRD OF COL.
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+
+'The long-standing tract of firm affectionate friendship 'twixt your
+worthy predecessors and ours affords us such assurance, as that we may
+have full relyance on your favour and undoubted friendship, in
+recommending the bearer, Ewen Cameron, our cousin, son to the deceast
+Dugall M'Connill of Innermaillie, sometime in Glenpean, to your favour
+and conduct, who is a man of undoubted honesty and discretion, only
+that he has the misfortune of being alledged to have been accessory to
+the killing of one of M'Martin's family about fourteen years ago, upon
+which alledgeance the M'Martins are now so sanguine on revenging, that
+they are fully resolved for the deprivation of his life; to the
+preventing of which you are relyed on by us, as the only fit instrument,
+and a most capable person. Therefore your favour and protection is
+expected and intreated, during his good behaviour; and failing of which
+behaviour, you'll please to use him as a most insignificant
+person deserves.
+
+'Sir, he had, upon the alledgeance foresaid, been transported, at
+Lochiel's desire, to France, to gratify the M'Martins, and upon his
+return home, about five years ago, married: But now he is so much
+threatened by the M'Martins, that he is not secure enough to stay where
+he is, being Ardmurchan, which occasions this trouble to you. Wishing
+prosperity and happiness to attend still yourself, worthy Lady, and good
+family, we are, in the most affectionate manner,
+
+'Dear Sir,
+
+'Your most obliged, affectionate,
+    'And most humble Servants,
+        'DUGALL CAMERON, _of Strone_.
+         DUGALL CAMERON, _of Barr_.
+         DUGALL CAMERON, _of Inveriskvouilline_.
+         DUGALL CAMERON, _of Invinvalie_.'
+
+'Strone, 11th March, 1737.'
+
+Ewen Cameron was protected, and his son has now a farm from the Laird of
+Col, in Mull.
+
+The family of Col was very loyal in the time of the great Montrose[809],
+from whom I found two letters in his own handwriting. The first is
+as follows:--
+
+FOR MY VERY LOVING FRIEND THE LAIRD OF COALL.
+
+'Sir,
+
+'I must heartily thank you for all your willingness and good affection
+to his Majesty's service, and particularly the sending alongs of your
+son, to who I will heave ane particular respect, hopeing also that you
+will still continue ane goode instrument for the advanceing ther of the
+King's service, for which, and all your former loyal carriages, be
+confident you shall find the effects of his Ma's favour, as they can be
+witnessed you by
+
+     'Your very faithful friende,
+     'MONTROSE.'
+
+'Strethearne, 20 Jan. 1646.'
+
+The other is:--
+
+     'FOR THE LAIRD OF COL.
+
+'SIR,
+
+'Having occasion to write to your fields, I cannot be forgetful of your
+willingness and good affection to his Majesty's service. I acknowledge
+to you, and thank you heartily for it, assuring, that in what lies in my
+power, you shall find the good. Meanwhile, I shall expect that you will
+continue your loyal endeavours, in wishing those slack people that are
+about you, to appear more obedient than they do, and loyal in their
+prince's service; whereby I assure you, you shall find me ever
+
+     'Your faithful friend,
+     'MONTROSE[810].'
+
+'Petty, 17 April, 1646.'
+
+I found some uncouth lines on the death of the present laird's father,
+intituled 'Nature's Elegy upon the death of Donald Maclean of Col.' They
+are not worth insertion. I shall only give what is called his Epitaph,
+which Dr. Johnson said, 'was not so very bad.'
+
+     'Nature's minion, Virtue's wonder,
+      Art's corrective here lyes under.'
+
+I asked, what 'Art's corrective' meant. 'Why, Sir, (said he,) that the
+laird was so exquisite, that he set art right, when she was wrong.'
+
+I found several letters to the late Col, from my father's old companion
+at Paris, Sir Hector M'Lean, one of which was written at the time of
+settling the colony in Georgia[811]. It dissuades Col from letting
+people go there, and assures him there will soon be an opportunity of
+employing them better at home. Hence it appears that emigration from
+the Highlands, though not in such numbers at a time as of late, has
+always been practised. Dr. Johnson observed that 'the Lairds, instead of
+improving their country, diminished their people.'
+
+There are several districts of sandy desart in Col. There are
+forty-eight lochs of fresh water; but many of them are very small,--meer
+pools. About one half of them, however, have trout and eel. There is a
+great number of horses in the island, mostly of a small size. Being
+over-stocked, they sell some in Tir-yi, and on the main land. Their
+black cattle, which are chiefly rough-haired, are reckoned remarkably
+good. The climate being very mild in winter, they never put their beasts
+in any house. The lakes are never frozen so as to bear a man; and snow
+never lies above a few hours. They have a good many sheep, which they
+eat mostly themselves, and sell but a few. They have goats in several
+places. There are no foxes; no serpents, toads, or frogs, nor any
+venomous creature. They have otters and mice here; but had no rats till
+lately that an American vessel brought them. There is a rabbit-warren on
+the north-east of the island, belonging to the Duke of Argyle. Young Col
+intends to get some hares, of which there are none at present. There are
+no black-cock, muir-fowl[812], nor partridges; but there are snipe,
+wild-duck, wild-geese, and swans, in winter; wild-pidgeons, plover, and
+great number of starlings; of which I shot some, and found them pretty
+good eating. Woodcocks come hither, though there is not a tree upon the
+island. There are no rivers in Col; but only some brooks, in which there
+is a great variety of fish. In the whole isle there are but three hills,
+and none of them considerable for a Highland country. The people are
+very industrious. Every man can tan. They get oak, and birch-bark, and
+lime, from the main land. Some have pits; but they commonly use tubs. I
+saw brogues[813] very well tanned; and every man can make them. They all
+make candles of the tallow of their beasts, both moulded and dipped; and
+they all make oil of the livers of fish. The little fish called Cuddies
+produce a great deal. They sell some oil out of the island, and they use
+it much for light in their houses, in little iron lamps, most of which
+they have from England; but of late their own blacksmith makes them. He
+is a good workman; but he has no employment in shoeing horses, for they
+all go unshod here, except some of a better kind belonging to young Col,
+which were now in Mull. There are two carpenters in Col; but most of the
+inhabitants can do something as boat-carpenters. They can all dye. Heath
+is used for yellow; and for red, a moss which grows on stones. They make
+broad-cloth, and tartan, and linen, of their own wool and flax,
+sufficient for their own use; as also stockings. Their bonnets come from
+the mainland. Hard-ware and several small articles are brought annually
+from Greenock, and sold in the only shop in the island, which is kept
+near the house, or rather hut, used for publick worship, there being no
+church in the island. The inhabitants of Col have increased considerably
+within these thirty years, as appears from the parish registers. There
+are but three considerable tacksmen on Col's part of the island[814]:
+the rest is let to small tenants, some of whom pay so low a rent as
+four, three, or even two guineas. The highest is seven pounds, paid by a
+farmer, whose son goes yearly on foot to Aberdeen for education, and in
+summer returns, and acts as a schoolmaster in Col. Dr. Johnson said,
+'There is something noble in a young man's walking two hundred miles and
+back again, every year, for the sake of learning[815].'
+
+This day a number of people came to Col, with complaints of each others'
+trespasses. Corneck, to prevent their being troublesome, told them, that
+the lawyer from Edinburgh was here, and if they did not agree, he would
+take them to task. They were alarmed at this; said, they had never been
+used to go to law, and hoped Col would settle matters himself. In the
+evening Corneck left us.
+
+As, in our present confinement, any thing that had even the name of
+curious was an object of attention, I proposed that Col should shew me
+the great stone, mentioned in a former page[816], as having been thrown
+by a giant to the top of a mountain. Dr. Johnson, who did not like to be
+left alone, said he would accompany us as far as riding was practicable.
+We ascended a part of the hill on horseback, and Col and I scrambled up
+the rest. A servant held our horses, and Dr. Johnson placed himself on
+the ground, with his back against a large fragment of rock. The wind
+being high, he let down the cocks of his hat, and tied it with his
+handkerchief under his chin. While we were employed in examining the
+stone, which did not repay our trouble in getting to it, he amused
+himself with reading _Gataker on Lots and on the Christian Watch[817],_
+a very learned book, of the last age, which had been found in the garret
+of Col's house, and which he said was a treasure here. When we descried
+him from above, he had a most eremitical appearance; and on our return
+told us, he had been so much engaged by Gataker, that he had never
+missed us. His avidity for variety of books, while we were in Col, was
+frequently expressed; and he often complained that so few were within
+his reach. Upon which I observed to him, that it was strange he should
+complain of want of books, when he could at any time make such
+good ones.
+
+We next proceeded to the lead mine. In our way we came to a strand of
+some extent, where we were glad to take a gallop, in which my learned
+friend joined with great alacrity. Dr. Johnson, mounted on a large bay
+mare without shoes, and followed by a foal, which had some difficulty in
+keeping up with him, was a singular spectacle.
+
+After examining the mine, we returned through a very uncouth district,
+full of sand hills; down which, though apparent precipices, our horses
+carried us with safety, the sand always gently sliding away from their
+feet. Vestiges of houses were pointed out to us, which Col, and two
+others who had joined us, asserted had been overwhelmed with sand blown
+over them. But, on going close to one of them, Dr. Johnson shewed the
+absurdity of the notion, by remarking, that 'it was evidently only a
+house abandoned, the stones of which had been taken away for other
+purposes; for the large stones, which form the lower part of the walls,
+were still standing higher than the sand. If _they_ were not blown over,
+it was clear nothing higher than they could be blown over.' This was
+quite convincing to me; but it made not the least impression on Col and
+the others, who were not to be argued out of a Highland tradition.
+
+We did not sit down to dinner till between six and seven. We lived
+plentifully here, and had a true welcome. In such a season good firing
+was of no small importance. The peats were excellent, and burned
+cheerfully. Those at Dunvegan, which were damp, Dr. Johnson called 'a
+sullen fuel.' Here a Scottish phrase was singularly applied to him. One
+of the company having remarked that he had gone out on a stormy evening,
+and brought in a supply of peats from the stack, old Mr. M'Sweyn said,
+'that was _main honest_[818]!'
+
+Blenheim being occasionally mentioned, he told me he had never seen
+it[819]: he had not gone formerly; and he would not go now, just as a
+common spectator, for his money: he would not put it in the power of
+some man about the Duke of Marlborough to say, 'Johnson was here; I knew
+him, but I took no notice of him[820].' He said, he should be very glad
+to see it, if properly invited, which in all probability would never be
+the case, as it was not worth his while to seek for it. I observed, that
+he might be easily introduced there by a common friend of ours, nearly
+related to the duke[821]. He answered, with an uncommon attention to
+delicacy of feeling, 'I doubt whether our friend be on such a footing
+with the duke as to carry any body there; and I would not give him the
+uneasiness of seeing that I knew he was not, or even of being himself
+reminded of it.'
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, OCTOBER 10.
+
+There was this day the most terrible storm of wind and rain that I ever
+remember[822]. It made such an awful impression on us all, as to
+produce, for some time, a kind of dismal quietness in the house. The day
+was passed without much conversation: only, upon my observing that there
+must be something bad in a man's mind, who does not like to give leases
+to his tenants, but wishes to keep them in a perpetual wretched
+dependance on his will, Dr. Johnson said, 'You are right: it is a man's
+duty to extend comfort and security among as many people as he can. He
+should not wish to have his tenants mere _Ephemerae_,--mere beings of an
+hour[823].' BOSWELL. 'But, Sir, if they have leases is there not some
+danger that they may grow insolent? I remember you yourself once told
+me, an English tenant was so independent, that, if provoked, he would
+_throw_ his rent at his landlord.' JOHNSON. 'Depend upon it, Sir, it is
+the landlord's own fault, if it is thrown at him. A man may always keep
+his tenants in dependence enough, though they have leases. He must be a
+good tenant indeed, who will not fall behind in his rent, if his
+landlord will let him; and if he does fall behind, his landlord has him
+at his mercy. Indeed, the poor man is always much at the mercy of the
+rich; no matter whether landlord or tenant. If the tenant lets his
+landlord have a little rent beforehand, or has lent him money, then the
+landlord is in his power. There cannot be a greater man than a tenant
+who has lent money to his landlord; for he has under subjection the very
+man to whom he should be subjected.'
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, OCTOBER II.
+
+We had some days ago engaged the Campbelltown vessel to carry us to
+Mull, from the harbour where she lay. The morning was fine, and the wind
+fair and moderate; so we hoped at length to get away.
+
+Mrs. M'Sweyn, who officiated as our landlady here, had never been on the
+main land. On hearing this, Dr. Johnson said to me, before her, 'That is
+rather being behind-hand with life. I would at least go and see
+Glenelg.' BOSWELL. 'You yourself, Sir, have never seen, till now, any
+thing but your native island.' JOHNSON. 'But, Sir, by seeing London, I
+have seen as much of life as the world can shew[824].' BOSWELL. 'You
+have not seen Pekin.' JOHNSON. 'What is Pekin? Ten thousand Londoners
+would _drive_ all the people of Pekin: they would drive them like deer.'
+
+We set out about eleven for the harbour; but, before we reached it, so
+violent a storm came on, that we were obliged again to take shelter in
+the house of Captain M'Lean, where we dined, and passed the night.
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, OCTOBER 12.
+
+After breakfast, we made a second attempt to get to the harbour; but
+another storm soon convinced us that it would be in vain. Captain
+M'Lean's house being in some confusion, on account of Mrs. M'Lean being
+expected to lie-in, we resolved to go to Mr. M'Sweyn's, where we arrived
+very wet, fatigued, and hungry. In this situation, we were somewhat
+disconcerted by being told that we should have no dinner till late in
+the evening, but should have tea in the mean time. Dr. Johnson opposed
+this arrangement; but they persisted, and he took the tea very readily.
+He said to me afterwards, 'You must consider, Sir, a dinner here is a
+matter of great consequence. It is a thing to be first planned, and then
+executed. I suppose the mutton was brought some miles off, from some
+place where they knew there was a sheep killed.'
+
+Talking of the good people with whom we were, he said, 'Life has not got
+at all forward by a generation in M'Sweyn's family; for the son is
+exactly formed upon the father. What the father says, the son says; and
+what the father looks, the son looks.'
+
+There being little conversation to-night, I must endeavour to recollect
+what I may have omitted on former occasions. When I boasted, at Rasay,
+of my independency of spirit, and that I could not be bribed, he said,
+'Yes, you may be bribed by flattery.' At the Reverend Mr. M'Lean's, Dr.
+Johnson asked him, if the people of Col had any superstitions. He said,
+'No.' The cutting peats at the increase of the moon was mentioned as
+one; but he would not allow it, saying, it was not a superstition, but a
+whim. Dr. Johnson would not admit the distinction. There were many
+superstitions, he maintained, not connected with religion; and this was
+one of them[825]. On Monday we had a dispute at the Captain's, whether
+sand-hills could be fixed down by art. Dr. Johnson said, 'How _the
+devil_ can you do it?' but instantly corrected himself, 'How can you do
+it[826]?' I never before heard him use a phrase of that nature.
+
+He has particularities which it is impossible to explain[827]. He never
+wears a night-cap, as I have already mentioned; but he puts a
+handkerchief on his head in the night. The day that we left Talisker, he
+bade us ride on. He then turned the head of his horse back towards
+Talisker, stopped for some time; then wheeled round to the same
+direction with ours, and then came briskly after us. He sets open a
+window in the coldest day or night, and stands before it. It may do with
+his constitution; but most people, amongst whom I am one, would say,
+with the frogs in the fable, 'This may be sport to you; but it is death
+to us.' It is in vain to try to find a meaning in every one of his
+particularities, which, I suppose, are mere habits, contracted by
+chance; of which every man has some that are more or less remarkable.
+His speaking to himself, or rather repeating, is a common habit with
+studious men accustomed to deep thinking; and, in consequence of their
+being thus rapt, they will even laugh by themselves, if the subject
+which they are musing on is a merry one. Dr. Johnson is often uttering
+pious ejaculations, when he appears to be talking to himself; for
+sometimes his voice grows stronger, and parts of the Lord's Prayer are
+heard[828]. I have sat beside him with more than ordinary reverence on
+such occasions[829].
+
+In our Tour, I observed that he was disgusted whenever he met with
+coarse manners. He said to me, 'I know not how it is, but I cannot bear
+low life[830]: and I find others, who have as good a right as I to be
+fastidious, bear it better, by having mixed more with different sorts of
+men. You would think that I have mixed pretty well too.'
+
+He read this day a good deal of my _Journal_, written in a small book
+with which he had supplied me, and was pleased, for he said, 'I wish thy
+books were twice as big.' He helped me to fill up blanks which I had
+left in first writing it, when I was not quite sure of what he had said,
+and he corrected any mistakes that I had made. 'They call me a scholar,
+(said he,) and yet how very little literature is there in my
+conversation.' BOSWELL. 'That, Sir, must be according to your company.
+You would not give literature to those who cannot taste it. Stay till we
+meet Lord Elibank.'
+
+We had at last a good dinner, or rather supper, and were very well
+satisfied with our entertainment.
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 13.
+
+Col called me up, with intelligence that it was a good day for a passage
+to Mull; and just as we rose, a sailor from the vessel arrived for us.
+We got all ready with dispatch. Dr. Johnson was displeased at my
+bustling, and walking quickly up and down. He said, 'It does not hasten
+us a bit. It is getting on horseback in a ship[831]. All boys do it; and
+you are longer a boy than others.' He himself has no alertness, or
+whatever it may be called; so he may dislike it, as _Oderunt hilarem
+tristes[832]._
+
+Before we reached the harbour, the wind grew high again. However, the
+small boat was waiting and took us on board. We remained for some time
+in uncertainty what to do: at last it was determined, that, as a good
+part of the day was over, and it was dangerous to be at sea at night, in
+such a vessel, and such weather, we should not sail till the morning
+tide, when the wind would probably be more gentle. We resolved not to go
+ashore again, but lie here in readiness. Dr. Johnson and I had each a
+bed in the cabin. Col sat at the fire in the fore-castle, with the
+captain, and Joseph, and the rest. I eat some dry oatmeal, of which I
+found a barrel in the cabin. I had not done this since I was a boy. Dr.
+Johnson owned that he too was fond of it when a boy[833]; a circumstance
+which I was highly pleased to hear from him, as it gave me an
+opportunity of observing that, notwithstanding his joke on the article
+of OATS[834], he was himself a proof that this kind of _food_ was not
+peculiar to the people of Scotland.
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, OCTOBER 14.
+
+When Dr. Johnson awaked this morning, he called _'Lanky!'_ having, I
+suppose, been thinking of Langton; but corrected himself instantly, and
+cried, _'Bozzy!'_ He has a way of contracting the names of his friends.
+Goldsmith feels himself so important now, as to be displeased at it. I
+remember one day, when Tom Davies was telling that Dr. Johnson said, We
+are all in labour for a name to _Goldy's_ play,' Goldsmith cried 'I have
+often desired him not to call me _Goldy[835].'_
+
+Between six and seven we hauled our anchor, and set sail with a fair
+breeze; and, after a pleasant voyage, we got safely and agreeably into
+the harbour of Tobermorie, before the wind rose, which it always has
+done, for some days, about noon.  Tobermorie is an excellent harbour.
+An island lies before it, and it is surrounded by a hilly theatre[836].
+The island is too low, otherwise this would be quite a secure port; but,
+the island not being a sufficient protection, some storms blow very hard
+here. Not long ago, fifteen vessels were blown from their moorings.
+There are sometimes sixty or seventy sail here: to-day there were twelve
+or fourteen vessels. To see such a fleet was the next thing to seeing a
+town. The vessels were from different places; Clyde, Campbelltown,
+Newcastle, &c. One was returning to Lancaster from Hamburgh. After
+having been shut up so long in Col, the sight of such an assemblage of
+moving habitations, containing such a variety of people, engaged in
+different pursuits, gave me much gaiety of spirit. When we had landed,
+Dr. Johnson said, 'Boswell is now all alive. He is like Antaeus; he gets
+new vigour whenever he touches the ground.' I went to the top of a hill
+fronting the harbour, from whence I had a good view of it. We had here a
+tolerable inn. Dr. Johnson had owned to me this morning, that he was out
+of humour. Indeed, he shewed it a good deal in the ship; for when I was
+expressing my joy on the prospect of our landing in Mull, he said, he
+had no joy, when he recollected that it would be five days before he
+should get to the main land. I was afraid he would now take a sudden
+resolution to give up seeing Icolmkill. A dish of tea, and some good
+bread and butter, did him service, and his bad humour went off. I told
+him, that I was diverted to hear all the people whom we had visited in
+our tour, say, _'Honest man!_ he's pleased with every thing; he's always
+content!'--'Little do they know,' said I. He laughed, and said, 'You
+rogue[837]!'
+
+We sent to hire horses to carry us across the island of Mull to the
+shore opposite to Inchkenneth, the residence of Sir Allan M'Lean, uncle
+to young Col, and Chief of the M'Leans, to whose house we intended to go
+the next day. Our friend Col went to visit his aunt, the wife of Dr.
+Alexander M'Lean, a physician, who lives about a mile from Tobermorie.
+
+Dr. Johnson and I sat by ourselves at the inn, and talked a good deal. I
+told him, that I had found, in Leandro Alberti's Description of Italy,
+much of what Addison has given us in his _Remarks_[838]. He said, 'The
+collection of passages from the Classicks has been made by another
+Italian: it is, however, impossible to detect a man as a plagiary in
+such a case, because all who set about making such a collection must
+find the same passages; but, if you find the same applications in
+another book, then Addison's learning in his _Remarks_ tumbles down. It
+is a tedious book; and, if it were not attached to Addison's previous
+reputation, one would not think much of it. Had he written nothing else,
+his name would not have lived. Addison does not seem to have gone deep
+in Italian literature: he shews nothing of it in his subsequent
+writings. He shews a great deal of French learning. There is, perhaps,
+more knowledge circulated in the French language than in any other[839].
+There is more original knowledge in English.' 'But the French (said I)
+have the art of accommodating[840] literature.' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir: we
+have no such book as Moreri's _Dictionary_[841].' BOSWELL. 'Their
+_Ana_[842] are good.' JOHNSON. 'A few of them are good; but we have one
+book of that kind better than any of them; Selden's _Table-talk_. As to
+original literature, the French have a couple of tragick poets who go
+round the world, Racine and Corneille, and one comick poet, Moliere.'
+BOSWELL. 'They have Fenelon.' JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, _Telemachus_ is pretty
+well.' BOSWELL. 'And Voltaire, Sir.' JOHNSON. 'He has not stood his
+trial yet. And what makes Voltaire chiefly circulate is collection; such
+as his _Universal History_.' BOSWELL. 'What do you say to the Bishop of
+Meaux?' JOHNSON. 'Sir, nobody reads him[843].' He would not allow
+Massilon and Bourdaloue to go round the world. In general, however, he
+gave the French much praise for their industry.
+
+He asked me whether he had mentioned, in any of the papers of the
+_Rambler_, the description in Virgil of the entrance into Hell, with an
+application to the press; 'for (said he) I do not much remember them.' I
+told him, 'No.' Upon which he repeated it:--
+
+     'Vestibulum ante ipsum, primisque in faucibus orci,
+      Luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae;
+      Pallentesque habitant Morbi, tristisque Senectus,
+      Et metus, et malesuada Fames, et turpis Egestas,
+      Terribiles visu formae; Lethumque, Laborque[844].'
+
+'Now, (said he) almost all these apply exactly to an authour: all these
+are the concomitants of a printing-house. I proposed to him to dictate
+an essay on it, and offered to write it. He said, he would not do it
+then, but perhaps would write one at some future period.
+
+The Sunday evening that we sat by ourselves at Aberdeen, I asked him
+several particulars of his life, from his early years, which he readily
+told me; and I wrote them down before him. This day I proceeded in my
+inquiries, also writing them in his presence. I have them on detached
+sheets. I shall collect authentick materials for THE LIFE OF SAMUEL
+JOHNSON, LL.D.; and, if I survive him, I shall be one who will most
+faithfully do honour to his memory. I have now a vast treasure of his
+conversation, at different times, since the year 1762[845], when I first
+obtained his acquaintance; and, by assiduous inquiry, I can make up for
+not knowing him sooner[846].
+
+A Newcastle ship-master, who happened to be in the house, intruded
+himself upon us. He was much in liquor, and talked nonsense about his
+being a man for _Wilkes and Liberty_, and against the ministry. Dr.
+Johnson was angry, that 'a fellow should come into _our_ company, who
+was fit for _no_ company.' He left us soon.
+
+Col returned from his aunt, and told us, she insisted that we should
+come to her house that night. He introduced to us Mr. Campbell, the Duke
+of Argyle's factor in Tyr-yi. He was a genteel, agreeable man. He was
+going to Inverary, and promised to put letters into the post-office for
+us[847]. I now found that Dr. Johnson's desire to get on the main land,
+arose from his anxiety to have an opportunity of conveying letters to
+his friends.
+
+After dinner, we proceeded to Dr. M'Lean's, which was about a mile from
+our inn. He was not at home, but we were received by his lady and
+daughter, who entertained us so well, that Dr. Johnson seemed quite
+happy. When we had supped, he asked me to give him some paper to write
+letters. I begged he would write short ones, and not _expatiate_, as we
+ought to set off early. He was irritated by this, and said, 'What must
+be done; must be done: the thing is past a joke.' 'Nay, Sir, (said I,)
+write as much as you please; but do not blame me, if we are kept six
+days before we get to the main land. You were very impatient in the
+morning: but no sooner do you find yourself in good quarters, than you
+forget that you are to move.' I got him paper enough, and we parted in
+good humour.
+
+Let me now recollect whatever particulars I have omitted. In the morning
+I said to him, before we landed at Tobermorie, 'We shall see Dr. M'Lean,
+who has written _The History of the M'Leans'_. JOHNSON. 'I have no great
+patience to stay to hear the history of the M'Leans. I would rather hear
+the History of the Thrales.' When on Mull, I said, 'Well, Sir, this is
+the fourth of the Hebrides that we have been upon.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, we
+cannot boast of the number we have seen. We thought we should see many
+more. We thought of sailing about easily from island to island; and so
+we should, had we come at a better season[848]; but we, being wise men,
+thought it would be summer all the year where _we_ were. However, Sir,
+we have seen enough to give us a pretty good notion of the system of
+insular life.'
+
+Let me not forget, that he sometimes amused himself with very slight
+reading; from which, however, his conversation shewed that he contrived
+to extract some benefit. At Captain M'Lean's he read a good deal in _The
+Charmer_, a collection of songs[849].
+
+We this morning found that we could not proceed, there being a violent
+storm of wind and rain, and the rivers being impassable. When I
+expressed my discontent at our confinement, Dr. Johnson said, 'Now that
+I have had an opportunity of writing to the main land, I am in no such
+haste.' I was amused with his being so easily satisfied; for the truth
+was, that the gentleman who was to convey our letters, as I was now
+informed, was not to set out for Inverary for some time; so that it was
+probable we should be there as soon as he: however, I did not undeceive
+my friend, but suffered him to enjoy his fancy.
+
+Dr. Johnson asked, in the evening, to see Dr. M'Lean's books. He took
+down Willis _de Anima Brutorum_[850], and pored over it a good deal.
+
+Miss M'Lean produced some Erse poems by John M'Lean, who was a famous
+bard in Mull, and had died only a few years ago. He could neither read
+nor write. She read and translated two of them; one, a kind of elegy on
+Sir John M'Lean's being obliged to fly his country in 1715; another, a
+dialogue between two Roman Catholick young ladies, sisters, whether it
+was better to be a nun or to marry. I could not perceive much poetical
+imagery in the translation. Yet all of our company who understood Erse,
+seemed charmed with the original. There may, perhaps, be some choice of
+expression, and some excellence of arrangement, that cannot be shewn in
+translation.
+
+After we had exhausted the Erse poems, of which Dr. Johnson said
+nothing, Miss M'Lean gave us several tunes on a spinnet, which, though
+made so long ago as in 1667, was still very well toned. She sung along
+with it. Dr. Johnson seemed pleased with the musick, though he owns he
+neither likes it, nor has hardly any perception of it. At Mr.
+M'Pherson's, in Slate, he told us, that 'he knew a drum from a trumpet,
+and a bagpipe from a guittar, which was about the extent of his
+knowledge of musick.' To-night he said, that, 'if he had learnt musick,
+he should have been afraid he would have done nothing else but play. It
+was a method of employing the mind without the labour of thinking at
+all, and with some applause from a man's self[851].'
+
+We had the musick of the bagpipe every day, at Armidale, Dunvegan, and
+Col. Dr. Johnson appeared fond of it, and used often to stand for some
+time with his ear close to the great drone.
+
+The penurious gentleman of our acquaintance, formerly alluded to[852],
+afforded us a topick of conversation to-night. Dr. Johnson said, I ought
+to write down a collection of the instances of his narrowness, as they
+almost exceeded belief. Col told us, that O'Kane, the famous Irish
+harper, was once at that gentleman's house. He could not find in his
+heart to give him any money, but gave him a key for a harp, which was
+finely ornamented with gold and silver, and with a precious stone, and
+was worth eighty or a hundred guineas. He did not know the value of it;
+and when he came to know it, he would fain have had it back; but O'Kane
+took care that he should not. JOHNSON. 'They exaggerate the value; every
+body is so desirous that he should be fleeced. I am very willing it
+should be worth eighty or a hundred guineas; but I do not believe it.'
+BOSWELL. 'I do not think O'Kane was obliged to give it back.' JOHNSON.
+'No, Sir. If a man with his eyes open, and without any means used to
+deceive him, gives me a thing, I am not to let him have it again when he
+grows wiser. I like to see how avarice defeats itself: how, when
+avoiding to part with money, the miser gives something more valuable.'
+Col said, the gentleman's relations were angry at his giving away the
+harp-key, for it had been long in the family. JOHNSON. 'Sir, he values a
+new guinea more than an old friend.'
+
+Col also told us, that the same person having come up with a serjeant
+and twenty men, working on the high road, he entered into discourse with
+the serjeant, and then gave him sixpence for the men to drink. The
+serjeant asked, 'Who is this fellow?'. Upon being informed, he said, 'If
+I had known who he was, I should have thrown it in his face.' JOHNSON.
+'There is much want of sense in all this. He had no business to speak
+with the serjeant. He might have been in haste, and trotted on. He has
+not learnt to be a miser: I believe we must take him apprentice.'
+BOSWELL. 'He would grudge giving half a guinea to be taught.' JOHNSON.
+'Nay, Sir, you must teach him _gratis_. You must give him an opportunity
+to practice your precepts.'
+
+Let me now go back, and glean _Johnsoniana_. The Saturday before we
+sailed from Slate, I sat awhile in the afternoon, with Dr. Johnson in
+his room, in a quiet serious frame. I observed, that hardly any man was
+accurately prepared for dying; but almost every one left something
+undone, something in confusion; that my father, indeed, told me he knew
+one man, (Carlisle of Limekilns,) after whose death all his papers were
+found in exact order; and nothing was omitted in his will. JOHNSON.
+'Sir, I had an uncle who died so; but such attention requires great
+leisure, and great firmness of mind. If one was to think constantly of
+death, the business of life would stand still. I am no friend to making
+religion appear too hard. Many good people have done harm by giving
+severe notions of it. In the same way, as to learning: I never frighten
+young people with difficulties; on the contrary, I tell them that they
+may very easily get as much as will do very well. I do not indeed tell
+them that they will be _Bentleys_!
+
+The night we rode to Col's house, I said, 'Lord Elibank is probably
+wondering what is become of us.' JOHNSON. 'No, no; he is not thinking of
+us.' BOSWELL. 'But recollect the warmth with which he wrote[853]. Are we
+not to believe a man, when he says he has a great desire to see another?
+Don't you believe that I was very impatient for your coming to
+Scotland?' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; I believe you were; and I was impatient
+to come to you. A young man feels so, but seldom an old man.' I however
+convinced him that Lord Elibank, who has much of the spirit of a young
+man, might feel so. He asked me if our jaunt had answered expectation. I
+said it had much exceeded it. I expected much difficulty with him, and
+had not found it. 'And (he added) wherever we have come, we have been
+received like princes in their progress.'
+
+He said, he would not wish not to be disgusted in the Highlands; for
+that would be to lose the power of distinguishing, and a man might then
+lie down in the middle of them. He wished only to conceal his disgust.
+
+At Captain M'Lean's, I mentioned Pope's friend, Spence. JOHNSON. 'He was
+a weak conceited man[854].' BOSWELL. 'A good scholar, Sir?' JOHNSON.
+'Why, no, Sir.' BOSWELL. 'He was a pretty scholar.' JOHNSON. 'You have
+about reached him.'
+
+Last night at the inn, when the factor in Tyr-yi spoke of his having
+heard that a roof was put on some part of the buildings at Icolmkill, I
+unluckily said, 'It will be fortunate if we find a cathedral with a roof
+on it.' I said this from a foolish anxiety to engage Dr. Johnson's
+curiosity more. He took me short at once. 'What, Sir? how can you talk
+so? If we shall _find_ a cathedral roofed! as if we were going to a
+_terra incognita_; when every thing that is at Icolmkill is so well
+known. You are like some New-England-men who came to the mouth of the
+Thames. "Come, (say they,) let us go up and see what sort of inhabitants
+there are here." They talked, Sir, as if they had been to go up the
+Susquehannah, or any other American river.'
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, OCTOBER 16.
+
+This day there was a new moon, and the weather changed for the better.
+Dr. Johnson said of Miss M'Lean, 'She is the most accomplished lady that
+I have found in the Highlands. She knows French, musick, and drawing,
+sews neatly, makes shellwork, and can milk cows; in short, she can do
+every thing. She talks sensibly, and is the first person whom I have
+found, that can translate Erse poetry literally[855].' We set out,
+mounted on little Mull horses. Mull corresponded exactly with the idea
+which I had always had of it; a hilly country, diversified with heath
+and grass, and many rivulets. Dr. Johnson was not in very good humour.
+He said, it was a dreary country, much worse than Sky. I differed from
+him. 'O, Sir, (said he,) a most dolorous country[856]!'
+
+We had a very hard journey to-day. I had no bridle for my sheltie, but
+only a halter; and Joseph rode without a saddle. At one place, a loch
+having swelled over the road, we were obliged to plunge through pretty
+deep water. Dr. Johnson observed, how helpless a man would be, were he
+travelling here alone, and should meet with any accident; and said, 'he
+longed to get to _a country of saddles and bridles_' He was more out of
+humour to-day, than he has been in the course of our Tour, being fretted
+to find that his little horse could scarcely support his weight; and
+having suffered a loss, which, though small in itself, was of some
+consequence to him, while travelling the rugged steeps of Mull, where he
+was at times obliged to walk. The loss that I allude to was that of the
+large oak-stick, which, as I formerly mentioned, he had brought with him
+from London[857]. It was of great use to him in our wild peregrination;
+for, ever since his last illness in 1766[858], he has had a weakness in
+his knees, and has not been able to walk easily. It had too the
+properties of a measure; for one nail was driven into it at the length
+of a foot; another at that of a yard. In return for the services it had
+done him, he said, this morning he would make a present of it to some
+Museum; but he little thought he was so soon to lose it. As he
+preferred riding with a switch, it was entrusted to a fellow to be
+delivered to our baggage-man, who followed us at some distance; but we
+never saw it more. I could not persuade him out of a suspicion that it
+had been stolen. 'No, no, my friend, (said he,) it is not to be expected
+that any man in Mull, who has got it, will part with it. Consider, Sir,
+the value of such a _piece of timber_ here!'
+
+As we travelled this forenoon, we met Dr. McLean, who expressed much
+regret at his having been so unfortunate as to be absent while we were
+at his house.
+
+We were in hopes to get to Sir Allan Maclean's at Inchkenneth, to-night;
+but the eight miles, of which our road was said to consist, were so very
+long, that we did not reach the opposite coast of Mull till seven at
+night, though we had set out about eleven in the forenoon; and when we
+did arrive there, we found the wind strong against us. Col determined
+that we should pass the night at M'Quarrie's, in the island of Ulva,
+which lies between Mull and Inchkenneth; and a servant was sent forward
+to the ferry, to secure the boat for us; but the boat was gone to the
+Ulva side, and the wind was so high that the people could not hear him
+call; and the night so dark that they could not see a signal. We should
+have been in a very bad situation, had there not fortunately been lying
+in the little sound of Ulva an Irish vessel, the Bonnetta, of
+Londonderry, Captain M'Lure, master. He himself was at M'Quarrie's; but
+his men obligingly came with their long-boat, and ferried us over.
+M'Quarrie's house was mean; but we were agreeably surprized with the
+appearance of the master, whom we found to be intelligent, polite, and
+much a man of the world. Though his clan is not numerous, he is a very
+ancient Chief, and has a burial place at Icolmkill. He told us, his
+family had possessed Ulva for nine hundred years; but I was distressed
+to hear that it was soon to be sold for payment of his debts.
+
+Captain M'Lure, whom we found here, was of Scotch extraction, and
+properly a McLeod, being descended of some of the M'Leods who went with
+Sir Normand of Bernera to the battle of Worcester; and after the defeat
+of the royalists, fled to Ireland, and, to conceal themselves, took a
+different name. He told me, there was a great number of them about
+Londonderry; some of good property. I said, they should now resume
+their real name. The Laird of M'Leod should go over, and assemble them,
+and make them all drink the large horn full[859], and from that time
+they should be M'Leods. The captain informed us, he had named his ship
+the Bonnetta, out of gratitude to Providence; for once, when he was
+sailing to America with a good number of passengers, the ship in which
+he then sailed was becalmed for five weeks, and during all that time,
+numbers of the fish Bonnetta swam close to her, and were caught for
+food; he resolved therefore, that the ship he should next get, should be
+called the Bonnetta.
+
+M'Quarrie told us a strong instance of the second sight. He had gone to
+Edinburgh, and taken a man-servant along with him. An old woman, who was
+in the house, said one day, 'M'Quarrie will be at home to-morrow, and
+will bring two gentlemen with him;' and she said, she saw his servant
+return in red and green. He did come home next day. He had two gentlemen
+with him; and his servant had a new red and green livery, which
+M'Quarrie had bought for him at Edinburgh, upon a sudden thought, not
+having the least intention when he left home to put his servant in
+livery; so that the old woman could not have heard any previous mention
+of it. This, he assured us, was a true story.
+
+M'Quarrie insisted that the _Mercheta Mulierum_, mentioned in our old
+charters, did really mean the privilege which a lord of the manor, or a
+baron, had, to have the first night of all his vassals' wives. Dr.
+Johnson said, the belief of such a custom having existed was also held
+in England, where there is a tenure called _Borough English_, by which
+the eldest child does not inherit, from a doubt of his being the son of
+the tenant[860]. M'Quarrie told us, that still, on the marriage of each
+of his tenants, a sheep is due to him; for which the composition is
+fixed at five shillings[861]. I suppose, Ulva is the only place where
+this custom remains.
+
+Talking of the sale of an estate of an ancient family, which was said to
+have been purchased much under its value by the confidential lawyer of
+that family, and it being mentioned that the sale would probably be set
+aside by a suit in equity, Dr. Johnson said, 'I am very willing that
+this sale should be set aside, but I doubt much whether the suit will be
+successful; for the argument for avoiding the sale is founded on vague
+and indeterminate principles, as that the price was too low, and that
+there was a great degree of confidence placed by the seller in the
+person who became the purchaser. Now, how low should a price be? or what
+degree of confidence should there be to make a bargain be set aside? a
+bargain, which is a wager of skill between man and man. If, indeed, any
+fraud can be proved, that will do.'
+
+When Dr. Johnson and I were by ourselves at night, I observed of our
+host, '_aspectum generosum habet;'--'et generosum animum_', he added.
+For fear of being overheard in the small Highland houses, I often talked
+to him in such Latin as I could speak, and with as much of the English
+accent as I could assume, so as not to be understood, in case our
+conversation should be too loud for the space.
+
+We had each an elegant bed in the same room; and here it was that a
+circumstance occurred, as to which he has been strangely misunderstood.
+From his description of his chamber, it has erroneously been supposed,
+that his bed being too short for him, his feet during the night were in
+the mire; whereas he has only said, that when he undressed, he felt his
+feet in the mire: that is, the clay-floor of the room, on which he stood
+upon before he went into bed, was wet, in consequence of the windows
+being broken, which let in the rain[862].
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, OCTOBER 17.
+
+Being informed that there was nothing worthy of observation in Ulva, we
+took boat, and proceeded to Inchkenneth, where we were introduced by our
+friend Col to Sir Allan M'Lean, the Chief of his clan, and to two young
+ladies, his daughters. Inchkenneth is a pretty little island, a mile
+long, and about half a mile broad, all good land[863].
+
+As we walked up from the shore, Dr. Johnson's heart was cheered by the
+sight of a road marked with cart-wheels, as on the main land; a thing
+which we had not seen for a long time. It gave us a pleasure similar to
+that which a traveller feels, when, whilst wandering on what he fears is
+a desert island, he perceives the print of human feet.  Military men
+acquire excellent habits of having all conveniences about them. Sir
+Allan M'Lean, who had been long in the army, and had now a lease of the
+island, had formed a commodious habitation, though it consisted but of a
+few small buildings, only one story high[864]. He had, in his little
+apartments, more things than I could enumerate in a page or two.
+
+Among other agreeable circumstances, it was not the least, to find here
+a parcel of the _Caledonian Mercury_, published since we left Edinburgh;
+which I read with that pleasure which every man feels who has been for
+some time secluded from the animated scenes of the busy world.
+
+Dr. Johnson found books here. He bade me buy Bishop Gastrell's
+_Christian Institutes_[865], which was lying in the room. He said, 'I do
+not like to read any thing on a Sunday, but what is theological; not
+that I would scrupulously refuse to look at any thing which a friend
+should shew me in a newspaper; but in general, I would read only what is
+theological. I read just now some of Drummond's _Travels_[866], before I
+perceived what books were here. I then took up Derham's
+_Physico-Theology_[867].'
+
+Every particular concerning this island having been so well described by
+Dr. Johnson, it would be superfluous in me to present the publick with
+the observations that I made upon it, in my _Journal_.
+
+I was quite easy with Sir Allan almost instantaneously. He knew the
+great intimacy that had been between my father and his predecessor, Sir
+Hector, and was himself of a very frank disposition. After dinner, Sir
+Allan said he had got Dr. Campbell about an hundred subscribers to his
+_Britannia Elucidata_, (a work since published under the title of _A
+Political Survey of Great Britain_[868],) of whom he believed twenty
+were dead, the publication having been so long delayed. JOHNSON. 'Sir, I
+imagine the delay of publication is owing to this;--that, after
+publication, there will be no more subscribers, and few will send the
+additional guinea to get their books: in which they will be wrong; for
+there will be a great deal of instruction in the work. I think highly of
+Campbell[869]. In the first place, he has very good parts. In the second
+place, he has very extensive reading; not, perhaps, what is properly
+called learning, but history, politicks, and, in short, that popular
+knowledge which makes a man very useful. In the third place, he has
+learned much by what is called the _vox viva_. He talks with a great
+many people.'
+
+Speaking of this gentleman, at Rasay, he told us, that he one day called
+on him, and they talked of Tull's _Husbandry_[870]. Dr. Campbell said
+something. Dr. Johnson began to dispute it. 'Come, (said Dr. Campbell,)
+we do not want to get the better of one another: we want to encrease
+each other's ideas.' Dr. Johnson took it in good part, and the
+conversation then went on coolly and instructively. His candour in
+relating this anecdote does him much credit, and his conduct on that
+occasion proves how easily he could be persuaded to talk from a better
+motive than 'for victory[871].'
+
+Dr. Johnson here shewed so much of the spirit of a Highlander, that he
+won Sir Allan's heart: indeed, he has shewn it during the whole of our
+Tour. One night, in Col, he strutted about the room with a broad sword
+and target, and made a formidable appearance; and, another night, I took
+the liberty to put a large blue bonnet on his head. His age, his size,
+and his bushy grey wig, with this covering on it, presented the image
+of a venerable _Senachi_[872]: and, however unfavourable to the Lowland
+Scots, he seemed much pleased to assume the appearance of an ancient
+Caledonian. We only regretted that he could not be prevailed with to
+partake of the social glass. One of his arguments against drinking,
+appears to me not convincing. He urged, that 'in proportion as drinking
+makes a man different from what he is before he has drunk, it is bad;
+because it has so far affected his reason.' But may it not be answered,
+that a man may be altered by it _for the better_; that his spirits may
+be exhilarated, without his reason being affected[873]. On the general
+subject of drinking, however, I do not mean positively to take the other
+side. I am _dubius, non improbus_.
+
+In the evening, Sir Allan informed us that it was the custom of his
+house to have prayers every Sunday; and Miss M'Lean read the evening
+service, in which we all joined. I then read Ogden's second and ninth
+_Sermons on Prayer_, which, with their other distinguished excellence,
+have the merit of being short. Dr. Johnson said, that it was the most
+agreeable Sunday he had ever passed[874]; and it made such an impression
+on his mind, that he afterwards wrote the following Latin verses upon
+Inchkenneth[875]:--
+
+     INSULA SANCTI KENNETHI.
+
+     Parva quidem regio, sed relligione priorum
+       Nota, Caledonias panditur inter aquas;
+     Voce ubi Cennethus populos domuisse feroces
+       Dicitur, et vanos dedocuisse deos.
+     Hue ego delatus placido per coerula cursu
+       Scire locum volui quid daret ille novi.
+     Illic Leniades humili regnabat in aula,
+       Leniades magnis nobilitatus avis:
+     Una duas habuit casa cum genitore puellas,
+       Quas Amor undarum fingeret esse deas:
+     Non tamen inculti gelidis latuere sub antris,
+       Accola Danubii qualia saevus habet;
+     Mollia non decrant vacuae solatia vitae,
+       Sive libros poscant otia, sive lyram.
+     Luxerat ilia dies, legis gens docta supernae
+       Spes hominum ac curas cum procul esse jubet,
+     Ponti inter strepitus sacri non munera cultus
+       Cessarunt; pietas hic quoque cura fuit:
+     Quid quod sacrifici versavit femina libros,
+       Legitimas faciunt pectora pura preces[876].
+     Quo vagor ulterius? quod ubique requiritur hic est;
+       Hic secura quies, hic et honestus amor[877].
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, OCTOBER 18.
+
+We agreed to pass this day with Sir Allan, and he engaged to have every
+thing in order for our voyage to-morrow.
+
+Being now soon to be separated from our amiable friend young Col, his
+merits were all remembered. At Ulva he had appeared in a new character,
+having given us a good prescription for a cold. On my mentioning him
+with warmth, Dr. Johnson said, 'Col does every thing for us: we will
+erect a statue to Col.' 'Yes, said I, and we will have him with his
+various attributes and characters, like Mercury, or any other of the
+heathen gods. We will have him as a pilot; we will have him as a
+fisherman, as a hunter, as a husbandman, as a physician.'
+
+I this morning took a spade, and dug a little grave in the floor of a
+ruined chapel[878], near Sir Allan M'Lean's house, in which I buried
+some human bones I found there. Dr. Johnson praised me for what I had
+done, though he owned, he could not have done it. He shewed in the
+chapel at Rasay[879] his horrour at dead men's bones. He shewed it again
+at Col's house. In the Charter-room there was a remarkable large
+shin-bone, which was said to have been a bone of _John Garve_[880], one
+of the lairds. Dr. Johnson would not look at it; but started away.
+
+At breakfast, I asked, 'What is the reason that we are angry at a
+trader's having opulence[881]?' JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, the reason is,
+(though I don't undertake to prove that there is a reason,) we see no
+qualities in trade that should entitle a man to superiority. We are not
+angry at a soldier's getting riches, because we see that he possesses
+qualities which we have not. If a man returns from a battle, having lost
+one hand, and with the other full of gold, we feel that he deserves the
+gold; but we cannot think that a fellow, by sitting all day at a desk,
+is entitled to get above us.' BOSWELL. 'But, Sir, may we not suppose a
+merchant to be a man of an enlarged mind, such as Addison in the
+_Spectator_ describes Sir Andrew Freeport to have been?' JOHNSON. 'Why,
+Sir, we may suppose any fictitious character. We may suppose a
+philosophical day-labourer, who is happy in reflecting that, by his
+labour, he contributes to the fertility of the earth, and to the support
+of his fellow-creatures; but we find no such philosophical day-labourer.
+A merchant may, perhaps, be a man of an enlarged mind; but there is
+nothing in trade connected with an enlarged mind[882].'
+
+I mentioned that I had heard Dr. Solander say he was a Swedish
+Laplander[883]. JOHNSON. 'Sir, I don't believe he is a Laplander. The
+Laplanders are not much above four feet high. He is as tall as you; and
+he has not the copper colour of a Laplander.' BOSWELL. 'But what motive
+could he have to make himself a Laplander?' JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, he must
+either mean the word Laplander in a very extensive sense, or may mean a
+voluntary degradation of himself. "For all my being the great man that
+you see me now, I was originally a Barbarian;" as if Burke should say,
+"I came over a wild Irishman." Which he might say in his present state
+of exaltation.'
+
+Having expressed a desire to have an island like Inchkenneth, Dr.
+Johnson set himself to think what would be necessary for a man in such a
+situation. 'Sir, I should build me a fortification, if I came to live
+here; for, if you have it not, what should hinder a parcel of ruffians
+to land in the night, and carry off every thing you have in the house,
+which, in a remote country, would be more valuable than cows and sheep?
+add to all this the danger of having your throat cut.' BOSWELL. 'I would
+have a large dog.' JOHNSON. 'So you may, Sir; but a large dog is of no
+use but to alarm.' He, however, I apprehend, thinks too lightly of the
+power of that animal. I have heard him say, that he is afraid of no dog.
+'He would take him up by the hinder legs, which would render him quite
+helpless,--and then knock his head against a stone, and beat out his
+brains.' Topham Beauclerk told me, that at his house in the country, two
+large ferocious dogs were fighting. Dr. Johnson looked steadily at them
+for a little while; and then, as one would separate two little boys, who
+were foolishly hurting each other, he ran up to them, and cuffed their
+heads till he drove them asunder[884]. But few men have his intrepidity,
+Herculean strength, or presence of mind. Most thieves or robbers would
+be afraid to encounter a mastiff.
+
+I observed, that, when young Col talked of the lands belonging to his
+family, he always said, '_my_ lands[885].' For this he had a plausible
+pretence; for he told me, there has been a custom in this family, that
+the laird resigns the estate to the eldest son when he comes of age,
+reserving to himself only a certain life-rent. He said, it was a
+voluntary custom; but I think I found an instance in the charter-room,
+that there was such an obligation in a contract of marriage. If the
+custom was voluntary, it was only curious; but if founded on obligation,
+it might be dangerous; for I have been told, that in Otaheité, whenever
+a child is born, (a son, I think,) the father loses his right to the
+estate and honours, and that this unnatural, or rather absurd custom,
+occasions the murder of many children.
+
+Young Col told us he could run down a greyhound; 'for, (said he,) the
+dog runs himself out of breath, by going too quick, and then I get up
+with him[886].' I accounted for his advantage over the dog, by remarking
+that Col had the faculty of reason, and knew how to moderate his pace,
+which the dog had not sense enough to do. Dr. Johnson said, 'He is a
+noble animal. He is as complete an islander as the mind can figure. He
+is a farmer, a sailor, a hunter, a fisher: he will run you down a dog:
+if any man has a _tail_[887], it is Col. He is hospitable; and he has an
+intrepidity of talk, whether he understands the subject or not. I regret
+that he is not more intellectual.'
+
+Dr. Johnson observed, that there was nothing of which he would not
+undertake to persuade a Frenchman in a foreign country. 'I'll carry a
+Frenchman to St. Paul's Church-yard, and I'll tell him, "by our law you
+may walk half round the church; but, if you walk round the whole, you
+will be punished capitally," and he will believe me at once. Now, no
+Englishman would readily swallow such a thing: he would go and inquire
+of somebody else[888].' The Frenchman's credulity, I observed, must be
+owing to his being accustomed to implicit submission; whereas every
+Englishman reasons upon the laws of his country, and instructs his
+representatives, who compose the legislature.  This day was passed in
+looking at a small island adjoining Inchkenneth, which afforded nothing
+worthy of observation; and in such social and gay entertainments as our
+little society could furnish.
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, OCTOBER 19.
+
+After breakfast we took leave of the young ladies, and of our excellent
+companion Col, to whom we had been so much obliged. He had now put us
+under the care of his Chief; and was to hasten back to Sky. We parted
+from him with very strong feelings of kindness and gratitude; and we
+hoped to have had some future opportunity of proving to him the
+sincerity of what we felt; but in the following year he was
+unfortunately lost in the Sound between Ulva and Mull[889]; and this
+imperfect memorial, joined to the high honour of being tenderly and
+respectfully mentioned by Dr. Johnson, is the only return which the
+uncertainty of human events has permitted us to make to this deserving
+young man.
+
+Sir Allan, who obligingly undertook to accompany us to Icolmkill[890],
+had a strong good boat, with four stout rowers. We coasted along Mull
+till we reached _Gribon_, where is what is called Mackinnon's cave,
+compared with which that at Ulinish[891] is inconsiderable. It is in a
+rock of a great height, close to the sea. Upon the left of its entrance
+there is a cascade, almost perpendicular from the top to the bottom of
+the rock. There is a tradition that it was conducted thither
+artificially, to supply the inhabitants of the cave with water. Dr.
+Johnson gave no credit to this tradition. As, on the one hand, his faith
+in the Christian religion is firmly founded upon good grounds; so, on
+the other, he is incredulous when there is no sufficient reason for
+belief[892]; being in this respect just the reverse of modern infidels,
+who, however nice and scrupulous in weighing the evidences of religion,
+are yet often so ready to believe the most absurd and improbable tales
+of another nature, that Lord Hailes well observed, a good essay might be
+written _Sur la crédulité des Incrédules_.
+
+The height of this cave I cannot tell with any tolerable exactness; but
+it seemed to be very lofty, and to be a pretty regular arch. We
+penetrated, by candlelight, a great way; by our measurement, no less
+than four hundred and eighty-five feet. Tradition says, that a piper and
+twelve men once advanced into this cave, nobody can tell how far; and
+never returned. At the distance to which we proceeded the air was quite
+pure; for the candle burned freely, without the least appearance of the
+flame growing globular; but as we had only one, we thought it dangerous
+to venture farther, lest, should it have been extinguished, we should
+have had no means of ascertaining whether we could remain without
+danger. Dr. Johnson said, this was the greatest natural curiosity he had
+ever seen.
+
+We saw the island of Staffa, at no very great distance, but could not
+land upon it, the surge was so high on its rocky coast[893].
+
+Sir Allan, anxious for the honour of Mull, was still talking of its
+_woods_, and pointing them out to Dr. Johnson, as appearing at a
+distance on the skirts of that island, as we sailed along. JOHNSON.
+'Sir, I saw at Tobermorie what they called a wood, which I unluckily
+took for _heath_. If you shew me what I shall take for _furze_, it will
+be something.'
+
+In the afternoon we went ashore on the coast of Mull, and partook of a
+cold repast, which we carried with us. We hoped to have procured some
+rum or brandy for our boatmen and servants, from a publick-house near
+where we landed; but unfortunately a funeral a few days before had
+exhausted all their store[894]. Mr. Campbell, however, one of the Duke
+of Argyle's tacksmen, who lived in the neighbourhood, on receiving a
+message from Sir Allan, sent us a liberal supply.
+
+We continued to coast along Mull, and passed by Nuns' Island, which, it
+is said, belonged to the nuns of Icolmkill, and from which, we were
+told, the stone for the buildings there was taken. As we sailed along by
+moon-light, in a sea somewhat rough, and often between black and gloomy
+rocks, Dr. Johnson said, 'If this be not _roving among the Hebrides_,
+nothing is[895]. The repetition of words which he had so often
+previously used, made a strong impression on my imagination; and, by a
+natural course of thinking, led me to consider how our present
+adventures would appear to me at a future period.
+
+I have often experienced, that scenes through which a man has passed,
+improve by lying in the memory: they grow mellow. _Acti labores sunt
+jucundi_[896]. This may be owing to comparing them with present listless
+ease. Even harsh scenes acquire a softness by length of time[897]; and
+some are like very loud sounds, which do not please, or at least do not
+please so much, till you are removed to a certain distance. They may be
+compared to strong coarse pictures, which will not bear to be viewed
+near. Even pleasing scenes improve by time, and seem more exquisite in
+recollection, than when they were present; if they have not faded to
+dimness in the memory. Perhaps, there is so much evil in every human
+enjoyment, when present,--so much dross mixed with it, that it requires
+to be refined by time; and yet I do not see why time should not melt
+away the good and the evil in equal proportions;--why the shade should
+decay, and the light remain in preservation.
+
+After a tedious sail, which, by our following various turnings of the
+coast of Mull, was extended to about forty miles, it gave us no small
+pleasure to perceive a light in the village at Icolmkill, in which
+almost all the inhabitants of the island live, close to where the
+ancient building stood. As we approached the shore, the tower of the
+cathedral, just discernible in the air, was a picturesque object.
+
+When we had landed upon the sacred place, which, as long as I can
+remember, I had thought on with veneration, Dr. Johnson and I cordially
+embraced. We had long talked of visiting Icolmkill; and, from the
+lateness of the season, were at times very doubtful whether we should be
+able to effect our purpose. To have seen it, even alone, would have
+given me great satisfaction; but the venerable scene was rendered much
+more pleasing by the company of my great and pious friend, who was no
+less affected by it than I was; and who has described the impressions it
+should make on the mind, with such strength of thought, and energy of
+language, that I shall quote his words, as conveying my own sensations
+much more forcibly than I am capable of doing:--
+
+'We were now treading that illustrious Island, which was once the
+luminary of the Caledonian regions, whence savage clans and roving
+barbarians derived the benefits of knowledge, and the blessings of
+religion. To abstract the mind from all local emotion would be
+impossible, if it were endeavoured, and would be foolish if it were
+possible. Whatever withdraws us from the power of our senses, whatever
+makes the past, the distant, or the future, predominate over the
+present, advances us in the dignity of thinking beings. Far from me, and
+from my friends, be such frigid philosophy as may conduct us indifferent
+and unmoved over any ground which has been dignified by wisdom, bravery,
+or virtue. That man is little to be envied, whose patriotism would not
+gain force upon the plain of _Marathon_, or whose piety would not grow
+warmer among the ruins of _Iona_[898]!'
+
+Upon hearing that Sir Allan M'Lean was arrived, the inhabitants, who
+still consider themselves as the people of M'Lean, to whom the island
+formerly belonged, though the Duke of Argyle has at present possession
+of it, ran eagerly to him.
+
+We were accommodated this night in a large barn, the island, affording
+no lodging that we should have liked so well. Some good hay was strewed
+at one end of it, to form a bed for us, upon which we lay with our
+clothes on; and we were furnished with blankets from the village[899].
+Each of us had a portmanteau for a pillow. When I awaked in the morning,
+and looked round me, I could not help smiling at the idea of the chief
+of the M'Leans, the great English Moralist, and myself, lying thus
+extended in such a situation.
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 20.
+
+Early in the morning we surveyed the remains of antiquity at this place,
+accompanied by an illiterate fellow, as _Cicerone_, who called himself a
+descendant of a cousin of Saint Columba, the founder of the religious
+establishment here. As I knew that many persons had already examined
+them, and as I saw Dr. Johnson inspecting and measuring several of the
+ruins of which he has since given so full an account, my mind was
+quiescent; and I resolved to stroll among them at my ease, to take no
+trouble to investigate minutely, and only receive the general impression
+of solemn antiquity, and the particular ideas of such objects as should
+of themselves strike my attention.
+
+We walked from the monastery of Nuns to the great church or cathedral,
+as they call it, along an old broken causeway. They told us, that this
+had been a street; and that there were good houses built on each side.
+Dr. Johnson doubted if it was any thing more than a paved road for the
+nuns. The convent of Monks, the great church, Oran's chapel, and four
+other chapels, are still to be discerned. But I must own that Icolmkill
+did not answer my expectations; for they were high, from what I had read
+of it, and still more from what I had heard and thought of it, from my
+earliest years. Dr. Johnson said, it came up to his expectations,
+because he had taken his impression from an account of it subjoined to
+Sacheverel's _History of the Isle of Man_[900], where it is said, there
+is not much to be seen here. We were both disappointed, when we were
+shewn what are called the monuments of the kings of Scotland, Ireland,
+and Denmark, and of a King of France. There are only some grave-stones
+flat on the earth, and we could see no inscriptions. How far short was
+this of marble monuments, like those in Westminster Abbey, which I had
+imagined here! The grave-stones of Sir Allan M'Lean's family, and of
+that of M'Quarrie, had as good an appearance as the royal grave-stones;
+if they were royal, we doubted.
+
+My easiness to give credit to what I heard in the course of our Tour was
+too great. Dr. Johnson's peculiar accuracy of investigation detected
+much traditional fiction, and many gross mistakes. It is not to be
+wondered at, that he was provoked by people carelessly telling him, with
+the utmost readiness and confidence, what he found, on questioning them
+a little more, was erroneous[901]. Of this there were innumerable
+instances.
+
+I left him and Sir Allan at breakfast in our barn, and stole back again
+to the cathedral, to indulge in solitude and devout meditation[902].
+While contemplating the venerable ruins, I refleeted with much
+satisfaction, that the solemn scenes of piety never lose their sanctity
+and influence, though the cares and follies of life may prevent us from
+visiting them, or may even make us fancy that their effects are only 'as
+yesterday, when it is past[903],' and never again to be perceived. I
+hoped, that, ever after having been in this holy place, I should
+maintain an exemplary conduct. One has a strange propensity to fix upon
+some point of time from whence a better course of life may begin[904].
+
+Being desirous to visit the opposite shore of the island, where Saint
+Columba is said to have landed, I procured a horse from one
+M'Ginnis[905], who ran along as my guide. The M'Ginnises are said to be
+a branch of the clan of M'Lean. Sir Allan had been told that this man
+had refused to send him some rum, at which the knight was in great
+indignation. 'You rascal! (said he,) don't you know that I can hang you,
+if I please?' Not adverting to the Chieftain's power over his clan, I
+imagined that Sir Allan had known of some capital crime that the fellow
+had committed, which he could discover, and so get him condemned; and
+said, 'How so?' 'Why, (said Sir Allan,) are they not all my people?'
+Sensible of my inadvertency, and most willing to contribute what I could
+towards the continuation of feudal authority, 'Very true,' said I. Sir
+Allan went on: 'Refuse to send rum to me, you rascal! Don't you know
+that, if I order you to go and cut a man's throat, you are to do it?'
+'Yes, an't please your honour! and my own too, and hang myself too.' The
+poor fellow denied that he had refused to send the rum. His making these
+professions was not merely a pretence in presence of his Chief; for
+after he and I were out of Sir Allan's hearing, he told me, 'Had he sent
+his dog for the rum, I would have given it: I would cut my bones for
+him.' It was very remarkable to find such an attachment to a Chief,
+though he had then no connection with the island, and had not been there
+for fourteen years. Sir Allan, by way of upbraiding the fellow, said, 'I
+believe you are a _Campbell_.'
+
+The place which I went to see is about two miles from the village. They
+call it _Portawherry_, from the wherry in which Columba came; though,
+when they shew the length of his vessel, as marked on the beach by two
+heaps of stones, they say, 'Here is the length of the _Currach_', using
+the Erse word.
+
+Icolmkill is a fertile island. The inhabitants export some cattle and
+grain; and I was told, they import nothing but iron and salt. They are
+industrious, and make their own woollen and linen cloth; and they brew a
+good deal of beer, which we did not find in any of the other
+islands[906].
+
+We set sail again about mid-day, and in the evening landed on Mull, near
+the house of the Reverend Mr. Neal M'Leod, who having been informed of
+our coming, by a message from Sir Allan, came out to meet us. We were
+this night very agreeably entertained at his house. Dr. Johnson observed
+to me, that he was the cleanest-headed man that he had met with in the
+Western islands. He seemed to be well acquainted with Dr. Johnson's
+writings, and courteously said, 'I have been often obliged to you,
+though I never had the pleasure of seeing you before.'
+
+He told us, he had lived for some time in St. Kilda, under the tuition
+of the minister or catechist there, and had there first read Horace and
+Virgil. The scenes which they describe must have been a strong contrast
+to the dreary waste around him.
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, OCTOBER 21.
+
+This morning the subject of politicks was introduced. JOHNSON. 'Pulteney
+was as paltry a fellow as could be[907]. He was a Whig, who pretended to
+be honest; and you know it is ridiculous for a Whig to pretend to be
+honest. He cannot hold it out[908].' He called Mr. Pitt a meteor; Sir
+Robert Walpole a fixed star[909]. He said, 'It is wonderful to think
+that all the force of government was required to prevent Wilkes from
+being chosen the chief magistrate of London[910], though the liverymen
+knew he would rob their shops,--knew he would debauch their
+daughters[911].'
+
+BOSWELL. 'The History of England is so strange, that, if it were not so
+well vouched as it is, it would hardly be credible.'
+
+JOHNSON. 'Sir, if it were told as shortly, and with as little
+preparation for introducing the different events, as the History of the
+Jewish Kings, it would be equally liable to objections of
+improbability.' Mr. M'Leod was much pleased with the justice and novelty
+of the thought. Dr. Johnson illustrated what he had said, as follows:
+'Take, as an instance, Charles the First's concessions to his
+parliament, which were greater and greater, in proportion as the
+parliament grew more insolent, and less deserving of trust. Had these
+concessions been related nakedly, without any detail of the
+circumstances which generally led to them, they would not have been
+believed.'
+
+Sir Allan M'Lean bragged, that Scotland had the advantage of England, by
+its having more water. JOHNSON. 'Sir, we would not have your water, to
+take the vile bogs which produce it. You have too much! A man who is
+drowned has more water than either of us;'--and then he laughed. (But
+this was surely robust sophistry: for the people of taste in England,
+who have seen Scotland, own that its variety of rivers and lakes makes
+it naturally more beautiful than England, in that respect.) Pursuing his
+victory over Sir Allan, he proceeded: 'Your country consists of two
+things, stone and water. There is, indeed, a little earth above the
+stone in some places, but a very little; and the stone is always
+appearing. It is like a man in rags; the naked skin is still
+peeping out.'
+
+He took leave of Mr. M'Leod, saying, 'Sir, I thank you for your
+entertainment, and your conversation.'
+
+Mr. Campbell, who had been so polite yesterday, came this morning on
+purpose to breakfast with us, and very obligingly furnished us with
+horses to proceed on our journey to Mr. M'Lean's of _Lochbuy_, where we
+were to pass the night. We dined at the house of Dr. Alexander M'Lean,
+another physician in Mull, who was so much struck with the uncommon
+conversation of Dr. Johnson, that he observed to me, 'This man is just a
+_hogshead_ of sense.'
+
+Dr. Johnson said of the _Turkish Spy_[912], which lay in the room, that
+it told nothing but what every body might have known at that time; and
+that what was good in it, did not pay you for the trouble of reading
+to find it.
+
+After a very tedious ride, through what appeared to me the most gloomy
+and desolate country I had ever beheld[913], we arrived, between seven
+and eight o'clock, at May, the seat of the Laird of _Lochbuy_. _Buy_, in
+Erse, signifies yellow, and I at first imagined that the loch or branch
+of the sea here, was thus denominated, in the same manner as the _Red
+Sea_; but I afterwards learned that it derived its name from a hill
+above it, which being of a yellowish hue has the epithet of _Buy_.
+
+We had heard much of Lochbuy's being a great roaring braggadocio, a kind
+of Sir John Falstaff, both in size and manners; but we found that they
+had swelled him up to a fictitious size, and clothed him with imaginary
+qualities. Col's idea of him was equally extravagant, though very
+different: he told us he was quite a Don Quixote; and said, he would
+give a great deal to sec him and Dr. Johnson together. The truth is,
+that Lochbuy proved to be only a bluff, comely, noisy old gentleman,
+proud of his hereditary consequence, and a very hearty and hospitable
+landlord. Lady Lochbuy was sister to Sir Allan M'Lean, but much older.
+He said to me, 'They are quite _Antediluvians_.' Being told that Dr.
+Johnson did not hear well, Lochbuy bawled out to him, 'Are you of the
+Johnstons of Glencro, or of Ardnamurchan[914]?' Dr. Johnson gave him a
+significant look, but made no answer; and I told Lochbuy that he was not
+Johns_ton_, but John_son_, and that he was an Englishman[915].  Lochbuy
+some years ago tried to prove himself a weak man, liable to imposition,
+or, as we term it in Scotland, a _facile_ man, in order to set aside a
+lease which he had granted; but failed in the attempt. On my mentioning
+this circumstance to Dr. Johnson, he seemed much surprized that such a
+suit was admitted by the Scottish law, and observed, that 'In England no
+man is allowed to _stultify_ himself[916].'
+
+Sir Allan, Lochbuy, and I, had the conversation chiefly to ourselves
+to-night: Dr. Johnson, being extremely weary, went to bed soon
+after supper.
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, OCTOBER 22.
+
+Before Dr. Johnson came to breakfast, Lady Lochbuy said, 'he was a
+_dungeon_ of wit;' a very common phrase in Scotland to express a
+profoundness of intellect, though he afterwards told me, that he never
+had heard it. She proposed that he should have some cold sheep's-head
+for breakfast. Sir Allan seemed displeased at his sister's vulgarity,
+and wondered how such a thought should come into her head. From a
+mischievous love of sport, I took the lady's part; and very gravely
+said, 'I think it is but fair to give him an offer of it. If he does not
+choose it, he may let it alone.' 'I think so,' said the lady, looking at
+her brother with an air of victory. Sir Allan, finding the matter
+desperate, strutted about the room, and took snuff. When Dr. Johnson
+came in, she called to him, 'Do you choose any cold sheep's-head, Sir?'
+'No, MADAM,' said he, with a tone of surprise and anger[917]. 'It is
+here, Sir,' said she, supposing he had refused it to save the trouble of
+bringing it in. They thus went on at cross purposes, till he confirmed
+his refusal in a manner not to be misunderstood; while I sat quietly by,
+and enjoyed my success.
+
+After breakfast, we surveyed the old castle, in the pit or dungeon of
+which Lochbuy had some years before taken upon him to imprison several
+persons[918]; and though he had been fined in a considerable sum by the
+Court of Justiciary, he was so little affected by it, that while we were
+examining the dungeon, he said to me, with a smile, 'Your father knows
+something of this;' (alluding to my father's having sat as one of the
+judges on his trial.) Sir Allan whispered me, that the laird could not
+be persuaded that he had lost his heritable jurisdiction[919].
+
+We then set out for the ferry, by which we were to cross to the main
+land of Argyleshire. Lochbuy and Sir Allan accompanied us. We were told
+much of a war-saddle, on which this reputed Don Quixote used to be
+mounted; but we did not see it, for the young laird had applied it to a
+less noble purpose, having taken it to Falkirk fair _with a drove of
+black cattle._ We bade adieu to Lochbuy, and to our very kind
+conductor[920], Sir Allan M'Lean, on the shore of Mull, and then got
+into the ferry-boat, the bottom of which was strewed with branches of
+trees or bushes, upon which we sat. We had a good day and a fine
+passage, and in the evening landed at Oban, where we found a tolerable
+inn. After having been so long confined at different times in islands,
+from which it was always uncertain when we could get away, it was
+comfortable to be now on the mainland, and to know that, if in health,
+we might get to any place in Scotland or England in a certain number
+of days.
+
+Here we discovered from the conjectures which were formed, that the
+people on the main land were entirely ignorant of our motions; for in a
+Glasgow newspaper we found a paragraph, which, as it contains a just
+and well-turned compliment to my illustrious friend, I shall
+here insert:--
+
+'We are well assured that Dr. Johnson is confined by tempestuous weather
+to the isle of Sky; it being unsafe to venture, in a small boat, upon
+such a stormy surge as is very common there at this time of the year.
+Such a philosopher, detained on an almost barren island, resembles a
+whale left upon the strand. The latter will be welcome to every body, on
+account of his oil, his bone, &c., and the other will charm his
+companions, and the rude inhabitants, with his superior knowledge and
+wisdom, calm resignation, and unbounded benevolence.'
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, OCTOBER 23.
+
+After a good night's rest, we breakfasted at our leisure. We talked of
+Goldsmith's _Traveller_, of which Dr. Johnson spoke highly; and, while I
+was helping him on with his great coat, he repeated from it the
+character of the British nation, which he did with such energy, that the
+tear started into his eye:--
+
+     'Stern o'er each bosom reason holds her state,
+      With daring aims irregularly great,
+      Pride in their port, defiance in their eye,
+      I see the lords of human kind pass by,
+      Intent on high designs, a thoughtful band,
+      By forms unfashion'd, fresh from nature's hand;
+      Fierce in their native hardiness of soul,
+      True to imagin'd right, above control,
+      While ev'n the peasant boasts these rights to scan,
+      And learns to venerate himself as man.'
+
+We could get but one bridle here, which, according to the maxim _detur
+digniori_, was appropriated to Dr. Johnson's sheltie. I and Joseph rode
+with halters. We crossed in a ferry-boat a pretty wide lake[921], and on
+the farther side of it, close by the shore, found a hut for our inn. We
+were much wet. I changed my clothes in part, and was at pains to get
+myself well dried. Dr. Johnson resolutely kept on all his clothes, wet
+as they were, letting them steam before the smoky turf fire. I thought
+him in the wrong; but his firmness was, perhaps, a species of heroism.
+
+I remember but little of our conversation. I mentioned Shenstone's
+saying of Pope, that he had the art of condensing sense more than any
+body[922]. Dr. Johnson said, 'It is not true, Sir. There is more sense
+in a line of Cowley than in a page (or a sentence, or ten lines,--I am
+not quite certain of the very phrase) of Pope.' He maintained that
+Archibald, Duke of Argyle[923], was a narrow man. I wondered at this;
+and observed, that his building so great a house at Inverary was not
+like a narrow man. 'Sir, (said he,) when a narrow man has resolved to
+build a house, he builds it like another man. But Archibald, Duke of
+Argyle, was narrow in his ordinary expences, in his quotidian
+expences.'
+
+The distinction is very just. It is in the ordinary expences of life
+that a man's liberality or narrowness is to be discovered. I never heard
+the word _quotidian_ in this sense, and I imagined it to be a word of
+Dr. Johnson's own fabrication; but I have since found it in _Young's
+Night Thoughts_, (Night fifth,)
+
+     'Death's a destroyer of quotidian prey,'
+
+and in my friend's _Dictionary_, supported by the authorities of Charles
+I. and Dr. Donne.
+
+It rained very hard as we journied on after dinner. The roar of torrents
+from the mountains, as we passed along in the dusk, and the other
+circumstances attending our ride in the evening, have been mentioned
+with so much animation by Dr. Johnson, that I shall not attempt to say
+any thing on the subject[924].
+
+We got at night to Inverary, where we found an excellent inn. Even here,
+Dr. Johnson would not change his wet clothes.
+
+The prospect of good accommodation cheered us much. We supped well; and
+after supper, Dr. Johnson, whom I had not seen taste any fermented
+liquor during all our travels, called for a gill of whiskey. 'Come,
+(said he,) let me know what it is that makes a Scotchman happy[925]!' He
+drank it all but a drop, which I begged leave to pour into my glass,
+that I might say we had drunk whisky together. I proposed Mrs. Thrale
+should be our toast. He would not have _her_ drunk in whisky, but rather
+'some insular lady;' so we drank one of the ladies whom we had lately
+left. He owned to-night, that he got as good a room and bed as at an
+English inn.
+
+I had here the pleasure of finding a letter from home, which relieved me
+from the anxiety I had suffered, in consequence of not having received
+any account of my family for many weeks. I also found a letter from Mr.
+Garrick, which was a regale[926] as agreeable as a pine-apple would be
+in a desert[927]. He had favoured me with his correspondence for many
+years; and when Dr. Johnson and I were at Inverness, I had written to
+him as follows:--
+
+     Inverness,
+     Sunday, 29 August, 1773.
+
+     MY DEAR SIR,
+
+'Here I am, and Mr. Samuel Johnson actually with me. We were a night at
+Fores, in coming to which, in the dusk of the evening, we passed over
+the bleak and blasted heath where Macbeth met the witches[928]. Your old
+preceptor[929] repeated, with much solemnity, the speech--
+
+     "How far is't called to Fores?  What are these,
+      So wither'd and so wild in their attire," &c.
+
+This day we visited the ruins of Macbeth's castle at Inverness. I have
+had great romantick satisfaction in seeing Johnson upon the classical
+scenes of Shakspeare in Scotland; which I really looked upon as almost
+as improbable as that "Birnam wood should come to Dunsinane[930]."
+Indeed, as I have always been accustomed to view him as a permanent
+London object, it would not be much more wonderful to me to see St.
+Paul's Church moving along where we now are. As yet we have travelled
+in post-chaises; but to-morrow we are to mount on horseback, and ascend
+into the mountains by Fort Augustus, and so on to the ferry, where we
+are to cross to Sky. We shall see that island fully, and then visit some
+more of the Hebrides; after which we are to land in Argyleshire, proceed
+by Glasgow to Auchinleck, repose there a competent time, and then return
+to Edinburgh, from whence the Rambler will depart for old England again,
+as soon as he finds it convenient. Hitherto we have had a very
+prosperous expedition. I flatter myself, _servetur ad imum, qualis ab
+incepto processerit_[931]. He is in excellent spirits, and I have a rich
+journal of his conversation. Look back, Davy[932], to Litchfield,--run
+up through the time that has elapsed since you first knew Mr.
+Johnson,--and enjoy with me his present extraordinary Tour. I could not
+resist the impulse of writing to you from this place. The situation of
+the old castle corresponds exactly to Shakspeare's description. While we
+were there to-day[933], it happened oddly, that a raven perched upon one
+of the chimney-tops, and croaked. Then I in my turn repeated--
+
+     "The raven himself is hoarse,
+      That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan,
+      Under my battlements."
+
+'I wish you had been with us. Think what enthusiastick happiness I shall
+have to see Mr. Samuel Johnson walking among the romantick rocks and
+woods of my ancestors at Auchinleck[934]! Write to me at Edinburgh. You
+owe me his verses on great George and tuneful Cibber, and the bad verses
+which led him to make his fine ones on Philips the musician[935]. Keep
+your promise, and let me have them. I offer my very best compliments to
+Mrs. Garrick, and ever am,
+
+     'Your warm admirer and friend,
+
+     'JAMES BOSWELL.'
+
+'_To David Garrick, Esq., London._'
+
+His answer was as follows:--
+
+     'Hampton, September 14, 1773.
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+
+'You stole away from London, and left us all in the lurch; for we
+expected you one night at the club, and knew nothing of your departure.
+Had I payed you what I owed you, for the book you bought for me, I
+should only have grieved for the loss of your company, and slept with a
+quiet conscience; but, wounded as it is, it must remain so till I see
+you again, though I am sure our good friend Mr. Johnson will discharge
+the debt for me, if you will let him. Your account of your journey to
+_Fores_, the _raven_, _old castle_, &c., &c., made me half mad. Are you
+not rather too late in the year for fine weather, which is the life and
+soul of seeing places? I hope your pleasure will continue _qualis ab
+incepto_, &c.
+
+'Your friend[936] ------ threatens me much. I only wish that he would
+put his threats in execution, and, if he prints his play, I will forgive
+him. I remember he complained to you, that his bookseller called for the
+money for some copies of his ------, which I subscribed for, and that I
+desired him to call again. The truth is, that my wife was not at
+home[937], and that for weeks together I have not ten shillings in my
+pocket.--However, had it been otherwise, it was not so great a crime to
+draw his poetical vengeance upon me. I despise all that he can do, and
+am glad that I can so easily get rid of him and his ingratitude. I am
+hardened both to abuse and ingratitude.
+
+'You, I am sure, will no more recommend your poetasters to my civility
+and good offices.
+
+'Shall I recommend to you a play of Eschylus, (the Prometheus,)
+published and translated by poor old Morell, who is a good scholar[938],
+and an acquaintance of mine? It will be but half a guinea, and your name
+shall be put in the list I am making for him. You will be in very
+good company.
+
+'Now for the Epitaphs!
+
+[_These, together with the verses on George the Second, and Colley
+Cibber, as his Poet Laureat, of which imperfect copies are gone about,
+will appear in my Life of Dr. Johnson[939]._]
+
+'I have no more paper, or I should have said more to you. My love[940]
+and respects to Mr. Johnson.
+
+'Yours ever,
+
+'D. GARRICK.'
+
+'I can't write. I have the gout in my hand.'
+
+'_To James Boswell, Esq., Edinburgh._'
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, OCTOBER 24.
+
+We passed the forenoon calmly and placidly. I prevailed on Dr. Johnson
+to read aloud Ogden's sixth sermon on Prayer, which he did with a
+distinct expression, and pleasing solemnity. He praised my favourite
+preacher, his elegant language, and remarkable acuteness; and said, he
+fought infidels with their own weapons.
+
+As a specimen of Ogden's manner, I insert the following passage from the
+sermon which Dr. Johnson now read. The preacher, after arguing against
+that vain philosophy which maintains, in conformity with the hard
+principle of eternal necessity, or unchangeable predetermination, that
+the only effect of prayer for others, although we are exhorted to pray
+for them, is to produce good dispositions in ourselves towards them;
+thus expresses himself:--
+
+'A plain man may be apt to ask, But if this then, though enjoined in the
+holy scriptures, is to be my real aim and intention, when I am taught to
+pray for other persons, why is it that I do not plainly so express it?
+Why is not the form of the petition brought nearer to the meaning? Give
+them, say I to our heavenly father, what is good. But this, I am to
+understand, will be as it will be, and is not for me to alter. What is
+it then that I am doing? I am desiring to become charitable myself; and
+why may I not plainly say so? Is there shame in it, or impiety? The wish
+is laudable: why should I form designs to hide it?
+
+'Or is it, perhaps, better to be brought about by indirect means, and in
+this artful manner? Alas! who is it that I would impose on? From whom
+can it be, in this commerce, that I desire to hide any thing? When, as
+my Saviour commands me, I have _entered into my closet, and shut my
+door_, there are but two parties privy to my devotions, GOD and my own
+heart; which of the two am I deceiving?'
+
+He wished to have more books, and, upon inquiring if there were any in
+the house, was told that a waiter had some, which were brought to him;
+but I recollect none of them, except Hervey's _Meditations_. He thought
+slightingly of this admired book. He treated it with ridicule, and would
+not allow even the scene of the dying Husband and Father to be
+pathetick[941]. I am not an impartial judge; for Hervey's _Meditations_
+engaged my affections in my early years. He read a passage concerning
+the moon, ludicrously, and shewed how easily he could, in the same
+style, make reflections on that planet, the very reverse of
+Hervey's[942], representing her as treacherous to mankind. He did this
+with much humour; but I have not preserved the particulars. He then
+indulged a playful fancy, in making a _Meditation on a Pudding_[943], of
+which I hastily wrote down, in his presence, the following note; which,
+though imperfect, may serve to give my readers some idea of it.
+
+MEDITATION ON A PUDDING.
+
+'Let us seriously reflect of what a pudding is composed. It is composed
+of flour that once waved in the golden grain, and drank the dews of the
+morning; of milk pressed from the swelling udder by the gentle hand of
+the beauteous milk-maid, whose beauty and innocence might have
+recommended a worse draught; who, while she stroked the udder, indulged
+no ambitious thoughts of wandering in palaces, formed no plans for the
+destruction of her fellow-creatures: milk, which is drawn from the cow,
+that useful animal, that eats the grass of the field, and supplies us
+with that which made the greatest part of the food of mankind in the age
+which the poets have agreed to call golden. It is made with an egg, that
+miracle of nature, which the theoretical Burnet[944] has compared to
+creation. An egg contains water within its beautiful smooth surface; and
+an unformed mass, by the incubation of the parent, becomes a regular
+animal, furnished with bones and sinews, and covered with feathers. Let
+us consider; can there be more wanting to complete the Meditation on a
+Pudding? If more is wanting, more may be found. It contains salt, which
+keeps the sea from putrefaction: salt, which is made the image of
+intellectual excellence, contributes to the formation of a pudding.'
+
+In a Magazine I found a saying of Dr. Johnson's, something to this
+purpose; that the happiest part of a man's life is what he passes lying
+awake in bed in the morning. I read it to him. He said, 'I may, perhaps,
+have said this; for nobody, at times, talks more laxly than I do[945].'
+I ventured to suggest to him, that this was dangerous from one of his
+authority.
+
+I spoke of living in the country, and upon what footing one should be
+with neighbours. I observed that some people were afraid of being on too
+easy a footing with them, from an apprehension that their time would not
+be their own. He made the obvious remark, that it depended much on what
+kind of neighbours one has, whether it was desirable to be on an easy
+footing with them, or not. I mentioned a certain baronet, who told me,
+he never was happy in the country, till he was not on speaking terms
+with his neighbours, which he contrived in different ways to bring
+about. 'Lord ----------(said he) stuck long; but at last the fellow
+pounded my pigs, and then I got rid of him.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir, My Lord
+got rid of Sir John, and shewed how little he valued him, by putting his
+pigs in the pound.'
+
+I told Dr. Johnson I was in some difficulty how to act at Inverary. I
+had reason to think that the Duchess of Argyle disliked me, on account
+of my zeal in the Douglas cause[946]; but the Duke of Argyle had always
+been pleased to treat me with great civility. They were now at the
+castle, which is a very short walk from our inn; and the question was,
+whether I should go and pay my respects there. Dr. Johnson, to whom I
+had stated the case, was clear that I ought; but, in his usual way, he
+was very shy of discovering a desire to be invited there himself. Though
+from a conviction of the benefit of subordination[947] to society, he
+has always shewn great respect to persons of high rank, when he happened
+to be in their company, yet his pride of character has ever made him
+guard against any appearance of courting the great. Besides, he was
+impatient to go to Glasgow, where he expected letters. At the same time
+he was, I believe, secretly not unwilling to have attention paid him by
+so great a Chieftain, and so exalted a nobleman. He insisted that I
+should not go to the castle this day before dinner, as it would look
+like seeking an invitation. 'But, (said I,) if the Duke invites us to
+dine with him to-morrow, shall we accept?' 'Yes, Sir;' I think he said,
+'to be sure.' But, he added, 'He won't ask us!' I mentioned, that I was
+afraid my company might be disagreeable to the duchess. He treated this
+objection with a manly disdain: '_That_, Sir, he must settle with his
+wife.' We dined well. I went to the castle just about the time when I
+supposed the ladies would be retired from dinner. I sent in my name;
+and, being shewn in, found the amiable Duke sitting at the head of his
+table with several gentlemen. I was most politely received, and gave his
+grace some particulars of the curious journey which I had been making
+with Dr. Johnson. When we rose from table, the Duke said to me, 'I hope
+you and Dr. Johnson will dine with us to-morrow.' I thanked his grace;
+but told him, my friend was in a great hurry to get back to London. The
+Duke, with a kind complacency, said, 'He will stay one day; and I will
+take care he shall see this place to advantage.' I said, I should be
+sure to let him know his grace's invitation. As I was going away, the
+Duke said, 'Mr. Boswell, won't you have some tea ?' I thought it best to
+get over the meeting with the duchess this night; so respectfully
+agreed. I was conducted to the drawing room by the Duke, who announced
+my name; but the duchess, who was sitting with her daughter, Lady Betty
+Hamilton[948], and some other ladies, took not the least notice of me. I
+should have been mortified at being thus coldly received by a lady of
+whom I, with the rest of the world, have always entertained a very high
+admiration, had I not been consoled by the obliging attention of
+the Duke.
+
+When I returned to the inn, I informed Dr. Johnson of the Duke of
+Argyle's invitation, with which he was much pleased, and readily
+accepted of it. We talked of a violent contest which was then carrying
+on, with a view to the next general election for Ayrshire; where one of
+the candidates, in order to undermine the old and established interest,
+had artfully held himself out as a champion for the independency of the
+county against aristocratick influence, and had persuaded several
+gentlemen into a resolution to oppose every candidate who was supported
+by peers[949]. 'Foolish fellows! (said Dr. Johnson), don't they see that
+they are as much dependent upon the Peers one way as the other. The
+Peers have but to _oppose_ a candidate to ensure him success. It is said
+the only way to make a pig go forward, is to pull him back by the tail.
+These people must be treated like pigs.'
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, OCTOBER 25.
+
+My acquaintance, the Reverend Mr. John M'Aulay[950], one of the
+Ministers of Inverary, and brother to our good friend at Calder[951],
+came to us this morning, and accompanied us to the castle, where I
+presented Dr. Johnson to the Duke of Argyle. We were shewn through the
+house; and I never shall forget the impression made upon my fancy by
+some of the ladies' maids tripping about in neat morning dresses. After
+seeing for a long time little but rusticity, their lively manner, and
+gay inviting appearance, pleased me so much, that I thought, for the
+moment, I could have been a knight-errant for them[952].
+
+We then got into a low one-horse chair, ordered for us by the Duke, in
+which we drove about the place. Dr. Johnson was much struck by the
+grandeur and elegance of this princely seat. He thought, however, the
+castle too low, and wished it had been a story higher. He said, 'What I
+admire here, is the total defiance of expence.' I had a particular pride
+in shewing him a great number of fine old trees, to compensate for the
+nakedness which had made such an impression on him on the eastern coast
+of Scotland.
+
+When we came in, before dinner, we found the duke and some gentlemen in
+the hall. Dr. Johnson took much notice of the large collection of arms,
+which are excellently disposed there. I told what he had said to Sir
+Alexander M'Donald, of his ancestors not suffering their arms to
+rust[953]. 'Well, (said the doctor,) but let us be glad we live in times
+when arms _may_ rust. We can sit to-day at his grace's table, without
+any risk of being attacked, and perhaps sitting down again wounded or
+maimed.' The duke placed Dr. Johnson next himself at table. I was in
+fine spirits; and though sensible that I had the misfortune of not being
+in favour with the duchess, I was not in the least disconcerted, and
+offered her grace some of the dish that was before me. It must be owned
+that I was in the right to be quite unconcerned, if I could. I was the
+Duke of Argyle's guest; and I had no reason to suppose that he adopted
+the prejudices and resentments of the Duchess of Hamilton.
+
+I knew it was the rule of modern high life not to drink to any body; but
+that I might have the satisfaction for once to look the duchess in the
+face, with a glass in my hand, I with a respectful air addressed
+her,--'My Lady Duchess, I have the honour to drink your grace's good
+health.' I repeated the words audibly, and with a steady countenance.
+This was, perhaps, rather too much; but some allowance must be made for
+human feelings.
+
+The duchess was very attentive to Dr. Johnson. I know not how a _middle
+state[954]_ came to be mentioned. Her grace wished to hear him on that
+point. 'Madam, (said he,) your own relation, Mr. Archibald Campbell, can
+tell you better about it than I can. He was a bishop of the nonjuring
+communion, and wrote a book upon the subject[955].' He engaged to get it
+for her grace. He afterwards gave a full history of Mr. Archibald
+Campbell, which I am sorry I do not recollect particularly. He said, Mr.
+Campbell had been bred a violent Whig, but afterwards 'kept better
+company, and became a Tory.' He said this with a smile, in pleasant
+allusion, as I thought, to the opposition between his own political
+principles and those of the duke's clan. He added that Mr. Campbell,
+after the revolution, was thrown into gaol on account of his tenets;
+but, on application by letter to the old Lord Townshend[956], was
+released; that he always spoke of his Lordship with great gratitude,
+saying, 'though a _Whig_, he had humanity.'
+
+Dr. Johnson and I passed some time together, in June 1784[957], at
+Pembroke College, Oxford, with the Reverend Dr. Adams, the master; and I
+having expressed a regret that my note relative to Mr. Archibald
+Campbell was imperfect, he was then so good as to write with his own
+hand, on the blank page of my _Journal_, opposite to that which contains
+what I have now mentioned, the following paragraph; which, however, is
+not quite so full as the narrative he gave at Inverary:--
+
+'_The Honourable_ ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL _was, I believe, the Nephew[958] of
+the Marquis of Argyle. He began life by engaging in Monmouth's
+rebellion, and, to escape the law, lived some time in Surinam. When he
+returned, he became zealous for episcopacy and monarchy; and at the
+Revolution adhered not only to the Nonjurors, but to those who refused
+to communicate with the Church of England, or to be present at any
+worship where the usurper was mentioned as king. He was, I believe, more
+than once apprehended in the reign of King William, and once at the
+accession of George. He was the familiar friend of Hicks[959] and
+Nelson[960]; a man of letters, but injudicious; and very curious and
+inquisitive, but credulous. He lived[961] in 1743, or 44, about 75 years
+old.'_  The subject of luxury having been introduced, Dr. Johnson
+defended it. 'We have now (said he) a splendid dinner before us; which
+of all these dishes is unwholesome?' The duke asserted, that he had
+observed the grandees of Spain diminished in their size by luxury. Dr.
+Johnson politely refrained from opposing directly an observation which
+the duke himself had made; but said, 'Man must be very different from
+other animals, if he is diminished by good living; for the size of all
+other animals is increased by it[962].' I made some remark that seemed
+to imply a belief in _second sight_. The duchess said, 'I fancy you will
+be a _Methodist_.' This was the only sentence her grace deigned to utter
+to me; and I take it for granted, she thought it a good hit on my
+_credulity_ in the Douglas cause.
+
+A gentleman in company, after dinner, was desired by the duke to go to
+another room, for a specimen of curious marble, which his grace wished
+to shew us. He brought a wrong piece, upon which the duke sent him back
+again. He could not refuse; but, to avoid any appearance of servility,
+he whistled as he walked out of the room, to shew his independency. On
+my mentioning this afterwards to Dr. Johnson, he said, it was a nice
+trait of character.
+
+Dr. Johnson talked a great deal, and was so entertaining, that Lady
+Betty Hamilton, after dinner, went and placed her chair close to his,
+leaned upon the back of it, and listened eagerly. It would have made a
+fine picture to have drawn the Sage and her at this time in their
+several attitudes. He did not know, all the while, how much he was
+honoured. I told him afterwards. I never saw him so gentle and
+complaisant as this day.
+
+We went to tea. The duke and I walked up and down the drawing-room,
+conversing. The duchess still continued to shew the same marked coldness
+for me; for which, though I suffered from it, I made every allowance,
+considering the very warm part that I had taken for Douglas, in the
+cause in which she thought her son deeply interested. Had not her grace
+discovered some displeasure towards me, I should have suspected her of
+insensibility or dissimulation.
+
+Her grace made Dr. Johnson come and sit by her, and asked him why he
+made his journey so late in the year. 'Why, madam, (said he,) you know
+Mr. Boswell must attend the Court of Session, and it does not rise till
+the twelfth of August.' She said, with some sharpness, 'I _know nothing_
+of Mr. Boswell.' Poor Lady Lucy Douglas[963], to whom I mentioned this,
+observed, 'She knew _too much_ of Mr. Boswell.' I shall make no remark
+on her grace's speech. I indeed felt it as rather too severe; but when I
+recollected that my punishment was inflicted by so dignified a beauty, I
+had that kind of consolation which a man would feel who is strangled by
+a _silken cord_. Dr. Johnson was all attention to her grace. He used
+afterwards a droll expression, upon her enjoying the three titles of
+Hamilton, Brandon, and Argyle[964]. Borrowing an image from the Turkish
+empire, he called her a _Duchess_ with _three tails_.
+
+He was much pleased with our visit at the castle of Inverary. The Duke
+of Argyle was exceedingly polite to him, and upon his complaining of the
+shelties which he had hitherto ridden being too small for him, his grace
+told him he should be provided with a good horse to carry him next day.
+
+Mr. John M'Aulay passed the evening with us at our inn. When Dr. Johnson
+spoke of people whose principles were good, but whose practice was
+faulty, Mr. M'Aulay said, he had no notion of people being in earnest in
+their good professions, whose practice was not suitable to them. The
+Doctor grew warm, and said, 'Sir, you are so grossly ignorant of human
+nature, as not to know that a man may be very sincere in good
+principles, without having good practice[965]!'
+
+Dr. Johnson was unquestionably in the right; and whoever examines
+himself candidly, will be satisfied of it, though the inconsistency
+between principles and practice is greater in some men than in others.
+
+I recollect very little of this night's conversation. I am sorry that
+indolence came upon me towards the conclusion of our journey, so that I
+did not write down what passed with the same assiduity as during the
+greatest part of it.
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, OCTOBER 26.
+
+Mr. M'Aulay breakfasted with us, nothing hurt or dismayed by his last
+night's correction. Being a man of good sense, he had a just admiration
+of Dr. Johnson.
+
+Either yesterday morning, or this, I communicated to Dr. Johnson, from
+Mr. M'Aulay's information, the news that Dr. Beattie had got a pension
+of two hundred pounds a year[966]. He sat up in his bed, clapped his
+hands, and cried, 'O brave we[967]!'--a peculiar exclamation of his
+when he rejoices[968].
+
+As we sat over our tea, Mr. Home's tragedy of _Douglas_ was mentioned. I
+put Dr. Johnson in mind, that once, in a coffee house at Oxford, he
+called to old Mr. Sheridan, 'How came you, Sir, to give Home a gold
+medal for writing that foolish play?' and defied Mr. Sheridan to shew
+ten good lines in it. He did not insist they should be together; but
+that there were not ten good lines in the whole play[969]. He now
+persisted in this. I endeavoured to defend that pathetick and beautiful
+tragedy, and repeated the following passage:--
+
+     --'Sincerity,
+     Thou first of virtues! let no mortal leave
+     Thy onward path, although the earth should gape,
+     And from the gulph of hell destruction cry,
+     To take dissimulation's winding way[970].'
+
+JOHNSON. 'That will not do, Sir. Nothing is good but what is consistent
+with truth or probability, which this is not. Juvenal, indeed, gives us
+a noble picture of inflexible virtue:--
+
+     "Esto bonus miles, tutor bonus, arbiter idem
+     Integer: ambiguae si quando citabere testis,
+     Incertaeque rei, Phalaris licet imperet ut sis,
+     Falsus, et admoto dictet perjuria tauro,
+     Summum crede nefas animam praeferre pudori,
+     Et propter vitam vivendi perdere causas[2]."'
+
+He repeated the lines with great force and dignity; then
+added, 'And, after this, comes Johnny Home, with his _earth
+gaping_, and his _destruction crying_:--Pooh[971]!'
+
+While we were lamenting the number of ruined religious buildings which
+we had lately seen, I spoke with peculiar feeling of the miserable
+neglect of the chapel belonging to the palace of Holyrood-house, in
+which are deposited the remains of many of the Kings of Scotland, and
+many of our nobility. I said, it was a disgrace to the country that it
+was not repaired: and particularly complained that my friend Douglas,
+the representative of a great house and proprietor of a vast estate,
+should suffer the sacred spot where his mother lies interred, to be
+unroofed, and exposed to all the inclemencies of the weather. Dr.
+Johnson, who, I know not how, had formed an opinion on the Hamilton
+side, in the Douglas cause, slily answered, 'Sir, Sir, don't be too
+severe upon the gentleman; don't accuse him of want of filial piety!
+Lady Jane Douglas was not _his_ mother.' He roused my zeal so much that
+I took the liberty to tell him he knew nothing of the cause: which I do
+most seriously believe was the case[972].
+
+We were now 'in a country of bridles and saddles[973],' and set out
+fully equipped. The Duke of Argyle was obliging enough to mount Dr.
+Johnson on a stately steed from his grace's stable. My friend was highly
+pleased, and Joseph said, 'He now looks like a bishop.'
+
+We dined at the inn at Tarbat, and at night came to Rosedow, the
+beautiful seat of Sir James Colquhoun, on the banks of Lochlomond, where
+I, and any friends whom I have introduced, have ever been received with
+kind and elegant hospitality.
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 27.
+
+When I went into Dr. Johnson's room this morning, I observed to him how
+wonderfully courteous he had been at Inveraray, and said, 'You were
+quite a fine gentleman, when with the duchess.' He answered, in good
+humour, 'Sir, I look upon myself as a very polite man:' and he was
+right, in a proper manly sense of the word[974]. As an immediate proof
+of it, let me observe, that he would not send back the Duke of Argyle's
+horse without a letter of thanks, which I copied.
+
+'TO HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF ARGYLE.
+
+'MY LORD,
+
+'That kindness which disposed your grace to supply me with the horse,
+which I have now returned, will make you pleased to hear that he has
+carried me well.
+
+'By my diligence in the little commission with which I was honoured by
+the duchess[975], I will endeavour to shew how highly I value the
+favours which I have received, and how much I desire to be thought,
+
+'My Lord,
+
+'Your Grace's most obedient,
+
+'And most humble servant,
+
+'SAM. JOHNSON.'
+
+'Rosedow, Oct. 29, 1773.'
+
+The duke was so attentive to his respectable[976] guest, that on the
+same day, he wrote him an answer, which was received at Auchinleck:--
+
+'TO DR. JOHNSON, AUCHINLECK, AYRSHIRE.
+
+'SIR,  'I am glad to hear your journey from this place was not
+unpleasant, in regard to your horse. I wish I could have supplied you
+with good weather, which I am afraid you felt the want of.
+
+'The Duchess of Argyle desires her compliments to you, and is much
+obliged to you for remembering her commission.
+
+'I am, Sir,
+
+'Your most obedient humble servant,
+
+'ARGYLE.'
+
+'Inveraray, Oct. 29, 1773.'
+
+I am happy to insert every memorial of the honour done to my great
+friend. Indeed, I was at all times desirous to preserve the letters
+which he received from eminent persons, of which, as of all other
+papers, he was very negligent; and I once proposed to him, that they
+should be committed to my care, as his _Custos Rotulorum_. I wish he had
+complied with my request, as by that means many valuable writings might
+have been preserved, that are now lost[977].
+
+After breakfast, Dr. Johnson and I were furnished with a boat, and
+sailed about upon Lochlomond, and landed on some of the islands which
+are interspersed[978]. He was much pleased with the scene, which is so
+well known by the accounts of various travellers, that it is unnecessary
+for me to attempt any description of it.
+
+I recollect none of his conversation, except that, when talking of
+dress, he said, 'Sir, were I to have any thing fine, it should be very
+fine. Were I to wear a ring, it should not be a bauble, but a stone of
+great value. Were I to wear a laced or embroidered waistcoat, it should
+be very rich. I had once a very rich laced waistcoat, which I wore the
+first night of my tragedy[979].'  Lady Helen Colquhoun being a very
+pious woman, the conversation, after dinner, took a religious turn. Her
+ladyship defended the presbyterian mode of publick worship; upon which
+Dr. Johnson delivered those excellent arguments for a form of prayer
+which he has introduced into his _Journey_[980]. I am myself fully
+convinced that a form of prayer for publick worship is in general most
+decent and edifying. _Solennia verba_ have a kind of prescriptive
+sanctity, and make a deeper impression on the mind than extemporaneous
+effusions, in which, as we know not what they are to be, we cannot
+readily acquiesce. Yet I would allow also of a certain portion of
+extempore address, as occasion may require. This is the practice of the
+French Protestant churches. And although the office of forming
+supplications to the throne of Heaven is, in my mind, too great a trust
+to be indiscriminately committed to the discretion of every minister, I
+do not mean to deny that sincere devotion may be experienced when
+joining in prayer with those who use no Liturgy.
+
+We were favoured with Sir James Colquhoun's coach to convey us in the
+evening to Cameron, the seat of Commissary Smollet[981]. Our
+satisfaction of finding ourselves again in a comfortable carriage was
+very great. We had a pleasing conviction of the commodiousness of
+civilization, and heartily laughed at the ravings of those absurd
+visionaries who have attempted to persuade us of the superior advantages
+of a _state of nature_[982].
+
+Mr. Smollet was a man of considerable learning, with abundance of animal
+spirits; so that he was a very good companion for Dr. Johnson, who said
+to me, 'We have had more solid talk here than at any place where we
+have been.'
+
+I remember Dr. Johnson gave us this evening an able and eloquent
+discourse on the _Origin of Evil_[983], and on the consistency of moral
+evil with the power and goodness of GOD. He shewed us how it arose from
+our free agency, an extinction of which would be a still greater evil
+than any we experience. I know not that he said any thing absolutely
+new, but he said a great deal wonderfully well; and perceiving us to be
+delighted and satisfied, he concluded his harangue with an air of
+benevolent triumph over an objection which has distressed many worthy
+minds: 'This then is the answer to the question, _Pothen to Kakon_?'
+Mrs. Smollet whispered me, that it was the best sermon she had ever
+heard. Much do I upbraid myself for having neglected to preserve it.
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, OCTOBER 28.
+
+Mr. Smollet pleased Dr. Johnson, by producing a collection of
+newspapers in the time of the Usurpation, from which it appeared that
+all sorts of crimes were very frequent during that horrible anarchy. By
+the side of the high road to Glasgow, at some distance from his house,
+he had erected a pillar to the memory of his ingenious kinsman, Dr.
+Smollet; and he consulted Dr. Johnson as to an inscription for it. Lord
+Kames, who, though he had a great store of knowledge, with much
+ingenuity, and uncommon activity of mind, was no profound scholar, had
+it seems recommended an English inscription[984]. Dr. Johnson treated
+this with great contempt, saying, 'An English inscription would be a
+disgrace to Dr. Smollet[985];' and, in answer to what Lord Kames had
+urged, as to the advantage of its being in English, because it would be
+generally understood, I observed, that all to whom Dr. Smollet's merit
+could be an object of respect and imitation, would understand it as well
+in Latin; and that surely it was not meant for the Highland drovers, or
+other such people, who pass and repass that way.
+
+We were then shewn a Latin inscription, proposed for this monument. Dr.
+Johnson sat down with an ardent and liberal earnestness to revise it,
+and greatly improved it by several additions and variations. I
+unfortunately did not take a copy of it, as it originally stood; but I
+have happily preserved every fragment of what Dr. Johnson wrote:--
+
+    Quisquis ades, viator[986],
+    Vel mente felix, vel studiis cultus,
+    Immorare paululum memoriae
+    TOBIAE SMOLLET, M.D.
+    Viri iis virtutibus
+    Quas in homine et cive
+    Et laudes, et imiteris,
+
+    Postquam mira--
+    Se ----
+
+    Tali tantoque viro, suo patrueli,
+
+    Hanc columnam,
+    Amoris eheu! inane monumentum,
+    In ipsis Leviniae ripis,
+    Quas primis infans vagitibus personuit,
+    Versiculisque jam fere moriturus illustravit[987],
+    Ponendam curavit[988].
+
+We had this morning a singular proof of Dr. Johnson's quick and
+retentive memory. Hay's translation of _Martial_ was lying in a window.
+I said, I thought it was pretty well done, and shewed him a particular
+epigram, I think, of ten, but am certain of eight, lines. He read it,
+and tossed away the book, saying--'No, it is not pretty well.' As I
+persisted in my opinion, he said, 'Why, Sir, the original is
+thus,'--(and he repeated it;) 'and this man's translation is thus,'--and
+then he repeated that also, exactly, though he had never seen it before,
+and read it over only once, and that too, without any intention of
+getting it by heart[989].
+
+Here a post-chaise, which I had ordered from Glasgow, came for us, and
+we drove on in high spirits. We stopped at Dunbarton, and though the
+approach to the castle there is very steep, Dr. Johnson ascended it with
+alacrity, and surveyed all that was to be seen. During the whole of our
+Tour he shewed uncommon spirit, could not bear to be treated like an old
+or infirm man, and was very unwilling to accept of any assistance,
+insomuch that, at our landing at Icolmkill, when Sir Allan M'Lean and I
+submitted to be carried on men's shoulders from the boat to the shore,
+as it could not be brought quite close to land, he sprang into the sea,
+and waded vigorously out.  On our arrival at the Saracen's Head Inn, at
+Glasgow, I was made happy by good accounts from home; and Dr. Johnson,
+who had not received a single letter since we left Aberdeen[990], found
+here a great many, the perusal of which entertained him much. He enjoyed
+in imagination the comforts which we could now command, and seemed to be
+in high glee. I remember, he put a leg up on each side of the grate, and
+said, with a mock solemnity, by way of soliloquy, but loud enough for me
+to hear it, 'Here am I, an ENGLISH man, sitting by a _coal_ fire.'
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, OCTOBER 29.
+
+The professors[991] of the University being informed of our arrival, Dr.
+Stevenson, Dr. Reid[992], and Mr. Anderson breakfasted with us. Mr.
+Anderson accompanied us while Dr. Johnson viewed this beautiful city. He
+had told me, that one day in London, when Dr. Adam Smith was boasting of
+it, he turned to him and said, 'Pray, Sir, have you ever seen
+Brentford[993]?' This was surely a strong instance of his impatience,
+and spirit of contradiction. I put him in mind of it to-day, while he
+expressed his admiration of the elegant buildings, and whispered him,
+'Don't you feel some remorse[994]?'
+
+We were received in the college by a number of the professors, who
+shewed all due respect to Dr. Johnson; and then we paid a visit to the
+principal, Dr. Leechman[995], at his own house, where Dr. Johnson had
+the satisfaction of being told that his name had been gratefully
+celebrated in one of the parochial congregations in the Highlands, as
+the person to whose influence it was chiefly owing that the New
+Testament was allowed to be translated into the Erse language. It seems
+some political members of the Society in Scotland for propagating
+Christian Knowledge had opposed this pious undertaking, as tending to
+preserve the distinction between the Highlanders and Lowlanders. Dr.
+Johnson wrote a long letter upon the subject to a friend, which being
+shewn to them, made them ashamed, and afraid of being publickly exposed;
+so they were forced to a compliance. It is now in my possession, and is,
+perhaps, one of the best productions of his masterly pen[996].
+
+Professors Reid and Anderson, and the two Messieurs Foulis, the Elzevirs
+of Glasgow, dined and drank tea with us at our inn, after which the
+professors went away; and I, having a letter to write, left my
+fellow-traveller with Messieurs Foulis. Though good and ingenious men,
+they had that unsettled speculative mode of conversation which is
+offensive to a man regularly taught at an English school and university.
+I found that, instead of listening to the dictates of the Sage, they
+had teazed him with questions and doubtful disputations. He came in a
+flutter to me, and desired I might come back again, for he could not
+bear these men. 'O ho! Sir, (said I,) you are flying to me for refuge!'
+He never, in any situation, was at a loss for a ready repartee. He
+answered, with a quick vivacity, 'It is of two evils choosing the
+least.' I was delighted with this flash bursting from the cloud which
+hung upon his mind, closed my letter directly, and joined the company.
+
+We supped at Professor Anderson's. The general impression upon my memory
+is, that we had not much conversation at Glasgow, where the professors,
+like their brethren at Aberdeen[997], did not venture to expose
+themselves much to the battery of cannon which they knew might play upon
+them[998]. Dr. Johnson, who was fully conscious of his own superior
+powers, afterwards praised Principal Robertson for his caution in this
+respect[999]. He said to me, 'Robertson, Sir, was in the right.
+Robertson is a man of eminence, and the head of a college at Edinburgh.
+He had a character to maintain, and did well not to risk its being
+lessened.'
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, OCTOBER 30.
+
+We set out towards Ayrshire. I sent Joseph on to Loudoun, with a
+message, that, if the Earl was at home, Dr. Johnson and I would have the
+honour to dine with him. Joseph met us on the road, and reported that
+the Earl '_jumped for joy,_' and said, 'I shall be very happy to see
+them.' We were received with a most pleasing courtesy by his Lordship,
+and by the Countess his mother, who, in her ninety-fifth year, had all
+her faculties quite unimpaired[1000]. This was a very cheering sight to
+Dr. Johnson, who had an extraordinary desire for long life. Her
+ladyship was sensible and well-informed, and had seen a great deal of
+the world. Her lord had held several high offices, and she was sister to
+the great Earl of Stair[1001].
+
+I cannot here refrain from paying a just tribute to the character of
+John Earl of Loudoun, who did more service to the county of Ayr in
+general, as well as to the individuals in it, than any man we have ever
+had. It is painful to think that he met with much ingratitude from
+persons both in high and low rank: but such was his temper, such his
+knowledge of 'base mankind[1002],' that, as if he had expected no other
+return, his mind was never soured, and he retained his good-humour and
+benevolence to the last. The tenderness of his heart was proved in
+1745-6, when he had an important command in the Highlands, and behaved
+with a generous humanity to the unfortunate. I cannot figure a more
+honest politician; for, though his interest in our county was great, and
+generally successful, he not only did not deceive by fallacious
+promises, but was anxious that people should not deceive themselves by
+too sanguine expectations. His kind and dutiful attention to his mother
+was unremitted. At his house was true hospitality; a plain but a
+plentiful table; and every guest, being left at perfect freedom, felt
+himself quite easy and happy. While I live, I shall honour the memory of
+this amiable man[1003].
+
+At night, we advanced a few miles farther, to the house of Mr. Campbell
+of Treesbank, who was married to one of my wife's sisters, and were
+entertained very agreeably by a worthy couple.
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, OCTOBER 31.
+
+We reposed here in tranquillity. Dr. Johnson was pleased to find a
+numerous and excellent collection of books, which had mostly belonged to
+the Reverend Mr. John Campbell, brother of our host. I was desirous to
+have procured for my fellow-traveller, to-day, the company of Sir John
+Cuninghame, of Caprington, whose castle was but two miles from us. He
+was a very distinguished scholar, was long abroad, and during part of
+the time lived much with the learned Cuninghame[1004], the opponent of
+Bentley as a critick upon Horace. He wrote Latin with great elegance,
+and, what is very remarkable, read Homer and Ariosto through every year.
+I wrote to him to request he would come to us; but unfortunately he was
+prevented by indisposition.
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, NOVEMBER 1.
+
+Though Dr. Johnson was lazy, and averse to move, I insisted that he
+should go with me, and pay a visit to the Countess of Eglintoune, mother
+of the late and present earl. I assured him, he would find himself amply
+recompensed for the trouble; and he yielded to my solicitations, though
+with some unwillingness. We were well mounted, and had not many miles to
+ride. He talked of the attention that is necessary in order to
+distribute our charity judiciously. 'If thoughtlessly done, we may
+neglect the most deserving objects; and, as every man has but a certain
+proportion to give, if it is lavished upon those who first present
+themselves, there may be nothing left for such as have a better claim. A
+man should first relieve those who are nearly connected with him, by
+whatever tie; and then, if he has any thing to spare, may extend his
+bounty to a wider circle.[1005]'
+
+As we passed very near the castle of Dundonald, which was one of the
+many residences of the kings of Scotland, and in which Robert the Second
+lived and died, Dr. Johnson wished to survey it particularly. It stands
+on a beautiful rising ground, which is seen at a great distance on
+several quarters, and from whence there is an extensive prospect of the
+rich district of Cuninghame, the western sea, the isle of Arran, and a
+part of the northern coast of Ireland. It has long been unroofed; and,
+though of considerable size, we could not, by any power of imagination,
+figure it as having been a suitable habitation for majesty[1006]. Dr.
+Johnson, to irritate my _old Scottish_[1007] enthusiasm, was very
+jocular on the homely accommodation of 'King _Bob_,' and roared and
+laughed till the ruins echoed.
+
+Lady Eglintoune, though she was now in her eighty-fifth year, and had
+lived in the retirement of the country for almost half a century, was
+still a very agreeable woman. She was of the noble house of Kennedy, and
+had all the elevation which the consciousness of such birth inspires.
+Her figure was majestick, her manners high-bred, her reading extensive,
+and her conversation elegant. She had been the admiration of the gay
+circles of life, and the patroness of poets[1008]. Dr. Johnson was
+delighted with his reception here. Her principles in church and state
+were congenial with his. She knew all his merit, and had heard much of
+him from her son, Earl Alexander[1009], who loved to cultivate the
+acquaintance of men of talents, in every department.
+
+All who knew his lordship, will allow that his understanding and
+accomplishments were of no ordinary rate. From the gay habits which he
+had early acquired, he spent too much of his time with men, and in
+pursuits far beneath such a mind as his. He afterwards became sensible
+of it, and turned his thoughts to objects of importance; but was cut off
+in the prime of his life. I cannot speak, but with emotions of the most
+affectionate regret, of one, in whose company many of my early days were
+passed, and to whose kindness I was much indebted.
+
+Often must I have occasion to upbraid myself, that soon after our return
+to the main land, I allowed indolence to prevail over me so much, as to
+shrink from the labour of continuing my journal with the same minuteness
+as before; sheltering myself in the thought, that we had done with the
+Hebrides; and not considering, that Dr. Johnson's Memorabilia were
+likely to be more valuable when we were restored to a more polished
+society. Much has thus been irrecoverably lost.
+
+In the course of our conversation this day, it came out, that Lady
+Eglintoune was married the year before Dr. Johnson was born; upon which
+she graciously said to him, that she might have been his mother; and
+that she now adopted him; and when we were going away, she embraced him,
+saying, 'My dear son, farewell[1010]!' My friend was much pleased with
+this day's entertainment, and owned that I had done well to force
+him out.
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 2.
+
+We were now in a country not only '_of saddles and bridles_[1011],' but
+of post-chaises; and having ordered one from Kilmarnock, we got to
+Auchinleck[1012] before dinner.
+
+My father was not quite a year and a half older than Dr. Johnson; but
+his conscientious discharge of his laborious duty as a judge in
+Scotland, where the law proceedings are almost all in writing,--a severe
+complaint which ended in his death,--and the loss of my mother, a woman
+of almost unexampled piety and goodness,--had before this time in some
+degree affected his spirits[1013], and rendered him less disposed to
+exert his faculties: for he had originally a very strong mind, and
+cheerful temper. He assured me, he never had felt one moment of what is
+called low spirits, or uneasiness, without a real cause. He had a great
+many good stories, which he told uncommonly well, and he was remarkable
+for 'humour, _incolumi gravitate_[1014],' as Lord Monboddo used to
+characterise it. His age, his office, and his character, had long given
+him an acknowledged claim to great attention, in whatever company he
+was; and he could ill brook any diminution of it. He was as sanguine a
+Whig and Presbyterian, as Dr. Johnson was a Tory and Church of England
+man: and as he had not much leisure to be informed of Dr. Johnson's
+great merits by reading his works, he had a partial and unfavourable
+notion of him, founded on his supposed political tenets; which were so
+discordant to his own, that instead of speaking of him with that respect
+to which he was entitled, he used to call him 'a _Jacobite fellow_.'
+Knowing all this, I should not have ventured to bring them together, had
+not my father, out of kindness to me, desired me to invite Dr. Johnson
+to his house.
+
+I was very anxious that all should be well; and begged of my friend to
+avoid three topicks, as to which they differed very widely; Whiggism,
+Presbyterianism, and--Sir John Pringle.[1015] He said courteously, 'I
+shall certainly not talk on subjects which I am told are disagreeable to
+a gentleman under whose roof I am; especially, I shall not do so to
+_your father_.'
+
+Our first day went off very smoothly. It rained, and we could not get
+out; but my father shewed Dr. Johnson his library, which in curious
+editions of the Greek and Roman classicks, is, I suppose, not excelled
+by any private collection in Great Britain. My father had studied at
+Leyden, and been very intimate with the Gronovii, and other learned men
+there. He was a sound scholar, and, in particular, had collated
+manuscripts and different editions of _Anacreon_, and others of the
+Greek Lyrick poets, with great care; so that my friend and he had much
+matter for conversation, without touching on the fatal topicks of
+difference.
+
+Dr. Johnson found here Baxter's _Anacreon_[1016], which he told me he
+had long enquired for in vain, and began to suspect there was no such
+book. Baxter was the keen antagonist of Barnes[1017]. His life is in
+the _Biographia Britannica_[1018]. My father has written many notes on
+this book, and Dr. Johnson and I talked of having it reprinted.
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 3.
+
+It rained all day, and gave Dr. Johnson an impression of that
+incommodiousness of climate in the west, of which he has taken notice in
+his _Journey_[1019]; but, being well accommodated, and furnished with
+variety of books, he was not dissatisfied.
+
+Some gentlemen of the neighbourhood came to visit my father; but there
+was little conversation. One of them asked Dr. Johnson how he liked the
+Highlands. The question seemed to irritate him, for he answered, 'How,
+Sir, can you ask me what obliges me to speak unfavourably of a country
+where I have been hospitably entertained? Who _can_ like the
+Highlands[1020]? I like the inhabitants very well[1021].' The gentleman
+asked no more questions.
+
+Let me now make up for the present neglect, by again gleaning from the
+past. At Lord Monboddo's, after the conversation upon the decrease of
+learning in England, his Lordship mentioned _Hermes_, by Mr. Harris of
+Salisbury[1022], as the work of a living authour, for whom he had a
+great respect. Dr. Johnson said nothing at the time; but when we were in
+our post-chaise, he told me, he thought Harris 'a coxcomb.' This he
+said of him, not as a man, but as an authour[1023]; and I give his
+opinions of men and books, faithfully, whether they agree with my own or
+not. I do admit, that there always appeared to me something of
+affectation in Mr. Harris's manner of writing; something of a habit of
+clothing plain thoughts in analytick and categorical formality. But all
+his writings are imbued with learning; and all breathe that philanthropy
+and amiable disposition, which distinguished him as a man[1024].
+
+At another time, during our Tour, he drew the character of a rapacious
+Highland Chief[1025] with the strength of Theophrastus or la Bruyère;
+concluding with these words:--'Sir, he has no more the soul of a Chief,
+than an attorney who has twenty houses in a street, and considers how
+much he can make by them.'
+
+He this day, when we were by ourselves, observed, how common it was for
+people to talk from books; to retail the sentiment's of others, and not
+their own; in short, to converse without any originality of thinking. He
+was pleased to say, 'You and I do not talk from books[1026].'
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 4.
+
+I was glad to have at length a very fine day, on which I could shew Dr.
+Johnson the _Place_ of my family, which he has honoured with so much
+attention in his _Journey_. He is, however, mistaken in thinking that
+the Celtick name, _Auchinleck_, has no relation to the natural
+appearance of it. I believe every Celtick name of a place will be found
+very descriptive. _Auchinleck_ does not signify a _stony field_, as he
+has said, but a _field of flag stones_; and this place has a number of
+rocks, which abound in strata of that kind. The 'sullen dignity of the
+old castle,' as he has forcibly expressed it, delighted him
+exceedingly.[1027] On one side of the rock on which its ruins stand,
+runs the river Lugar, which is here of considerable breadth, and is
+bordered by other high rocks, shaded with wood. On the other side runs a
+brook, skirted in the same manner, but on a smaller scale. I cannot
+figure a more romantick scene.
+
+I felt myself elated here, and expatiated to my illustrious Mentor on
+the antiquity and honourable alliances of my family, and on the merits
+of its founder, Thomas Boswell, who was highly favoured by his
+sovereign, James IV. of Scotland, and fell with him at the battle of
+Flodden-field[1028]; and in the glow of what, I am sensible, will, in a
+commercial age, be considered as genealogical enthusiasm, did not omit
+to mention what I was sure my friend would not think lightly of, my
+relation[1029] to the Royal Personage, whose liberality, on his
+accession to the throne, had given him comfort and independence[1030].
+I have, in a former page[1031], acknowledged my pride of ancient blood,
+in which I was encouraged by Dr. Johnson: my readers therefore will not
+be surprised at my having indulged it on this occasion.
+
+Not far from the old castle is a spot of consecrated earth, on which may
+be traced the foundations of an ancient chapel, dedicated to St.
+Vincent, and where in old times 'was the place of graves' for the
+family. It grieves me to think that the remains of sanctity here, which
+were considerable, were dragged away, and employed in building a part of
+the house of Auchinleck, of the middle age; which was the family
+residence, till my father erected that 'elegant modern mansion,' of
+which Dr. Johnson speaks so handsomely. Perhaps this chapel may one day
+be restored.
+
+Dr. Johnson was pleased when I shewed him some venerable old trees,
+under the shade of which my ancestors had walked. He exhorted me to
+plant assiduously[1032], as my father had done to a great extent.
+
+As I wandered with my reverend friend in the groves of Auchinleck, I
+told him, that, if I survived him, it was my intention to erect a
+monument to him here, among scenes which, in my mind, were all
+classical; for in my youth I had appropriated to them many of the
+descriptions of the Roman poets. He could not bear to have death
+presented to him in any shape; for his constitutional melancholy made
+the king of terrours more frightful. He turned off the subject, saying,
+'Sir, I hope to see your grand-children!'
+
+This forenoon he observed some cattle without horns, of which he has
+taken notice in his _Journey_[1033], and seems undecided whether they be
+of a particular race. His doubts appear to have had no foundation; for
+my respectable neighbour, Mr. Fairlie, who, with all his attention to
+agriculture, finds time both for the classicks and his friends, assures
+me they are a distinct species, and that, when any of their calves have
+horns, a mixture of breed can be traced. In confirmation of his opinion,
+he pointed out to me the following passage in Tacitus,--'_Ne armentis
+quidem suus honor, aut gloria frontis_[1034];' (_De mor. Germ. § 5_)
+which he wondered had escaped Dr. Johnson.
+
+On the front of the house of Auchinleck is this inscription:--
+
+     'Quod petis, hic est;
+     Est Ulubris; animus si te non deficit aequus[1035].'
+
+It is characteristick of the founder; but the _animus aequus_ is, alas!
+not inheritable, nor the subject of devise. He always talked to me as if
+it were in a man's own power to attain it; but Dr. Johnson told me that
+he owned to him, when they were alone, his persuasion that it was in a
+great measure constitutional, or the effect of causes which do not
+depend on ourselves, and that Horace boasts too much, when he says,
+_aequum mi animum ipse parabo_[1036].
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 5.
+
+The Reverend Mr. Dun, our parish minister, who had dined with us
+yesterday, with some other company, insisted that Dr. Johnson and I
+should dine with him to-day. This gave me an opportunity to shew my
+friend the road to the church, made by my father at a great expence, for
+above three miles, on his own estate, through a range of well enclosed
+farms, with a row of trees on each side of it. He called it the _Via
+sacra_, and was very fond of it.[1037]Dr. Johnson, though he held
+notions far distant from those of the Presbyterian clergy, yet could
+associate on good terms with them. He indeed occasionally attacked
+them. One of them discovered a narrowness of information concerning the
+dignitaries of the Church of England, among whom may be found men of the
+greatest learning, virtue, and piety, and of a truly apostolic
+character. He talked before Dr. Johnson, of fat bishops and drowsy
+deans; and, in short, seemed to believe the illiberal and profane
+scoffings of professed satyrists, or vulgar railers. Dr. Johnson was so
+highly offended, that he said to him, 'Sir, you know no more of our
+Church than a Hottentot[1038].' I was sorry that he brought this
+upon himself.
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 6.
+
+I cannot be certain, whether it was on this day, or a former, that Dr.
+Johnson and my father came in collision. If I recollect right, the
+contest began while my father was shewing him his collection of medals;
+and Oliver Cromwell's coin unfortunately introduced Charles the First,
+and Toryism. They became exceedingly warm, and violent, and I was very
+much distressed by being present at such an altercation between two men,
+both of whom I reverenced; yet I durst not interfere. It would certainly
+be very unbecoming in me to exhibit my honoured father, and my respected
+friend, as intellectual gladiators, for the entertainment of the
+publick: and therefore I suppress what would, I dare say, make an
+interesting scene in this dramatick sketch,--this account of the
+transit of Johnson over the Caledonian Hemisphere[1039].
+
+Yet I think I may, without impropriety, mention one circumstance, as an
+instance of my father's address. Dr. Johnson challenged him, as he did
+us all at Talisker[1040], to point out any theological works of merit
+written by Presbyterian ministers in Scotland. My father, whose studies
+did not lie much in that way, owned to me afterwards, that he was
+somewhat at a loss how to answer, but that luckily he recollected having
+read in catalogues the title of _Durham on the Galatians_; upon which he
+boldly said, 'Pray, Sir, have you read Mr. Durham's excellent commentary
+on the Galatians?' 'No, Sir,' said Dr. Johnson. By this lucky thought my
+father kept him at bay, and for some time enjoyed his triumph[1041]; but
+his antagonist soon made a retort, which I forbear to mention.
+
+In the course of their altercation, Whiggism and Presbyterianism,
+Toryism and Episcopacy, were terribly buffeted. My worthy hereditary
+friend, Sir John Pringle, never having been mentioned, happily escaped
+without a bruise.
+
+My father's opinion of Dr. Johnson may be conjectured from the name he
+afterwards gave him, which was URSA MAJOR[1042]. But it is not true, as
+has been reported, that it was in consequence of my saying that he was a
+_constellation_[1043] of genius and literature. It was a sly abrupt
+expression to one of his brethren on the bench of the Court of Session,
+in which Dr. Johnson was then standing; but it was not said in
+his hearing.
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 7.
+
+My father and I went to publick worship in our parish-church, in which I
+regretted that Dr. Johnson would not join us; for, though we have there
+no form of prayer, nor magnificent solemnity, yet, as GOD is worshipped
+in spirit and in truth, and the same doctrines preached as in the Church
+of England, my friend would certainly have shewn more liberality, had he
+attended. I doubt not, however, but he employed his time in private to
+very good purpose. His uniform and fervent piety was manifested on many
+occasions during our Tour, which I have not mentioned. His reason for
+not joining in Presbyterian worship has been recorded in a former
+page[1044].
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, NOVEMBER 8.
+
+Notwithstanding the altercation that had passed, my father, who had the
+dignified courtesy of an old Baron, was very civil to Dr. Johnson, and
+politely attended him to the post-chaise, which was to convey us to
+Edinburgh[1045].
+
+Thus they parted. They are now in another, and a higher, state of
+existence: and as they were both worthy Christian men, I trust they have
+met in happiness. But I must observe, in justice to my friend's
+political principles, and my own, that they have met in a place where
+there is no room for _Whiggism_[1046].
+
+We came at night to a good inn at Hamilton. I recollect no more.
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 9.
+
+I wished to have shewn Dr. Johnson the Duke of Hamilton's house,
+commonly called the _Palace_ of Hamilton, which is close by the town. It
+is an object which, having been pointed out to me as a splendid edifice,
+from my earliest years, in travelling between Auchinleck and Edinburgh,
+has still great grandeur in my imagination. My friend consented to stop,
+and view the outside of it, but could not be persuaded to go into it.
+
+We arrived this night at Edinburgh, after an absence of eighty-three
+days. For five weeks together, of the tempestuous season, there had been
+no account received of us. I cannot express how happy I was on finding
+myself again at home.
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 10.
+
+Old Mr. Drummond, the bookseller[1047], came to breakfast. Dr. Johnson
+and he had not met for ten years. There was respect on his side, and
+kindness on Dr. Johnson's. Soon afterwards Lord Elibank came in, and was
+much pleased at seeing Dr. Johnson in Scotland. His lordship said,
+'hardly any thing seemed to him more improbable.' Dr. Johnson had a
+very high opinion of him. Speaking of him to me, he characterized him
+thus: 'Lord Elibank has read a great deal. It is true, I can find in
+books all that he has read; but he has a great deal of what is in books,
+proved by the test of real life.' Indeed, there have been few men whose
+conversation discovered more knowledge enlivened by fancy. He published
+several small pieces of distinguished merit; and has left some in
+manuscript, in particular an account of the expedition against
+Carthagena, in which he served as an officer in the army. His writings
+deserve to be collected. He was the early patron of Dr. Robertson, the
+historian, and Mr. Home, the tragick poet; who, when they were ministers
+of country parishes, lived near his seat. He told me, 'I saw these lads
+had talents, and they were much with me.' I hope they will pay a
+grateful tribute to his memory[1048].
+
+The morning was chiefly taken up by Dr. Johnson's giving him an account
+of our Tour. The subject of difference in political principles was
+introduced. JOHNSON. 'It is much increased by opposition. There was a
+violent Whig, with whom I used to contend with great eagerness. After
+his death I felt my Toryism much abated.' I suppose he meant Mr.
+Walmsley of Lichfield, whose character he has drawn so well in his _Life
+of Edmund Smith_[1049].  Mr. Nairne[1050] came in, and he and I
+accompanied Dr. Johnson to Edinburgh Castle, which he owned was 'a great
+place.' But I must mention, as a striking instance of that spirit of
+contradiction to which he had a strong propensity, when Lord Elibank was
+some days after talking of it with the natural elation of a Scotchman,
+or of any man who is proud of a stately fortress in his own country, Dr.
+Johnson affected to despise it, observing that 'it would make a good
+_prison_ in ENGLAND.'
+
+Lest it should be supposed that I have suppressed one of his sallies
+against my country, it may not be improper here to correct a mistaken
+account that has been circulated, as to his conversation this day. It
+has been said, that being desired to attend to the noble prospect from
+the Castle-hill, he replied, 'Sir, the noblest prospect that a Scotchman
+ever sees, is the high road that leads him to London.' This lively
+sarcasm was thrown out at a tavern[1051] in London, in my presence, many
+years before.
+
+We had with us to-day at dinner, at my house, the Lady Dowager Colvill,
+and Lady Anne Erskine, sisters of the Earl of Kelly[1052]; the
+Honourable Archibald Erskine, who has now succeeded to that title; Lord
+Elibank; the Reverend Dr. Blair; Mr. Tytler, the acute vindicator of
+Mary Queen of Scots[1053], and some other friends[1054].
+
+_Fingal_ being talked of, Dr. Johnson, who used to boast that he had,
+from the first, resisted both Ossian[1055] and the Giants of
+Patagonia[1056], averred his positive disbelief of its authenticity.
+Lord Elibank said, 'I am sure it is not M'Pherson's. Mr. Johnson, I keep
+company a great deal with you; it is known I do. I may borrow from you
+better things than I can say myself, and give them as my own; but, if I
+should, every body will know whose they are.' The Doctor was not
+softened by this compliment. He denied merit to _Fingal_, supposing it
+to be the production of a man who has had the advantages that the
+present age affords; and said, 'nothing is more easy than to write
+enough in that style if once you begin[1057].'[1058]One gentleman in
+company[1059] expressing his opinion 'that _Fingal_ was certainly
+genuine, for that he had heard a great part of it repeated in the
+original,' Dr. Johnson indignantly asked him whether he understood the
+original; to which an answer being given in the negative, 'Why then,
+(said Dr. Johnson,) we see to what _this_ testimony comes:--thus it is.'
+
+I mentioned this as a remarkable proof how liable the mind of man is to
+credulity, when not guarded by such strict examination as that which Dr.
+Johnson habitually practised.[1060]The talents and integrity of the
+gentleman who made the remark, are unquestionable; yet, had not Dr.
+Johnson made him advert to the consideration, that he who does not
+understand a language, cannot know that something which is recited to
+him is in that language, he might have believed, and reported to this
+hour, that he had 'heard a great part of _Fingal_ repeated in the
+original.'
+
+For the satisfaction of those on the north of the Tweed, who may think
+Dr. Johnson's account of Caledonian credulity and inaccuracy too
+strong,[1061] it is but fair to add, that he admitted the same kind of
+ready belief might be found in his own country. 'He would undertake, (he
+said) to write an epick poem on the story of _Robin Hood_,[1062] and
+half England, to whom the names and places he should mention in it are
+familiar, would believe and declare they had heard it from their
+earliest years.'
+
+One of his objections to the authenticity of _Fingal_, during the
+conversation at Ulinish,[1063] is omitted in my _Journal_, but I
+perfectly recollect it. 'Why is not the original deposited in some
+publick library, instead of exhibiting attestations of its
+existence?[1064] Suppose there were a question in a court of justice,
+whether a man be dead or alive: You aver he is alive, and you bring
+fifty witnesses to swear it: I answer, "Why do you not produce the
+man?"' This is an argument founded upon one of the first principles of
+the _law of evidence_, which _Gilbert_[1065] would have held to be
+irrefragable.
+
+I do not think it incumbent on me to give any precise decided opinion
+upon this question, as to which I believe more than some, and less than
+others.[1066]
+
+The subject appears to have now become very uninteresting to the
+publick. That _Fingal_ is not from beginning to end a translation from
+the Gallick, but that _some_ passages have been supplied by the editor
+to connect the whole, I have heard admitted by very warm advocates for
+its authenticity. If this be the case, why are not these distinctly
+ascertained? Antiquaries, and admirers of the work, may complain, that
+they are in a situation similar to that of the unhappy gentleman, whose
+wife informed him, on her death-bed, that one of their reputed children
+was not his; and, when he eagerly begged her to declare which of them it
+was, she answered, '_That_ you shall never know;' and expired, leaving
+him in irremediable doubt as to them all.
+
+I beg leave now to say something upon _second sight_, of which I have
+related two instances,[1067] as they impressed my mind at the time. I
+own, I returned from the Hebrides with a considerable degree of faith in
+the many stories of that kind which I heard with a too easy
+acquiescence, without any close examination of the evidence: but, since
+that time, my belief in those stories has been much weakened,[1068] by
+reflecting on the careless inaccuracy of narrative in common matters,
+from which we may certainly conclude that there may be the same in what
+is more extraordinary. It is but just, however, to add, that the belief
+in second sight is not peculiar to the Highlands and Isles.[1069]
+
+Some years after our Tour, a cause[1070] was tried in the Court of
+Session, where the principal fact to be ascertained was, whether a
+ship-master, who used to frequent the Western Highlands and Isles, was
+drowned in one particular year, or in the year after. A great number of
+witnesses from those parts were examined on each side, and swore
+directly contrary to each other, upon this simple question. One of them,
+a very respectable Chieftain, who told me a story of second sight, which
+I have not mentioned, but which I too implicitly believed, had in this
+case, previous to this publick examination, not only said, but attested
+under his hand, that he had seen the ship-master in the year subsequent
+to that in which the court was finally satisfied he was drowned. When
+interrogated with the strictness of judicial inquiry, and under the awe
+of an oath, he recollected himself better, and retracted what he had
+formerly asserted, apologising for his inaccuracy, by telling the
+judges, 'A man will _say_ what he will not _swear_.' By many he was much
+censured, and it was maintained that every gentleman would be as
+attentive to truth without the sanction of an oath, as with it. Dr.
+Johnson, though he himself was distinguished at all times by a
+scrupulous adherence to truth, controverted this proposition; and as a
+proof that this was not, though it ought to be, the case, urged the very
+different decisions of elections under Mr. Grenville's Act,[1071] from
+those formerly made. 'Gentlemen will not pronounce upon oath what they
+would have said, and voted in the house, without that sanction.'
+
+However difficult it may be for men who believe in preternatural
+communications, in modern times, to satisfy those who are of a different
+opinion, they may easily refute the doctrine of their opponents, who
+impute a belief in _second sight_ to _superstition_. To entertain a
+visionary notion that one sees a distant or future event, may be called
+_superstition_: but the correspondence of the fact or event with such an
+impression on the fancy, though certainly very wonderful, _if proved_,
+has no more connection with superstition, than magnetism or electricity.
+
+After dinner, various topicks were discussed; but I recollect only one
+particular. Dr. Johnson compared the different talents of Garrick and
+Foote,[1072] as companions, and gave Garrick greatly the preference for
+elegance, though he allowed Foote extraordinary powers of entertainment.
+He said, 'Garrick is restrained by some principle; but Foote has the
+advantage of an unlimited range. Garrick has some delicacy of feeling;
+it is possible to put him out; you may get the better of him; but Foote
+is the most incompressible fellow that I ever knew; when you have driven
+him into a corner, and think you are sure of him, he runs through
+between your legs, or jumps over your head, and makes his escape.'
+
+Dr. Erskine[1073] and Mr. Robert Walker, two very respectable ministers
+of Edinburgh, supped with us, as did the Reverend Dr. Webster.[1074] The
+conversation turned on the Moravian missions, and on the Methodists. Dr.
+Johnson observed in general, that missionaries were too sanguine in
+their accounts of their success among savages, and that much of what
+they tell is not to be believed. He owned that the Methodists had done
+good; had spread religious impressions among the vulgar part of
+mankind:[1075] but, he said, they had great bitterness against other
+Christians, and that he never could get a Methodist to explain in what
+he excelled others; that it always ended in the indispensible necessity
+of hearing one of their preachers.[1076]
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 11.
+
+Principal Robertson came to us as we sat at breakfast, he advanced to
+Dr. Johnson, repeating a line of Virgil, which I forget. I
+suppose, either
+
+     Post varios casus, per tot discrimina rerum[1077]--
+
+or
+
+     --multum ille et terris jactatus, et alto[1078].
+
+Every body had accosted us with some studied compliment on our return.
+Dr. Johnson said, 'I am really ashamed of the congratulations which we
+receive. We are addressed as if we had made a voyage to Nova Zembla, and
+suffered five persecutions in Japan[1079].' And he afterwards remarked,
+that, 'to see a man come up with a formal air and a Latin line, when we
+had no fatigue and no danger, was provoking[1080].' I told him, he was
+not sensible of the danger, having lain under cover in the boat during
+the storm[1081]: he was like the chicken, that hides its head under its
+wing, and then thinks itself safe.
+
+Lord Elibank came to us, as did Sir William Forbes. The rash attempt in
+1745 being mentioned, I observed, that it would make a fine piece of
+History. Dr. Johnson said it would.[1082] Lord Elibank doubted whether
+any man of this age could give it impartially. JOHNSON. 'A man, by
+talking with those of different sides, who were actors in it, and
+putting down all that he hears, may in time collect the materials of a
+good narrative. You are to consider, all history was at first oral. I
+suppose Voltaire was fifty years[1083] in collecting his _Louis XIV_.
+which he did in the way that I am proposing.' ROBERTSON. 'He did so. He
+lived much with all the great people who were concerned in that reign,
+and heard them talk of everything: and then either took Mr. Boswell's
+way, of writing down what he heard, or, which is as good, preserved it
+in his memory; for he has a wonderful memory.' With the leave, however,
+of this elegant historian, no man's memory can preserve facts or sayings
+with such fidelity as may be done by writing them down when they are
+recent. Dr. Robertson said, 'it was now full time to make such a
+collection as Dr. Johnson suggested; for many of the people who were
+then in arms, were dropping off; and both Whigs and Jacobites were now
+come to talk with moderation.' Lord Elibank said to him, 'Mr. Robertson,
+the first thing that gave me a high opinion of you, was your saying in
+the _Select Society_[1084], while parties ran high, soon after the year
+1745, that you did not think worse of a man's moral character for his
+having been in rebellion. This was venturing to utter a liberal
+sentiment, while both sides had a detestation of each other.'  Dr.
+Johnson observed, that being in rebellion from a notion of another's
+right, was not connected with depravity; and that we had this proof of
+it, that all mankind applauded the pardoning of rebels; which they would
+not do in the case of robbers and murderers. He said, with a smile, that
+'he wondered that the phrase of _unnatural_ rebellion should be so much
+used, for that all rebellion was natural to man.'
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+As I kept no Journal of anything that passed after this morning, I
+shall, from memory, group together this and the other days, till that on
+which Dr. Johnson departed for London. They were in all nine days; on
+which he dined at Lady Colvill's, Lord Hailes's, Sir Adolphus Oughton's,
+Sir Alexander Dick's, Principal Robertson's, Mr. M'Laurin's[1085], and
+thrice at Lord Elibank's seat in the country, where we also passed two
+nights[1086]. He supped at the Honourable Alexander Gordon's[1087], now
+one of our judges, by the title of Lord Rockville; at Mr. Nairne's, now
+also one of our judges, by the title of Lord Dunsinan; at Dr. Blair's,
+and Mr. Tytler's; and at my house thrice, one evening with a numerous
+company, chiefly gentlemen of the law; another with Mr. Menzies of
+Culdares, and Lord Monboddo, who disengaged himself on purpose to meet
+him; and the evening on which we returned from Lord Elibank's, he supped
+with my wife and me by ourselves[1088].
+
+He breakfasted at Dr. Webster's, at old Mr. Drummond's, and at Dr.
+Blacklock's; and spent one forenoon at my uncle Dr. Boswell's[1089], who
+shewed him his curious museum; and, as he was an elegant scholar, and a
+physician bred in the school of Boerhaave[1090], Dr. Johnson was pleased
+with his company.  On the mornings when he breakfasted at my house, he
+had, from ten o'clock till one or two, a constant levee of various
+persons, of very different characters and descriptions. I could not
+attend him, being obliged to be in the Court of Session; but my wife was
+so good as to devote the greater part of the morning to the endless task
+of pouring out tea for my friend and his visitors.
+
+Such was the disposition of his time at Edinburgh. He said one evening
+to me, in a fit of languor, 'Sir, we have been harassed by invitations.'
+I acquiesced. 'Ay, Sir,' he replied; but how much worse would it have
+been, if we had been neglected[1091]?'
+
+From what has been recorded in this _Journal_, it may well be supposed
+that a variety of admirable conversation has been lost, by my neglect to
+preserve it. I shall endeavour to recollect some of it, as well as
+I can.
+
+At Lady Colvill's, to whom I am proud to introduce any stranger of
+eminence, that he may see what dignity and grace is to be found in
+Scotland, an officer observed, that he had heard Lord Mansfield was not
+a great English lawyer. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, supposing Lord Mansfield not
+to have the splendid talents which he possesses, he must be a great
+English lawyer, from having been so long at the bar, and having passed
+through so many of the great offices of the law. Sir, you may as well
+maintain that a carrier, who has driven a packhorse between Edinburgh
+and Berwick for thirty years, does not know the road, as that Lord
+Mansfield does not know the law of England[1092].'
+
+At Mr. Nairne's, he drew the character of Richardson, the authour of
+_Clarissa_, with a strong yet delicate pencil. I lament much that I have
+not preserved it; I only remember that he expressed a high opinion of
+his talents and virtues; but observed, that 'his perpetual study was to
+ward off petty inconveniences, and procure petty pleasures; that his
+love of continual superiority was such, that he took care to be always
+surrounded by women[1093], who listened to him implicitly, and did not
+venture to controvert his opinions; and that his desire of distinction
+was so great, that he used to give large vails to the Speaker Onslow's
+servants, that they might treat him with respect.'
+
+On the same evening, he would not allow that the private life of a
+Judge, in England, was required to be so strictly decorous as I
+supposed. 'Why then, Sir, (said I,) according to your account, an
+English judge may just live like a gentleman.' JOHNSON. 'Yes,
+Sir[1094],--if he _can_.'
+
+At Mr. Tytler's, I happened to tell that one evening, a great many years
+ago, when Dr. Hugh Blair and I were sitting together in the pit of
+Drury-lane play-house, in a wild freak of youthful extravagance, I
+entertained the audience _prodigiously_[1095], by imitating the lowing
+of a cow. A little while after I had told this story, I differed from
+Dr. Johnson, I suppose too confidently, upon some point, which I now
+forget. He did not spare me. 'Nay, Sir, (said he,) if you cannot talk
+better as a man, I'd have you bellow like a cow[1096].'
+
+At Dr. Webster's, he said, that he believed hardly any man died without
+affectation. This remark appears to me to be well founded, and will
+account for many of the celebrated death-bed sayings which are
+recorded[1097].
+
+On one of the evenings at my house, when he told that Lord Lovat boasted
+to an English nobleman, that though he had not his wealth, he had two
+thousand men whom he could at any time call into the field, the
+Honourable Alexander Gordon observed, that those two thousand men
+brought him to the block. 'True, Sir, (said Dr. Johnson:) but you may
+just as well argue, concerning a man who has fallen over a precipice to
+which he has walked too near,--"His two legs brought him to that," is he
+not the better for having two legs?'
+
+At Dr. Blair's I left him, in order to attend a consultation, during
+which he and his amiable host were by themselves. I returned to supper,
+at which were Principal Robertson, Mr. Nairne, and some other gentlemen.
+Dr. Robertson and Dr. Blair, I remember, talked well upon
+subordination[1098] and government; and, as my friend and I were walking
+home, he said to me, 'Sir, these two doctors are good men, and wise
+men[1099].' I begged of Dr. Blair to recollect what he could of the long
+conversation that passed between Dr. Johnson and him alone, this
+evening, and he obligingly wrote to me as follows:--
+
+'_March_ 3, 1785.
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+
+'--As so many years have intervened, since I chanced to have that
+conversation with Dr. Johnson in my house, to which you refer, I have
+forgotten most of what then passed, but remember that I was both
+instructed and entertained by it. Among other subjects, the discourse
+happening to turn on modern Latin poets, the Dr. expressed a very
+favourable opinion of Buchanan, and instantly repeated, from beginning
+to end, an ode of his, intituled _Calendae Maiae_, (the eleventh in his
+_Miscellaneorum Liber_), beginning with these words, '_Salvete sacris
+deliciis sacrae_,' with which I had formerly been unacquainted; but upon
+perusing it, the praise which he bestowed upon it, as one of the
+happiest of Buchanan's poetical compositions, appeared to me very just.
+He also repeated to me a Latin ode he had composed in one of the western
+islands, from which he had lately returned. We had much discourse
+concerning his excursion to those islands, with which he expressed
+himself as having been highly pleased; talked in a favourable manner of
+the hospitality of the inhabitants; and particularly spoke much of his
+happiness in having you for his companion; and said, that the longer he
+knew you, he loved and esteemed you the more. This conversation passed
+in the interval between tea and supper, when we were by ourselves. You,
+and the rest of the company who were with us at supper, have often taken
+notice that he was uncommonly bland and gay that evening, and gave much
+pleasure to all who were present. This is all that I can recollect
+distinctly of that long conversation.
+
+'Your's sincerely,
+
+'HUGH BLAIR.'
+
+At Lord Hailes's, we spent a most agreeable day; but again I must lament
+that I was so indolent as to let almost all that passed evaporate into
+oblivion. Dr. Johnson observed there, that 'it is wonderful how ignorant
+many officers of the army are, considering how much leisure they have
+for study, and the acquisition of knowledge[1100].' I hope he was
+mistaken; for he maintained that many of them were ignorant of things
+belonging immediately to their own profession; 'for instance, many
+cannot tell how far a musket will carry a bullet;' in proof of which, I
+suppose, he mentioned some particular person, for Lord Hailes, from whom
+I solicited what he could recollect of that day, writes to me as
+follows:--
+
+'As to Dr. Johnson's observation about the ignorance of officers, in the
+length that a musket will carry, my brother, Colonel Dalrymple, was
+present, and he thought that the doctor was either mistaken, by putting
+the question wrong, or that he had conversed on the subject with some
+person out of service.
+
+'Was it upon that occasion that he expressed no curiosity to see the
+room at Dumfermline, where Charles I. was born? "I know that he was
+born, (said he;) no matter where."--Did he envy us the birth-place of
+the king?'
+
+Near the end of his _Journey_, Dr. Johnson has given liberal praise to
+Mr. Braidwood's academy for the deaf and dumb[1101]. When he visited it,
+a circumstance occurred which was truly characteristical of our great
+Lexicographer. 'Pray, (said he,) can they pronounce any _long_ words?'
+Mr. Braidwood informed him they could. Upon which Dr. Johnson wrote one
+of his _sesquipedalia verba_[1102], which was pronounced by the
+scholars, and he was satisfied. My readers may perhaps wish to know what
+the word was; but I cannot gratify their curiosity. Mr. Braidwood told
+me, it remained long in his school, but had been lost before I made my
+inquiry[1103].
+
+Dr. Johnson one day visited the Court of Session[1104]. He thought the
+mode of pleading there too vehement, and too much addressed to the
+passions of the judges. 'This (said he) is not the Areopagus.'
+
+At old Mr. Drummond's, Sir John Dalrymple quaintly said, the two noblest
+animals in the world were, a Scotch Highlander and an English
+sailor[1105]. 'Why, Sir, (said Dr. Johnson,) I shall say nothing as to
+the Scotch Highlander; but as to the English Sailor, I cannot agree with
+you.' Sir John said, he was generous in giving away his money.' JOHNSON.
+'Sir, he throws away his money, without thought, and without merit. I do
+not call a tree generous, that sheds its fruit at every breeze.' Sir
+John having affected to complain of the attacks made upon his
+_Memoirs_[1106], Dr. Johnson said, 'Nay, Sir, do not complain. It is
+advantageous to an authour, that his book should be attacked as well as
+praised. Fame is a shuttlecock. If it be struck only at one end of the
+room, it will soon fall to the ground. To keep it up, it must be struck
+at both ends[1107].' Often have I reflected on this since; and, instead
+of being angry at many of those who have written against me, have smiled
+to think that they were unintentionally subservient to my fame, by using
+a battledoor to make me _virum volitare per ora_[1108].
+
+At Sir Alexander Dick's, from that absence of mind to which every man is
+at times subject, I told, in a blundering manner, Lady Eglingtoune's
+complimentary adoption of Dr. Johnson as her son; for I unfortunately
+stated that her ladyship adopted him as her son, in consequence of her
+having been married the year _after_ he was born. Dr. Johnson instantly
+corrected me. 'Sir, don't you perceive that you are defaming the
+countess? For, supposing me to be her son, and that she was not married
+till the year after my birth, I must have been her _natural_ son.' A
+young lady of quality, who was present, very handsomely said, 'Might not
+the son have justified the fault?' My friend was much flattered by this
+compliment, which he never forgot. When in more than ordinary spirits,
+and talking of his journey in Scotland, he has called to me, 'Boswell,
+what was it that the young lady of quality said of me at Sir Alexander
+Dick's ?' Nobody will doubt that I was happy in repeating it.
+
+My illustrious friend, being now desirous to be again in the great
+theatre of life and animated exertion, took a place in the coach, which
+was to set out for London on Monday the 22nd of November[1109]. Sir John
+Dalrymple pressed him to come on the Saturday before, to his house at
+Cranston, which being twelve miles from Edinburgh, upon the middle road
+to Newcastle, (Dr. Johnson had come to Edinburgh by Berwick, and along
+the naked coast[1110],) it would make his journey easier, as the coach
+would take him up at a more seasonable hour than that at which it sets
+out. Sir John, I perceived, was ambitious of having such a guest; but,
+as I was well assured, that at this very time he had joined with some of
+his prejudiced countrymen in railing at Dr. Johnson[1111], and had said,
+he 'wondered how any gentleman of Scotland could keep company with him,'
+I thought he did not deserve the honour: yet, as it might be a
+convenience to Dr. Johnson, I contrived that he should accept the
+invitation, and engaged to conduct him. I resolved that, on our way to
+Sir John's, we should make a little circuit by Roslin Castle, and
+Hawthornden, and wished to set out soon after breakfast; but young Mr.
+Tytler came to shew Dr. Johnson some essays which he had written; and my
+great friend, who was exceedingly obliging when thus consulted[1112],
+was detained so long, that it was, I believe, one o'clock before we got
+into our post-chaise. I found that we should be too late for dinner at
+Sir John Dalrymple's, to which we were engaged: but I would by no means
+lose the pleasure of seeing my friend at Hawthornden,--of seeing _Sam
+Johnson_ at the very spot where _Ben Jonson_ visited the learned and
+poetical Drummond[1113].
+
+We surveyed Roslin Castle, the romantick scene around it, and the
+beautiful Gothick chapel[1114], and dined and drank tea at the inn;
+after which we proceeded to Hawthornden, and viewed the caves; and I
+all the while had _Rare Ben_[1115] in my mind, and was pleased to think
+that this place was now visited by another celebrated wit of England.
+
+By this time 'the waning night was growing old,' and we were yet several
+miles from Sir John Dalrymple's. Dr. Johnson did not seem much troubled
+at our having treated the baronet with so little attention to
+politeness; but when I talked of the grievous disappointment it must
+have been to him that we did not come to the _feast_ that he had
+prepared for us, (for he told us he had killed a seven-year old sheep on
+purpose,) my friend got into a merry mood, and jocularly said, 'I dare
+say, Sir, he has been very sadly distressed: Nay, we do not know but the
+consequence may have been fatal. Let me try to describe his situation in
+his own historical style, I have as good a right to make him think and
+talk, as he has to tell us how people thought and talked a hundred years
+ago, of which he has no evidence. All history, so far as it is not
+supported by contemporary evidence, is romance[1116]--Stay now.--Let us
+consider!' He then (heartily laughing all the while) proceeded in his
+imitation, I am sure to the following effect, though now, at the
+distance of almost twelve years, I cannot pretend to recollect all the
+precise words:--
+
+'Dinner being ready, he wondered that his guests were not yet come.
+His wonder was soon succeeded by impatience. He walked about the
+room in anxious agitation; sometimes he looked at his watch, sometimes
+he looked out at the window with an eager gaze of expectation,
+and revolved in his mind the various accidents of human life. His
+family beheld him with mute concern. "Surely (said he, with a sigh,)
+they will not fail me." The mind of man can bear a certain pressure;
+but there is a point when it can bear no more. A rope was in his view,
+and he died a Roman death[1117].
+
+It was very late before we reached the seat of Sir John Dalrymple, who,
+certainly with some reason, was not in very good humour. Our
+conversation was not brilliant. We supped, and went to bed in ancient
+rooms, which would have better suited the climate of Italy in summer,
+than that of Scotland in the month of November.
+
+I recollect no conversation of the next day, worth preserving, except
+one saying of Dr. Johnson, which will be a valuable text for many decent
+old dowagers, and other good company, in various circles to descant
+upon. He said, 'I am sorry I have not learnt to play at cards. It is
+very useful in life: it generates kindness, and consolidates
+society[1118].' He certainly could not mean deep play.
+
+My friend and I thought we should be more comfortable at the inn at
+Blackshields, two miles farther on. We therefore went thither in the
+evening, and he was very entertaining; but I have preserved nothing but
+the pleasing remembrance, and his verses on George the Second and
+Cibber[1119], and his epitaph on Parnell[1120], which he was then so
+good as to dictate to me. We breakfasted together next morning, and then
+the coach came, and took him up. He had, as one of his companions in it,
+as far as Newcastle, the worthy and ingenious Dr. Hope, botanical
+professor at Edinburgh. Both Dr. Johnson and he used to speak of their
+good fortune in thus accidentally meeting; for they had much instructive
+conversation, which is always a most valuable enjoyment, and, when found
+where it is not expected, is peculiarly relished.
+
+I have now completed my account of our Tour to the Hebrides. I have
+brought Dr. Johnson down to Scotland, and seen him into the coach which
+in a few hours carried him back into England. He said to me often, that
+the time he spent in this Tour was the pleasantest part of his
+life[1121], and asked me if I would lose the recollection of it for five
+hundred pounds. I answered I would not; and he applauded my setting such
+a value on an accession of new images in my mind[1122].
+
+Had it not been for me, I am persuaded Dr. Johnson never would have
+undertaken such a journey; and I must be allowed to assume some merit
+from having been the cause that our language has been enriched with such
+a book as that which he published on his return; a book which I never
+read but with the utmost admiration, as I had such opportunities of
+knowing from what very meagre materials it was composed.
+
+But my praise may be supposed partial; and therefore I shall insert two
+testimonies, not liable to that objection, both written by gentlemen of
+Scotland, to whose opinions I am confident the highest respect will be
+paid, Lord Hailes[1123], and Mr. Dempster[1124]. 'TO JAMES
+BOSWELL, ESQ.
+
+'SIR,
+
+'I have received much pleasure and much instruction, from perusing _The
+Journey to the Hebrides_.
+
+'I admire the elegance and variety of description, and the lively
+picture of men and manners. I always approve of the moral, often of the
+political, reflections. I love the benevolence of the authour.
+
+'They who search for faults, may possibly find them in this, as well as
+in every other work of literature.
+
+'For example, the friends of the old family say that _the aera of
+planting_ is placed too late, at the Union of the two kingdoms[1125]. I
+am known to be no friend of the old family; yet I would place the aera
+of planting at the Restoration; after the murder of Charles I. had been
+expiated in the anarchy which succeeded it.
+
+'Before the Restoration, few trees were planted, unless by the
+monastick drones: their successors, (and worthy patriots they were,) the
+barons, first cut down the trees, and then sold the estates. The
+gentleman at St. Andrews, who said that there were but two trees in
+Fife[1126], ought to have added, that the elms of Balmerino[1127] were
+sold within these twenty years, to make pumps for the fire-engines.
+
+'In J. Major de _Gestis Scotorum_, L. i. C. 2. last edition, there is a
+singular passage:--
+
+'"Davidi Cranstoneo conterraneo, dum de prima theologiae licentia foret,
+duo ei consocii et familiares, et mei cum eo in artibus auditores,
+scilicet Jacobus Almain Senonensis, et Petrus Bruxcellensis,
+Praedicatoris ordinis, in Sorbonae curia die Sorbonico commilitonibus
+suis publice objecerunt, _quod pane avenaceo plebeii Scoti_, sicut a
+quodam religioso intellexerant, _vescebantur, ut virum, quem cholericum
+noverant, honestis salibus tentarent, qui hoc inficiari tanquam patriae
+dedecus nisus est_."
+
+'Pray introduce our countryman, Mr. Licentiate David Cranston, to
+the acquaintance of Mr. Johnson.
+
+'The syllogism seems to have been this:
+
+     'They who feed on oatmeal are barbarians;
+      But the Scots feed on oatmeal:
+      Ergo--
+
+The licentiate denied the _minor_,
+
+     I am, Sir,
+     Your most obedient servant,
+    'DAV. DALRYMPLE.'
+
+'Newhailes, 6th Feb. 1775.'
+
+     To JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ., EDINBURGH.
+     Dunnichen, 16th February, 1775.
+
+'MY DEAR BOSWELL,
+
+'I cannot omit a moment to return you my best thanks for the
+entertainment you have furnished me, my family, and guests, by the
+perusal of Dr. Johnson's _Journey to the Western Islands_; and now for
+my sentiments of it. I was well entertained. His descriptions are
+accurate and vivid. He carried me on the Tour along with him. I am
+pleased with the justice he has done to your humour and vivacity. "The
+noise of the wind being all its own," is a _bon-mot_, that it would have
+been a pity to have omitted, and a robbery not to have ascribed to its
+author[1128].
+
+'There is nothing in the book, from beginning to end, that a Scotchman
+need to take amiss[1129]. What he says of the country is true, and his
+observations on the people are what must naturally occur to a sensible,
+observing, and reflecting inhabitant of a _convenient_ Metropolis, where
+a man on thirty pounds a year may be better accommodated with all the
+little wants of life, than _Col._ or _Sir Allan_. He reasons candidly
+about the _second sight_; but I wish he had enquired more, before he
+ventured to say he even doubted of the possibility of such an unusual
+and useless deviation from all the known laws of nature[1130]. The
+notion of the second sight I consider as a remnant of superstitious
+ignorance and credulity, which a philosopher will set down as such, till
+the contrary is clearly proved, and then it will be classed among the
+other certain, though unaccountable parts of our nature, like
+dreams[1131], and-I do not know what.  'In regard to the language, it
+has the merit of being all his own. Many words of foreign extraction are
+used, where, I believe, common ones would do as well, especially on
+familiar occasions. Yet I believe he could not express himself so
+forcibly in any other stile. I am charmed with his researches concerning
+the Erse language, and the antiquity of their manuscripts. I am quite
+convinced; and I shall rank _Ossian_, and his _Fingals_ and _Oscars_,
+amongst the Nursery Tales, not the true history of our country, in all
+time to come.
+
+'Upon the whole, the book cannot displease, for it has no pretensions.
+The author neither says he is a Geographer, nor an Antiquarian, nor very
+learned in the History of Scotland, nor a Naturalist, nor a
+Fossilist[1132]. The manners of the people, and the face of the country,
+are all he attempts to describe, or seems to have thought of. Much were
+it to be wished, that they who have travelled into more remote, and of
+course, more curious, regions, had all possessed his good sense. Of the
+state of learning, his observations on Glasgow University[1133] shew he
+has formed a very sound judgement. He understands our climate too, and
+he has accurately observed the changes, however slow and imperceptible
+to us, which Scotland has undergone, in consequence of the blessings of
+liberty and internal peace. I could have drawn my pen through the story
+of the old woman at St. Andrews, being the only silly thing in the
+book[1134]. He has taken the opportunity of ingrafting into the work
+several good observations, which I dare say he had made upon men and
+things, before he set foot on Scotch ground, by which it is considerably
+enriched[1135]. A long journey, like a tall May-pole, though not very
+beautiful itself, yet is pretty enough, when ornamented with flowers and
+garlands; it furnishes a sort of cloak-pins for hanging the furniture of
+your mind upon; and whoever sets out upon a journey, without furnishing
+his mind previously with much study and useful knowledge, erects a
+May-pole in December, and puts up very useless cloak-pins[1136].
+
+'I hope the book will induce many of his countrymen to make the same
+jaunt, and help to intermix the more liberal part of them still more
+with us, and perhaps abate somewhat of that virulent antipathy which
+many of them entertain against the Scotch: who certainly would never
+have formed those _combinations_[1137] which he takes notice of, more
+than their ancestors, had they not been necessary for their mutual
+safety, at least for their success, in a country where they are treated
+as foreigners. They would find us not deficient, at least in point of
+hospitality, and they would be ashamed ever after to abuse us in
+the mass.
+
+'So much for the Tour. I have now, for the first time in my life, passed
+a winter in the country; and never did three months roll on with more
+swiftness and satisfaction. I used not only to wonder at, but pity,
+those whose lot condemned them to winter any where but in either of the
+capitals. But every place has its charms to a cheerful mind. I am busy
+planting and taking measures for opening the summer campaign in farming;
+and I find I have an excellent resource, when revolutions in politicks
+perhaps, and revolutions of the sun for certain, will make it decent for
+me to retreat behind the ranks of the more forward in life.
+
+'I am glad to hear the last was a very busy week with you. I see you as
+counsel in some causes which must have opened a charming field for your
+humourous vein. As it is more uncommon, so I verily believe it is more
+useful than the more serious exercise of reason; and, to a man who is to
+appear in publick, more eclat is to be gained, sometimes more money too,
+by a _bon-mot_, than a learned speech. It is the fund of natural humour
+which Lord North possesses, that makes him so much the favourite of the
+house, and so able, because so amiable, a leader of a party[1138].
+
+'I have now finished _my_ Tour of _Seven Pages_. In what remains, I beg
+leave to offer my compliments, and those of _ma tres chere femme_, to
+you and Mrs. Boswell. Pray unbend the busy brow, and frolick a little in
+a letter to,
+
+'My dear Boswell,
+
+'Your affectionate friend,
+
+'GEORGE DEMPSTER[1139].'
+
+I shall also present the publick with a correspondence with the Laird
+of Rasay, concerning a passage in the _Journey to the_ Western Islands,
+which shews Dr. Johnson in a very amiable light.
+
+'To JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ.
+
+'Rasay, April 10th, 1775.
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+
+'I take this occasion of returning you my most hearty thanks for the
+civilities shewn to my daughter by you and Mrs. Boswell. Yet, though she
+has informed me that I am under this obligation, I should very probably
+have deferred troubling you with making my acknowledgments at present,
+if I had not seen Dr. Johnson's _Journey to the Western Isles_, in which
+he has been pleased to make a very friendly mention of my family, for
+which I am surely obliged to him, as being more than an equivalent for
+the reception you and he met with. Yet there is one paragraph I should
+have been glad he had omitted, which I am sure was owing to
+misinformation; that is, that I had acknowledged McLeod to be my chief,
+though my ancestors disputed the pre-eminence for a long tract of time.
+
+'I never had occasion to enter seriously on this argument with the
+present laird or his grandfather, nor could I have any temptation to
+such a renunciation from either of them. I acknowledge, the benefit of
+being chief of a clan is in our days of very little significancy, and to
+trace out the progress of this honour to the founder of a family, of any
+standing, would perhaps be a matter of some difficulty.
+
+'The true state of the present case is this: the McLeod family consists
+of two different branches; the M'Leods of Lewis, of which I am
+descended, and the M'Leods of Harris. And though the former have lost a
+very extensive estate by forfeiture in king James the Sixth's time,
+there are still several respectable families of it existing, who would
+justly blame me for such an unmeaning cession, when they all acknowledge
+me head of that family; which though in fact it be but an ideal point of
+honour, is not hitherto so far disregarded in our country, but it would
+determine some of my friends to look on me as a much smaller man than
+either they or myself judge me at present to be. I will, therefore, ask
+it as a favour of you to acquaint the Doctor with the difficulty he has
+brought me to. In travelling among rival clans, such a silly tale as
+this might easily be whispered into the ear of a passing stranger; but
+as it has no foundation in fact, I hope the Doctor will be so good as to
+take his own way in undeceiving the publick, I principally mean my
+friends and connections, who will be first angry at me, and next sorry
+to find such an instance of my littleness recorded in a book which has a
+very fair chance of being much read. I expect you will let me know what
+he will write you in return, and we here beg to make offer to you and
+Mrs. Boswell of our most respectful compliments.
+
+'I am,
+
+'Dear Sir,
+
+'Your most obedient humble servant,
+
+'JOHN M'LEOD.'
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'TO THE LAIRD OF RASAY.
+
+'London, May 8, 1775.
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+
+'The day before yesterday I had the honour to receive your letter, and I
+immediately communicated it to Dr. Johnson. He said he loved your
+spirit, and was exceedingly sorry that he had been the cause of the
+smallest uneasiness to you. There is not a more candid man in the world
+than he is, when properly addressed, as you will see from his letter to
+you, which I now enclose. He has allowed me to take a copy of it, and he
+says you may read it to your clan, or publish it if you please. Be
+assured, Sir, that I shall take care of what he has entrusted to me,
+which is to have an acknowledgement of his errour inserted in the
+Edinburgh newspapers. You will, I dare say, be fully satisfied with Dr.
+Johnson's behaviour. He is desirous to know that you are; and therefore
+when you have read his acknowledgement in the papers, I beg you may
+write to me; and if you choose it, I am persuaded a letter from you to
+the Doctor also will be taken kind. I shall be at Edinburgh the week
+after next.
+
+'Any civilities which my wife and I had in our power to shew to your
+daughter, Miss M'Leod, were due to her own merit, and were well repaid
+by her agreeable company. But I am sure I should be a very unworthy man
+if I did not wish to shew a grateful sense of the hospitable and genteel
+manner in which you were pleased to treat me. Be assured, my dear Sir,
+that I shall never forget your goodness, and the happy hours which I
+spent in Rasay.
+
+'You and Dr. M'Leod were both so obliging as to promise me an account in
+writing, of all the particulars which each of you remember, concerning
+the transactions of 1745-6. Pray do not forget this, and be as minute
+and full as you can; put down every thing; I have a great curiosity to
+know as much as I can, authentically.
+
+'I beg that you may present my best respects to Lady Rasay, my
+compliments to your young family, and to Dr. M'Leod; and my hearty good
+wishes to Malcolm, with whom I hope again to shake hands cordially. I
+have the honour to be,
+
+'Dear Sir,
+
+'Your obliged and faithful humble servant,
+
+'JAMES BOSWELL.'  ADVERTISEMENT, written by Dr. Johnson, and inserted
+by his desire in the Edinburgh newspapers:--Referred to in the foregoing
+letter[1140].
+
+_'THE authour of the_ Journey to the Western Islands, _having related
+that the M'Leods of Rasay acknowledge the chieftainship or superiority
+of the M'Leods of Sky, finds that he has been misinformed or mistaken.
+He means in a future edition to correct his errour[1141], and wishes to
+be told of more, if more have been discovered.'_
+
+Dr. Johnson's letter was as follows:--
+
+'To THE LAIRD OF RASAY.
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+
+'Mr. Boswell has this day shewn me a letter, in which you complain of a
+passage in _The Journey to the Hebrides._ My meaning is mistaken. I did
+not intend to say that you had personally made any cession of the rights
+of your house, or any acknowledgement of the superiority of M'Leod of
+Dunvegan. I only designed to express what I thought generally
+admitted,--that the house of Rasay allowed the superiority of the house
+of Dunvegan. Even this I now find to be erroneous, and will therefore
+omit or retract it in the next edition.
+
+'Though what I had said had been true, if it had been disagreeable to
+you, I should have wished it unsaid; for it is not my business to adjust
+precedence. As it is mistaken, I find myself disposed to correct, both
+by my respect for you, and my reverence for truth.  'As I know not when
+the book will be reprinted, I have desired Mr. Boswell to anticipate the
+correction in the Edinburgh papers. This is all that can be done.
+
+'I hope I may now venture to desire that my compliments may be made, and
+my gratitude expressed, to Lady Rasay, Mr. Malcolm M'Leod, Mr. Donald
+M'Queen, and all the gentlemen and all the ladies whom I saw in the
+island of Rasay; a place which I remember with too much pleasure and too
+much kindness, not to be sorry that my ignorance, or hasty persuasion,
+should, for a single moment, have violated its tranquillity.
+
+'I beg you all to forgive an undesigned and involuntary injury, and to
+consider me as,
+
+'Sir, your most obliged,
+
+'And most humble servant,
+
+'SAM. JOHNSON[1142].'
+
+'London, May 6, 1775.'
+
+It would be improper for me to boast of my own labours; but I cannot
+refrain from publishing such praise as I received from such a man as Sir
+William Forbes, of Pitsligo, after the perusal of the original
+manuscript of my _Journal_[1143].
+
+'To JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ.
+
+'Edinburgh, March 7, 1777.
+
+'My DEAR SIR,
+
+'I ought to have thanked you sooner, for your very obliging letter, and
+for the singular confidence you are pleased to place in me, when you
+trust me with such a curious and valuable deposit as the papers you
+have sent me[1144]. Be assured I have a due sense of this favour, and
+shall faithfully and carefully return them to you. You may rely that I
+shall neither copy any part, nor permit the papers to be seen.
+
+'They contain a curious picture of society, and form a journal on the
+most instructive plan that can possibly be thought of; for I am not sure
+that an ordinary observer would become so well acquainted either with
+Dr. Johnson, or with the manners of the Hebrides, by a personal
+intercourse, as by a perusal of your _Journal_.
+
+'I am, very truly,
+
+'Dear Sir,
+
+'Your most obedient,
+
+'And affectionate humble servant,
+
+'WILLIAM FORBES.'
+
+When I consider how many of the persons mentioned in this Tour
+are now gone to 'that undiscovered country, from whose bourne no
+traveller returns[1145],' I feel an impression at once awful and
+tender.--_Requiescant in pace!_
+
+It may be objected by some persons, as it has been by one of my friends,
+that he who has the power of thus exhibiting an exact transcript of
+conversations is not a desirable member of society. I repeat the answer
+which I made to that friend:--'Few, very few, need be afraid that their
+sayings will be recorded. Can it be imagined that I would take the
+trouble to gather what grows on every hedge, because I have collected
+such fruits as the _Nonpareil_ and the BON CHRETIEN[1146]?'
+
+On the other hand, how useful is such a faculty, if well exercised! To
+it we owe all those interesting apophthegms and _memorabilia_ of the
+ancients, which Plutarch, Xenophon, and Valerius Maximus, have
+transmitted to us. To it we owe all those instructive and entertaining
+collections which the French have made under the title of _Ana_, affixed
+to some celebrated name. To it we owe the _Table-Talk_ of Selden[1147],
+the _Conversation_ between Ben Jonson and Drummond of Hawthornden,
+Spence's _Anecdotes_ of Pope[1148], and other valuable remains in our
+own language. How delighted should we have been, if thus introduced into
+the company of Shakspeare and of Dryden[1149], of whom we know scarcely
+any thing but their admirable writings! What pleasure would it have
+given us, to have known their petty habits, their characteristick
+manners, their modes of composition, and their genuine opinion of
+preceding writers and of their contemporaries! All these are now
+irrecoverably lost. Considering how many of the strongest and most
+brilliant effusions of exalted intellect must have perished, how much is
+it to be regretted that all men of distinguished wisdom and wit have not
+been attended by friends, of taste enough to relish, and abilities
+enough to register their conversation;
+
+     'Vixere fortes ante Agamemnona
+      Multi, sed omnes illacrymabiles
+      Urgentur, ignotique longa
+      Nocte, carent quia vate sacro[1150].'
+
+They whose inferiour exertions are recorded, as serving to explain or
+illustrate the sayings of such men, may be proud of being thus
+associated, and of their names being transmitted to posterity, by being
+appended to an illustrious character.
+
+Before I conclude, I think it proper to say, that I have
+suppressed[1151] every thing which I thought could _really_ hurt any
+one now living. Vanity and self-conceit indeed may sometimes suffer.
+With respect to what _is_ related, I considered it my duty to 'extenuate
+nothing, nor set down aught in malice[1152];' and with those lighter
+strokes of Dr. Johnson's satire, proceeding from a warmth and quickness
+of imagination, not from any malevolence of heart, and which, on account
+of their excellence, could not be omitted, I trust that they who are the
+subject of them have good sense and good temper enough not to be
+displeased.
+
+I have only to add, that I shall ever reflect with great pleasure on a
+Tour, which has been the means of preserving so much of the enlightened
+and instructive conversation of one whose virtues will, I hope, ever be
+an object of imitation, and whose powers of mind were so extraordinary,
+that ages may revolve before such a man shall again appear.
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+No. I.
+
+_In justice to the ingenious_ DR. BLACKLOCK, _I publish the following
+letter from him, relative to a passage in p. 47._
+
+'TO JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ.
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+
+'Having lately had the pleasure of reading your account of the journey
+which you took with Dr. Samuel Johnson to the Western Isles, I take the
+liberty of transmitting my ideas of the conversation which happened
+between the doctor and myself concerning Lexicography and Poetry, which,
+as it is a little different from the delineation exhibited in the former
+edition of your _Journal_, cannot, I hope, be unacceptable; particularly
+since I have been informed that a second edition of that work is now in
+contemplation, if not in execution: and I am still more strongly tempted
+to encourage that hope, from considering that, if every one concerned in
+the conversations related, were to send you what they can recollect of
+these colloquial entertainments, many curious and interesting
+particulars might be recovered, which the most assiduous attention could
+not observe, nor the most tenacious memory retain. A little reflection,
+Sir, will convince you, that there is not an axiom in Euclid more
+intuitive nor more evident than the doctor's assertion that poetry was
+of much easier execution than lexicography. Any mind therefore endowed
+with common sense, must have been extremely absent from itself, if it
+discovered the least astonishment from hearing that a poem might be
+written with much more facility than the same quantity of a dictionary.
+
+'The real cause of my surprise was what appeared to me much more
+paradoxical, that he could write a sheet of dictionary _with as much
+pleasure_ as a sheet of poetry. He acknowledged, indeed, that the latter
+was much easier than the former. For in the one case, books and a desk
+were requisite; in the other, you might compose when lying in bed, or
+walking in the fields, &c. He did not, however, descend to explain, nor
+to this moment can I comprehend, how the labours of a mere Philologist,
+in the most refined sense of that term, could give equal pleasure with
+the exercise of a mind replete with elevated conceptions and pathetic
+ideas, while taste, fancy, and intellect were deeply enamoured of
+nature, and in full exertion. You may likewise, perhaps, remember, that
+when I complained of the ground which Scepticism in religion and morals
+was continually gaining, it did not appear to be on my own account, as
+my private opinions upon these important subjects had long been
+inflexibly determined. What I then deplored, and still deplore, was the
+unhappy influence which that gloomy hesitation had, not only upon
+particular characters, but even upon life in general; as being equally
+the bane of action in our present state, and of such consolations as we
+might derive from the hopes of a future.
+
+'I have the pleasure of remaining with sincere esteem and respect,
+
+'Dear Sir,
+
+'Your most obedient humble servant,
+
+'THOMAS BLACKLOCK.'
+
+'Edinburgh, Nov. 12, 1785.'
+
+I am very happy to find that Dr. Blacklock's apparent uneasiness on the
+subject of Scepticism was not on his own account, (as I supposed) but
+from a benevolent concern for the happiness of mankind. With respect,
+however, to the question concerning poetry, and composing a dictionary,
+I am confident that my state of Dr. Johnson's position is accurate. One
+may misconceive the motive by which a person is induced to discuss a
+particular topick (as in the case of Dr. Blacklock's speaking of
+Scepticism); but an assertion, like that made by Dr. Johnson, cannot be
+easily mistaken. And indeed it seems not very probable, that he who so
+pathetically laments the _drudgery_[1153] to which the unhappy
+lexicographer is doomed, and is known to have written his splendid
+imitation of _Juvenal_ with astonishing rapidity[1154], should have had
+'as much pleasure in writing a sheet of a dictionary as a sheet of
+poetry[1155].' Nor can I concur with the ingenious writer of the
+foregoing letter, in thinking it an axiom as evident as any in Euclid,
+that 'poetry is of easier execution than lexicography.' I have no doubt
+that Bailey[1156], and the 'mighty blunderbuss of law[1157],' Jacob,
+wrote ten pages of their respective _Dictionaries_ with more ease than
+they could have written five pages of poetry.
+
+If this book should again be reprinted, I shall with the utmost
+readiness correct any errours I may have committed, in stating
+conversations, provided it can be clearly shewn to me that I have been
+inaccurate. But I am slow to believe, (as I have elsewhere
+observed[1158]) that any man's memory, at the distance of several years,
+can preserve facts or sayings with such fidelity as may be done by
+writing them down when they are recent: and I beg it may be remembered,
+that it is not upon _memory_, but upon what was _written at the time_,
+that the authenticity of my _Journal_ rests.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+No. II.
+
+Verses written by Sir Alexander (now Lord) Macdonald; addressed and
+presented to Dr. Johnson, at Armidale in the Isle of Sky[1159].
+
+     Viator, o qui nostra per aequora
+     Visurus agros Skiaticos venis,
+       En te salutantes tributim
+         Undique conglomerantur oris.
+
+     Donaldiani,--quotquot in insulis
+     Compescit arctis limitibus mare;
+       Alitque jamdudum, ac alendos
+         Piscibus indigenas fovebit.
+
+     Ciere fluctus siste, Procelliger,
+     Nec tu laborans perge, precor, ratis,
+       Ne conjugem plangat marita,
+         Ne doleat soboles parentem.
+
+     Nec te vicissim poeniteat virum
+     Luxisse;--vestro scimus ut aestuant
+       In corde luctantes dolores,
+         Cum feriant inopina corpus.
+
+     Quidni! peremptum clade tuentibus
+     Plus semper illo qui moritur pati
+       Datur, doloris dum profundos
+         Pervia mens aperit recessus.
+
+     Valete luctus;--hinc lacrymabiles
+     Arcete visus:--ibimus, ibimus
+       Superbienti qua theatro
+         Fingaliae memorantur aulae.
+
+     Illustris hospes! mox spatiabere
+     Qua mens ruinae ducta meatibus
+       Gaudebit explorare coetus,
+         Buccina qua cecinit triumphos;
+
+     Audin? resurgens spirat anhelitu
+     Dux usitato, suscitat efficax
+       Poeta manes, ingruitque
+         Vi solitâ redivivus horror.
+
+     Ahaena quassans tela gravi manu
+     Sic ibat atrox Ossiani pater:
+       Quiescat urnâ, stet fidelis
+         Phersonius vigil ad favillam.
+
+
+
+
+_Preparing for the Press, in one Volume Quarto_,
+
+THE LIFE OF SAMUEL JOHNSON, LL.D.
+
+BY _JAMES BOSWELL_, ESQ.
+
+Mr. Boswell has been collecting materials for this work for more than
+twenty years, during which he was honoured with the intimate friendship
+of Dr. Johnson; to whose memory he is ambitious to erect a literary
+monument, worthy of so great an authour, and so excellent a man. Dr.
+Johnson was well informed of his design, and obligingly communicated to
+him several curious particulars. With these will be interwoven the most
+authentick accounts that can be obtained from those who knew him best;
+many sketches of his conversation on a multiplicity of subjects, with
+various persons, some of them the most eminent of the age; a great
+number of letters from him at different periods, and several original
+pieces dictated by him to Mr. Boswell, distinguished by that peculiar
+energy, which marked every emanation of his mind.
+
+Mr. Boswell takes this opportunity of gratefully acknowledging the many
+valuable communications which he has received to enable him to render
+his _Life of Dr. Johnson_ more complete. His thanks are particularly due
+to the Rev. Dr. Adams, the Rev. Dr. Taylor, Sir Joshua Reynolds, Mr.
+Langton, Dr. Brocklesby, the Rev. Thomas Warton, Mr. Hector of
+Birmingham, Mrs. Porter, and Miss Seward.
+
+He has already obtained a large collection of Dr. Johnson's letters to
+his friends, and shall be much obliged for such others as yet remain in
+private hands; which he is the more desirous of collecting, as all the
+letters of that great man, which he has yet seen, are written with
+peculiar precision and elegance; and he is confident that the
+publication of the whole of Dr. Johnson's epistolary correspondence
+will do him the highest honour.
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX A.
+
+(_Page_ 80.)
+
+As no one reads Warburton now--I bought the five volumes of his
+_Divine Legation_ in excellent condition, bound in calf, for ten pence--one
+or two extracts from his writing may be of interest. His Dedication
+of that work to the Free-Thinkers is as vigorous as it is abusive. It has
+such passages as the following:--'Low and mean as your buffoonery is,
+it is yet to the level of the people:' p. xi. 'I have now done with
+your buffoonery, which, like chewed bullets, is against the law of arms;
+and come next to your scurrilities, those stink-pots of your offensive
+war.' _Ib. p. xxii_. On page xl. he returns again to their '_cold_
+buffoonery.' In the Appendix to vol. v, p. 414, he thus wittily replies
+to Lowth, who had maintained that 'idolatry was punished under the
+DOMINION of Melchisedec'(p. 409):--'Melchisedec's story is a short
+one; he is just brought into the scene to _bless_ Abraham in his return
+from conquest. This promises but ill. Had this _King and Priest of
+Salem_ been brought in _cursing_, it had had a better appearance: for, I
+think, punishment for opinions which generally ends in a _fagot_ always
+begins with a _curse_. But we may be misled perhaps by a wrong translation.
+The Hebrew word to _bless_ signifies likewise to _curse_, and under
+the management of an intolerant priest good things easily run into their
+contraries. What follows is his taking _tythes_ from Abraham. Nor will
+this serve our purpose, unless we interpret these _tythes_ into _fines for
+non-conformity_; and then by the _blessing_ we can easily understand
+_absolution_. We have seen much stranger things done with the _Hebrew
+verity_. If this be not allowed, I do not see how we can elicit fire and
+fagot from this adventure; for I think there is no inseparable connexion
+between _tythes_ and _persecution_ but in the ideas of a Quaker.--And
+so much for King Melchisedec. But the learned _Professor_, who
+has been hardily brought up in the keen atmosphere of WHOLESOME
+SEVERITIES and early taught to distinguish between _de facto_ and _de
+jure_, thought it 'needless to enquire into _facts_, when he was secure
+of the _right_'.
+
+This 'keen atmosphere of wholesome severities' reappears by the
+way in Mason's continuation of Gray's Ode to Vicissitude:--
+
+     'That breathes the keen yet wholesome air
+      Of rugged penury.'
+
+And later in the first book of Wordsworth's _Excursion_
+(ed. 1857, vi. 29):--
+
+     'The keen, the wholesome air of poverty.'
+
+Johnson said of Warburton: 'His abilities gave him an haughty confidence,
+which he disdained to conceal or mollify; and his impatience
+of opposition disposed him to treat his adversaries with such contemptuous
+superiority as made his readers commonly his enemies, and
+excited against the advocate the wishes of some who favoured the cause.
+He seems to have adopted the Roman Emperour's determination,
+_oderint dum metuant_; he used no allurements of gentle language, but
+wished to compel rather than persuade.' Johnson's _Works_, viii. 288.
+See _ante_, ii. 36, and iv. 46.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+APPENDIX B.
+
+(_Page_ 158.)
+
+Johnson's Ode written in Sky was thus translated by Lord
+Houghton:--
+
+     'Where constant mist enshrouds the rocks,
+      Shattered in earth's primeval shocks,
+      And niggard Nature ever mocks
+                The labourer's toil,
+      I roam through clans of savage men,
+      Untamed by arts, untaught by pen;
+      Or cower within some squalid den
+                O'er reeking soil.
+
+      Through paths that halt from stone to stone,
+      Amid the din of tongues unknown,
+      One image haunts my soul alone,
+                Thine, gentle Thrale!
+      Soothes she, I ask, her spouse's care?
+      Does mother-love its charge prepare?
+      Stores she her mind with knowledge rare,
+                Or lively tale?
+
+Forget me not! thy faith I claim,
+      Holding a faith that cannot die,
+      That fills with thy benignant name
+                These shores of Sky.'
+
+Hayward's _Piozzi_, i. 29.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+APPENDIX C.
+
+(_Page_ 307.)
+
+Johnson's use of the word _big_, where he says 'I wish thy books were
+twice as big,' enables me to explain a passage in _The Life of Johnson
+(ante_, iii. 348) which had long puzzled me. Boswell there represents
+him as saying:--'A man who loses at play, or who runs out his fortune at
+court, makes his estate less, in hopes of making it _bigger_.' Boswell
+adds in a parenthesis:--'I am sure of this word, which was often used by
+him.' He had been criticised by a writer in the _Gent. Mag_. 1785, p.
+968, who quoting from the text the words 'a _big_ book,' says:--'Mr.
+Boswell has made his friend (as in a few other passages) guilty of a
+_Scotticism_. An Englishman reads and writes a _large_ book, and wears a
+_great_ (not a _big_ or _bag_) coat.' When Boswell came to publish _The
+Life of Johnson_, he took the opportunity to justify himself, though he
+did not care to refer directly to his anonymous critic. This
+explanation I discovered too late to insert in the text.
+
+
+
+
+A JOURNEY
+
+INTO
+
+NORTH WALES,
+
+IN
+
+THE YEAR 1774.[1160]
+
+
+TUESDAY, JULY 5.
+
+We left Streatham 11 a.m.
+Price of four horses 2s. a mile.
+
+JULY 6.
+
+Barnet 1.40 p.m.
+On the road I read Tully's _Epistles_.
+At night at Dunstable.
+To Lichfield, 83 miles.
+To the Swan[1161].
+
+JULY 7.
+
+To Mrs. Porter's[1162].
+To the Cathedral.
+To Mrs. Aston's.
+To Mr. Green's.
+Mr. Green's Museum was much admired, and
+Mr. Newton's china.
+
+JULY 8.
+
+To Mr. Newton's. To Mrs. Cobb's.
+Dr. Darwin's[1163]. I went again to Mrs. Aston's. She was sorry to part.
+
+JULY 9.
+
+Breakfasted at Mr. Garrick's.
+Visited Miss Vyse[1164].
+Miss Seward.
+Went to Dr. Taylor's.
+I read a little on the road in Tully's _Epistles_ and _Martial_.
+Mart. 8th, 44, 'lino pro limo[1165].'
+
+JULY 10.
+Morning, at church. Company at dinner.
+
+JULY 11.
+
+At Ham[1166]. At Oakover. I was less pleased with Ham than when I saw it
+first, but my friends were much delighted.
+
+JULY 12.
+
+At Chatsworth. The Water willow. The cascade shot out from many spouts.
+The fountains[1167]. The water tree[1168]. The smooth floors in the
+highest rooms. Atlas, fifteen hands inch and half[1169].
+
+River running through the park. The porticoes on the sides support two
+galleries for the first floor.
+
+My friends were not struck with the house. It fell below my ideas of the
+furniture. The staircase is in the corner of the house. The hall in the
+corner the grandest room, though only a room of passage.
+
+On the ground-floor, only the chapel and breakfast-room, and a small
+library; the rest, servants' rooms and offices[1170].
+
+A bad inn.
+
+JULY 13.
+
+At Matlock.
+
+JULY 14.
+
+At dinner at Oakover; too deaf to hear, or much converse. Mrs. Gell.
+
+The chapel at Oakover. The wood of the pews grossly painted. I could not
+read the epitaph. Would learn the old hands.
+
+JULY 15.
+
+At Ashbourn. Mrs. Diot and her daughters came in the morning. Mr. Diot
+dined with us. We visited Mr. Flint.
+
+     [Greek: To proton Moros, to de deuteron ei en Erasmos,
+     To triton ek Mouson stemma Mikullos echei.][1171]
+
+JULY 16.
+
+At Dovedale, with Mr. Langley[1172] and Mr. Flint. It is a place that
+deserves a visit; but did not answer my expectation. The river is small,
+the rocks are grand. Reynard's Hall is a cave very high in the rock; it
+goes backward several yards, perhaps eight. To the left is a small
+opening, through which I crept, and found another cavern, perhaps four
+yards square; at the back was a breach yet smaller, which I could not
+easily have entered, and, wanting light, did not inspect.
+
+I was in a cave yet higher, called Reynard's Kitchen. There is a rock
+called the Church, in which I saw no resemblance that could justify
+the name.
+
+Dovedale is about two miles long. We walked towards the head of the
+Dove, which is said to rise about five miles above two caves called the
+Dog-holes, at the end of Dovedale.
+
+In one place, where the rocks approached, I proposed to build an arch
+from rock to rock over the stream, with a summer-house upon it.
+
+The water murmured pleasantly among the stones.
+
+I thought that the heat and exercise mended my hearing. I bore the
+fatigue of the walk, which was very laborious, without inconvenience.
+
+There were with us Gilpin[1173] and Parker[1174]. Having heard of this
+place before, I had formed some imperfect idea, to which it did not
+answer. Brown[1175] says he was disappointed. I certainly expected a
+larger river where I found only a clear quick brook. I believe I had
+imaged a valley enclosed by rocks, and terminated by a broad expanse
+of water.
+
+He that has seen Dovedale has no need to visit the Highlands.
+
+In the afternoon we visited old Mrs. Dale.
+
+JULY 17.
+
+Sunday morning, at church.
+
+Afternoon, at Mr. Diot's.
+
+JULY 18.
+
+Dined at Mr. Gell's[1176].
+
+JULY 19.
+
+We went to Kedleston[1177] to see Lord Scarsdale's new house, which is
+very costly, but ill contrived. The hall is very stately, lighted by
+three skylights; it has two rows of marble pillars, dug, as I hear from
+Langley, in a quarry of Northamptonshire; the pillars are very large and
+massy, and take up too much room; they were better away. Behind the hall
+is a circular saloon, useless, and therefore ill contrived.
+
+The corridors that join the wings to the body are mere passages through
+segments of circles. The state bed-chamber was very richly furnished.
+The dining parlour was more splendid with gilt plate than any that I
+have seen. There were many pictures. The grandeur was all below. The
+bedchambers were small, low, dark, and fitter for a prison than a house
+of splendour. The kitchen has an opening into the gallery, by which its
+heat and its fumes are dispersed over the house. There seemed in the
+whole more cost than judgment.
+
+We went then to the silk mill at Derby[1178], where I remarked a
+particular manner of propagating motion from a horizontal to a
+vertical wheel.
+
+We were desired to leave the men only two shillings. Mr. Thrale's bill
+at the inn for dinner was eighteen shillings and tenpence.
+
+At night I went to Mr. Langley's, Mrs. Wood's, Captain Astle, &c.
+
+JULY 20.
+
+We left Ashbourn and went to Buxton, thence to Pool's Hole, which is
+narrow at first, but then rises into a high arch; but is so obstructed
+with crags, that it is difficult to walk in it. There are two ways to
+the end, which is, they say, six hundred and fifty yards from the mouth.
+They take passengers up the higher way, and bring them back the lower.
+The higher way was so difficult and dangerous, that, having tried it, I
+desisted. I found no level part.
+
+At night we came to Macclesfield, a very large town in Cheshire, little
+known. It has a silk mill: it has a handsome church, which, however, is
+but a chapel, for the town belongs to some parish of another name[1179],
+as Stourbridge lately did to Old Swinford.
+
+Macclesfield has a town-hall, and is, I suppose, a corporate town.
+
+JULY 21.
+
+We came to Congleton, where there is likewise a silk mill. Then to
+Middlewich, a mean old town, without any manufacture, but, I think, a
+Corporation. Thence we proceeded to Namptwich, an old town: from the
+inn, I saw scarcely any but black timber houses. I tasted the brine
+water, which contains much more salt than the sea water. By slow
+evaporation, they make large crystals of salt; by quick boiling, small
+granulations. It seemed to have no other preparation.
+
+At evening we came to Combermere[1180], so called from a wide lake.
+
+JULY 22.
+
+We went upon the Mere. I pulled a bulrush of about ten feet. I saw no
+convenient boats upon the Mere.
+
+JULY 23.
+
+We visited Lord Kilmorey's house[1181]. It is large and convenient, with
+many rooms, none of which are magnificently spacious. The furniture was
+not splendid. The bed-curtains were guarded[1182]. Lord Kilmorey shewed
+the place with too much exultation. He has no park, and little
+water[1183].
+
+JULY 24.
+
+We went to a chapel, built by Sir Lynch Cotton for his tenants. It is
+consecrated, and therefore, I suppose, endowed. It is neat and plain.
+The Communion plate is handsome. It has iron pales and gates of great
+elegance, brought from Lleweney, 'for Robert has laid all open[1184].'
+
+We saw Hawkestone, the seat of Sir Rowland Hill, and were conducted by
+Miss Hill over a large tract of rocks and woods; a region abounding with
+striking scenes and terrifick grandeur. We were always on the brink of a
+precipice, or at the foot of a lofty rock; but the steeps were seldom
+naked: in many places, oaks of uncommon magnitude shot up from the
+crannies of stone; and where there were not tall trees, there were
+underwoods and bushes.
+
+Round the rocks is a narrow patch cut upon the stone, which is very
+frequently hewn into steps; but art has proceeded no further than to
+make the succession of wonders safely accessible. The whole circuit is
+somewhat laborious; it is terminated by a grotto cut in a rock to a
+great extent, with many windings, and supported by pillars, not hewn
+into regularity, but such as imitate the sports of nature, by asperities
+and protuberances.
+
+The place is without any dampness, and would afford an habitation not
+uncomfortable. There were from space to space seats in the rock. Though
+it wants water, it excels Dovedale by the extent of its prospects, the
+awfulness of its shades, the horrors of its precipices, the verdure of
+its hollows, and the loftiness of its rocks: the ideas which it forces
+upon the mind are, the sublime, the dreadful, and the vast. Above is
+inaccessible altitude, below is horrible profundity. But it excels the
+garden of Ilam only in extent.
+
+Ilam has grandeur, tempered with softness; the walker congratulates his
+own arrival at the place, and is grieved to think that he must ever
+leave it. As he looks up to the rocks, his thoughts are elevated; as he
+turns his eyes on the vallies, he is composed and soothed.
+
+He that mounts the precipices at Hawkestone, wonders how he came
+thither, and doubts how he shall return. His walk is an adventure, and
+his departure an escape. He has not the tranquillity, but the horror, of
+solitude; a kind of turbulent pleasure, between fright and admiration.
+
+Ilam is the fit abode of pastoral virtue, and might properly diffuse its
+shades over Nymphs and Swains. Hawkestone can have no fitter inhabitants
+than giants of mighty bone and bold emprise[1185]; men of lawless
+courage and heroic violence. Hawkestone should be described by Milton,
+and Ilam by Parnel.
+
+Miss Hill shewed the whole succession of wonders with great civility.
+The house was magnificent, compared with the rank of the owner.
+
+JULY 26.
+
+We left Combermere, where we have been treated with great civility. Sir
+L. is gross, the lady weak and ignorant. The house is spacious, but not
+magnificent; built at different times, with different materials; part is
+of timber, part of stone or brick, plastered and painted to look like
+timber. It is the best house that I ever saw of that kind.
+
+The Mere, or Lake, is large, with a small island, on which there is a
+summer-house, shaded with great trees; some were hollow, and have seats
+in their trunks.
+
+In the afternoon we came to West-Chester; (my father went to the fair,
+when I had the small-pox). We walked round the walls, which are
+compleat, and contain one mile three quarters, and one hundred and one
+yards; within them are many gardens: they are very high, and two may
+walk very commodiously side by side. On the inside is a rail. There are
+towers from space to space, not very frequent, and, I think, not all
+compleat[1186].
+
+JULY 27.
+
+We staid at Chester and saw the Cathedral, which is not of the first
+rank. The Castle. In one of the rooms the Assizes are held, and the
+refectory of the Old Abbey, of which part is a grammar school. The
+master seemed glad to see me. The cloister is very solemn; over it are
+chambers in which the singing men live.
+
+In one part of the street was a subterranean arch, very strongly built;
+in another, what they called, I believe rightly, a Roman hypocaust.
+
+Chester has many curiosities.
+
+JULY 28.
+
+We entered Wales, dined at Mold, and came to Lleweney[1187].
+
+JULY 29.
+
+We were at Lleweney.
+
+In the lawn at Lleweney is a spring of fine water, which rises above the
+surface into a stone basin, from which it runs to waste, in a continual
+stream, through a pipe.
+
+There are very large trees.
+
+The Hall at Lleweney is forty feet long, and twenty-eight broad. The
+gallery one hundred and twenty feet long, (all paved.) The Library
+forty-two feet long, and twenty-eight broad. The Dining-parlours
+thirty-six feet long, and twenty-six broad.
+
+It is partly sashed, and partly has casements.
+
+JULY 30.
+
+We went to Bâch y Graig, where we found an old house, built 1567, in an
+uncommon and incommodious form. My Mistress[1188] chattered about
+tiring, but I prevailed on her to go to the top. The floors have been
+stolen: the windows are stopped.
+
+The house was less than I seemed to expect; the river Clwyd is a brook
+with a bridge of one arch, about one third of a mile.
+
+The woods[1189] have many trees, generally young; but some which seem to
+decay. They have been lopped. The house never had a garden. The addition
+of another story would make an useful house, but it cannot be great.
+Some buildings which Clough, the founder, intended for warehouses, would
+make store-chambers and servants' rooms[1190]. The ground seems to be
+good. I wish it well.
+
+JULY 31.  We went to church at St. Asaph. The Cathedral, though not
+large, has something of dignity and grandeur. The cross aisle is very
+short. It has scarcely any monuments. The Quire has, I think, thirty-two
+stalls of antique workmanship. On the backs were CANONICUS, PREBEND,
+CANCELLARIUS, THESAURARIUS, PRAECENTOR. The constitution I do not know,
+but it has all the usual titles and dignities. The service was sung only
+in the Psalms and Hymns.
+
+The Bishop was very civil[1191]. We went to his palace, which is but
+mean. They have a library, and design a room. There lived Lloyd[1192]
+and Dodwell[1193].
+
+AUGUST 1.
+
+We visited Denbigh, and the remains of its Castle.
+
+The town consists of one main street, and some that cross it, which I
+have not seen. The chief street ascends with a quick rise for a great
+length: the houses are built, some with rough stone, some with brick,
+and a few are of timber.
+
+The Castle, with its whole enclosure, has been a prodigious pile; it is
+now so ruined, that the form of the inhabited part cannot easily
+be traced.
+
+There are, as in all old buildings, said to be extensive vaults, which
+the ruins of the upper works cover and conceal, but into which boys
+sometimes find a way. To clear all passages, and trace the whole of what
+remains, would require much labour and expense. We saw a Church, which
+was once the Chapel of the Castle, but is used by the town: it is
+dedicated to St. Hilary, and has an income of about--
+
+At a small distance is the ruin of a Church said to have been begun by
+the great Earl of Leicester[1194], and left unfinished at his death. One
+side, and I think the east end, are yet standing. There was a stone in
+the wall, over the door-way, which it was said would fall and crush the
+best scholar in the diocese. One Price would not pass under it[1195].
+They have taken it down.
+
+We then saw the Chapel of Lleweney, founded by one of the Salusburies:
+it is very compleat: the monumental stones lie in the ground. A chimney
+has been added to it, but it is otherwise not much injured, and might be
+easily repaired.
+
+We went to the parish Church of Denbigh, which, being near a mile from
+the town, is only used when the parish officers are chosen.
+
+In the Chapel, on Sundays, the service is read thrice, the second time
+only in English, the first and third in Welsh. The Bishop came to survey
+the Castle, and visited likewise St. Hilary's Chapel, which is that
+which the town uses. The hay-barn, built with brick pillars from space
+to space, and covered with a roof. A more[1196] elegant and lofty Hovel.
+
+The rivers here, are mere torrents which are suddenly swelled by the
+rain to great breadth and great violence, but have very little constant
+stream; such are the Clwyd and the Elwy. There are yet no mountains. The
+ground is beautifully embellished with woods, and diversified by
+inequalities.
+
+In the parish church of Denbigh is a bas relief of Lloyd the antiquary,
+who was before Camden. He is kneeling at his prayers[1197].
+
+AUGUST 2.
+
+We rode to a summer-house of Mr. Cotton, which has a very extensive
+prospect; it is meanly built, and unskilfully disposed.
+
+We went to Dymerchion Church, where the old clerk acknowledged his
+Mistress. It is the parish church of Bâch y Graig. A mean fabrick: Mr.
+Salusbury[1198] was buried in it. Bâch y Graig has fourteen seats
+in it.
+
+As we rode by, I looked at the house again. We saw Llannerch, a house
+not mean, with a small park very well watered. There was an avenue of
+oaks, which, in a foolish compliance with the present mode, has been cut
+down[1199]. A few are yet standing. The owner's name is Davies.
+
+The way lay through pleasant lanes, and overlooked a region beautifully
+diversified with trees and grass[1200].
+
+At Dymerchion Church there is English service only once a month. This is
+about twenty miles from the English border.
+
+The old clerk had great appearance of joy at the sight of his Mistress,
+and foolishly said, that he was now willing to die. He had only a crown
+given him by my Mistress[1201].
+
+At Dymerchion Church the texts on the walls are in Welsh.
+
+AUGUST 3.
+
+     We went in the coach to Holywell.
+     Talk with Mistress about flattery[1202].
+
+Holywell is a market town, neither very small nor mean. The spring
+called Winifred's Well is very clear, and so copious, that it yields one
+hundred tuns of water in a minute. It is all at once a very great
+stream, which, within perhaps thirty yards of its eruption, turns a
+mill, and in a course of two miles, eighteen mills more. In descent, it
+is very quick. It then falls into the sea. The well is covered by a
+lofty circular arch, supported by pillars; and over this arch is an old
+chapel, now a school. The chancel is separated by a wall. The bath is
+completely and indecently open. A woman bathed while we all looked on.
+
+In the Church, which makes a good appearance, and is surrounded by
+galleries to receive a numerous congregation, we were present while a
+child was christened in Welsh.
+
+We went down by the stream to see a prospect, in which I had no part. We
+then saw a brass work, where the lapis calaminaris[1203] is gathered,
+broken, washed from the earth and the lead, though how the lead was
+separated I did not see; then calcined, afterwards ground fine, and then
+mixed by fire with the copper.
+
+We saw several strong fires with melting pots, but the construction of
+the fire-places I did not learn.
+
+At a copper-work which receives its pigs of copper, I think, from
+Warrington, we saw a plate of copper put hot between steel rollers, and
+spread thin; I know not whether the upper roller was set to a certain
+distance, as I suppose, or acted only by its weight.
+
+At an iron-work I saw round bars formed by a knotched hammer and anvil.
+There I saw a bar of about half an inch, or more, square cut with shears
+worked by water, and then beaten hot into a thinner bar. The hammers all
+worked, as they were, by water, acting upon small bodies, moved very
+quick, as quick as by the hand.
+
+I then saw wire drawn, and gave a shilling. I have enlarged my
+notions[1204], though not being able to see the movements, and having
+not time to peep closely, I know less than I might. I was less weary,
+and had better breath, as I walked farther.
+
+AUGUST 4.
+
+Ruthin Castle is still a very noble ruin; all the walls still remain, so
+that a compleat platform, and elevations, not very imperfect, may be
+taken. It encloses a square of about thirty yards. The middle space was
+always open.
+
+The wall is, I believe, about thirty feet high, very thick, flanked with
+six round towers, each about eighteen feet, or less, in diameter. Only
+one tower had a chimney, so that there was[1205] commodity of living. It
+was only a place of strength. The garrison had, perhaps, tents in
+the area.
+
+Stapylton's house is pretty[1206]: there are pleasing shades about it,
+with a constant spring that supplies a cold bath. We then went to see
+a Cascade.
+
+I trudged unwillingly, and was not sorry to find it dry. The water was,
+however, turned on, and produced a very striking cataract. They are paid
+an hundred pounds a year for permission to divert the stream to the
+mines. The river, for such it may be termed[1207], rises from a single
+spring, which, like that of Winifred's, is covered with a building.
+
+We called then at another house belonging to Mr. Lloyd, which made a
+handsome appearance. This country seems full of very splendid houses.
+
+Mrs. Thrale lost her purse. She expressed so much uneasiness, that I
+concluded the sum to be very great; but when I heard of only seven
+guineas, I was glad to find that she had so much sensibility of money.
+
+I could not drink this day either coffee or tea after dinner. I know not
+when I missed before.
+
+AUGUST 5.
+
+Last night my sleep was remarkably quiet. I know not whether by fatigue
+in walking, or by forbearance of tea[1208].
+
+I gave the ipecacuanha[1209]. Vin. emet. had failed; so had tartar emet.
+
+I dined at Mr. Myddleton's, of Gwaynynog. The house was a gentleman's
+house, below the second rate, perhaps below the third, built of stone
+roughly cut. The rooms were low, and the passage above stairs gloomy,
+but the furniture was good. The table was well supplied, except that the
+fruit was bad. It was truly the dinner of a country gentleman. Two
+tables were filled with company, not inelegant.
+
+After dinner, the talk was of preserving the Welsh language. I offered
+them a scheme. Poor Evan Evans was mentioned, as incorrigibly addicted
+to strong drink. Worthington[1210] was commended. Myddleton is the only
+man, who, in Wales, has talked to me of literature. I wish he were truly
+zealous. I recommended the republication of David ap Rhees's
+Welsh Grammar.
+
+Two sheets of _Hebrides_ came to me for correction to-day, F.G.[1211]
+
+AUGUST 6.
+
+I corrected the two sheets. My sleep last night was disturbed.
+
+Washing at Chester and here, 5_s_. 1_d_.
+
+I did not read.
+
+I saw to-day more of the out-houses at Lleweney. It is, in the whole, a
+very spacious house.
+
+AUGUST 7.
+
+I was at Church at Bodfari. There was a service used for a sick woman,
+not canonically, but such as I have heard, I think, formerly at
+Lichfield, taken out of the visitation.
+
+The Church is mean, but has a square tower for the bells, rather too
+stately for the Church.
+
+OBSERVATIONS.
+
+Dixit injustus, Ps. 36, has no relation to the English[1212].
+
+Preserve us, Lord, has the name of Robert Wisedome, 1618.--Barker's
+_Bible_[1213].
+
+Battologiam ab iteratione, recte distinguit Erasmus.--_Mod. Orandi
+Deum_, p. 56-144[1214].
+
+Southwell's Thoughts of his own death[1215].
+
+Baudius on Erasmus[1216].
+
+AUGUST 8.
+
+The Bishop and much company dined at Lleweney. Talk of Greek--and of the
+army[1217]. The Duke of Marlborough's officers useless. Read
+_Phocylidis_[1218], distinguished the paragraphs. I looked in Leland: an
+unpleasant book of mere hints.
+
+Lichfield School, ten pounds; and five pounds from the Hospital[1219].
+
+AUGUST 10.
+
+At Lloyd's, of Maesmynnan; a good house, and a very large walled garden.
+I read Windus's Account of his _Journey to Mequinez_, and of Stewart's
+Embassy[1220]. I had read in the morning Wasse's _Greek Trochaics to
+Bentley_. They appeared inelegant, and made with difficulty. The Latin
+Elegy contains only common-place, hastily expressed, so far as I have
+read, for it is long. They seem to be the verses of a scholar, who has
+no practice of writing. The Greek I did not always fully understand. I
+am in doubt about the sixth and last paragraphs, perhaps they are not
+printed right, for [Greek: eutokon] perhaps [Greek: eustochon.] q?
+
+The following days I read here and there. The _Bibliotheca Literaria_
+was so little supplied with papers that could interest curiosity, that
+it could not hope for long continuance[1221]. Wasse, the chief
+contributor, was an unpolished scholar, who, with much literature, had
+no art or elegance of diction, at least in English.
+
+AUGUST 14.
+
+At Bodfari I heard the second lesson read, and the sermon preached in
+Welsh. The text was pronounced both in Welsh and English. The sound of
+the Welsh, in a continued discourse, is not unpleasant.
+
+[Greek: Brosis oligae][1222].
+
+The letter of Chrysostom, against transubstantiation. Erasmus to the
+Nuns, full of mystick notions and allegories.
+
+AUGUST 15.
+
+Imbecillitas genuum non sine aliquantulo doloris inter ambulandum quem a
+prandio magis sensi[1223].
+
+AUGUST 18.
+
+We left Lleweney, and went forwards on our journey.
+
+We came to Abergeley, a mean town, in which little but Welsh is spoken,
+and divine service is seldom performed in English.
+
+Our way then lay to the sea-side, at the foot of a mountain, called
+Penmaen Rhôs. Here the way was so steep, that we walked on the lower
+edge of the hill, to meet the coach, that went upon a road higher on the
+hill. Our walk was not long, nor unpleasant: the longer I walk, the less
+I feel its inconvenience. As I grow warm, my breath mends, and I think
+my limbs grow pliable.
+
+We then came to Conway Ferry, and passed in small boats, with some
+passengers from the stage coach, among whom were an Irish gentlewoman,
+with two maids, and three little children, of which, the youngest was
+only a few months old. The tide did not serve the large ferry-boat, and
+therefore our coach could not very soon follow us. We were, therefore,
+to stay at the Inn. It is now the day of the Race at Conway, and the
+town was so full of company, that no money could purchase lodgings. We
+were not very readily supplied with cold dinner. We would have staid at
+Conway if we could have found entertainment, for we were afraid of
+passing Penmaen Mawr, over which lay our way to Bangor, but by bright
+daylight, and the delay of our coach made our departure necessarily
+late. There was, however, no stay on any other terms, than of sitting up
+all night.
+
+The poor Irish lady was still more distressed. Her children wanted rest.
+She would have been content with one bed, but, for a time, none could be
+had. Mrs. Thrale gave her what help she could. At last two gentlemen
+were persuaded to yield up their room, with two beds, for which she gave
+half a guinea. Our coach was at last brought, and we set out with some
+anxiety, but we came to Penmaen Mawr by daylight; and found a way,
+lately made, very easy, and very safe.[1224] It was cut smooth, and
+enclosed between parallel walls; the outer of which secures the
+passenger from the precipice, which is deep and dreadful. This wall is
+here and there broken, by mischievous wantonness.[1225] The inner wall
+preserves the road from the loose stones, which the shattered steep
+above it would pour down. That side of the mountain seems to have a
+surface of loose stones, which every accident may crumble. The old road
+was higher, and must have been very formidable. The sea beats at the
+bottom of the way.
+
+At evening the moon shone eminently bright; and our thoughts of danger
+being now past, the rest of our journey was very pleasant. At an hour
+somewhat late, we came to Bangor, where we found a very mean inn, and
+had some difficulty to obtain lodging. I lay in a room, where the other
+bed had two men.
+
+AUGUST 19.
+
+We obtained boats to convey us to Anglesey, and saw Lord Bulkeley's
+House, and Beaumaris Castle.
+
+I was accosted by Mr. Lloyd, the Schoolmaster of Beaumaris, who had seen
+me at University College; and he, with Mr. Roberts, the Register of
+Bangor, whose boat we borrowed, accompanied us. Lord Bulkeley's house
+is very mean, but his garden garden is spacious, and shady with large
+trees and smaller interspersed. The walks are straight, and cross each
+other, with no variety of plan; but they have a pleasing coolness, and
+solemn gloom, and extend to a great length.
+
+The castle is a mighty pile; the outward wall has fifteen round towers,
+besides square towers at the angles. There is then a void space between
+the wall and the Castle, which has an area enclosed with a wall, which
+again has towers, larger than those of the outer wall. The towers of the
+inner Castle are, I think, eight. There is likewise a Chapel entire,
+built upon an arch as I suppose, and beautifully arched with a stone
+roof, which is yet unbroken. The entrance into the Chapel is about eight
+or nine feet high, and was, I suppose, higher, when there was no rubbish
+in the area.
+
+This Castle corresponds with all the representations of romancing
+narratives. Here is not wanting the private passage, the dark cavity,
+the deep dungeon, or the lofty tower. We did not discover the Well. This
+is the most compleat view that I have yet had of an old Castle.[1226] It
+had a moat.
+
+The Towers.
+
+We went to Bangor.
+
+AUGUST 20.
+
+We went by water from Bangor to Caernarvon, where we met Paoli and Sir
+Thomas Wynne. Meeting by chance with one Troughton,[1227] an intelligent
+and loquacious wanderer, Mr. Thrale invited him to dinner. He attended
+us to the Castle, an edifice of stupendous magnitude and strength; it
+has in it all that we observed at Beaumaris, and much greater
+dimensions: many of the smaller rooms floored with stone are entire; of
+the larger rooms, the beams and planks are all left: this is the state
+of all buildings left to time. We mounted the Eagle Tower by one hundred
+and sixty-nine steps, each of ten inches. We did not find the Well; nor
+did I trace the Moat; but moats there were, I believe, to all castles on
+the plain, which not only hindered access, but prevented mines. We saw
+but a very small part of this mighty ruin, and in all these old
+buildings, the subterraneous works are concealed by the rubbish.
+
+To survey this place would take much time: I did not think there had
+been such buildings; it surpassed my ideas.
+
+AUGUST 21.
+
+We were at Church; the service in the town is always English; at the
+parish Church at a small distance, always Welsh. The town has by
+degrees, I suppose, been brought nearer to the sea side.
+
+We received an invitation to Dr. Worthington. We then went to dinner at
+Sir Thomas Wynne's,--the dinner mean, Sir Thomas civil, his Lady
+nothing.[1228] Paoli civil.
+
+We supped with Colonel Wynne's Lady, who lives in one of the towers of
+the Castle.
+
+I have not been very well.
+
+AUGUST 22.
+
+We went to visit Bodville, the place where Mrs. Thrale was born; and the
+Churches called Tydweilliog and Llangwinodyl, which she holds by
+impropriation.
+
+We had an invitation to the house of Mr. Griffiths of Bryn o dol, where
+we found a small neat new built house, with square rooms: the walls are
+of unhewn stone, and therefore thick; for the stones not fitting with
+exactness, are not strong without great thickness. He had planted a
+great deal of young wood in walks. Fruit trees do not thrive; but having
+grown a few years, reach some barren stratum and wither.
+
+We found Mr. Griffiths not at home; but the provisions were good. Mr.
+Griffiths came home the next day. He married a lady who has a house and
+estate at [Llanver], over against Anglesea, and near Caernarvon, where
+she is more disposed, as it seems, to reside than at Bryn o dol.
+
+I read Lloyd's account of Mona, which he proves to be Anglesea.
+
+In our way to Bryn o dol, we saw at Llanerk a Church built crosswise,
+very spacious and magnificent for this country. We could not see the
+Parson, and could get no intelligence about it.
+
+AUGUST 24.
+
+We went to see Bodville. Mrs. Thrale remembered the rooms, and wandered
+over them with recollection of her childhood. This species of pleasure
+is always melancholy. The walk was cut down, and the pond was dry.
+Nothing was better.[1229]
+
+We surveyed the Churches, which are mean, and neglected to a degree
+scarcely imaginable. They have no pavement, and the earth is full of
+holes. The seats are rude benches; the Altars have no rails. One of them
+has a breach in the roof. On the desk, I think, of each lay a folio
+Welsh Bible of the black letter, which the curate cannot easily
+read.[1230]
+
+Mr. Thrale purposes to beautify the Churches, and if he prospers, will
+probably restore the tithes. The two parishes are, Llangwinodyl and
+Tydweilliog.[1231] The Methodists are here very prevalent. A better
+church will impress the people with more reverence of publick worship.
+
+Mrs. Thrale visited a house where she had been used to drink milk, which
+was left, with an estate of two hundred pounds a year, by one Lloyd, to
+a married woman who lived with him.
+
+We went to Pwllheli, a mean old town, at the extremity of the country.
+Here we bought something, to remember the place.
+
+AUGUST 25.
+
+We returned to Caernarvon, where we ate with Mrs. Wynne.
+
+AUGUST 26.
+
+We visited, with Mrs. Wynne, Llyn Badarn and Llyn Beris, two lakes,
+joined by a narrow strait. They are formed by the waters which fall from
+Snowdon and the opposite mountains. On the side of Snowdon are the
+remains of a large fort, to which we climbed with great labour. I was
+breathless and harassed. The Lakes have no great breadth, so that the
+boat is always near one bank or the other.
+
+_Note_. Queeny's goats, one hundred and forty-nine, I think.[1232]
+
+AUGUST 27.
+
+We returned to Bangor, where Mr. Thrale was lodged at Mr. Roberts's, the
+Register.
+
+AUGUST 28.
+
+We went to worship at the Cathedral. The quire is mean, the service was
+not well read.
+
+AUGUST 29.
+
+We came to Mr. Myddelton's, of Gwaynynog, to the first place, as my
+Mistress observed, where we have been welcome.
+
+_Note_. On the day when we visited Bodville, we turned to the house of
+Mr. Griffiths, of Kefnamwycllh, a gentleman of large fortune, remarkable
+for having made great and sudden improvements in his seat and estate. He
+has enclosed a large garden with a brick wall. He is considered as a man
+of great accomplishments. He was educated in literature at the
+University, and served some time in the army, then quitted his
+commission, and retired to his lands. He is accounted a good man, and
+endeavours to bring the people to church.
+
+In our way from Bangor to Conway, we passed again the new road upon the
+edge of Penmaen Mawr, which would be very tremendous, but that the wall
+shuts out the idea of danger. In the wall are several breaches, made, as
+Mr. Thrale very reasonably conjectures, by fragments of rocks which roll
+down the mountain, broken perhaps by frost, or worn through by rain.
+
+We then viewed Conway.
+
+To spare the horses at Penmaen Rhôs, between Conway and St. Asaph, we
+sent the coach over the road across the mountain with Mrs. Thrale, who
+had been tired with a walk sometime before; and I, with Mr. Thrale and
+Miss, walked along the edge, where the path is very narrow, and much
+encumbered by little loose stones, which had fallen down, as we thought,
+upon the way since we passed it before.
+
+At Conway we took a short survey of the Castle, which afforded us
+nothing new. It is larger than that of Beaumaris, and less than that of
+Caernarvon. It is built upon a rock so high and steep, that it is even
+now very difficult of access. We found a round pit, which was called the
+Well; it is now almost filled, and therefore dry. We found the Well in
+no other castle. There are some remains of leaden pipes at Caernarvon,
+which, I suppose, only conveyed water from one part of the building to
+another. Had the garrison had no other supply, the Welsh, who must know
+where the pipes were laid, could easily have cut them.
+
+AUGUST 29.
+
+We came to the house of Mr. Myddelton, (on Monday,) where we staid to
+September 6, and were very kindly entertained. How we spent our time, I
+am not very able to tell[1233].
+
+We saw the wood, which is diversified and romantick.
+
+SEPTEMBER 4, SUNDAY.
+
+We dined with Mr. Myddelton, the clergyman, at Denbigh, where I saw the
+harvest-men very decently dressed, after the afternoon service, standing
+to be hired. On other days, they stand at about four in the morning.
+They are hired from day to day.
+
+SEPTEMBER 6.
+
+We lay at Wrexham; a busy, extensive, and well built town. It has a very
+large and magnificent Church. It has a famous fair.
+
+SEPTEMBER 7.
+
+We came to Chirk Castle.
+
+SEPTEMBER 8, THURSDAY.
+
+We came to the house of Dr. Worthington[1234], at Llanrhaiadr. Our
+entertainment was poor, though his house was not bad. The situation is
+very pleasant, by the side of a small river, of which the bank rises
+high on the other side, shaded by gradual rows of trees. The gloom, the
+stream, and the silence, generate thoughtfulness.  The town is old, and
+very mean, but has, I think, a market. In this house, the Welsh
+translation of the Old Testament was made. The Welsh singing Psalms were
+written by Archdeacon Price. They are not considered as elegant, but as
+very literal, and accurate.
+
+We came to Llanrhaiadr, through Oswestry; a town not very little, nor
+very mean. The church, which I saw only at a distance, seems to be an
+edifice much too good for the present state of the place.
+
+SEPTEMBER 9.
+
+We visited the waterfall, which is very high, and in rainy weather very
+copious. There is a reservoir made to supply it. In its fall, it has
+perforated a rock. There is a room built for entertainment. There was
+some difficulty in climbing to a near view. Lord Lyttelton[1235] came
+near it, and turned back.
+
+When we came back, we took some cold meat, and notwithstanding the
+Doctor's importunities, went that day to Shrewsbury.
+
+SEPTEMBER 10.
+
+I sent for Gwynn[1236], and he shewed us the town. The walls are
+broken, and narrower than those of Chester. The town is large, and has
+many gentlemen's houses, but the streets are narrow. I saw Taylor's
+library. We walked in the Quarry; a very pleasant walk by the
+river.[1237] Our inn was not bad.
+
+SEPTEMBER 11.
+
+Sunday. We were at St. Chads, a very large and luminous Church. We were
+on the Castle Hill.
+
+SEPTEMBER 12.
+
+We called on Dr. Adams,[1238] and travelled towards Worcester, through
+Wenlock; a very mean place, though a borough. At noon, we came to
+Bridgenorth, and walked about the town, of which one part stands on a
+high rock; and part very low, by the river. There is an old tower,
+which, being crooked, leans so much, that it is frightful to pass by it.
+
+In the afternoon we came through Kinver, a town in Staffordshire; neat
+and closely built. I believe it has only one street.
+
+The road was so steep and miry, that we were forced to stop at
+Hartlebury, where we had a very neat inn, though it made a very poor
+appearance.
+
+SEPTEMBER 13.
+
+We came to Lord Sandys's, at Ombersley, where we were treated with great
+civility.[1239]
+
+The house is large. The hall is a very noble room.
+
+SEPTEMBER 15.
+
+We went to Worcester, a very splendid city. The Cathedral is very noble,
+with many remarkable monuments. The library is in the Chapter House. On
+the table lay the _Nuremberg Chronicle_, I think, of the first edition.
+We went to the china warehouse. The Cathedral has a cloister. The long
+aisle is, in my opinion, neither so wide nor so high as that of
+Lichfield.
+
+SEPTEMBER 16.
+
+We went to Hagley, where we were disappointed of the respect and
+kindness that we expected[1240].
+
+SEPTEMBER 17.
+
+We saw the house and park, which equalled my expectation. The house is
+one square mass. The offices are below. The rooms of elegance on the
+first floor, with two stories of bedchambers, very well disposed above
+it. The bedchambers have low windows, which abates the dignity of the
+house. The park has one artificial ruin[1241], and wants water; there
+is, however, one temporary cascade. From the farthest hill there is a
+very wide prospect.
+
+I went to church. The church is, externally, very mean, and is therefore
+diligently hidden by a plantation. There are in it several modern
+monuments of the Lytteltons.
+
+There dined with us, Lord Dudley, and Sir Edward Lyttelton, of
+Staffordshire, and his Lady. They were all persons of agreeable
+conversation.
+
+I found time to reflect on my birthday, and offered a prayer, which I
+hope was heard.
+
+SEPTEMBER 19.
+
+We made haste away from a place, where all were offended[1242]. In the
+way we visited the Leasowes[1243]. It was rain, yet we visited all the
+waterfalls. There are, in one place, fourteen falls in a short line. It
+is the next place to Ham Gardens[1244]. Poor Shenstone never tasted his
+pension. It is not very well proved that any pension was obtained for
+him. I am afraid that he died of misery[1245].
+
+We came to Birmingham, and I sent for Wheeler, whom I found well.
+
+SEPTEMBER 20.
+
+We breakfasted with Wheeler,[1246] and visited the manufacture of Papier
+Maché. The paper which they use is smooth whited brown; the varnish is
+polished with rotten stone. Wheeler gave me a tea-board. We then went to
+Boulton's,[1247] who, with great civility, led us through his shops. I
+could not distinctly see his enginery.
+
+Twelve dozen of buttons for three shillings.[1248] Spoons struck at
+once.
+
+SEPTEMBER 21.
+
+Wheeler came to us again.
+
+We came easily to Woodstock.
+
+SEPTEMBER 22.
+
+We saw Blenheim and Woodstock Park.[1249] The Park contains two thousand
+five hundred acres; about four square miles. It has red deer.  Mr.
+Bryant[1250] shewed me the Library with great civility. _Durandi
+Rationale_, 1459[1251]. Lascaris' _Grammar_ of the first edition, well
+printed, but much less than later editions[1252]. The first
+_Batrachomyomachia_[1253].
+
+The Duke sent Mr. Thrale partridges and fruit.
+
+At night we came to Oxford.
+
+SEPTEMBER 23.
+
+We visited Mr. Coulson[1254]. The Ladies wandered about the University.
+
+SEPTEMBER 24.
+
+We dine with Mr. Coulson. Vansittart[1255] told me his distemper.
+
+Afterwards we were at Burke's, where we heard of the dissolution of the
+Parliament. We went home[1256].
+
+
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[1] See _ante_, ii. 434, note 1, and iii. 209.
+
+[2] His _Account of Corsica_, published in 1768.
+
+[3] Horace Walpole wrote on Nov.6, 1769 (_Letters_, v. 200):--'I found
+Paoli last week at Court. The King and Queen both took great notice of
+him. He has just made a tour to Bath, Oxford, &c., and was everywhere
+received with much distinction.' See _ante_, ii. 71.
+
+[4] Boswell, when in London, was 'his constant guest.' Ante, iii 35.
+
+[5] Boswell's son James says that 'in 1785 Mr. Malone was shewn at Mr.
+Baldwin's printing-house a sheet of the _Tour to the Hebrides_
+which contained Johnson's character. He was so much struck with the
+spirit and fidelity of the portrait that he requested to be introduced
+to its writer. From this period a friendship took place between them,
+which ripened into the strictest and most cordial intimacy. After Mr.
+Boswell's death in 1795 Mr. Malone continued to shew every mark of
+affectionate attention towards his family.' _Gent. Mag._ 1813, p. 518.
+
+[6] Malone began his edition of _Shakespeare_ in 1782; he brought it out
+in 1790. Prior's _Malone_, pp. 98, 166.
+
+[7] Boswell in the 'Advertisement' to the second edition, dated Dec. 20,
+1785, says that 'the whole of the first impression has been sold in a
+few weeks.' Three editions were published within a year, but the fourth
+was not issued till 1807. A German translation was published in Lübeck
+in 1787. I believe that in no language has a translation been published
+of the _Life of Johnson_. Johnson was indeed, as Boswell often calls
+him, 'a trueborn Englishman'--so English that foreigners could neither
+understand him nor relish his _Life_.
+
+[8] The man thus described is James I.
+
+[9] See _ante_, i. 450 and ii. 291.
+
+[10] _A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland_. Johnson's _Works_
+ix. 1.
+
+[11] See _ante_, i. 450. On a copy of Martin in the Advocates' Library
+[Edinburgh] I found the following note in the handwriting of Mr.
+Boswell:--'This very book accompanied Mr. Samuel Johnson and me in our
+Tour to the Hebrides.' UPCOTT. Croker's _Boswell_, p. 267.
+
+[12] Macbeth, act i. sc. 3.
+
+[13] See _ante_, iii. 24, and _post_, Nov. 10.
+
+[14] Our friend Edmund Burke, who by this time had received some pretty
+severe strokes from Dr. Johnson, on account of the unhappy difference in
+their politicks, upon my repeating this passage to him, exclaimed 'Oil
+of vitriol !' BOSWELL.
+
+[15] _Psalms_, cxli. 5.
+
+[16] 'We all love Beattie,' he had said. _Ante_, ii. 148.
+
+[17] This, I find, is a Scotticism. I should have said, 'It will not be
+long before we shall be at Marischal College.' BOSWELL. In spite of this
+warning Sir Walter Scott fell into the same error. 'The light foot of
+Mordaunt was not long of bearing him to Jarlok [Jarlshof].' _Pirate_,
+ch. viii. CROKER. Beattie was Professor of Moral Philosophy and Logic in
+Marischal College.
+
+[18] 'Nil mihi rescribas; attamen ipse veni.' Ovid, _Heroides_, i. 2.
+Boswell liked to display such classical learning as he had. When he
+visited Eton in 1789 he writes, 'I was asked by the Head-master to dine
+at the Fellows' table, and made a creditable figure. I certainly have
+the art of making the most of what I have. How should one who has had
+only a Scotch education be quite at home at Eton? I had my classical
+quotations very ready.' _Letters of Boswell_, p. 308.
+
+[19] Gray, Johnson writes (_Works_, viii. 479), visited Scotland in
+1765. 'He naturally contracted a friendship with Dr. Beattie, whom he
+found a poet,' &c.
+
+[20] _Post_, Sept. 12.
+
+[21] See _ante_, i. 274.
+
+[22] Afterwards Lord Stowell. He, his brother Lord Eldon, and Chambers
+were all Newcastle men. See _ante_, i. 462, for an anecdote of the
+journey and for a note on 'the Commons.'
+
+[23] See _ante_, ii. 453.
+
+[24] See _ante_, iv. III.
+
+[25] Baretti, in a MS. note on _Piozzi Letters_, i. 309, says:--'The
+most unaccountable part of Johnson's character was his total ignorance
+of the character of his most familiar acquaintance.'
+
+[26] Lord Pembroke said once to me at Wilton, with a happy pleasantry,
+and some truth, that 'Dr. Johnson's sayings would not appear so
+extraordinary, were it not for his _bow-wow way_:' but I admit the truth
+of this only on some occasions. The _Messiah_, played upon the
+_Canterbury organ_, is more sublime than when played upon an inferior
+instrument, but very slight musick will seem grand, when conveyed to the
+ear through that majestick medium. _While therefore Dr. Johnson's
+sayings are read, let his manner be taken along with them_. Let it,
+however, be observed, that the sayings themselves are generally great;
+that, though he might be an ordinary composer at times, he was for the
+most part a Handel. BOSWELL. See _ante_, ii. 326, 371, and under
+Aug. 29, 1783.
+
+[27] See _ante_, i. 42.
+
+[28] See _ante_, i. 41.
+
+[29] Such they appeared to me; but since the first edition, Sir Joshua
+Reynolds has observed to me, 'that Dr. Johnson's extraordinary gestures
+were only habits, in which he indulged himself at certain times. When in
+company, where he was not free, or when engaged earnestly in
+conversation, he never gave way to such habits, which proves that they
+were not involuntary.' I still however think, that these gestures were
+involuntary; for surely had not that been the case, he would have
+restrained them in the publick streets. BOSWELL. See _ante_, i. 144.
+
+[30] By an Act of the 7th of George I. for encouraging the consumption
+of raw silk and mohair, buttons and button-holes made of cloth, serge,
+and other stuffs were prohibited. In 1738 a petition was presented to
+Parliament stating that 'in evasion of this Act buttons and button-holes
+were made of horse-hair to the impoverishing of many thousands and
+prejudice of the woollen manufactures.' An Act was brought in to
+prohibit the use of horse-hair, and was only thrown out on the third
+reading. _Parl. Hist._ x. 787.
+
+[31] Boswell wrote to Erskine on Dec. 8, 1761: 'I, James Boswell Esq.,
+who "am happily possessed of a facility of manners"--to use the very
+words of Mr. Professor [Adam] Smith, which upon honour were addressed to
+me.' _Boswell and Erskine Corres_. ed. 1879, p. 26.
+
+[32] _Post_, Oct. 16.
+
+[33] _Hamlet_, act iii, sc. 4.
+
+[34] See _ante_, iv., March 21, 1783. Johnson is often reproached with
+his dislike of the Scotch, though much of it was assumed; but no one
+blames Hume's dislike of the English, though it was deep and real. On
+Feb. 21, 1770, he wrote:--'Our Government is too perfect in point of
+liberty for so rude a beast as an Englishman; who is a man, a bad animal
+too, corrupted by above a century of licentiousness.' J. H. Burton's
+_Hume_, ii. 434. Dr. Burton writes of the English as 'a people Hume so
+heartily disliked.' _Ib_. p. 433.
+
+[35] See _ante_, iv. 15.
+
+[36] The term _John Bull_ came into the English language in 1712, when
+Dr. Arbuthnot wrote _The History of John Bull_.
+
+[37] Boswell in three other places so describes Johnson. See _ante_,
+i.129, note 3.
+
+[38] See _ante_, i.467.
+
+[39] 'All nations, and kindreds, and people, and tongues.' _Rev_. vii.9.
+
+[40] See _ante_, ii. 376
+
+[41] In Cockburn's _Life of Jeffrey_, i.157, there is a description of
+Edinburgh, towards the close of the century, 'the last purely Scotch age
+that Scotland was destined to see. Almost the whole official state, as
+settled at the Union, survived; and all graced the capital, unconscious
+of the economical scythe which has since mowed it down. All our nobility
+had not then fled. The lawyers, instead of disturbing good company by
+professional matter, were remarkably free of this vulgarity; and being
+trained to take difference of opinion easily, and to conduct discussions
+with forbearance, were, without undue obtrusion, the most cheerful
+people that were to be met with. Philosophy had become indigenous in the
+place, and all classes, even in their gayest hours, were proud of the
+presence of its cultivators. And all this was still a Scotch scene. The
+whole country had not begun to be absorbed in the ocean of London.
+According to the modern rate of travelling [written in 1852] the
+capitals of Scotland and of England were then about 2400 miles asunder.
+Edinburgh was still more distant in its style and habits. It had then
+its own independent tastes, and ideas, and pursuits.' Scotland at this
+time was distinguished by the liberality of mind of its leading
+clergymen, which was due, according to Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. p 57), to
+the fact that the Professor of Theology under whom they had studied was
+'dull and Dutch and prolix.' 'There was one advantage,' he says,
+'attending the lectures of a dull professor--viz., that he could form no
+school, and the students were left entirely to themselves, and naturally
+formed opinions far more liberal than those they got from the
+Professor.'
+
+[42] Chambers (_Traditions of Edinburgh_, ed. 1825, ii.297) says that
+'the very spot which Johnson's armchair occupied is pointed out by the
+modern possessors.' The inn was called 'The White Horse.' 'It derives
+its name from having been the resort of the Hanoverian faction, the
+White Horse being the crest of Hanover.' Murray's _Guide to Scotland_,
+ed. 1867, p. 111.
+
+[43] Boswell writing of Scotland says:--'In the last age it was the
+common practice in the best families for all the company to eat milk, or
+pudding, or any other dish that is eat with a spoon, not by distributing
+the contents of the dish into small plates round the table, but by every
+person dipping his spoon into the large platter; and when the fashion of
+having a small plate for each guest was brought from the continent by a
+young gentleman returned from his travels, a good old inflexible
+neighbour in the country said, "he did not see anything he had learnt
+but to take his broth twice." Nay, in our own remembrance, the use of a
+carving knife was considered as a novelty; and a gentleman of ancient
+family and good literature used to rate his son, a friend of mine, for
+introducing such a foppish superfluity.'--_London Mag_. 1778, p.199.
+
+[44] See _ante_, ii. 403. Johnson, in describing Sir A. Macdonald's
+house in Sky, said:--'The Lady had not the common decencies of her
+tea-table; we picked up our sugar with our fingers.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i.138.
+
+[45] Chambers says that 'James's Court, till the building of the New
+Town, was inhabited by a select set of gentlemen. They kept a clerk to
+record their names and their proceedings, had a scavenger of their own,
+and had balls and assemblies among themselves.' Paoli was Boswell's
+guest there in 1771. _Traditions of Edinburgh_, i. 219. It was burnt
+down in 1857. Murray's _Guide to Scotland_, ed. 1883, p.49. Johnson
+wrote:--'Boswell has very handsome and spacious rooms, level with the
+ground on one side of the house, and on the other four stories high.'
+_Piozzi Letters_, i. 109. Dr. J.H. Burton says that Hume occupied them
+just before Boswell. He continues:--'Of the first impression made on a
+stranger at that period when entering such a house, a vivid description
+is given by Sir Walter Scott in _Guy Mannering_; and in Counsellor
+Pleydell's library, with its collection of books, and the prospect from
+the window, we have probably an accurate picture of the room in which
+Hume spent his studious hours.' _Life of Hume_, ii. 137, 431. At
+Johnson's visit Hume was living in his new house in the street which was
+humorously named after him, St. David Street. _Ib_. p. 436.
+
+[46] The English servant-girl in _Humphry Clinker_ (Letter of July 18),
+after describing how the filth is thus thrown out, says:--'The maid
+calls _gardy loo_ to the passengers, which signifies _Lord have mercy
+upon you!_'
+
+[47] Wesley, when at Edinburgh in May, 1761, writes:--'How can it be
+suffered that all manner of filth should still be thrown even into this
+street [High Street] continually? How long shall the capital city of
+Scotland, yea, and the chief street of it, stink worse than a common
+sewer?' Wesley's _Journal_, iii. 52. Baretti (_Journey from London to
+Genoa_, ii.255) says that this was the universal practice in Madrid in
+1760. He was driven out of that town earlier than he had intended to
+leave it by the dreadful stench. A few years after his visit the King
+made a reform, so that it became 'one of the cleanest towns in Europe.'
+_Ib_. p 258. Smollett in _Humphry Clinker_ makes Matthew Bramble say
+(Letter of July 18):--'The inhabitants of Edinburgh are apt to imagine
+the disgust that we avow is little better than affectation.'
+
+[48] 'Most of their buildings are very mean; and the whole town bears
+some resemblance to the old part of Birmingham.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 109.
+
+[49] See _ante_, i. 313.
+
+[50] Miss Burney, describing her first sight of Johnson, says:--'Upon
+asking my father why he had not prepared us for such uncouth, untoward
+strangeness, he laughed heartily, and said he had entirely forgotten
+that the same impression had been at first made upon himself; but had
+been lost even on the second interview.' _Memoirs of Dr. Burney_, ii.91.
+
+[51] See _post_, Aug. 22.
+
+[52] see _ante_, iii. 216.
+
+[53] Boswell writes, in his _Hypochondriacks_:--'Naturally somewhat
+singular, independent of any additions which affectation and vanity may
+perhaps have made, I resolved to have a more pleasing species of
+marriage than common, and bargained with my bride that I should not be
+bound to live with her longer than I really inclined; and that whenever
+I tired of her domestic society I should be at liberty to give it up.
+Eleven years have elapsed, and I have never yet wished to take advantage
+of my stipulated privilege.' _London Mag_. 1781, p.136. See _ante_, ii.
+140, note 1.
+
+[54] Sir Walter Scott was two years old this day. He was born in a house
+at the head of the College Wynd. When Johnson and Boswell returned to
+Edinburgh Jeffrey was a baby there seventeen days old. Some seventeen or
+eighteen years later 'he had the honour of assisting to carry the
+biographer of Johnson, in a state of great intoxication, to bed. For
+this he was rewarded next morning by Mr. Boswell clapping his head, and
+telling him that he was a very promising lad, and that if "you go on as
+you've begun, you may live to be a Bozzy yourself yet."' Cockburn's
+_Jeffrey_, i. 33.
+
+[55] He was one of Boswell's executors, and as such was in part
+responsible for the destruction of his manuscripts. _Ante_, iii. 301,
+note i. It is to his _Life of Dr. Beattie_ that Scott alludes in the
+Introduction to the fourth Canto of _Marmion_:--
+
+     'Scarce had lamented Forbes paid
+      The tribute to his Minstrel's shade;
+      The tale of friendship scarce was told,
+      Ere the narrator's heart was cold--
+      Far may we search before we find
+      A heart so manly and so kind.'
+
+It is only of late years that _Forbes_ has generally ceased to be a
+dissyllable.
+
+[56] The saint's name of _Veronica_ was introduced into our family
+through my great grandmother Veronica, Countess of Kincardine, a Dutch
+lady of the noble house of Sommelsdyck, of which there is a full account
+in Bayle's _Dictionary_. The family had once a princely right in
+Surinam. The governour of that settlement was appointed by the States
+General, the town of Amsterdam, and Sommelsdyck. The States General have
+acquired Sommelsdyck's right; but the family has still great dignity and
+opulence, and by intermarriages is connected with many other noble
+families. When I was at the Hague, I was received with all the affection
+of kindred. The present Sommelsdyck has an important charge in the
+Republick, and is as worthy a man as lives. He has honoured me with his
+correspondence for these twenty years. My great grandfather, the husband
+of Countess Veronica, was Alexander, Earl of Kincardine, that eminent
+_Royalist_ whose character is given by Burnet in his _History of his own
+Times_. From him the blood of _Bruce_ flows in my veins. Of such
+ancestry who would not be proud? And, as _Nihil est, nisi hoc sciat
+alter_, is peculiarly true of genealogy, who would not be glad to seize
+a fair opportunity to let it be known. BOSWELL. Boswell visited Holland
+in 1763. _Ante_, i. 473. Burnet says that 'the Earl was both the wisest
+and the worthiest man that belonged to his country, and fit for
+governing any affairs but his own; which he by a wrong turn, and by his
+love for the public, neglected to his ruin. His thoughts went slow and
+his words came much slower; but a deep judgment appeared in everything
+he said or did. I may be, perhaps, inclined to carry his character too
+far; for he was the first man that entered into friendship with me.'
+Burnet's _History_, ed. 1818, i. III. 'The ninth Earl succeeded as fifth
+Earl of Elgin and thus united the two dignities.' Burke's _Peerage_.
+Boswell's quotation is from Persius, _Satires_, i. 27: 'Scire tuum nihil
+est, nisi te scire hoc sciat alter.' It is the motto to _The
+Spectator_, No. 379.
+
+[57] She died four months after her father. I cannot find that she
+received this additional fortune.
+
+[58] See _ante_, ii. 47.
+
+[59] See _ante_, iv. 5, note 2.
+
+[60] See _ante_, iii. 231. Johnson (_Works_, ix. 33) speaks of 'the
+general dissatisfaction which is now driving the Highlanders into the
+other hemisphere.' This dissatisfaction chiefly arose from the fact that
+the chiefs were 'gradually degenerating from patriarchal rulers to
+rapacious landlords.' _Ib._ p. 86. 'That the people may not fly from the
+increase of rent I know not whether the general good does not require
+that the landlords be, for a time, restrained in their demands, and kept
+quiet by pensions proportionate to their loss.... It affords a
+legislator little self-applause to consider, that where there was
+formerly an insurrection there is now a wilderness.' _Ib._ p. 94. 'As
+the world has been let in upon the people, they have heard of happier
+climates and less arbitrary government.' _Ib._ p. 128.
+
+[61] 'To a man that ranges the streets of London, where he is tempted to
+contrive wants for the pleasure of supplying them, a shop affords no
+image worthy of attention; but in an island it turns the balance of
+existence between good and evil. To live in perpetual want of little
+things is a state, not indeed of torture, but of constant vexation. I
+have in Sky had some difficulty to find ink for a letter; and if a woman
+breaks her needle, the work is at a stop.' _Ib._ p. 127.
+
+[62] 'It was demolished in 1822.' Chambers's _Traditions of Edinburgh_,
+i. 215.
+
+[63] 'The Lord reigneth; let the earth rejoice; let the multitude of
+isles be glad thereof.' _Psalms_, xcvii.1.
+
+[64] A brief memoir of Mr. Carre is given in Forbes's _Life of Beattie_,
+Appendix Z.
+
+[65] It was his daughter who gave the name to the new street in which
+Hume had taken a house by chalking on his wall ST. DAVID STREET. 'Hume's
+"lass," judging that it was not meant in honour or reverence, ran into
+the house much excited, to tell her master how he was made game of.
+"Never mind, lassie," he said; "many a better man has been made a saint
+of before."' J.H. Burton's _Hume_, ii. 436.
+
+[66] The House of Lords reversed the decision of the Court of Session in
+this cause. See _ante_, ii.50, 230.
+
+[67] Ogden was Woodwardian Professor at Cambridge. The sermons were
+published in 1770. Boswell mentions them so often that in Rowlandson's
+caricatures of the tour he is commonly represented as having them in his
+hand or pocket. See _ante_, iii. 248.
+
+[68] 'Talking of the eminent writers in Queen Anne's reign, Johnson
+observed, "I think Dr. Arbuthnot the first man among them.'" _Ante_,
+i. 425.
+
+[69] 'We found that by the interposition of some invisible friend
+lodgings had been provided for us at the house of one of the professors,
+whose easy civility quickly made us forget that we were strangers.'
+_Works_, ix. 3.
+
+[70] He is referring to Beattie's _Essay on Truth_. See _post_, Oct. 1,
+and _ante_, ii. 201.
+
+[71] See _ante_, ii. 443, where Johnson, again speaking of Hume, and
+perhaps of Gibbon, says:--'When a man voluntarily engages in an
+important controversy, he is to do all he can to lessen his antagonist,
+because authority from personal respect has much weight with most
+people, and often more than reasoning.'
+
+[72] Johnson, in his Dictionary, calls _bubble_ 'a cant [slang] word.'
+
+[73] Boswell wrote to Temple in 1768:--'David [Hume] is really amiable:
+I always regret to him his unlucky principles, and he smiles at my
+faith; but I have a hope which he has not, or pretends not to have. So
+who has the best of it, my reverend friend?' _Letters of Boswell_,
+p.151. Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. pp. 274-5) says:--'Mr. Hume gave both
+elegant dinners and suppers, and the best claret, and, which was best of
+all, he furnished the entertainment with the most instructive and
+pleasing conversation, for he assembled whosoever were most knowing and
+agreeable among either the laity or clergy. For innocent mirth and
+agreeable raillery I never knew his match....He took much to the company
+of the younger clergy, not from a wish to bring them over to his
+opinions, for he never attempted to overturn any man's principles, but
+they best understood his notions, and could furnish him with literary
+conversation.'
+
+[74] No doubt they were destroyed with Boswell's other papers. _Ante_,
+iii.301, note 1.
+
+[75] This letter, though shattered by the sharp shot of Dr. _Horne_ of
+_Oxford's_ wit, in the character of _One of the People called
+Christians_, is still prefixed to Mr. Hume's excellent _History of
+England_, like a poor invalid on the piquet guard, or like a list of
+quack medicines sold by the same bookseller, by whom a work of whatever
+nature is published; for it has no connection with his _History_, let it
+have what it may with what are called his _Philosophical_ Works. A
+worthy friend of mine in London was lately consulted by a lady of
+quality, of most distinguished merit, what was the best History of
+England for her son to read. My friend recommended Hume's. But, upon
+recollecting that its usher was a superlative panegyrick on one, who
+endeavoured to sap the credit of our holy religion, he revoked his
+recommendation. I am really sorry for this ostentatious _alliance_;
+because I admire _The Theory of Moral Sentiments_, and value the
+greatest part of _An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of
+Nations_. Why should such a writer be so forgetful of human comfort, as
+to give any countenance to that dreary infidelity which would make us
+poor indeed?' ['makes me poor indeed.' _Othello_, act iii. sc.3].
+BOSWELL. Dr. Horne's book is entitled, _A Letter to Adam Smith, LL.D.,
+On the Life, Death, and Philosophy of his Friend David Hume, Esq. By one
+of the People called Christians_. Its chief wit is in the Preface. The
+bookseller mentioned in this note was perhaps Francis Newbery, who
+succeeded his father, Goldsmith's publisher, as a dealer in quack
+medicines and books. They dealt in 'over thirty different nostrums,' and
+published books of every nature. Of the father Johnson said:--'Newbery
+is an extraordinary man, for I know not whether he has read or written
+most books.' He is the original of 'Jack Whirler' in _The Idler_, No.
+19. _A Bookseller of the Last Century_, pp. 22, 73.
+
+[76] Hume says that his first work, his _Treatise of Human Nature_,
+'fell _dead-born from the press.' Auto._ p.3. His _Enquiry concerning
+Human Understanding_ 'was entirely overlooked and neglected.' _Ib_. p.4.
+His _Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals_ 'came unnoticed and
+unobserved into the world.' _Ib_. p.5. The first volume of his _History
+of England_ certainly met with numerous assailants; but 'after the first
+ebullitions of their fury were over, what was still more mortifying, the
+book seemed to sink into oblivion. Mr. Millar told me,' he continues,
+'that in a twelvemonth he sold only forty-five copies of it...I was I
+confess, discouraged, and had not the war at that time been breaking out
+between France and England, I had certainly retired to some provincial
+town of the former kingdom, have changed my name, and never more have
+returned to my native country.' _Ib_. p.6. Only one of his works, his
+_Political Discourses_, was 'successful on the first publication.' _Ib_.
+p.5. By the time he was turned fifty, however, his books were selling
+very well, and he had become 'not only independent but opulent.' Ib. p.
+8. A few weeks before he died he wrote: 'I see many symptoms of my
+literary reputation's breaking out at last with additional lustre.'
+_Ib_. p.10.
+
+[77] _Psalms_, cxix. 99.
+
+[78] We learn, _post_, Oct. 29, that Robertson was cautious in his talk,
+though we see here that he had much more courage than the professors of
+Aberdeen or Glasgow.
+
+[79] This was one of the points upon which Dr. Johnson was strangely
+heterodox. For, surely, Mr. Burke, with his other remarkable qualities,
+is also distinguished for his wit, and for wit of all kinds too: not
+merely that power of language which Pope chooses to denominate wit:--
+
+     (True wit is Nature to advantage drest;
+      What oft was thought, but ne'er so well exprest.)
+
+[Pope's Essay on Criticism, ii. 297.] but surprising allusions,
+brilliant sallies of vivacity, and pleasant conceits. His speeches in
+parliament are strewed with them. Take, for instance, the variety which
+he has given in his wide range, yet exact detail, when exhibiting his
+Reform Bill. And his conversation abounds in wit. Let me put down a
+specimen. I told him, I had seen, at a _Blue stocking_ assembly, a
+number of ladies sitting round a worthy and tall friend of ours,
+listening to his literature. 'Ay, (said he) like maids round a
+May-pole.' I told him, I had found out a perfect definition of human
+nature, as distinguished from the animal. An ancient philosopher said,
+Man was 'a two-legged animal without feathers,' upon which his rival
+Sage had a Cock plucked bare, and set him down in the school before all
+the disciples, as a 'Philosophick Man.' Dr. Franklin said, Man was 'a
+tool-making animal,' which is very well; for no animal but man makes a
+thing, by means of which he can make another thing. But this applies to
+very few of the species. My definition of _Man_ is, 'a Cooking animal.'
+The beasts have memory, judgment, and all the faculties and passions of
+our mind in a certain degree; but no beast is a cook. The trick of the
+monkey using the cat's paw to roast a chestnut, is only a piece of
+shrewd malice in that _turpissima bestia_, which humbles us so sadly by
+its similarity to us. Man alone can dress a good dish; and every man
+whatever is more or less a cook, in seasoning what he himself eats. Your
+definition is good, said Mr. Burke, and I now see the full force of the
+common proverb, 'There is _reason_ in roasting of eggs.' When Mr.
+Wilkes, in his days of tumultuous opposition, was borne upon the
+shoulders of the mob, Mr. Burke (as Mr. Wilkes told me himself, with
+classical admiration,) applied to him what _Horace_ says of _Pindar_,
+
+     ..._numeris_que fertur
+  LEGE _solutis_. [_Odes_, iv. 2. 11.]
+
+Sir Joshua Reynolds, who agrees with me entirely as to Mr. Burke's.
+fertility of wit, said, that this was 'dignifying a pun.' He also
+observed, that he has often heard Burke say, in the course of an
+evening, ten good things, each of which would have served a noted wit
+(whom he named) to live upon for a twelvemonth. I find, since the former
+edition, that some persons have objected to the instances which I have
+given of Mr. Burke's wit, as not doing justice to my very ingenious
+friend; the specimens produced having, it is alleged, more of conceit
+than real wit, and being merely sportive sallies of the moment, not
+justifying the encomium which, they think with me, he undoubtedly
+merits. I was well aware, how hazardous it was to exhibit particular
+instances of wit, which is of so airy and spiritual a nature as often to
+elude the hand that attempts to grasp it. The excellence and efficacy of
+a _bon mot_ depend frequently so much on the occasion on which it is
+spoken, on the particular manner of the speaker, on the person to whom
+it is applied, the previous introduction, and a thousand minute
+particulars which cannot be easily enumerated, that it is always
+dangerous to detach a witty saying from the group to which it belongs,
+and to set it before the eye of the spectator, divested of those
+concomitant circumstances, which gave it animation, mellowness, and
+relief. I ventured, however, at all hazards, to put down the first
+instances that occurred to me, as proofs of Mr. Burke's lively and
+brilliant fancy; but am very sensible that his numerous friends could
+have suggested many of a superior quality. Indeed, the being in company
+with him, for a single day, is sufficient to shew that what I have
+asserted is well founded; and it was only necessary to have appealed to
+all who know him intimately, for a complete refutation of the heterodox
+opinion entertained by Dr. Johnson on this subject. _He_ allowed Mr.
+Burke, as the reader will find hereafter [_post_. Sept.15 and 30], to be
+a man of consummate and unrivalled abilities in every light except that
+now under consideration; and the variety of his allusions, and splendour
+of his imagery, have made such an impression on _all the rest_ of the
+world, that superficial observers are apt to overlook his other merits,
+and to suppose that _wit_ is his chief and most prominent excellence;
+when in fact it is only one of the many talents that he possesses, which
+are so various and extraordinary, that it is very difficult to ascertain
+precisely the rank and value of each. BOSWELL. For Malone's share in
+this note, see _ante_, iii. 323, note 2. For Burke's Economical Reform
+Bill, which was brought in on Feb. 11, 1780, see Prior's _Burke_, p.184.
+For _Blue Stocking_, see _ante_, iv. 108. The 'tall friend of ours' was
+Mr. Langton (_ante_, i. 336). For Franklin's definition, see _ante_,
+iii. 245, and for Burke's classical pun, _ib_. p. 323. For Burke's
+'talent of wit,' see _ante_, i. 453, iii. 323, iv. May 15, 1784, and
+_post_, Sept. 15.
+
+[80] See _ante_, iv. 27, where Burke said:--'It is enough for me to have
+rung the bell to him [Johnson].'
+
+[81] See _ante_, vol. iv, May 15, 1784.
+
+[82] Prior (_Life of Burke_, pp.31, 36) says that 'from the first his
+destination was the Bar.' His name was entered at the Middle Temple in
+1747, but he was never called. Why he gave up the profession his
+biographer cannot tell.
+
+[83] See _ante_, ii. 437, note 2.
+
+[84] See _ante_, i. 78, note 2.
+
+[85] That cannot be said now, after the flagrant part which Mr. _John
+Wesley_ took against our American brethren, when, in his own name, he
+threw amongst his enthusiastick flock, the very individual combustibles
+of Dr. _Johnson's Taxation no Tyranny_; and after the intolerant spirit
+which he manifested against our fellow-christians of the Roman Catholick
+Communion, for which that able champion, Father _O'Leary_, has given him
+so hearty a drubbing. But I should think myself very unworthy, if I did
+not at the same time acknowledge Mr. John Wesley's merit, as a veteran
+'Soldier of Jesus Christ' [2 _Timothy_, ii. 3], who has, I do believe,
+'turned many from darkness into light, and from the power of _Satan_ to
+the living GOD' [_Acts_, xxvi. 18]. BOSWELL. Wesley wrote on Nov. 11,
+1775 (_Journal_, iv. 56), 'I made some additions to the _Calm Address to
+our American Colonies_. Need any one ask from what motive this was
+wrote? Let him look round; England is in a flame! a flame of malice and
+rage against the King, and almost all that are in authority under him. I
+labour to put out this flame.' He wrote a few days later:--'As to
+reviewers, news-writers, _London Magazines_, and all that kind of
+gentlemen, they behave just as I expected they would. And let them lick
+up Mr. Toplady's spittle still; a champion worthy of their cause.'
+_Journal_, p. 58. In a letter published in Jan. 1780, he said:--'I
+insist upon it, that no government, not Roman Catholic, ought to
+tolerate men of the Roman Catholic persuasion. They ought not to be
+tolerated by any government, Protestant, Mahometan, or Pagan.' To this
+the Rev. Arthur O'Leary replied with great wit and force, in a pamphlet
+entitled, _Remarks on the Rev. Mr. Wesley's Letters_. Dublin, 1780.
+Wesley (_Journal_, iv. 365) mentions meeting O'Leary, and says:--'He
+seems not to be wanting either in sense or learning.' Johnson wrote to
+Wesley on Feb. 6, 1776 (Croker's _Boswell_, p. 475), 'I have thanks to
+return you for the addition of your important suffrage to my argument on
+the American question. To have gained such a mind as yours may justly
+confirm me in my own opinion. What effect my paper has upon the public,
+I know not; but I have no reason to be discouraged. The lecturer was
+surely in the right, who, though he saw his audience slinking away,
+refused to quit the chair while Plato staid.'
+
+[86] 'Powerful preacher as he was,' writes Southey, 'he had neither
+strength nor acuteness of intellect, and his written compositions are
+nearly worthless.' Southey's _Wesley,_ i. 323. See _ante_, ii. 79.
+
+[87] Mr. Burke. See _ante_, ii. 222, 285, note 3, and iii. 45.
+
+[88] If due attention were paid to this observation, there would be more
+virtue, even in politicks. What Dr. Johnson justly condemned, has, I am
+sorry to say, greatly increased in the present reign. At the distance of
+four years from this conversation, 21st February, 1777, My Lord
+Archbishop of York, in his 'sermon before the Society for the
+Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts,' thus indignantly describes
+the then state of parties:--'Parties once had a _principle_ belonging
+to them, absurd perhaps, and indefensible, but still carrying a notion
+of _duty_, by which honest minds might easily be caught. 'But there are
+now _combinations_ of _individuals_, who, instead of being the sons and
+servants of the community, make a league for advancing their _private
+interests_. It is their business to hold high the notion of _political
+honour_. I believe and trust, it is not injurious to say, that such a
+bond is no better than that by which the lowest and wickedest
+combinations are held together; and that it denotes the last stage of
+political depravity.' To find a thought, which just shewed itself to us
+from the mind of _Johnson_, thus appearing again at such a distance of
+time, and without any communication between them, enlarged to full
+growth in the mind of _Markham_, is a curious object of philosophical
+contemplation.--That two such great and luminous minds should have been
+so dark in one corner,--that _they_ should have held it to be 'Wicked
+rebellion in the British subjects established in America, to resist the
+abject condition of holding all their property at the mercy of British
+subjects remaining at home, while their allegiance to our common Lord
+the King was to be preserved inviolate,--is a striking proof to me,
+either that 'He who sitteth in Heaven' [_Psalms_, ii.4] scorns the
+loftiness of human pride,--or that the evil spirit, whose personal
+existence I strongly believe, and even in this age am confirmed in that
+belief by a _Fell_, nay, by a _Hurd_, has more power than some choose to
+allow. BOSWELL. Horace Walpole writing on June 10, 1778, after censuring
+Robertson for sneering at Las Casas, continues:--'Could Archbishop
+Markham in a Sermon before the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel
+by fire and sword paint charity in more contemptuous terms? It is a
+Christian age.' _Letters_, vii.81. It was Archbishop Markham to whom
+Johnson made the famous bow; _ante_, vol. iv, just before April 10,
+1783. John Fell published in 1779 _Demoniacs; an Enquiry into the
+Heathen and Scripture Doctrine of Daemons_. For Hurd see _ante_, under
+June 9,1784.
+
+[89] See Forster's _Essays_, ii 304-9. Mr. Forster often quotes Cooke in
+his _Life of Goldsmith_. He describes him (i. 58) as 'a _young_ Irish
+law student who had chambers near Goldsmith in the temple.' Goldsmith
+did not reside in the temple till 1763 (_ib_. p.336), and Cooke was old
+enough to have published his _Hesiod_ in 1728, and to have found a place
+in _The Dunciad_ (ii. 138). See Elwin and Courthope's _Pope_, x. 212,
+for his correspondence with Pope.
+
+[90] It may be observed, that I sometimes call my great friend, _Mr_.
+Johnson, sometimes _Dr_. Johnson: though he had at this time a doctor's
+degree from Trinity College, Dublin. The University of Oxford afterwards
+conferred it upon him by a diploma, in very honourable terms. It was
+some time before I could bring myself to call him Doctor; but, as he has
+been long known by that title, I shall give it to him in the rest of
+this Journal. BOSWELL. See _ante_, i. 488, note 3, and ii. 332, note I.
+
+[91] In _The Idler_, No. viii, Johnson has the following fling at
+tragedians. He had mentioned the terror struck into our soldiers by the
+Indian war-cry, and he continues:--'I am of opinion that by a proper
+mixture of asses, bulls, turkeys, geese, and tragedians a noise might be
+procured equally horrid with the war-cry.' See _ante_, ii.92.
+
+[92] _Tom Jones_, Bk. xvi. chap. 5. Mme. Necker in a letter to Garrick
+said:--'Nos acteurs se métamorphosent assez bien, mais Monsieur Garrick
+fait autre chose; il nous métamorphose tous dans le caractère qu'il a
+revêtu; _nous sommes remplis de terreur avec Hamlet_,' &c. _Garrick
+Corres_. ii. 627.
+
+[93] See _ante_, i. 432, and ii. 278.
+
+[94] See _ante_, ii. 11.
+
+[95] Euphan M'Cullan (not Eupham Macallan) is mentioned in Dalrymple's
+[Lord Hailes] _Remarks on the History of Scotland_, p. 254. She
+maintained that 'she seldom ever prayed but she got a positive answer.'
+The minister of her parish was ill. 'She prayed, and got an answer that
+for a year's time he should be spared; and after the year's end he fell
+sick again.' 'I went,' said she, 'to pray yet again for his life; but
+the Lord left me not an mouse's likeness (a proverbial expression,
+meaning _to reprove with such severity that the person reproved shrinks
+and becomes abashed_), and said, 'Beast that thou art! shall I keep my
+servant in pain for thy sake?' And when I said, 'Lord, what then shall I
+do?' He answered me, 'He was but a reed that I spoke through, and I will
+provide another reed to speak through.' Dalrymple points out that it was
+a belief in these 'answers from the Lord' that led John Balfour and his
+comrades to murder Archbishop Sharp.
+
+[96] R. Chambers, in his _Traditions_, speaking of the time of Johnson's
+visit, says (i. 21) on the authority of 'an ancient native of Edinburgh
+that people all knew each other by sight. The appearance of a new face
+upon the streets was at once remarked, and numbers busied themselves in
+finding out who and what the stranger was.'
+
+[97] It was on this visit to the parliament-house, that Mr. Henry
+Erskine (brother of Lord Erskine), after being presented to Dr. Johnson
+by Mr. Boswell, and having made his bow, slipped a shilling into
+Boswell's hand, whispering that it was for the sight of his _bear_.
+WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[98] This is one of the Libraries entitled to a copy of every new work
+published in the United Kingdom. Hume held the office of librarian at a
+salary of £40 a year from 1752 to 1757. J.H. Burton's _Hume_, i.
+367, 373.
+
+[99] The Edinburgh oyster-cellars were called _laigh shops_. Chambers's
+_Traditions_, ii. 268.
+
+[100] This word is commonly used to signify _sullenly, gloomily_; and in
+that sense alone it appears in Dr. Johnson's _Dictionary_. I suppose he
+meant by it, 'with an _obstinate resolution_, similar to that of a
+sullen man.' BOSWELL. Southey wrote to Scott:--'Give me more lays, and
+correct them at leisure for after editions--not laboriously, but when
+the amendment comes naturally and unsought for. It never does to sit
+down doggedly to _correct_.' Southey's _Life_, iii. 126. See _ante_, i.
+332, for the influence of seasons on composition.
+
+[101] Boswell, _post_, Nov. 1, writes of '_old Scottish_ enthusiasm,'
+again italicising these two words.
+
+[102] See _ante_, iii. 410.
+
+[103] See _ante_, i. 354.
+
+[104] Cockburn (_Life of Jeffrey_, i. 182) writing of the beginning of
+this century, describes how the General Assembly 'met in those days, as
+it had done for about 200 years, in one of the aisles of the then grey
+and venerable cathedral of St. Giles. That plain, square, galleried
+apartment was admirably suited for the purpose; and it was more
+interesting from the men who had acted in it, and the scenes it had
+witnessed, than any other existing room in Scotland. It had beheld the
+best exertions of the best men in the kingdom ever since the year 1640.
+Yet was it obliterated in the year 1830 with as much indifference as if
+it had been of yesterday; and for no reason except a childish desire for
+new walls and change.'
+
+[105] I have hitherto called him Dr. William Robertson, to distinguish
+him from Dr. James Robertson, who is soon to make his appearance. But
+_Principal_, from his being the head of our college, is his usual
+designation, and is shorter: so I shall use it hereafter. BOSWELL.
+
+[106] The dirtiness of the Scotch churches is taken off in _The Tale of
+a Tub_, sect. xi:--'Neither was it possible for the united rhetoric of
+mankind to prevail with Jack to make himself clean again.' In _Humphry
+Clinker_ (Letter of Aug. 8) we are told that 'the good people of
+Edinburgh no longer think dirt and cobwebs essential to the house of
+God.' Bishop Horne (_Essays and Thoughts_, p. 45) mentioning 'the maxim
+laid down in a neighbouring kingdom that _cleanliness is not essential
+to devotion_,' continues, 'A Church of England lady once offered to
+attend the Kirk there, if she might be permitted to have the pew swept
+and lined. "The pew swept and lined!" said Mess John's wife, "my husband
+would think it downright popery."' In 1787 he wrote that there are
+country churches in England 'where, perhaps, three or four noble
+families attend divine service, which are suffered year after year to be
+in a condition in which not one of those families would suffer the worst
+room in their house to continue for a week.' _Essays and Thoughts_,
+p. 271.
+
+[107] 'Hume recommended Fergusson's friends to prevail on him to
+suppress the work as likely to be injurious to his reputation.' When it
+had great success he said that his opinion remained the same. He had
+heard Helvetius and Saurin say that they had told Montesquieu that he
+ought to suppress his _Esprit des Lois_. They were still convinced that
+their advice was right. J. H. Burton's _Hume_, ii. 385-7. It was at
+Fergusson's house thirteen years later that Walter Scott, a lad of
+fifteen, saw Burns shed tears over a print by Bunbury of a soldier lying
+dead on the snow. Lockhart's _Scott_, i. 185. See _ib_. vii. 61, for an
+anecdote of Fergusson.
+
+[108] They were pulled down in 1789. Murray's _Handbook for Scotland_,
+ed. 1883, p. 60.
+
+[109] See _ante_, ii. 128.
+
+[110] See _ante_, iii. 357, and _post_, Johnson's _Tour into Wales_,
+Aug. 1, 1774.
+
+[111]
+
+     'There where no statesman buys,
+        no bishop sells;
+      A virtuous palace where no
+        monarch dwells.'
+
+_An Epitaph_. Hamilton's Poems, ed. 1760, p. 260. See _ante_, iii. 150.
+
+[112] The stanza from which he took this line is,
+
+     'But then rose up all Edinburgh,
+       They rose up by thousands three;
+     A cowardly Scot came John behind,
+     And ran him through the fair body!'
+
+
+[113] Johnson described her as 'an old lady, who talks broad Scotch with
+a paralytick voice, and is scarce understood by her own countrymen.'
+_Piozzi Letters_, i.109. Lord Shelburne says that 'her husband, the last
+Duke, could neither read nor write without great difficulty.'
+Fitzmaurice's _Shelburne_, i. 11. Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. p. 107) says
+that in 1745 he heard her say:--'I have sworn to be Duchess of Douglas
+or never to mount a marriage bed.' She married the Duke in 1758. R.
+Chambers wrote in 1825:--'It is a curious fact that sixty years ago
+there was scarcely a close in the High Street but what had as many noble
+inhabitants as are at this day to be found in the whole town.'
+_Traditions of Edinburgh_, ed. 1825, i. 72.
+
+[114] See ante, ii. 154, note 1.
+
+[115] Lord Chesterfield wrote from London on Dec. 16, 1760 (_Misc.
+Works_, iv. 291):--'I question whether you will ever see my friend
+George Faulkner in Ireland again, he is become so great and considerable
+a man here in the republic of letters; he has a constant table open to
+all men of wit and learning, and to those sometimes who have neither. I
+have been able to get him to dine with me but twice.'
+
+[116] Dr. Johnson one evening roundly asserted in his rough way that
+"Swift was a shallow fellow; a very shallow fellow." Mr. Sheridan
+replied warmly but modestly, "Pardon me, Sir, for differing from you,
+but I always thought the Dean a very clear writer." Johnson vociferated
+"All shallows are clear."' _Town and Country Mag_. Sept. 1769. _Notes
+and Queries_, Jan. 1855, p. 62. See _ante_, iv. 61.
+
+[117] '_The Memoirs of Scriblerus_,' says Johnson (_Works_, viii. 298),
+'seem to be the production of Arbuthnot, with a few touches, perhaps, by
+Pope.' Swift also was concerned in it. Johnson goes on to shew why 'this
+joint production of three great writers has never obtained any notice
+from mankind.' Arbuthnot was the author of _John Bull_. Swift wrote to
+Stella on May 10, 1712:--'I hope you read _John Bull_. It was a Scotch
+gentleman, a friend of mine, that wrote it; but they put it upon me.'
+See _ante_, i. 425.
+
+[118] See _ante_, i. 452, and ii. 318.
+
+[119] Horace, _Satires_. I. iii. 19.
+
+[120] See _ante_, i. 396, and ii. 298.
+
+[121] See _ante_, ii. 74.
+
+[122] 'At supper there was such conflux of company that I could scarcely
+support the tumult. I have never been well in the whole journey, and am
+very easily disordered.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 109.
+
+[123] See _ante_, iv. 17, and under June 9, 1784.
+
+[124] Johnson was thinking of Sir Matthew Hale for one.
+
+[125] 'It is supposed that there were no executions for witchcraft in
+England subsequently to the year 1682; but the Statute of I James I, c.
+12, so minute in its enactments against witches, was not repealed till
+the 9 Geo. II, c. 5. In Scotland, so late as the year 1722, when the
+local jurisdictions were still hereditary [see _post_, Sept. 11], the
+sheriff of Sutherlandshire condemned a witch to death.' _Penny Cyclo_.
+xxvii. 490. In the Bishopric of Wurtzburg, so late as 1750, a nun was
+burnt for witchcraft: 'Cette malheureuse fille soutint opiniâtrément
+qu'elle était sorcière.... Elle était folle, ses juges furent imbécilles
+et barbares.' Voltaire's _Works_, ed. 1819, xxvi. 285.
+
+[126] A Dane wrote to Garrick from Copenhagen on Dec. 23, 1769:--'There
+is some of our retinue who, not understanding a word of your language,
+mimic your gesture and your action: so great an impression did it make
+upon their minds, the scene of daggers has been repeated in dumb show a
+hundred times, and those most ignorant of the English idiom can cry out
+with rapture, "A horse, a horse; my kingdom for a horse!"' _Garrick
+Corres._ i. 375. See _ante_, vol. iv. under Sept. 30, 1783
+
+[127] See _ante_, i. 466.
+
+[128] Johnson, in the preface to his _Dictionary_ (_Works_, v. 43),
+after stating what he had at first planned, continues:--'But these were
+the dreams of a poet doomed at last to wake a lexicographer.' See
+_ante_, i. 189, note 2, and May I, 1783.
+
+[129] See his letter on this subject in the APPENDIX. BOSWELL. He had
+been tutor to Hume's nephew and was one of Hume's friends. J.H Burton's
+_Hume_, ii. 399.
+
+[130] By the Baron d'Holbach. Voltaire (_Works_, xii. 212) describes
+this book as 'Une _Philippique_ contre Dieu.' He wrote to M.
+Saurin:--'Ce maudit livre du Système de la Nature est un péché contre
+nature. Je vous sais bien bon gré de réprouver l'athéisme et d'aimer ce
+vers: "Si Dieu n'existait pas, il faudrait l'inventer." Je suis rarement
+content de mes vers, mais j'avoue que j'ai une tendresse de père pour
+celui-là.' _Ib_. v. 418.
+
+[131] One of Garrick's correspondents speaks of 'the sneer of one of
+Johnson's ghastly smiles.' _Garrick Corres_. i. 334. 'Ghastly smile' is
+borrowed from _Paradise Lost_, ii. 846.
+
+[132] See _ante_, iii. 212. In Chambers's _Traditions of Edinburgh_, ii.
+158, is given a comic poem entitled _The Court of Session Garland_,
+written by Boswell, with the help, it was said, of Maclaurin.
+
+[133] Dr. John Gregory, Professor of Medicine in the University of
+Edinburgh, died on Feb. 10 of this year. It was his eldest son James who
+met Johnson. 'This learned family has given sixteen professors to
+British Universities.' Chalmers's _Biog. Dict._ xvi. 289.
+
+[134] See _ante_, i. 257, note 3.
+
+[135] See _ante_, i. 228.
+
+[136] See _ante_, ii. 196.
+
+[137] In the original, _cursed the form that_, &c. Johnson's _Works_, i.
+21.
+
+[138] Mistress of Edward IV. BOSWELL.
+
+[139] Mistress of Louis XIV. BOSWELL. Voltaire, speaking of the King and
+Mlle. de La Vallière (not Valiere, as Lord Hailes wrote her name),
+says:--'Il goûta avec elle le bonheur rare d'être aimé uniquement pour
+lui-même.' _Siècle de Louis XIV_, ch. 25. He describes her penitence in
+a fine passage. _Ib._ ch. 26.
+
+[140] Malone, in a note on the _Life of Boswell_ under 1749, says that
+'this lady was not the celebrated Lady Vane, whose memoirs were given to
+the public by Dr. Smollett [in _Peregrine Pickle_], but Anne Vane, who
+was mistress to Frederick Prince of Wales, and died in 1736, not long
+before Johnson settled in London.' She is mentioned in a note to Horace
+Walpole's _Letters_, 1. cxxxvi.
+
+[141] Catharine Sedley, the mistress of James II, is described by
+Macaulay, _Hist of Eng._ ed. 1874, ii. 323.
+
+[142] Dr. A Carlyle (_Auto._ p. 114) tells how in 1745 he found
+'Professor Maclaurin busy on the walls on the south side of Edinburgh,
+endeavoring to make them more defensible [against the Pretender]. He had
+even erected some small cannon.' See _ante_, iii, 15, for a ridiculous
+story told of him by Goldsmith.
+
+[143]
+
+      'Crudelis ubique
+Luctus, ubique pavor, et plurima
+  mortis imago:'
+    'grim grief on every side,
+And fear on every side there is,
+  and many-faced is death.'
+
+Morris, Virgil _Aeneids_, ii. 368.
+
+[144] Mr. Maclaurin's epitaph, as engraved on a marble tomb-stone, in the
+Grey-Friars church-yard, Edinburgh:--
+
+     Infra situs est
+     COLIN MACLAURIN,
+     Mathes. olim in Acad. Edin. Prof.
+     Electus ipso Newtono suadente.
+     H.L.P.F.
+     Non ut nomini paterno consulat,
+     Nam tali auxilio nil eget;
+     Sed ut in hoc infelici campo,
+     Ubi luctus regnant et pavor,
+     Mortalibus prorsus non absit solatium;
+     Hujus enim scripta evolve,
+     Mentemque tantarum rerum capacem
+     Corpori caduco superstitem crede.
+
+BOSWELL.
+
+[145] See _ante_, i. 437, and _post_, p. 72.
+
+[146]
+
+     'What is't to us, if taxes rise or fall,
+      Thanks to our fortune we pay none at all.
+
+      No statesman e'er will  find it worth his pains
+      To tax our labours and excise our brains.
+      Burthens like these vile earthly buildings bear,
+      No tribute's laid on _Castles_ in the _Air_'
+
+Churchill's _Poems, Night,_ ed. 1766, i. 89.
+
+[147] Pitt, in 1784, laid a tax of ten shillings a year on every horse
+'kept for the saddle, or to be put in carriages used solely for
+pleasure.'_Parl. Hist._ xxiv. 1028.
+
+[148] In 1763 he published the following description of himself in his
+_Correspondence with Erskine_, ed. 1879, p.36. 'The author of the _Ode
+to Tragedy_ is a most excellent man; he is of an ancient family in the
+west of Scotland, upon which he values himself not a little. At his
+nativity there appeared omens of his future greatness. His parts are
+bright; and his education has been good. He has travelled in
+post-chaises miles without number. He is fond of seeing much of the
+world. He eats of every good dish, especially apple-pie. He drinks old
+hock. He has a very fine temper. He is somewhat of an humorist, and a
+little tinctured with pride. He has a good manly countenance, and he
+owns himself to be amorous. He has infinite vivacity, yet is observed at
+times to have a melancholy cast. He is rather fat than lean, rather
+short than tall, rather young than old.' He is oddly enough described in
+Arighi's _Histoire de Pascal Paoli_, i. 231, 'En traversant la
+Mediterranée sur de frêles navires pour venir s'asseoir au foyer de la
+nationalité Corse, des hommes _graves_ tels que Boswel et Volney
+obéissaient sans doute à un sentiment bien plus élevé qu'au besoin
+vulgaire d'une puérile curiosité'
+
+[149] See _ante_, i. 400.
+
+[150] For _respectable_, see _ante_, iii. 241, note 2.
+
+[151] Boswell, in the last of his _Hypochondriacks_, says:--'I perceive
+that my essays are not so lively as I expected they would be, but they
+are more learned. And I beg I may not be charged with excessive
+arrogance when I venture to say that they contain a considerable portion
+of original thinking.'_London Mag_. 1783, p. 124.
+
+[152] Burns, in _The Author's Earnest Cry and Prayer_, says:--
+
+     'But could I like Montgomeries fight,
+      Or gab like Boswell.'
+
+Boswell and Burns were born within a few miles of each other, Boswell
+being the elder by eighteen years.
+
+[153]
+     'For pointed satire I would Buckhurst choose,
+      The best good man, with the worst-natured muse.'
+
+Rochester's _Imitations of Horace, Sat_. i. 10.
+
+[154] Johnson's _Works_, ix. i. See _ante_, ii. 278, where he wrote to
+Boswell:--'I have endeavoured to do you some justice in the first
+paragraph [of the _Journey_].' The day before he started for Scotland he
+wrote to Dr. Taylor:--'Mr. Boswell, an active lively fellow, is to
+conduct me round the country.' _Notes and Queries_, 6th S. v. 422. 'His
+inquisitiveness,' he said, 'is seconded by great activity.' _Works_, ix.
+8. On Oct. 7 he wrote from Skye:--'Boswell will praise my resolution and
+perseverance; and I shall in return celebrate his good humour and
+perpetual cheerfulness.... It is very convenient to travel with him, for
+there is no house where he is not received with kindness and respect.'
+_Piozzi Letters_, i. 198. He told Mrs. Knowles that 'Boswell was the
+best travelling companion in the world.' _Ante_, iii. 294. Mr. Croker
+says (_Croker's Boswell_, p. 280):--'I asked Lord Stowell in what
+estimation he found Boswell amongst his countrymen. "Generally liked as
+a good-natured jolly fellow," replied his lordship. "But was he
+respected?" "Well, I think he had about the proportion of respect that
+you might guess would be shown to a jolly fellow." His lordship thought
+there was more regard than respect.' _Hebrides,_ p. 40.
+
+[155] See _ante_, ii. 103, 411.
+
+[156] There were two quarto volumes of this Diary; perhaps one of them
+Johnson took with him. Boswell had 'accidently seen them and had read a
+great deal in them,' as he owned to Johnson (_ante_, under Dec. 9,
+1784), and moreover had, it should seem, copied from them (_ante_, i.
+251). The 'few fragments' he had received from Francis Barber
+(_ante_, i. 27).
+
+[157] In the original 'how much we lost _at separation_' Johnson's
+_Works_, ix. I. Mr. William Nairne was afterwards a Judge of the Court
+of Sessions by the title of Lord Dunsinnan. Sir Walter Scott wrote of
+him:--'He was a man of scrupulous integrity. When sheriff depute of
+Perthshire, he found upon reflection, that he had decided a poor man's
+case erroneously; and as the only remedy, supplied the litigant
+privately with money to carry the suit to the supreme court, where his
+judgment was reversed.' Croker's _Boswell_, p. 280.
+
+[158]
+
+     'Non illic urbes, non tu mirabere silvas:
+      Una est injusti caerula forma maris.
+
+_Ovid. Amor._ L. II. El. xi.
+
+     Nor groves nor towns the ruthless ocean shows;
+     Unvaried still its azure surface flows.
+
+BOSWELL.
+
+[159] See _ante_. ii. 229.
+
+[160] My friend, General Campbell, Governour of Madras, tells me, that
+they made _speldings_ in the East-Indies, particularly at Bombay, where
+they call them _Bambaloes_. BOSWELL. Johnson had told Boswell that he
+was 'the most _unscottified_ of his countrymen.'_Ante_, ii. 242.
+
+[161] 'A small island, which neither of my companions had ever visited,
+though, lying within their view, it had all their lives solicited their
+notice.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 1.
+
+[162] 'The remains of the fort have been removed to assist in
+constructing a very useful lighthouse upon the island. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[163]
+
+     'Unhappy queen!
+      Unwilling I forsook your friendly state.'
+
+Dryden. [_Aeneid_, vi. 460.] BOSWELL.
+
+[164] Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. p. 331) says of his journey to London in
+1758:--'It is to be noted that we could get no four-wheeled chaise
+till we came to Durham, those conveyances being then only in their
+infancy. Turnpike roads were only in their commencement in the north.'
+'It affords a southern stranger,' wrote Johnson (_Works_ ix. 2), 'a new
+kind of pleasure to travel so commodiously without the interruption of
+toll-gates.'
+
+[165] See _ante_, iii. 265, for Lord Shelburne's statement on this
+subject.
+
+[166] See _ante_, ii. 339, and iii. 205, note 4.
+
+[167] See _ante_, iii. 46.
+
+[168] The passage quoted by Dr. Johnson is in the _Character of the
+Assembly-man_; Butler's _Remains_, p. 232, edit. 1754:--'He preaches,
+indeed, both in season and out of season; for he rails at Popery, when
+the land is almost lost in Presbytery; and would cry Fire! Fire! in
+Noah's flood.'
+
+There is reason to believe that this piece was not written by Butler,
+but by Sir John Birkenhead; for Wood, in his _Athenae Oxonienses_, vol.
+ii. p. 640, enumerates it among that gentleman's works, and gives the
+following account of it:
+
+_'The Assembly-man_ (or the character of an assembly-man) written 1647,
+_Lond._ 1662-3, in three sheets in qu. The copy of it was taken from the
+author by those who said they could not rob, because all was theirs; so
+excised what they liked not; and so mangled and reformed it, that it was
+no character of an Assembly, but of themselves. At length, after it had
+slept several years, the author published it to avoid false copies. It
+is also reprinted in a book entit. _Wit and Loyalty revived_, in a
+collection of some smart satyrs in verse and prose on the late times.
+_Lond._ 1682, qu. said to be written by Abr. Cowley, Sir John
+Birkenhead, and Hudibras, alias Sam. Butler.'--For this information I am
+indebted to Mr. Reed, of Staple Inn. BOSWELL. This tract is in the
+_Harleian Misc_., ed. 1810, vi. 57. Mr. Reed's quotation differs
+somewhat from it.
+
+[169] 'When a Scotchman was talking against Warburton, Johnson said he
+had more literature than had been imported from Scotland since the days
+of Buchanan. Upon the other's mentioning other eminent writers of the
+Scotch; "These will not do," said Johnson, "Let us have some more of
+your northern lights; these are mere farthing candles."' Johnson's
+_Works_ (1787), xi. 208. Dr. T. Campbell records (_Diary_, p. 61) that
+at the dinner at Mr. Dilly's, described _ante_, ii. 338, 'Dr. Johnson
+compared England and Scotland to two lions, the one saturated with his
+belly full, and the other prowling for prey. He defied any one to
+produce a classical book written in Scotland since Buchanan. Robertson,
+he said, used pretty words, but he liked Hume better; and neither of
+them would he allow to be more to Clarendon than a rat to a cat. "A
+Scotch surgeon may have more learning than an English one, and all
+Scotland could not muster learning enough for Lowth's _Prelections_."'
+See _ante_, ii. 363, and March 30, 1783.
+
+[170] The poem is entitled _Gualterus Danistonus ad Amicos_. It
+begins:--
+
+     'Dum studeo fungi fallentis munere vitae'
+
+Which Prior imitates:--
+
+     'Studious the busy moments to deceive.'
+
+Sir Walter Scott thought that the poem praised by Johnson was 'more
+likely the fine epitaph on John, Viscount of Dundee, translated by
+Dryden, and beginning _Ultime Scotoruml_' Archibald Pitcairne, M.D., was
+born in 1652, and died in 1713.
+
+[171] My Journal, from this day inclusive, was read by Dr. Johnson.
+BOSWELL. It was read by Johnson up to the second paragraph of Oct. 26.
+Boswell, it should seem, once at least shewed Johnson a part of the
+Journal from which he formed his _Life_. See _ante_, iii. 260, where he
+says:--'It delighted him on a review to find that his conversation
+teemed with point and imagery.'
+
+[172] See _ante_, ii. 20, note 4.
+
+[173] Goldsmith, in his _Present State of Polite Learning_, published in
+1759, says, (ch. x):--'When the great Somers was at the helm, patronage
+was fashionable among our nobility ... Since the days of a certain prime
+minister of inglorious memory [Sir Robert Walpole] the learned have been
+kept pretty much at a distance. ... The author, when unpatronised by the
+Great, has naturally recourse to the bookseller. There cannot be perhaps
+imagined a combination more prejudicial to taste than this. It is the
+interest of the one to allow as little for writing, and of the other to
+write as much as possible; accordingly tedious compilations and
+periodical magazines are the result of their joint endeavours.'
+
+[174] In the first number of _The Rambler_, Johnson shews how attractive
+to an author is the form of publication which he was himself then
+adopting:--'It heightens his alacrity to think in how many places he
+shall have what he is now writing read with ecstacies to-morrow.'
+
+[175] Yet he said 'the inhabitants of Lichfield were the most sober,
+decent people in England.' _Ante_, ii. 463.
+
+[176] At the beginning of the eighteenth century, says Goldsmith,
+'smoking in the rooms [at Bath] was permitted.' When Nash became King of
+Bath he put it down. Goldsmith's _Works_, ed. 1854, iv. 51. 'Johnson,'
+says Boswell (_ante_, i. 317), 'had a high opinion of the sedative
+influence of smoking.'
+
+[177] Dr. Johnson used to practise this himself very much. BOSWELL.
+
+[178] In _The Tatler_, for May 24, 1709, we are told that 'rural
+esquires wear shirts half a week, and are drunk twice a day.' In the
+year 1720, Fenton urged Gay 'to sell as much South Sea stock as would
+purchase a hundred a year for life, "which will make you sure of a clean
+shirt and a shoulder of mutton every day."' Johnson's _Works_, viii. 65.
+In _Tristram Shandy_, ii. ch. 4, published in 1759, we read:--'It was in
+this year [about 1700] that my uncle began to break in upon the daily
+regularity of a clean shirt.' In _the Spiritual Quixote_, published in
+1773 (i. 51), Tugwell says to his master:--'Your Worship belike has been
+used to shift you twice a week.' Mrs. Piozzi (_Journey_, i. 105, date of
+1789) says that she heard in Milan 'a travelled gentleman telling his
+auditors how all the men in London, _that were noble_, put on a clean
+shirt every day.' Johnson himself owned that he had 'no passion for
+clean linen.' _Ante_, i. 397.
+
+[179] Scott, in _Old Mortality_, ed. 1860, ix. 352, says:--'It was a
+universal custom in Scotland, that, when the family was at dinner, the
+outer-gate of the court-yard, if there was one, and if not, the door of
+the house itself, was always shut and locked.' In a note on this he
+says:--'The custom of keeping the door of a house or chateau locked
+during the time of dinner probably arose from the family being anciently
+assembled in the hall at that meal, and liable to surprise.'
+
+[180] Johnson, writing of 'the chapel of the alienated college,'
+says:--'I was always by some civil excuse hindered from entering it.'
+_Works_, ix. 4.
+
+[181] George Marline's _Reliquiae divi Andreae_ was published in 1797.
+
+[182] See _ante_, ii. 171, and iv. 75.
+
+[183] Mr. Chambers says that Knox was buried in a place which soon after
+became, and ever since has been, a high-way; namely, the old church-yard
+of St. Giles in Edinburgh. Croker's _Boswell_, p. 283.
+
+[184] In _The Rambler_, No. 82, Johnson makes a virtuoso write:--'I
+often lamented that I was not one of that happy generation who
+demolished the convents and monasteries, and broke windows by law.' He
+had in 1754 'viewed with indignation the ruins of the Abbeys of Oseney
+and Rewley near Oxford.' Ante, i. 273. Smollett, in _Humphry Clinker_
+(Letrer of Aug. 8), describes St. Andrews as 'the skeleton of a
+venerable city.'
+
+[185] 'Some talked of the right of society to the labour of individuals,
+and considered retirement as a desertion of duty. Others readily allowed
+that there was a time when the claims of the publick were satisfied, and
+when a man might properly sequester himself to review his life and
+purify his heart.' _Rasselas_, ch. 22.
+
+[186] See _ante_, ii. 423.
+
+[187] See _ante_, iv. 5, note 2, and v. 27.
+
+[188] 'He that lives well in the world is better than he that lives well
+in a monastery. But, perhaps, every one is not able to stem the
+temptations of publick life, and, if he cannot conquer, he may properly
+retreat.' _Rasselas_, ch. 47. See _ante_, ii. 435.
+
+[189] 'A youthful passion for abstracted devotion should not be
+encouraged.' _Ante_, ii. 10. The hermit in _Rasselas_ (ch. 21)
+says:--'The life of a solitary man will be certainly miserable, but not
+certainly devout.' In Johnson's _Works_ (1787), xi. 203, we read that
+'Johnson thought worse of the vices of retirement than of those of
+society.' Southey (_Life of Wesley_, i. 39) writes:--'Some time before
+John Wesley's return to the University, he had travelled many miles to
+see what is called "a serious man." This person said to him, "Sir, you
+wish to serve God and go to heaven. Remember, you cannot serve Him
+alone; you must therefore find companions or make them; the Bible knows
+nothing of solitary religion." Wesley never forgot these words.'
+
+[190] [Erga neon, boulai de meson euchai de gerunton. _Hesiodi
+Fragmenta_, Lipsiae 1840, p. 371]
+
+     Let youth in deeds, in  counsel man engage;
+     Prayer is the proper duty of old age.
+
+BOSWELL.
+
+[191] One 'sorrowful scene' Johnson was perhaps too late in the year to
+see. Wesley, who visited St. Andrews on May 27, 1776, during the
+vacation, writes (_Journal_, iv. 75):--'What is left of St. Leonard's
+College is only a heap of ruins. Two colleges remain. One of them has a
+tolerable square; but all the windows are broke, like those of a
+brothel. We were informed the students do this before they leave
+the college.'
+
+[192] 'He was murdered by the ruffians of reformation, in the manner of
+which Knox has given what he himself calls a merry narrative.' Johnson's
+_Works_, ix. 3. In May 1546 the Cardinal had Wishart the Reformer
+killed, and at the end of the same month he got killed himself.
+
+[193] Johnson says (_Works_, ix. 5):--'The doctor, by whom it was
+shown, hoped to irritate or subdue my English vanity by telling me that
+we had no such repository of books in England.' He wrote to Mrs. Thrale
+(_Piozzi Letters_, i. 113):--'For luminousness and elegance it may vie
+at least with the new edifice at Streatham.' 'The new edifice' was, no
+doubt, the library of which he took the touching farewell. _Ante_,
+iv. 158.
+
+[194] 'Sorrow is properly that state of the mind in which our desires
+are fixed upon the past, without looking forward to the future, an
+incessant wish that something were otherwise than it has been, a
+tormenting and harassing want of some enjoyment or possession which we
+have lost, and which no endeavours can possibly regain.' _The Rambler_,
+No. 47. He wrote to Mrs. Thrale on the death of her son:--'Do not
+indulge your sorrow; try to drive it away by either pleasure or pain;
+for, opposed to what you are feeling, many pains will become pleasures.'
+_Piozzi Letters_, i. 310.
+
+[195] See ante, ii. 151.
+
+[196] The Pembroke College grace was written by Camden. It was as
+follows:--'Gratias tibi agimus, Deus misericors, pro acceptis a tua
+bonitate alimentis; enixe comprecantes ut serenissimum nostrum Regem
+Georgium, totam regiam familiam, populumque tuum universum tuta in pace
+semper custodies.'
+
+[197] Sharp was murdered on May 3, 1679, in a moor near St. Andrews.
+Burnet's _History of his Own time_, ed. 1818, ii. 82, and Scott's _Old
+Mortality_, ed, 1860, ix. 297, and x. 203.
+
+[198] 'One of its streets is now lost; and in those that remain there is
+the silence and solitude of inactive indigence and gloomy
+depopulation.... St. Andrews seems to be a place eminently adapted to
+study and education.... The students, however, are represented as, at
+this time, not exceeding a hundred. I saw no reason for imputing their
+paucity to the present professors.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 4. A student,
+he adds, of lower rank could get his board, lodging, and instruction for
+less than ten pounds for the seven months of residence. Stockdale says
+(_Memoirs_, i. 238) that 'in St. Andrews, in 1756, for a good bedroom,
+coals, and the attendance of a servant I paid one shilling a week.'
+
+[199] _The Compleat Fencing-Master_, by Sir William Hope. London, 1691.
+
+[200] 'In the whole time of our stay we were gratified by every mode of
+kindness, and entertained with all the elegance of lettered hospitality'
+Johnson's _Works_, ix. 3.
+
+[201] Dugald Stewart (_Life of Adam Smith_, p. 107) writes:--'Mr. Smith
+observed to me not long before his death, that after all his practice in
+writing he composed as slowly, and with as great difficulty as at first.
+He added at the same time that Mr. Hume had acquired so great a facility
+in this respect, that the last volumes of his _History_ were printed
+from his original copy, with a few marginal corrections.' See _ante_,
+iii. 437 and iv. 12.
+
+[202] Of these only twenty-five have been published: Johnson's _Works_,
+ix. 289-525. See _ante_, iii. 19, note 3, and 181. Johnson wrote on
+April 20, 1778:--'I have made sermons, perhaps as readily as formerly.'
+_Pr. and Med._ p. 170. 'I should think,' said Lord Eldon, 'that no
+clergyman ever wrote as many sermons as Lord Stowell. I advised him to
+burn all his manuscripts of that kind. It is not fair to the clergymen
+to have it known he wrote them.' Twiss's _Eldon_, iii. 286. Johnson, we
+may be sure, had no copy of any of his sermons. That none of them should
+be known but those he wrote for Taylor is strange.
+
+[203] He made the same statement on June 3, 1781 (_ante_, iv. 127),
+adding, 'I should be glad to see it [the translation] now.' This shows
+that he was not speaking of his translation of _Lobo_, as Mr. Croker
+maintains in a note on this passage. I believe he was speaking of his
+translation of Courayer's _Life of Paul Sarpi. Ante_, i. 135.
+
+[204] 'As far as I am acquainted with modern architecture, I am aware of
+no streets which, in simplicity and manliness of style, or general
+breadth and brightness of effect, equal those of the New Town of
+Edinburgh. But, etc.' Ruskin's _Lectures on Architecture and
+Painting_, p. 2.
+
+[205] Horace, _Odes_, ii. 14. 1.
+
+[206] John Abernethy, a Presbyterian divine. His works in 7 vols. 8vo.
+were published in 1740-51.
+
+[207] Leechman was principal of Glasgow University (_post_, Oct. 29). On
+his appointment to the Chair of Theology he had been prosecuted for
+heresy for having, in his _Sermon on Prayer_, omitted to state the
+obligation to pray in the name of Christ. Dr. A. Carlyle's _Auto_. p.
+69. One of his sermons was placed in Hume's hands, apparently that the
+author might have his suggestions in preparing a second edition. Hume
+says:--'First the addressing of our virtuous withes and desires to the
+Deity, since the address has no influence on him, is only a kind of
+rhetorical figure, in order to render these wishes more ardent and
+passionate. This is Mr. Leechman's doctrine. Now the use of any figure
+of speech can never be a duty. Secondly, this figure, like most figures
+of rhetoric, has an evident impropriety in it, for we can make use of no
+expression, or even thought, in prayers and entreaties, which does not
+imply that these prayers have an influence. Thirdly, this figure is very
+dangerous, and leads directly, and even unavoidably, to impiety and
+blasphemy,' etc. J.H. Burton's _Hume_, i. 161.
+
+[208] Nichols (_Lit. Anec._ ii. 555) records:--'During the whole of my
+intimacy with Dr. Johnson he rarely permitted me to depart without some
+sententious advice.... His words at parting were, "Take care of your
+eternal salvation. Remember to observe the Sabbath. Let it never be a
+day of business, nor wholly a day of dissipation." He concluded his
+solemn farewell with, "Let my words have their due weight. They are the
+words of a dying man." I never saw him more.'
+
+[209] See _ante_, ii. 72.
+
+[210] 'From the bank of the Tweed to St. Andrews I had never seen a
+single tree which I did not believe to have grown up far within the
+present century.... The variety of sun and shade is here utterly
+unknown.... A tree might be a show in Scotland as a horse in Venice.
+At St. Andrews Mr. Boswell found only one, and recommended it to my
+notice: I told him that it was rough and low, or looked as if I thought
+so. "This," said he, "is nothing to another a few miles off." I was still
+less delighted to hear that another tree was not to be seen nearer.
+"Nay," said a gentleman that stood by, "I know but of this and that tree
+in the county."' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 7 'In all this journey [so far
+as Slains Castle] I have not travelled an hundred yards between hedges,
+or seen five trees fit for the carpenter.' _Piozzi Letters_, i.120. See
+_ante_, ii. 301.
+
+[211] One of the Boswells of this branch was, in 1798, raised to the
+bench under the title of Lord Balmuto. It was his sister who was
+Boswell's step-mother. Rogers's _Boswelliana,_ pp. 4, 82.
+
+[212] 'The colony of Leuchars is a vain imagination concerning a certain
+fleet of Danes wrecked on Sheughy Dikes.' WALTER SCOTT. 'The fishing
+people on that coast have, however, all the appearance of being a
+different race from the inland population, and their dialect has many
+peculiarities.' LOCKHART. Croker's _Boswell_, p. 286.
+
+[213] 'I should scarcely have regretted my journey, had it afforded
+nothing more than the sight of Aberbrothick.' _Works_, ix. 9.
+
+[214] Johnson referred, I believe, to the last of Tillotson's _Sermons
+preached upon Several Occasions_, ed. 1673, p. 316, where the preacher
+says:--'Supposing the _Scripture_ to be a Divine Revelation, and that
+these words (_This is My Body_), if they be in Scripture, must
+necessarily be taken in the strict and literal sense, I ask now, What
+greater evidence any man has that these words (_This is My Body_) are in
+the Bible than every man has that the bread is not changed in the
+sacrament? Nay, no man has so much, for we have only the evidence of
+_one_ sense that these words are in the Bible, but that the bread is not
+changed we have the concurring testimony of _several_ of our senses.'
+
+[215] This also is Tillotson's argument. 'There is no more certain
+foundation for it [transubstantiation] in Scripture than for our
+Saviour's being substantially changed into all those things which are
+said of him, as that he is a _rock_, a _vine_, a _door_, and a hundred
+other things.' _Ib_. p. 313.
+
+[216] Then Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, except
+ye eat the flesh of the son of man, and drink his blood, ye have no life
+in you. See _St. John's Gospel_, chap. vi. 53, and following
+verses. BOSWELL.
+
+[217] See _ante_, p. 26.
+
+[218] See _ante_, i. 140, note 5, and v. 50.
+
+[219] Johnson, after saying that the inn was not so good as they
+expected, continues:--'But Mr. Boswell desired me to observe that the
+innkeeper was an Englishman, and I then defended him as well as I
+could.' _Works_, ix. 9.
+
+[220] Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale on July 29, 1775 (_Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 292):--' I hope I shall quickly come to Streatham...and catch a little
+gaiety among you.' On this Baretti noted in his copy:--'_That_ he never
+caught. He thought and mused at Streatham as he did habitually
+everywhere, and seldom or never minded what was doing about him.' On the
+margin of i. 315 Baretti has written:--'Johnson mused as much on the road
+to Paris as he did in his garret in London as much at a French opera as
+in his room at Streatham.'
+
+[221] _A Biographical Sketch of Dr. Samuel Johnson,_ by Thomas Tyers,
+Esq. See _ante_, iii. 308.
+
+[222] This description of Dr. Johnson appears to have been borrowed from
+Tom Jones, bk. xi. ch. ii. 'The other who, like a ghost, only wanted to
+be spoke to, readily answered, '&c. BOSWELL.
+
+[223] Perhaps he gave the 'shilling extraordinary' because he 'found a
+church,' as he says, 'clean to a degree unknown in any other part of
+Scotland.' _Works_, ix. 9.
+
+[224] See _ante,_ iii. 22.
+
+[225] See _ante,_ May 9, 1784. Yet Johnson says (_Works_, ix. 10):--'The
+magnetism of Lord Monboddo's conversation easily drew us out of
+our way.'
+
+[226] There were several points of similarity between them; learning,
+clearness of head, precision of speech, and a love of research on many
+subjects which people in general do not investigate. Foote paid Lord
+Monboddo the compliment of saying, that he was an Elzevir edition
+of Johnson.
+
+It has been shrewdly observed that Foote must have meant a diminutive,
+or _pocket_ edition. BOSWELL. The latter part of this note is not in the
+first edition.
+
+[227] Lord Elibank (_post_, Sept. 12) said that he would go five hundred
+miles to see Dr. Johnson; but Johnson never said more than he meant.
+
+[228] _Works_, ix. 10. Of the road to Montrose he remarks:--'When I had
+proceeded thus far I had opportunities of observing, what I had never
+heard, that there were many beggars in Scotland. In Edinburgh the the
+proportion is, I think, not less than in London, and in the smaller
+places it is far greater than in English towns of the same extent. It
+must, however, be allowed that they are not importunate, nor clamorous.
+They solicit silently, or very modestly.' _Ib._ p. 9. See _post_, p.
+116, note 2.
+
+[229] James Mill was born on April 6, 1773, at Northwater Bridge, parish
+of Logie Pert, Forfar. The bridge was 'on the great central line of
+communication from the north of Scotland. The hamlet is right and left
+of the high road.' Bain's _Life of James Mill_, p. 1. Boswell and
+Johnson, on their road to Laurence Kirk, must have passed close to the
+cottage in which he was lying, a baby not five months old.
+
+[230] See _ante_, i. 211.
+
+[231] There is some account of him in Chambers's _Traditions of
+Edinburgh_, ed. 1825, ii. 173, and in Dr. A. Carlyle's _Auto._ p. 136.
+
+[232] G. Chalmers (_Life of Ruddiman_, p. 270) says:--'In May, 1790, Lord
+Gardenston declared that he still intended to erect a proper monument in
+his village to the memory of the late learned and worthy Mr. Ruddiman.'
+In 1792 Gardenston, in his _Miscellanies_, p. 257, attacked Ruddiman.
+'It has of late become fashionable,' he wrote, 'to speak of Ruddiman in
+terms of the highest respect.' The monument was never raised.
+
+[233] _A Letter to the Inhabitants of Laurence Kirk_, by F. Garden.
+
+[234] 'Be not forgetful to entertain strangers: for thereby some have
+entertained angels unawares.' _Hebrews_ xiii, 2.
+
+[235] This, I find, is considered as obscure. I suppose Dr. Johnson
+meant, that I assiduously and earnestly recommended myself to some of
+the members, as in a canvass for an election into parliament. BOSWELL.
+See _ante_, ii, 235.
+
+[236] Goldsmith in _Retaliation_, a few months later, wrote of William
+Burke:--'Would you ask for his merits? alas! he had none; What was good
+was spontaneous, his faults were his own.' See _ante_, iii 362, note 2.
+
+[237] See _ante_, iii. 260, 390, 425.
+
+[238] Hannah More (_Memoirs_, i. 252) wrote of Monboddo in 1782:--'He is
+such an extravagant adorer of the ancients, that he scarcely allows the
+English language to be capable of any excellence, still less the French.
+He said we moderns are entirely degenerated. I asked in what? "In
+everything," was his answer. He loves slavery upon principle. I asked
+him how he could vindicate such an enormity. He owned it was because
+Plutarch justified it. He is so wedded to system that, as Lord
+Barrington said to me the other day, rather than sacrifice his favourite
+opinion that men were born with tails, he would be contented to wear
+one himself.'
+
+[239] Scott, in a note on _Guy Mannering_, ed. 1860, iv. 267, writes of
+Monboddo:--'The conversation of the excellent old man, his high,
+gentleman-like, chivalrous spirit, the learning and wit with which he
+defended his fanciful paradoxes, the kind and liberal spirit of his
+hospitality, must render these _noctes coenaeque_ dear to all who, like
+the author (though then young), had the honour of sitting at his board.'
+
+[240] Lord Cockburn, writing of the title that Jeffrey took when he was
+raised to the Bench in 1834, said:--'The Scotch Judges are styled
+_Lords_; a title to which long usage has associated feelings of
+reverence in the minds of the people, who could not now be soon made to
+respect or understand _Mr. Justice_. During its strongly feudalised
+condition, the landholders of Scotland, who were almost the sole judges,
+were really known only by the names of their estates. It was an insult,
+and in some parts of the country it is so still, to call a laird by his
+personal, instead of his territorial, title. But this assumption of two
+names, one official and one personal, and being addressed by the one and
+subscribing by the other, is wearing out, and will soon disappear
+entirely.' Cockburn's _Jeffrey_, i. 365. See _post_, p. 111, note 1.
+
+[241] _Georgics_, i. 1.
+
+[242] Walter Scott used to tell an instance of Lord Monboddo's
+agricultural enthusiasm, that returning home one night after an absence
+(I think) on circuit, he went out with a candle to look at a field of
+turnips, then a novelty in Scotland. CROKER.
+
+[243] Johnson says the same in his _Life of John Philips_, and adds:--
+'This I was told by Miller, the great gardener and botanist, whose
+experience was, that "there were many books written on the same subject
+in prose, which do not contain so much truth as that poem."' _Works_,
+vii. 234. Miller is mentioned in Walpole's _Letters_, ii. 352:--'There is
+extreme taste in the park [Hagley]: the seats are not the best, but
+there is not one absurdity. There is a ruined castle built by Miller,
+that would get him his freedom, even of Strawberry: it has the true rust
+of the Barons' Wars.'
+
+[244] See _ante_, p. 27.
+
+[245] My note of this is much too short. _Brevis esse laboro, obscurus
+fio_. ['I strive to be concise, I prove obscure.' FRANCIS. Horace, _Ars
+Poet_. l. 25.] Yet as I have resolved that _the very Journal which Dr.
+Johnson read_, shall be presented to the publick, I will not expand the
+text in any considerable degree, though I may occasionally supply a word
+to complete the sense, as I fill up the blanks of abbreviation, in the
+writing; neither of which can be said to change the genuine _Journal_.
+One of the best criticks of our age conjectures that the imperfect
+passage above was probably as follows: 'In his book we have an accurate
+display of a nation in war, and a nation in peace; the peasant is
+delineated as truly as the general; nay, even harvest-sport, and the
+modes of ancient theft are described.' BOSWELL. 'One of the best
+criticks is, I believe, Malone, who had 'perused the original
+manuscript.' See _ante_, p. 1; and _post_, Oct. 26, and under Nov. 11.
+
+[246] It was in the Parliament-house that 'the ordinary Lords of
+Session,' the Scotch Judges, that is to say, held their courts.
+_Ante_, p. 39.
+
+[247] Dr. Johnson modestly said, he had not read Homer so much as he
+wished he had done. But this conversation shews how well he was
+acquainted with the Maeonian bard; and he has shewn it still more in his
+criticism upon Pope's _Homer_, in his _Life_ of that Poet. My excellent
+friend, Mr. Langton, told me, he was once present at a dispute between
+Dr. Johnson and Mr. Burke, on the comparative merits of Homer and
+Virgil, which was carried on with extraordinary abilities on both sides.
+Dr. Johnson maintained the superiority of Homer. BOSWELL. Johnson told
+Windham that he had never read through the Odyssey in the original.
+Windham's _Diary_, p. 17. See _ante_, iii. 193, and May 1, 1783.
+
+[248] Johnson ten years earlier told Boswell that he loved most 'the
+biographical part of literature.' _Ante_, i. 425. Goldsmith said of
+biography:--'It furnishes us with an opportunity of giving advice freely
+and without offence.... Counsels as well as compliments are best
+conveyed in an indirect and oblique manner, and this renders biography
+as well as fable a most convenient vehicle for instruction. An ingenious
+gentleman was asked what was the best lesson for youth; he answered,
+"The life of a good man." Being again asked what was the next best, he
+replied, "The life of a bad one."' Prior's _Goldsmith_, i. 395.
+
+[249] See _ante_, p. 57.
+
+[250] Ten years later he said:--'There is now a great deal more
+learning in the world than there was formerly; for it is universally
+diffused.' _Ante_, April 29,1783. Windham (_Diary_, p. 17) records
+'Johnson's opinion that I could not name above five of my college
+acquaintances who read Latin with sufficient ease to make it
+pleasurable.'
+
+[251] See _ante_, ii. 352.
+
+[252] 'Warburton, whatever was his motive, undertook without
+solicitation to rescue Pope from the talons of Crousaz, by freeing him
+from the imputation of favouring fatality, or rejecting revelation; and
+from month to month continued a vindication of the _Essay on Man_ in the
+literary journal of that time, called the _Republick of Letters'_
+Johnson's _Works_, viii. 289. Pope wrote to Warburton of the _Essay on
+Man_:--'You understand my work better than I do myself.' Pope's _Works_,
+ed. 1886, ix. 211.
+
+[253] See _ante_, ii. 37, note I, and Pope's _Works_, ed. 1886, ix. 220.
+Allen was Ralph Allen of Prior Park near Bath, to whom Fielding
+dedicated _Amelia_, and who is said to have been the original of
+Allworthy in _Tom Jones_. It was he of whom Pope wrote:--
+
+     'Let low-born Allen, with an awkward shame,
+      Do good by stealth and blush to find it fame.'
+
+_Epilogue to the Satires_, i. 135.
+
+_Low-born_ in later editions was changed to _humble_. Warburton not only
+married his niece, but, on his death, became in her right owner of
+Prior Park.
+
+[254] Mr. Mark Pattison (_Satires of Pope_, p. 158) points out
+Warburton's 'want of penetration in that subject [metaphysics] which he
+considered more peculiarly his own.' He said of 'the late Mr. Baxter'
+(Andrew Baxter, not Richard Baxter), that 'a few pages of his reasoning
+have not only more sense and substance than all the elegant discourses
+of Dr. Berkeley, but infinitely better entitle him to the character of a
+great genius.'
+
+[255] It is of Warburton that Churchill wrote in _The Duellist (Poems,_
+ed. 1766, ii. 82):--
+
+     'To prove his faith which all admit
+      Is at least equal to his wit,
+      And make himself a man of note,
+      He in defence of Scripture wrote;
+      So long he wrote, and long about it,
+      That e'en believers 'gan to doubt it.'
+
+
+[256] I find some doubt has been entertained concerning Dr. Johnson's
+meaning here. It is to be supposed that he meant, 'when a king shall
+again be entertained in Scotland.' BOSWELL.
+
+[257] Perhaps among these ladies was the Miss Burnet of Monboddo, on
+whom Burns wrote an elegy.
+
+[258] In the _Rambler_, No. 98, entitled _The Necessity of Cultivating
+Politeness_, Johnson says:--'The universal axiom in which all
+complaisance is included, and from which flow all the formalities which
+custom has established in civilized nations, is, _That no man shall give
+any preference to himself.'_ In the same paper, he says that
+'unnecessarily to obtrude unpleasing ideas is a species of oppression.'
+
+[259] Act ii. sc. 5.
+
+[260] Perhaps he was referring to Polyphemus's club, which was
+
+     'Of height and bulk so vast
+      The largest ship might claim it for a mast.'
+
+Pope's _Odyssey_, ix. 382.
+
+Or to Agamemnon's sceptre:--
+
+     'Which never more shall leaves or blossoms bear.'
+
+_Iliad_, i. 310.
+
+[261] 'We agreed pretty well, only we disputed in adjusting the claims
+of merit between a shopkeeper of London and a savage of the American
+wildernesses. Our opinions were, I think, maintained on both sides
+without full conviction; Monboddo declared boldly for the savage, and I,
+perhaps for that reason, sided with the citizen.' _Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 115.
+
+[262]
+
+     'Heroes are much the same, the point's agreed,
+      From Macedonia's madman to the Swede;
+      The whole strange purpose of their lives to find,
+      Or make, an enemy of all mankind!
+      Not one looks backward, onward still he goes,
+      Yet ne'er looks forward further than his nose.'
+
+_Essay on Man,_ iv. 219.
+
+[263] _Maccaroni_ is not in Johnson's _Dictionary_. Horace Walpole
+(_Letters_, iv. 178) on Feb. 6, 1764, mentions 'the Maccaroni Club,
+which is composed of all the travelled young men who wear long curls and
+spying-glasses.' On the following Dec. 16 he says:--'The Maccaroni Club
+has quite absorbed Arthur's; for, you know, old fools will hobble after
+young ones.' _Ib._ p. 302. See _post_, Sept. 12, for _buck_.
+
+[264] 'We came late to Aberdeen, where I found my dear mistress's
+letter, and learned that all our little people were happily recovered of
+the measles. Every part of your letter was pleasing.' _Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 115. For Johnson's use of the word _mistress_ in speaking of Mrs.
+Thrale see _ante_, i. 494.
+
+[265] See _ante_, ii. 455. 'They taught us,' said one of the Professors,
+'to raise cabbage and make shoes, How they lived without shoes may yet
+be seen; but in the passage through villages it seems to him that
+surveys their gardens, that when they had not cabbage they had nothing.'
+_Piozzi Letters_, i. 116. Johnson in the same letter says that 'New
+Aberdeen is built of that granite which is used for the _new_ pavement
+in London.'
+
+[266] 'In Aberdeen I first saw the women in plaids.' _Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 116.
+
+[267] Seven years later Mackintosh, on entering King's College, found
+there the son of Johnson's old friend, 'the learned Dr. Charles Burney,
+finishing his term at Aberdeen.' Among his fellow-students were also
+some English Dissenters, among them Robert Hall. Mackintosh's _Life,_ i.
+10, 13. In Forbes's _Life of Beattie_ (ed. 1824, p. 169) is a letter by
+Beattie, dated Oct. 15, 1773, in which the English and Scotch
+Universities are compared. Colman, in his _Random Records,_ ii. 85,
+gives an account of his life at Aberdeen as a student.
+
+[268] Lord Bolingbroke (Works, iii. 347) in 1735 speaks of 'the little
+care that is taken in the training up our youth,' and adds, 'surely it
+is impossible to take less.' See _ante_, ii. 407, and iii. 12.
+
+[269] _London, 2d May_, 1778. Dr. Johnson acknowledged that he was
+himself the authour of the translation above alluded to, and dictated it
+to me as follows:--
+
+     Quos laudet vates Graius Romanus et Anglus
+     Tres tria temporibus secla dedere suis.
+     Sublime ingenium Graius; Romanus habebat
+     Carmen grande sonans; Anglus utrumque tulit.
+     Nil majus Natura capit: clarare priores
+     Quae potuere duos tertius unus habet.    BOSWELL.
+
+It was on May 2, 1778, that Johnson attacked Boswell with such rudeness
+that he kept away from him for a week. _Ante_, iii. 337.
+
+[270] 'We were on both sides glad of the interview, having not seen nor
+perhaps thought on one another for many years; but we had no emulation,
+nor had either of us risen to the other's envy, and our old kindness was
+easily renewed.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 117.
+
+[271] Johnson wrote on Sept. 30:--'Barley-broth is a constant dish, and
+is made well in every house. A stranger, if he is prudent, will secure
+his share, for it is not certain that he will be able to eat anything
+else.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. p. 160.
+
+[272] See _ante_. p. 24.
+
+[273] _Genesis_, ix. 6.
+
+[274] My worthy, intelligent, and candid friend, Dr. Kippis, informs me,
+that several divines have thus explained the mediation of our Saviour.
+What Dr. Johnson now delivered, was but a temporary opinion; for he
+afterwards was fully convinced of the _propitiatory sacrifice_, as I
+shall shew at large in my future work, _The Life of Samuel Johnson,
+LL.D._ BOSWELL. For Dr. Kippis see _ante_, iii. 174, and for Johnson on
+the propitiatory sacrifice, iv. 124.
+
+[275] _Malachi_, iv. 2.
+
+[276] _St. Luke_, ii 32.
+
+[277] 'Healing _in_ his wings,'_Malachi_, iv. 2.
+
+[278] 'He that believeth and is baptised shall be saved; but he that
+believeth not shall be damned.' _St. Mark_, xvi. 16.
+
+[279] Mr. Langton. See _ante_, ii. 254, 265.
+
+[280] Spedding's _Bacon_, vii. 271. The poem is also given in _The
+Golden Treasury_, p. 37; where, however, 'limns _the_ water' is changed
+into 'limns _on_ water.'
+
+[281] 'Addison now returned to his vocation, and began to plan literary
+occupations for his future life. He purposed a tragedy on the death of
+Socrates... He engaged in a nobler work, a defence of the Christian
+religion, of which part was published after his death.' Johnson's
+_Works_, vii. 441, and Addison's _Works_, ed. 1856, v. 103.
+
+[282] Dr. Beattie was so kindly entertained in England, that he had not
+yet returned home. BOSWELL. Beattie was staying in London till his
+pension got settled. Early in July he had been told that he was to have
+a pension of £200 a year (_ante_, ii. 264, note 2). It was not till Aug.
+20 that it was conferred. On July 9, he, in company with Sir Joshua
+Reynolds, received the degree of D.C.L. at Oxford. On Aug. 24, he had a
+long interview with the King; 'who asked,' Beattie records, 'whether we
+had any good preachers at Aberdeen. I said "Yes," and named Campbell and
+Gerard, with whose names, however, I did not find that he was
+acquainted.' It was this same summer that Reynolds painted him in 'the
+allegorical picture representing the triumph of truth over scepticism
+and infidelity' (_post_, Oct. 1, note). Forbes's _Beattie_, ed. 1824,
+pp. 151-6, 167.
+
+[283] Dr. Johnson's burgess-ticket was in these words:--'Aberdoniae,
+vigesimo tertio die mensis Augusti, anno Domini millesimo
+septingentesimo septuagesimo tertio, in presentia honorabilium virorum,
+Jacobi Jopp, armigeri, praepositi, Adami Duff, Gulielmi Young, Georgii
+Marr, et Gulielmi Forbes, Balivorum, Gulielmi Rainie Decani guildae, et
+Joannis Nicoll Thesaurarii dicti burgi. 'Quo die vir generosus et
+doctrina clarus, Samuel Johnson, LL.D. receptus et admissus fuit in
+municipes et fratres guildae: praefati burgi de Aberdeen. In deditissimi
+amoris et affectus ac eximiae observantiae tesseram, quibus dicti
+Magistratus eum amplectuntur. Extractum per me, ALEX. CARNEGIE.'
+BOSWELL. 'I was presented with the freedom of the city, not in a gold
+box, but in good Latin. Let me pay Scotland one just praise; there was
+no officer gaping for a fee; this could have been said of no city on the
+English side of the Tweed.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 117. Baretti, in a MS.
+note on this passage, says:--'Throughout England nothing is done for
+nothing. Stop a moment to look at the rusticks mowing a field, and they
+will presently quit their work to come to you, and ask something to
+drink.' Aberdeen conferred its freedom so liberally about this time that
+it is surprising that Boswell was passed over. George Colman the
+younger, when a youth of eighteen, was sent to King's College. He says
+in his worthless _Random Records_, ii. 99:--'I had scarcely been a week
+in Old Aberdeen, when the Lord Provost of the New Town invited me to
+drink wine with him one evening in the Town Hall; there I found a
+numerous company assembled. The object of this meeting was soon declared
+to me by the Lord Provost, who drank my health, and presented me with
+the freedom of the City.' Two of his English fellow-students, of a
+little older standing, had, he said, received the same honour. His
+statement seemed to me incredible; but by the politeness of the
+Town-clerk, W. Gordon, Esq., I have found out that in the main it is
+correct. Colman, with one of the two, was admitted as an Honorary
+Burgess on Oct. 8, 1781, being described as _vir generosus_; the other
+had been admitted earlier. The population of Aberdeen and its suburbs in
+1769 was, according to Pennant, 16,000. Pennant's _Tour_, p. 117.
+
+[284] 'King's College in Aberdeen was an exact model of the University
+of Paris. Its founder, Bishop [not Archbishop] Elphinstone, had been a
+Professor at Paris and at Orleans.' Burton's _Scotland_, ed. 1873, iii.
+404. On p. 20, Dr. Burton describes him as 'the rich accomplished
+scholar and French courtier Elphinstone, munificently endowing a
+University after the model of the University of Paris.'
+
+[285] Boswell projected the following works:--1. An edition of
+_Johnson's Poems. Ante_, i. 16. 2. A work in which the merit of
+Addison's poetry shall be maintained, _ib_. p. 225. 3. A _History of
+Sweden_, ii. 156. 4. A_ Life of Thomas Ruddiman, ib._ p. 216. 5. An
+edition of Walton's_ Lives_ iii. 107. 6. A _History of the Civil War in_
+_Great Britain in_ 1745 and 1746, _ib._, p. 162.
+
+7. A _Life of Sir Robert Sibbald, ib._ p. 227. 8 An account of his own
+Travels, _ib_. p. 300. 9. A Collection, with notes, of old tenures and
+charters of Scotland, _ib_. p. 414, note 3. 10. A _History of James IV._
+11. 'A quarto volume to be embellished with fine plates, on the subject
+of the controversy (_ante_, ii. 367) occasioned by the _Beggar's
+Opera._' Murray's _Johnsoniana_, ed. 1836, p. 502.
+
+Thomas Boswell received from James IV. the estate of Auchinleck. _Ante_,
+ii. 413. See _post_, Nov. 4.
+
+[286] Mackintosh says, in his _Life_, i. 9:--'In October, 1780, I was
+admitted into the Greek class, then taught by Mr. Leslie, who did not
+aspire beyond teaching us the first rudiments of the language; more
+would, I believe, have been useless to his scholars.'
+
+[287] 'Boswell was very angry that the Aberdeen professors would not
+talk.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 118. Dr. Robertson and Dr. Blair, whom
+Boswell, five years earlier, invited to meet Johnson at supper, 'with an
+excess of prudence hardly opened their lips' (_ante_, ii. 63). At
+Glasgow the professors did not dare to talk much (_post_, Oct. 29). On
+another occasion when Johnson came in, the company 'were all as quiet as
+a school upon the entrance of the headmaster.' _Ante_, iii. 332.
+
+[288] Dr. Beattie says that this printer was Strahan. He had seen the
+letter mentioned by Gerard, and many other letters too from the Bishop
+to Strahan. 'They were,' he continues, 'very particularly acquainted.'
+He adds that 'Strahan was eminently skilled in composition, and had
+corrected (as he told me himself) the phraseology of both Mr. Hume and
+Dr. Robertson.' Forbes's _Beattie_, ed. 1824, p. 341.
+
+[289] An instance of this is given in Johnson's _Works_, viii.
+288:--'Warburton had in the early part of his life pleased himself with
+the notice of inferior wits, and corresponded with the enemies of Pope.
+A letter was produced, when he had perhaps himself forgotten it, in
+which he tells Concanen, "Dryden, I observe, borrows for want of
+leisure, and Pope for want of genius; Milton out of pride, and Addison
+out of modesty."'
+
+[290] 'Goldsmith asserted that Warburton was a weak writer. "Warburton,"
+said Johnson, "may be absurd, but he will never be weak; he flounders
+well."' Stockdale's _Memoirs_, ii. 64. See Appendix A.
+
+[291] _The Doctrine of Grace; or the Office and Operations of the Holy
+Spirit vindicated from the Insults of Infidelity and the Abuses of
+Fanaticism_, 1762.
+
+[292] _A Letter to the Bishop of Gloucester, occasioned by his Tract on
+the Office and Operations of the Holy Spirit_, by John Wesley, 1762.
+
+[293] Malone records:--'I could not find from Mr. Walpole that his
+father [Sir Robert] read any other book but Sydenham in his retirement.'
+To his admiration of Sydenham his death was attributed; for it led him
+to treat himself wrongly when he was suffering from the stone. Prior's
+_Malone_, p. 387. Johnson wrote a _Life of Sydenham_. In it he ridicules
+the notion that 'a man eminent for integrity _practised Medicine by
+chance, and grew wise only by murder_.' _Works_, vi. 409.
+
+[294] All this, as Dr. Johnson suspected at the time, was the immediate
+invention of his own lively imagination; for there is not one word of it
+in Mr. Locke's complimentary performance. My readers will, I have no
+doubt, like to be satisfied, by comparing them; and, at any rate, it may
+entertain them to read verses composed by our great metaphysician, when
+a Bachelor in Physick.
+
+AUCTORI, IN TRACTATUM EJUS DE FEBRIBUS.
+
+     Febriles aestus, victumque ardoribus orbem
+       Flevit, non tantis par Medicina malis.
+     Nam post mille artes, medicae tentamina curae,
+       Ardet adhuc Febris; nec velit arte regi.
+     Praeda sumus flammis; solum hoc speramus ab igne,
+       Ut restet paucus, quem capit urna, cinis.
+     Dum quaerit medicus febris caussamque, modumque,
+       Flammarum & tenebras, & sine luce faces;
+     Quas tractat patitur flammas, & febre calescens,
+       Corruit ipse suis victima rapta focis.
+     Qui tardos potuit morbos, artusque trementes,
+       Sistere, febrili se videt igne rapi.
+     Sic faber exesos fulsit tibicine muros;
+       Dum trahit antiquas lenta ruina domos.
+     Sed si flamma vorax miseras incenderit aedes,
+       Unica flagrantes tunc sepelire salus.
+     Fit fuga, tectonicas nemo tunc invocat artes;
+       Cum perit artificis non minus usta domus.
+     Se tandem _Sydenham_ febrisque Scholaeque furori
+       Opponens, morbi quaerit, & artis opem.
+     Non temere incusat tectae putedinis [putredinis] ignes;
+       Nec fictus, febres qui fovet, humor erit.
+     Non bilem ille movet, nulla hic pituita; Salutis
+       Quae spes, si fallax ardeat intus aqua?
+     Nec doctas magno rixas ostentat hiatu,
+       Quîs ipsis major febribus ardor inest.
+     Innocuas placide corpus jubet urere flammas,
+       Et justo rapidos temperat igne focos.
+     Quid febrim exstinguat, varius quid postulet usus,
+       Solari aegrotos, qua potes arte, docet,
+     Hactenus ipsa suum timuit Natura calorem,
+       Dum saepe incerto, quo calet, igne perit:
+     Dum reparat tacitos male provida sanguinis ignes,
+       Praslusit busto, fit calor iste rogus.
+     Jam secura suas foveant praecordia flammas,
+       Quem Natura negat, dat Medicina modum.
+     Nec solum faciles compescit sanguinis aestus,
+       Dum dubia est inter spemque metumque salus;
+     Sed fatale malum domuit, quodque astra malignum
+       Credimus, iratam vel genuisse _Stygem_.
+     Extorsit _Lachesi_ cultros, Pestique venenum
+       Abstulit, & tantos non sinit esse metus.
+     Quis tandem arte nova domitam mitescere Pestem
+       Credat, & antiquas ponere posse minas?
+     Post tot mille neces, cumulataque funera busto,
+       Victa jacet parvo vulnere dira Lues.
+     Aetheriae quanquam spargunt contagia flammae,
+       Quicquid inest istis ignibus, ignis erit.
+     Delapsae coelo flammae licet acrius urant
+       Has gelida exstingui non nisi morte putas?
+     Tu meliora paras victrix Medicina; tuusque,
+       Pestis quae superat cuncta, triumphus eris [erit].
+     Vive liber, victis febrilibus ignibus; unus
+       Te simul & mundum qui manet, ignis erit.
+
+J. LOCK, A.M. Ex. Aede Christi, Oxon. BOSWELL.
+
+[295] See _ante_, ii. 126, 298.
+
+[296] 'One of its ornaments [i.e. of
+Marischal College] is the picture of
+Arthur Johnston, who was principal
+of the college, and who holds among
+the Latin Poets of Scotland the next
+place to the elegant Buchanan.'
+Johnson's _Works_, ix. 12. Pope
+attacking Benson, who endeavoured
+to raise himself to fame by erecting
+monuments to Milton, and printing
+editions of Johnson's version of
+the _Psalms_, introduces the Scotch
+Poet in the _Dunciad_:--
+On two unequal crutches propped
+he came,
+Milton's on this, on that one Johnston's
+name.'
+_Dunciad_, bk. iv. l. III.
+Johnson wrote to Boswell for a copy
+of Johnston's _Poems_ (_ante_, iii. 104)
+and for his likeness (_ante_, March 18,
+1784).
+
+[297] 'Education is here of the same price as at St. Andrews, only the
+session is but from the 1st of November to the 1st of April' [five
+months, instead of seven]. _Piozzi Letters_, i. 116. In his _Works_ (ix.
+14) Johnson by mistake gives eight months to the St. Andrews session. On
+p. 5 he gives it rightly as seven.
+
+[298] Beattie, as an Aberdeen professor, was grieved at this saying when
+he read the book. 'Why is it recorded?' he asked. 'For no reason that I
+can imagine, unless it be in order to return evil for good.' Forbes's
+_Beattie_, ed. 1824. p. 337.
+
+[299] See _ante_, ii. 336, and iii. 209.
+
+[300] See _ante_, iii. 65, and _post_, Nov. 2.
+
+[301] See _ante_, i. 411. Johnson, no doubt, was reminded of this story
+by his desire to get this book. Later on (_ante_, iii. 104) he asked
+Boswell 'to be vigilant and get him Graham's _Telemachus_.'
+
+[302] I am sure I have related this story exactly as Dr. Johnson told it
+to me; but a friend who has often heard him tell it, informs me that he
+usually introduced a circumstance which ought not to be omitted. 'At
+last, Sir, Graham, having now got to about the pitch of looking at one
+man, and talking to another, said _Doctor_, &c.' 'What effect (Dr.
+Johnson used to add) this had on Goldsmith, who was as irascible as a
+hornet, may be easily conceived.' BOSWELL.
+
+[303] Graham was of Eton College.
+
+[304] It was to Johnson that the invitation was due. 'What I was at the
+English Church at Aberdeen I happened to be espied by Lady Dr.
+Middleton, whom I had sometime seen in London; she told what she had
+seen to Mr. Boyd, Lord Errol's brother, who wrote us an invitation to
+Lord Errol's house.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 118. Boswell, perhaps, was not
+unwilling that the reader should think that it was to him that the
+compliment was paid.
+
+[305] 'In 1745 my friend, Tom Cumming the Quaker, said he would not
+fight, but he would drive an ammunition cart.' _Ante_, April 28, 1783.
+Smollett (_History of England_, iv. 293) describes how, in 1758, the
+conquest of Senegal was due to this 'sensible Quaker,' 'this honest
+Quaker,' as he calls him, who not only conceived the project, but 'was
+concerned as a principal director and promoter of the expedition. If it
+was the first military scheme of any Quaker, let it be remembered it was
+also the first successful expedition of this war, and one of the first
+that ever was carried on according to the pacifick system of the
+Quakers, without the loss of a drop of blood on either side.' If there
+was no bloodshed, it was by good luck, for 'a regular engagement was
+warmly maintained on both sides.' It was a Quaker, then, who led the van
+in the long line of conquests which have made Chatham's name so famous.
+Mrs. Piozzi (_Anec_. p. 185) says:--'Dr. Johnson told me that Cummyns
+(sic) the famous Quaker, whose friendship he valued very highly, fell a
+sacrifice to the insults of the newspapers; having declared to him on
+his death-bed, that the pain of an anonymous letter, written in some of
+the common prints of the day, fastened on his heart, and threw him into
+the slow fever of which he died.' Mr. Seward records (_Anec_. ii.
+395):--'Mr. Cummins, the celebrated American Quaker, said of Mr. Pitt
+(Lord Chatham):--"The first time I come to Mr. Pitt upon any business I
+find him extremely ignorant; the second time I come to him, I find him
+completely informed upon it."'
+
+[306] See _ante_, i. 232.
+
+[307] See _ante_, i. 46.
+
+[308] 'From the windows the eye wanders over the sea that separates
+Scotland from Norway, and when the winds beat with violence, must enjoy
+all the terrifick grandeur of the tempestuous ocean. I would not for any
+amusement wish for a storm; but as storms, whether wished or not, will
+sometimes happen, I may say, without violation of humanity, that I
+should willingly look out upon them from Slanes Castle.' Johnson's
+_Works_, ix. 15.
+
+[309] See _ante_, p. 68.
+
+[310] Horace. _Odes_, i. 2.
+
+[311] See _ante_, ii. 428.
+
+[312] Perhaps the poverty of their host led to this talk. Sir Walter
+Scott wrote in 1814:--'Imprudence, or ill-fortune as fatal as the sands
+of Belhelvie [shifting sands that had swallowed up a whole parish], has
+swallowed up the estate of Errol, excepting this dreary mansion-house
+and a farm or two adjoining.' Lockhart's _Scott_, ed. 1839, iv. 187.
+
+[313] See _ante_, ii. 421, note 1.
+
+[314] Since the accession of George I. only one parliament had had so
+few as five sessions, and it was dissolved before its time by his death.
+One had six sessions, six seven sessions, (including the one that was
+now sitting,) and one eight. There was therefore so little dread of a
+sudden dissolution that for five years of each parliament the members
+durst contradict the populace.
+
+[315] To Miss Burney Johnson once said:--'Sir Joshua Reynolds possesses
+the largest share of inoffensiveness of any man that I know.' _Memoirs
+of Dr. Burney_, i. 343. 'Once at Mr. Thrale's, when Reynolds left the
+room, Johnson observed:--"There goes a man not to be spoiled by
+prosperity."' Northcote's _Reynolds_, i. 82. Burke wrote of him:--'He
+had a strong turn for humour, and well saw the weak sides of things. He
+enjoyed every circumstance of his good fortune, and had no affectation
+on that subject. And I do not know a fault or weakness of his that he
+did not convert into something that bordered on a virtue, instead of
+pushing it to the confines of a vice.' Taylor's _Reynolds_, ii. 638.
+
+[316] He visited Devonshire in 1762. _Ante_, i. 377.
+
+[317] Horace Walpole, describing the coronation of George III, writes:--
+'One there was ... the noblest figure I ever saw, the high-constable of
+Scotland, Lord Errol; as one saw him in a space capable of containing
+him, one admired him. At the wedding, dressed in tissue, he looked like
+one of the Giants in Guildhall, new gilt. It added to the energy of his
+person, that one considered him acting so considerable a part in that
+very Hall, where so few years ago one saw his father, Lord Kilmarnock,
+condemned to the block.' _Letters_, iii. 438. Sir William Forbes
+says:--'He often put me in mind of an ancient Hero, and I remember Dr.
+Johnson was positive that he resembled Homer's character of Sarpedon.'
+_Life of Beattie_, ed. 1824, Appendix D. Mrs. Piozzi says:--'The Earl
+dressed in his robes at the coronation and Mrs. Siddons in the character
+of Murphy's Euphrasia were the noblest specimens of the human race I
+ever saw.' _Synonymy_, i.43. He sprang from a race of rebels. 'He united
+in his person,' says Forbes, 'the four earldoms of Errol, Kilmarnock,
+Linlithgow, and Callander.' The last two were attainted in 1715, and
+Kilmarnock in 1745. _Life of Beattie_, Appendix D.
+
+[318] Lord Chesterfield, in his letters to his son [iii. 130], complains
+of one who argued in an indiscriminate manner with men of all ranks,
+Probably the noble lord had felt with some uneasiness what it was to
+encounter stronger abilities than his own. If a peer will engage at
+foils with his inferior in station, he must expect that his inferior in
+station will avail himself of every advantage; otherwise it is not a
+fair trial of strength and skill. The same will hold in a contest of
+reason, or of wit.--A certain king entered the lists of genius with
+Voltaire. The consequence was, that, though the king had great and
+brilliant talents, Voltaire had such a superiority that his majesty
+could not bear it; and the poet was dismissed, or escaped, from that
+court.--In the reign of James I. of England, Crichton, Lord Sanquhar, a
+peer of Scotland, from a vain ambition to excel a fencing-master in his
+own art, played at rapier and dagger with him. The fencing-master, whose
+fame and bread were at stake, put out one of his lordship's eyes.
+Exasperated at this, Lord Sanquhar hired ruffians, and had the
+fencing-master assassinated; for which his lordship was capitally tried,
+condemned, and hanged. Not being a peer of England, he was tried by the
+name of Robert Crichton, Esq.; but he was admitted to be a baron of
+three hundred years' standing.--See the _State Trials_; and the _History
+of England_ by Hume, who applauds the impartial justice executed upon a
+man of high rank. BOSWELL. The 'stronger abilities' that Chesterfield
+encountered were Johnson's. Boswell thought wrongly that it was of
+Johnson that his Lordship complained in his letters to his son. _Ante_,
+i. 267, note 2. 'A certain King' was Frederick the Great. _Ante_, i.
+434. The fencing-master was murdered in his own house in London, five
+years after Sanquhar (or Sanquire) had lost his eye. Bacon, who was
+Solicitor-General, said:--'Certainly the circumstance of time is heavy
+unto you; it is now five years since this unfortunate man, Turner, be it
+upon accident or despight, gave the provocation which was the seed of
+your malice.' _State Trials_, ii. 743, and Hume's _History_, ed.
+1802, vi. 61.
+
+[319] _Hamlet_, act i. sc. 2.
+
+[320] Perhaps Lord Errol was the Scotch Lord mentioned _ante_, iii. 170,
+and the nobleman mentioned _ib_. p. 329.
+
+[321] 'Pitied by gentle minds Kilmarnock died.' _Ante_. i. 180.
+
+[322] Sir Walter Scott describes the talk that he had in 1814 near
+Slains Castle with an old fisherman. 'The old man says Slains is now
+inhabited by a Mr. Bowles, who comes so far from the southward that
+naebody kens whare he comes frae. "Was he frae the Indies?" "Na; he did
+not think he came that road. He was far frae the Southland. Naebody ever
+heard the name of the place; but he had brought more guid out o'
+Peterhead than a' the Lords he had seen in Slains, and he had seen
+three."' Lockhart's _Scott_, ed. 1839, iv. 188. The first of the three
+was Johnson's host.
+
+[323] See _ante_, ii. 153, and iii. 1, note 2.
+
+[324] Smollett, in _Humphry Clinker_ (Letter of Sept. 6), writing of the
+Highlanders and their chiefs, says:--'The original attachment is
+founded on something prior to the _feudal system_, about which the
+writers of this age have made such a pother, as if it was a new
+discovery, like the _Copernican system_ ... For my part I expect to see
+the use of trunk-hose and buttered ale ascribed to the influence of the
+_feudal system_.' See _ante_, ii. 177.
+
+[325] Mme. Riccoboni wrote to Garrick on May 3, 1769:--'Vous conviendrez
+que les nobles sont peu ménagés par vos auteurs; le sot, le fat, ou le
+malhonnête homme mêlé dans l'intrigue est presque toujours un lord.'
+_Garrick Corres_, ii. 561. Dr. Moore (_View of Society in France_, i.
+29) writing in 1779 says:--'I am convinced there is no country in Europe
+where royal favour, high birth, and the military profession could be
+allowed such privileges as they have in France, and where there would be
+so few instances of their producing rough and brutal behaviour to
+inferiors.' Mrs. Piozzi, writing in 1784, though she did not publish her
+book till 1789, said:--'The French are really a contented race of
+mortals;--precluded almost from possibility of adventure, the low
+Parisian leads gentle, humble life, nor envies that greatness he never
+can obtain.' _Journey through France_, i. 13.
+
+[326] He is the worthy son of a worthy father, the late Lord Strichen,
+one of our judges, to whose kind notice I was much obliged. Lord
+Strichen was a man not only honest, but highly generous; for after his
+succession to the family estate, he paid a large sum of debts contracted
+by his predecessor, which he was not under any obligation to pay. Let me
+here, for the credit of Ayrshire, my own county, record a noble instance
+of liberal honesty in William Hutchison, drover, in Lanehead, Kyle, who
+formerly obtained a full discharge from his creditors upon a composition
+of his debts; but upon being restored to good circumstances, invited his
+creditors last winter to a dinner, without telling the reason, and paid
+them their full sums, principal and interest. They presented him with a
+piece of plate, with an inscription to commemorate this extraordinary
+instance of true worth; which should make some people in Scotland blush,
+while, though mean themselves, they strut about under the protection of
+great alliance, conscious of the wretchedness of numbers who have lost
+by them, to whom they never think of making reparation, but indulge
+themselves and their families in most unsuitable expence. BOSWELL.
+
+[327] See _ante_, ii. 194; iii. 353; and iv. June 30, 1784.
+
+[328] Malone says that 'Lord Auchinleck told his son one day that it
+would cost him more trouble to hide his ignorance in the Scotch and
+English law than to show his knowledge. This Mr. Boswell owned he had
+found to be true.' _European Magazine_, 1798, p. 376.
+
+[329] See _ante_, iv. 8, note 3, and iv. 20.
+
+[330] Colman had translated _Terence. Ante_, iv. 18.
+
+[331] Dr. Nugent was Burke's father-in-law. _Ante_, i. 477.
+
+[332] Lord Charlemont left behind him a _History of Italian Poetry_.
+Hardy's _Charlemont_, i. 306, ii. 437.
+
+[333] See _ante_, i. 250, and ii. 378, note 1.
+
+[334] Since the first edition, it has been suggested by one of the club,
+who knew Mr. Vesey better than Dr. Johnson and I, that we did not assign
+him a proper place; for he was quite unskilled in Irish antiquities and
+Celtick learning, but might with propriety have been made professor of
+architecture, which he understood well, and has left a very good
+specimen of his knowledge and taste in that art, by an elegant house
+built on a plan of his own formation, at Lucan, a few miles from Dublin.
+BOSWELL. See _ante_, iv. 28.
+
+[335] Sir William Jones, who died at the age of forty-seven, had
+'studied eight languages critically, eight less perfectly, but all
+intelligible with a dictionary, and twelve least perfectly, but all
+attainable.' Teignmouth's _Life of Sir W. Jones_, ed. 1815, p. 465. See
+_ante_, iv. 69.
+
+[336] See _ante_, i. 478.
+
+[337] See _ante_, p. 16.
+
+[338] Mackintosh in his _Life_, ii. 171, says:--'From the refinements of
+abstruse speculation Johnson was withheld, partly perhaps by that
+repugnance to such subtleties which much experience often inspires, and
+partly also by a secret dread that they might disturb those prejudices
+in which his mind had found repose from the agitations of doubt.'
+
+[339] See _ante_, iv. 11, note 1.
+
+[340] Our Club, originally at the Turk's Head, Gerrard-street, then at
+Prince's, Sackville-street, now at Baxter's, Dover-street, which at Mr.
+Garrick's funeral acquired a _name_ for the first time, and was called
+THE LITERARY CLUB, was instituted in 1764, and now consists of
+thirty-five members. It has, since 1773, been greatly augmented; and
+though Dr. Johnson with justice observed, that, by losing Goldsmith,
+Garrick, Nugent, Chamier, Beauclerk, we had lost what would make an
+eminent club, yet when I mentioned, as an accession, Mr. Fox, Dr. George
+Fordyce, Sir Charles Bunbury, Lord Ossory, Mr. Gibbon, Dr. Adam Smith,
+Mr. R.B. Sheridan, the Bishops of Kilaloe and St. Asaph, Dean Marley,
+Mr. Steevens, Mr. Dunning, Sir Joseph Banks, Dr. Scott of the Commons,
+Earl Spencer, Mr. Windham of Norfolk, Lord Elliott, Mr. Malone, Dr.
+Joseph Warton, the Rev. Thomas Warton, Lord Lucan, Mr. Burke junior,
+Lord Palmerston, Dr. Burney, Sir William Hamilton, and Dr. Warren, it
+will be acknowledged that we might establish a second university of high
+reputation. BOSWELL. Mr. (afterwards Sir) William Jones wrote in 1780
+(_Life_, p. 241):--'Of our club I will only say that there is no branch
+of human knowledge on which some of our members are not capable of
+giving information.'
+
+[341] Here, unluckily, the windows had no pullies; and Dr. Johnson, who
+was constantly eager for fresh air, had much struggling to get one of
+them kept open. Thus he had a notion impressed upon him, that this
+wretched defect was general in Scotland; in consequence of which he has
+erroneously enlarged upon it in his _Journey_. I regretted that he did
+not allow me to read over his book before it was printed. I should have
+changed very little; but I should have suggested an alteration in a few
+places where he has laid himself open to be attacked. I hope I should
+have prevailed with him to omit or soften his assertion, that 'a
+Scotsman must be a sturdy moralist, who does not prefer Scotland to
+truth,' for I really think it is not founded; and it is harshly said.
+BOSWELL. Johnson, after a half-apology for 'these diminutive
+observations' on Scotch windows and fresh air, continues:--'The true
+state of every nation is the state of common life.' _Works_, ix. 18.
+Boswell a second time (_ante_, ii. 311) returns to Johnson's assertion
+that 'a Scotchman must be a very sturdy moralist who does not love
+Scotland better than truth; he will always love it better than inquiry.'
+_Works_, ix. 116.
+
+[342] See _ante_, p. 40.
+
+[343] A protest may be entered on the part of most Scotsmen against the
+Doctor's taste in this particular. A Finnon haddock dried over the smoke
+of the sea-weed, and sprinkled with salt water during the process,
+acquires a relish of a very peculiar and delicate flavour, inimitable on
+any other coast than that of Aberdeenshire. Some of our Edinburgh
+philosophers tried to produce their equal in vain. I was one of a party
+at a dinner, where the philosophical haddocks were placed in competition
+with the genuine Finnon-fish. These were served round without
+distinction whence they came; but only one gentleman, out of twelve
+present, espoused the cause of philosophy. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[344] It is the custom in Scotland for the judges of the Court of
+Session to have the title of _lords_, from their estates; thus Mr.
+Burnett is Lord _Monboddo_, as Mr. Home was Lord _Kames_. There is
+something a little awkward in this; for they are denominated in deeds by
+their _names_, with the addition of 'one of the Senators of the College
+of Justice;' and subscribe their Christian and surnames, as _James
+Burnett_, _Henry Home_, even in judicial acts. BOSWELL. See _ante_, p.
+77, note 4.
+
+[345] See _ante_, ii. 344, where Johnson says:--'A judge may be a
+farmer, but he is not to geld his own pigs.'
+
+[346]
+
+     'Not to admire is all the art I know
+      To make men happy and to keep them so.'
+
+Pope, _Imitations of Horace_, Epistles, i. vi. 1.
+
+[347] See _ante_, i. 461.
+
+[348] See _ante_, iv. 152.
+
+[349] See _ante_, iii. 322.
+
+[350] In the _Gent. Mag._ for 1755, p. 42, among the deaths is entered
+'Sir James Lowther, Bart., reckoned the richest commoner in Great
+Britain, and worth above a million.' According to Lord Shelburne, Lord
+Sunderland, who had been advised 'to nominate Lowther one of his
+Treasury on account of his great property,' appointed him to call on
+him. After waiting for some time he rang to ask whether he had come,
+'The servants answered that nobody had called; upon his repeating the
+inquiry they said that there was an old man, somewhat wet, sitting by
+the fireside in the hall, who they supposed had some petition to deliver
+to his lordship. When he went out it proved to be Sir James Lowther.
+Lord Sunderland desired him to be sent about his business, saying that
+no such mean fellow should sit at his Treasury.' Fitzmaurice's
+_Shelburne_, i. 34.
+
+[351] I do not know what was at this time the state of the parliamentary
+interest of the ancient family of Lowther; a family before the Conquest;
+but all the nation knows it to be very extensive at present. A due
+mixture of severity and kindness, oeconomy and munificence,
+characterises its present Representative. BOSWELL. Boswell, most
+unhappily not clearly seeing where his own genius lay, too often sought
+to obtain fame and position by the favour of some great man. For some
+years he courted in a very gross manner 'the present Representative,'
+the first Earl of Lonsdale, who treated him with great brutality.
+_Letters of Boswell_, pp. 271, 294, 324, and _ante_, iv. May 15, 1783.
+In the _Ann. Reg._ 1771, p. 56, it is shewn how by this bad man 'the
+whole county of Cumberland was thrown into a state of the greatest
+terror and confusion; four hundred ejectments were served in one day.'
+Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto._ p. 418) says that 'he was more detested than any
+man alive, as a shameless political sharper, a domestic bashaw, and an
+intolerable tyrant over his tenants and dependants.' Lord Albemarle
+(_Memoirs of Rockingham,_ ii. 70) describes the 'bad Lord Lonsdale. He
+exacted a serf-like submission from his poor and abject dependants. He
+professed a thorough contempt for modern refinements. Grass grew in the
+neglected approaches to his mansion.... Awe and silence pervaded the
+inhabitants [of Penrith] when the gloomy despot traversed their streets.
+He might have been taken for a Judge Jefferies about to open a royal
+commission to try them as state criminals... In some years of his life
+he resisted the payment of all bills.' Among his creditors was
+Wordsworth's father, 'who died leaving the poet and four other helpless
+children. The executors of the will, foreseeing the result of a legal
+contest with _a millionaire,_ withdrew opposition, trusting to Lord
+Lonsdale's sense of justice for payment. They leaned on a broken reed,
+the wealthy debtor "Died and made no sign."' [2 _Henry VI,_ act iii. sc.
+3.] See De Quincey's _Works,_ iii. 151.
+
+[352] 'Let us not,' he says, 'make too much haste to despise our
+neighbours. Our own cathedrals are mouldering by unregarded
+dilapidation. It seems to be part of the despicable philosophy of the
+time to despise monuments of sacred magnificence.' _Works_, ix. 20.
+
+[353] Note by Lord _Hailes_. 'The cathedral of Elgin was burnt by the
+Lord of Badenoch, because the Bishop of Moray had pronounced an award
+not to his liking. The indemnification that the see obtained was, that
+the Lord of Badenoch stood for three days bare-footed at the great gate
+of the cathedral. The story is in the Chartulary of Elgin.' BOSWELL. The
+cathedral was rebuilt in 1407-20, but the lead was stripped from the
+roof by the Regent Murray, and the building went to ruin. Murray's
+_Handbook_, ed. 1867, p. 303. 'There is,' writes Johnson (_Works_, ix.
+20), 'still extant in the books of the council an order ... directing
+that the lead, which covers the two cathedrals of Elgin and Aberdeen,
+shall be taken away, and converted into money for the support of the
+army.... The two churches were stripped, and the lead was shipped to be
+sold in Holland. I hope every reader will rejoice that this cargo of
+sacrilege was lost at sea.' On this Horace Walpole remarks (_Letters_,
+vii. 484):--'I confess I have not quite so heinous an idea of sacrilege
+as Dr. Johnson. Of all kinds of robbery, that appears to me the lightest
+species which injures nobody. Dr. Johnson is so pious that in his
+journey to your country he flatters himself that all his readers will
+join him in enjoying the destruction of two Dutch crews, who were
+swallowed up by the ocean after they had robbed a church.'
+
+[354] I am not sure whether the Duke was at home. But, not having the
+honour of being much known to his grace, I could not have presumed to
+enter his castle, though to introduce even so celebrated a stranger. We
+were at any rate in a hurry to get forward to the wildness which we came
+to see. Perhaps, if this noble family had still preserved that
+sequestered magnificence which they maintained when catholicks,
+corresponding with the Grand Duke of Tuscany, we might have been induced
+to have procured proper letters of introduction, and devoted some time
+to the contemplation of venerable superstitious state. BOSWELL. Burnet
+(_History of his own Times_, ii. 443, and iii. 23) mentions the Duke of
+Gordon, a papist, as holding Edinburgh Castle for James II. in 1689.
+
+[355] 'In the way, we saw for the first time some houses with
+fruit-trees about them. The improvements of the Scotch are for immediate
+profit; they do not yet think it quite worth their while to plant what
+will not produce something to be eaten or sold in a very little time.'
+_Piozzi Letters_, i. 121.
+
+[356] 'This was the first time, and except one the last, that I found
+any reason to complain of a Scottish table.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 19.
+
+[357] The following year Johnson told Hannah More that 'when he and
+Boswell stopt a night at the spot (as they imagined) where the Weird
+Sisters appeared to Macbeth, the idea so worked upon their enthusiasm,
+that it quite deprived them of rest. However they learnt the next
+morning, to their mortification, that they had been deceived, and were
+quite in another part of the country' H. More's _Memoirs_, i. 50.
+
+[358] See _ante_, p. 76.
+
+[359] Murphy (_Life_, p. 145) says that 'his manner of reciting verses
+was wonderfully impressive.' According to Mrs. Piozzi (_Anec_. p. 302),
+'whoever once heard him repeat an ode of Horace would be long before
+they could endure to hear it repeated by another.'
+
+[360] Then pronounced _Affléck_, though now often pronounced as it is
+written. Ante, ii. 413.
+
+[361] At this stage of his journey Johnson recorded:--'There are more
+beggars than I have ever seen in England; they beg, if not silently, yet
+very modestly.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 122. See ante, p. 75, note 1.
+
+[362] Duncan's monument; a huge column on the roadside near Fores, more
+than twenty feet high, erected in commemoration of the final retreat of
+the Danes from Scotland, and properly called Swene's Stone.
+WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[363] Swift wrote to Pope on May 31, 1737:--'Pray who is that Mr.
+Glover, who writ the epick poem called _Leonidas_, which is reprinting
+here, and has great vogue?' Swift's _Works_ (1803), xx. 121. 'It passed
+through four editions in the first year of its publication (1737-8).'
+Lowndes's _Bibl. Man_. p. 902. Horace Walpole, in 1742, mentions
+_Leonidas_ Glover (_Letters_, i. 117); and in 1785 Hannah More writes
+(_Memoirs_, i. 405):--'I was much amused with hearing old Leonidas
+Glover sing his own fine ballad of _Hosier's Ghost_, which was very
+affecting. He is past eighty [he was seventy-three]. Mr. Walpole coming
+in just afterwards, I told him how highly I had been pleased. He begged
+me to entreat for a repetition of it. It was the satire conveyed in this
+little ballad upon the conduct of Sir Robert Walpole's ministry which is
+thought to have been a remote cause of his resignation. It was a very
+curious circumstance to see his son listening to the recital of it with
+so much complacency.'
+
+[364] See ante, i. 125.
+
+[365] See _ante_, i. 456, and _post_, Sept. 22.
+
+[366] See _ante_, ii. 82, and _post_, Oct. 27.
+
+[367] 'Nairne is the boundary in this direction between the highlands
+and lowlands; and until within a few years both English and Gaelic were
+spoken here. One of James VI.'s witticisms was to boast that in Scotland
+he had a town "sae lang that the folk at the tae end couldna understand
+the tongue spoken at the tother."' Murray's _Handbook for Scotland_, ed.
+1867, p. 308. 'Here,' writes Johnson (_Works_, ix. 21), 'I first saw
+peat fires, and first heard the Erse language.' As he heard the girl
+singing Erse, so Wordsworth thirty years later heard The
+Solitary Reaper:--
+
+'Yon solitary Highland Lass
+Reaping and singing by herself.'
+
+[368]
+
+     'Verse softens toil, however rude the sound;
+     She feels no biting pang the while she sings;
+     Nor, as she turns the giddy wheel around,
+     Revolves the sad vicissitude of things.'
+
+_Contemplation._ London: Printed for R. Dodsley in Pall-mall, and sold
+by M. Cooper, at the Globe in Paternoster-Row, 1753.
+
+The author's name is not on the title-page. In the _Brit. Mus. Cata._
+the poem is entered under its title. Mr. Nichols (_Lit. Illus._ v. 183)
+says that the author was the Rev. Richard Gifford [not Giffard] of
+Balliol College, Oxford. He adds that 'Mr. Gifford mentioned to him with
+much satisfaction the fact that Johnson quoted the poem in his
+_Dictionary_.' It was there very likely that Boswell had seen the lines.
+They are quoted under _wheel_ (with changes made perhaps intentionally
+by Johnson), as follows:
+
+     'Verse sweetens care however rude the sound;
+      All at her work the village maiden sings;
+      Nor, as she turns the giddy wheel around,
+      Revolves the sad vicissitudes of things.'
+
+_Contemplation_, which was published two years after Gray's _Elegy_, was
+suggested by it. The rising, not the parting day, is described. The
+following verse precedes the one quoted by Johnson:--
+
+     'Ev'n from the straw-roofed cot the note of joy
+      Flows full and frequent, as the village-fair,
+      Whose little wants the busy hour employ,
+      Chanting some rural ditty soothes her care.'
+
+Bacon, in his _Essay Of Vicissitude of Things_ (No. 58), says:--'It is
+not good to look too long upon these turning _wheels of vicissitude_
+lest we become _giddy_' This may have suggested Gifford's last two
+lines. _Reflections on a Grave, &c._ (_ante_, ii. 26), published in
+1766, and perhaps written in part by Johnson, has a line borrowed from
+this poem:--
+
+     'These all the hapless state of mortals show
+      The sad vicissitude of things below.'
+
+Cowper, _Table-Talk_, ed. 1786, i. 165, writes of
+
+     'The sweet vicissitudes of day and night.'
+
+The following elegant version of these lines by Mr. A. T. Barton, Fellow
+and Tutor of Johnson's own College, will please the classical reader:--
+
+     Musa levat duros, quamvis rudis ore, labores;
+     Inter opus cantat rustica Pyrrha suum;
+     Nec meminit, secura rotam dum versat euntem,
+     Non aliter nostris sortibus ire vices.
+
+
+[369] He was the brother of the Rev. John M'Aulay (_post_, Oct. 25), the
+grandfather of Lord Macaulay.
+
+[370] See _ante_, ii. 51.
+
+[371] In Scotland, there is a great deal of preparation before
+administering the sacrament. The minister of the parish examines the
+people as to their fitness, and to those of whom he approves gives
+little pieces of tin, stamped with the name of the parish as _tokens_,
+which they must produce before receiving it. This is a species of
+priestly power, and sometimes may be abused. I remember a lawsuit
+brought by a person against his parish minister, for refusing him
+admission to that sacred ordinance. BOSWELL.
+
+[372] See _ post_, Sept. 13 and 28.
+
+[373] Mr. Trevelyan (_Life of Macaulay_, ed.1877, i. 6) says: 'Johnson
+pronounced that Mr. Macaulay was not competent to have written the book
+that went by his name; a decision which, to those who happen to have
+read the work, will give a very poor notion my ancestor's abilities.'
+
+[374]
+
+     'The thane of Cawdor lives, A prosperous gentleman.'
+
+_Macbeth_, act i. sc. 3.
+
+[375] According to Murray's _Handbook,_ ed. 1867, p. 308, no part of the
+castle is older than the fifteenth century.
+
+[376] See _post_, Nov. 5.
+
+[377] The historian. _Ante_, p. 41.
+
+[378] See _ante_, iii. 336, and _post_, Nov. 7.
+
+[379] See _post_, Oct. 27.
+
+[380] Baretti was the Italian. Boswell disliked him (_ante_, ii. 98
+note), and perhaps therefore described him merely as 'a man of _some_
+literature.' Baretti complained to Malone that 'the story as told gave
+an unfair representation of him.' He had, he said, 'observed to Johnson
+that the petition _lead us not into temptation_ ought rather to be
+addressed to the tempter of mankind than a benevolent Creator. "Pray,
+Sir," said Johnson, "do you know who was the author of the Lord's
+Prayer?" Baretti, who did not wish to get into any serious dispute and
+who appears to be an Infidel, by way of putting an end to the
+conversation, only replied:--"Oh, Sir, you know by _our_ religion (Roman
+Catholic) we are not permitted to read the Scriptures. You can't
+therefore expect an answer."' Prior's _Malone_, p. 399. Sir Joshua
+Reynolds, on hearing this from Malone, said:--'This turn which Baretti
+now gives to the matter was an after-thought; for he once said to me
+myself:--"There are various opinions about the writer of that prayer;
+some give it to St. Augustine, some to St. Chrysostom, &c. What is your
+opinion? "' _Ib_. p. 394. Mrs. Piozzi says that she heard 'Baretti tell
+a clergyman the story of Dives and Lazarus as the subject of a poem he
+once had composed in the Milanese district, expecting great credit for
+his powers of invention.' Hayward's _Piozzi_, ii. 348.
+
+[381] Goldsmith (_Present Slate of Polite Learning_, chap. 13) thus
+wrote of servitorships: 'Surely pride itself has dictated to the fellows
+of our colleges the absurd passion of being attended at meals, and on
+other public occasions, by those poor men who, willing to be scholars,
+come in upon some charitable foundation. It implies a contradiction for
+men to be at once learning the _liberal_ arts, and at the same time
+treated as _slaves_; at once studying freedom and practising servitude.'
+Yet a young man like Whitefield was willing enough to be a servitor. He
+had been a waiter in his mother's inn; he was now a waiter in a college,
+but a student also. See my _Dr. Johnson: His Friends and his
+Critics_, p. 27.
+
+[382] Dr. Johnson did not neglect what he had undertaken. By his
+interest with the Rev. Dr. Adams, master of Pembroke College, Oxford,
+where he was educated for some time, he obtained a servitorship for
+young M'Aulay. But it seems he had other views; and I believe went
+abroad. BOSWELL. See _ante_, ii. 380.
+
+[383] 'I once drank tea,' writes Lamb, 'in company with two Methodist
+divines of different persuasions. Before the first cup was handed round,
+one of these reverend gentlemen put it to the other, with all due
+solemnity, whether he chose to _say anything_. It seems it is the custom
+with some sectaries to put up a short prayer before this meal also. His
+reverend brother did not at first quite apprehend him, but upon an
+explanation, with little less importance he made answer that it was not
+a custom known in his church.' _Essay on Grace before Meat_.
+
+[384] He could not bear to have it thought that, in any instance
+whatever, the Scots are more pious than the English. I think grace as
+proper at breakfast as at any other meal. It is the pleasantest meal we
+have. Dr. Johnson has allowed the peculiar merit of breakfast in
+Scotland. BOSWELL. 'If an epicure could remove by a wish in quest of
+sensual gratification, wherever he had supped he would breakfast in
+Scotland.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 52.
+
+[385] Bruce, the Abyssinian Traveller, found in the annals of that
+region a king named _Brus_, which he chooses to consider the genuine
+orthography of the name. This circumstance occasioned some mirth at the
+court of Gondar. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[386] See _ante_, ii. 169, note 2, and _post_, Sept. 2. Johnson, so far
+as I have observed, spelt the name _Boswel_.
+
+[387] Sir Eyre Coote was born in 1726. He took part in the battle of
+Plassey in 1757, and commanded at the reduction of Pondicherry in 1761.
+In 1770-71 he went by land to Europe. In 1780 he took command of the
+English army against Hyder Ali, whom he repeatedly defeated. He died in
+1783. Chalmers's _Biog. Dict_. x. 236. There is a fine description of
+him in Macaulay's _Essays_, ed. 1843, iii. 385.
+
+[388] See _ante_, iii. 361.
+
+[389] Reynolds wrote of Johnson:--'He sometimes, it must be confessed,
+covered his ignorance by generals rather than appear ignorant' Taylor's
+_Reynolds_, ii. 457.
+
+[390] 'The barracks are very handsome, and form several regular and good
+streets.' Pennant's _Tour_, p. 144.
+
+[391] See _ante_, p. 45.
+
+[392] Here Dr. Johnson gave us part of a conversation held between a
+Great Personage and him, in the library at the Queen's Palace, in the
+course of which this contest was considered. I have been at great pains
+to get that conversation as perfectly preserved as possible. It may
+perhaps at some future time be given to the publick. BOSWELL. For 'a
+Great Personage' see _ante_, i. 219; and for the conversation, ii. 33.
+
+[393] See _ante_, ii. 73, 228, 248; iii. 4 and June 15, 1784.
+
+[394] See _ante_, i. 167, note 1.
+
+[395] Booth acted _Cato_, and Wilks Juba when Addison's _Cato_ was
+brought out. Pope told Spence that 'Lord Bolingbroke's carrying his
+friends to the house, and presenting Booth with a purse of guineas for
+so well representing the character of a person "who rather chose to die
+than see a general for life," carried the success of the play much
+beyond what they ever expected.' Spence's _Anec_. p. 46. Bolingbroke
+alluded to the Duke of Marlborough. Pope in his _Imitations of Horace_,
+2 Epist. i. 123 introduces 'well-mouth'd Booth.'
+
+[396] See _ante_, iii. 35, and under Sept. 30, 1783.
+
+[397] 'Garrick used to tell, that Johnson said of an actor who played
+Sir Harry Wildair at Lichfield, "There is a courtly vivacity about the
+fellow;" when, in fact, according to Garrick's account, "he was the most
+vulgar ruffian that ever went upon _boards_."' _Ante_, ii. 465.
+
+[398] Mrs. Cibber was the sister of Dr. Arne the musical composer, and
+the wife of Theophilus Cibber, Colley Cibber's son. She died in 1766,
+and was buried in the cloisters of Westminster Abbey. Baker's _Biog.
+Dram._ i. 123.
+
+[399] See _ante_, under Sept. 30, 1783.
+
+[400] See _ante_, i. 197, and ii. 348.
+
+[401] Johnson had set him to repeat the ninth commandment, and had with
+great glee put him right in the emphasis. _Ante_, i. 168.
+
+[402] Act iii. sc. 2.
+
+[403] Boswell's suggestion is explained by the following passage in
+Johnson's _Works_, viii. 463:--'Mallet was by his original one of the
+Macgregors, a clan that became about sixty years ago, under the conduct
+of Robin Roy, so formidable and so infamous for violence and robbery,
+that the name was annulled by a legal abolition.'
+
+[404] See _ante_, iii. 410, where he said to an Irish gentleman:--'Do
+not make an union with us, Sir. We should unite with you, only to rob
+you. We should have robbed the Scotch, if they had had anything of which
+we could have robbed them.'
+
+[405] It is remarkable that Dr. Johnson read this gentle remonstrance,
+and took no notice of it to me. BOSWELL. See _post_, Oct. 12, note.
+
+[406] _St. Matthew_, v. 44.
+
+[407] It is odd that Boswell did not suspect the parson, who, no doubt,
+had learnt the evening before from Mr. Keith that the two travellers
+would be present at his sermon. Northcote (_Life of Reynolds_, ii. 283)
+says that one day at Sir Joshua's dinner-table, when his host praised
+Malone very highly for his laborious edition of _Shakespeare_, he
+(Northcote) 'rather hastily replied, "What a very despicable creature
+must that man be who thus devotes himself, and makes another man his
+god;" when Boswell, who sat at my elbow, and was not in my thoughts at
+the time, cried out "Oh! Sir Joshua, then that is me!"'
+
+[408] Johnson (_Works_, ix. 23) more cautiously says:--'Here is a
+castle, called the castle of Macbeth.'
+
+[409] 'This short dialogue between Duncan and Banquo, whilst they are
+approaching the gates of Macbeth's castle, has always appeared to me a
+striking instance of what in painting is termed _repose_. Their
+conversation very naturally turns upon the beauty of its situation, and
+the pleasantness of the air; and Banquo, observing the martlet's nests
+in every recess of the cornice, remarks that where those birds most
+breed and haunt the air is delicate. The subject of this quiet and easy
+conversation gives that repose so necessary to the mind after the
+tumultuous bustle of the preceding scenes, and perfectly contrasts the
+scene of horror that immediately succeeds. It seems as if Shakespeare
+asked himself, what is a prince likely to say to his attendants on such
+an occasion? whereas the modern writers seem, on the contrary, to be
+always searching for new thoughts, such as would never occur to men in
+the situation which is represented. This also is frequently the practice
+of Homer, who from the midst of battles and horrors relieves and
+refreshes the mind of the reader by introducing some quiet rural image,
+or picture of familiar domestick life.' Johnson's _Shakespeare_.
+Northcote (_Life of Reynolds_, i. 144-151) quotes other notes
+by Reynolds.
+
+[410] In the original _senses_. Act i, sc. 6.
+
+[411] Act i. sc. 5.
+
+[412] Boswell forgets _scoundrelism_, _ante_, p. 106, which, I suppose,
+Johnson coined.
+
+[413] See _ante_, ii. 154, note 3. Peter Paragraph is one of the
+characters in Foote's Comedy of _The Orators_.
+
+[414] When upon the subject of this _peregrinity_, he told me some
+particulars concerning the compilation of his _Dictionary_, and
+concerning his throwing off Lord Chesterfield's patronage, of which very
+erroneous accounts have been circulated. These particulars, with others
+which he afterwards gave me,--as also his celebrated letter to Lord
+Chesterfield, which he dictated to me,--I reserve for his _Life._
+BOSWELL. See _ante,_ i. 221, 261.
+
+[415] See _ante,_ ii. 326, 371, and v. 18.
+
+[416] It is the third edition, published in 1778, that first bears this
+title. The first edition was published in 1761, and the second in 1762.
+
+[417] 'One of them was a man of great liveliness and activity, of whom
+his companion said that he would tire any horse in Inverness. Both of
+them were civil and ready-handed Civility seems part of the national
+character of Highlanders.' _Works,_ ix. 25.
+
+[418] 'The way was very pleasant; the rock out of which the road was cut
+was covered with birch trees, fern, and heath. The lake below was
+beating its bank by a gentle wind.... In one part of the way we had
+trees on both sides for perhaps half a mile. Such a length of shade,
+perhaps, Scotland cannot shew in any other place.' _Piozzi Letters_, i.
+123. The travellers must have passed close by the cottage where James
+Mackintosh was living, a child of seven.
+
+[419] Boswell refers, I think, to a passage in act iv. sc. I of
+Farquhar's Comedy, where Archer says to Mrs. Sullen:--'I can't at this
+distance, Madam, distinguish the figures of the embroidery.' This
+passage is copied by Goldsmith in _She Stoops to Conquer_, act iii.,
+where Marlow says to Miss Hardcastle: 'Odso! then you must shew me your
+embroidery.'
+
+[420] Johnson (_Works_, ix. 28) gives a long account of this woman.
+'Meal she considered as expensive food, and told us that in spring, when
+the goats gave milk, the children could live without it.'
+
+[421] It is very odd, that when these roads were made, there was no care
+taken for _Inns_. The _King's House_, and the _General's Hut_, are
+miserable places; but the project and plans were purely military. WALTER
+SCOTT. Johnson found good entertainment here, 'We had eggs and bacon and
+mutton, with wine, rum, and whisky. I had water.' _Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 124.
+
+[422] 'Mr. Boswell, who between his father's merit and his own is sure
+of reception wherever he comes, sent a servant before,' &c. Johnson's
+_Works_, ix. 30.
+
+[423] On April 6, 1777, Johnson noted down: 'I passed the night in such
+sweet uninterrupted sleep as I have not known since I slept at Fort
+Augustus.' _Pr. and Med._ p.159. On Nov. 21, 1778, he wrote to Boswell:
+'The best night that I have had these twenty years was at Fort
+Augustus.' _Ante_, iii. 369.
+
+[424] See _ante_, iii. 246.
+
+[425] A McQueen is a Highland mode of expression. An Englishman would
+say _one_ McQueen. But where there are _clans_ or _tribes_ of men,
+distinguished by _patronymick_ surnames, the individuals of each are
+considered as if they were of different species, at least as much as
+nations are distinguished; so that a _McQueen_, a _McDonald_, a
+_McLean_, is said, as we say a Frenchman, an Italian, a Spaniard.
+BOSWELL.
+
+[426] 'I praised the propriety of his language, and was answered that I
+need not wonder, for he had learnt it by grammar. By subsequent
+opportunities of observation I found that my host's diction had nothing
+peculiar. Those Highlanders that can speak English commonly speak it
+well, with few of the words and little of the tone by which a Scotchman
+is distinguished ... By their Lowland neighbours they would not
+willingly be taught; for they have long considered them as a mean and
+degenerate race.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 31. He wrote to Mrs. Thrale:
+'This man's conversation we were glad of while we staid. He had been
+out, as they call it, in forty-five, and still retained his old
+opinions.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 130.
+
+[427] By the Chevalier Ramsay.
+
+[428] 'From him we first heard of the general dissatisfaction which is
+now driving the Highlanders into the other hemisphere; and when I asked
+him whether they would stay at home if they were well treated, he
+answered with indignation that no man willingly left his native country.
+Johnson's _Works_, ix. 33. See _ante_, p. 27.
+
+[429] 'The chief glory of every people arises from its authors.' _Ib._
+v. 49.
+
+[430] Four years later, three years after Goldsmith's death, Johnson
+'observed in Lord Scarsdale's dressing-room Goldsmith's _Animated
+Nature_; and said, "Here's our friend. The poor doctor would have been
+happy to hear of this."' _Ante_, iii.162.
+
+[431] See _ante_, i. 348 and ii. 438 and _post_, Sept. 23. Mackintosh
+says: 'Johnson's idea that a ship was a prison with the danger of
+drowning is taken from Endymion Porter's _Consolation to Howell_ on his
+imprisonment in the _Fleet_, and was originally suggested by the pun.'
+_Life of Mackintosh_, ii. 83. The passage to which he refers is found in
+Howell's letter of Jan. 2, 1646 (book ii. letter 39), in which he writes
+to Porter:--'You go on to prefer my captivity in this _Fleet_ to that of
+a voyager at sea, in regard that he is subject to storms and springing
+of leaks, to pirates and picaroons, with other casualties.'
+
+[432] See _ante_, iii. 242.
+
+[433] This book has given rise to much enquiry, which has ended in
+ludicrous surprise. Several ladies, wishing to learn the kind of reading
+which the great and good Dr. Johnson esteemed most fit for a young
+woman, desired to know what book he had selected for this Highland
+nymph. 'They never adverted (said he) that I had no _choice_ in the
+matter. I have said that I presented her with a book which I _happened_
+to have about me.' And what was this book? My readers, prepare your
+features for merriment. It was _Cocker's Arithmetick_!--Wherever this
+was mentioned, there was a loud laugh, at which Johnson, when present,
+used sometimes to be a little angry. One day, when we were dining at
+General Oglethorpe's, where we had many a valuable day, I ventured to
+interrogate him. 'But, Sir, is it not somewhat singular that you should
+_happen_ to have _Cocker's Arithmetick_ about you on your journey? What
+made you buy such a book at Inverness?' He gave me a very sufficient
+answer. 'Why, Sir, if you are to have but one book with you upon a
+journey, let it be a book of science. When you have read through a book
+of entertainment, you know it, and it can do no more for you; but a book
+of science is inexhaustible.' BOSWELL.
+
+Johnson thus mentions his gift: 'I presented her with a book which I
+happened to have about me, and should not be pleased to think that she
+forgets me.' _Works_, ix. 32. The first edition of _Cocker's Arithmetic_
+was published about 1660. _Brit. Mus. Cata._ Though Johnson says that 'a
+book of science is inexhaustible,' yet in _The Rambler_, No. 154, he
+asserts that 'the principles of arithmetick and geometry may be
+comprehended by a close attention in a few days.' Mrs. Piozzi says
+(_Anec_. p. 77) that 'when Mr. Johnson felt his fancy disordered, his
+constant recurrence was to arithmetic; and one day that he was confined
+to his chamber, and I enquired what he had been doing to divert himself,
+he shewed me a calculation which I could scarce be made to understand,
+so vast was the plan of it; no other indeed than that the national debt,
+computing it at £180,000,000, would, if converted into silver, serve to
+make a meridian of that metal, I forget how broad, for the globe of the
+whole earth.' See _ante_, iii. 207, and iv. 171, note 3.
+
+[434] Swift's _Works_ (1803), xxiv. 63.
+
+[435] 'We told the soldiers how kindly we had been treated at the
+garrison, and, as we were enjoying the benefit of their labours, begged
+leave to shew our gratitude by a small present.... They had the true
+military impatience of coin in their pockets, and had marched at least
+six miles to find the first place where liquor could be bought. Having
+never been before in a place so wild and unfrequented I was glad of
+their arrival, because I knew that we had made them friends; and to gain
+still more of their goodwill we went to them, where they were carousing
+in the barn, and added something to our former gift.' _Works_, ix. 31-2.
+
+[436]
+
+     'Why rather sleep, liest thou in smoky cribs,
+      Upon uneasy pallets stretching thee.' &c.
+
+          2 _Henry IV._ act iii. sc. 1.
+
+
+
+[437] Spain, in 1719, sent a strong force under the Duke of Ormond to
+Scotland in behalf of the Chevalier. Owing to storms only a few hundred
+men landed. These were joined by a large body of Highlanders, but being
+attacked by General Wightman, the clansmen dispersed and the Spaniards
+surrendered. Smollett's _England_, ed. 1800, ii. 382.
+
+[438] Boswell mentions this _ante_, i. 41, as a proof of Johnson's
+'perceptive quickness.'
+
+[439] Dr. Johnson, in his _Journey_, thus beautifully describes his
+situation here:--'I sat down on a bank, such as a writer of romance
+might have delighted to feign. I had, indeed, no trees to whisper over
+my head; but a clear rivulet streamed at my feet. The day was calm, the
+air soft, and all was rudeness, silence, and solitude. Before me, and on
+either side, were high hills, which, by hindering the eye from ranging,
+forced the mind to find entertainment for itself. Whether I spent the
+hour well, I know not; for here I first conceived the thought of this
+narration.' The _Critical Reviewers_, with a spirit and expression
+worthy of the subject, say,--'We congratulate the publick on the event
+with which this quotation concludes, and are fully persuaded that the
+hour in which the entertaining traveller conceived this narrative will
+be considered, by every reader of taste, as a fortunate event in the
+annals of literature. Were it suitable to the task in which we are at
+present engaged, to indulge ourselves in a poetical flight, we would
+invoke the winds of the Caledonian Mountains to blow for ever, with
+their softest breezes, on the bank where our author reclined, and
+request of Flora, that it might be perpetually adorned with the gayest
+and most fragrant productions of the year.' BOSWELL. Johnson thus
+described the scene to Mrs. Thrale:--'I sat down to take notes on a
+green bank, with a small stream running at my feet, in the midst of
+savage solitude, with mountains before me and on either hand covered
+with heath. I looked around me, and wondered that I was not more
+affected, but the mind is not at all times equally ready to be put in
+motion.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 131.
+
+[440] 'The villagers gathered about us in considerable numbers, I
+believe without any evil intention, but with a very savage wildness of
+aspect and manner.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 38.
+
+[441] The M'Craas, or Macraes, were since that time brought into the
+king's army, by the late Lord Seaforth. When they lay in Edinburgh
+Castle in 1778, and were ordered to embark for Jersey, they with a
+number of other men in the regiment, for different reasons, but
+especially an apprehension that they were to be sold to the East-India
+Company, though enlisted not to be sent out of Great-Britain without
+their own consent, made a determined mutiny, and encamped upon the lofty
+mountain, _Arthur's seat_, where they remained three days and three
+nights; bidding defiance to all the force in Scotland. At last they came
+down, and embarked peaceably, having obtained formal articles of
+capitulation, signed by Sir Adolphus Oughton, commander in chief,
+General Skene, deputy commander, the Duke of Buccleugh, and the Earl of
+Dunmore, which quieted them. Since the secession of the Commons of Rome
+to the _Mons Sacer_, a more spirited exertion has not been made. I gave
+great attention to it from first to last, and have drawn up a particular
+account of it. Those brave fellows have since served their country
+effectually at Jersey, and also in the East-Indies, to which, after
+being better informed, they voluntarily agreed to go. BOSWELL. The line
+which Boswell quotes is from _The Chevalier's Muster Roll_:--
+
+     'The laird of M'Intosh is coming,
+      M'Crabie & M'Donald's coming,
+      M'Kenzie & M'Pherson's coming,
+      And the wild M'Craw's coming.
+      Little wat ye wha's coming,
+      Donald Gun and a's coming.'
+         Hogg's _Jacobite Relics_, i. 152.
+
+Horace Walpole (_Letters_, vii. 198) writing on May 9, 1779, tells how
+on May 1 'the French had attempted to land [on Jersey], but Lord
+Seaforth's new-raised regiment of 700 Highlanders, assisted by some
+militia and some artillery, made a brave stand and repelled the
+intruders.'
+
+[442] 'One of the men advised her, with the cunning that clowns never
+can be without, to ask more; but she said that a shilling was enough. We
+gave her half a crown, and she offered part of it again.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 133.
+
+[443] Of this part of the journey Johnson wrote:--'We had very little
+entertainment as we travelled either for the eye or ear. There are, I
+fancy, no singing birds in the Highlands.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 135. It
+is odd that he should have looked for singing birds on the first of
+September.
+
+[444] Act iii. sc. 4.
+
+[445] It is amusing to observe the different images which this being
+presented to Dr. Johnson and me. The Doctor, in his _Journey_, compares
+him to a Cyclops. BOSWELL. 'Out of one of the beds on which we were to
+repose, started up at our entrance, a man black as a Cyclops from the
+forge.' _Works_, ix. 44. Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale:--'When we were
+taken up stairs, a dirty fellow bounced out of the bed where one of us
+was to lie. Boswell blustered, but nothing could be got'. _Piozzi
+Letters_, i, 136. Macaulay (_Essays_, ed. 1843, i. 404) says: 'It is
+clear that Johnson himself did not think in the dialect in which he
+wrote. The expressions which came first to his tongue were simple,
+energetic, and picturesque. When he wrote for publication, he did his
+sentences out of English into Johnsonese. His letters from the Hebrides
+to Mrs. Thrale are the original of that work of which the _Journey to
+the Hebrides_ is the translation; and it is amusing to compare the two
+versions.' Macaulay thereupon quotes these two passages. See _ante_,
+under Aug. 29, 1783.
+
+[446] 'We had a lemon and a piece of bread, which supplied me with my
+supper.'_Piozzi Letters_, i, 136. Goldsmith, who in his student days had
+been in Scotland, thus writes of a Scotch inn:--'Vile entertainment is
+served up, complained of, and sent down; up comes worse, and that also
+is changed, and every change makes our wretched cheer more unsavoury.'
+_Present State of Polite Learning_, ch. 12.
+
+[447] General Wolfe, in his letter from Head-quarters on Sept. 2, 1759,
+eleven days before his death wrote:--'In this situation there is such a
+choice of difficulties that I own myself at a loss how to determine.'
+_Ann. Reg._ 1759, p. 246.
+
+[448] See _ante_, p. 89.
+
+[449] See _ante_, ii. 169, note 2.
+
+[450] Boswell, in a note that he added to the second edition (see
+_post_, end of the _Journal_), says that he has omitted 'a few
+observations the publication of which might perhaps be considered as
+passing the bounds of a strict decorum,' In the first edition (p. 165)
+the next three paragraphs were as follows:--'Instead of finding the head
+of the Macdonalds surrounded with his clan, and a festive entertainment,
+we had a small company, and cannot boast of our cheer. The particulars
+are minuted in my Journal, but I shall not trouble the publick with
+them. I shall mention but one characteristick circumstance. My shrewd
+and hearty friend Sir Thomas (Wentworth) Blacket, Lady Macdonald's
+uncle, who had preceded us in a visit to this chief, upon being asked by
+him if the punch-bowl then upon the table was not a very handsome one,
+replied, "Yes--if it were full." 'Sir Alexander Macdonald having been an
+Eton scholar, Dr. Johnson had formed an opinion of him which was much
+diminished when he beheld him in the isle of Sky, where we heard heavy
+complaints of rents racked, and the people driven to emigration. Dr.
+Johnson said, "It grieves me to see the chief of a great clan appear to
+such disadvantage. This gentleman has talents, nay some learning; but he
+is totally unfit for this situation. Sir, the Highland chiefs should not
+be allowed to go farther south than Aberdeen. A strong-minded man, like
+his brother Sir James, may be improved by an English education; but in
+general they will be tamed into insignificance." 'I meditated an escape
+from this house the very next day; but Dr. Johnson resolved that we
+should weather it out till Monday.' Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale:--'We
+saw the isle of Skie before us, darkening the horizon with its rocky
+coast. A boat was procured, and we launched into one of the straits of
+the Atlantick Ocean. We had a passage of about twelve miles to the point
+where ---- ---- resided, having come from his seat in the middle of the
+island to a small house on the shore, as we believe, that he might with
+less reproach entertain us meanly. If he aspired to meanness, his
+retrograde ambition was completely gratified... Boswell was very angry,
+and reproached him with his improper parsimony.' _Piozzi Letters_, i.
+137. A little later he wrote:--'I have done thinking of ---- whom we now
+call Sir Sawney; he has disgusted all mankind by injudicious parsimony,
+and given occasion to so many stories, that ---- has some thoughts of
+collecting them, and making a novel of his life.' _Ib_. p. 198. The last
+of Rowlandson's _Caricatures_ of Boswell's _Journal_ is entitled
+_Revising for the Second Edition_. Macdonald is represented as seizing
+Boswell by the throat and pointing with his stick to the _Journal_ that
+lies open at pages 168, 169. On the ground lie pages 165, 167, torn out.
+Boswell, in an agony of fear, is begging for mercy.
+
+[451]
+
+     'Here, in Badenoch, here in Lochaber anon, in Lochiel, in
+      Knoydart, Moydart, Morrer, Ardgower, and Ardnamurchan,
+      Here I see him and here: I see him; anon I lose him.'
+
+Clough's _Bothie_, p. 125
+
+[452] See his Latin verses addressed to Dr. Johnson, in this APPENDIX.
+BOSWELL.
+
+[453] See _ante_, ii. 157.
+
+[454] See _ante_, i. 449.
+
+[455] See _ante_, ii. 99.
+
+[456] See _ante_, iii 198, note 1.
+
+[457] 'Such is the laxity of Highland conversation, that the inquirer is
+kept in continual suspense, and by a kind of intellectual retrogradation
+knows less as he hears more.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 47. 'They are not
+much accustomed to be interrogated by others, and seem never to have
+thought upon interrogating themselves; so that if they do not know what
+they tell to be true, they likewise do not distinctly perceive it to be
+false. Mr. Boswell was very diligent in his inquiries; and the result of
+his investigations was, that the answer to the second question was
+commonly such as nullified the answer to the first.' _Ib._, p. 114.
+
+[458] Mr. Carruthers, in his edition of Boswell's _Hebrides_, says (p.
+xiv):--'The new management and high rents took the tacksmen, or larger
+tenants, by surprise. They were indignant at the treatment they
+received, and selling off their stock they emigrated to America. In the
+twenty years from 1772 to 1792, sixteen vessels with emigrants sailed
+from the western shores of Inverness-shire and Ross-shire, containing
+about 6400 persons, who carried with them in specie at least £38,400. A
+desperate effort was made by the tacksmen on the estate of Lord
+Macdonald. They bound themselves by a solemn oath not to offer for any
+farm that might become vacant. The combination failed of its object, but
+it appeared so formidable in the eyes of the "English-bred chieftain,"
+that he retreated precipitately from Skye and never afterwards
+returned.'
+
+[459] Dr. Johnson seems to have forgotten that a Highlander going armed
+at this period incurred the penalty of serving as a common soldier for
+the first, and of transportation beyond sea for a second offence. And as
+for 'calling out his clan,' twelve Highlanders and a bagpipe made a
+rebellion. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[460] Mackintosh (_Life_ ii. 62) says that in Mme. du Deffand's
+_Correspondence_ there is 'an extraordinary confirmation of the talents
+and accomplishments of our Highland Phoenix, Sir James Macdonald. A
+Highland chieftain, admired by Voltaire, could have been no
+ordinary man.'
+
+[461] This extraordinary young man, whom I had the pleasure of knowing
+intimately, having been deeply regretted by his country, the most minute
+particulars concerning him must be interesting to many. I shall
+therefore insert his two last letters to his mother, Lady Margaret
+Macdonald, which her ladyship has been pleased to communicate to me.
+'Rome, July 9th, 1766. 'My DEAR MOTHER, 'Yesterday's post brought me
+your answer to the first letter in which I acquainted you of my illness.
+Your tenderness and concern upon that account are the same I have always
+experienced, and to which I have often owed my life. Indeed it never was
+in so great danger as it has been lately; and though it would have been
+a very great comfort to me to have had you near me, yet perhaps I ought
+to rejoice, on your account, that you had not the pain of such a
+spectacle. I have been now a week in Rome, and wish I could continue to
+give you the same good accounts of my recovery as I did in my last; but
+I must own that, for three days past, I have been in a very weak and
+miserable state, which however seems to give no uneasiness to my
+physician. My stomach has been greatly out of order, without any visible
+cause; and the palpitation does not decrease. I am told that my stomach
+will soon recover its tone, and that the palpitation must cease in time.
+So I am willing to believe; and with this hope support the little
+remains of spirits which I can be supposed to have, on the forty-seventh
+day of such an illness. Do not imagine I have relapsed;--I only recover
+slower than I expected. If my letter is shorter than usual, the cause of
+it is a dose of physick, which has weakened me so much to-day, that I am
+not able to write a long letter. I will make up for it next post, and
+remain always 'Your most sincerely affectionate son, 'J. MACDONALD.' He
+grew gradually worse; and on the night before his death he wrote as
+follows from Frescati:--'MY DEAR MOTHER, 'Though I did not mean to
+deceive you in my last letter from Rome, yet certainly you would have
+very little reason to conclude of the very great and constant danger I
+have gone through ever since that time. My life, which is still almost
+entirely desperate, did not at that time appear to me so, otherwise I
+should have represented, in its true colours, a fact which acquires very
+little horror by that means, and comes with redoubled force by
+deception. There is no circumstance of danger and pain of which I have
+not had the experience, for a continued series of above a fortnight;
+during which time I have settled my affairs, after my death, with as
+much distinctness as the hurry and the nature of the thing could admit
+of. In case of the worst, the Abbé Grant will be my executor in this
+part of the world, and Mr. Mackenzie in Scotland, where my object has
+been to make you and my younger brother as independent of the eldest as
+possible.' BOSWELL. Horace Walpole (Letters, vii. 291), in 1779, thus
+mentions this 'younger brother':--'Macdonald abused Lord North in very
+gross, yet too applicable, terms; and next day pleaded he had been
+drunk, recanted, and was all admiration and esteem for his Lordship's
+talents and virtues.'
+
+[462] See _ante_, iii. 85, and _post_, Oct. 28.
+
+[463] Cheyne's English Malady, ed. 1733, p. 229.
+
+[464] 'Weary, stale, flat and unprofitable.' _Hamlet_, act i. sc. 2. See
+_ante_, iii. 350, where Boswell is reproached by Johnson with 'bringing
+in gabble,' when he makes this quotation.
+
+[465] VARIOUS READINGS. Line 2. In the manuscript, Dr. Johnson, instead
+of _rupibus obsita_, had written _imbribus uvida_, and _uvida nubibus_,
+but struck them both out. Lines 15 and 16. Instead of these two lines,
+he had written, but afterwards struck out, the following:--
+
+     Parare posse, utcunque jactet
+     Grandiloquus nimis alta Zeno.
+
+BOSWELL. In Johnson's _Works_, i. 167, these lines are given with some
+variations, which perhaps are in part due to Mr. Langton, who, we are
+told (_ante_, Dec. 1784), edited some, if not indeed all, of Johnson's
+Latin poems.
+
+[466] Cowper wrote to S. Rose on May 20, 1789:--'Browne was an
+entertaining companion when he had drunk his bottle, but not before;
+this proved a snare to him, and he would sometimes drink too much.'
+Southey's _Cowper_, vi. 237. His _De Animi Immortalitate_ was published
+in 1754. He died in 1760, aged fifty-four. See _ante_, ii. 339.
+
+[467] Boswell, in one of his _Hypochondriacks_ (_ante_, iv. 179)
+says:--'I do fairly acknowledge that I love Drinking; that I have a
+constitutional inclination to indulge in fermented liquors, and that if
+it were not for the restraints of reason and religion, I am afraid I
+should be as constant a votary of Bacchus as any man.... Drinking is in
+reality an occupation which employs a considerable portion of the time
+of many people; and to conduct it in the most rational and agreeable
+manner is one of the great arts of living. Were we so framed that it
+were possible by perpetual supplies of wine to keep ourselves for ever
+gay and happy, there could be no doubt that drinking would be the
+_summum bonum_, the chief good, to find out which philosophers have been
+so variously busied. But we know from humiliating experience that men
+cannot be kept long in a state of elevated drunkenness.'
+
+[468] That my readers may have my narrative in the style of the country
+through which I am travelling, it is proper to inform them, that the
+chief of a clan is denominated by his _surname_ alone, as M'Leod,
+M'Kinnon, M'lntosh. To prefix _Mr._ to it would be a degradation from
+_the_ M'Leod, &c. My old friend, the Laird of M'Farlane, the great
+antiquary, took it highly amiss, when General Wade called him Mr.
+M'Farlane. Dr. Johnson said, he could not bring himself to use this mode
+of address; it seemed to him to be too familiar, as it is the way in
+which, in all other places, intimates or inferiors are addressed. When
+the chiefs have _titles_ they are denominated by them, as _Sir James
+Grant_, _Sir Allan M'Lean_. The other Highland gentlemen, of landed
+property, are denominated by their _estates_, as _Rasay_, _Boisdale_;
+and the wives of all of them have the title of _ladies_. The _tacksmen_,
+or principal tenants, are named by their farms, as _Kingsburgh_,
+_Corrichatachin_; and their wives are called the _mistress_ of
+Kingsburgh, the _mistress_ of Corrichatachin.--Having given this
+explanation, I am at liberty to use that mode of speech which generally
+prevails in the Highlands and the Hebrides. BOSWELL.
+
+[469] See _ante_, iii. 275.
+
+[470] Boswell implies that Sir A. Macdonald's table had not been
+furnished plentifully. Johnson wrote:--'At night we came to a tenant's
+house of the first rank of tenants, where we were entertained better
+than at the landlord's.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 141.
+
+[471] 'Little did I once think,' he wrote to her the same day, 'of
+seeing this region of obscurity, and little did you once expect a
+salutation from this verge of European life. I have now the pleasure of
+going where nobody goes, and seeing what nobody sees.' _Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 120. About fourteen years since, I landed in Sky, with a party of
+friends, and had the curiosity to ask what was the first idea on every
+one's mind at landing. All answered separately that it was this Ode.
+WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[472] See Appendix B.
+
+[473] 'I never was in any house of the islands, where I did not find
+books in more languages than one, if I staid long enough to want them,
+except one from which the family was removed.' Johnson's _Works_, ix.
+50. He is speaking of 'the higher rank of the Hebridians,' for on p. 61
+he says:--'The greater part of the islanders make no use of books.'
+
+[474] There was a Mrs. Brooks, an actress, the daughter of a Scotchman
+named Watson, who had forfeited his property by 'going out in the '45.'
+But according to _The Thespian Dictionary_ her first appearance on the
+stage was in 1786.
+
+[475] Boswell mentions, _post_, Oct. 5, 'the famous Captain of
+Clanranald, who fell at Sherrif-muir.'
+
+[476] See _ante_, p. 95.
+
+[477] By John Macpherson, D.D. See _post_, Sept. 13.
+
+[478] Sir Walter Scott, when in Sky in 1814, wrote:--'We learn that most
+of the Highland superstitions, even that of the second sight, are still
+in force.' Lockhart's _Scott_, ed. 1839, iv. 305. See _.ante_, ii.
+10, 318.
+
+[479] Of him Johnson wrote:--'One of the ministers honestly told me that
+he came to Sky with a resolution not to believe it.' _Works_, ix. 106.
+
+[480] 'By the term _second sight_ seems to be meant a mode of seeing
+superadded to that which nature generally bestows. In the Erse it is
+called _Taisch_; which signifies likewise a spectre or a vision.'
+_Johnson's Works_, ix. 105.
+
+[481] Gray's _Ode on a distant prospect of Eton College_, 1. 44.
+
+[482] A tonnage bounty of thirty shillings a ton was at this time given
+to the owners of busses or decked vessels for the encouragement of the
+white herring fishery. Adam Smith (_Wealth of Nations_, iv. 5) shews how
+mischievous was its effect.
+
+[483] The Highland expression for Laird of Rasay. BOSWELL.
+
+[484] 'In Sky I first observed the use of brogues, a kind of artless
+shoes, stitched with thongs so loosely, that, though they defend the
+foot from stones, they do not exclude water.' Johnson's _Works_, ix 46.
+
+[485] To evade the law against the tartan dress, the Highlanders used to
+dye their variegated plaids and kilts into blue, green, or any single
+colour. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[486] See _post_, Oct. 5.
+
+[487] The Highlanders were all well inclined to the episcopalian form,
+_proviso_ that the right _king_ was prayed for. I suppose Malcolm meant
+to say, 'I will come to your church because you are honest folk,' viz.
+_Jacobites_. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[488] See _ante_, i. 450, and ii. 291.
+
+[489] Perhaps he was thinking of Johnson's letter of June 20, 1771
+(_ante_, ii. 140), where he says:--'I hope the time will come when we
+may try our powers both with cliffs and water.'
+
+[490] 'The wind blew enough to give the boat a kind of dancing
+agitation.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 142. 'The water was calm and the rowers
+were vigorous; so that our passage was quick and pleasant.' Johnson's
+_Works_, ix. 54.
+
+[491]
+
+     'Caught in the wild Aegean seas,
+      The sailor bends to heaven for ease.'
+
+FRANCIS. Horace, 2, _Odes_, xvi. 1.
+
+[492] See _ante_, iv. Dec. 9, 1784, note.
+
+[493] Such spells are still believed in. A lady of property in Mull, a
+friend of mine, had a few years since much difficulty in rescuing from
+the superstitious fury of the people, an old woman, who used a _charm_
+to injure her neighbour's cattle. It is now in my possession, and
+consists of feathers, parings of nails, hair, and such like trash, wrapt
+in a lump of clay. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[494] Sir Walter Scott, writing in Skye in 1814, says:--'Macleod and Mr.
+Suter have both heard a tacksman of Macleod's recite the celebrated
+Address to the Sun; and another person repeat the description of
+Cuchullin's car. But all agree as to the gross infidelity of Macpherson
+as a translator and editor.' Lockhart's _Scott_, iv. 308.
+
+[495] See _post_, Nov. 10.
+
+[496] 'The women reaped the corn, and the men bound up the sheaves. The
+strokes of the sickle were timed by the modulation of the harvest-song,
+in which all their voices were united.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 58.
+
+[497] 'The money which he raises annually by rent from all his
+dominions, which contain at least 50,000 acres, is not believed to
+exceed £250; but as he keeps a large farm in his own hands, he sells
+every year great numbers of cattle ... The wine circulates vigorously,
+and the tea, chocolate, and coffee, however they are got, are always at
+hand.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 142. 'Of wine and punch they are very
+liberal, for they get them cheap; but as there is no custom-house on the
+island, they can hardly be considered as smugglers.' _Ib_. p. 160.
+'Their trade is unconstrained; they pay no customs, for there is no
+officer to demand them; whatever, therefore, is made dear only by impost
+is obtained here at an easy rate.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 52.
+
+[498] 'No man is so abstemious as to refuse the morning dram, which they
+call a _skalk_.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. p. 51.
+
+[499] Alexander Macleod, of Muiravenside, advocate, became extremely
+obnoxious to government by his zealous personal efforts to engage his
+chief Macleod, and Macdonald of Sky, in the Chevalier's attempts of
+1745. Had he succeeded, it would have added one third at least to the
+Jacobite army. Boswell has oddly described _M'Cruslick_, the being whose
+name was conferred upon this gentleman, as something between Proteus and
+Don Quixote. It is the name of a species of satyr, or _esprit follet_, a
+sort of mountain Puck or hobgoblin, seen among the wilds and mountains,
+as the old Highlanders believed, sometimes mirthful, sometimes
+mischievous. Alexander Macleod's precarious mode of life and variable
+spirits occasioned the _soubriquet_. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[500] Johnson also complained of the cheese. 'In the islands they do
+what I found it not very easy to endure. They pollute the tea-table by
+plates piled with large slices of Cheshire cheese, which mingles its
+less grateful odours with the fragrance of the tea.' _Works_, ix. 52.
+
+[501] 'The estate has not, during four hundred years, gained or lost a
+single acre.' _Ib_. p. 55.
+
+[502] Lord Stowell told me, that on the road from Newcastle to Berwick,
+Dr. Johnson and he passed a cottage, at the entrance of which were set
+up two of those great bones of the whale, which are not unfrequently
+seen in maritime districts. Johnson expressed great horror at the sight
+of these bones; and called the people, who could use such relics of
+mortality as an ornament, mere savages. CROKER.
+
+[503] In like manner Boswell wrote:--'It is divinely cheering to me to
+think that there is a Cathedral so near Auchinleck [as Carlisle].'
+_Ante_, iii. 416.
+
+[504] 'It is not only in Rasay that the chapel is unroofed and useless;
+through the few islands which we visited we neither saw nor heard of any
+house of prayer, except in Sky, that was not in ruins. The malignant
+influence of Calvinism has blasted ceremony and decency together... It
+has been for many years popular to talk of the lazy devotion of the
+Romish clergy; over the sleepy laziness of men that erected churches we
+may indulge our superiority with a new triumph, by comparing it with the
+fervid activity of those who suffer them to fall.' Johnson's _Works_,
+ix. 61. He wrote to Mrs. Thrale:--'By the active zeal of Protestant
+devotion almost all the chapels have sunk into ruin.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 152.
+
+[505] 'Not many years ago,' writes Johnson, 'the late Laird led out one
+hundred men upon a military expedition.' _Works_, ix. 59. What the
+expedition was he is careful not to state.
+
+[506] 'I considered this rugged ascent as the consequence of a form of
+life inured to hardships, and therefore not studious of nice
+accommodations. But I know not whether for many ages it was not
+considered as a part of military policy to keep the country not easily
+accessible. The rocks are natural fortifications.' Johnson's _Works_,
+ix. p. 54.
+
+[507] See _post_ Sept. 17.
+
+[508] In Sky a price was set 'upon the heads of foxes, which, as the
+number was diminished, has been gradually raised from three shillings
+and sixpence to a guinea, a sum so great in this part of the world,
+that, in a short time, Sky may be as free from foxes as England from
+wolves. The fund for these rewards is a tax of sixpence in the pound,
+imposed by the farmers on themselves, and said to be paid with great
+willingness.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 57.
+
+[509] Boswell means that the eastern coast of Sky is westward of Rasay.
+CROKER.
+
+[510] 'The Prince was hidden in his distress two nights in Rasay, and
+the King's troops burnt the whole country, and killed some of the
+cattle. You may guess at the opinions that prevail in this country; they
+are, however, content with fighting for their King; they do not drink
+for him. We had no foolish healths', _Piozzi Letters_, i. 145.
+
+[511] See _ante_, iv. 217, where he said:--'You have, perhaps, no man
+who knows as much Greek and Latin as Bentley.'
+
+[512] See _ante_, ii. 61, and _post_, Oct. 1.
+
+[513] See _ante_, i. 268, note 1.
+
+[514] Steele had had the Duke of Marlborough's papers, and 'in some of
+his exigencies put them in pawn. They then remained with the old
+Duchess, who, in her will, assigned the task to Glover [the author of
+_Leonidas_] and Mallet, with a reward of a thousand pounds, and a
+prohibition to insert any verses. Glover rejected, I suppose with
+disdain, the legacy, and devolved the whole work upon Mallet; who had
+from the late Duke of Marlborough a pension to promote his industry, and
+who talked of the discoveries which he had made; but left not, when he
+died, any historical labours behind him.' Johnson's _Works_, viii. 466.
+The Duchess died in 1744 and Mallet in 1765. For more than twenty years
+he thus imposed more or less successfully on the world. About the year
+1751 he played on Garrick's vanity. 'Mallet, in a familiar conversation
+with Garrick, discoursing of the diligence which he was then exerting
+upon the _Life of Marlborough_, let him know, that in the series of
+great men quickly to be exhibited, he should _find a niche_ for the hero
+of the theatre. Garrick professed to wonder by what artifice he could be
+introduced; but Mallet let him know, that by a dexterous anticipation he
+should fix him in a conspicuous place. "Mr. Mallet," says Garrick in his
+gratitude of exultation, "have you left off to write for the stage?"
+Mallet then confessed that he had a drama in his hands. Garrick promised
+to act it; and _Alfred_ was produced.' _Ib_. p. 465. See _ante_,
+iii. 386.
+
+[515] According to Dr. Warton (_Essay on Pope_, ii. 140) he received
+£5000. 'Old Marlborough,' wrote Horace Walpole in March, 1742 (Letters,
+i. 139), 'has at last published her _Memoirs_; they are digested by one
+Hooke, who wrote a Roman history; but from her materials, which are so
+womanish that I am sure the man might sooner have made a gown and
+petticoat with them.'
+
+[516] See _ante_, i. 153
+
+[517] 'Hooke,' says Dr. Warton (_Essay on Pope_, ii. 141), 'was a Mystic
+and a Quietist, and a warm disciple of Fénelon. It was he who brought a
+Catholic priest to take Pope's confession on his death-bed.'
+
+[518] See Cumberland's _Memoirs_, i. 344.
+
+[519] Mr. Croker says that 'though he sold a great tract of land in
+Harris, he left at his death in 1801 the original debt of £50,000
+[Boswell says £40,000] increased to £70,000.' When Johnson visited
+Macleod at Dunvegan, he wrote to Mrs. Thrale:--'Here, though poor
+Macleod had been left by his grandfather overwhelmed with debts, we had
+another exhibition of feudal hospitality. There were two stags in the
+house, and venison came to the table every day in its various forms.
+Macleod, besides his estate in Sky, larger I suppose than some English
+counties, is proprietor of nine inhabited isles; and of his isles
+uninhabited I doubt if he very exactly knows the number, I told him that
+he was a mighty monarch. Such dominions fill an Englishman with envious
+wonder; but when he surveys the naked mountain, and treads the quaking
+moor; and wanders over the wild regions of gloomy barrenness, his wonder
+may continue, but his envy ceases. The unprofitableness of these vast
+domains can be conceived only by the means of positive instances. The
+heir of Col, an island not far distant, has lately told me how wealthy
+he should be if he could let Rum, another of his islands, for twopence
+halfpenny an acre; and Macleod has an estate which the surveyor reports
+to contain 80,000 acres, rented at £600 a year.' _Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 154.
+
+[520] They were abolished by an act passed in 1747, being 'reckoned
+among the principal sources of the rebellions. They certainly kept the
+common people in subjection to their chiefs. By this act they were
+legally emancipated from slavery; but as the tenants enjoyed no leases,
+and were at all times liable to be ejected from their farms, they still
+depended on the pleasure of their lords, notwithstanding this
+interposition of the legislature, which granted a valuable consideration
+in money to every nobleman and petty baron, who was thus deprived of one
+part of his inheritance.' Smollett's _England_, iii. 206. See _ante_, p.
+46, note 1, and _post_, Oct. 22.
+
+[521] 'I doubt not but that since the regular judges have made their
+circuits through the whole country, right has been everywhere more
+wisely and more equally distributed; the complaint is, that litigation
+is grown troublesome, and that the magistrates are too few and therefore
+often too remote for general convenience... In all greater questions
+there is now happily an end to all fear or hope from malice or from
+favour. The roads are secure in those places through which forty years
+ago no traveller could pass without a convoy...No scheme of policy has
+in any country yet brought the rich and poor on equal terms to courts of
+judicature. Perhaps experience improving on experience may in time
+effect it.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 90.
+
+[522] He described Rasay as 'the seat of plenty, civility, and
+cheerfulness.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 152.
+
+[523] 'We heard the women singing as they _waulked_ the cloth, by
+rubbing it with their hands and feet, and screaming all the while in a
+sort of chorus. At a distance the sound was wild and sweet enough, but
+rather discordant when you approached too near the performers.'
+Lockhart's _Scott_, iv. 307.
+
+[524] She had been some time at Edinburgh, to which she again went, and
+was married to my worthy neighbour, Colonel Mure Campbell, now Earl of
+Loudoun, but she died soon afterwards, leaving one daughter. BOSWELL.
+'She is a celebrated beauty; has been admired at Edinburgh; dresses her
+head very high; and has manners so lady-like that I wish her head-dress
+was lower.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 144. See _ante_, iii. 118.
+
+[525]
+
+     'Yet hope not life from _grief_ or danger free,
+      _Nor_ think the doom of man reversed for thee.'
+
+_The Vanity of Human Wishes_.
+
+[526] 'Rasay accompanied us in his six-oared boat, which he said was his
+coach and six. It is indeed the vehicle in which the ladies take the air
+and pay their visits, but they have taken very little care for
+accommodations. There is no way in or out of the boat for a woman but by
+being carried; and in the boat thus dignified with a pompous name there
+is no seat but an occasional bundle of straw.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 152.
+In describing the distance of one family from another, Johnson
+writes:--'Visits last several days, and are commonly paid by water; yet
+I never saw a boat furnished with benches.' _Works_, ix. 100.
+
+[527] See _ante_, ii. 106, and iii. 154.
+
+[528] 'They which forewent us did leave a Roome for us, and should wee
+grieve to doe the same to these which should come after us? Who beeing
+admitted to see the exquisite rarities of some antiquaries cabinet is
+grieved, all viewed, to have the courtaine drawen, and give place to new
+pilgrimes?' _A Cypresse Grove_, by William Drummond of Hawthorne-denne,
+ed. 1630, p. 68.
+
+[529] See _ante_, iii. 153, 295.
+
+[530]
+
+     'While hoary Nestor, by experience wise,
+      To reconcile the angry monarch tries.'
+
+FRANCIS. Horace, i _Epis_. ii. II.
+
+[531] _See ante_, p. 16.
+
+[532] Lord Elibank died Aug. 3, 1778, aged 75. _Gent. Mag._ 1778, p.
+391.
+
+[533] A term in Scotland for a special messenger, such as was formerly
+sent with dispatches by the lords of the council.
+
+[534] Yet he said of him:--'There is nothing _conclusive_ in his talk.'
+_Ante_ iii. 57.
+
+[535] 'I believe every man has found in physicians great liberality and
+dignity of sentiment, very prompt effusion of beneficence, and
+willingness to exert a lucrative art where there is no hope of lucre.'
+Johnson's _Works_, vii. 402. See _ante_, iv. 263.
+
+[536] Johnson says (_ib_. ix. 156) that when the military road was made
+through Glencroe, 'stones were placed to mark the distances, which the
+inhabitants have taken away, resolved, they said, "to have no
+new miles."'
+
+[537]
+
+     'The lawland lads think they are fine,
+      But O they're vain and idly gawdy;
+      How much unlike that graceful mien
+      And manly look of my highland laddie.'
+
+From '_The Highland Laddie_, written long since by Allan Ramsay, and now
+sung at Ranelagh and all the other gardens; often fondly encored, and
+sometimes ridiculously hissed.' _Gent. Mag_. 1750, p. 325.
+
+[538] 'She is of a pleasing person and elegant behaviour. She told me
+that she thought herself honoured by my visit; and I am sure that
+whatever regard she bestowed on me was liberally repaid.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 153. In his _Journey_ (_Works_, ix. 63) Johnson speaks of
+Flora Macdonald, as 'a name that will be mentioned in history, and if
+courage and fidelity be virtues, mentioned with honour.'
+
+[539] This word, which meant much the same as, _fop_ or _dandy_, is
+found in Bk. x. ch. 2 of Fielding's _Amelia_ (published in 1751):--'A
+large assembly of young fellows, whom they call bucks.' Less than forty
+years ago, in the neighbourhood of London, it was, I remember, still
+commonly applied by the village lads to the boys of a boarding-school.
+
+[540] This word was at this time often used in a loose sense, though
+Johnson could not have so used it. Thus Horace Walpole, writing on May
+16, 1759 (_Letters_, iii. 227), tells a story of the little Prince
+Frederick. 'T'other day as he was with the Prince of Wales, Kitty Fisher
+passed by, and the child named her; the Prince, to try him, asked who
+that was? "Why, a Miss." "A Miss," said the Prince of Wales, "why are
+not all girls Misses?" "Oh! but a particular sort of Miss--a Miss that
+sells oranges."' Mr. Cunningham in a note on this says:--'Orange-girls
+at theatres were invariably courtesans.'
+
+[541] _Governor_ was the term commonly given to a tutor, especially a
+travelling tutor. Thus Peregrine Pickle was sent first to Winchester and
+afterwards abroad 'under the immediate care and inspection of a
+governor.' _Peregrine Pickle_, ch. xv.
+
+[542] He and his wife returned before the end of the War of
+Independence. On the way back she showed great spirit when their ship
+was attacked by a French man of war. Chambers's _Rebellion in
+Scotland_, ii. 329.
+
+[543] I do not call him _the Prince of Wales_, or _the Prince_, because
+I am quite satisfied that the right which the _House of Stuart_ had to
+the throne is extinguished. I do not call him, the _Pretender_, because
+it appears to me as an insult to one who is still alive, and, I suppose,
+thinks very differently. It may be a parliamentary expression; but it is
+not a gentlemanly expression. I _know_, and I exult in having it in my
+power to tell, that THE ONLY PERSON in the world who is intitled to be
+offended at this delicacy, thinks and feels as I do; and has liberality
+of mind and generosity of sentiment enough to approve of my tenderness
+for what even _has been_ Blood Royal. That he is a _prince_ by
+_courtesy_, cannot be denied; because his mother was the daughter of
+Sobiesky, king of Poland. I shall, therefore, _on that account alone_,
+distinguish him by the name of _Prince Charles Edward_. BOSWELL. To have
+called him the _Pretender_ in the presence of Flora Macdonald would have
+been hazardous. In her old age, 'such is said to have been the virulence
+of the Jacobite spirit in her composition, that she would have struck
+any one with her fist who presumed, in her hearing, to call Charles _the
+Pretender_.' Chambers's _Rebellion in Scotland_, ii. 330.
+
+[544] This, perhaps, was said in allusion to some lines ascribed to
+_Pope_, on his lying, at John Duke of Argyle's, at Adderbury, in the
+same bed in which Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, had slept:
+
+     'With no poetick ardour fir'd,
+        I press [press'd] the bed where Wilmot lay;
+      That here he liv'd [lov'd], or here expir'd,
+        Begets no numbers, grave or gay.'
+
+BOSWELL.
+
+[545] See _ante_, iv. 60, 187.
+
+[546] See _ante_, iv. 113 and 315.
+
+[547] 'This was written while Mr. Wilkes was Sheriff of London, and when
+it was to be feared he would rattle his chain a year longer as Lord
+Mayor.' Note to Campbell's _British Poets_, p. 662. By 'here' the poet
+means at _Tyburn_.
+
+[548] With virtue weigh'd, what worthless trash is gold! BOSWELL.
+
+[549] Since the first edition of this book, an ingenious friend has
+observed to me, that Dr. Johnson had probably been thinking on the
+reward which was offered by government for the apprehension of the
+grandson of King James II, and that he meant by these words to express
+his admiration of the Highlanders, whose fidelity and attachment had
+resisted the golden temptation that had been held out to them. BOSWELL.
+
+[550] On the subject of Lady Margaret Macdonald, it is impossible to
+omit an anecdote which does much honour to Frederick, Prince of Wales.
+By some chance Lady Margaret had been presented to the princess, who,
+when she learnt what share she had taken in the Chevalier's escape,
+hastened to excuse herself to the prince, and exlain to him that she was
+not aware that Lady Margaret was the person who had harboured the
+fugitive. The prince's answer was noble: 'And would _you_ not have done
+the same, madam, had he come to you, as to her, in distress and danger?
+I hope--I am sure you would!' WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[551] This old Scottish _member of parliament_, I am informed, is still
+living (1785). BOSWELL.
+
+[552] I cannot find that this account was ever published. Mr. Lumisden
+is mentioned _ante_, ii. 401, note 2.
+
+[553] This word is not in Johnson's _Dictionary_.
+
+[554] Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. p. 153) describes him in 1745 as 'a
+good-looking man of about five feet ten inches; his hair was dark red,
+and his eyes black. His features were regular, his visage long, much
+sunburnt and freckled, and his countenance thoughtful and melancholy.'
+When the Pretender was in London in 1750, 'he came one evening,' writes
+Dr. W. King (_Anec_. p. 199) 'to my lodgings, and drank tea with me; my
+servant, after he was gone, said to me, that he thought my new visitor
+very like Prince Charles. "Why," said I, "have you ever seen Prince
+Charles?" "No, Sir," said the fellow, "but this gentleman, whoever he
+may be, exactly resembles the busts which are sold in Red Lionstreet,
+and are said to be the busts of Prince Charles." The truth is, these
+busts were taken in plaster of Paris from his face. He has an handsome
+face and good eyes.'
+
+[555] Sir Walter Scott, writing of his childhood, mentions 'the stories
+told in my hearing of the cruelties after the battle of Culloden. One or
+two of our own distant relations had fallen, and I remember of (sic)
+detesting the name of Cumberland with more than infant hatred.'
+Lockhart's _Scott_, i. 24. 'I was,' writes Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_, p.
+190), 'in the coffee-house with Smollett when the news of the battle of
+Culloden arrived, and when London all over was in a perfect uproar of
+joy.' On coming out into the street, 'Smollett,' he continues,
+'cautioned me against speaking a word, lest the mob should discover my
+country, and become insolent, "for John Bull," says he; "is as haughty
+and valiant to-night as he was abject and cowardly on the Black
+Wednesday when the Highlanders were at Derby." I saw not Smollett again
+for some time after, when he shewed me his manuscript of his _Tears of
+Scotland_. Smollett, though a Tory, was not a Jacobite, but he had the
+feelings of a Scotch gentleman on the reported cruelties that were said
+to be exercised after the battle of Culloden.' See _ante_, ii. 374, for
+the madman 'beating his straw, supposing it was the Duke of Cumberland,
+whom he was punishing for his cruelties in Scotland in 1746.'
+
+[556] 'He was obliged to trust his life to the fidelity of above fifty
+individuals, and many of these were in the lowest paths of fortune. They
+knew that a price of £30,000 was set upon his head, and that by
+betraying him they should enjoy wealth and affluence.' Smollett's _Hist.
+of England_, iii. 184.
+
+[557] 'Que les hommes privés, qui se plaignent de leurs petites
+infortunes, jettent les yeux sur ce prince et sur ses ancêtres.' _Siècle
+de Louis XV_, ch. 25.
+
+[558] 'I never heard him express any noble or benevolent sentiments, or
+discover any sorrow or compassion for the misfortunes of so many worthy
+men who had suffered in his cause. But the most odious part of his
+character is his love of money, a vice which I do not remember to have
+been imputed by our historians to any of his ancestors, and is the
+certain index of a base and little mind. I have known this gentleman,
+with 2000 Louis d'ors in his strong box, pretend he was in great
+distress, and borrow money from a lady in Paris, who was not in affluent
+circumstances.' Dr. W. King's _Anec._ p. 201. 'Lord Marischal,' writes
+Hume, 'had a very bad opinion of this unfortunate prince; and thought
+there was no vice so mean or atrocious of which he was not capable; of
+which he gave me several instances.' J. H. Burton's _Hume_, ii. 464.
+
+[559] _Siècle de Louis XIV_, ch. 15. The accentuation of this passage,
+which was very incorrect as quoted by Boswell, I have corrected.
+
+[560] By banishment he meant, I conjecture, transportation as a
+convict-slave to the American plantations.
+
+[561] Wesley in his _Journal_--the reference I have mislaid--seemed from
+this consideration almost to regret a reprieve that came to a
+penitent convict.
+
+[562] Hume describes how in 1753 (? 1750) the Pretender, on his secret
+visit to London, 'came to the house of a lady (who I imagined to be Lady
+Primrose) without giving her any preparatory information; and entered
+the room where she had a pretty large company with her, and was herself
+playing at cards. He was announced by the servant under another name.
+She thought the cards would have dropped from her hands on seeing him.
+But she had presence enough of mind to call him by the name he assumed.'
+J.H. Burton's _Hume_, ii. 462. Mr. Croker (Croker's _Boswell_, p. 331)
+prints an autograph letter from Flora Macdonald which shows that Lady
+Primrose in 1751 had lodged £627 in a friend's hands for her behoof, and
+that she had in view to add more.
+
+[563] It seems that the Pretender was only once in London, and that it
+was in 1750. _Ante_, i. 279, note 5. I suspect that 1759 is Boswell's
+mistake or his printer's. From what Johnson goes on to say it is clear
+that George II. was in Germany at the time of the Prince's secret visit.
+He was there the greater part of 1750, but not in 1753 or 1759. In 1750,
+moreover, 'the great army of the King of Prussia overawed Hanover.'
+Smollett's _England_, iii. 297. This explains what Johnson says about
+the King of Prussia stopping the army in Germany.
+
+[564] See _ante_, iv. 165, 170.
+
+[565] COMMENTARIES on the laws of England, book 1. chap. 3. BOSWELL.
+
+[566] B. VI. chap. 3. Since I have quoted Mr. Archdeacon Paley upon one
+subject, I cannot but transcribe, from his excellent work, a
+distinguished passage in support of the Christian Revelation.--After
+shewing, in decent but strong terms, the unfairness of the _indirect_
+attempts of modern infidels to unsettle and perplex religious
+principles, and particularly the irony, banter, and sneer, of one whom
+he politely calls 'an eloquent historian,' the archdeacon thus expresses
+himself:--
+
+'Seriousness is not constraint of thought; nor levity, freedom. Every
+mind which wishes the advancement of truth and knowledge, in the most
+important of all human researches, must abhor this licentiousness, as
+violating no less the laws of reasoning than the rights of decency.
+There is but one description of men to whose principles it ought to be
+tolerable. I mean that class of reasoners who can see _little_ in
+christianity even supposing it to be true. To such adversaries we
+address this reflection.--Had _Jesus Christ_ delivered no other
+declaration than the following, "The hour is coming in the which all
+that are in the graves shall hear his voice, and shall come forth,--they
+that have done well [good] unto the resurrection of life, and they that
+have done evil unto the resurrection of damnation," [_St. John_ v. 25]
+he had pronounced a message of inestimable importance, and well worthy
+of that splendid apparatus of prophecy and miracles with which his
+mission was introduced and attested:--a message in which the wisest of
+mankind would rejoice to find an answer to their doubts, and rest to
+their inquiries. It is idle to say that a future state had been
+discovered already.--It had been discovered as the Copernican System
+was;--it was one guess amongst many. He alone discovers who _proves_,
+and no man can prove this point but the teacher who testifies by
+miracles that his doctrine comes from GOD.'--Book V. chap. 9.
+
+If infidelity be disingenuously dispersed in every shape that is likely
+to allure, surprise, or beguile the imagination,--in a fable, a tale, a
+novel, a poem,--in books of travels, of philosophy, of natural
+history,--as Mr. Paley has well observed,--I hope it is fair in me thus
+to meet such poison with an unexpected antidote, which I cannot doubt
+will be found powerful. BOSWELL. The 'eloquent historian' was Gibbon.
+See Paley's _Principles_, ed. 1786, p. 395.
+
+[567] In _The Life of Johnson (ante_, iii. 113), Boswell quotes these
+words, without shewing that they are his own; but italicises not
+fervour, but loyalty.
+
+[568] 'Whose service is perfect freedom.' _Book of Common Prayer._
+
+[569] See _ante_, i. 353, note 1.
+
+[570] Ovid, _Ars Amatoria_, iii. 121.
+
+[571]
+
+     'This facile temper of the beauteous sex
+      Great Agamemnon, brave Pelides proved.'
+
+These two lines follow the four which Boswell quotes. _Agis_, act iv.
+
+[572] _Agis_, a tragedy, by John Home. BOSWELL.
+
+[573] See _ante_, p. 27.
+
+[574] A misprint, I suppose, for _designing_.
+
+[575] 'Next in dignity to the laird is the tacksman; a large taker or
+leaseholder of land, of which he keeps part as a domain in his own hand,
+and lets part to under-tenants. The tacksman is necessarily a man
+capable of securing to the laird the whole rent, and is commonly a
+collateral relation.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 82.
+
+[576] A _lettre de cachet_.
+
+[577] _Ante_, p. 159.
+
+[578] 'It is related that at Dunvegan Lady Macleod, having poured out
+for Dr. Johnson sixteen cups of tea, asked him if a small basin would
+not save him trouble, and be more agreeable. "I wonder, Madam," answered
+he roughly, "why all the ladies ask me such questions. It is to save
+yourselves trouble, Madam, and not me." The lady was silent and resumed
+her task.' Northcote's _Reynolds_, i. 81.
+
+[579] 'In the garden-or rather the orchard which was formerly the
+garden-is a pretty cascade, divided into two branches, and called Rorie
+More's Nurse, because he loved to be lulled to sleep by the sound of
+it.' Lockhart's _Scott_, iv. 304.
+
+[580] It has been said that she expressed considerable dissatisfaction
+at Dr. Johnson's rude behaviour at Dunvegan. Her grandson, the present
+Macleod, assures me that it was not so: 'they were all,' he says
+emphatically, '_delighted_ with him.' CROKER. Mr. Croker refers, I
+think, to a communication from Sir Walter Scott, published in the
+_Croker Corres_. ii. 33. Scott writes:--'When wind-bound at Dunvegan,
+Johnson's temper became most execrable, and beyond all endurance, save
+that of his guide. The Highlanders, who are very courteous in their way,
+held him in great contempt for his want of breeding, but had an idea at
+the same time there was something respectable about him, they could not
+tell what, and long spoke of him as the Sassenach _mohr_, or
+large Saxon.'
+
+[581] 'I long to be again in civilized life.' _Ante_, p. 183.
+
+[582] See _ante_, iii. 406.
+
+[583] Johnson refers, I think, to a passage in _L'Esprit des Lois_, Book
+xvi. chap. 4, where Montesquieu says:--'J'avoue que si ce que les
+relations nous disent était vrai, qu'à Bantam il y a dix femmes pour un
+homme, ce serait un cas bien particulier de la polygamie. Dans tout ceci
+je ne justifie pas les usages, mais j'en rends les raisons.'
+
+[584] What my friend treated as so wild a supposition, has actually
+happened in the Western islands of Scotland, if we may believe Martin,
+who tells it of the islands of Col and Tyr-yi, and says that it is
+proved by the parish registers. BOSWELL. 'The Isle of Coll produces more
+boys than girls, and the Isle of Tire-iy more girls than boys; as if
+nature intended both these isles for mutual alliances, without being at
+the trouble of going to the adjacent isles or continent to be matched.
+The parish-book in which the number of the baptised is to be seen,
+confirms this observation.' Martin's _Western Islands,_ p. 271.
+
+[585] _A Dissertation on the Gout_, by W. Cadogan, M.D., 1771. It went
+through nine editions in its first year.
+
+[586] This was a general reflection against Dr. Cadogan, when his very
+popular book was first published. It was said, that whatever precepts he
+might give to others, he himself indulged freely in the bottle. But I
+have since had the pleasure of becoming acquainted with him, and, if his
+own testimony may be believed, (and I have never heard it impeached,)
+his course of life has been conformable to his doctrine. BOSWELL.
+
+[587] 'April 7, 1765. I purpose to rise at eight, because, though I
+shall not yet rise early, it will be much earlier than I now rise, for I
+often lie till two.' _Pr. and Med._ p. 62. 'Sept. 18, 1771. My nocturnal
+complaints grow less troublesome towards morning; and I am tempted to
+repair the deficiencies of the night. I think, however, to try to rise
+every day by eight, and to combat indolence as I shall obtain strength.'
+_Ib._ p. 105. 'April 14, 1775. As my life has from my earliest years
+been wasted in a morning bed, my purpose is from Easter day to rise
+early, not later than eight.' _Ib._ p. 139.
+
+[588] See _post_, Oct. 25.
+
+[589] See _ante_, iv. under Dec. 2, 1784.
+
+[590] Miss Mulso (Mrs. Chapone) wrote in 1753:--'I had the assurance to
+dispute with Mr. Johnson on the subject of human malignity, and wondered
+to hear a man, who by his actions shews so much benevolence, maintain
+that the human heart is naturally malevolent, and that all the
+benevolence we see in the few who are good is acquired by reason and
+religion.' _ Life of Mrs. Chapone_, p.73. See _post_, p. 214.
+
+[591] This act was passed in 1746.
+
+[592] _Isaiah_, ii. 4.
+
+[593] Sir Walter Scott, after mentioning Lord Orford's (Horace Walpole)
+_History of His Own Time_, continues:--'The Memoirs of our Scots Sir
+George Mackenzie are of the same class--both immersed in little
+political detail, and the struggling skirmish of party, seem to have
+lost sight of the great progressive movements of human affairs.'
+Lockhart's _Scott_ vii. 12.
+
+[594] 'Illum jura potius ponere quam de jure respondere dixisses; eique
+appropinquabant clientes tanquam judici potius quam advocato.'
+Mackenzie's _Works_, ed. 1716, vol. i. part 2, p. 7.
+
+[595] 'Opposuit ei providentia Nisbetum: qui summâ doctrinâ
+consummatâque eloquentiâ causas agebat, ut justitiae scalae in
+aequilibrio essent; nimiâ tamen arte semper utens artem suam suspectam
+reddebat. Quoties ergo conflixerunt, penes Gilmorum gloria, penes
+Nisbetum palma fuit; quoniam in hoc plus artis et cultus, in illo
+naturae et virium.' _Ib._
+
+[596] He often indulged himself in every species of pleasantry and wit.
+BOSWELL.
+
+[597] But like the hawk, having soared with a lofty flight to a height
+which the eye could not reach, he was wont to swoop upon his quarry with
+wonderful rapidity. BOSWELL. These two quotations are part of the same
+paragraph, and are not even separated by a word. _Ib._ p. 6.
+
+[598] See _ante_, i. 453; iii. 323; iv. 276; and v. 32.
+
+[599] Some years later he said that 'when Burke lets himself down to
+jocularity he is in the kennel.' _Ante_, iv. 276.
+
+[600] Cicero and Demosthenes, no doubt, were brought in by the passage
+about Nicholson. Mackenzie continues:--'Hic primus nos a Syllogismorum
+servitute manumisit et Aristotelem Demostheni potius quam Ciceroni forum
+concedere coegit.' P. 6.
+
+[601] See _ante_ ii. 435 and iv. 149, note 3.
+
+[602] See _ante_, i. 103.
+
+[603] See _ante_ ii 436
+
+[604] See _ante_, i. 65.
+
+[605] On Sept. 13, 1777, Johnson wrote:--'Boswell shrinks from the
+Baltick expedition, which, I think, is the best scheme in our power.'
+_Ante_, iii. 134, note 1.
+
+[606] See _ante_, ii. 59, note 1.
+
+[607] See _ante_, iii. 368.
+
+[608] 'Every man wishes to be wise, and they who cannot be wise are
+almost always cunning ... nor is caution ever so necessary as with
+associates or opponents of feeble minds.' _The Idler_, No. 92. In a
+letter to Dr. Taylor Johnson says:--'To help the ignorant commonly
+requires much patience, for the ignorant are always trying to be
+cunning.' _Notes and Queries_, 6th S. v. 462. Churchill, in _The
+Journey_ (_Poems_, ed. 1766, ii. 327), says:--
+
+     ''Gainst fools be guarded; 'tis a certain rule,
+      Wits are safe things, there's danger in a fool.'
+
+
+[609] See _ante_, p. 173.
+
+[610]
+
+     'For thee we dim the eyes, and stuff the head
+      With all such reading as was never read;
+      For thee explain a thing till all men doubt it,
+      And  write   about  it,  goddess, and about it.'
+
+_The Dunciad_, iv. 249.
+
+[611] Genius is chiefly exerted in historical pictures; and the art of
+the painter of portraits is often lost in the obscurity of his subject.
+But it is in painting as in life; what is greatest is not always best. I
+should grieve to see Reynolds transfer to heroes and to goddesses, to
+empty splendour and to airy fiction, that art which is now employed in
+diffusing friendship, in reviving tenderness, in quickening the
+affections of the absent, and continuing the presence of the dead.' _The
+Idler_, No. 45. 'Southey wrote thirty years later:--'I find daily more
+and more reason to wonder at the miserable ignorance of English
+historians, and to grieve with a sort of despondency at seeing how much
+that has been laid up among the stores of knowledge has been neglected
+and utterly forgotten.' Southey's _Life_, ii. 264. On another occasion
+he said of Robertson:--'To write his introduction to _Charles V_,
+without reading these _Laws_ [the _Laws_ of Alonso the Wise], is one of
+the thousand and one omissions for which he ought to be called rogue, as
+long as his volumes last. _Ib_. p. 318
+
+[612]
+
+     'That eagle's fate and mine are one,
+      Which on the shaft that made him die,
+      Espy'd a feather of his own,
+      Wherewith he wont to soar so high.'
+      _Epistle to a Lady._
+
+Anderson's _Poets_, v. 480.
+
+[613] See _ante_, iii. 271.
+
+[614] 'In England there may be reason for raising the rents (in a
+certain degree) where the value of lands is increased by accession of
+commerce, ...but here (contrary to all policy) the great men begin at
+the wrong end, with squeezing the bag, before they have helped the poor
+tenant to fill it; by the introduction of manufactures.' Pennant's
+_Scotland_, ed. 1772, p. 191.
+
+[615] Boswell refers, not to a passage in _Pennant_, but to Johnson's
+admission that in his dispute with Monboddo, 'he might have taken the
+side of the savage, had anybody else taken the side of the shopkeeper.'
+_Ante_, p. 83.
+
+[616] 'Boswell, with some of his troublesome kindness, has informed this
+family and reminded me that the 18th of September is my birthday. The
+return of my birthday, if I remember it, fills me with thoughts which it
+seems to be the general care of humanity to escape.' _Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 134. See _ante_, iii. 157.
+
+[617] 'At Dunvegan I had tasted lotus, and was in danger of forgetting
+that I was ever to depart, till Mr. Boswell sagely reproached me with my
+sluggishness and softness.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 67.
+
+[618] Johnson wrote of the ministers:--'I saw not one in the islands
+whom I had reason to think either deficient in learning, or irregular in
+life; but found several with whom I could not converse without wishing,
+as my respect increased, that they had not been Presbyterians.' _Ib_.
+p. 102.
+
+[619] See _ante_, p. 142.
+
+[620] See _ante_, ii. 28.
+
+[621]
+
+     'So horses they affirm to be
+      Mere engines made by geometry,
+      And were invented first from engines,
+      As Indian Britons were from penguins.'
+
+_Hudibras_, part i. canto 2, line 57. Z. Gray, in a note on these lines,
+quotes Selden's note on Drayton's _Polyolbion_:--'About the year 1570,
+Madoc, brother to David Ap Owen, Prince of Wales, made a sea-voyage to
+Florida; and by probability those names of Capo de Breton in Norimberg,
+and Penguin in part of the Northern America, for a white rock and a
+white-headed bird, according to the British, were relicts of this
+discovery.'
+
+[622] Published in Edinburgh in 1763.
+
+[623] See ante, ii. 76. 'Johnson used to say that in all family disputes
+the odds were in favour of the husband from his superior knowledge of
+life and manners.' Johnson's Works (1787), xi. 210.
+
+[624] He wrote to Dr. Taylor:--' Nature has given women so much power
+that the law has very wisely given them little.' _Notes and Queries_,
+6th S. v. 342.
+
+[625] As I have faithfully recorded so many minute particulars, I hope I
+shall be pardoned for inserting so flattering an encomium on what is now
+offered to the publick. BOSWELL.
+
+[626] See _ante_, iv. 109, note 1.
+
+[627] 'The islanders of all degrees, whether of rank or understanding,
+universally admit it, except the ministers, who universally deny it, and
+are suspected to deny it in consequence of a system, against
+conviction.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 106.
+
+[628] The true story of this lady, which happened in this century, is as
+frightfully romantick as if it had been the fiction of a gloomy fancy.
+She was the wife of one of the Lords of Session in Scotland, a man of
+the very first blood of his country. For some mysterious reasons, which
+have never been discovered, she was seized and carried off in the dark,
+she knew not by whom, and by nightly journeys was conveyed to the
+Highland shores, from whence she was transported by sea to the remote
+rock of St. Kilda, where she remained, amongst its few wild inhabitants,
+a forlorn prisoner, but had a constant supply of provisions, and a woman
+to wait on her. No inquiry was made after her, till she at last found
+means to convey a letter to a confidential friend, by the daughter of a
+Catechist, who concealed it in a clue of yarn. Information being thus
+obtained at Edinburgh, a ship was sent to bring her off; but
+intelligence of this being received, she was conveyed to M'Leod's island
+of Herries, where she died.
+
+In CARSTARE'S STATE PAPERS we find an authentick narrative of Connor
+[Conn], a catholick priest, who turned protestant, being seized by some
+of Lord Seaforth's people, and detained prisoner in the island of
+Herries several years; he was fed with bread and water, and lodged in a
+house where he was exposed to the rains and cold. Sir James Ogilvy
+writes (June 18, 1667 [1697]), that the Lord Chancellor, the Lord
+Advocate, and himself, were to meet next day, to take effectual methods
+to have this redressed. Connor was then still detained; p. 310.--This
+shews what private oppression might in the last century be practised in
+the Hebrides.
+
+In the same collection [in a letter dated Sept. 15, 1700], the Earl of
+Argyle gives a picturesque account of an embassy from the _great_ M'Neil
+_of Barra_, as that insular Chief used to be denominated:--'I received a
+letter yesterday from M'Neil of Barra, who lives very far off, sent by a
+gentleman in all formality, offering his service, which had made you
+laugh to see his entry. His style of his letter runs as if he were of
+another kingdom.'--Page 643 [648]. BOSWELL.
+
+Sir Walter Scott says:--'I have seen Lady Grange's Journal. She had
+become privy to some of the Jacobite intrigues, in which her husband,
+Lord Grange (an Erskine, brother of the Earl of Mar, and a Lord of
+Session), and his family were engaged. Being on indifferent terms with
+her husband, she is said to have thrown out hints that she knew as much
+as would cost him his life. The judge probably thought with Mrs.
+Peachum, that it is rather an awkward state of domestic affairs, when
+the wife has it in her power to hang the husband. Lady Grange was the
+more to be dreaded, as she came of a vindictive race, being the
+grandchild [according to Mr. Chambers, the child] of that Chiesley of
+Dalry, who assassinated Sir George Lockhart, the Lord President. Many
+persons of importance in the Highlands were concerned in removing her
+testimony. The notorious Lovat, with a party of his men, were the direct
+agents in carrying her off; and St. Kilda, belonging then to Macleod,
+was selected as the place of confinement. The name by which she was
+spoken or written of was _Corpach_, an ominous distinction,
+corresponding to what is called _subject_ in the lecture-room of an
+anatomist, or _shot_ in the slang of the Westport murderers' [Burke and
+Hare]. Sir Walter adds that 'it was said of M'Neil of Barra, that when
+he dined, his bagpipes blew a particular strain, intimating that all the
+world might go to dinner.' Croker's _Boswell_, p. 341.
+
+[629] I doubt the justice of my fellow-traveller's remark concerning the
+French literati, many of whom, I am told, have considerable merit in
+conversation, as well as in their writings. That of Monsieur de Buffon,
+in particular, I am well assured, is highly instructive and
+entertaining. BOSWELL. See _ante_, iii. 253.
+
+[630] Horace Walpole, writing of 1758, says:--'Prize-fighting, in which
+we had horribly resembled the most barbarous and most polite nations,
+was suppressed by the legislature.' _Memoirs of the Reign of George II_,
+iii. 99. According to Mrs. Piozzi (_Anec._ p. 5), Johnson said that his
+'father's brother, Andrew, kept the ring in Smithfield (where they
+wrestled and boxed) for a whole year, and never was thrown or conquered.
+Mr. Johnson was,' she continues, 'very conversant in the art of boxing.'
+She had heard him descant upon it 'much to the admiration of those who
+had no expectation of his skill in such matters.'
+
+[631] See _ante_, ii. 179, 226, and iv. 211.
+
+[632] See _ante_, p. 98.
+
+[633] See _ante_, i, 110.
+
+[634] See _ante_, i. 398, and ii. 15, 35, 441.
+
+[635] Gibbon, thirteen years later, writing to Lord Sheffield about the
+commercial treaty with France, said (_Misc. Works_, ii. 399):--'I hope
+both nations are gainers; since otherwise it cannot be lasting; and such
+double mutual gain is surely possible in fair trade, though it could not
+easily happen in the mischievous amusements of war and gaming.'
+
+[636] Johnson (_Works_, viii. 139), writing of gratitude and resentment,
+says:--'Though there are few who will practise a laborious virtue,
+there will never be wanting multitudes that will indulge an easy vice.'
+
+[637] _Aul. Gellius_, lib. v. c. xiv. BOSWELL.
+
+[638] 'The difficulties in princes' business are many and great; but the
+greatest difficulty is often in their own mind. For it is common with
+princes, saith Tacitus, to will contradictories. _Sunt plerumque regum
+voluntates vehementes, et inter se contrariae_. For it is the solecism
+of power to think to command the end, and yet not to endure the mean.'
+Bacon's _Essays_, No. xix.
+
+[639] Yet Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale on Sept. 30:--'I am now no longer
+pleased with the delay; you can hear from me but seldom, and I cannot at
+all hear from you. It comes into my mind that some evil may happen.'
+_Piozzi Letters_, i. 148. On Oct. 15 he wrote to Mr. Thrale:--'Having
+for many weeks had no letter, my longings are very great to be informed
+how all things are at home, as you and mistress allow me to call it....
+I beg to have my thoughts set at rest by a letter from you or my
+mistress.' _Ib_. p. 166. See _ante_, iii. 4.
+
+[640] Sir Walter Scott thus describes Dunvegan in 1814:--'The whole
+castle occupies a precipitous mass of rock overhanging the lake, divided
+by two or three islands in that place, which form a snug little harbour
+under the walls. There is a court-yard looking out upon the sea,
+protected by a battery, at least a succession of embrasures, for only
+two guns are pointed, and these unfit for service. The ancient entrance
+rose up a flight of steps cut in the rock, and passed into this
+court-yard through a portal, but this is now demolished. You land under
+the castle, and walking round find yourself in front of it. This was
+originally inaccessible, for a brook coming down on the one side, a
+chasm of the rocks on the other, and a ditch in front, made it
+impervious. But the late Macleod built a bridge over the stream, and the
+present laird is executing an entrance suitable to the character of this
+remarkable fortalice, by making a portal between two advanced towers,
+and an outer court, from which he proposes to throw a draw-bridge over
+to the high rock in front of the castle.' Lockhart's _Scott_, ed.
+1839, iv. 303.
+
+[641]
+
+     'Bella gerant alii; tu, felix Austria, nube;
+      Quae dat Mars aliis, dat tibi regna Venus.'
+
+
+
+[642] Johnson says of this castle:--'It is so nearly entire, that it
+might have easily been made habitable, were there not an ominous
+tradition in the family, that the owner shall not long outlive the
+reparation. The grandfather of the present laird, in defiance of
+prediction, began the work, but desisted in a little time, and applied
+his money to worse uses.' _Works_, ix. 64.
+
+[643] Macaulay (_Essays_, ed. 1843, i. 365) ends a lively piece of
+criticism on Mr. Croker by saying:--'It requires no Bentley or Casaubon
+to perceive that Philarchus is merely a false spelling for Phylarchus,
+the chief of a tribe.'
+
+[644] See _ante_, i. 180.
+
+[645] Sir Walter Scott wrote in 1814:--'The monument is now nearly
+ruinous, and the inscription has fallen down.' Lockhart's _Scott_,
+iv. 308.
+
+[646] 'Wheel carriages they have none, but make a frame of timber, which
+is drawn by one horse, with the two points behind pressing on the
+ground. On this they sometimes drag home their sheaves, but often convey
+them home in a kind of open pannier, or frame of sticks, upon the
+horse's back.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 76. 'The young Laird of Col has
+attempted what no islander perhaps ever thought on. He has begun a road
+capable of a wheel-carriage. He has carried it about a mile.' _Ib_.
+p. 128.
+
+[647] Captain Phipps had sailed in May of this year, and in the
+neighbourhood of Spitzbergen had reached the latitude of more than 80°.
+He returned to England in the end of September. _Gent. Mag_. 1774,
+p. 420.
+
+[648] _Aeneid_, vi. II.
+
+[649] 'In the afternoon, an interval of calm sunshine courted us out to
+see a cave on the shore, famous for its echo. When we went into the
+boat, one of our companions was asked in Erse by the boatmen, who they
+were that came with him. He gave us characters, I suppose to our
+advantage, and was asked, in the spirit of the Highlands, whether I
+could recite a long series of ancestors. The boatmen said, as I
+perceived afterwards, that they heard the cry of an English ghost. This,
+Boswell says, disturbed him.... There was no echo; such is the fidelity
+of report.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 156.
+
+[650] '_Law_ or _low_ signifies a hill: _ex. gr._ Wardlaw, guard hill,
+Houndslow, the dog's hill.' Blackie's _Etymological Geography_, p. 103.
+
+[651] Pepys often mentions them. At first he praises them highly, but of
+one of the later ones--_Tryphon_--he writes:--'The play, though
+admirable, yet no pleasure almost in it, because just the very same
+design, and words, and sense, and plot, as every one of his plays have,
+any one of which would be held admirable, whereas so many of the same
+design and fancy do but dull one another.' Pepys's _Diary_, ed. 1851,
+v. 63.
+
+[652] The second and third earls are passed over by Johnson. It was the
+fourth earl who, as Charles Boyle, had been Bentley's antagonist. Of
+this controversy a full account is given in Lord Macaulay's _Life of
+Atterbury_.
+
+[653] The fifth earl, John. See _ante_, i. 185, and iii. 249.
+
+[654] See _ante_, i. 9, and iii. 154.
+
+[655] See _ante_, ii. 129, and iii. 183.
+
+[656] The young lord was married on the 8th of May, 1728, and the
+father's will is dated the 6th of Nov. following. 'Having,' says the
+testator, 'never observed that my son hath showed much taste or
+inclination, either for the entertainment or knowledge which study and
+learning afford, I give and bequeath all my books and mathematical
+instruments [with certain exceptions] to Christchurch College, in
+Oxford.' CROKER.
+
+[657] His _Life of Swift_ is written in the form of _Letters to his Son,
+the Hon. Hamilton Boyle._ The fifteenth Letter, in which he finishes his
+criticism of _Gulliver's Travels_, affords a good instance of this
+'studied variety of phrase.' 'I may finish my letter,' he writes,
+'especially as the conclusion of it naturally turns my thoughts from
+Yahoos to one of the dearest pledges I have upon earth, yourself, to
+whom I am a most
+
+     Affectionate Father,
+
+     'ORRERY.'
+
+See _ante_, i. 275-284, for Johnson's letters to Thomas Warton, many of
+which end 'in studied varieties of phrase.'
+
+[658] _The Conquest of Granada_ was dedicated to the Duke of York. The
+conclusion is as follows:--'If at any time Almanzor fulfils the parts of
+personal valour and of conduct, of a soldier and of a general; or, if I
+could yet give him a character more advantageous that what he has, of
+the most unshaken friend, the greatest of subjects, and the best of
+masters; I should then draw all the world a true resemblance of your
+worth and virtues; at least as far as they are capable of being copied
+by the mean abilities of,
+
+'Sir,
+
+'Your Royal Highness's
+
+'Most humble, and most
+
+'Obedient servant,
+
+'J. DRYDEN.'
+
+[659] On the day of his coronation he was asked to pardon four young men
+who had broken the law against carrying arms. 'So long as I live,' he
+replied, 'every criminal must die.' 'He was inexorable in individual
+cases; he adhered to his laws with a rigour that amounted to cruelty,
+while in the framing of general rules we find him mild, yielding, and
+placable.' Ranke's _Popes_, ed. 1866, i. 307, 311.
+
+[660] See _ante_, iii. 239, where he discusses the question of shooting
+a highwayman.
+
+[661] In _The Rambler_, No. 78, he says:--'I believe men may be
+generally observed to grow less tender as they advance in age.'
+
+[662] He passed over his own _Life of Savage_.
+
+[663] 'When I was a young fellow, I wanted to write the _Life of Dryden'
+Ante_, iii. 71.
+
+[664] See _ante_, p. 117.
+
+[665] 'I asked a very learned minister in Sky, who had used all arts to
+make me believe the genuineness of the book, whether at last he believed
+it himself; but he would not answer. He wished me to be deceived for the
+honour of his country; but would not directly and formally deceive me.
+Yet has this man's testimony been publickly produced, as of one that
+held _Fingal_ to be the work of Ossian.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 115.
+
+[666] A young lady had sung to him an Erse song. He asked her, 'What is
+that about? I question if she conceived that I did not understand it.
+For the entertainment of the company, said she. But, Madam, what is the
+meaning of it? It is a love song. This was all the intelligence that I
+could obtain; nor have I been able to procure the translation of a
+single line of Erse.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 146. See _post_, Oct. 16
+
+[667] This droll quotation, I have since found, was from a song in
+honour of the Earl of Essex, called _Queen Elisabeth's Champion_, which
+is preserved in a collection of Old Ballads, in three volumes, published
+in London in different years, between 1720 and 1730. The full verse is
+as follows:--
+
+     'Oh! then bespoke the prentices all,
+      Living in London, both proper and tall,
+      In a kind letter sent straight to the Queen,
+      For Essex's sake they would fight all.
+          Raderer too, tandaro te,
+          Raderer, tandorer, tan do re.'
+
+BOSWELL.
+
+[668] La Condamine describes a tribe called the Tameos, on the north
+side of the river Tiger in South America, who have a word for _three_.
+He continues:--'Happily for those who have transactions with them,
+their arithmetic goes no farther. The Brazilian tongue, a language
+spoken by people less savage, is equally barren; the people who speak
+it, where more than three is to be expressed, are obliged to use the
+Portuguese.' Pinkerton's _Voyages_, xiv. 225.
+
+[669] 'It was Addison's practice, when he found any man invincibly
+wrong, to flatter his opinions by acquiescence, and sink him yet deeper
+in absurdity. This artifice of mischief was admired by Stella; and Swift
+seems to approve her admiration.' Johnson's _Works_, vii. 450. Swift, in
+his _Character of Mrs. Johnson _ (Stella), says:--'Whether this
+proceeded from her easiness in general, or from her indifference to
+persons, or from her despair of mending them, or from the same practice
+which she much liked in Mr. Addison, I cannot determine; but when she
+saw any of the company very warm in a wrong opinion, she was more
+inclined to confirm them in it than oppose them. The excuse she commonly
+gave, when her friends asked the reason, was, "That it prevented noise
+and saved time." Swift's _Works_, xiv. 254.
+
+[670] In the Appendix to Blair's _Critical Dissertation on the Poems of
+Ossian_ Macqueen is mentioned as one of his authorities for his
+statements.
+
+[671] See _ante_, iv. 262, note.
+
+[672] I think it but justice to say, that I believe Dr. Johnson meant to
+ascribe Mr. M'Queen's conduct to inaccuracy and enthusiasm, and did not
+mean any severe imputation against him. BOSWELL.
+
+[673] In Baretti's trial (_ante_, ii. 97, note I) he seems to have given
+his evidence clearly. What he had to say, however, was not much.
+
+[674] Boswell had spoken before to Johnson about this omission. _Ante_,
+ii. 92.
+
+[675] It has been triumphantly asked, 'Had not the plays of Shakspeare
+lain dormant for many years before the appearance of Mr. Garrick? Did he
+not exhibit the most excellent of them frequently for thirty years
+together, and render them extremely popular by his own inimitable
+performance?' He undoubtedly did. But Dr. Johnson's assertion has been
+misunderstood. Knowing as well as the objectors what has been just
+stated, he must necessarily have meant, that 'Mr. Garrick did not as _a
+critick_ make Shakspeare better known; he did not _illustrate_ any one
+_passage_ in any of his plays by acuteness of disquisition, or sagacity
+of conjecture: and what had been done with any degree of excellence in
+_that_ way was the proper and immediate subject of his preface. I may
+add in support of this explanation the following anecdote, related to me
+by one of the ablest commentators on Shakspeare, who knew much of Dr.
+Johnson: 'Now I have quitted the theatre, cries Garrick, I will sit down
+and read Shakspeare.' ''Tis time you should, exclaimed Johnson, for I
+much doubt if you ever examined one of his plays from the first scene to
+the last.' BOSWELL. According to Davies (_Life of Garrick_, i. 120)
+during the twenty years' management of Drury Lane by Booth, Wilks and
+Cibber (about 1712-1732) not more than eight or nine of Shakspeare's
+plays were acted, whereas Garrick annually gave the public seventeen or
+eighteen. _Romeo and Juliet_ had lain neglected near 80 years, when in
+1748-9 Garrick brought it out, or rather a hash of it. 'Otway had made
+some alteration in the catastrophe, which Mr. Garrick greatly improved
+by the addition of a scene, which was written with a spirit not unworthy
+of Shakespeare himself.' _Ib_. p. 125. Murphy (_Life of Garrick_, p.
+100), writing of this alteration, says:--'The catastrophe, as it now
+stands, is the most affecting in the whole compass of the drama.' Davies
+says (p. 20) that shortly before Garrick's time 'a taste for Shakespeare
+had been revived. The ladies had formed themselves into a society under
+the title of The Shakespeare Club. They bespoke every week some
+favourite play of his.' This revival was shown in the increasing number
+of readers of Shakespeare. It was in 1741 that Garrick began to act. In
+the previous sixteen years there had been published four editions of
+Pope's _Shakespeare_ and two of Theobald's. In the next ten years were
+published five editions of Hanmer's _Shakespeare_, and two of
+Warburton's, besides Johnson's _Observations on Macbeth. _Lowndes's
+_Bibl. Man._ ed. 1871, p. 2270.
+
+[676] In her foolish _Essay on Shakespeare_, p. 15. See _ante_, ii. 88.
+
+[677] No man has less inclination to controversy than I have,
+particularly with a lady. But as I have claimed, and am conscious of
+being entitled to credit for the strictest fidelity, my respect for the
+publick obliges me to take notice of an insinuation which tends to
+impeach it.
+
+Mrs. Piozzi (late Mrs. Thrale), to her _Anecdotes of Dr. Johnson_, added
+the following postscript:--
+
+'_Naples, Feb._ 10, 1786.
+
+'Since the foregoing went to the press, having seen a passage from Mr.
+Boswell's _Tour to the Hebrides,_ in which it is said, that _I could not
+get through Mrs. Montague's "Essay on Shakspeare,"_ I do not delay a
+moment to declare, that, on the contrary, I have always commended it
+myself, and heard it commended by every one else; and few things would
+give me more concern than to be thought incapable of tasting, or
+unwilling to testify my opinion of its excellence.'
+
+It is remarkable that this postscript is so expressed, as not to point
+out the person who said that Mrs. Thrale could not get through Mrs.
+Montague's book; and therefore I think it necessary to remind Mrs.
+Piozzi, that the assertion concerning her was Dr. Johnson's, and not
+mine. The second observation that I shall make on this postscript is,
+that it does not deny the fact asserted, though I must acknowledge from
+the praise it bestows on Mrs. Montague's book, it may have been designed
+to convey that meaning.
+
+What Mrs. Thrale's opinion is or was, or what she may or may not have
+said to Dr. Johnson concerning Mrs. Montague's book, it is not necessary
+for me to enquire. It is only incumbent on me to ascertain what Dr.
+Johnson said to me. I shall therefore confine myself to a very short
+state of the fact. The unfavourable opinion of Mrs. Montague's book,
+which Dr. Johnson, is here reported to have given, is, known to have
+been that which he uniformly expressed, as many of his friends well
+remember. So much, for the authenticity of the paragraph, as far as it
+relates to his own sentiments. The words containing the assertion, to
+which Mrs. Piozzi objects, are printed from my manuscript Journal, and
+were taken down at the time. The Journal was read by Dr. Johnson, who
+pointed out some inaccuracies, which I corrected, but did not mention
+any inaccuracy in the paragraph in question: and what is still more
+material, and very flattering to me, a considerable part of my Journal,
+containing this paragraph, _was read several years ago by, Mrs. Thrale
+herself _[see _ante_, ii. 383], who had it for some time in her
+possession, and returned it to me, without intimating that Dr. Johnson
+had mistaken her sentiments.
+
+When the first edition of my Journal was passing through the press, it
+occurred to me that a peculiar delicacy was necessary to be observed in
+reporting the opinion of one literary lady concerning the performance of
+another; and I had such scruples on that head, that in the proof sheet I
+struck out the name of Mrs. Thrale from the above paragraph, and two or
+three hundred copies of my book were actually printed and published
+without it; of these Sir Joshua Reynolds's copy happened to be one. But
+while the sheet was working off, a friend, for whose opinion I have
+great respect, suggested that I had no right to deprive Mrs. Thrale of
+the high honour which Dr. Johnson had done her, by stating her opinion
+along with that of Mr. Beauclerk, as coinciding with, and, as it were,
+sanctioning his own. The observation appeared to me so weighty and
+conclusive, that I hastened to the printing-house, and, as a piece of
+justice, restored Mrs. Thrale to that place from which a too scrupulous
+delicacy had excluded her. On this simple state of facts I shall make no
+observation whatever. BOSWELL. This note was first published in the form
+of a letter to the Editor of _The Gazetteer_ on April 17, 1786.
+
+[678] See _ante_, p. 215, for his knowledge of coining and brewing, and
+_post_, p. 263, for his knowledge of threshing and thatching. Now and
+then, no doubt, 'he talked ostentatiously,' as he had at Fort George
+about Gunpowder (_ante_, p. 124). In the _Gent. Mag._ for 1749, p. 55,
+there is a paper on the _Construction of Fireworks_, which I have little
+doubt is his. The following passage is certainly Johnsonian:--'The
+excellency of a rocket consists in the largeness of the train of fire it
+emits, the solemnity of its motion (which should be rather slow at
+first, but augmenting as it rises), the straightness of its flight, and
+the height to which it ascends.'
+
+[679] Perhaps Johnson refers to Stephen Hales's _Statical Essays_
+(London, 1733), in which is an account of experiments made on the blood
+and blood-vessels of animals.
+
+[680] Evidence was given at the Tichborne Trial to shew that it takes
+some years to learn the trade.
+
+[681] Not the very tavern, which was burned down in the great fire. P.
+CUNNINGHAM.
+
+[682] I do not see why I might not have been of this club without
+lessening my character. But Dr. Johnson's caution against supposing
+one's self concealed in London, may be very useful to prevent some
+people from doing many things, not only foolish, but criminal. BOSWELL.
+
+[683] See _ante_, iii. 318.
+
+[684] Johnson defines _airy_ as _gay, sprightly, full of mirth_, &c.
+
+[685] 'A man would be drowned by claret before it made him drunk.'
+_Ante_, iii. 381.
+
+[686] _Ante_, p. 137.
+
+[687] See _ante_ ii. 261.
+
+[688] Lord Chesterfield wrote in 1747 (_Misc. Works_, iv. 231):--
+Drinking is a most beastly vice in every country, but it is really a
+ruinous one to Ireland; nine gentlemen in ten in Ireland are
+impoverished by the great quantity of claret, which from mistaken
+notions of hospitality and dignity, they think it necessary should be
+drunk in their houses. This expense leaves them no room to improve their
+estates by proper indulgence upon proper conditions to their tenants,
+who must pay them to the full, and upon the very day, that they may pay
+their wine-merchants.' In 1754 he wrote (_ib._p.359):--If it would but
+please God by his lightning to blast all the vines in the world, and by
+his thunder to turn all the wines now in Ireland sour, as I most
+sincerely wish he would, Ireland would enjoy a degree of quiet and
+plenty that it has never yet known.'
+
+[689] See _ante_, p. 95.
+
+[690] 'The sea being broken by the multitude of islands does not roar
+with so much noise, nor beat the storm with such foamy violence as I
+have remarked on the coast of Sussex. Though, while I was in the
+Hebrides, the wind was extremely turbulent, I never saw very high
+billows.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 65.
+
+[691] Johnson this day thus wrote of Mr. M'Queen to Mrs. Thrale:--'You
+find that all the islanders even in these recesses of life are not
+barbarous. One of the ministers who has adhered to us almost all the
+time is an excellent scholar.' _Piozzi Letters,_ i. 157.
+
+[692] See _post_, Nov. 6.
+
+[693] This was a dexterous mode of description, for the purpose of his
+argument; for what he alluded to was, a Sermon published by the learned
+Dr. William Wishart, formerly principal of the college at Edinburgh, to
+warn men _against_ confiding in a death-bed _repentance_ of the
+inefficacy of which he entertained notions very different from those of
+Dr. Johnson. BOSWELL.
+
+[694] The Rev. Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. p. 441) thus writes of the
+English clergy whom he met at Harrogate in 1763:--'I had never seen so
+many of them together before, and between this and the following year I
+was able to form a true judgment of them. They are, in general--I mean
+the lower order--divided into bucks and prigs; of which the first,
+though inconceivably ignorant, and sometimes indecent in their morals,
+yet I held them to be most tolerable, because they were unassuming, and
+had no other affectation but that of behaving themselves like gentlemen.
+The other division of them, the prigs, are truly not to be endured, for
+they are but half learned, are ignorant of the world, narrow-minded,
+pedantic, and overbearing. And now and then you meet with a _rara avis_
+who is accomplished and agreeable, a man of the world without
+licentiousness, of learning without pedantry, and pious without
+sanctimony; but this _is_ a _rara avis_'.
+
+[695] See _ante_, i. 446, note 1.
+
+[696] Johnson defines _manage_ in this sense _to train a horse to
+graceful action_, and quotes Young:--
+
+     'They vault from hunters to the managed steed.'
+
+
+
+[697] Of Sir William Forbes of a later generation, Lockhart (_Life of
+Scott_, ix. 179) writes as follows:--'Sir William Forbes, whose
+banking-house was one of Messrs. Ballantyne's chief creditors, crowned
+his generous efforts for Scott's relief by privately paying the whole of
+Abud's demand (nearly £2000) out of his own pocket.'
+
+[698] This scarcity of cash still exists on the islands, in several of
+which five shilling notes are necessarily issued to have some
+circulating medium. If you insist on having change, you must purchase
+something at a shop. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[699] 'The payment of rent in kind has been so long disused in England
+that it is totally forgotten. It was practised very lately in the
+Hebrides, and probably still continues, not only in St. Kilda, where
+money is not yet known, but in others of the smaller and remoter
+islands.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 110.
+
+[700] 'A place where the imagination is more amused cannot easily be
+found. The mountains about it are of great height, with waterfalls
+succeeding one another so fast, that as one ceases to be heard another
+begins.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 157.
+
+[701] See _ante_, i. 159.
+
+[702] Johnson seems to be speaking of Hailes's _Memorials and Letters
+relating to the History of Britain in the reign of James I and of
+Charles I_.
+
+[703] See _ante_, ii. 341.
+
+[704] See _ante_, iii. 91.
+
+[705] 'In all ages of the world priests have been enemies to liberty,
+and it is certain that this steady conduct of theirs must have been
+founded on fixed reasons of interest and ambition. Liberty of thinking
+and of expressing our thoughts is always fatal to priestly power, and to
+those pious frauds on which it is commonly founded.... Hence it must
+happen in such a government as that of Britain, that the established
+clergy, while things are in their natural situation, will always be of
+the _Court_-party; as, on the contrary, dissenters of all kinds will be
+of the _Country_-party.' Hume's _Essays_, Part 1, No. viii.
+
+[706] In the original _Every island's but a prison._ The song is by a
+Mr. Coffey, and is given in Ritson's _English Songs_ (1813), ii. 122.
+It begins:--
+
+     'Welcome, welcome, brother debtor,
+         To this poor but merry place,
+      Where no bailiff, dun, nor setter,
+         Dares to show his frightful face.'
+
+See _ante_, iii. 269.
+
+[707] He wrote to Mrs. Thrale the day before (perhaps it was this day,
+and the copyist blundered):--' I am still in Sky. Do you remember
+the song--
+
+
+We have at one time no boat, and at another may have too much wind; but
+of our reception here we have no reason to complain.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 143.
+
+[708] My ingenuously relating this occasional instance of intemperance
+has I find been made the subject both of serious criticism and ludicrous
+banter. With the banterers I shall not trouble myself, but I wonder that
+those who pretend to the appellation of serious criticks should not have
+had sagacity enough to perceive that here, as in every other part of the
+present work, my principal object was to delineate Dr. Johnson's manners
+and character. In justice to him I would not omit an anecdote, which,
+though in some degree to my own disadvantage, exhibits in so strong a
+light the indulgence and good humour with which he could treat those
+excesses in his friends, of which he highly disapproved.
+
+In some other instances, the criticks have been equally wrong as to the
+true motive of my recording particulars, the objections to which I saw
+as clearly as they. But it would be an endless task for an authour to
+point out upon every occasion the precise object he has in view,
+Contenting himself with the approbation of readers of discernment and
+taste, he ought not to complain that some are found who cannot or will
+not understand him. BOSWELL.
+
+[709] In the original, 'wherein is excess.'
+
+[710] See Chappell's _Popular Music of the Olden Time_, i. 231.
+
+[711] See _ante_, iii. 383.
+
+[712] see _ante_, p. 184.
+
+[713] See _ante_, ii. 120, where he took upon his knee a young woman who
+came to consult him on the subject of Methodism.
+
+[714] See _ante_, pp. 215, 246.
+
+[715] See _ante_, iv. 176.
+
+[716]
+
+     'If ev'ry wheel of that unwearied mill
+      That turned ten thousand verses now stands still.'
+
+_Imitations of Horace, 2 Epis._ ii. 78.
+
+[717] _Ante_, p. 206.
+
+[718]
+
+     'Nescio qua natale solum dulcedine captos
+      Ducit.'--Ovid, _Ex Pont_. i. 3. 35.
+
+
+[719] Lift up your hearts.
+
+[720] Mr. Croker prints the following letter written to Macleod the day
+before:--
+
+     'Ostig, 28th Sept. 1773.
+
+'DEAR SIR,--We are now on the margin of the sea, waiting for a boat and
+a wind. Boswell grows impatient; but the kind treatment which I find
+wherever I go, makes me leave, with some heaviness of heart, an island
+which I am not very likely to see again. Having now gone as far as
+horses can carry us, we thankfully return them. My steed will, I hope,
+be received with kindness;--he has borne me, heavy as I am, over ground
+both rough and steep, with great fidelity; and for the use of him, as
+for your other favours, I hope you will believe me thankful, and
+willing, at whatever distance we may be placed, to shew my sense of your
+kindness, by any offices of friendship that may fall within my power.
+
+'Lady Macleod and the young ladies have, by their hospitality and
+politeness, made an impression on my mind, which will not easily be
+effaced. Be pleased to tell them, that I remember them with great
+tenderness, and great respect.--I am, Sir, your most obliged and most
+humble servant,
+
+'SAM. JOHNSON.'
+
+'P.S.--We passed two days at Talisker very happily, both by the
+pleasantness of the place and elegance of our reception.'
+
+[721] Johnson (_Works_, viii. 409), after describing how Shenstone laid
+out the Leasowes, continues:--'Whether to plant a walk in undulating
+curves, and to place a bench at every turn where there is an object to
+catch the view; to make water run where it will be heard, and to
+stagnate where it will be seen; to leave intervals where the eye will be
+pleased, and to thicken the plantation where there is something to be
+hidden, demands any great powers of mind, I will not inquire: perhaps a
+surly and sullen speculator may think such performances rather the sport
+than the business of human reason.'
+
+[722] Johnson quotes this and the two preceding stanzas as 'a passage,
+to which if any mind denies its sympathy, it has no acquaintance with
+love or nature.' _Ib_. p. 413.
+
+[723] 'His mind was not very comprehensive, nor his curiosity active; he
+had no value for those parts of knowledge which he had not himself
+cultivated.' _Ib._ p. 411.
+
+[724] In the preface to vol. iii. of Shenstone's _Works_, ed. 1773, a
+quotation is given (p. vi) from one of the poet's letters in which he
+complains of this burning. He writes:--'I look upon my Letters as some of
+my _chef-d'auvres_.' On p. 301, after mentioning _Rasselas_, he
+continues:--'Did I tell you I had a letter from Johnson, inclosing
+Vernon's _Parish-clerk_?'
+
+[725] 'The truth is these elegies have neither passion, nature, nor
+manners. Where there is fiction, there is no passion: he that describes
+himself as a shepherd, and his Neaera or Delia as a shepherdess, and
+talks of goats and lambs, feels no passion. He that courts his mistress
+with Roman imagery deserves to lose her; for she may with good reason
+suspect his sincerity.' Johnson's _Works_, viii. 91. See _ante_, iv. 17.
+
+[726] His lines on Pulteney, Earl of Bath, still deserve some fame:--
+
+     'Leave a blank here and there in each page
+      To enrol the fair deeds of his youth!
+      When you mention the acts of his age,
+      Leave a blank for his honour and truth.'
+
+From _The Statesman_, H. C. Williams's _Odes_, p. 47.
+
+[727] Hamlet, act ii. sc. 2.
+
+[728] He did not mention the name of any particular person; but those
+who are conversant with the political world will probably recollect more
+persons than one to whom this observation may be applied. BOSWELL. Mr.
+Croker thinks that Lord North was meant. For his ministry Johnson
+certainly came to have a great contempt (_ante_, iv. 139). If Johnson
+was thinking of him, he differed widely in opinion from Gibbon, who
+describes North as 'a consummate master of debate, who could wield with
+equal dexterity the arms of reason and of ridicule.' Gibbon's _Misc.
+Works_, i. 221. On May 2, 1775, he wrote:--' If they turned out Lord
+North to-morrow, they would still leave him one of the best companions
+in the kingdom.' _Ib._ ii. 135.
+
+[729] Horace Walpole is speaking of this work, when he wrote on May 16,
+1759 (_Letters_, iii. 227):--'Dr. Young has published a new book, on
+purpose, he says himself, to have an opportunity of telling a story that
+he has known these forty years. Mr. Addison sent for the young Lord
+Warwick, as he was dying, to shew him in what peace a Christian could
+die--unluckily he died of brandy--nothing makes a Christian die in
+peace like being maudlin! but don't say this in Gath, where you are.'
+
+[730] 'His [Young's] plan seems to have started in his mind at the
+present moment; and his thoughts appear the effect of chance, sometimes
+adverse, and sometimes lucky, with very little operation of judgment....
+His verses are formed by no certain model; he is no more like himself in
+his different productions than he is like others. He seems never to have
+studied prosody, nor to have had any direction but from his own ear. But
+with all his defects, he was a man of genius and a poet.' Johnson's
+_Works_, viii. 458, 462. Mrs. Piozzi (_Synonymy_, ii. 371) tells why
+'Dr. Johnson despised Young's quantity of common knowledge as
+comparatively small. 'Twas only because, speaking once upon the subject
+of metrical composition, he seemed totally ignorant of what are called
+rhopalick verses, from the Greek word, a club--verses in which each word
+must be a syllable longer than that which goes before, such as:
+
+     Spes deus aeternae stationis conciliator.'
+
+
+[731] He had said this before. _Ante_, ii. 96.
+
+[732]
+
+     'Brunetta's wise in actions great and rare,
+      But scorns on trifles to bestow her care.
+      Thus ev'ry hour Brunetta is to blame,
+      Because th' occasion is beneath her aim.
+      Think nought a trifle, though it small appear;
+      Small sands the mountains, moments make the year,
+      And trifles life. Your care to trifles give,
+      Or you may die before you truly live.'
+
+_Love of Fame_, Satire vi. Johnson often taught that life is made up of
+trifles. See _ante_, i. 433.
+
+[733]
+
+     "But hold," she cries, "lampooner, have a care;
+      Must I want common sense, because I'm fair?"
+      O no: see Stella; her eyes shine as bright,
+      As if her tongue was never in the right;
+      And yet what real learning, judgment, fire!
+      She seems inspir'd, and can herself inspire:
+      How then (if malice rul'd not all the fair)
+      Could Daphne publish, and could she forbear?
+      We grant that beauty is no bar to sense,
+      Nor is't a sanction for impertinence.
+
+_Love of Fame_, Satire v.
+
+[734] Johnson called on Young's son at Welwyn in June, 1781. _Ante_, iv.
+119. Croft, in his _Life of Young_ (Johnson's _Works_, viii. 453), says
+that 'Young and his housekeeper were ridiculed with more ill-nature than
+wit in a kind of novel published by Kidgell in 1755, called _The Card_,
+under the name of Dr. Elwes and Mrs. Fusby.'
+
+[735] _Memoirs of Philip Doddridge_, ed. 1766, p. 171.
+
+[736] So late as 1783 he said 'this Hanoverian family is isolée here.'
+_Ante_, iv. 165.
+
+[737] See _ante_, ii. 81, where he hoped that 'this gloom of infidelity
+was only a transient cloud.'
+
+[738] Boswell has recorded this saying, _ante_, iv. 194.
+
+[739] In 1755 an English version of this work had been published. _Gent.
+Mag_. 1755, p. 574. In the Chronological Catalogue on p. 343 in vol. 66
+of Voltaire's _Works_, ed. 1819, it is entered as _'Histoire de la
+Guerre de_ 1741, fondue en partie dans le _Précis du siècle de
+Louis XV_.'
+
+[740] Boswell is here merely repeating Johnson's words, who on April 11
+of this year, advising him to keep a journal, had said, 'The great thing
+to be recorded is the state of your own mind.' _Ante_, ii. 217.
+
+[741] This word is not in his _Dictionary_.
+
+[742] See _ante_, i. 498.
+
+[743] See _ante_, ii. 61, 335; iii. 375, and _post_, under Nov. 11.
+
+[744] Beattie had attacked Hume in his _Essay on Truth_ (_ante_, ii. 201
+and v. 29). Reynolds this autumn had painted Beattie in his gown of an
+Oxford Doctor of Civil Law, with his _Essay_ under his arm. 'The angel
+of Truth is going before him, and beating down the Vices, Envy,
+Falsehood, &c., which are represented by a group of figures falling at
+his approach, and the principal head in this group is made an exact
+likeness of Voltaire. When Dr. Goldsmith saw this picture, he was very
+indignant at it, and said:--"It very ill becomes a man of your eminence
+and character, Sir Joshua, to condescend to be a mean flatterer, or to
+wish to degrade so high a genius as Voltaire before so mean a writer as
+Dr. Beattie; for Dr. Beattie and his book together will, in the space of
+ten years, not be known ever to have been in existence, but your
+allegorical picture and the fame of Voltaire will live for ever to your
+disgrace as a flatterer."' Northcote's _Reynolds_, i. 300. Another of
+the figures was commonly said to be a portrait of Hume; but Forbes
+(_Life of Beattie_, ed. 1824, p. 158) says he had reason to believe that
+Sir Joshua had no thought either of Hume or Voltaire. Beattie's _Essay_
+is so much a thing of the past that Dr. J. H. Burton does not, I
+believe, take the trouble ever to mention it in his _Life of Hume_.
+Burns did not hold with Goldsmith, for he took Beattie's side:--
+
+     'Hence sweet harmonious Beattie sung
+               His _Minstrel_ lays;
+      Or tore, with noble ardour stung,
+               The _Sceptic's_ bays.'
+
+(_The Vision_, part ii.)
+
+[745] See _ante_, ii. 441.
+
+[746] William Tytler published in 1759 an _Examination of the Histories
+of Dr. Robertson and Mr. Hume with respect to Mary Queen of Scots_. It
+was reviewed by Johnson. _Ante_, i. 354.
+
+[747] Johnson's _Rasselas_ was published in either March or April, and
+Goldsmith's _Polite Learning_ in April of 1759.I do not find that they
+published any other works at the same time. If these are the works
+meant, we have a proof that the two writers knew each other earlier than
+was otherwise known.
+
+[748] 'A learned prelate accidentally met Bentley in the days of
+_Phalaris_; and after having complimented him on that noble piece of
+criticism (the _Answer_ to the Oxford Writers) he bad him not be
+discouraged at this run upon him, for tho' they had got the laughers on
+their side, yet mere wit and raillery could not long hold out against a
+work of so much merit. To which the other replied, "Indeed Dr. S.
+[Sprat], I am in no pain about the matter. For I hold it as certain,
+that no man was ever written out of reputation but by himself."'
+_Warburton on Pope_, iv. 159, quoted in Person's _Tracts_, p. 345.
+'Against personal abuse,' says Hawkins (_Life_, p. 348), 'Johnson was
+ever armed by a reflection that I have heard him utter:--"Alas!
+reputation would be of little worth, were it in the power of every
+concealed enemy to deprive us of it."' He wrote to Baretti:--'A man of
+genius has been seldom ruined but by himself.' _Ante_, i. 381. Voltaire
+in his _Essay Sur les inconvéniens attachés à la Littérature_ (_Works_,
+ed. 1819, xliii. 173), after describing all that an author does to win
+the favour of the critics, continues:--'Tous vos soins n'empêchent pas
+que quelque journaliste ne vous déchire. Vous lui répondez; il réplique;
+vous avez un procès par écrit devant le public, qui condamne les deux
+parties au ridicule.' See _ante_, ii. 61, note 4.
+
+[749] However advantageous attacks may be, the feelings with which they
+are regarded by authors are better described by Fielding when he
+says:--'Nor shall we conclude the injury done this way to be very
+slight, when we consider a book as the author's offspring, and indeed as
+the child of his brain. The reader who hath suffered his muse to
+continue hitherto in a virgin state can have but a very inadequate idea
+of this kind of paternal fondness. To such we may parody the tender
+exclamation of Macduff, "Alas! thou hast written no book."' _Tom Jones_,
+bk. xi. ch. 1.
+
+[750] It is strange that Johnson should not have known that the
+_Adventures of a Guinea_ was written by a namesake of his own, Charles
+Johnson. Being disqualified for the bar, which was his profession, by a
+supervening deafness, he went to India, and made some fortune, and died
+there about 1800. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[751] Salusbury, not Salisbury.
+
+[752] Horace Walpole (_Letters_, .ii 57) mentions in 1746 his cousin Sir
+John Philipps, of Picton Castle; 'a noted Jacobite.'... He thus mentions
+Lady Philipps in 1788 when she was 'very aged.' 'They have a favourite
+black, who has lived with them a great many years, and is remarkably
+sensible. To amuse Lady Philipps under a long illness, they had read to
+her the account of the Pelew Islands. Somebody happened to say we were
+sending a ship thither; the black, who was in the room, exclaimed, "Then
+there is an end of their happiness." What a satire on Europe!' _Ib_.
+ix. 157.
+
+Lady Philips was known to Johnson through Miss Williams, to whom, as a
+note in Croker's _Boswell_ (p. 74) shews, she made a small yearly
+allowance.
+
+[753] 'To teach the minuter decencies and inferiour duties, to regulate
+the practice of daily conversation, to correct those depravities which
+are rather ridiculous than criminal, and remove those grievances which,
+if they produce no lasting calamities, impress hourly vexation, was
+first attempted by Casa in his book of _Manners_, and Castiglione in his
+_Courtier_; two books yet celebrated in Italy for purity and elegance.'
+Johnson's _Works_, vii. 428. _The Courtier_ was translated into English
+so early as 1561. Lowndes's _Bibl. Man_. ed. 1871, p. 386.
+
+[754] Burnet (_History of His Own Time_, ii. 296) mentions Whitby among
+the persons who both managed and directed the controversial war' against
+Popery towards the end of Charles II's reign. 'Popery,' he says, 'was
+never so well understood by the nation as it came to be upon this
+occasion.' Whitby's Commentary _on the New Testament_ was published
+in 1703-9.
+
+[755] By Henry Mackenzie, the author of _The Man of Feeling. Ante_, i.
+360. It had been published anonymously this spring. The play of the same
+name is by Macklin. It was brought out in 1781.
+
+[756] No doubt Sir A. Macdonald. _Ante_, p. 148. This 'penurious
+gentleman' is mentioned again, p. 315.
+
+[757] Molière's play of _L'Avare_.
+
+[758]
+
+     '...facit indignatio versum.'
+
+Juvenal, _Sat_. i. 79.
+
+[759] See _ante_, iii. 252.
+
+[760] He was sixty-four.
+
+[761] Still, perhaps, in the _Western Isles_, 'It may be we shall touch
+the Happy Isles.' Tennyson's _Ulysses._
+
+[762] See _ante_, ii, 51.
+
+[763] See _ante_, ii. 150.
+
+[764] Sir Alexander Macdonald.
+
+[765] 'To be or not to be: that is the question.' _Hamlet_, act iii. sc.
+1.
+
+[766] Virgil, _Eclogues_, iii. III.
+
+[767] 'The stormy Hebrides.' Milton's _Lycidas_, 1. 156.
+
+[768] Boswell was thinking of the passage (p. xxi.) in which Hawkesworth
+tells how one of Captain Cook's ships was saved by the wind falling.
+'If,' he writes, 'it was a natural event, providence is out of the
+question; at least we can with no more propriety say that providentially
+the wind ceased, than that providentially the sun rose in the morning.
+If it was not,' &c. According to Malone the attacks made on Hawkesworth
+in the newspapers for this passage 'affected him so much that from low
+spirits he was seized with a nervous fever, which on account of the high
+living he had indulged in had the more power on him; and he is supposed
+to have put an end to his life by intentionally taking an immoderate
+dose of opium.' Prior's _Malone_, p. 441. Mme. D'Arblay says that these
+attacks shortened his life. _Memoirs of Dr. Burney_, i. 278. He died on
+Nov. 17 of this year. See _ante_, i. 252, and ii. 247.
+
+[769] 'After having been detained by storms many days at Sky we left it,
+as we thought, with a fair wind; but a violent gust, which Bos had a
+great mind to call a tempest, forced us into Col.' _Piozzi Letters_, i.
+167. 'The wind blew against us in a short time with such violence, that
+we, being no seasoned sailors, were willing to call it a tempest... The
+master knew not well whither to go; and our difficulties might, perhaps,
+have filled a very pathetick page, had not Mr. Maclean of Col... piloted
+us safe into his own harbour.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 117. Sir Walter
+Scott says, 'Their risque, in a sea full of islands, was very
+considerable. Indeed, the whole expedition was highly perilous,
+considering the season of the year, the precarious chance of getting
+sea-worthy boats, and the ignorance of the Hebrideans, who,
+notwithstanding the opportunities, I may say the _necessities_, of their
+situation, are very careless and unskilful sailors.' Croker's
+_Boswell_, p. 362.
+
+[770] For as the tempest drives, I shape my way. FRANCIS. [Horace,
+_Epistles_, i. 1. 15.] BOSWELL.
+
+[771]
+
+     'Imberbus juvenis, tandem custode remoto,
+      Gaudet equis canibusque, et aprici gramine campi.'
+     'The youth, whose will no froward tutor bounds,
+      Joys in the sunny field, his horse and hounds.'
+
+FRANCIS. Horace, _Ars Poet_. 1. 161.
+
+[772] _Henry VI_, act i. sc. 2.
+
+[773] See _ante_, i. 468, and iii. 306.
+
+[774] Johnson describes him as 'a gentleman who has lived some time in
+the East Indies, but, having dethroned no nabob, is not too rich to
+settle in his own country.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 117.
+
+[775] This curious exhibition may perhaps remind some of my readers of
+the ludicrous lines, made, during Sir Robert Walpole's administration,
+on Mr. George (afterwards Lord) Lyttelton, though the figures of the two
+personages must be allowed to be very different:--
+
+     'But who is this astride the pony;
+      So long, so lean, so lank, so bony?
+      Dat be de great orator, Littletony.'
+
+BOSWELL.
+
+These lines were beneath a caricature called _The Motion_, described by
+Horace Walpole in his letter of March 25, 1741, and said by Mr.
+Cunningham to be 'the earliest good political caricature that we
+possess.' Walpole's _Letters_, i. 66. Mr. Croker says that 'the exact
+words are:--
+
+     bony? O he be de great orator Little-Tony.'
+
+[776] See _ante_, ii. 213.
+
+[777] In 1673 Burnet, who was then Professor of Theology in Glasgow,
+dedicated to Lauderdale _A Vindication of the Authority, &c., of the
+Church and State of Scotland_. In it he writes of the Duke's 'noble
+character, and more lasting and inward characters of his princely mind.'
+
+[778] See _ante_, i. 450.
+
+[779] See _ante_, p. 250.
+
+[780] 'Others have considered infinite space as the receptacle, or
+rather the habitation of the Almighty; but the noblest and most exalted
+way of considering this infinite space, is that of Sir Isaac Newton, who
+calls it the _sensorium_ of the Godhead. Brutes and men have their
+_sensoriola_, or little _sensoriums_, by which they apprehend the
+presence, and perceive the actions, of a few objects that lie contiguous
+to them. Their knowledge and observation turn within a very narrow
+circle. But as God Almighty cannot but perceive and know everything in
+which he resides, infinite space gives room to infinite knowledge, and
+is, as it were, an organ to Omniscience.' Addison, _The Spectator_,
+No. 565.
+
+[781] 'Le célèbre philosophe Leibnitz ... attaqua ces expressions du
+philosophe anglais, dans une lettre qu'il écrivit en 1715 à la feue
+reine d'Angleterre, épouse de George II. Cette princesse, digne d'être
+en commerce avec Leibnitz et Newton, engagea une dispute reglée par
+lettres entre les deux parties. Mais Newton, ennemi de toute dispute et
+avare de son temps, laissa le docteur Clarke, son disciple en physique,
+et pour le moins son égal en métaphysique, entrer pour lui dans la lice.
+La dispute roula sur presque toutes les idées métaphysiques de Newton,
+et c'est peut-être le plus beau monument que nous ayons des combats
+littéraires.' Voltaire's _Works_, ed. 1819, xxviii. 44.
+
+[782] See _ante_, iii. 248.
+
+[783] See _ante_, iv. 295, where Boswell asked Johnson 'if he would not
+have done more good if he had been more gentle.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; I
+have done more good as I am. Obscenity and impiety have always been
+repressed in my company.'
+
+[784] 'Mr. Maclean has the reputation of great learning: he is
+seventy-seven years old, but not infirm, with a look of venerable
+dignity, excelling what I remember in any other man. His conversation
+was not unsuitable to his appearance. I lost some of his good will by
+treating a heretical writer with more regard than in his opinion a
+heretick could deserve. I honoured his orthodoxy, and did not much
+censure his asperity. A man who has settled his opinions does not love
+to have the tranquillity of his conviction disturbed; and at
+seventy-seven it is time to be in earnest.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 118.
+
+[785] 'Mr. Maclean has no publick edifice for the exercise of his
+ministry, and can officiate to no greater number than a room can
+contain; and the room of a hut is not very large... The want of churches
+is not the only impediment to piety; there is likewise a want of
+ministers. A parish often contains more islands than one... All the
+provision made by the present ecclesiastical constitution for the
+inhabitants of about a hundred square miles is a prayer and sermon in a
+little room once in three weeks.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 118.
+
+[786]
+
+     'Our Polly is a sad slut, nor heeds
+        what we have taught her.
+      I wonder any man alive will
+        ever rear a daughter.
+      For she must have both hoods
+        and gowns, and hoops to
+        swell her pride,
+      With scarfs and stays, and
+        gloves and lace; and she
+        will have men beside;
+      And when she's drest with care
+        and cost, all-tempting, fine and gay,
+      As men should serve a cucumber,
+        she flings herself away.'
+
+Air vii.
+
+[787] See _ante_, p. 162.
+
+[788] In 1715.
+
+[789]
+
+     'When Ajax strives some rock's vast weight to throw,
+      The line too labours, and the words move slow.'
+
+Pope, _Essay on Criticism_, l. 370.
+
+[790] Johnson's remark on these stones is curious as shewing that he had
+not even a glimpse of the discoveries to be made by geology. After
+saying that 'no account can be given' of the position of one of the
+stones, he continues:--'There are so many important things of which
+human knowledge can give no account, that it may be forgiven us if we
+speculate no longer on two stones in Col.' _Works_, ix. 122. See _ante_,
+ii. 468, for his censure of Brydone's 'anti-mosaical remark.'
+
+[791]
+
+     'Malo me Galatea petit, lasciva puella.'
+     'My Phillis me with pelted apples plies.'
+
+DRYDEN. Virgil, _Eclogues_, iii. 64.
+
+[792]
+
+     'The helpless traveller, with wild surprise,
+      Sees the dry desert all around him rise,
+      And smother'd in the dusty whirlwind dies.'
+
+_Cato_ act ii. sc. 6.
+
+[793] Johnson seems unwilling to believe this. 'I am not of opinion that
+by any surveys or land-marks its [the sand's] limits have been ever
+fixed, or its progression ascertained. If one man has confidence enough
+to say that it advances, nobody can bring any proof to support him in
+denying it.' _Works_, ix. 122. He had seen land in like manner laid
+waste north of Aberdeen; where 'the owner, when he was required to pay
+the usual tax, desired rather to resign the ground.' _Ib_. p. 15.
+
+[794] _Box_, in this sense, is not in Johnson's _Dictionary_.
+
+[795] See _ante_, ii. 100, and iv. 274.
+
+[796] In the original, _Rich windows. A Long Story_, l. 7.
+
+[797] 'And this according to the philosophers is happiness.' Boswell
+says of Crabbe's poem _The Village_, that 'its sentiments as to the
+false notions of rustick happiness and rustick virtue were quite
+congenial with Johnson's own.' _Ante_, iv. 175.
+
+[798] 'This innovation was considered by Mr. Macsweyn as the idle
+project of a young head, heated with English fancies; but he has now
+found that turnips will really grow, and that hungry sheep and cows will
+really eat them.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 121. 'The young laird is heir,
+perhaps, to 300 square miles of land, which, at ten shillings an acre,
+would bring him £96,000 a year. He is desirous of improving the
+agriculture of his country; and, in imitation of the Czar, travelled for
+improvement, and worked with his own hands upon a farm in
+Hertfordshire.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 168.
+
+[799] 'In more fruitful countries the removal of one only makes room for
+the succession of another; but in the Hebrides the loss of an inhabitant
+leaves a lasting vacuity; for nobody born in any other parts of the
+world will choose this country for his residence.' Johnson's
+_Works_, ix. 93.
+
+[800] 'In 1628 Daillé wrote his celebrated book, _De l'usage des Pères_,
+or _Of the Use of the Fathers_. Dr. Fleetwood, Bishop of Ely, said of it
+that he thought the author had pretty sufficiently proved they were of
+_no use_ at all.' Chalmers's _Biog. Dict_. xi. 209.
+
+[801] _Enquiry after Happiness_, by Richard Lucas, D.D., 1685.
+
+[802] _Divine Dialogues_, by Henry More, D.D. See _ante_, ii. 162, note
+I.
+
+[803] By David Gregory, the second of the sixteen professors which the
+family of Gregory gave to the Universities. _Ante_, p. 48.
+
+[804] 'Johnson's landlord and next neighbour in Bolt-court.' _Ante_,
+iii. 141.
+
+[805] 'Cuper's Gardens, near the south bank of the Thames, opposite to
+Somerset House. The gardens were illuminated, and the company
+entertained by a band of music and fireworks; but this, with other
+places of the same kind, has been lately discontinued by an act that has
+reduced the number of these seats of luxury and dissipation.' Dodsley's
+_London and its Environs_, ed. 1761, ii. 209. The Act was the 25th
+George II, for 'preventing robberies and regulating places of public
+entertainment.' _Parl. Hist_. xiv. 1234.
+
+[806] 'Mr. Johnson,' according to Mr. Langton, 'used to laugh at a
+passage in Carte's _Life of the Duke of Ormond,_ where he gravely
+observes "that he was always in full dress when he went to court; too
+many being in the practice of going thither with double lapells."'
+_Boswelliana_, p. 274. The following is the passage:--'No severity of
+weather or condition of health served him for a reason of not observing
+that decorum of dress which he thought a point of respect to persons and
+places. In winter time people were allowed to come to court with
+double-breasted coats, a sort of undress. The duke would never take
+advantage of that indulgence; but let it be never so cold, he always
+came in his proper habit, and indeed the king himself always did the
+same, though too many neglected his example to make use of the liberty
+he was pleased to allow.' Carte's _Life of Ormond_, iv. 693. See _ante_,
+i. 42. It was originally published in _three_ volumes folio in 1735-6.
+
+[807] Seneca's two epigrams on Corsica are quoted in Boswell's
+_Corsica_, first edition, p. 13. Boswell, in one of his _Hypochondriacks
+(London Mag._ 1778, p. 173), says:--'For Seneca I have a double
+reverence, both for his own worth, and because he was the heathen sage
+whom my grandfather constantly studied.'
+
+[808] 'Very near the house of Maclean stands the castle of Col, which
+was the mansion of the Laird till the house was built.... On the wall
+was, not long ago, a stone with an inscription, importing, that if any
+man of the clan of Maclonich shall appear before this castle, though he
+come at midnight, with a man's head in his hand, he shall there find
+safety and protection against all but the king. This is an old Highland
+treaty made upon a very memorable occasion. Maclean, the son of John
+Gerves, who recovered Col, and conquered Barra, had obtained, it is
+said, from James the Second, a grant of the lands of Lochiel, forfeited,
+I suppose, by some offence against the state. Forfeited estates were not
+in those days quietly resigned; Maclean, therefore, went with an armed
+force to seize his new possessions, and, I know not for what reason,
+took his wife with him. The Camerons rose in defence of their chief, and
+a battle was fought at Loch Ness, near the place where Fort Augustus now
+stands, in which Lochiel obtained the victory, and Maclean, with his
+followers, was defeated and destroyed. The lady fell into the hands of
+the conquerors, and, being found pregnant, was placed in the custody of
+Maclonich, one of a tribe or family branched from Cameron, with orders,
+if she brought a boy, to destroy him, if a girl, to spare her.
+Maclonich's wife, who was with child likewise, had a girl about the same
+time at which Lady Maclean brought a boy; and Maclonich, with more
+generosity to his captive than fidelity to his trust, contrived that the
+children should be changed. Maclean, being thus preserved from death, in
+time recovered his original patrimony; and, in gratitude to his friend,
+made his castle a place of refuge to any of the clan that should think
+himself in danger; and, as a proof of reciprocal confidence, Maclean
+took upon himself and his posterity the care of educating the heir of
+Maclonich.' Johnson's _Works,_ ix. 130.
+
+[809] 'Mr. Croker tells us that the great Marquis of Montrose was
+beheaded at Edinburgh in 1650. There is not a forward boy at any school
+in England who does not know that the Marquis was hanged.' Macaulay's
+_Essays_, ed. 1843, i. 357
+
+[810] It is observable that men of the first rank spelt very ill in the
+last century. In the first of these letters I have preserved the
+original spelling. BOSWELL.
+
+[811] See _ante,_ i., 127.
+
+[812] Muir-fowl is grouse. _Ante_ p. 44.
+
+[813] See ante, p. 162, note 1.
+
+[814] 'In Col only two houses pay the window tax; for only two have six
+windows, which, I suppose, are the laird's and Mr. Macsweyn's.'
+Johnson's _Works_, ix. 125. 'The window tax, as it stands at present
+(January 1775)...lays a duty upon every window, which in England
+augments gradually from twopence, the lowest rate upon houses with not
+more than seven windows, to two shillings, the highest rate upon houses
+with twenty-five windows and upwards.' _Wealth of Nations,_ v. 2. 2 .1.
+The tax was first imposed in 1695, as a substitute for hearth money.
+Macaulay's _England,_ ed. 1874, vii. 271. It was abolished in 1851.
+
+[815] Thomas Carlyle was not fourteen when, one 'dark frosty November
+morning,' he set off on foot for the University at Edinburgh--a distance
+of nearly one hundred miles. Froude's _Carlyle_, i. 22.
+
+[816] _Ante_, p. 290.
+
+[817] _Of the Nature and Use of Lots: a Treatise historicall and
+theologicall._ By Thomas Gataker. London, 1619. _The Spirituall Watch,
+or Christ's Generall Watch-word._ By Thomas Gataker. London, 1619.
+
+[818] See _ante_, p. 264.
+
+[819] He visited it with the Thrales on Sept. 22, 1774, when returning
+from his tour to Wales, and with Boswell in 1776 (_ante_, ii. 451).
+
+[820] Mr. Croker says that 'this, no doubt, alludes to Jacob Bryant, the
+secretary or librarian at Blenheim, with whom Johnson had had perhaps
+some coolness now forgotten.' The supposition of the coolness seems
+needless. With so little to go upon, guessing is very hazardous.
+
+[821] Topham Beauclerk, who had married the Duke's sister, after she had
+been divorced for adultery with him from her first husband Viscount
+Bolingbroke. _Ante_, ii. 246, note 1.
+
+[822] See _post_, Dempster's Letter of Feb. 16, 1775.
+
+[823] See _ante_, ii. 340, where Johnson said that 'if he were a
+gentleman of landed property, he would turn out all his tenants who did
+not vote for the candidate whom he supported.'
+
+[824] See _ante_, iii. 378.
+
+[825] 'They have opinions which cannot be ranked with superstition,
+because they regard only natural effects. They expect better crops of
+grain by sowing their seed in the moon's increase. The moon has great
+influence in vulgar philosophy. In my memory it was a precept annually
+given in one of the English almanacks, "to kill hogs when the moon was
+increasing, and the bacon would prove the better in boiling."' Johnson's
+_Works,_ ix. 104. Bacon, in his _Natural History_(No.892) says:--'For
+the increase of moisture, the opinion received is, that seeds will grow
+soonest if they be set in the increase of the moon.'
+
+[826] The question which Johnson asked with such unusual warmth might
+have been answered, 'by sowing the bent, or couch grass.' WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[827] See _ante,_ i. 484.
+
+[828] See _ante_, i. 483.
+
+[829] It is remarkable, that Dr. Johnson should have read this account
+of some of his own peculiar habits, without saying any thing on the
+subject, which I hoped he would have done. BOSWELL. See _ante_, p. 128,
+note 2, and iv. 183, where Boswell 'observed he must have been a bold
+laugher who would have ventured to tell Dr. Johnson of any of his
+peculiarities.'
+
+[830] In this he was very unlike Swift, who, in his youth, when
+travelling in England, 'generally chose to dine with waggoners,
+hostlers, and persons of that rank; and he used to lie at night in
+houses where he found written of the door _Lodgings for a penny_. He
+delighted in scenes of low life.' Lord Orrery's _Swift_, ed. 1752,
+p. 33.
+
+[831] This is from the _Jests of Hierocles._ CROKER.
+
+[832] 'The grave a gay companion shun.' FRANCIS. Horace, 1 _Epis._
+xviii. 89.
+
+[833] Boswell in 1776 found that 'oats were much used as food in Dr.
+Johnson's own town.' _Ante_, ii. 463.
+
+[834] _Ante_, i. 294.
+
+[835] See _ante_, ii. 258.
+
+[836] 'The richness of the round steep green knolls, clothed with copse,
+and glancing with cascades, and a pleasant peep at a small fresh-water
+loch embosomed among them--the view of the bay, surrounded and guarded
+by the island of Colvay--the gliding of two or three vessels in the more
+distant Sound--and the row of the gigantic Ardnamurchan mountains
+closing the scene to the north, almost justify the eulogium of
+Sacheverell, [_post,_ p. 336] who, in 1688, declared the bay of
+Tobermory might equal any prospect in Italy.' Lockhart's _Scott,_
+iv. 338.
+
+[837] 'The saying of the old philosopher who observes, that he who wants
+least is most like the gods who want nothing, was a favourite sentence
+with Dr. Johnson, who, on his own part, required less attendance, sick
+or well, than ever I saw any human creature. Conversation was all he
+required to make him happy.' Piozzi's _Anec._ p. 275.
+
+[838] _Remarks on Several Parts of Italy_ (_ante_, ii. 346). Johnson
+(_Works_, vii. 424) says of these _Travels_:--'Of many parts it is not a
+very severe censure to say that they might have been written at home.'
+He adds that 'the book, though awhile neglected, became in time so much
+the favourite of the publick, that before it was reprinted it rose to
+five times its price.'
+
+[839] See _ante_, iii. 254, and iv. 237.
+
+[840] Johnson (_Works_, viii. 320) says of Pope that 'he had before him
+not only what his own meditation suggested, but what he had found in
+other writers that might be _accomodated_ to his present purpose.'
+Boswell's use of the word is perhaps derived, as Mr. Croker suggests,
+from _accommoder_, in the sense of _dressing up or cooking meats_. This
+word occurs in an amusing story that Boswell tells in one of his
+Hypochondriacks (_London Mag_. 1779, p. 55):--'A friend of mine told me
+that he engaged a French cook for Sir B. Keen, when ambassador in Spain,
+and when he asked the fellow if he had ever dressed any magnificent
+dinners the answer was:--"Monsieur, j'ai accommodé un dîner qui faisait
+trembler toute la France."' Scott, in _Guy Mannering_ (ed. 1860, iii.
+138), describes 'Miss Bertram's solicitude to soothe and _accommodate_
+her parent.' See _ante_, iv. 39, note 1, for '_accommodated_ the
+ladies.' To sum up, we may say with Justice Shallow:--'Accommodated! it
+comes of _accommodo_; very good; a good phrase.' 2 _Henry IV_, act
+iii. sc. 2.
+
+[841] 'Louis Moréri, né en Provence, en 1643. On ne s'attendait pas que
+l'auteur du _Pays d'amour_, et le traducteur de _Rodriguez_, entreprît
+dans sa jeunesse le premier dictionnaire de faits qu'on eût encore vu.
+Ce grand travail lui coûta la vie... Mort en 1680.' Voltaire's _Works_,
+ed. 1819, xvii. 133.
+
+[842] Johnson looked upon _Ana_ as an English word, for he gives it in
+his _Dictionary_.
+
+[843] I take leave to enter my strongest protest against this judgement.
+_Bossuet_ I hold to be one of the first luminaries of religion and
+literature. If there are who do not read him, it is full time they
+should begin. BOSWELL.
+
+[844]
+
+     Just in the gate, and in the jaws of hell,
+     Revengeful cares, and sullen sorrows dwell;
+     And pale diseases, and repining age;
+     Want, fear, and famine's unresisted rage;
+     Here toils and death, and death's half-brother, sleep,
+     Forms  terrible to view their sentry keep.
+
+Dryden, _Aeneid_, vi. 273. BOSWELL. Voltaire, in his Essay _Sur les
+inconvéniens attachés à la Littérature_ (_Works_, xliii. 173),
+says:--'Enfin, après un an de refus et de négociations, votre ouvrage
+s'imprime; c'est alors qu'il faut ou assoupir les _Cerbères_ de la
+littérature ou les faire aboyer en votre faveur.' He therefore carries
+on the resemblance one step further,--
+
+'Cerberus haec ingens latratu regna trifauci Personat.' _Aeneid_, vi.
+417.
+
+[845] It was in 1763 that Boswell made Johnson's acquaintance. _Ante_,
+i. 391.
+
+[846] It is no small satisfaction to me to reflect, that Dr. Johnson
+read this, and, after being apprized of my intention, communicated to
+me, at subsequent periods, many particulars of his life, which probably
+could not otherwise have been preserved. BOSWELL. See _ante_, i. 26.
+
+[847] Though Mull is, as Johnson says, the third island of the Hebrides
+in extent, there was no post there. _Piozzi Letters_, i. 170.
+
+[848] This observation is very just. The time for the Hebrides was too
+late by a month or six weeks. I have heard those who remembered their
+tour express surprise they were not drowned. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[849] _ The Charmer, a Collection of Songs Scotch and English._
+Edinburgh, 1749.
+
+[850] By Thomas Willis, M.D. It was published in 1672. 'In this work he
+maintains that the soul of brutes is like the vital principle in man,
+that it is corporeal in its nature and perishes with the body. Although
+the book was dedicated to the Archbishop of Canterbury, his orthodoxy, a
+matter that Willis regarded much, was called in question.' Knight's
+_Eng. Cyclo_. vi. 741. Burnet speaks of him as 'Willis, the great
+physician.' _History of his Own Time_, ed. 1818, i. 254. See _Wood's
+Athenae_, iii. 1048.
+
+[851] See _ante_, ii. 409 and iii. 242, where he said:--'Had I learnt to
+fiddle, I should have done nothing else.'
+
+[852] _Ante_, p. 277.
+
+[853] _Ante_, p. 181.
+
+[854] Mr. Langton thinks this must have been the hasty expression of a
+splenetick moment, as he has heard Dr. Johnson speak of Mr. Spence's
+judgment in criticism with so high a degree of respect, as to shew that
+this was not his settled opinion of him. Let me add that, in the preface
+to the _Preceptor_, he recommends Spence's _Essay on Papers Odyssey_,
+and that his admirable _Lives of the English Poets_ are much enriched by
+Spence's Anecdotes of Pope. BOSWELL. For the _Preceptor_ see _ante_, i.
+192, and Johnson's _Works_, v. 240. Johnson, in his _Life of Pope (ib_.
+viii. 274), speaks of Spence as 'a man whose learning was not very
+great, and whose mind was not very powerful. His criticism, however, was
+commonly just; what he thought he thought rightly; and his remarks were
+recommended by his coolness and candour.' See _ante_, iv. 9, 63.
+
+[855] 'She was the only interpreter of Erse poetry that I could ever
+find.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 134. See _ante_, p. 241.
+
+[856] 'After a journey difficult and tedious, over rocks naked and
+valleys untracked, through a country of barrenness and solitude, we
+came, almost in the dark, to the sea-side, weary and dejected, having
+met with nothing but waters falling from the mountains that could raise
+any image of delight.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 170. 'It is natural, in
+traversing this gloom of desolation, to inquire, whether something may
+not be done to give nature a more cheerful face.' Johnson's _Works_,
+ix. 136.
+
+[857] _Ante_, p. 19.
+
+[858] See _ante_, i. 521.
+
+[859] See _ante_, p. 212.
+
+[860] Sir William Blackstone says, in his _Commentaries_, that 'he
+cannot find that ever this custom prevailed in England;' and therefore
+he is of opinion that it could not have given rise to _Borough-English_.
+BOSWELL. 'I cannot learn that ever this custom prevailed in England,
+though it certainly did in Scotland (under the name of _mercketa_ or
+_marcheta_), till abolished by Malcolm III.' _Commentaries_, ed. 1778,
+ii. 83. Sir H. Maine, in his _Early History of Institutions_, p. 222,
+writes:--'Other authors, as Blackstone tells us, explained it ["Borough
+English"] by a supposed right of the Seigneur or lord, now very
+generally regarded as apocryphal, which raised a presumption of the
+eldest son's illegitimacy.'
+
+[861] 'Macquarry was used to demand a sheep, for which he now takes a
+crown, by that inattention to the uncertain proportion between the value
+and the denomination of money, which has brought much disorder into
+Europe. A sheep has always the same power of supplying human wants, but
+a crown will bring, at one time more, at another less'. Johnson's
+_Works_, ix. 139.
+
+[862] 'The house and the furniture are not always nicely suited. We were
+driven once, by missing a passage, to the hut of a gentleman, where,
+after a very liberal supper, when I was conducted to my chamber, I found
+an elegant bed of Indian cotton, spread with fine sheets. The
+accommodation was flattering; I undressed myself, and felt my feet in
+the mire. The bed stood upon the bare earth, which a long course of rain
+had softened to a puddle.' _Works_, ix. 98.
+
+[863] Inchkenneth is a most beautiful little islet, of the most verdant
+green, while all the neighbouring shore of Greban, as well as the large
+islands of Colinsay and Ulva, are as black as heath and moss can make
+them. But Ulva has a good anchorage, and Inchkenneth is surrounded by
+shoals. It is now uninhabited. The ruins of the huts, in which Dr.
+Johnson was received by Sir Allan M'Lean, were still to be seen, and
+some tatters of the paper hangings were to be seen on the walls. Sir G.
+O. Paul was at Inchkenneth with the same party of which I was a member.
+[See Lockhart's _Scott_, ed. 1839, iii. 285.] He seemed to suspect many
+of the Highland tales which he heard, but he showed most incredulity on
+the subject of Johnson's having been entertained in the wretched huts of
+which we saw the ruins. He took me aside, and conjured me to tell him
+the truth of the matter. 'This Sir Allan,' said he, 'was he a _regular
+baronet_, or was his title such a traditional one as you find in
+Ireland?' I assured my excellent acquaintance that, 'for my own part, I
+would have paid more respect to a knight of Kerry, or knight of Glynn;
+yet Sir Allan M'Lean was a _regular baronet_ by patent;' and, having
+giving him this information, I took the liberty of asking him, in
+return, whether he would not in conscience prefer the worst cell in the
+jail at Gloucester (which he had been very active in overlooking while
+the building was going on) to those exposed hovels where Johnson had
+been entertained by rank and beauty. He looked round the little islet,
+and allowed Sir Allan had some advantage in exercising ground; but in
+other respects he thought the compulsory tenants of Gloucester had
+greatly the advantage. Such was his opinion of a place, concerning which
+Johnson has recorded that 'it wanted little which palaces could afford.'
+WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[864] 'Sir Allan's affairs are in disorder by the fault of his
+ancestors, and while he forms some scheme for retrieving them he has
+retreated hither.' _Piozzi Letters_ i. 172.
+
+[865] By Francis Gastrell, Bishop of Chester, published in 1707.
+
+[866] _Travels through different cities of Germany, &c.,_, by Alexander
+Drummond. Horace Walpole, on April 24, 1754 (_Letters_, ii. 381),
+mentions 'a very foolish vulgar book of travels, lately published by one
+Drummond, consul at Aleppo.'
+
+[867] _ Physico-Theology; or a Demonstration of the Being and Attributes
+of God from his Works of Creation._ By William Derham, D.D., 1713.
+Voltaire, in _Micromégas,_ ch. I, speaking of 'l'illustre vicaire
+Derham' says:--'Malheureusement, lui et ses imitateurs se trompent
+souvent dans l'exposition de ces merveilles; ils s'extasient sur la
+sagesse qui se montre dans l'ordre d'un phénomène et on découvre que ce
+phénomène est tout différent de ce qu'ils ont supposé; alors c'est ce
+nouvel ordre qui leur paraît un chef d'oeuvre de sagesse.'
+
+[868] This work was published in 1774. Johnson said on March 20, 1776
+(_ante_, ii. 447), 'that he believed Campbell's disappointment on
+account of the bad success of that work had killed him.'
+
+[869] Johnson said of Campbell:--'I am afraid he has not been in the
+inside of a church for many years; but he never passes a church without
+pulling off his hat. This shows that he has good principles.' _Ante_,
+i. 418.
+
+[870] _New horse-shoeing Husbandry_, by Jethro Tull, 1733.
+
+[871] 'He owned he sometimes talked for victory.' _Ante_, iv. 111, and
+v. 17.
+
+[872] 'They said that a great family had a _bard_ and a _senachi_, who
+were the poet and historian of the house; and an old gentleman told me
+that he remembered one of each. Here was a dawn of intelligence....
+Another conversation informed me that the same man was both bard and
+senachi. This variation discouraged me.... Soon after I was told by a
+gentleman, who is generally acknowledged the greatest master of
+Hebridian antiquities, that there had, indeed, once been both bards and
+senachies; and that _senachi_ signified _the man of talk_, or of
+conversation; but that neither bard nor senachi had existed for some
+centuries.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 109.
+
+[873] See _ante_, iii. 41, 327
+
+[874] 'Towards evening Sir Allan told us that Sunday never passed over
+him like another day. One of the ladies read, and read very well, the
+evening service;--"and Paradise was opened in the wild."' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 173. The quotation is from Pope's _Eloisa to Abelard_,
+l. 134:--
+
+     'You raised these hallowed walls; the desert smil'd,
+      And Paradise was open'd in the wild.'
+
+
+[875] He sent these verses to Boswell in 1775. _Ante_ ii. 293.
+
+[876] Boswell wrote to Johnson on Feb. 2, 1775, (_ante_, ii. 295):--'Lord
+Hailes bids me tell you he doubts whether--
+
+     "Legitimas faciunt pectora pura preces,"
+
+be according to the rubrick, but that is your concern; for you know, he
+is a Presbyterian.'
+
+[877] In Johnson's _Works_, i. 167, these lines are given with
+amendments and additions, mostly made by Johnson, but some, Mr. Croker
+believes, by Mr. Langton. In the following copy the variations are
+marked in italics.
+
+         INSULA KENNETHI, INTER HEBRIDAS.
+     Parva quidem regio sed religione priorum
+       _Clara_ Caledonias panditur inter aquas.
+     Voce ubi Cennethus populos domuisse feroces
+        Dicitur, et vanos dedocuisse deos.
+     Huc ego delatus placido per caerula cursu,
+       Scire _locus_ volui quid daret _iste_ novi.
+     Illic Leniades humili regnabat in aula,
+       Leniades, magnis nobilitatus avis.
+     Una duas _cepit_ casa cum genitore puellas,
+       Quas Amor undarum _crederet_ esse deas.
+     _Nec_ tamen inculti gelidis latuere sub antris,
+       Accola Danubii qualia saevus habet.
+     Mollia non _desunt_ vacuae solatia vitae
+       Sive libros poscant otia, sive lyram.
+     _Fulserat_ illa dies, legis _qua_ docta supernae
+       Spes hominum _et_ curas _gens_ procul esse jubet.
+     _Ut precibus justas avertat numinis iras,
+       Et summi accendat pectus amore boni._
+     Ponti inter strepitus _non sacri_ munera cultus
+       Cessarunt, pietas hic quoque cura fuit.
+     _Nil opus est oeris sacra de turre sonantis
+       Admonitu, ipsa suas nunciat hora vices._
+     Quid, quod sacrifici versavit foemina libros?
+       _Sint pro legitimis pura labella sacris._
+     Quo vagor ulterius? quod ubique requiritur hic est,
+       Hic secura quies, hic et honestus amor.
+
+Mr. Croker says of the third line from the end, that in a copy of these
+verses in Johnson's own hand which he had seen, 'Johnson had
+first written
+
+     _Sunt pro legitimis pectora pura sacris._
+
+He then wrote
+
+     _Legitimas faciunt pura labella preces._
+
+That line was erased, and the line as it stands in the _Works_ is
+substituted in Mr. Langton's hand, as is also an alteration in the 16th
+line, _velit_ into _jubet_.' _Jubet_ however is in the copy as printed
+by Boswell. Mr. Langton edited some, if not all, of Johnson's Latin
+poems. (_Ante_, iv. 384.)
+
+[878] 'Boswell, who is very pious, went into the chapel at night to
+perform his devotions, but came back in haste for fear of spectres.'
+_Piozzi Letters_, i. 173.
+
+[879] _Ante_ p. 169.
+
+[880] John Gerves, or John the Giant, of whom Dr. Johnson relates a
+curious story; _Works_ ix. 119.
+
+[881] Lord Chatham in the House of Lords, on Nov. 22, 1770, speaking of
+'the honest, industrious tradesman, who holds the middle rank, and has
+given repeated proofs that he prefers law and liberty to gold,' had
+said:--'I love that class of men. Much less would I be thought to
+reflect upon the fair merchant, whose liberal commerce is the prime
+source of national wealth. I esteem his occupation, and respect his
+character.' _Parl. Hist._ xvi. 1107.
+
+[882] See _ante_, iii. 382.
+
+[883] He was born in Nordland in Sweden, in 1736. In 1768 he and Mr.
+Banks accompanied Captain Cook in his first voyage round the world. He
+died in 1782. Knight's _Eng. Cyclo._ v. 578. Miss Burney wrote of him in
+1780:--'My father has very exactly named him, in calling him a
+philosophical gossip.' Mme. D'Arblay's _Diary_, i. 305. Horace Walpole
+the same year, just after the Gordon Riots, wrote (_Letters_, vii.
+403):--'Who is secure against Jack Straw and a whirlwind? How I
+abominate Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander, who routed the poor Otaheitans out
+of the centre of the ocean, and carried our abominable passions amongst
+them! not even that poor little speck could escape European
+restlessness.' See _ante_ ii. 148.
+
+[884] Boswell tells this story again, _ante_, ii. 299. Mrs. Piozzi's
+account (_Anec_. p. 114) is evidently so inaccurate that it does not
+deserve attention; she herself admits that Beauclerk was truthful. In a
+marginal note on Wraxall's _Memoirs_, she says:--'Topham Beauclerk
+(wicked and profligate as he wished to be accounted), was yet a man of
+very strict veracity. Oh Lord! how I did hate that horrid Beauclerk!'
+Hayward's _Piozzi_, i. 348. Johnson testified to 'the correctness of
+Beauclerk's memory and the fidelity of his narrative.' _Ante_, ii. 405.
+
+[885] 'Mr. Maclean of Col, having a very numerous family, has for some
+time past resided at Aberdeen, that he may superintend their education,
+and leaves the young gentleman, our friend, to govern his dominions with
+the full power of a Highland chief.' _Johnson's Works_, ix. 117.
+
+[886] This is not spoken of hare-coursing, where the game is taken or
+lost before the dog gets out of wind; but in chasing deer with the great
+Highland greyhound, Col's exploit is feasible enough. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[887] See _ante_, pp. 45, III, for Monboddo's notion.
+
+[888] Mme. Riccoboni in 1767 wrote to Garrick of the French:--'Un
+mensonge grossier les révolte. Si on voulait leur persuader que les
+Anglais vivent de grenouilles, meurent de faim, que leurs femmes sont
+barbouillées, et jurent par toutes les lettres de l'alphabet, ils
+leveraient les épaules, et s'écriraient, _quel sot ose écrire ces
+misères-là?_ mais à Londres, diantre cela prend!' _Garrick Corres_.
+ii. 524.
+
+[889] Just opposite to M'Quarrie's house the boat was swamped by the
+intoxication of the sailors, who had partaken too largely of M'Quarrie's
+wonted hospitality. WALTER SCOTT. Johnson wrote from Lichfield on June
+13, 1775;--'There is great lamentation here for the death of Col. Lucy
+[Miss Porter] is of opinion that he was wonderfully handsome.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 235. See ante, ii. 287.
+
+[890] Iona.
+
+[891] See _ante_, p. 237.
+
+[892] See _ante_, 111. 229.
+
+[893] Sir James Mackintosh says (_Life_, ii. 257):--'Dr. Johnson visited
+Iona without looking at Staffa, which lay in sight, with that
+indifference to natural objects, either of taste or scientific
+curiosity, which characterised him.' This is a fair enough sample of
+much of the criticism under which Johnson's reputation has suffered.
+
+[894] Smollett in _Humphry Clinker_ (Letter of Sept. 3) describes a
+Highland funeral. 'Our entertainer seemed to think it a disparagement to
+his family that not above a hundred gallons of whisky had been drunk
+upon such a solemn occasion.
+
+[895] 'We then entered the boat again; the night came upon us; the wind
+rose; the sea swelled; and Boswell desired to be set on dry ground: we,
+however, pursued our navigation, and passed by several little islands in
+the silent solemnity of faint moon-shine, seeing little, and hearing
+only the wind and water.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 176.
+
+[896] Cicero _De Finibus_, ii. 32.
+
+[897] I have lately observed that this thought has been elegantly
+expressed by Cowley:--
+
+     'Things which offend when present, and affright,
+      In  memory, well painted, move delight.'
+
+BOSWELL.
+
+The lines are found in the _Ode upon His Majesty's Restoration and
+Return_, stanza 12. They may have been suggested by Virgil's lines--
+
+     'Revocate animos, maestumque timorem
+      Mittite; forsan et haec olim meminisse juvabit.'
+
+Aeneid, i. 202.
+
+[898] Had our Tour produced nothing else but this sublime passage, the
+world must have acknowledged that it was not made in vain. The present
+respectable President of the Royal Society was so much struck on reading
+it, that he clasped his hands together, and remained for some time in an
+attitude of silent admiration, BOSWELL. Boswell again quotes this
+passage (which is found in Johnson's _Works_, ix. 145), _ante_, iii.
+173. The President was Sir Joseph Banks, Johnson says in _Rasselas_, ch.
+xi:--'That the supreme being may be more easily propitiated in one place
+than in another is the dream of idle superstition; but that some places
+may operate upon our own minds in an uncommon manner is an opinion which
+hourly experience will justify. He who supposes that his vices may be
+more successfully combated in Palestine will, perhaps, find himself
+mistaken, yet he may go thither without folly; he who thinks they will
+be more freely pardoned dishonours at once his reason and religion.'
+
+[899] 'Sir Allan went to the headman of the island, whom fame, but fame
+delights in amplifying, represents as worth no less than fifty pounds.
+He was, perhaps, proud enough of his guests, but ill prepared for our
+entertainment; however he soon produced more provision than men not
+luxurious require.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 146.
+
+[900] _An Account of the Isle of Man. With a voyage to I-Columb-Kill_.
+By W. Sacheverell, Esq., late Governour of Man. 1702.
+
+[901] 'He that surveys it [the church-yard] attended by an insular
+antiquary may be told where the kings of many nations are buried, and if
+he loves to soothe his imagination with the thoughts that naturally rise
+in places where the great and the powerful lie mingled with the dust,
+let him listen in submissive silence; for if he asks any questions his
+delight is at an end.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 148.
+
+[902] On quitting the island Johnson wrote: 'We now left those
+illustrious ruins, by which Mr. Boswell was much affected, nor would I
+willingly be thought to have looked upon them without some emotion.'
+_Ib_. p. 150.
+
+[903] Psalm xc. 4.
+
+[904] Boswell wrote on Nov. 9, 1767:--'I am always for fixing some
+period for my perfection as far as possible. Let it be when my account
+of Corsica is published; I shall then have a character which I must
+support.' _Letters of Boswell_, p. 122. Five weeks later he wrote:--'I
+have been as wild as ever;' and then comes a passage which the Editor
+has thought it needful to suppress. _Ib_.p.128.
+
+[905] Boswell here speaks as an Englishman. He should have written '_a_
+M'Ginnis.' See _ante_, p. 135, note 3.
+
+[906] 'The fruitfulness of Iona is now its whole prosperity. The
+inhabitants are remarkably gross, and remarkably neglected; I know not
+if they are visited by any minister. The island, which was once the
+metropolis of learning and piety, has now no school for education, nor
+temple for worship, only two inhabitants that can speak English, and not
+one that can write or read.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 149. Scott, who
+visited it in 1810, writes:--'There are many monuments of singular
+curiosity, forming a strange contrast to the squalid and dejected
+poverty of the present inhabitants.' Lockhart's _Scott_, ed. 1839, iii.
+285. In 1814, on a second visit, he writes:--'Iona, the last time I saw
+it, seemed to me to contain the most wretched people I had anywhere
+seen. But either they have got better since I was here, or my eyes,
+familiarized with the wretchedness of Zetland and the Harris, are less
+shocked with that of Iona.' He found a schoolmaster there. _Ib_.
+iv. 324.
+
+[907] Johnson's Jacobite friend, Dr. King (_ante_, i. 279), says of
+Pulteney, on his being made Earl of Bath:--'He deserted the cause of
+his country; he betrayed his friends and adherents; he ruined his
+character, and from a most glorious eminence sunk down to a degree of
+contempt. The first time Sir Robert (who was now Earl of Orford) met him
+in the House of Lords, he threw out this reproach:--"My Lord Bath, you
+and I are now two as insignificant men as any in England." In which he
+spoke the truth of my Lord Bath, but not of himself. For my Lord Orford
+was consulted by the ministers to the last day of his life.' King's
+_Anec_. p. 43.
+
+[908] See _ante_, i. 431, and iii. 326.
+
+[909] 'Sir Robert Walpole detested war. This made Dr. Johnson say of
+him, "He was the best minister this country ever had, as, if _we_ would
+have let him (he speaks of his own violent faction), he would have kept
+the country in perpetual peace."' Seward's _Biographiana_, p. 554. See
+_ante_, i. 131.
+
+[910] See _ante_, iii. Appendix C.
+
+[911] I think it incumbent on me to make some observation on this strong
+satirical sally on my classical companion, Mr. Wilkes. Reporting it
+lately from memory, in his presence, I expressed it thus:--'They knew he
+would rob their shops, _if he durst;_ they knew he would debauch their
+daughters, _if he could;_' which, according to the French phrase, may be
+said _renchérir_ on Dr. Johnson; but on looking into my Journal, I found
+it as above, and would by no means make any addition. Mr. Wilkes
+received both readings with a good humour that I cannot enough admire.
+Indeed both he and I (as, with respect to myself, the reader has more
+than once had occasion to observe in the course of this Journal,) are
+too fond of a _bon mot_, not to relish it, though we should be ourselves
+the object of it.
+
+Let me add, in justice to the gentleman here mentioned, that at a
+subsequent period, he _was_ elected chief magistrate of London [in
+1774], and discharged the duties of that high office with great honour
+to himself, and advantage to the city. Some years before Dr. Johnson
+died, I was fortunate enough to bring him and Mr. Wilkes together; the
+consequence of which was, that they were ever afterwards on easy and not
+unfriendly terms. The particulars I shall have great pleasure in
+relating at large in my _Life of Dr. Johnson_. BOSWELL. In the copy of
+Boswell's _Letter to the People of Scotland_ in the British Museum is
+entered in Boswell's own hand--
+
+     'Comes jucundus in via pro vehiculo est.
+
+To John Wilkes, Esq.: as pleasant a companion as ever lived. From the
+Author.
+
+             --will my Wilkes retreat,
+     And see, once seen before, that ancient seat, etc.'
+
+See _ante_, iii. 64, 183; iv. 101, 224, note 2.
+
+[912] See _ante_, iv. 199.
+
+[913] Our afternoon journey was through a country of such gloomy
+desolation that Mr. Boswell thought no part of the Highlands equally
+terrifick.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 150.
+
+[914] Johnson describes Lochbuy as 'a true Highland laird, rough and
+haughty, and tenacious of his dignity: who, hearing my name, inquired
+whether I was of the Johnstons of Glencoe (_sic_) or of Ardnamurchan.'
+_Ib_.
+
+[915] Boswell totally misapprehended _Lochbuy's_ meaning. There are two
+septs of the powerful clan of M'Donaid, who are called Mac-Ian, that is
+_John's-son_; and as Highlanders often translate their names when they
+go to the Lowlands,--as Gregor-son for Mac-Gregor, Farquhar-son for
+Mac-Farquhar,--_Lochbuy_ supposed that Dr. Johnson might be one of the
+Mac-Ians of Ardnamurchan, or of Glencro. Boswell's explanation was
+nothing to the purpose. The _Johnstons_ are a clan distinguished in
+Scottish _border_ history, and as brave as any _Highland_ clan that ever
+wore brogues; but they lay entirely out of _Lochbuy's_ knowledge--nor
+was he thinking of _them_. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[916] This maxim, however, has been controverted. See Blackstone's
+_Commentaries_, vol. ii. p. 291; and the authorities there quoted.
+BOSWELL. 'Blackstone says:--From these loose authorities, which
+Fitzherbert does not hesitate to reject as being contrary to reason, the
+maxim that a man shall not stultify himself hath been handed down as
+settled law; though later opinions, feeling the inconvenience of the
+rule, have in many points endeavoured to restrain it.' _Ib_. p. 292.
+
+[917] Begging pardon of the Doctor and his conductor, I have often seen
+and partaken of cold sheep's head at as good breakfast-tables as ever
+they sat at. This protest is something in the manner of the late
+Culrossie, who fought a duel for the honour of Aberdeen butter. I have
+passed over all the Doctor's other reproaches upon Scotland, but the
+sheep's head I will defend _totis viribus_. Dr. Johnson himself must
+have forgiven my zeal on this occasion; for if, as he says, _dinner_ be
+the thing of which a man thinks _oftenest during the day, breakfast_
+must be that of which he thinks _first in the morning_. WALTER SCOTT. I
+do not know where Johnson says this. Perhaps Scott was thinking of a
+passage in Mrs. Piozzi's _Anec_. p. 149, where she writes that he said:
+'A man seldom thinks with more earnestness of any thing than he does of
+his dinner.'
+
+[918] A horrible place it was. Johnson describes it (_Works_, ix. 152)
+as 'a deep subterraneous cavity, walled on the sides, and arched on the
+top, into which the descent is through a narrow door, by a ladder or
+a rope.'
+
+[919] See _ante_, p. 177.
+
+[920] Sir Allan M'Lean, like many Highland chiefs, was embarrassed in
+his private affairs, and exposed to unpleasant solicitations from
+attorneys, called, in Scotland, _writers_ (which indeed was the chief
+motive of his retiring to Inchkenneth). Upon one occasion he made a
+visit to a friend, then residing at Carron lodge, on the banks of the
+Carron, where the banks of that river are studded with pretty villas:
+Sir Allan, admiring the landscape, asked his friend, whom that handsome
+seat belonged to. 'M---, the writer to the signet,' was the reply.
+'Umph!' said Sir Allan, but not with an accent of assent, 'I mean that
+other house.' 'Oh ! that belongs to a very honest fellow Jamie---, also
+a writer to the signet.' 'Umph!' said the Highland chief of M'Lean with
+more emphasis than before, 'And yon smaller house?' 'That belongs to a
+Stirling man; I forget his name, but I am sure he is a writer too;
+for---.' Sir Allan who had recoiled a quarter of a circle backward at
+every response, now wheeled the circle entire and turned his back on the
+landscape, saying, 'My good friend, I must own you have a pretty
+situation here; but d--n your neighbourhood.' WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[921] Loch Awe.
+
+[922] 'Pope's talent lay remarkably in what one may naturally enough
+term the condensation of thoughts. I think no other English poet ever
+brought so much sense into the same number of lines with equal
+smoothness, ease, and poetical beauty. Let him who doubts of this peruse
+his _Essay on Man_ with attention.' Shenstone's _Essays on Men and
+Manners. [Works_, 4th edit. ii. 159.] 'He [Gray] approved an observation
+of Shenstone, that "Pope had the art of condensing a thought."'
+Nicholls' _Reminiscences of Gray_, p. 37. And Swift [in his _Lines on
+the death of Dr. Swift_], himself a great condenser, says--
+
+     'In Pope I cannot read a line
+      But with a sigh I wish it mine;
+      When he can in one couplet fix
+      More sense than I can do in six.'
+
+P. CUNNINGHAM.
+
+[923] He is described by Walpole in his _Letters_, viii. 5.
+
+[924] 'The night came on while we had yet a great part of the way to go,
+though not so dark but that we could discern the cataracts which poured
+down the hills on one side, and fell into one general channel, that ran
+with great violence on the other. The wind was loud, the rain was heavy,
+and the whistling of the blast, the fall of the shower, the rush of the
+cataracts, and the roar of the torrent, made a nobler chorus of the
+rough musick of nature than it had ever been my chance to hear before.'
+Johnson's _Works_, ix. 155. He wrote to Mrs. Thrale:--'All the rougher
+powers of nature except thunder were in motion, but there was no danger.
+I should have been sorry to have missed any of the inconveniencies, to
+have had more light or less rain, for their co-operation crowded the
+scene and filled the mind.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 177.
+
+[925] I never tasted whiskey except once for experiment at the inn in
+Inverary, when I thought it preferable to any English malt brandy. It
+was strong, but not pungent, and was free from the empyreumatick taste
+or smell. What was the process I had no opportunity of inquiring, nor do
+I wish to improve the art of making poison pleasant.' Johnson's _Works_,
+ix. 52. Smollett, medical man though he was, looked upon whisky as
+anything but poison. 'I am told that it is given with great success to
+infants, as a cordial in the confluent small-pox.' _Humphry Clinker_.
+Letter of Sept. 3.
+
+[926] _Regale_ in this sense is not in Johnson's _Dictionary_. It was,
+however, a favourite word at this time. Thus, Mrs. Piozzi, in her
+_Journey through France_, ii. 297, says:--'A large dish of hot chocolate
+thickened with bread and cream is a common afternoon's regale here.'
+Miss Burney often uses the word.
+
+[927] Boswell, in answering Garrick's letter seven months later,
+improved on this comparison. 'It was,' he writes, 'a pine-apple of the
+finest flavour, which had a high zest indeed among the heath-covered
+mountains of Scotia.' _Garrick Corres_. i. 621.
+
+[928] See _ante_, p. 115.
+
+[929] See _ante_, i. 97.
+
+[930] 'Though Birnam wood be come to Dunsinane.' _Macbeth_, act v. sc.
+8.
+
+[931]
+
+     'From his first entrance to the closing scene
+      Let him one equal character maintain.'
+
+FRANCIS. Horace, _Ars Poet._ l. 126.
+
+[932] I took the liberty of giving this familiar appellation to my
+celebrated friend, to bring in a more lively manner to his remembrance
+the period when he was Dr. Johnson's pupil. BOSWELL.
+
+[933] See _ante_, p. 129.
+
+[934] Boswell is here quoting the Preface to the third edition of his
+_Corsica_:--'Whatever clouds may overcast my days, I can now walk here
+among the rocks and woods of my ancestors, with an agreeable
+consciousness that I have done something worthy.'
+
+[935] See _ante_, i. 148, and _post_, Nov. 21.
+
+[936] I have suppressed my friend's name from an apprehension of
+wounding his sensibility; but I would not withhold from my readers a
+passage which shews Mr. Garrick's mode of writing as the Manager of a
+Theatre, and contains a pleasing trait of his domestick life. His
+judgment of dramatick pieces, so far as concerns their exhibition on the
+stage, must be allowed to have considerable weight. But from the effect
+which a perusal of the tragedy here condemned had upon myself, and from
+the opinions of some eminent criticks, I venture to pronounce that it
+has much poetical merit; and its authour has distinguished himself by
+several performances which shew that the epithet _poetaster_ was, in the
+present instance, much misapplied. BOSWELL. Johnson mentioned this
+quarrel between Garrick and the poet on March 25, 1773 (_Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 80). 'M---- is preparing a whole pamphlet against G----,
+and G---- is, I suppose, collecting materials to confute M----.' M----
+was Mickle, the translator of the _Lusiad_ and author of the _Ballad of
+Cumnor Hall_ (_ante_, ii. 182). Had it not been for this 'poetaster,'
+_Kenilworth_ might never have been written. Scott, in the preface, tells
+how 'the first stanza of _Cunmor Hall_ had a peculiar species of
+enchantment for his youthful ear, the force of which is not even now
+entirely spent.' The play that was refused was the _Siege of
+Marseilles_. Ever since the success of Hughes's _Siege of Damascus_ 'a
+siege had become a popular title' (_ante_, iii. 259, note 1).
+
+[937] She could only have been away for the day; for in 1776 Garrick
+wrote:--'As I have not left Mrs. Garrick one day since we were married,
+near twenty-eight years, I cannot now leave her.' _Garrick Corres_.
+ii. 150.
+
+[938] Dr. Morell once entered the school-room at Winchester College, 'in
+which some junior boys were writing their exercises, one of whom, struck
+no less with his air and manner than with the questions he put to them,
+whispered to his school-fellows, "Is he not a fine old Grecian?" The
+Doctor, overhearing this, turned hastily round and exclaimed, "I am
+indeed an old Grecian, my little man. Did you never see my head before
+my Thesaurus?"' The Praepostors, learning the dignity of their visitor,
+in a most respectful manner showed him the College. Wooll's _Life of Dr.
+Warton_, p. 329. Mason writing to Horace Walpole about some odes,
+says:--'They are so lopped and mangled, that they are worse now than the
+productions of Handel's poet, Dr. Morell.' Walpole's _Letters_, v. 420.
+Morell compiled the words for Handel's _Oratorios_.
+
+[939] _Ante_, i. 148.
+
+[940] I doubt whether any other instance can be found of _love_ being
+sent to Johnson.
+
+[941] The passage begins:--'A _servant_ or two from a revering distance
+cast many a wishful look, and condole their honoured master in the
+language of sighs.' Hervey's _Meditations_, ed. 1748, i. 40.
+
+[942] _Ib_. ii. 84.
+
+[943] The _Meditation_ was perhaps partly suggested by Swift's
+_Meditation upon a Broomstick_. Swift's _Works_ (1803), iii. 275.
+
+[944] Thomas Burnet of the Charterhouse, in his _Sacred Theory of the
+Earth_, ed. 1722, i. 85.
+
+[945] See _ante_, i. 476, and ii. 73.
+
+[946] Elizabeth Gunning, celebrated (like her sister, Lady Coventry) for
+her personal charms, had been previously Duchess of Hamilton, and was
+mother of Douglas, Duke of Hamilton, the competitor for the Douglas
+property with the late Lord Douglas: she was, of course, prejudiced
+against Boswell, who had shewn all the bustling importance of his
+character in the Douglas cause, and it was said, I know not on what
+authority, that he headed the mob which broke the windows of some of the
+judges, and of Lord Auchinleck, his father, in particular. WALTER SCOTT.
+See _ante_, ii. 50.
+
+[947] See _ante_, i. 408, and ii. 329.
+
+[948] She married the Earl of Derby, and was the great-grandmother of
+the present Earl. Burke's _Peerage_.
+
+[949] See _ante_, iv. 248.
+
+[950] Lord Macaulay's grandfather, Trevelyan's _Macaulay_, i. 6.
+
+[951] See _ante_, p. 118.
+
+[952] On reflection, at the distance of several years, I wonder that my
+venerable fellow-traveller should have read this passage without
+censuring my levity. BOSWELL.
+
+[953] _Ante_, p. 151.
+
+[954] See _ante_, i. 240.
+
+[955] As this book is now become very scarce, I shall subjoin the title,
+which is curious:--The Doctrines of a Middle State between Death and
+the Resurrection: Of Prayers for the Dead: And the Necessity of
+Purification; plainly proved from the holy Scriptures, and the Writings
+of the Fathers of the Primitive Church: and acknowledged by several
+learned Fathers and Great Divines of the Church of England and others
+since the Reformation. To which is added, an Appendix concerning the
+Descent of the Soul of Christ into Hell, while his Body lay in the
+Grave. Together with the Judgment of the Reverend Dr. Hickes concerning
+this Book, so far as relates to a Middle State, particular Judgment, and
+Prayers for the Dead as it appeared in the first Edition. 'And a
+Manuscript of the Right Reverend Bishop Overall upon the Subject of a
+Middle State, and never before printed. Also, a Preservative against
+several of the Errors of the Roman Church, in six small Treatises. By
+the Honourable Archibald Campbell. Folio, 1721. BOSWELL.
+
+[956] The release gained for him by Lord Townshend must have been from
+his last imprisonment after the accession of George I; for, as Mr.
+Croker points out, Townshend was not Secretary of State till 1714.
+
+[957] See _ante_, iv. 286.
+
+[958] He was the grandson of the first Marquis, who was beheaded by
+Charles II in 1661, and nephew of the ninth Earl, who was beheaded by
+James II in 1685. Burke's _Peerage_. He died on June 15, 1744, according
+to the _Gent. Mag._ xiv. 339; where he is described as 'the consecrated
+Archbishop of St. Andrews.' See _ante_, ii. 216.
+
+[959] George Hickes, 1642-1715. A non-juror, consecrated in 1693
+suffragan bishop of Thetford by three of the deprived non-juror bishops.
+Chalmers's _Biog. Dict._ xvii. 450. Burnet (_Hist. of his own Time_, iv.
+303) describes him as 'an ill-tempered man, who was now [1712] at the
+head of the Jacobite party, and who had in several books promoted a
+notion, that there was a proper sacrifice made in the Eucharist.'
+Boswell mentions him, _ante_, iv. 287.
+
+[960] See _ante_, ii. 458.
+
+[961] This must be a mistake for _He died_.
+
+[962] 'It is generally supposed that life is longer in places where
+there are few opportunities of luxury; but I found no instance here of
+extraordinary longevity. A cottager grows old over his oaten cakes like
+a citizen at a turtle feast. He is, indeed, seldom incommoded by
+corpulence, Poverty preserves him from sinking under the burden of
+himself, but he escapes no other injury of time.' Johnson's Works,
+ix. 81.
+
+[963] Lady Lucy Graham, daughter of the second Duke of Montrose, and
+wife of Mr. Douglas, the successful claimant: she died in 1780, whence
+Boswell calls her '_poor_ Lady Lucy.' CROKER
+
+[964] Her first husband was the sixth Duke of Hamilton and Brandon. On
+his death she refused the Duke of Bridgewater. She was the mother of
+four dukes--two of Hamilton and two of Argyle. Her sister married the
+Earl of Coventry. Walpole's _Letters_, ii. 259, note. Walpole, writing
+on Oct. 9, 1791, says that their story was amazing. 'The two beautiful
+sisters were going on the stage, when they were at once exalted almost
+as high as they could be, were Countessed and double-Duchessed.' _Ib_.
+ix. 358. Their maiden name was Gunning. The Duchess of Argyle was alive
+when Boswell published his _Journal_.
+
+[965] See _ante_, iv. 397, and v. 210. It was Lord Macaulay's
+grandfather who was thus reprimanded. Mr. Trevelyan remarks (_Life of
+Macaulay_, i. 7), 'When we think what well-known ground this [subject]
+was to Lord Macaulay, it is impossible to suppress a wish that the great
+talker had been at hand to avenge his grandfather.' The result might
+well have been, however, that the great talker would have been reduced
+to silence--one of those brilliant flashes of silence for which Sydney
+Smith longed, but longed in vain.
+
+[966] See _ante_, ii. 264, note 2.
+
+[967] See _ante_, iv. 8, for his use of 'O brave!'
+
+[968] Having mentioned, more than once, that my _Journal_ was perused by
+Dr. Johnson, I think it proper to inform my readers that this is the
+last paragraph which he read. BOSWELL. He began to read it on August 18
+(_ante_, p. 58, note 2).
+
+[969] See _ante_, ii. 320.
+
+[970] Act i. sc. 1. The best known passage in _Douglas_ is the speech
+beginning 'My name is Norval.' Act ii. The play affords a few quotations
+more or less known, as:--
+
+             'I found myself
+     As women wish to be who love their lords.'
+     Act i.
+
+             'He seldom errs
+     Who thinks the worse he can of womankind.'
+     Act iii.
+
+    'Honour, sole judge and umpire of itself.'
+     Act iv.
+
+    'Unknown I die; no tongue shall speak of me.
+     Some noble spirits, judging by themselves,
+     May yet conjecture what I might have proved,
+     And think life only wanting to my fame.'
+     Act v.
+
+    'An honest guardian, arbitrator just
+     Be thou; thy station deem a sacred trust.
+     With thy good sword maintain thy country's cause;
+     In every action venerate its laws:
+     The lie suborn'd if falsely urg'd to swear,
+     Though torture wait thee, torture firmly bear;
+     To forfeit honour, think the highest shame,
+     And life too dearly bought by loss of fame;
+     Nor to preserve it, with thy virtue give
+     That for which only man should wish to live.'
+
+[_Satires_, viii. 79.]
+
+For this and the other translations to which no signature is affixed, I
+am indebted to the friend whose observations are mentioned in the notes,
+pp. 78 and 399. BOSWELL. Sir Walter Scott says, 'probably Dr. Hugh
+Blair.' I have little doubt that it was Malone. 'One of the best
+criticks of our age,' Boswell calls this friend in the other two
+passages. This was a compliment Boswell was likely to pay to Malone, to
+whom he dedicated this book. Malone was a versifier. See Prior's
+_Malone_, p. 463.
+
+[971] I am sorry that I was unlucky in my quotation. But notwithstanding
+the acuteness of Dr. Johnson's criticism, and the power of his ridicule,
+_The Tragedy of Douglas_ sill continues to be generally and deservedly
+admired. BOSWELL. Johnson's scorn was no doubt returned, for Dr. A.
+Carlyle (_Auto._ p. 295) says of Home:--'as John all his life had a
+thorough contempt for such as neglected his poetry, he treated all who
+approved of his works with a partiality which more than approached to
+flattery.' Carlyle tells (pp. 301-305) how Home started for London with
+his tragedy in one pocket of his great coat and his clean shirt and
+night-cap in the other, escorted on setting out by six or seven Merse
+ministers. 'Garrick, after reading his play, returned it as totally
+unfit for the stage.' It was brought out first in Edinburgh, and in the
+year 1757 in Covent Garden, where it had great success. 'This tragedy,'
+wrote Carlyle forty-five years later, 'still maintains its ground, has
+been more frequently acted, and is more popular than any tragedy in the
+English language.' _Ib._ p. 325. Hannah More recorded in 1786
+(_Memoirs_, ii. 22), 'I had a quarrel with Lord Monboddo one night
+lately. He said _Douglas_ was a better play than Shakespeare could have
+written. He was angry and I was pert. Lord Mulgrave sat spiriting me up,
+but kept out of the scrape himself, and Lord Stormont seemed to enjoy
+the debate, but was shabby enough not to help me out.'
+
+[972] See _ante_, ii. 230, note 1.
+
+[973] See _ante_, p. 318.
+
+[974] See _ante_, iii. 54
+
+[975] See _ante_, p. 356.
+
+[976] See _ante_, iii. 241, note 2.
+
+[977] As a remarkable instance of his negligence, I remember some years
+ago to have found lying loose in his study, and without the cover, which
+contained the address, a letter to him from Lord Thurlow, to whom he had
+made an application as Chancellor, in behalf of a poor literary friend.
+It was expressed in such terms of respect for Dr. Johnson, that, in my
+zeal for his reputation, I remonstrated warmly with him on his strange
+inattention, and obtained his permission to take a copy of it; by which
+probably it has been preserved, as the original I have reason to suppose
+is lost. BOSWELL. See _ante_, iii. 441.
+
+[978] 'The islets, which court the gazer at a distance, disgust him at
+his approach, when he finds, instead of soft lawns and shady thickets,
+nothing more than uncultivated ruggedness.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 156.
+
+[979] See _ante_, i. 200, and iv. 179.
+
+[980] In these arguments he says:--'Reason and truth will prevail at
+last. The most learned of the Scottish doctors would now gladly admit a
+form of prayer, if the people would endure it. The zeal or rage of
+congregations has its different degrees. In some parishes the Lord's
+Prayer is suffered: in others it is still rejected as a form; and he
+that should make it part of his supplication would be suspected of
+heretical pravity.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 102. See _ante_, p. 121.
+
+[981] 'A very little above the source of the Leven, on the lake, stands
+the house of Cameron, belonging to Mr. Smollett, so embosomed in an oak
+wood that we did not see it till we were within fifty yards of the
+door.' _Humphry Clinker_, Letter of Aug. 28.
+
+[982] Boswell himself was at times one of 'those absurd visionaries.'
+_Ante_, ii. 73.
+
+[983] See _ante_, p. 117.
+
+[984] Lord Kames wrote one, which is published in Chambers's _Traditions
+of Edinburgh_, ed. 1825, i. 280. In it he bids the traveller to 'indulge
+the hope of a Monumental Pillar.'
+
+[985] See _ante_, iii. 85; and v. 154.
+
+[986] This address does not offend against the rule that Johnson lays
+down in his _Essay on Epitaphs_ (_Works_, v. 263), where he says:--'It
+is improper to address the epitaph to the passenger.' The impropriety
+consists in such an address in a church. He however did break through
+his rule in his epitaph in Streatham Church on Mr. Thrale, where he
+says:--'Abi viator.' _Ib._ i. 154.
+
+[987] In _Humphry Clinker_ (Letter of Aug. 28), which was published a
+few months before Smollett's death, is his _Ode on Leven-Water_.
+
+[988] The epitaph which has been inscribed on the pillar erected on the
+banks of the Leven, in honour of Dr. Smollett, is as follows. The part
+which was written by Dr. Johnson, it appears, has been altered; whether
+for the better, the reader will judge. The alterations are distinguished
+by Italicks.
+
+     Siste viator!
+     Si lepores ingeniique venam benignam,
+     Si morum callidissimum pictorem, Unquam es miratus,
+     Immorare paululum memoriae
+     TOBIAE SMOLLET, M.D.
+     Viri virtutibus _hisce_
+     Quas in homine et cive
+     Et laudes et imiteris,
+     Haud mediocriter ornati:
+     Qui in literis variis versatus,
+     Postquam felicitate _sibi propria_
+     Sese posteris commendaverat,
+     Morte acerba raptus
+     Anno aetatis 51,
+     Eheu: quam procul a patria!
+     Prope Liburni portum in Italia, Jacet sepultres.
+     Tali tantoque viro, patrueli suo, Cui in decursu lampada
+     Se potius tradidisse decuit, Hanc Columnam,
+     Amoris, eheu! inane monumentum In ipsis Leviniae ripis,
+     Quas _versiculis sub exitu vitae illustratas_
+     Primis infans vagitibus personuit, Ponendam curavit
+     JACOBUS SMOLLET de Bonhill. Abi et reminiscere,
+     Hoc quidem honore, Non modo defuncti memoriae,
+     Verum etiam exemplo, prospectum esse;
+     Aliis enim, si modo digni sint,
+     Idem erit virtutis praemium!
+
+     BOSWELL.
+
+
+
+[989] Baretti told Malone that, having proposed to teach Johnson
+Italian, they went over a few stanzas of Ariosto, and Johnson then grew
+weary. 'Some years afterwards Baretti said he would give him another
+lesson, but added, "I suppose you have forgotten what we read before."
+"Who forgets, Sir?" said Johnson, and immediately repeated three or four
+stanzas of the poem.' Baretti took down the book to see if it had been
+lately opened, but the leaves were covered with dust. Prior's _Malone_,
+p. 160. Johnson had learnt to translate Italian before he knew Baretti.
+_Ante_, i. 107, 156. For other instances of his memory, see _ante_, i.
+39, 48; iii. 318, note 1; and iv. 103, note 2.
+
+[990] For sixty-eight days he received no letter--from August 21
+(_ante_, p. 84) to October 28.
+
+[991] Among these professors might possibly have been either Burke or
+Hume had not a Mr. Clow been the successful competitor in 1751 as the
+successor to Adam Smith in the chair of Logic. 'Mr. Clow has acquired a
+curious title to fame, from the greatness of the man to whom he
+succeeded, and of those over whom he was triumphant.' J.H. Burton's
+_Hume_, i. 351.
+
+[992] Dr. Reid, the author of the _Inquiry into the Human Mind_, had in
+1763 succeeded Adam Smith as Professor of Moral Philosophy. Dugald
+Stewart was his pupil the winter before Johnson's visit. Stewart's
+_Reid_, ed. 1802, p. 38.
+
+[993] See _ante_, iv. 186.
+
+[994] Mr. Boswell has chosen to omit, for reasons which will be
+presently obvious, that Johnson and Adam Smith met at Glasgow; but I
+have been assured by Professor John Miller that they did so, and that
+Smith, leaving the party in which he had met Johnson, happened to come
+to another company _where Miller was_. Knowing that Smith had been in
+Johnson's society, they were anxious to know what had passed, and the
+more so as Dr. Smith's temper seemed much ruffled. At first Smith would
+only answer, 'He's a brute--he's a brute;' but on closer examination, it
+appeared that Johnson no sooner saw Smith than he attacked him for some
+point of his famous letter on the death of Hume (_ante_, p. 30). Smith
+vindicated the truth of his statement. 'What did Johnson say?' was the
+universal inquiry. 'Why, he said,' replied Smith, with the deepest
+impression of resentment, 'he said, _you lie!_' 'And what did you
+reply?' 'I said, you are a son of a------!' On such terms did these two
+great moralists meet and part, and such was the classical dialogue
+between two great teachers of philosophy. WALTER SCOTT. This story is
+erroneous in the particulars of the _time, place,_ and _subject_ of the
+alleged quarrel; for Hume did not die for [nearly] three years after
+Johnson's only visit to Glasgow; nor was Smith then there. Johnson,
+previous to 1763 (see _ante_, i. 427, and iii. 331), had an altercation
+with Adam Smith at Mr. Strahan's table. This may have been the
+foundation of Professor Miller's misrepresentation. But, even _then_,
+nothing of this offensive kind could have passed, as, if it had, Smith
+could certainly not have afterwards solicited admission to the Club of
+which Johnson was the leader, to which he was admitted 1st Dec. 1775,
+and where he and Johnson met frequently on civil terms. I, therefore,
+disbelieve the whole story. CROKER.
+
+[995] 'His appearance,' says Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. p. 68), 'was that
+of an ascetic, reduced by fasting and prayer.' See _ante_, p. 68.
+
+[996] See _ante_, ii. 27, 279.
+
+[997] See _ante,_ p. 92.
+
+[998] Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale:--'I was not much pleased with any
+of the Professors.' _Piozzi Letters,_ i. 199. Mme. D'Arblay says:--
+'Whenever Dr. Johnson did not make the charm of conversation he only
+marred it by his presence, from the general fear he incited, that if he
+spoke not, he might listen; and that if he listened, he might reprove.'
+_Memoirs of Dr. Burney,_ ii. 187. See _ante_, ii. 63
+
+[999] Boswell has not let us see this caution. When Robertson first came
+in, 'there began,' we are told, 'some animated dialogue' (_ante,_ p.32).
+The next day we read that 'he fluently harangued to Dr. Johnson'
+(_ante,_ p.43).
+
+[1000] See _ante,_ iii. 366.
+
+[1001] He was Ambassador at Paris in the beginning of the reign of
+George I., and Commander-in-Chief in 1744. Lord Mahon's _England_, ed.
+1836, i. 201 and iii. 275.
+
+[1002] The unwilling gratitude of base mankind. POPE. [_Imitations of
+Horace_, 2 _Epis_. i. 14.] BOSWELL.
+
+[1003] Dr. Franklin (_Memoirs_, i. 246-253) gives a curious account of
+Lord Loudoun, who was general in America about the year 1756.
+'Indecision,' he says, 'was one of the strongest features of his
+character.' He kept back the packet-boats from day to day because he
+could not make up his mind to send his despatches. At one time there
+were three boats waiting, one of which was kept with cargo and
+passengers on board three months beyond its time. Pitt at length
+recalled him, because 'he never heard from him, and could not know what
+he was doing.'
+
+[1004] See Chalmers's _Biog. Dict._ xi. 161 for an account of a
+controversy about the identity of this writer with an historian of the
+same name.
+
+[1005] He had paid but little attention to his own rule. See _ante_, ii.
+119.
+
+[1006] 'I believe that for all the castles which I have seen beyond the
+Tweed, the ruins yet remaining of some one of those which the English
+built in Wales would supply Materials.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 152.
+
+[1007] See _ante_, p. 40, note 4.
+
+[1008] Johnson described her as 'a lady who for many years gave the laws
+of elegance to Scotland.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 200. Allan Ramsay
+dedicated to her his _Gentle Shepherd_, and W. Hamilton, of Bangour,
+wrote to her verses on the presentation of Ramsay's poem. Hamilton's
+_Poems_, p. 23.
+
+[1009] See _ante_, ii. 66, and iii. 188.
+
+[1010] 'She called Boswell the boy: "yes, Madam," said I, "we will send
+him to school." "He is already," said she, "in a good school;" and
+expressed her hope of his improvement. At last night came, and I was
+sorry to leave her.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 200. See _ante_, iii. 366.
+
+[1011] See _ante_, pp. 318, 362.
+
+[1012] Burns, who was in his fifteenth year, was at this time living at
+Ayr, about twelve miles away. When later on he moved to Mauchline, he
+and Boswell became much nearer neighbours.
+
+[1013] He had, however, married again. _Ante_, ii. 140, note I. It is
+curious that Boswell in this narrative does not mention his step-mother.
+
+[1014]
+     'Asper
+     Incolumi gravitate jocum tentavit.'
+     'Though rude his mirth, yet laboured to maintain
+     The solemn grandeur of the tragic scene.'
+
+FRANCIS. Horace, _Ars Poet_. l. 221.
+
+[1015] See _ante_, iii. 65, and v. 97.
+
+[1016] See _ante_, iv. 163, 241.
+
+[1017] Johnson (_Works_, vii. 425) says of Addison's dedication of the
+opera of _Rosamond_ to the Duchess of Marlborough, that 'it was an
+instance of servile absurdity, to be exceeded only by Joshua Barnes's
+dedication of a Greek _Anacreon_ to the Duke.' For Barnes see _ante_,
+iii. 284, and iv. 19.
+
+[1018] William Baxter, the editor of _Anacreon_, was the nephew of
+Richard Baxter, the nonconformist divine.
+
+[1019] He says of Auchinleck (_Works_, ix. 158) that 'like all the
+western side of Scotland, it is _incommoded_ by very frequent rain.' 'In
+all September we had, according to Boswell's register, only one day and
+a half of fair weather; and in October perhaps not more.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 182.
+
+[1020] 'By-the-bye,' wrote Sir Walter Scott, 'I am far from being of the
+number of those angry Scotsmen who imputed to Johnson's national
+prejudices all or a great part of the report he has given of our country
+in his _Voyage to the Hebrides_. I remember the Highlands ten or twelve
+years later, and no one can conceive of 'how much that could have been
+easily remedied travellers had to complain.' _Croker Corres_. ii. 34
+
+[1021] 'Of these islands it must be confessed, that they have not many
+allurements but to the mere lover of naked nature. The inhabitants are
+thin, provisions are scarce, and desolation and penury give little
+pleasure.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 153. In an earlier passage (p. 138),
+in describing a rough ride in Mull, he says:--'We were now long enough
+acquainted with hills and heath to have lost the emotion that they once
+raised, whether pleasing or painful, and had our minds employed only on
+our own fatigue.'
+
+[1022] See _ante_, ii. 225.
+
+[1023] In like manner Wesley said of Rousseau:--'Sure a more consummate
+coxcomb never saw the sun.... He is a cynic all over. So indeed is his
+brother-infidel, Voltaire; and well-nigh as great a coxcomb.' Wesley's
+_Journal,_, ed. 1830, iii. 386.
+
+[1024] This gentleman, though devoted to the study of grammar and
+dialecticks, was not so absorbed in it as to be without a sense of
+pleasantry, or to be offended at his favourite topicks being treated
+lightly. I one day met him in the street, as I was hastening to the
+House of Lords, and told him, I was sorry I could not stop, being rather
+too late to attend an appeal of the Duke of Hamilton against Douglas. 'I
+thought (said he) their contest had been over long ago.' I answered,
+'The contest concerning Douglas's filiation was over long ago; but the
+contest now is, who shall have the estate.' Then, assuming the air of
+'an ancient sage philosopher,' I proceeded thus: 'Were I to _predicate_
+concerning him, I should say, the contest formerly was, What _is_ he?
+The contest now is, What _has_ he?'--'Right, (replied Mr. Harris,
+smiling,) you have done with _quality_, and have got into
+_quantity_.' BOSWELL.
+
+[1025] Most likely Sir A. Macdonald. _Ante_, p. 148.
+
+[1026] Boswell wrote on March 18,1775:--'Mr. Johnson, when enumerating
+our Club, observed of some of us, that they talked from books,--Langton
+in particular. "Garrick," he said, "would talk from books, if he talked
+seriously." "_I_," said he, "do not talk from books; _you_ do not talk
+from books." This was a compliment to my originality; but I am afraid I
+have not read books enough to be able to talk from them.' _Letters of
+Boswell_, p. 181. See _ante_, ii. 360, where Johnson said to Boswell:--
+'I don't believe you have borrowed from Waller. I wish you would enable
+yourself to borrow more;' and i. 105, where he described 'a man of a
+great deal of knowledge of the world, fresh from life, not strained
+through books.'
+
+[1027] 'Lord Auchinleck has built a house of hewn stone, very stately
+and durable, and has advanced the value of his lands with great
+tenderness to his tenants. I was, however, less delighted with the
+elegance of the modern mansion, than with the sullen dignity of the old
+castle.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 159. 'The house is scarcely yet
+finished, but very magnificent and very convenient.' _Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 201. See _ante_, i. 462.
+
+[1028] See _ante_, ii. 413, and v. 91.
+
+[1029] The relation, it should seem, was remote even for Scotland. Their
+common ancestor was Robert Bruce, some sixteen generations back.
+Boswell's mother's grandmother was a Bruce of the Earl of Kincardine's
+family, and so also was his father's mother. Rogers's _Boswelliana_,
+pp. 4, 5.
+
+[1030] He refers to Johnson's pension, which was given nearly two years
+after George Ill's accession. _Ante_, i. 372.
+
+[1031] _Ante_, p. 51.
+
+[1032] He repeated this advice in 1777. _Ante_, iii. 207.
+
+[1033] 'Of their black cattle some are without horns, called by the
+Scots _humble_ cows, as we call a bee, an _humble_ bee, that wants a
+sting. Whether this difference be specifick, or accidental, though we
+inquired with great diligence, we could not be informed.' Johnson's
+_Works_, ix. 78.
+
+Johnson, in his _Dictionary_, gives the right derivation of humble-bee,
+from _hum_ and _bee_. The word _Humble-cow_ is found in _Guy Mannering_,
+ed. 1860, iii. 91:--'"Of a surety," said Sampson, "I deemed I heard his
+horse's feet." "That," said John, with a broad grin, "was Grizzel
+chasing the humble-cow out of the close."'
+
+[1034] 'Even the cattle have not their usual beauty or noble head.'
+Church and Brodribb's _Tacitus_.
+
+[1035] 'The peace you seek is here--where is it not? If your own mind
+be equal to its lot.' CROKER. Horace, I _Epistles_, xi. 29.
+
+[1036] Horace, I _Epistles_, xviii. 112.
+
+[1037] This and the next paragraph are not in the first edition. The
+paragraph that follows has been altered so as to hide the fact that the
+minister spoken of was Mr. Dun. Originally it stood:--'Mr. Dun, though a
+man of sincere good principles as a presbyterian divine, discovered,'
+&c. First edition, p. 478.
+
+[1038] See _ante_, p. 120.
+
+[1039] Old Lord Auchinleck was an able lawyer, a good scholar, after the
+manner of Scotland, and highly valued his own advantages as a man of
+good estate and ancient family; and, moreover, he was a strict
+presbyterian and Whig of the old Scottish cast. This did not prevent his
+being a terribly proud aristocrat; and great was the contempt he
+entertained and expressed for his son James, for the nature of his
+friendships and the character of the personages of whom he was _engoué_
+one after another. 'There's nae hope for Jamie, mon,' he said to a
+friend. 'Jamie is gaen clean gyte. What do you think, mon? He's done wi'
+Paoli--he's off wi' the land-louping scoundrel of a Corsican; and whose
+tail do you think he has pinned himself to now, mon?' Here the old judge
+summoned up a sneer of most sovereign contempt. 'A _dominie_, mon--an
+auld dominie: he keeped a schule, and cau'd it an acaadamy.' Probably if
+this had been reported to Johnson, he would have felt it more galling,
+for he never much liked to think of that period of his life [_ante_,
+i.97, note 2]; it would have aggravated his dislike of Lord Auchinleck's
+Whiggery and presbyterianism. These the old lord carried to such a
+height, that once, when a countryman came in to state some justice
+business, and being required to make his oath, declined to do so before
+his lordship, because he was not a _covenanted_ magistrate. 'Is that
+a'your objection, mon?' said the judge; 'come your ways in here, and
+we'll baith of us tak the solemn league and covenant together.' The oath
+was accordingly agreed and sworn to by both, and I dare say it was the
+last time it ever received such homage. It may be surmised how far Lord
+Auchinleck, such as he is here described, was likely to suit a high Tory
+and episcopalian like Johnson. As they approached Auchinleck, Boswell
+conjured Johnson by all the ties of regard, and in requital of the
+services he had rendered him upon his tour, that he would spare two
+subjects in tenderness to his father's prejudices; the first related to
+Sir John Pringle, president of the Royal Society, about whom there was
+then some dispute current: the second concerned the general question of
+Whig and Tory. Sir John Pringle, as Boswell says, escaped, but the
+controversy between Tory and Covenanter raged with great fury, and ended
+in Johnson's pressing upon the old judge the question, what good
+Cromwell, of whom he had said something derogatory, had ever done to his
+country; when, after being much tortured, Lord Auchinleck at last spoke
+out, 'God, Doctor! he gart kings ken that they had a _lith_ in their
+neck'--he taught kings they had a _joint_ in their necks. Jamie then
+set to mediating between his father and the philosopher, and availing
+himself of the judge's sense of hospitality, which was punctilious,
+reduced the debate to more order. WALTER SCOTT. Paoli had visited
+Auchinleck. Boswell wrote to Garrick on Sept. 18, 1771:--'I have just
+been enjoying the very great happiness of a visit from my illustrious
+friend, Pascal Paoli. He was two nights at Auchinleck, and you may
+figure the joy of my worthy father and me at seeing the Corsican hero in
+our romantic groves.' _Garrick Corres_. i. 436. Johnson was not blind to
+Cromwell's greatness, for he says (_Works_, vii. 197), that 'he wanted
+nothing to raise him to heroick excellence but virtue.' Lord
+Auchinleck's famous saying had been anticipated by Quin, who, according
+to Davies (_Life of Garrick_, ii. 115), had said that 'on a thirtieth of
+January every king in Europe would rise with a crick in his neck.'
+
+[1040] See _ante_, p. 252.
+
+[1041] James Durham, born 1622, died 1658, wrote many theological works.
+Chalmers's _Biog. Dict_. In the _Brit. Mus. Cata_. I can find no work by
+him on the _Galatians_; Lord Auchinleck's triumph therefore was, it
+seems, more artful than honest.
+
+[1042] Gray, it should seem, had given the name earlier. His friend
+Bonstetten says that about the year 1769 he was walking with him, when
+Gray 'exclaimed with some bitterness, "Look, look, Bonstetten! the great
+bear! There goes _Ursa Major_!" This was Johnson. Gray could not abide
+him.' Sir Egerton Brydges, quoted in Gosse's _Gray_, iii. 371. For the
+epithet _bear_ applied to Johnson see _ante_, ii. 66, 269, note i, and
+iv. 113, note 2. Boswell wrote on June 19, 1775:--'My father harps on my
+going over Scotland with a brute (think, how shockingly erroneous!), and
+wandering (or some such phrase) to London.' _Letters of Boswell_,
+p. 207.
+
+[1043] It is remarkable that Johnson in his _Life of Blackmore_
+[_Works_, viii. 42] calls the imaginary Mr. Johnson of the _Lay
+Monastery_ 'a constellation of excellence.' CROKER.
+
+[1044] Page 121. BOSWELL. See also _ante_, iii. 336.
+
+[1045] 'The late Sir Alexander Boswell,' wrote Sir Walter Scott, 'was a
+proud man, and, like his grandfather, thought that his father lowered
+himself by his deferential suit and service to Johnson. I have observed
+he disliked any allusion to the book or to Johnson himself, and I have
+heard that Johnson's fine picture by Sir Joshua was sent upstairs out of
+the sitting apartments at Auchinleck.' _Croker Corres_. ii. 32. This
+portrait, which was given by Sir Joshua to Boswell (Taylor's _Reynolds_,
+i. 147), is now in the possession of Mr. Charles Morrison.
+
+[1046] 'I have always said that first Whig was the devil.' _Ante_, iii.
+326
+
+[1047] See _ante_, ii. 26.
+
+[1048] Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. p. 266) has paid this tribute. 'Lord
+Elibank,' he writes, 'had a mind that embraced the greatest variety of
+topics, and produced the most original remarks. ... He had been a
+lieutenant-colonel in the army and was at the siege of Carthagena, of
+which he left an elegant account (which I'm afraid is lost). He was a
+Jacobite, and a member of the famous Cocoa-tree Club, and resigned his
+commission on some disgust.' Dr. Robertson and John Home were his
+neighbours in the country, 'who made him change or soften down many of
+his original opinions, and prepared him for becoming a most agreeable
+member of the Literary Society of Edinburgh.' Smollett in _Humphry
+Clinker_ (Letter of July 18), describes him as 'a nobleman whom I have
+long revered for his humanity and universal intelligence, over and above
+the entertainment arising from the originality of his character.'
+Boswell, in the _London Mag._ 1779, p. 179, thus mentions the Cocoa-tree
+Club:--'But even at Court, though I see much external obeisance, I do
+not find congenial sentiments to warm my heart; and except when I have
+the conversation of a very few select friends, I am never so well as
+when I sit down to a dish of coffee in the Cocoa Tree, sacred of old to
+loyalty, look round me to men of ancient families, and please myself
+with the consolatory thought that there is perhaps more good in the
+nation than I know.'
+
+[1049] Johnson's _Works_, vii. 380. See _ante_, i. 81.
+
+[1050] See _ante_, p. 53.
+
+[1051] The Mitre tavern. _Ante_, i. 425.
+
+[1052] Of this Earl of Kelly Boswell records the following pun:--'At a
+dinner at Mr. Crosbie's, when the company were very merry, the Rev. Dr.
+Webster told them he was sorry to go away so early, but was obliged to
+catch the tide, to cross the Firth of Forth. "Better stay a little,"
+said Thomas Earl of Kelly, "till you be half-seas over."' Rogers's
+_Boswelliana_, p. 325.
+
+[1053] See _ante_, i. 354.
+
+[1054] In the first edition, _and his son the advocate_. Under this son,
+A. F. Tytler, afterwards a Lord of Session by the title of Lord
+Woodhouselee, Scott studied history at Edinburgh College. Lockhart's
+_Scott_, ed. 1839, i. 59, 278.
+
+[1055] See _ante_, i. 396, and ii. 296.
+
+[1056] 'If we know little of the ancient Highlanders, let us not fill
+the vacuity with Ossian. If we have not searched the Magellanick
+regions, let us however forbear to people them with Patagons.' Johnson's
+_Works_, ix. 116. Horace Walpole wrote on May 22, 1766 (_Letters_, iv.
+500):--'Oh! but we have discovered a race of giants! Captain Byron has
+found a nation of Brobdignags on the coast of Patagonia; the inhabitants
+on foot taller than he and his men on horseback. I don't indeed know how
+he and his sailors came to be riding in the South Seas. However, it is a
+terrible blow to the Irish, for I suppose all our dowagers now will be
+for marrying Patagonians.'
+
+[1057] I desire not to be understood as agreeing _entirely_ with the
+opinions of Dr. Johnson, which I relate without any remark. The many
+imitations, however, of _Fingal_, that have been published, confirm this
+observation in a considerable degree. BOSWELL. Johnson said to Sir
+Joshua of Ossian:--'Sir, a man might write such stuff for ever, if he
+would _abandon_ his mind to it.' _Ante_, iv. 183.
+
+[1058] In the first edition (p. 485) this paragraph ran thus:--'Young
+Mr. Tytler stepped briskly forward, and said, "_Fingal_ is certainly
+genuine; for I have heard a great part of it repeated in the
+original."--Dr. Johnson indignantly asked him, "Sir, do you understand
+the original?"--_Tytler_. "No, Sir."--_Johnson_. "Why, then, we see to
+what this testimony comes:--Thus it is."--He afterwards said to me, "Did
+you observe the wonderful confidence with which young Tytler advanced,
+with his front already _brased_?"'
+
+[1059] For _in company_ we should perhaps read _in the company_.
+
+[1060] In the first edition, _this gentleman's talents and integrity
+are_, &c.
+
+[1061] 'A Scotchman must be a very sturdy moralist who does not love
+Scotland better than truth: he will always love it better than inquiry;
+and if falsehood flatters his vanity, will not be very diligent to
+detect it.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 116. See _ante_, ii. 311.
+
+[1062] See _ante_, p. 164.
+
+[1063] See _ante_, p. 242.
+
+[1064] See _ante_, iv. 253.
+
+[1065] Lord Chief Baron Geoffrey Gilbert published in 1760 a book on the
+Law of Evidence.
+
+[1066] See _ante_, ii. 302.
+
+[1067] Three instances, _ante_, pp. 160, 320.
+
+[1068] See _ante_, ii. 318.
+
+[1069] An instance is given in Sacheverell's _Account of the Isle of
+Man_, ed. 1702, p. 14.
+
+[1070] Mr. J. T. Clark, the Keeper of the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh,
+obligingly informs me that in the margin of the copy of Boswell's
+_Journal_ in that Library it is stated that this cause was _Wilson
+versus Maclean_.
+
+[1071] See _ante_, iv. 74, note 3.
+
+[1072] See _ante_, iii 69, 183.
+
+[1073] He is described in _Guy Mannering_, ed. 1860, iv. 98.
+
+[1074] See _ante_, p. 50.
+
+[1075] See _ante_, i. 458.
+
+[1076] 'We now observe that the Methodists, where they scatter their
+opinions, represent themselves as preaching the Gospel to unconverted
+nations; and enthusiasts of all kinds have been inclined to disguise
+their particular tenets with pompous appellations, and to imagine
+themselves the great instruments of salvation.' Johnson's _Works_,
+vi. 417.
+
+[1077]
+
+     Through various hazards and events we move.
+
+Dryden, [_Aeneid_, I. 204]. BOSWELL.
+
+[1078]
+
+     Long labours both by sea and land he bore.
+
+Dryden, [_Aeneid_, I. 3]. BOSWELL.
+
+[1079] The Jesuits, headed by Francis Xavier, made their appearance in
+Japan in 1549. The first persecution was in 1587; it was followed by
+others in 1590, 1597, 1637, 1638. _Encyclo. Brit_. 8th edit. xii. 697.
+
+[1080] 'They congratulate our return as if we had been with Phipps or
+Banks; I am ashamed of their salutations.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 203.
+Phipps had gone this year to the Arctic Ocean (_ante_, p. 236), and
+Banks had accompanied Captain Cook in 1768-1771. Johnson says however
+(_Works_, ix. 84), that 'to the southern inhabitants of Scotland the
+state of the mountains and the islands is equally unknown with that of
+Borneo or Sumatra.' See _ante_, p. 283, note 1, where Scott says that
+'the whole expedition was highly perilous.' Smollett, in _Humphry
+Clinker_ (Letter of July 18), says of Scotland in general:--'The people
+at the other end of the island know as little of Scotland as of Japan.'
+
+[1081] In sailing from Sky to Col. _Ante_, p. 280.
+
+[1082] Johnson, four years later, suggested to Boswell that he should
+write this history. _Ante_, iii. 162, 414.
+
+[1083] Voltaire was born in 1694; his _Louis XIV._ was published in 1751
+or 1752.
+
+[1084] A society for debate in Edinburgh, consisting of the most eminent
+men. BOSWELL. It was founded in 1754 by Allan Ramsay the painter, aided
+by Robertson, Hume, and Smith. Dugald Stewart (_Life of Robertson_, ed.
+1802, p. 5) says that 'it subsisted in vigour for six or seven years'
+and produced debates, such as have not often been heard in modern
+assemblies.' See also Dr. A. Carlyle's _Auto_. p. 297.
+
+[1085] 'As for Maclaurin's imitation of a _made dish_, it was a wretched
+attempt.' _Ante,_ i. 469.
+
+[1086] It was of Lord Elibank's French cook 'that he exclaimed with
+vehemence, "I'd throw such a rascal into the river."'_Ib._
+
+[1087] 'He praised _Gordon's palates_ with a warmth of expression which
+might have done honour to more important subjects.' _Ib._
+
+[1088] For the alarm he gave to Mrs. Boswell before this supper, see
+_ib._
+
+[1089] On Dr. Boswell's death, in 1780, Boswell wrote of him:--'He was a
+very good scholar, knew a great many things, had an elegant taste, and
+was very affectionate; but he had no conduct. His money was all gone.
+And do you know he was not confined to one woman. He had a strange kind
+of religion; but I flatter myself he will be ere long, if he is not
+already, in Heaven.' _Letters of Boswell_, p. 258.
+
+[1090] Johnson had written the _Life_ of 'the great Boerhaave,' as he
+called him. _Works_, vi. 292.
+
+[1091] 'At Edinburgh,' he wrote, 'I passed some days with men of
+learning, whose names want no advancement from my commemoration, or with
+women of elegance, which, perhaps, disclaims a pedant's praise.'
+Johnson's _Works_, ix. 159.
+
+[1092] See _ante_, iv. 178.
+
+[1093] 'My acquaintance,' wrote Richardson (_Corres_. iv. 317), 'lies
+chiefly among the ladies; I care not who knows it.' Mrs. Piozzi, in a
+marginal note on her own copy of the _Piozzi Letters_, says:--'Dr.
+Johnson said, that if Mr. Richardson had lived till _I_ came out, my
+praises would have added two or three years to his life. "For," says Dr.
+Johnson, "that fellow died merely from want of change among his
+flatterers: he perished for want of _more_, like a man obliged to
+breathe the same air till it is exhausted."' Hayward's _Piozzi_, i. 311.
+In her _Journey_, i. 265, she says:--'Richardson had seen little, and
+Johnson has often told me that he had read little.' See _ante_, iv. 28.
+
+[1094] He may live like a gentleman, but he must not 'call himself
+_Farmer_, and go about with a little round hat.' _Ante_, p. 111.
+
+[1095] Boswell italicises this word, I think, because Johnson objected
+to the misuse of it. '"Sir," said Mr. Edwards, "I remember you would not
+let us say _prodigious_ at college."' _Ante_, iii. 303.
+
+[1096] As I have been scrupulously exact in relating anecdotes
+concerning other persons, I shall not withhold any part of this story,
+however ludicrous.--I was so successful in this boyish frolick, that the
+universal cry of the galleries was, '_Encore_ the cow! _Encore_ the
+cow!' In the pride of my heart, I attempted imitations of some other
+animals, but with very inferior effect. My reverend friend, anxious for
+my _fame_, with an air of the utmost gravity and earnestness, addressed
+me thus: 'My dear sir, I would _confine_ myself to the _cow_.' BOSWELL.
+Blair's advice was expressed more emphatically, and with a peculiar
+_burr_--'_Stick to the cow_, mon.' WALTER SCOTT. Boswell's record, which
+moreover is far more humorous, is much more trustworthy than Scott's
+tradition.
+
+[1097] Mme. de Sévigné in describing a death wrote:--'Cela nous fit voir
+qu'on joue long-temps la comédie, et qu'à la mort on dit la vérité.'
+Letter of June 24, 1672. Addison says:--'The end of a man's life is
+often compared to the winding up of a well-written play, where the
+principal persons still act in character, whatever the fate is which
+they undergo.... That innocent mirth which had been so conspicuous in
+Sir Thomas More's life did not forsake him to the last. His death was of
+a piece with his life. There was nothing in it new, forced, or
+affected.' _The Spectator_, No. 349. Young also thought, or at least,
+wrote differently.
+
+     'A death-bed's a detector of the heart.
+      Here tired dissimulation drops her mask.'
+
+_Night Thoughts, ii._
+
+'"Mirabeau dramatized his death" was the happy expression of the Bishop
+of Autun (Talleyrand).' Dumont's _Mirabeau_, p. 251. See _ante_,
+iii. 154.
+
+[1098] See _ante_, i. 408, 447; and ii. 219, 329.
+
+[1099] Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. p. 291) says of Blair's conversation that
+'it was so infantine that many people thought it impossible, at first
+sight, that he could be a man of sense or genius. He was as eager about
+a new paper to his wife's drawing-room, or his own new wig, as about a
+new tragedy or a new epic poem.' He adds, that he was 'capable of the
+most profound conversation, when circumstances led to it. He had not the
+least desire to shine, but was delighted beyond measure to shew other
+people in their best guise to his friends. "Did not I shew you the lion
+well to-day?" used he to say after the exhibition of a remarkable
+stranger.' He had no wit, and for humour hardly a relish. Robertson's
+reputation for wisdom may have been easily won. Dr. A. Carlyle says
+(_ib_. p. 287):--'Robertson's translations and paraphrases on other
+people's thoughts were so beautiful and so harmless that I never saw
+anybody lay claim to their own.' He may have flattered Johnson by
+dexterously echoing his sentiments.
+
+[1100] In the _Marmor Norfolciense (ante_, i. 141) Johnson says:--'I
+know that the knowledge of the alphabet is so disreputable among these
+gentlemen [of the army], that those who have by ill-fortune formerly
+been taught it have partly forgot it by disuse, and partly concealed it
+from the world, to avoid the railleries and insults to which their
+education might make them liable.' Johnson's _Works,_ vi. III. See
+_ante_, iii. 265.
+
+[1101] 'One of the young ladies had her slate before her, on which I
+wrote a question consisting of three figures to be multiplied by two
+figures. She looked upon it, and quivering her fingers in a manner which
+I thought very pretty, but of which I knew not whether it was art or
+play, multiplied the sum regularly in two lines, observing the decimal
+place; but did not add the two lines together, probably disdaining so
+easy an operation.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 161.
+
+[1102]
+
+     'Words gigantic.'
+
+FRANCIS. Horace, _Ars Poet._. 1. 97.
+
+[1103] One of the best criticks of our age 'does not wish to prevent the
+admirers of the incorrect and nerveless style which generally prevailed
+for a century before Dr. Johnson's energetick writings were known, from
+enjoying the laugh that this story may produce, in which he is very
+ready to join them.' He, however, requests me to observe, that 'my
+friend very properly chose a _long_ word on this occasion, not, it is
+believed, from any predilection for polysyllables, (though he certainly
+had a due respect for them,) but in order to put Mr. Braidwood's skill
+to the strictest test, and to try the efficacy of his instruction by the
+most difficult exertion of the organs of his pupils.' BOSWELL. 'One of
+the best critics of our age' is, I believe, Malone. See _ante_, p.
+78, note 5.
+
+[1104] It was here that Lord Auchinleck called him _Ursa Major. Ante_,
+p. 384.
+
+[1105] See _ante_, iii. 266, and v. 20, where 'Mr. Crosbie said that the
+English are better animals than the Scots.'
+
+[1106] Johnson himself had laughed at them (_ante_, ii. 210) and accused
+them of foppery (_ante_, ii. 237).
+
+[1107] Johnson said, 'I never think I have hit hard, unless it rebounds
+(_ante_, ii. 335), and, 'I would rather be attacked than unnoticed'
+(_ante_, iii. 375). When he was told of a caricature 'of the nine muses
+flogging him round Parnassus,' he said, 'Sir, I am very glad to hear
+this. I hope the day will never arrive when I shall neither be the
+object of calumny or ridicule, for then I shall be neglected and
+forgotten.' Croker's _Boswell_, p. 837. See _ante_, ii. 61, and pp. 174,
+273. 'There was much laughter when M. de Lesseps mentioned that on his
+first visit to England the publisher who brought out the report of his
+meeting charged, as the first item of his bill, "£50 for attacking the
+book in order to make it succeed." "Since then," observed M. de Lesseps,
+"I have been attacked gratuitously, and have got on without paying."'
+The Times, Feb. 19, 1884.
+
+[1108]
+
+     'To wing my flight to fame.'
+
+DRYDEN. Virgil, _Georgics_, iii. 9.
+
+[1109] On Nov. 12 he wrote to Mrs. Thrale:--'We came hither (to
+Edinburgh) on the ninth of this month. I long to come under your care,
+but for some days cannot decently get away.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 202.
+
+[1110] He would have been astonished had he known that a few miles from
+Edinburgh he had passed through two villages of serfs. The coal-hewers
+and salt-makers of Tranent and Preston-Pans were still sold with the
+soil. 'In Scotland domestic slavery is unknown, except so far as regards
+the coal-hewers and salt-makers, whose condition, it must be confessed,
+bears some resemblance to slavery; because all who have once acted in
+either of the capacities are compellable to serve, and fixed to their
+respective places of employment during life.' Hargrave's _Argument in
+the case of James Sommersett_, 1772. Had Johnson known this he might
+have given as his toast when in company with some very grave men at
+_Edinburgh_:--'Here's to the next insurrection of the slaves in
+_Scotland_.' _Ante_, iii. 200.
+
+[1111] The year following in the House of Commons he railed at the
+London booksellers, 'who, he positively asserted, entirely governed the
+newspapers.' 'For his part,' he added, 'he had ordered that no English
+newspaper should come within his doors for three months.' _Parl. Hist_.
+xvii. 1090.
+
+[1112] See _ante_, iii. 373.
+
+[1113] 'At the latter end of 1630 Ben Jonson went on foot into Scotland,
+on purpose to visit Drummond. His adventures in this journey he wrought
+into a poem; but that copy, with many other pieces, was accidentally
+burned.' Whalley's _Ben Jonson_, Preface, p. xlvi.
+
+[1114] Perhaps the same woman showed the chapel who was there 29 years
+later, when Scott visited it. One of his friends 'hoped that they might,
+as habitual visitors, escape hearing the usual endless story of the
+silly old woman that showed the ruins'; but Scott answered, 'There is a
+pleasure in the song which none but the songstress knows, and by telling
+her we know it all ready we should make the poor devil unhappy.'
+Lockharts _Scott_, ed. 1839, ii. 106.
+
+[1115] _ O rare Ben Jonson_ is on Jonson's tomb in Westminster Abbey.
+
+[1116] See _ante_, ii. 365.
+
+[1117] 'Essex was at that time confined to the same chamber of the Tower
+from which his father Lord Capel had been led to death, and in which his
+wife's grandfather had inflicted a voluntary death upon himself. When he
+saw his friend carried to what he reckoned certain fate, their common
+enemies enjoying the spectacle, and reflected that it was he who had
+forced Lord Howard upon the confidence of Russel, he retired, and, by a
+_Roman death_, put an end to his misery.' Dalrymple's _Memoirs of Great
+Britain and Ireland_, vol. i. p. 36. BOSWELL. In the original after 'his
+wife's grandfather,' is added 'Lord Northumberland.' It was his wife's
+great-grandfather, the eighth Earl of Northumberland. He killed himself
+in 1585. Burke's _Peerage_.
+
+[1118] Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. p. 293) says of Robertson and
+Blair:--'Having been bred at a time when the common people thought to
+play with cards or dice was a sin, and everybody thought it an indecorum
+in clergymen, they could neither of them play at golf or bowls, and far
+less at cards or backgammon, and on that account were very unhappy when
+from home in friends' houses in the country in rainy weather. As I had
+set the first example of playing at cards at home with unlocked door
+[Carlyle was a minister], and so relieved the clergy from ridicule on
+that side, they both learned to play at whist after they were sixty.'
+See _ante_, iii. 23.
+
+[1119] See _ante_, i. 149, and v. 350.
+
+[1120] See _ante_, iv. 54.
+
+[1121] He wrote to Boswell on Nov. 16, 1776 (_ante_, iii. 93):--'The
+expedition to the Hebrides was the most pleasant journey that I ever
+made.' In his _Diary_ he recorded on Jan. 9, 1774:--'In the autumn I
+took a journey to the Hebrides, but my mind was not free from
+perturbation.' _Pr. and Med._ p. 136. The following letter to Dr. Taylor
+I have copied from the original in the possession of my friend Mr. M. M.
+Holloway:--
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+
+'When I was at Edinburgh I had a letter from you, telling me that in
+answer to some enquiry you were informed that I was in the Sky. I was
+then I suppose in the western islands of Scotland; I set out on the
+northern expedition August 6, and came back to Fleet-street, November
+26. I have seen a new region.
+
+'I have been upon seven of the islands, and probably should have visited
+many more, had we not begun our journey so late in the year, that the
+stormy weather came upon us, and the storms have I believe for about
+five months hardly any intermission.
+
+'Your Letter told me that you were better. When you write do not forget
+to confirm that account. I had very little ill health while I was on the
+journey, and bore rain and wind tolerably well. I had a cold and
+deafness only for a few days, and those days I passed at a good house. I
+have traversed the east coast of Scotland from south to north from
+Edinburgh to Inverness, and the west coast from north to south, from the
+Highlands to Glasgow, and am come back as I went,
+
+'Sir,
+
+'Your affectionate humble servant,
+
+'SAM. JOHNSON.'
+
+'Jan. 15, 1774.
+
+'To the Reverend Dr. Taylor,
+
+'in Ashbourn,
+
+'Derbyshire.'
+
+[1122] Johnson speaking of this tour on April 10, 1783, said:--'I got an
+acquisition of more ideas by it than by anything that I remember.'
+_Ante_, iv. 199.
+
+[1123] See _ante_, p. 48.
+
+[1124] See _ante_, i. 408, 443, note 2, and ii. 303.
+
+[1125] 'It may be doubted whether before the Union any man between
+Edinburgh and England had ever set a tree.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 8.
+
+[1126] See _ante_, p. 69.
+
+[1127] Lord Balmerino's estate was forfeited to the Crown on his
+conviction for high treason in 1746 (_ante_, i. 180).
+
+[1128] 'I know not that I ever heard the wind so loud in any other
+place; and Mr. Boswell observed that its noise was all its own, for
+there were no trees to increase it.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 122. See
+_ante_, p. 304.
+
+[1129] See _ante_, ii. 300.
+
+[1130] 'Strong reasons for incredulity will readily occur. This faculty
+of seeing things out of sight is local and commonly useless. It is a
+breach of the common order of things, without any visible reason or
+perceptible benefit.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 106.
+
+[1131] 'To the confidence of these objections it may be replied... that
+second sight is only wonderful because it is rare, for, considered in
+itself, it involves no more difficulty than dreams.' _Ib._
+
+[1132] The fossilist of last century is the geologist of this. Neither
+term is in Johnson's _Dictionary_, but Johnson in his _Journey (Works_,
+ix. 43) speaks of 'Mr. Janes the fossilist.'
+
+[1133] _Ib_. p. 157.
+
+[1134] _Ib_. p. 6. I do not see anything silly in the story. It is
+however better told in a letter to Mrs. Thrale. _Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 112.
+
+[1135] Mr. Orme, one of the ablest historians of this age, is of the
+same opinion. He said to me, 'There are in that book thoughts, which, by
+long revolution in the great mind of Johnson, have been formed and
+polished--like pebbles rolled in the ocean.' BOSWELL. See _ante_, ii.
+300, and iii. 284.
+
+[1136] See _ante_, iii. 301.
+
+[1137] Johnson (_Works_, ix. 158) mentions 'a national combination so
+invidious that their friends cannot defend it.' See _ante_, ii.
+307, 311.
+
+[1138] See _ante_, p. 269, note 1.
+
+[1139] Every reader will, I am sure, join with me in warm admiration of
+the truly patriotic writer of this letter. I know not which most to
+applaud--that good sense and liberality of mind, which could see and
+admit the defects of his native country, to which no man is a more
+zealous friend:--or that candour, which induced him to give just praise
+to the minister whom he honestly and strenuously opposed. BOSWELL.
+
+[1140] The original MS. is now in my possession. BOSWELL.
+
+[1141] The passage that gave offence was as follows:--'Mr. Macleod is
+the proprietor of the islands of Raasay, Rona, and Fladda, and possesses
+an extensive district in Sky. The estate has not during four hundred
+years gained or lost a single acre. He acknowledges Macleod of Dunvegan
+as his chief, though his ancestors have formerly disputed the
+pre-eminence.' First edition, p. 132. The second edition was not
+published till the year after Johnson's death. In it the passage remains
+unchanged. To it the following note was prefixed: 'Strand, Oct. 26,
+1785. Since this work was printed off, the publisher, having been
+informed that the author some years ago had promised the Laird of Raasay
+to correct in a future edition a passage concerning him, thinks it a
+justice due to that gentleman to insert here the advertisement relative
+to this matter, which was published by Dr. Johnson's desire in the
+Edinburgh newspapers in the year 1775, and which has been lately
+reprinted in Mr. Boswell's _Tour to the Hebrides_.' (It is not unlikely
+that the publication of Boswell's _Tour_ occasioned a fresh demand for
+Johnson's _Journey_.) In later editions all the words after 'a single
+acre' are silently struck out. Johnson's _Works_, ix. 55. See
+_ante_, ii. 382.
+
+[1142] Rasay was highly gratified, and afterwards visited and dined with
+Dr. Johnson at his house in London. BOSWELL. Johnson wrote on May 12,
+1775:--'I have offended; and what is stranger, have justly offended, the
+nation of Rasay. If they could come hither, they would be as fierce as
+the Americans. _Rasay_ has written to Boswell an account of the injury
+done him by representing his house as subordinate to that of Dunvegan.
+Boswell has his letter, and, I believe, copied my answer. I have
+appeased him, if a degraded chief can possibly be appeased: but it will
+be thirteen days--days of resentment and discontent--before my
+recantation can reach him. Many a dirk will imagination, during that
+interval, fix in my heart. I really question if at this time my life
+would not be in danger, if distance did not secure it. Boswell will find
+his way to Streatham before he goes, and will detail this great affair.'
+_Piozzi Letters_, i. 216.
+
+[1143] In like manner he communicated to Sir William Forbes part of his
+journal from which he made the _Life of Johnson_. _Ante_, iii. 208.
+
+[1144] In justice both to Sir William Forbes, and myself, it is proper
+to mention, that the papers which were submitted to his perusal
+contained only an account of our Tour from the time that Dr. Johnson and
+I set out from Edinburgh (p. 58), and consequently did not contain the
+elogium on Sir William Forbes, (p. 24), which he never saw till this
+book appeared in print; nor did he even know, when he wrote the above
+letter, that this _Journal_ was to be published. BOSWELL. This note is
+not in the first edition.
+
+[1145] _Hamlet_, act iii. sc. 1.
+
+[1146] Both _Nonpareil_ and _Bon Chretien_ are in Johnson's
+_Dictionary_; _Nonpareil_, is defined as _a kind of apple_, and _Bon
+Chretien_ as _a species of pear_.
+
+[1147] See _ante_, p. 311.
+
+[1148] See _ante_, iv. 9.
+
+[1149] 'Dryden's contemporaries, however they reverenced his genius,
+left his life unwritten; and nothing therefore can be known beyond what
+casual mention and uncertain tradition have supplied.' Johnson's
+_Works_, vii. 245. See _ante_, iii. 71.
+
+[1150]
+
+     'Before great Agamemnon reign'd
+      Reign'd kings as great as he, and brave
+      Whose huge ambition's now contain'd
+      In the small compass of a grave;
+      In endless night they sleep, unwept, unknown,
+      No bard had they to make all time their own.'
+
+FRANCIS. Horace, _Odes_, iv. 9. 25.
+
+[1151] Having found, on a revision of the first edition of this work,
+that, notwithstanding my best care, a few observations had escaped me,
+which arose from the instant impression, the publication of which might
+perhaps be considered as passing the bounds of a strict decorum, I
+immediately ordered that they should be omitted in the subsequent
+editions. I was pleased to find that they did not amount in the whole to
+a page. If any of the same kind are yet left, it is owing to
+inadvertence alone, no man being more unwilling to give pain to others
+than I am.
+
+A contemptible scribbler, of whom I have learned no more than that,
+after having disgraced and deserted the clerical character, he picks up
+in London a scanty livelihood by scurrilous lampoons under a feigned
+name, has impudently and falsely asserted that the passages omitted were
+_defamatory_, and that the omission was not voluntary, but compulsory.
+The last insinuation I took the trouble publickly to disprove; yet, like
+one of Pope's dunces, he persevered in 'the lie o'erthrown.' [_Prologue
+to the Satires_, l. 350.] As to the charge of defamation, there is an
+obvious and certain mode of refuting it. Any person who thinks it worth
+while to compare one edition with the other, will find that the passages
+omitted were not in the least degree of that nature, but exactly such as
+I have represented them in the former part of this note, the hasty
+effusion of momentary feelings, which the delicacy of politeness should
+have suppressed. BOSWELL. In the second edition this note ended at the
+first paragraph, the latter part being added in the third. For the 'few
+observations omitted' see _ante_, pp. 148, 381, 388.
+
+The 'contemptible scribbler' was, I believe, John Wolcot, better known
+by his assumed name of Peter Pindar. He had been a clergyman. In his
+_Epistle to Boswell (Works_, i. 219), he says in reference to the
+passages about Sir A. Macdonald (afterwards Lord Macdonald):--'A letter
+of severe remonstrance was sent to Mr. B., who, in consequence, omitted
+in the second edition of his _Journal_ what is so generally pleasing to
+the public, viz., the scandalous passages relative to that nobleman.' It
+was in a letter to the _Gent. Mag._ 1786, p. 285, that Boswell
+'publickly disproved the insinuation' made 'in a late scurrilous
+publication' that these passages 'were omitted in consequence of a
+letter from his Lordship. Nor was any application,' he continues, 'made
+to me by the nobleman alluded to at any time to make any alteration in
+my _Journal_.'
+
+[1152]
+
+         'Nothing extenuate
+     Nor set down aught in malice.'
+
+_Othello_, act v. sc. 2.
+
+[1153] See _ante_, i. 189, note 2, 296, 297; and Johnson's _Works_, v.
+23.
+
+[1154] Of his two imitations Boswell means _The Vanity of Human Wishes_,
+of which one hundred lines were written in a day. _Ante_, i. 192,
+and ii. 15.
+
+[1155] Johnson, it should seem, did not allow that there was any
+pleasure in writing poetry. 'It has been said there is pleasure in
+writing, particularly in writing verses. I allow you may have pleasure
+from writing after it is over, if you have written well; but you don't
+go willingly to it again.' _Ante_, iv. 219. What Johnson always sought
+was to sufficiently occupy the mind. So long as that was done, that
+labour would, I believe, seem to him the pleasanter which required the
+less thought.
+
+[1156] Nathan Bailey published his _English Dictionary_ in 1721.
+
+[1157]
+
+     'Woolston, the scourge of scripture, mark with awe!
+      And mighty Jacob, blunderbuss of law.'
+
+_The Dunciad_, first ed., bk. iii. l. 149. Giles Jacob published a _Law
+Dictionary_ in 1729.
+
+[1158] _Ante_, p. 393.
+
+[1159] A writer in the _Gent. Mag._ 1786, p. 388, with some reason
+says:--'I heartily wish Mr. Boswell would get this Latin poem translated.'
+
+[1160] Boswell, briefly mentioning the tour which Johnson made to Wales
+in the year 1774 with Mr. and Mrs. Thrale, says:--'I do not find that
+he kept any journal or notes of what he saw there' (_ante_, ii. 285). A
+journal had been kept however, which in 1816 was edited and published by
+Mr. Duppa. Mrs. Piozzi, writing in October of that year, says that three
+years earlier she had been shewn the MS. by a Mr. White, and that it was
+genuine. 'The gentleman who possessed it seemed shy of letting me read
+the whole, and did not, as it appeared, like being asked how it came
+into his hands.' Hayward's _Piozzi_, ii. 177. According to Mr. Croker
+(Croker's _Boswell_, p. 415) 'it was preserved by Johnson's servant,
+Barber. How it escaped Boswell's research is not known.' A fragment of
+Johnson's _Annals_, also preserved by Barber, had in like manner never
+been seen by Boswell; _ante_, i. 35, note 1. The editor of these
+_Annals_ says (Preface, p. v):--'Francis Barber, unwilling that all the
+MSS. of his illustrious master should be utterly lost, preserved these
+relicks from the flames. By purchase from Barber's widow they came into
+the possession of the editor.' It seems likely that Barber was afraid to
+own what he had done; though as he was the residuary legatee he was safe
+from all consequences, unless the executors of the will who were to hold
+the residue of the estate in trust for him had chosen to proceed against
+him. Mr. Duppa in editing this Journal received assistance from Mrs.
+Piozzi, 'who,' he says (Preface, p. xi), 'explained many facts which
+could not otherwise have been understood.' A passage in one of her
+letters dated Bath, Oct. 11, 1816, shows how unfriendly were the
+relations between her and her eldest daughter, Johnson's Queeny, who had
+married Admiral Lord Keith. 'I am sadly afraid,' she writes, 'of Lady
+K.'s being displeased, and fancying I promoted this publication. Could I
+have caught her for a quarter-of-an-hour, I should have proved my
+innocence, and might have shown her Duppa's letter; but she left neither
+note, card, nor message, and when my servant ran to all the inns in
+chase of her, he learned that she had left the White Hart at twelve
+o'clock. Vexatious! but it can't be helped. I hope the pretty little
+girl my people saw with her will pay her more tender attention.' Three
+days later she wrote:--'Johnson's _Diary_ is selling rapidly, though the
+contents are _bien maigre_, I must confess. Mr. Duppa has politely
+suppressed some sarcastic expressions about my family, the Cottons, whom
+we visited at Combermere, and at Lleweney.' Hayward's _Piozzi_, ii.
+176-9. Mr. Croker in 1835 was able to make 'a collation of the original
+MS., which has supplied many corrections and some omissions in Mr.
+Duppa's text.' Mr. Croker's text I have generally followed.
+
+[1161] 'When I went with Johnson to Lichfield, and came down to
+breakfast at the inn, my dress did not please him, and he made me alter
+it entirely before he would stir a step with us about the town, saying
+most satirical things concerning the appearance I made in a
+riding-habit; and adding, "'Tis very strange that such eyes as yours
+cannot discern propriety of dress; if I had a sight only half as good, I
+think I should see to the centre."' Piozzi's _Anec_. p. 288.
+
+[1162] For Mrs. (Miss) Porter, Mrs. (Miss) Aston, Mr. Green, Mrs. Cobb,
+Mr. (Peter) Garrick, Miss Seward, and Dr. Taylor, see _ante_,
+ii. 462-473.
+
+[1163] Dr. Erasmus Darwin, the physiologist and poet, grandfather of
+Charles Darwin. Mrs. Piozzi when at Florence wrote:--'I have no roses
+equal to those at Lichfield, where on one tree I recollect counting
+eighty-four within my own reach; it grew against the house of Dr.
+Darwin.' Piozzi's _Journey_, i. 278.
+
+[1164] See _ante_, iii. 124, for mention of her father and brother.
+
+[1165] The verse in _Martial_ is:--
+
+     'Defluat, et lento splendescat turbida limo.'
+
+In the common editions it has the number 45, and not 44. DUPPA.
+
+[1166] See _ante_, iii. 187.
+
+[1167] Johnson wrote on Nov. 27, 1772, 'I was yesterday at Chatsworth.
+They complimented me with playing the fountain and opening the cascade.
+But I am of my friend's opinion, that when one has seen the ocean
+cascades are but little things.' _Piozzi Letters_, i.69.
+
+[1168] 'A water-work with a concealed spring, which, upon touching,
+spouted out streams from every bough of a willow-tree.' _Piozzi
+MS_. CROKER.
+
+[1169] A race-horse, which attracted so much of Dr. Johnson's attention,
+that he said, 'of all the Duke's possessions, I like Atlas best.' DUPPA.
+
+[1170] For Johnson's last visit to Chatsworth, see _ante_, iv. 357, 367.
+
+[1171] 'From the Muses, Sir Thomas More bore away the first crown,
+Erasmus the second, and Micyllus has the third.' In the MS. Johnson has
+introduced [Greek: aeren] by the side of [Greek: eilen], DUPPA. 'Jacques
+Moltzer, en Latin Micyllus. Ce surnom lui fut donné le jour où il
+remplissait avec le plus grand succès le rôle de Micyllus dans _Le
+Songe_ de Lucien qui, arrange en drame, fut représenté au collège de
+Francfort. Né en 1503, mort en 1558.' _Nouv. Biog. Gén._ xxxv. 922.
+
+[1172] See _ante_, ii. 324, note I, and iii. 138.
+
+[1173] Mr. Gilpin was an undergraduate at Oxford. DUPPA.
+
+[1174] John Parker, of Brownsholme, in Lancashire [Browsholme, in
+Yorkshire], Esq. DUPPA.
+
+[1175] Mrs. Piozzi 'rather thought' that this was _Capability Brown_
+[_ante_, iii. 400]. CROKER.
+
+[1176] Mr. Gell, of Hopton Hall, father of Sir William Gell, well known
+for his topography of Troy. DUPPA.
+
+[1177] See _ante_, iii. 160, for a visit paid by Johnson and Boswell to
+Kedleston in 1777.
+
+[1178] See _ante_, iii. 164.
+
+[1179] The parish of Prestbury. DUPPA.
+
+[1180] At this time the seat of Sir Lynch Salusbury Cotton [Mrs.
+Thrale's relation], now, of Lord Combermere, his grandson, from which
+place he takes his title. DUPPA.
+
+[1181] Shavington Hall, in Shropshire. DUPPA.
+
+[1182] 'To guard. To adorn with lists, laces or ornamental borders.
+Obsolete.' Johnson's _Dictionary._
+
+[1183] Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale on Nov. 13, 1783:--'You seem to
+mention Lord Kilmurrey _(sic)_ as a stranger. We were at his house in
+Cheshire [Shropshire].... Do not you remember how he rejoiced in having
+_no_ park? He could not disoblige his neighbours by sending them _no_
+venison.' _Piozzi Letters,_ ii. 326.
+
+[1184] This remark has reference to family conversation. Robert was the
+eldest son of Sir L.S. Cotton, and lived at Lleweney. DUPPA.
+
+[1185] _Paradise Lost,_ book xi. v. 642. DUPPA.
+
+[1186] See Mrs. Piozzi's _Synonymy_, i. 323, for an anecdote of this
+walk.
+
+[1187] Lleweney Hall was the residence of Robert Cotton, Esq., Mrs.
+Thrale's cousin german. Here Mr. and Mrs. Thrale and Dr. Johnson staid
+three weeks. DUPPA. Mrs. Piozzi wrote in 1817:--'Poor old Lleweney Hall!
+pulled down after standing 1000 years in possession of the Salusburys.'
+Hayward's _Piozzi_, ii. 206.
+
+[1188] Johnson's name for Mrs. Thrale. _Ante,_ i. 494.
+
+[1189] Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale on Sept. 13, 1777:--'Boswell wants
+to see Wales; but except the woods of Bachycraigh, what is there in
+Wales? What that can fill the hunger of ignorance, or quench the thirst
+of curiosity?' _Piozzi Letters,_ i. 367. _Ante,_ iii. 134, note 1.
+
+[1190] Pennant gives a description of this house, in a tour he made into
+North Wales in 1780:--'Not far from Dymerchion, lies half buried in
+woods the singular house of Bâch y Graig. It consists of a mansion of
+three sides, enclosing a square court. The first consists of a vast hall
+and parlour: the rest of it rises into six wonderful stories, including
+the cupola; and forms from the second floor the figure of a pyramid: the
+rooms are small and inconvenient. The bricks are admirable, and appear
+to have been made in Holland; and the model of the house was probably
+brought from Flanders, where this kind of building is not unfrequent. It
+was built by Sir Richard Clough, an eminent merchant, in the reign of
+Queen Elizabeth. The initials of his name are in iron on the front, with
+the date 1567, and on the gateway 1569.' DUPPA.
+
+[1191] Bishop Shipley, whom Johnson described as _'knowing and
+convertible' Ante,_ iv. 246. Johnson, in his _Dictionary_, says that
+_'conversable_ is sometimes written _conversible_, but improperly.'
+
+[1192] William Lloyd, Bishop of St. Asaph and afterwards of Worcester.
+He was one of the seven Bishops who were sent to the Tower in 1688. His
+character is drawn by Burnet, _History of His Own Time_, ed. 1818, i.
+210. It was he of whom Bishop Wilkins said that 'Lloyd had the most
+learning in ready cash of any he ever knew.' _Ante_, ii. 256, note 3.
+
+[1193] A curious account of Dodwell and 'the paradoxes after which he
+seemed to hunt' is given in Burnet, iv. 303. He was Camden Professor of
+Ancient History in the University of Oxford. 'It was about him that
+William III uttered those memorable words: "He has set his heart on
+being a martyr; and I have set mine on disappointing him."' Macaulay's
+_England_, ed. 1874, iv. 226. See Hearne in Leland's _Itin._, 3rd ed.
+v. 136.
+
+[1194] By Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, in 1579. DUPPA.
+
+[1195] See _ante_, iii. 357, and v. 42.
+
+[1196] Perhaps Johnson wrote _mere_.
+
+[1197] Humphry Llwyd was a native of Denbigh, and practised there as a
+physician, and also represented the town in Parliament. He died 1568,
+aged 41. DUPPA.
+
+[1198] Mrs. Thrale's father. DUPPA.
+
+[1199] Cowper wrote a few years later in the first book of _The Task_,
+in his description of the grounds at Weston Underwood:--
+
+     'Not distant far a length of colonnade
+      Invites us. Monument of ancient taste,
+      Now scorned, but worthy of a better fate.
+      Our fathers knew the value of a screen
+      From sultry suns, and in their shaded walks
+      And long-protracted bowers enjoyed at noon
+      The gloom and coolness of declining day.
+      We bear our shades about us: self-deprived
+      Of other screen, the thin umbrella spread,
+      And range an Indian waste without a tree.
+      Thanks to Benevolus [A]--he spares me yet
+      These chestnuts ranged in corresponding lines,
+      And though himself so polished still reprieves
+      The obsolete prolixity of shade.'
+
+
+
+[1200] Such a passage as this shews that Johnson was not so insensible
+to nature as is often asserted. Mrs. Piozzi (_Anec._ p. 99) says:--'Mr.
+Thrale loved prospects, and was mortified that his friend could not
+enjoy the sight of those different dispositions of wood and water, hill
+and valley, that travelling through England and France affords a man.
+But when he wished to point them out to his companion: "Never heed such
+nonsense," would he reply; "a blade of grass is always a blade of grass,
+whether in one country or another. Let us, if we _do_ talk, talk about
+something; men and women are my subjects of enquiry; let us see how
+these differ from those we have left behind."' She adds (p. 265):--
+'Walking in a wood when it rained was, I think, the only rural image he
+pleased his fancy with; "for," says he, "after one has gathered the
+apples in an orchard, one wishes them well baked, and removed to a
+London eating-house for enjoyment."' See _ante_, pp. 132, note 1, 141,
+note 2, 333, note i, and 346, note i, for Johnson's descriptions of
+scenery. Passages in his letters shew that he had some enjoyment of
+country life. Thus he writes:--'I hope to see standing corn in some part
+of the earth this summer, but I shall hardly smell hay or suck clover
+flowers.' _Piozzi Letters_, ii. 140. 'What I shall do next I know not;
+all my schemes of rural pleasure have been some way or other
+disappointed.' _Ib._ p. 372. 'I hope Mrs. ------ when she came to her
+favourite place found her house dry, and her woods growing, and the
+breeze whistling, and the birds singing, and her own heart dancing.'
+_Ib._ p. 401. In this very trip to Wales, after describing the high bank
+of a river 'shaded by gradual rows of trees,' he writes:--'The gloom,
+the stream, and the silence generate thoughtfulness.' _Post,_ p. 454.
+
+[A] Mr. Throckmorton the owner.
+
+[1201] In the MS. in Dr. Johnson's handwriting, he has first entered in
+his diary, 'The old Clerk had great appearance of joy at seeing his
+Mistress, and foolishly said that he was now willing to die:' he
+afterwards wrote in a separate column, on the same leaf, under the head
+of _notes and omissions,_ 'He had a crown;' and then he appears to have
+read over his diary at a future time, and interlined the paragraph with
+the words 'only'--'given him by my Mistress,' which is written in ink of
+a different colour. DUPPA. 'If Mr. Duppa,' wrote Mrs. Piozzi, 'does not
+send me a copy of Johnson's _Diary,_ he is as shabby as it seems our
+Doctor thought me, when I gave but a crown to the old clerk. The poor
+clerk had probably never seen a crown in his possession before. Things
+were very distant A.D. 1774 from what they are 1816.' Hayward's
+_Piozzi,_ ii. 178. Mrs. Piozzi writes as if Johnson's censure had been
+passed in 1816 and not in 1774.
+
+[1202] Mrs. Piozzi has the following MS. note on this:--'He said I
+flattered the people to whose houses we went. I was saucy, and said I
+was obliged to be civil for two, meaning himself and me. He replied
+nobody would thank me for compliments they did not understand. At
+Gwaynynog _he_ was flattered, and was happy of course.' Hayward's
+_Piozzi,_ i. 75. Sept. 21, 1778. _Mrs. Thrale._ 'I remember, Sir, when
+we were travelling in Wales, how you called me to account for my
+civility to the people. "Madam," you said, "let me have no more of this
+idle commendation of nothing. Why is it that whatever you see, and
+whoever you see, you are to be so indiscriminately lavish of praise?"
+"Why I'll tell you, Sir," said I, "when I am with you, and Mr. Thrale,
+and Queeny [Miss Thrale], I am obliged to be civil for four."' Mme.
+D'Arblay's _Diary,_ i. 132. On June 11, 1775, he wrote to Mrs. Thrale
+from Lichfield:--'Everybody remembers you all: you left a good
+impression behind you. I hope you will do the same at------. Do not make
+them speeches. Unusual compliments, to which there is no stated and
+prescriptive answer, embarrass the feeble, who know not what to say, and
+disgust the wise, who knowing them to be false suspect them to be
+hypocritical.' _Piozzi Letters,_ i. 232. She records that he once said
+to her:--'You think I love flattery, and so I do, but a little too much
+always disgusts me. That fellow Richardson [the novelist] on the
+contrary could not be contented to sail quietly down the stream of
+reputation, without longing to taste the froth from every stroke of the
+oar.' Piozzi's _Anec._ p. 184. See _ante_, iii. 293, for Johnson's
+rebuke of Hannah More's flattery.
+
+[1203] Johnson, in his Dictionary, defines _calamine_ or _lapis
+calaminaris_ as _a kind of fossile bituminous earth, which being mixed
+with copper changes it into brass._ It is native siliceous oxide of
+zinc. _The Imperial Dictionary._
+
+[1204] See _ante,_ iii. 164.
+
+[1205] 'No' or 'little' is here probably omitted. CROKER.
+
+[1206] The name of this house is Bodryddan; formerly the residence of
+the Stapyltons, the parents of five co-heiresses, of whom Mrs. Cotton,
+afterwards Lady Salusbury Cotton, was one. DUPPA.
+
+[1207] 'Dr. Johnson, whose ideas of anything not positively large were
+ever mingled with contempt, asked of one of our sharp currents in North
+Wales, "Has this _brook_ e'er a name?" and received for answer, "Why,
+dear Sir, this is the _River_ Ustrad." "Let us," said he, turning to his
+friend, "jump over it directly, and shew them how an Englishman should
+treat a Welsh river."' Piozzi's _Synonymy,_ i. 82.
+
+[1208] See _ante_, i. 313, note 4.
+
+[1209] On Aug. 16 he wrote to Mr. Levett:--'I have made nothing of the
+Ipecacuanha.' _Ante_, ii. 282. Mr. Croker suggests that _up_ is omitted
+after 'I gave.'
+
+[1210] See _post_, p. 453.
+
+[1211] F.G. are the printer's signatures, by which it appears that at
+this time four sheets (B, C, D, E), or 64 pages had already been
+printed. The MS. was 'put to the press' on June 20. _Ante_, ii. 278.
+
+[1212] The English version Psalm 36 begins,--'My heart sheweth me the
+wickedness of the ungodly,' which has no relation to 'Dixit injustus.'
+
+[1213] This alludes to 'A prayer by R.W., (evidently Robert Wisedom)
+which Sir Henry Ellis, of the British Museum, has found among the Hymns
+which follow the old version of the singing Psalms, at the end of
+Barker's _Bible_ of 1639. It begins,
+
+     'Preserve us, Lord, by thy deare word,
+      From Turk and Pope, defend us Lord,
+      Which both would thrust out of his throne
+      Our Lord Jesus Christ, thy deare son.'
+
+CROKER.
+
+[1214] 'Proinde quum dominus Matth. 6 docet discipulos suos ne in orando
+multiloqui sint, nihil aliud docet quam ne credant deum inani verborum
+strepitu flecti rem eandem subinde flagitantium. Nam Graecis est [Greek:
+battologaesate]. [Greek: Battologein] autem illis dicitur qui voces
+easdem frequenter iterant sine causa, vel loquacitatis, vel naturae, vel
+consuetudinis vitio. Alioqui juxta precepta rhetorum nonnunquam laudis
+est iterare verba, quemadmodum et Christus in cruce clamitat. Deus meus,
+deus meus: non erat illa [Greek: battologia], sed ardens ac vehemens
+affectus orantis.' Erasmus's _Works_, ed. 1540, v. 927.
+
+[1215] This alludes to Southwell's stanzas 'Upon the Image of Death,' in
+his _Maeonia_, [Maeoniae] a collection of spiritual poems:--
+
+     'Before my face the picture hangs,
+        That daily should put me in mind
+      Of those cold names and bitter pangs
+        That shortly I am like to find:
+      But, yet, alas! full little I
+      Do thinke hereon that I must die.' &c.
+
+Robert Southwell was an English Jesuit, who was imprisoned, tortured,
+and finally, in Feb. 1598 [1595] executed for teaching the Roman
+Catholic tenets in England. CROKER.
+
+[1216] This work, which Johnson was now reading, was, most probably, a
+little book, entitled _Baudi Epistolae_. In his _Life of Milton_
+[_Works_, vii. 115], he has made a quotation from it. DUPPA.
+
+[1217] Bishop Shipley had been an Army Chaplain. _Ante_, iii. 251.
+
+[1218] The title of the poem is [Greek: Poiaema nouthetikon]. DUPPA.
+
+[1219] This entry refers to the following passage in Leland's
+_Itinerary_, published by Thomas Hearne, ed. 1744, iv. 112. 'B. _Smith_
+in K.H.7. dayes, and last Bishop of _Lincolne_, beganne a new Foundation
+at this place settinge up a Mr. there with 2. Preistes, and 10. poore
+Men in an Hospitall. He sett there alsoe a Schoole-Mr. to teach Grammer
+that hath 10._l_. by the yeare, and an Under-Schoole-Mr. that hath
+5._l_. by the yeare. King H.7. was a great Benefactour to this new
+Foundation, and gave to it an ould Hospitall called Denhall in Wirhall
+in Cheshire.'
+
+[1220] _A Journey to Meqwinez, the Residence of the present Emperor of
+Fez and Morocco, on the Occasion of Commodore Stewart's Embassy thither,
+for the Redemption of the British captives, in the Year 1721_. DUPPA.
+
+[1221] The _Bibliotheca Literaria_ was published in London, 1722-4, in
+4to numbers, but only extended to ten numbers. DUPPA.
+
+[1222] By this expression it would seem, that on this day Johnson ate
+sparingly. DUPPA.
+
+[1223] 'A weakness of the knees, not without some pain in walking, which
+I feel increased after I have dined.' DUPPA.
+
+[1224] Penmaen Mawr is a huge rock, rising nearly 1550 feet
+perpendicular above the sea. Along a shelf of this precipice, is formed
+an excellent road, well guarded, toward the sea, by a strong wall,
+supported in many parts by arches turned underneath it. Before this wall
+was built, travellers sometimes fell down the precipices. DUPPA.
+
+[1225] See _post_, p. 453.
+
+[1226] 'Johnson said that one of the castles in Wales would contain all
+the castles that he had seen in Scotland.' _Ante_, ii. 285.
+
+[1227] This gentleman was a lieutenant in the Navy. DUPPA.
+
+[1228] Lady Catharine Percival, daughter of the second Earl of Egmont:
+this was, it appears, the lady of whom Mrs. Piozzi relates, that 'For a
+lady of quality, since dead, who received us at her husband's seat in
+Wales with less attention than he had long been accustomed to, he had a
+rougher denunciation:--"That woman," cried Johnson, "is like sour small
+beer, the beverage of her table, and produce of the wretched country she
+lives in: like that, she could never have been a good thing, and even
+that bad thing is spoiled."' [_Anec_. p. 171.] And it is probably of
+her, too, that another anecdote is told:--'We had been visiting at a
+lady's house, whom, as we returned, some of the company ridiculed for
+her ignorance:--"She is not ignorant," said he, "I believe, of any
+thing she has been taught, or of any thing she is desirous to know; and
+I suppose if one wanted a little _run tea_, she might be a proper person
+enough to apply to.'" [_Ib_. p. 219.] Mrs. Piozzi says, in her MS.
+letters, 'that Lady Catharine comes off well in the _diary_. He _said_
+many severe things of her, which he did not commit to paper.' She died
+in 1782. CROKER.
+
+[1229] Johnson described in 1762 his disappointment on his return to
+Lichfield. _Ante_, i. 370.
+
+[1230] 'It was impossible not to laugh at the patience Doctor Johnson
+shewed, when a Welsh parson of mean abilities, though a good heart,
+struck with reverence at the sight of Dr. Johnson, whom he had heard of
+as the greatest man living, could not find any words to answer his
+inquiries concerning a motto round somebody's arms which adorned a
+tomb-stone in Ruabon church-yard. If I remember right, the words were,
+
+     Heb Dw, Heb Dym,
+     Dw o' diggon.
+
+And though of no very difficult construction, the gentleman seemed
+wholly confounded, and unable to explain them; till Mr. Johnson, having
+picked out the meaning by little and little, said to the man, "_Heb_ is
+a preposition, I believe, Sir, is it not?" My countryman recovering some
+spirits upon the sudden question, cried out, "So I humbly presume, Sir,"
+very comically.' Piozzi's _Anec_. p. 238. The Welsh words, which are the
+Myddelton motto, mean, 'Without God, without all. God is
+all-sufficient.' _Piozzi MS_. Croker's _Boswell_, p. 423.
+
+[1231] In 1809 the whole income for Llangwinodyl, including surplice
+fees, amounted to forty-six pounds two shillings and twopence, and for
+Tydweilliog, forty-three pounds nineteen shillings and tenpence; so that
+it does not appear that Mr. Thrale carried into effect his good
+intention. DUPPA.
+
+[1232] Mr. Thrale was near-sighted, and could not see the goats browsing
+on Snowdon, and he promised his daughter, who was a child of ten years
+old, a penny for every goat she would shew him, and Dr. Johnson kept the
+account; so that it appears her father was in debt to her one hundred
+and forty-nine pence. Queeny was the epithet, which had its origin in
+the nursery, by which Miss Thrale was always distinguished by Johnson.
+DUPPA. Her name was Esther. The allusion was to Queen Esther. Johnson
+often pleasantly mentions her in his letters to her mother. Thus on July
+27, 1780, he writes:--'As if I might not correspond with my Queeney, and
+we might not tell one another our minds about politicks or morals, or
+anything else. Queeney and I are both steady and may be trusted; we are
+none of the giddy gabblers, we think before we speak.' _Piozzi Letters_,
+ii. 169. Four days later he wrote:--'Tell my pretty dear Queeney, that
+when we meet again, we will have, at least for some time, two lessons in
+a day. I love her and think on her when I am alone; hope we shall be
+very happy together and mind our books.' _Ib_. p. 173.
+
+[1233] See _ante_, iv. 421, for the inscription on an urn erected by Mr.
+Myddelton 'on the banks of a rivulet where Johnson delighted to stand
+and repeat verses.' On Sept. 18, 1777, Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale:
+--'Mr. ----'s erection of an urn looks like an intention to bury me
+alive; I would as willingly see my friend, however benevolent and
+hospitable, quietly inurned. Let him think for the present of some more
+acceptable memorial.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 371.
+
+[1234] Johnson wrote on Oct. 24, 1778:--'My two clerical friends Darby
+and Worthington have both died this month. I have known Worthington
+long, and to die is dreadful. I believe he was a very good man.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, ii. 26.
+
+[1235] Thomas, the second Lord Lyttelton. DUPPA.
+
+[1236] Mr. Gwynn the architect was a native of Shrewsbury, and was at
+this time completing a bridge across the Severn, called the English
+Bridge: besides this bridge, he built one at Acham, over the Severn,
+near to Shrewsbury; and the bridges at Worcester, Oxford [Magdalen
+Bridge], and Henley. DUPPA. He was also the architect of the Oxford
+Market, which was opened in 1774. _Oxford during the Last Century_, ed.
+1859, p. 45. Johnson and Boswell travelled to Oxford with him in March,
+1776. _Ante_, ii. 438. In 1778 he got into some difficulties, in which
+Johnson tried to help him, as is shewn by the following autograph letter
+in the possession of my friend Mr. M. M. Holloway:--
+
+'SIR,
+
+'Poor Mr. Gwyn is in great distress under the weight of the late
+determination against him, and has still hopes that some mitigation may
+be obtained. If it be true that whatever has by his negligence been
+amiss, may be redressed for a sum much less than has been awarded, the
+remaining part ought in equity to be returned, or, what is more
+desirable, abated. When the money is once paid, there is little hope of
+getting it again.
+
+'The load is, I believe, very hard upon him; he indulges some flattering
+opinions that by the influence of his academical friends it may be
+lightened, and will not be persuaded but that some testimony of my
+kindness may be beneficial. I hope he has been guilty of nothing worse
+than credulity, and he then certainly deserves commiseration. I never
+heard otherwise than that he was an honest man, and I hope that by your
+countenance and that of other gentlemen who favour or pity him some
+relief may be obtained.
+
+'I am, Sir, 'Your most humble servant, 'SAM. JOHNSON.' 'Bolt Court,
+Fleet-street, 'Jan. 30, 1778.'
+
+[1237] An ancestor of mine, a nursery-gardener, Thomas Wright by name,
+after whom my grandfather, Thomas Wright Hill, was called, planted this
+walk. The tradition preserved in my family is that on his wedding-day he
+took six men with him and planted these trees. When blamed for keeping
+the wedding-dinner waiting, he answered, that if what he had been doing
+turned out well, it would be of far more value than a wedding-dinner.
+
+[1238] The Rector of St. Chad's, in Shrewsbury. He was appointed Master
+of Pembroke College, Oxford, in the following year. See _ante_, ii. 441.
+
+[1239] 'I have heard Dr. Johnson protest that he never had quite as much
+as he wished of wall-fruit except once in his life, and that was when we
+were all together at Ombersley.' Piozzi's _Anec_. p. 103. Mrs. Thrale
+wrote to him in 1778:--'Mr. Scrase gives us fine fruit; I wished you my
+pear yesterday; but then what would one pear have done for you?' _Piozzi
+Letters_, ii. 36. It seems unlikely that Johnson should not at Streatham
+have had all the wall-fruit that he wished.
+
+[1240] This visit was not to Lord Lyttelton, but to his uncle
+[afterwards by successive creations, Lord Westcote, and Lord Lyttelton],
+the father of the present Lord Lyttelton, who lived at a house called
+Little Hagley. DUPPA. Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale in 1771:--'I would
+have been glad to go to Hagley in compliance with Mr. Lyttelton's kind
+invitation, for beside the pleasure of his conversation I should have
+had the opportunity of recollecting past times, and wandering _per
+montes notos et flumina nota_, of recalling the images of sixteen, and
+reviewing my conversations with poor Ford.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 42. He
+had been at school at Stourbridge, close by Hagley. _Ante_, i. 49. See
+Walpole's _Letters_, ix. 123, for an anecdote of Lord Westcote.
+
+[1241] Horace Walpole, writing of Hagley in Sept. 1753 (_Letters_, ii.
+352), says:--'There is extreme taste in the park: the seats are not the
+best, but there is not one absurdity. There is a ruined castle, built by
+Miller, that would get him his freedom even of Strawberry [Walpole's own
+house at Twickenham]: it has the true rust of the Barons' Wars.'
+
+[1242] 'Mrs. Lyttelton forced me to play at whist against my liking, and
+her husband took away Johnson's candle that he wanted to read by at the
+other end of the room. Those, I trust, were the offences.' _Piozzi
+MS._ CROKER.
+
+[1243] Johnson (_Works_, viii. 409) thus writes of Shenstone and the
+Leasowes:--'He began to point his prospects, to diversify his surface,
+to entangle his walks, and to wind his waters; which he did with such
+judgment and such fancy as made his little domain the envy of the great
+and the admiration of the skilful; a place to be visited by travellers
+and copied by designers. .... For awhile the inhabitants of Hagley
+affected to tell their acquaintance of the little fellow that was trying
+to make himself admired; but when by degrees the Leasowes forced
+themselves into notice, they took care to defeat the curiosity which
+they could not suppress by conducting their visitants perversely to
+inconvenient points of view, and introducing them at the wrong end of a
+walk to detect a deception; injuries of which Shenstone would heavily
+complain. Where there is emulation there will be vanity; and where there
+is vanity there will be folly. The pleasure of Shenstone was all in his
+eye: he valued what he valued merely for its looks; nothing raised his
+indignation more than to ask if there were any fishes in his water.' See
+_ante_, p. 345.
+
+[1244] See _ante_, iii. 187, and v. 429.
+
+[1245] 'He spent his estate in adorning it, and his death was probably
+hastened by his anxieties. He was a lamp that spent its oil in blazing.
+It is said that if he had lived a little longer he would have been
+assisted by a pension: such bounty could not have been ever more
+properly bestowed.' Johnson's _Works_, viii. 410. His friend, Mr.
+Graves, the author of _The Spiritual Quixote_, in a note on this passage
+says that, if he was sometimes distressed for money, yet he was able to
+leave legacies and two small annuities.
+
+[1246] Mr. Duppa--without however giving his authority--says that this
+was Dr. Wheeler, mentioned _ante_, iii. 366. The _Birmingham Directory_
+for the year 1770 shews that there were two tradesmen in the town of
+that name, one having the same Christian name, Benjamin, as Dr. Wheeler.
+
+[1247] Boswell visited these works in 1776. _Ante_, ii. 459.
+
+[1248] Burke in the House of Commons on Jan. 25, 1771, in a debate on
+Falkland's Island, said of the Spanish Declaration:--'It was made, I
+admit, on the true principles of trade and manufacture. It puts me in
+mind of a Birmingham button which has passed through an hundred hands,
+and after all is not worth three-halfpence a dozen.' _Parl. Hist._
+xvi. 1345.
+
+[1249] Johnson and Boswell drove through the Park in 1776. _Ante_, ii.
+451.
+
+[1250] 'My friend the late Lord Grosvenor had a house at Salt Hill,
+where I usually spent a part of the summer, and thus became acquainted
+with that great and good man, Jacob Bryant. Here the conversation turned
+one morning on a Greek criticism by Dr. Johnson in some volume lying on
+the table, which I ventured (_for I was then young_) to deem incorrect,
+and pointed it out to him. I could not help thinking that he was
+somewhat of my opinion, but he was cautious and reserved. "But, Sir,"
+said I, willing to overcome his scruples, "Dr. Johnson himself admitted
+that he was not a good Greek scholar." "Sir," he replied, with a serious
+and impressive air, "it is not easy for us to say what such a man as
+Johnson would call a good Greek scholar." I hope that I profited by that
+lesson--certainly I never forgot it.' Gifford's _Works of Ford_, vol. i.
+p. lxii. Croker's _Boswell_, p. 794. 'So notorious is Mr. Bryant's great
+fondness for studying and proving the truths of the creation according
+to Moses, that he told me himself, and with much quaint humour, a
+pleasantry of one of his friends in giving a character of
+him:--"Bryant," said he, "is a very good scholar, and knows all things
+whatever up to Noah, but not a single thing in the world beyond the
+Deluge."' Mme. D'Arblay's Diary, iii. 229.
+
+[1251] This is a work written by William Durand, Bishop of Mende, and
+printed on vellum, in folio, by Fust and Schoeffer, in Mentz, 1459. It
+is the third book that is known to be printed with a date. DUPPA. It is
+perhaps the first book with a date printed in movable metal type.
+_Brunei_, ed. 1861, ii. 904. See _ante_, ii. 397.
+
+[1252] Dr. Johnson, in another column of his _Diary_, has put down, in a
+note, 'First printed book in Greek, Lascaris's _Grammar_, 4to,
+Mediolani, 1476.' The imprint of this book is, _Mediolani Impressum per
+Magistrum Dionysium Paravisinum_. M.CCCC.LXXVI. Die xxx Januarii. The
+first book printed in the English language was the _Historyes of Troye_,
+printed in 1471. DUPPA. A copy of the _Historyes of Troy_ is exhibited
+in the Bodleian Library with the following superscription:--'Lefevre's
+_Recuyell of the historyes of Troye_. The first book printed in the
+English language. Issued by Caxton at Bruges about 1474.'
+
+[1253] _The Battle of the Frogs and Mice_. The first edition was printed
+by Laonicus Cretensis, 1486. DUPPA.
+
+[1254] Mr. Coulson was a Senior Fellow of University College. Lord
+Stowell informed me that he was very eccentric. He would on a fine day
+hang out of the college windows his various pieces of apparel to air,
+which used to be universally answered by the young men hanging out from
+all the other windows, quilts, carpets, rags, and every kind of trash,
+and this was called an _illumination_. His notions of the eminence and
+importance of his academic situation were so peculiar, that, when he
+afterwards accepted a college living, he expressed to Lord Stowell his
+doubts whether, after living so long in the _great world_, he might not
+grow weary of the comparative retirement of a country parish. CROKER.
+See _ante_, ii. 382, note.
+
+[1255] Dr. Robert Vansittart, Fellow of All Souls, and Regius Professor
+of Law. DUPPA. Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale on Nov. 3, 1773:--'Poor
+V------! There are not so many reasons as he thinks why he should envy
+me, but there are some; he wants what I have, a kind and careful
+mistress; and wants likewise what I shall want at my return. He is a
+good man, and when his mind is composed a man of parts.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 197. See _ante_, i. 348.
+
+[1256] See _ante_, ii. 285, note 3.
+
+
+THE END OF THE FIFTH VOLUME.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Life Of Johnson, Volume 5, by Boswell
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 10451 ***
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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
+    content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
+<meta content="pg2html (binary version 0.12a)"
+    name="generator">
+<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of
+    Life of Johnson,
+    by _James Boswell_, Esq..
+</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+    <!--
+    * { font-family:   Times;
+      }
+    P { text-indent:   1em;
+		    margin:        10%;
+        margin-top:    .75em;
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+    H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6 { text-align: center; }
+    HR  { width: 33%; }
+    PRE { font-family: Times; font-size: 14pt;}
+    .toc  { margin-left: 15%; font-size: 14pt; margin-bottom: 0em;}
+    CENTER { padding: 10px;}
+    // -->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 10451 ***</div>
+
+<a name="2H_4_1"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    BOSWELL'S
+</h2>
+<h1>
+    LIFE OF JOHNSON
+</h1>
+<center>
+    INCLUDING BOSWELL'S JOURNAL OF A TOUR TO THE HEBRIDES<br>
+    AND JOHNSON'S DIARY OF A JOURNEY INTO NORTH WALES
+</center>
+<center>
+    EDITED BY
+</center>
+<center>
+    GEORGE BIRKBECK HILL, D.C.L.
+</center>
+<center>
+    PEMBROKE COLLEGE, OXFORD
+</center>
+<center>
+    IN SIX VOLUMES
+</center>
+<center>
+    VOLUME V.
+    TOUR TO THE HEBRIDES (1773)
+</center>
+<center>
+    AND
+</center>
+<center>
+    JOURNEY INTO NORTH WALES (1774)
+</center>
+<a name="2H_4_2"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THE
+</h2>
+<center>
+    JOURNAL
+    OF A TOUR TO THE
+    <i>HEBRIDES</i>,
+</center>
+<center>
+    WITH
+</center>
+<center>
+    SAMUEL JOHNSON, LL.D.
+</center>
+<center><b>
+    BY <i>JAMES BOSWELL</i>, ESQ.
+</b></center>
+<center>
+    CONTAINING
+</center>
+<center>
+
+    Some Poetical Pieces by Dr. JOHNSON,<br>
+		relative to the TOUR, and never before published;<br /><br />
+
+    A Series of his Conversation, Literary Anecdotes,<br>
+		and Opinions of Men and Books:<br /><br />
+
+ WITH AN AUTHENTICK ACCOUNT OF<br /><br />
+
+    The Distresses and Escape of the GRANDSON of<br>
+		KING JAMES II. in the Year 1746.<br />
+
+</center>
+<center>
+    <i>THE THIRD EDITION, REVISED AND CORRECTED.</i>
+</center>
+<hr>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+       O! while along the stream of time, thy name
+     Expanded flies, and gathers all its fame,
+     Say, shall my little bark attendant fail,
+     Pursue the triumph and partake the gale?    POPE.
+
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<hr>
+<center>
+    <i>LONDON:</i><br>
+    PRINTED BY HENRY BALDWIN,<br>
+    FOR CHARLES DILLY, IN THE POULTRY.<br>
+    MDCCLXXXVI.<br>
+</center>
+
+
+
+<br /><br />
+<hr>
+<br /><br />
+
+<h2>Contents:</h2>
+
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+
+
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2HCON5">
+CONTENT DETAIL
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_8">
+SUNDAY, AUGUST 15
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_9">
+MONDAY, AUGUST 16.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_10">
+TUESDAY, AUGUST 17.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_11">
+WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 18.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_12">
+THURSDAY, AUGUST 19.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_13">
+FRIDAY, AUGUST 20.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_14">
+SATURDAY, AUGUST 31.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_15">
+SUNDAY, AUGUST 22.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_16">
+MONDAY, AUGUST 23.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_17">
+TUESDAY, AUGUST 24.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_18">
+WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 25.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_19">
+THURSDAY, AUGUST 26.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_20">
+FRIDAY, AUGUST 27.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_21">
+SATURDAY, AUGUST 28.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_22">
+SUNDAY, AUGUST 29.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_23">
+MONDAY, AUGUST 30.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_24">
+TUESDAY, AUGUST 31.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_25">
+WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 1.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_26">
+THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 2.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_27">
+FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 3.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_28">
+SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 4.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_29">
+SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 5.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_30">
+MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 6.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_31">
+TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_32">
+WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 8.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_33">
+THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 9.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_34">
+FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 10.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_35">
+SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 11.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_36">
+SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 12.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_37">
+MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 13.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_38">
+TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 14.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_39">
+WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 15.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_40">
+THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 16.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_41">
+FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 17.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_42">
+SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 18.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_43">
+SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 19.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_44">
+MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 20.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_45">
+TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 21.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_46">
+WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 22.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_47">
+THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 23.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_48">
+FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 24.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_49">
+SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 25.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_50">
+SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 26
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_51">
+MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 27.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_52">
+TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 28.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_53">
+WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 29[720].
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_54">
+THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 30.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_55">
+FRIDAY, OCTOBER 1.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_56">
+SATURDAY, OCTOBER 2.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_57">
+SUNDAY, OCTOBER 3.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_58">
+MONDAY, OCTOBER 4.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_59">
+TUESDAY, OCTOBER 5.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_60">
+WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 6.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_61">
+THURSDAY, OCTOBER 7.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_62">
+FRIDAY, OCTOBER 8.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_63">
+SUNDAY, OCTOBER 10.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_64">
+MONDAY, OCTOBER II.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_65">
+TUESDAY, OCTOBER 12.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_66">
+WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 13.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_67">
+THURSDAY, OCTOBER 14.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_68">
+SATURDAY, OCTOBER 16.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_69">
+SUNDAY, OCTOBER 17.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_70">
+MONDAY, OCTOBER 18.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_71">
+TUESDAY, OCTOBER 19.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_72">
+WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 20.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_73">
+THURSDAY, OCTOBER 21.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_74">
+FRIDAY, OCTOBER 22.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_75">
+SATURDAY, OCTOBER 23.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_76">
+SUNDAY, OCTOBER 24.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_77">
+MONDAY, OCTOBER 25.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_78">
+WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 27.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_79">
+THURSDAY, OCTOBER 28.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_80">
+FRIDAY, OCTOBER 29.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_81">
+SATURDAY, OCTOBER 30.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_82">
+SUNDAY, OCTOBER 31.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_83">
+MONDAY, NOVEMBER 1.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_84">
+TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 2.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_85">
+WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 3.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_86">
+THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 4.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_87">
+FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 5.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_88">
+SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 6.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_89">
+SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 7.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_90">
+MONDAY, NOVEMBER 8.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_91">
+TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 9.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_92">
+WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 10.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_93">
+THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 11.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2HAPP94">
+APPENDIX.
+</a></p>
+
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2HAPP96">
+APPENDIX A.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2HAPP97">
+APPENDIX B.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2HAPP98">
+APPENDIX C.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_99">
+A JOURNEY INTO NORTH WALES<br>
+IN THE YEAR 1774
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2HFOO100">
+FOOTNOTES:
+</a></p>
+
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<br /><br />
+<hr>
+<br /><br />
+
+<h2>
+    CONTENTS OF VOL. V.
+</h2>
+<br>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+
+
+JOURNAL OF A TOUR TO THE HEBRIDES WITH SAMUEL JOHNSON, LL.D.:<br>
+DEDICATION TO EDMOND MALONE, ESQ.<br>
+ADVERTISEMENT TO THE THIRD EDITION<br>
+CONTENTS<br>
+JOURNAL<br>
+APPENDICES:<br>
+ I. LETTER FROM DR. BLACKLOCK<br>
+II. VERSES BY SIR ALEXANDER MACDONALD<br>
+    ADVERTISEMENT OF THE LIFE<br>
+A.  EXTRACTS FROM WARBURTON<br>
+B.  LORD HOUGHTON'S TRANSLATION OF JOHNSON'S ODE WRITTEN IN SKY<br>
+C.  JOHNSON'S USE OF THE WORD <i>BIG</i><br>
+<br>
+A JOURNEY INTO NORTH WALES IN THE YEAR 1774<br>
+
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+
+<br /><br />
+<br /><br />
+<h2>
+    DEDICATION.
+</h2>
+<center>
+    <i>TO EDMOND MALONE, ESQ.</i>
+</center>
+<center>
+    MY DEAR SIR,
+</center>
+<p>
+    In every narrative, whether historical or biographical, authenticity is
+    of the utmost consequence<a href="#note-1">[1]</a>. Of this I have ever been so firmly
+    persuaded, that I inscribed a former work<a href="#note-2">[2]</a> to that person who was the
+    best judge of its truth. I need not tell you I mean General Paoli; who,
+    after his great, though unsuccessful, efforts to preserve the liberties
+    of his country, has found an honourable asylum in Britain, where he has
+    now lived many years the object of Royal regard and private respect<a href="#note-3">[3]</a>;
+    and whom I cannot name without expressing my very grateful sense of the
+    uniform kindness which he has been pleased to shew me<a href="#note-4">[4]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The friends of Doctor Johnson can best judge, from internal evidence,
+    whether the numerous conversations which form the most valuable part of
+    the ensuing pages are correctly related. To them, therefore, I wish to
+    appeal, for the accuracy of the portrait here exhibited to the world.
+</p>
+<p>
+    As one of those who were intimately acquainted with him, you have a
+    title to this address. You have obligingly taken the trouble to peruse
+    the original manuscript of this Tour, and can vouch for the strict
+    fidelity of the present publication<a href="#note-5">[5]</a>. Your literary alliance with our
+    much lamented friend, in consequence of having undertaken to render one
+    of his labours more complete, by your edition of <i>Shakspeare</i><a href="#note-6">[6]</a>, a work
+    which I am confident will not disappoint the expectations of the
+    publick, gives you another claim. But I have a still more powerful
+    inducement to prefix your name to this volume, as it gives me an
+    opportunity of letting the world know that I enjoy the honour and
+    happiness of your friendship; and of thus publickly testifying the
+    sincere regard with which I am,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+  My dear Sir,
+      Your very faithful
+          And obedient servant,
+              JAMES BOSWELL.
+
+  LONDON,
+20th September, 1785.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<a name="2H_4_4"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    ADVERTISEMENT
+</h2>
+<center>
+    TO THE
+</center>
+<center>
+    <i>THIRD EDITION.</i>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Animated by the very favourable reception which two large impressions of
+    this work have had<a href="#note-7">[7]</a>, it has been my study to make it as perfect as I
+    could in this edition, by correcting some inaccuracies which I
+    discovered myself, and some which the kindness of friends or the
+    scrutiny of adversaries pointed out. A few notes are added, of which the
+    principal object is, to refute misrepresentation and calumny.
+</p>
+<p>
+    To the animadversions in the periodical Journals of criticism, and in
+    the numerous publications to which my book has given rise, I have made
+    no answer. Every work must stand or fall by its own merit. I cannot,
+    however, omit this opportunity of returning thanks to a gentleman who
+    published a Defence of my Journal, and has added to the favour by
+    communicating his name to me in a very obliging letter.
+</p>
+<p>
+    It would be an idle waste of time to take any particular notice of the
+    futile remarks, to many of which, a petty national resentment, unworthy
+    of my countrymen, has probably given rise; remarks which have been
+    industriously circulated in the publick prints by shallow or envious
+    cavillers, who have endeavoured to persuade the world that Dr. Johnson's
+    character has been <i>lessened</i> by recording such various instances of
+    his lively wit and acute judgment, on every topick that was presented to
+    his mind. In the opinion of every person of taste and knowledge that I
+    have conversed with, it has been greatly <i>heightened</i>; and I will
+    venture to predict, that this specimen of the colloquial talents and
+    extemporaneous effusions of my illustrious fellow-traveller will become
+    still more valuable, when, by the lapse of time, he shall have become an
+    <i>ancient</i>; when all those who can now bear testimony to the transcendent
+    powers of his mind, shall have passed away; and no other memorial of
+    this great and good man shall remain but the following Journal, the
+    other anecdotes and letters preserved by his friends, and those
+    incomparable works, which have for many years been in the highest
+    estimation, and will be read and admired as long as the English language
+    shall be spoken or understood.
+</p>
+<center>
+    J.B.
+</center>
+<p>
+    LONDON, 15th Aug. 1786.
+</p>
+<a name="2HCON5"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    CONTENTS.
+</h2>
+<center>
+    DEDICATION.
+    ADVERTISEMENT.
+</center>
+<p>
+    INTRODUCTION. Character of Dr. Johnson. He arrives in Scotland.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 15</i>. Sir William Forbes. Practice of the law. Emigration. Dr.
+    Beattie and Mr. Hume. Dr. Robertson. Mr. Burke's various and
+    extraordinary talents. Question concerning genius. Whitfield and Wesley.
+    Instructions to political parties. Dr. Johnson's opinion of Garrick as a
+    tragedian.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 16</i>. Ogden on Prayer. Aphoristick writing. Edinburgh surveyed.
+    Character of Swift's works. Evil spirits and witchcraft. Lord Monboddo
+    and the Ouran-Outang.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 17</i>. Poetry and Dictionary writing. Scepticism. Eternal
+    necessity refuted. Lord Hailes's criticism on <i>The Vanity of Human
+    Wishes.</i> Mr. Maclaurin. Decision of the Judges in Scotland on
+    literary property.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 18</i>. Set out for the Hebrides. Sketch of the authour's
+    character. Trade of Glasgow. Suicide. Inchkeith. Parliamentary
+    knowledge. Influence of Peers. Popular clamours. Arrive at St. Andrews.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 19</i>. Dr. Watson. Literature and patronage. Writing and
+    conversation compared. Change of manners. The Union. Value of money. St.
+    Andrews and John Knox. Retirement from the world. Dinner with the
+    Professors. Question concerning sorrow and content. Instructions for
+    composition. Dr. Johnson's method. Uncertainty of memory.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 20</i>. Effect of prayer. Observance of Sunday. Professor Shaw.
+    Transubstantiation. Literary property. Mr. Tyers's remark on Dr.
+    Johnson. Arrive at Montrose.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 21</i>. Want of trees. Laurence Kirk. Dinner at Monboddo.
+    Emigration. Homer. Biography and history compared. Decrease of learning.
+    Causes of it. Promotion of bishops. Warburton. Lowth. Value of
+    politeness. Dr. Johnson's sentiments concerning Lord Monboddo. Arrive
+    at Aberdeen.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 22</i>. Professor Thomas Gordon. Publick and private education.
+    Sir Alexander Gordon. Trade of Aberdeen. Prescription of murder in
+    Scotland. Mystery of the Trinity. Satisfaction of Christ. Importance of
+    old friendships.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 23</i>. Dr. Johnson made a burgess of Aberdeen. Dinner at Sir
+    Alexander Gordon's. Warburton's powers of invective. His <i>Doctrine of
+    Grace</i>. Lock's verses. Fingal.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 24</i>. Goldsmith and Graham. Slains castle. Education of children.
+    Buller of Buchan. Entails. Consequence of Peers. Sir Joshua Reynolds.
+    Earl of Errol.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 25</i>. The advantage of being on good terms with relations.
+    Nabobs. Feudal state of subordination. Dinner at Strichen. Life of
+    country gentlemen. THE LITERARY CLUB.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 26</i>. Lord Monboddo. Use and importance of wealth. Elgin.
+    Macbeth's heath. Fores.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 27</i>. Leonidas. Paul Whitehead. Derrick. Origin of Evil.
+    Calder-manse. Reasonableness of ecclesiastical subscription.
+    Family worship.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 28</i>. Fort George. Sir Adolphus Oughton. Contest between
+    Warburton and Lowth. Dinner at Sir Eyre Coote's. Arabs and English
+    soldiers compared. The Stage. Mr. Garrick, Mrs. Cibber, Mrs. Pritchard,
+    Mrs. Clive. Inverness.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 29</i>. Macbeth's Castle. Incorrectness of writers of Travels.
+    Coinage of new words. Dr. Johnson's <i>Dictionary</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 30</i>. Dr. Johnson on horseback. A Highland hut. Fort Augustus.
+    Governour Trapaud.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 31</i>. Anoch. Emigration. Goldsmith. Poets and soldiers compared.
+    Life of a sailor. Landlord's daughter at Anoch.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 1</i>. Glensheal. The Macraas. Dr. Johnson's anger at being left
+    for a little while by the authour on a wild plain. Wretched inn
+    at Glenelg.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 2</i>. Dr. Johnson relents. Isle of Sky. Armidale.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 3</i>. Colonel Montgomery, now Earl of Eglintoune.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 4</i>. Ancient Highland Enthusiasm.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 5</i>. Sir James Macdonald's epitaph and last letters to his
+    mother. Dr. Johnson's Latin ode on the Isle of Sky. Isaac
+    Hawkins Browne.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 6</i>. Corrichatachin. Highland hospitality and mirth. Dr.
+    Johnson's Latin ode to Mrs. Thrale.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 7</i>. Uneasy state of dependence on the weather. State of those
+    who live in the country. Dr. M'Pherson's Dissertations. Second Sight.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 8</i>. Rev. Mr. Donald M'Queen. Mr. Malcolm M'Cleod. Sail to
+    Rasay. Fingal. Homer. Elegant and gay entertainment at Rasay.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 9</i>. Antiquity of the family of Rasay. Cure of infidelity.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 10</i>. Survey of the island of Rasay. Bentley. Mallet. Hooke.
+    Duchess of Marlborough.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 11</i>. Heritable jurisdictions. Insular life. The Laird of
+    M'Cleod.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 12</i>. Sail to Portree. Dr. Johnson's discourse on death.
+    Letters from Lord Elibank to Dr. Johnson and the authour. Dr. Johnson's
+    answer. Ride to Kingsburgh. Flora M'Donald.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 13</i>. Distresses and escape of the grandson of King James II.
+    Arrive at Dunvegan.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 14</i>. Importance of the chastity of women. Dr. Cadogan.
+    Whether the practice of authours is necessary to enforce their
+    Doctrines. Good humour acquirable.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 15</i>. Sir George M'Kenzie. Mr. Burke's wit, knowledge and
+    eloquence.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 16</i>. Dr. Johnson's hereditary melancholy. His minute
+    knowledge in various arts. Apology for the authour's ardour in his
+    pursuits. Dr. Johnson's imaginary seraglio. Polygamy.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 17</i>. Cunning. Whether great abilities are necessary to be
+    wicked. Temple of the Goddess Anaitis. Family portraits. Records not
+    consulted by old English historians. Mr. Pennant's Tours criticised.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 18</i>. Ancient residence of a Highland Chief. Languages the
+    pedigree of nations. Laird of the Isle of Muck.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 19</i>. Choice of a wife. Women an over-match for men. Lady
+    Grange in St. Kilda. Poetry of savages. French Literati. Prize-fighting.
+    French and English soldiers. Duelling.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 20</i>. Change of London manners. Laziness censured. Landed and
+    traded interest compared. Gratitude considered.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 21</i>. Description of Dunvegan. Lord Lovat's Pyramid. Ride to
+    Ulinish. Phipps's Voyage to the North Pole.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 22</i>. Subterraneous house and vast cave in Ulinish. Swift's
+    Lord Orrery. Defects as well as virtues the proper subject of biography,
+    though the life be written by a friend. Studied conclusions of letters.
+    Whether allowable in dying men to maintain resentment to the last.
+    Instructions for writing the lives of literary men. Fingal denied to be
+    genuine, and pleasantly ridiculed.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 23</i>. Further disquisition concerning Fingal. Eminent men
+    disconcerted by a new mode of publick appearance. Garrick. Mrs.
+    Montague's Essay on Shakspeare. Persons of consequence watched in
+    London. Learning of the Scots from 1550 to 1650. The arts of civil life
+    little known in Scotland till the Union. Life of a sailor. The folly of
+    Peter the Great in working in a dock-yard. Arrive at Talisker.
+    Presbyterian clergy deficient in learning.  <i>September 24</i>. French
+    hunting. Young Col. Dr. Birch, Dr. Percy. Lord Hailes. Historical
+    impartiality. Whiggism unbecoming in a clergyman.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 25</i>. Every island a prison. A Sky cottage. Return to
+    Corrichatachin. Good fellowship carried to excess.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 26</i>. Morning review of last night's intemperance. Old
+    Kingsburgh's Jacobite song. Lady Margaret Macdonald adored in Sky.
+    Different views of the same subject at different times. Self-deception.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 27</i>. Dr. Johnson's popularity in the Isle of Sky. His
+    good-humoured gaiety with a Highland lady.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 28</i>. Ancient Irish pride of family. Dr. Johnson on threshing
+    and thatching. Dangerous to increase the price of labour. Arrive at
+    Ostig. Dr. M'Pherson's Latin poetry.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 29</i>. Reverend Mr. M'Pherson, Shenstone. Hammond. Sir Charles
+    Hanbury Williams.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 30</i>. Mr. Burke the first man every where. Very moderate
+    talents requisite to make a figure in the House of Commons. Dr. Young.
+    Dr. Doddridge. Increase of infidel writings since the accession of the
+    Hanover family. Gradual impression made by Dr. Johnson. Particular
+    minutes to be kept of our studies.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 1</i>. Dr. Johnson not answerable for all the words in his
+    <i>Dictionary</i>. Attacks on authours useful to them. Return to Armidale.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 2</i>. Old manners of great families in Wales. German courts.
+    Goldsmith's love of talk. Emigration. Curious story of the people of
+    St. Kilda.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 3</i>. Epictetus on the voyage of death. Sail for Mull. A storm.
+    Driven into Col.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 4</i>. Dr. Johnson's mode of living in the Temple. His curious
+    appearance on a sheltie. Nature of sea-sickness. Burnet's <i>History of
+    his own Times</i>. Difference between dedications and histories.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 5</i>. People may come to do anything by talking of it. The
+    Reverend Mr. Hector Maclean. Bayle. Leibnitz and Clarke. Survey of Col.
+    Insular life. Arrive at Breacacha. Dr. Johnson's power of ridicule.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 6</i>. Heritable jurisdictions. The opinion of philosophers
+    concerning happiness in a cottage, considered. Advice to landlords.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 7</i>. Books the best solace in a state of confinement.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 8</i>. Pretended brother of Dr. Johnson. No redress for a man's
+    name being affixed to a foolish work. Lady Sidney Beauclerk. Carte's
+    <i>Life of the Duke of Ormond</i>. Col's cabinet. Letters of the great
+    Montrose. Present state of the island of Col.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 9</i>. Dr. Johnson's avidity for a variety of books. Improbability
+    of a Highland tradition. Dr. Johnson's delicacy of feeling.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 10</i>. Dependence of tenants on landlords.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 11</i>. London and Pekin compared. Dr. Johnson's high opinion of
+    the former.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 12</i>. Return to Mr. M'Sweyn's. Other superstitions beside those
+    connected with religion. Dr. Johnson disgusted with coarse manners. His
+    peculiar habits.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 13</i>. Bustle not necessary to dispatch. <i>Oats</i> the food not of
+    the Scotch alone.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 14</i>. Arrive in Mull. Addison's <i>Remarks on Italy</i>. Addison not
+    much conversant with Italian literature. The French masters of the art
+    of accommodating literature. Their <i>Ana</i>. Racine. Corneille. Moliere.
+    Fenelon. Voltaire. Bossuet. Massillon. Bourdaloue. Virgil's description
+    of the entrance into hell, compared to a printing-house.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 15</i>. Erse poetry. Danger of a knowledge of musick. The
+    propriety of settling our affairs so as to be always prepared for death.
+    Religion and literary attainments not to be described to young persons
+    as too hard. Reception of the travellers in their progress. Spence.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 16</i>. Miss Maclean. Account of Mull. The value of an oak
+    walking-stick in the Hebrides. Arrive at Mr. M'Quarrie's in Ulva.
+    Captain Macleod. Second Sight. <i>Mercheta Mulierum</i>, and Borough-English.
+    The grounds on which the sale of an estate may be set aside in a court
+    of equity.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 17</i>. Arrive at Inchkenneth. Sir Allan Maclean and his
+    daughters. None but theological books should be read on Sunday. Dr.
+    Campbell. Dr. Johnson exhibited as a Highlander. Thoughts on drinking.
+    Dr. Johnson's Latin verses on Inchkenneth.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 18</i>. Young Col's various good qualities. No extraordinary
+    talents requisite to success in trade. Dr. Solander. Mr. Burke. Dr.
+    Johnson's intrepidity and presence of mind. Singular custom in the
+    islands of Col and Otaheité. Further elogium on young Col. Credulity of
+    a Frenchman in foreign countries.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 19</i>. Death of young Col. Dr. Johnson slow of belief without
+    strong evidence. <i>La Crédulité des incrédules</i>. Coast of Mull. Nun's
+    Island. Past scenes pleasing in recollection. Land on Icolmkill.
+    <i>October 20</i>. Sketch of the ruins of Icolmkill. Influence of solemn
+    scenes of piety. Feudal authority in the extreme. Return to Mull.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 21</i>. Pulteney. Pitt. Walpole. Mr. Wilkes. English and Jewish
+    history compared. Scotland composed of stone and water, and a little
+    earth. Turkish Spy. Dreary ride to Lochbuy. Description of the laird.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 22</i>. Uncommon breakfast offered to Dr. Johnson, and rejected.
+    Lochbuy's war-saddle. Sail to Oban.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 23</i>. Goldsmith's <i>Traveller</i>. Pope and Cowley compared.
+    Archibald Duke of Argyle. Arrive at Inverary. Dr. Johnson drinks some
+    whisky, and assigns his reason. Letter from the authour to Mr. Garrick.
+    Mr. Garrick's answer.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 24</i>. Specimen of Ogden on Prayer. Hervey's <i>Meditations</i>. Dr.
+    Johnson's Meditation on a Pudding. Country neighbours. The authour's
+    visit to the castle of Inverary. Perverse opposition to the influence of
+    Peers in Ayrshire.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 25</i>. Dr. Johnson presented to the Duke of Argyle. Grandeur of
+    his grace's seat. The authour possesses himself in an embarrassing
+    situation. Honourable Archibald Campbell on <i>a middle state</i>. The old
+    Lord Townshend. Question concerning luxury. Nice trait of character.
+    Good principles and bad practice.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 26</i>. A passage in Home's <i>Douglas</i>, and one in <i>Juvenal</i>,
+    compared. Neglect of religious buildings in Scotland. Arrive at Sir
+    James Colquhoun's.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 27</i>. Dr. Johnson's letter to the Duke of Argyle. His grace's
+    answer. Lochlomond. Dr. Johnson's sentiments on dress. Forms of prayer
+    considered. Arrive at Mr. Smollet's.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 28</i>. Dr. Smollet's Epitaph. Dr. Johnson's wonderful memory. His
+    alacrity during the Tour. Arrive at Glasgow.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 29</i>. Glasgow surveyed. Attention of the professors to Dr.
+    Johnson.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 30</i>. Dinner at the Earl of Loudoun's. Character of that
+    nobleman. Arrive at Treesbank.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 31</i>. Sir John Cunningham of Caprington.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>November 1</i>. Rules for the distribution of charity. Castle of
+    Dundonald. Countess of Eglintoune. Alexander Earl of Eglintoune.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>November 2</i>. Arrive at Auchinleck. Character of Lord Auchinleck, His
+    idea of Dr. Johnson.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>November 3</i>. Dr. Johnson's sentiments concerning the Highlands. Mr.
+    Harris of Salisbury.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>November 4</i>. Auchinleck. Cattle without horns. Composure of mind how
+    far attainable.  <i>November 5</i>. Dr. Johnson's high respect for the
+    English clergy.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>November 6</i>. Lord Auchinleck and Dr. Johnson in collision.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>November 7</i>. Dr. Johnson's uniform piety. His dislike of presbyterian
+    worship.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>November 8</i>. Arrive at Hamilton.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>November 9</i>. The Duke of Hamilton's house. Arrive at Edinburgh.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>November 10</i>. Lord Elibank. Difference in political principles
+    increased by opposition. Edinburgh Castle. Fingal. English credulity not
+    less than Scottish. Second Sight. Garrick and Foote compared as
+    companions. Moravian Missions and Methodism.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>November 11</i>. History originally oral. Dr. Robertson's liberality of
+    sentiment. Rebellion natural to man.
+</p>
+
+<br /><br />
+<hr>
+<a name="2HSUM6"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>
+    Summary account of the manner in which Dr. Johnson spent his time from
+    November 12 to November 21. Lord Mansfield, Mr. Richardson. The private
+    life of an English Judge. Dr. Johnson's high opinion of Dr. Robertson
+    and Dr. Blair. Letter from Dr. Blair to the authour. Officers of the
+    army often ignorant of things belonging to their own profession. Academy
+    for the deaf and dumb. A Scotch Highlander and an English sailor.
+    Attacks on authours advantageous to them. Roslin Castle and Hawthornden.
+    Dr. Johnson's <i>Parody of Sir John Dalrymple's Memoirs</i>. Arrive at
+    Cranston. Dr. Johnson's departure for London. Letters from Lord Hailes
+    and Mr. Dempster to the authour. Letter from the Laird of Rasay to the
+    authour. The authour's answer. Dr. Johnson's Advertisement,
+    acknowledging a mistake in his <i>Journey to the Western Islands</i>. His
+    letter to the Laird of Rasay. Letter from Sir William Forbes to the
+    authour. Conclusion.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     HE WAS OF AN ADMIRABLE PREGNANCY OF WIT, AND THAT PREGNANCY
+     MUCH IMPROVED BY CONTINUAL STUDY FROM HIS CHILDHOOD:
+     BY WHICH HE HAD GOTTEN SUCH A PROMPTNESS IN EXPRESSING HIS
+     MIND, THAT HIS EXTEMPORAL SPEECHES WERE LITTLE INFERIOR TO
+     HIS PREMEDITATED WRITINGS. MANY, NO DOUBT, HAD READ AS MUCH,
+     AND PERHAPS MORE THAN HE; BUT SCARCE EVER ANY CONCOCTED
+     HIS READING INTO JUDGEMENT AS HE DID<a href="#note-8">[8]</a>.
+
+     <i>Baker's Chronicle</i> [ed. 1665, p. 449].
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<a name="2H_4_7"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THE
+</h2>
+<center>
+    JOURNAL
+</center>
+<center>
+    OF A
+</center>
+<center>
+    TOUR TO THE HEBRIDES
+</center>
+<center>
+    WITH
+</center>
+<center>
+    SAMUEL JOHNSON, LL.D.
+</center>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson had for many years given me hopes that we should go
+    together, and visit the Hebrides<a href="#note-9">[9]</a>. Martin's Account of those islands
+    had impressed us with a notion that we might there contemplate a system
+    of life almost totally different from what we had been accustomed to
+    see; and, to find simplicity and wildness, and all the circumstances of
+    remote time or place, so near to our native great island, was an object
+    within the reach of reasonable curiosity. Dr. Johnson has said in his
+    <i>Journey</i><a href="#note-10">[10]</a> 'that he scarcely remembered how the wish to visit the
+    Hebrides was excited;' but he told me, in summer, 1763<a href="#note-11">[11]</a>, that his
+    father put Martin's Account into his hands when he was very young, and
+    that he was much pleased with it. We reckoned there would be some
+    inconveniencies and hardships, and perhaps a little danger; but these we
+    were persuaded were magnified in the imagination of every body. When I
+    was at Ferney, in 1764, I mentioned our design to Voltaire. He looked at
+    me, as if I had talked of going to the North Pole, and said, 'You do not
+    insist on my accompanying you?'&mdash;'No, Sir,'&mdash;'Then I am very willing
+    you should go.' I was not afraid that our curious expedition would be
+    prevented by such apprehensions; but I doubted that it would not be
+    possible to prevail on Dr. Johnson to relinquish, for some time, the
+    felicity of a London life, which, to a man who can enjoy it with full
+    intellectual relish, is apt to make existence in any narrower sphere
+    seem insipid or irksome. I doubted that he would not be willing to come
+    down from his elevated state of philosophical dignity; from a
+    superiority of wisdom among the wise, and of learning among the learned;
+    and from flashing his wit upon minds bright enough to reflect it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He had disappointed my expectations so long, that I began to despair;
+    but in spring, 1773, he talked of coming to Scotland that year with so
+    much firmness, that I hoped he was at last in earnest. I knew that, if
+    he were once launched from the metropolis he would go forward very well;
+    and I got our common friends there to assist in setting him afloat. To
+    Mrs. Thrale in particular, whose enchantment over him seldom failed, I
+    was much obliged. It was, '<i>I'll give thee a wind.</i>'-' <i>Thou art
+    kind.</i><a href="#note-12">[12]</a>'&mdash;To <i>attract</i> him, we had invitations from the chiefs
+    Macdonald and Macleod; and, for additional aid, I wrote to Lord
+    Elibank<a href="#note-13">[13]</a>, Dr. William Robertson, and Dr. Beattie.
+</p>
+<p>
+    To Dr. Robertson, so far as my letter concerned the present subject, I
+    wrote as follows:
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Our friend, Mr. Samuel Johnson, is in great health and spirits; and, I
+    do think, has a serious resolution to visit Scotland this year. The more
+    attraction, however, the better; and therefore, though I know he will be
+    happy to meet you there, it will forward the scheme, if, in your answer
+    to this, you express yourself concerning it with that power of which you
+    are so happily possessed, and which may be so directed as to operate
+    strongly upon him.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    His answer to that part of my letter was quite as I could have wished.
+    It was written with the address and persuasion of the historian of
+    America.  'When I saw you last, you gave us some hopes that you might
+    prevail with Mr. Johnson to make out that excursion to Scotland, with
+    the expectation of which we have long flattered ourselves. If he could
+    order matters so, as to pass some time in Edinburgh, about the close of
+    the summer session, and then visit some of the Highland scenes, I am
+    confident he would be pleased with the grand features of nature in many
+    parts of this country: he will meet with many persons here who respect
+    him, and some whom I am persuaded he will think not unworthy of his
+    esteem. I wish he would make the experiment. He sometimes cracks his
+    jokes upon us; but he will find that we can distinguish between the
+    stabs of malevolence, and <i>the rebukes of the righteous, which are like
+    excellent oil<a href="#note-14">[14]</a>, and break not the head[15]</i>. Offer my best
+    compliments to him, and assure him that I shall be happy to have the
+    satisfaction of seeing him under my roof.
+</p>
+<p>
+    To Dr. Beattie I wrote, 'The chief intention of this letter is to inform
+    you, that I now seriously believe Mr. Samuel Johnson will visit Scotland
+    this year: but I wish that every power of attraction may be employed to
+    secure our having so valuable an acquisition, and therefore I hope you
+    will without delay write to me what I know you think, that I may read it
+    to the mighty sage, with proper emphasis, before I leave London, which I
+    must do soon. He talks of you with the same warmth that he did last
+    year<a href="#note-16">[16]</a>. We are to see as much of Scotland as we can, in the months of
+    August and September. We shall not be long of being at Marischal
+    College<a href="#note-17">[17]</a>. He is particularly desirous of seeing some of the
+    Western Islands.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Beattie did better: <i>ipse venit</i>. He was, however, so polite as to
+    wave his privilege of <i>nil mihi rescribas<a href="#note-18">[18]</a></i>, and wrote from
+    Edinburgh, as follows:&mdash;'Your very kind and agreeable favour of the
+    20th of April overtook me here yesterday, after having gone to Aberdeen,
+    which place I left about a week ago. I am to set out this day for
+    London, and hope to have the honour of paying my respects to Mr. Johnson
+    and you, about a week or ten days hence. I shall then do what I can, to
+    enforce the topick you mention; but at present I cannot enter upon it,
+    as I am in a very great hurry; for I intend to begin my journey within
+    an hour or two.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He was as good as his word, and threw some pleasing motives into the
+    northern scale. But, indeed, Mr. Johnson loved all that he heard, from
+    one whom he tells us, in his <i>Lives of the Poets</i>, Gray found 'a poet, a
+    philosopher, and a good man<a href="#note-19">[19]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    My Lord Elibank did not answer my letter to his lordship for some time.
+    The reason will appear, when we come to the isle of <i>Sky</i><a href="#note-20">[20]</a>. I shall
+    then insert my letter, with letters from his lordship, both to myself
+    and Mr. Johnson. I beg it may be understood, that I insert my own
+    letters, as I relate my own sayings, rather as keys to what is valuable
+    belonging to others, than for their own sake.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Luckily Mr. Justice (now Sir Robert) Chambers<a href="#note-21">[21]</a>, who was about to sail
+    for the East-Indies, was going to take leave of his relations at
+    Newcastle, and he conducted Dr. Johnson to that town. Mr. Scott, of
+    University College, Oxford, (now Dr. Scott<a href="#note-22">[22]</a>, of the Commons,)
+    accompanied him from thence to Edinburgh, With such propitious convoys
+    did he proceed to my native city. But, lest metaphor should make it be
+    supposed he actually went by sea, I choose to mention that he travelled
+    in post-chaises, of which the rapid motion was one of his most favourite
+    amusements<a href="#note-23">[23]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Samuel Johnson's character, religious, moral, political, and
+    literary, nay his figure and manner, are, I believe, more generally
+    known than those of almost any man; yet it may not be superfluous here
+    to attempt a sketch of him. Let my readers then remember that he was a
+    sincere and zealous Christian, of high church of England and monarchical
+    principles, which he would not tamely suffer to be questioned; steady
+    and inflexible in maintaining the obligations of piety and virtue, both
+    from a regard to the order of society, and from a veneration for the
+    Great Source of all order; correct, nay stern in his taste; hard to
+    please, and easily offended, impetuous and irritable in his temper, but
+    of a most humane and benevolent heart; having a mind stored with a vast
+    and various collection of learning and knowledge, which he communicated
+    with peculiar perspicuity and force, in rich and choice expression. He
+    united a most logical head with a most fertile imagination, which gave
+    him an extraordinary advantage in arguing; for he could reason close or
+    wide, as he saw best for the moment. He could, when he chose it, be the
+    greatest sophist that ever wielded a weapon in the schools of
+    declamation; but he indulged this only in conversation; for he owned he
+    sometimes talked for victory<a href="#note-24">[24]</a>; he was too conscientious to make
+    errour permanent and pernicious, by deliberately writing it. He was
+    conscious of his superiority. He loved praise when it was brought to
+    him; but was too proud to seek for it. He was somewhat susceptible of
+    flattery<a href="#note-25">[25]</a>. His mind was so full of imagery, that he might have been
+    perpetually a poet. It has been often remarked, that in his poetical
+    pieces, which it is to be regretted are so few, because so excellent,
+    his style is easier than in his prose. There is deception in this: it is
+    not easier, but better suited to the dignity of verse; as one may dance
+    with grace, whose motions, in ordinary walking, in the common step, are
+    awkward. He had a constitutional melancholy, the clouds of which
+    darkened the brightness of his fancy, and gave a gloomy cast to his
+    whole course of thinking: yet, though grave and awful in his deportment,
+    when he thought it necessary or proper, he frequently indulged himself
+    in pleasantry and sportive sallies. He was prone to superstition, but
+    not to credulity. Though his imagination might incline him to a belief
+    of the marvellous and the mysterious, his vigorous reason examined the
+    evidence with jealousy. He had a loud voice, and a slow deliberate
+    utterance, which no doubt gave some additional weight to the sterling
+    metal of his conversation<a href="#note-26">[26]</a>. His person was large, robust, I may say
+    approaching to the gigantick, and grown unwieldy from corpulency. His
+    countenance was naturally of the cast of an ancient statue, but somewhat
+    disfigured by the scars of that <i>evil</i>, which, it was formerly imagined,
+    the <i>royal touch</i><a href="#note-27">[27]</a> could cure. He was now in his sixty-fourth year,
+    and was become a little dull of hearing. His sight had always been
+    somewhat weak; yet, so much does mind govern, and even supply the
+    deficiency of organs, that his perceptions were uncommonly quick and
+    accurate<a href="#note-28">[28]</a>. His head, and sometimes also his body shook with a kind of
+    motion like the effect of a palsy: he appeared to be frequently
+    disturbed by cramps, or convulsive contractions<a href="#note-29">[29]</a>, of the nature of
+    that distemper called <i>St. Vitus's dance</i>. He wore a full suit of plain
+    brown clothes, with twisted hair-buttons<a href="#note-30">[30]</a> of the same colour, a
+    large bushy greyish wig, a plain shirt, black worsted stockings, and
+    silver buckles. Upon this tour, when journeying, he wore boots, and a
+    very wide brown cloth great coat, with pockets which might have almost
+    held the two volumes of his folio <i>Dictionary</i>; and he carried in his
+    hand a large English oak stick. Let me not be censured for mentioning
+    such minute particulars. Every thing relative to so great a man is worth
+    observing. I remember Dr. Adam Smith, in his rhetorical lectures at
+    Glasgow<a href="#note-31">[31]</a>, told us he was glad to know that Milton wore latchets in
+    his shoes, instead of buckles. When I mention the oak stick, it is but
+    letting <i>Hercules</i> have his club; and, by-and-by, my readers will find
+    this stick will bud, and produce a good joke<a href="#note-32">[32]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    This imperfect sketch of 'the COMBINATION and the <i>form</i><a href="#note-33">[33]</a>' of that
+    Wonderful Man, whom I venerated and loved while in this world, and after
+    whom I gaze with humble hope, now that it has pleased ALMIGHTY GOD to
+    call him to a better world, will serve to introduce to the fancy of my
+    readers the capital object of the following journal, in the course of
+    which I trust they will attain to a considerable degree of
+    acquaintance with him.
+</p>
+<p>
+    His prejudice against Scotland<a href="#note-34">[34]</a> was announced almost as soon as he
+    began to appear in the world of Letters. In his <i>London</i>, a poem, are
+    the following nervous lines:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'For who would leave, unbrib'd, Hibernia's land?
+      Or change the rocks of Scotland for the Strand?
+      There none are swept by sudden fate away;
+      But all, whom hunger spares, with age decay.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    The truth is, like the ancient Greeks and Romans, he allowed himself to
+    look upon all nations but his own as barbarians<a href="#note-35">[35]</a>: not only Hibernia,
+    and Scotland, but Spain, Italy, and France, are attacked in the same
+    poem. If he was particularly prejudiced against the Scots, it was
+    because they were more in his way; because he thought their success in
+    England rather exceeded the due proportion of their real merit; and
+    because he could not but see in them that nationality which I believe no
+    liberal-minded Scotsman will deny. He was indeed, if I may be allowed
+    the phrase, at bottom much of a <i>John Bull</i><a href="#note-36">[36]</a>; much of a blunt <i>true
+    born Englishman</i><a href="#note-37">[37]</a>. There was a stratum of common clay under the rock
+    of marble. He was voraciously fond of good eating<a href="#note-38">[38]</a>; and he had a
+    great deal of that quality called <i>humour</i>, which gives an oiliness and
+    a gloss to every other quality.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I am, I flatter myself, completely a citizen of the world.&mdash;In my
+    travels through Holland, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Corsica, France, I
+    never felt myself from home; and I sincerely love 'every kindred and
+    tongue and people and nation<a href="#note-39">[39]</a>.' I subscribe to what my late truly
+    learned and philosophical friend Mr. Crosbie<a href="#note-40">[40]</a> said, that the English
+    are better animals than the Scots; they are nearer the sun; their blood
+    is richer, and more mellow: but when I humour any of them in an
+    outrageous contempt of Scotland, I fairly own I treat them as children.
+    And thus I have, at some moments, found myself obliged to treat even
+    Dr. Johnson.
+</p>
+<p>
+    To Scotland however he ventured; and he returned from it in great good
+    humour, with his prejudices much lessened, and with very grateful
+    feelings of the hospitality with which he was treated; as is evident
+    from that admirable work, his <i>Journey to the Western Islands of
+    Scotland</i>, which, to my utter astonishment, has been misapprehended,
+    even to rancour, by many of my countrymen.  To have the company of
+    Chambers and Scott, he delayed his journey so long, that the court of
+    session, which rises on the eleventh of August, was broke up before he
+    got to Edinburgh<a href="#note-41">[41]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    On Saturday the fourteenth of August, 1773, late in the evening, I
+    received a note from him, that he was arrived at Boyd's inn<a href="#note-42">[42]</a>, at the
+    head of the Canongate. I went to him directly. He embraced me cordially;
+    and I exulted in the thought, that I now had him actually in Caledonia.
+    Mr. Scott's amiable manners, and attachment to our <i>Socrates</i>, at once
+    united me to him. He told me that, before I came in, the Doctor had
+    unluckily had a bad specimen of Scottish cleanliness<a href="#note-43">[43]</a>. He then drank
+    no fermented liquor. He asked to have his lemonade made sweeter; upon
+    which the waiter, with his greasy fingers, lifted a lump of sugar, and
+    put it into it. The Doctor, in indignation, threw it out of the window.
+    Scott said, he was afraid he would have knocked the waiter down. Mr.
+    Johnson told me, that such another trick was played him at the house of
+    a lady in Paris<a href="#note-44">[44]</a>. He was to do me the honour to lodge under my roof.
+    I regretted sincerely that I had not also a room for Mr. Scott. Mr.
+    Johnson and I walked arm-in-arm up the High=street, to my house in
+    James's court<a href="#note-45">[45]</a>: it was a dusky night: I could not prevent his being
+    assailed by the evening effluvia of Edinburgh. I heard a late baronet,
+    of some distinction in the political world in the beginning of the
+    present reign, observe, that 'walking the streets of Edinburgh at night
+    was pretty perilous, and a good deal odoriferous.' The peril is much
+    abated, by the care which the magistrates have taken to enforce the city
+    laws against throwing foul water from the windows<a href="#note-46">[46]</a>; but from the
+    structure of the houses in the old town, which consist of many stories,
+    in each of which a different family lives, and there being no covered
+    sewers, the ordour still continues. A zealous Scotsman would have wished
+    Mr. Johnson to be without one of his five senses upon this occasion. As
+    we marched slowly along, he grumbled in my ear, 'I smell you in the
+    dark<a href="#note-47">[47]</a>!' But he acknowledged that the breadth of the street, and the
+    loftiness of the buildings on each side made a noble appearance<a href="#note-48">[48]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    My wife had tea ready for him, which it is well known he delighted to
+    drink at all hours, particularly when sitting up late, and of which his
+    able defence against Mr. Jonas Hanway<a href="#note-49">[49]</a> should have obtained him a
+    magnificent reward from the East-India Company. He shewed much
+    complacency upon finding that the mistress of the house was so attentive
+    to his singular habit; and as no man could be more polite when he chose
+    to be so, his address to her was most courteous and engaging; and his
+    conversation soon charmed her into a forgetfulness of his external
+    appearance<a href="#note-50">[50]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I did not begin to keep a regular full journal till some days after we
+    had set out from Edinburgh; but I have luckily preserved a good many
+    fragments of his <i>Memorabilia</i> from his very first evening in Scotland.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We had, a little before this, had a trial for murder, in which the
+    judges had allowed the lapse of twenty years since its commission as a
+    plea in bar, in conformity with the doctrine of prescription in the
+    <i>civil</i> law, which Scotland and several other countries in Europe have
+    adopted. He at first disapproved of this; but then he thought there was
+    something in it, if there had been for twenty years a neglect to
+    prosecute a crime which was <i>known</i>. He would not allow that a murder,
+    by not being <i>discovered</i> for twenty years, should escape
+    punishment<a href="#note-51">[51]</a>. We talked of the ancient trial by duel. He did not think
+    it so absurd as is generally supposed; 'For (said he) it was only
+    allowed when the question was <i>in equilibrio</i>, as when one affirmed and
+    another denied; and they had a notion that Providence would interfere in
+    favour of him who was in the right. But as it was found that in a duel,
+    he who was in the right had not a better chance than he who was in the
+    wrong, therefore society instituted the present mode of trial, and gave
+    the advantage to him who is in the right.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We sat till near two in the morning, having chatted a good while after
+    my wife left us. She had insisted, that to shew all respect to the Sage
+    she would give up her own bed-chamber to him and take a worse<a href="#note-52">[52]</a>. This
+    I cannot but gratefully mention, as one of a thousand obligations which
+    I owe her, since the great obligation of her being pleased to accept of
+    me as her husband<a href="#note-53">[53]</a>.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_8"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SUNDAY, AUGUST 15<a href="#note-54">[54]</a>
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Mr. Scott came to breakfast, at which I introduced to Dr. Johnson and
+    him, my friend Sir William Forbes, now of Pitsligo<a href="#note-55">[55]</a>; a man of whom
+    too much good cannot be said; who, with distinguished abilities and
+    application in his profession of a Banker, is at once a good companion,
+    and a good christian; which I think is saying enough. Yet it is but
+    justice to record, that once, when he was in a dangerous illness, he was
+    watched with the anxious apprehension of a general calamity; day and
+    night his house was beset with affectionate enquiries; and, upon his
+    recovery, <i>Te deum</i> was the universal chorus from the <i>hearts</i> of his
+    countrymen.  Mr. Johnson was pleased with my daughter Veronica<a href="#note-56">[56]</a>,
+    then a child of about four months old. She had the appearance of
+    listening to him. His motions seemed to her to be intended for her
+    amusement; and when he stopped, she fluttered, and made a little
+    infantine noise, and a kind of signal for him to begin again. She would
+    be held close to him; which was a proof, from simple nature, that his
+    figure was not horrid. Her fondness for him endeared her still more to
+    me, and I declared she should have five hundred pounds of additional
+    fortune<a href="#note-57">[57]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We talked of the practice of the law. Sir William Forbes said, he
+    thought an honest lawyer should never undertake a cause which he was
+    satisfied was not a just one. 'Sir, (said Mr. Johnson,) a lawyer has no
+    business with the justice or injustice of the cause which he undertakes,
+    unless his client asks his opinion, and then he is bound to give it
+    honestly. The justice or injustice of the cause is to be decided by the
+    judge. Consider, Sir; what is the purpose of courts of justice? It is,
+    that every man may have his cause fairly tried, by men appointed to try
+    causes. A lawyer is not to tell what he knows to be a lie: he is not to
+    produce what he knows to be a false deed; but he is not to usurp the
+    province of the jury and of the judge, and determine what shall be the
+    effect of evidence,&mdash;what shall be the result of legal argument. As it
+    rarely happens that a man is fit to plead his own cause, lawyers are a
+    class of the community, who, by study and experience, have acquired the
+    art and power of arranging evidence, and of applying to the points at
+    issue what the law has settled. A lawyer is to do for his client all
+    that his client might fairly do for himself, if he could. If, by a
+    superiority of attention, of knowledge, of skill, and a better method of
+    communication, he has the advantage of his adversary, it is an
+    advantage to which he is entitled. There must always be some advantage,
+    on one side or other; and it is better that advantage should be had by
+    talents than by chance. Lawyers were to undertake no causes till they
+    were sure they were just, a man might be precluded altogether from a
+    trial of his claim, though, were it judicially examined it might be
+    found a very just claim<a href="#note-58">[58]</a>.' This was sound practical doctrine, and
+    rationally repressed a too refined scrupulosity<a href="#note-59">[59]</a> of conscience.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Emigration was at this time a common topick of discourse<a href="#note-60">[60]</a>. Dr.
+    Johnson regretted it as hurtful to human happiness: 'For (said he) it
+    spreads mankind, which weakens the defence of a nation, and lessens the
+    comfort of living. Men, thinly scattered, make a shift, but a bad shift,
+    without many things. A smith is ten miles off: they'll do without a nail
+    or a staple. A taylor is far from them: they'll botch their own clothes.
+    It is being concentrated which produces high convenience<a href="#note-61">[61]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Sir William Forbes, Mr. Scott, and I, accompanied Mr. Johnson to the
+    chapel<a href="#note-62">[62]</a>, founded by Lord Chief Baron Smith, for the Service of the
+    Church of England. The Reverend Mr. Carre, the senior clergyman,
+    preached from these words, 'Because the Lord reigneth, let the earth be
+    glad<a href="#note-63">[63]</a>.' I was sorry to think Mr. Johnson did not attend to the
+    sermon, Mr. Carre's low voice not being strong enough to reach his
+    hearing. A selection of Mr. Carre's sermons has, since his death, been
+    published by Sir William Forbes<a href="#note-64">[64]</a>, and the world has acknowledged
+    their uncommon merit. I am well assured Lord Mansfield has pronounced
+    them to be excellent.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Here I obtained a promise from Lord Chief Baron Orde<a href="#note-65">[65]</a>, that he would
+    dine at my house next day. I presented Mr. Johnson to his Lordship, who
+    politely said to him, I have not the honour of knowing you; but I hope
+    for it, and to see you at my house. I am to wait on you to-morrow.' This
+    respectable English judge will be long remembered in Scotland, where he
+    built an elegant house, and lived in it magnificently. His own ample
+    fortune, with the addition of his salary, enabled him to be splendidly
+    hospitable. It may be fortunate for an individual amongst ourselves to
+    be Lord Chief Baron; and a most worthy man now has the office; but, in
+    my opinion, it is better for Scotland in general, that some of our
+    publick employments should be filled by gentlemen of distinction from
+    the south side of the Tweed, as we have the benefit of promotion in
+    England. Such an interchange would make a beneficial mixture of manners,
+    and render our union more complete. Lord Chief Baron Orde was on good
+    terms with us all, in a narrow country filled with jarring interests and
+    keen parties; and, though I well knew his opinion to be the same with my
+    own, he kept himself aloof at a very critical period indeed, when the
+    <i>Douglas cause</i> shook the sacred security of <i>birthright</i> in Scotland
+    to its foundation; a cause, which had it happened before the Union, when
+    there was no appeal to a British House of Lords, would have left the
+    great fortress of honours and of property in ruins<a href="#note-66">[66]</a>.  When we got
+    home, Dr. Johnson desired to see my books. He took down Ogden's <i>Sermons
+    on Prayer</i><a href="#note-67">[67]</a>, on which I set a very high value, having been much
+    edified by them, and he retired with them to his room. He did not stay
+    long, but soon joined us in the drawing room. I presented to him Mr.
+    Robert Arbuthnot, a relation of the celebrated Dr. Arbuthnot<a href="#note-68">[68]</a>, and a
+    man of literature and taste. To him we were obliged for a previous
+    recommendation, which secured us a very agreeable reception at St.
+    Andrews, and which Dr. Johnson, in his <i>Journey</i>, ascribes to 'some
+    invisible friend<a href="#note-69">[69]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Of Dr. Beattie, Mr. Johnson said, 'Sir, he has written like a man
+    conscious of the truth, and feeling his own strength<a href="#note-70">[70]</a>. Treating your
+    adversary with respect is giving him an advantage to which he is not
+    entitled<a href="#note-71">[71]</a>. The greatest part of men cannot judge of reasoning, and
+    are impressed by character; so that, if you allow your adversary a
+    respectable character, they will think, that though you differ from him,
+    you may be in the wrong. Sir, treating your adversary with respect, is
+    striking soft in a battle. And as to Hume,&mdash;a man who has so much
+    conceit as to tell all mankind that they have been bubbled<a href="#note-72">[72]</a> for ages,
+    and he is the wise man who sees better than they,&mdash;a man who has so
+    little scrupulosity as to venture to oppose those principles which have
+    been thought necessary to human happiness,&mdash;is he to be surprized if
+    another man comes and laughs at him? If he is the great man he thinks
+    himself, all this cannot hurt him: it is like throwing peas against a
+    rock.' He added '<i>something much too rough</i>' both as to Mr. Hume's head
+    and heart, which I suppress. Violence is, in my opinion, not suitable to
+    the Christian cause. Besides, I always lived on good terms with Mr.
+    Hume, though I have frankly told him, I was not clear that it was right
+    in me to keep company with him. 'But, (said I) how much better are you
+    than your books!' He was cheerful, obliging, and instructive; he was
+    charitable to the poor; and many an agreeable hour have I passed with
+    him<a href="#note-73">[73]</a>: I have preserved some entertaining and interesting memoirs of
+    him, particularly when he knew himself to be dying, which I may some
+    time or other communicate to the world<a href="#note-74">[74]</a>. I shall not, however, extol
+    him so very highly as Dr. Adam Smith does, who says, in a letter to Mr.
+    Strahan the Printer (not a confidential letter to his friend, but a
+    letter which is published<a href="#note-75">[75]</a> with all formality:) 'Upon the whole, I
+    have always considered him, both in his life time and since his death,
+    as approaching as nearly to the idea of a perfectly wise and virtuous
+    man as perhaps the nature of human frailty will permit.' Let Dr. Smith
+    consider: Was not Mr. Hume blest with good health, good spirits, good
+    friends, a competent and increasing fortune? And had he not also a
+    perpetual feast of fame<a href="#note-76">[76]</a>? But, as a learned friend has observed to
+    me, 'What trials did he undergo to prove the perfection of his virtue?
+    Did he ever experience any great instance of adversity?'&mdash;When I read
+    this sentence delivered by my old <i>Professor of Moral Philosophy</i>, I
+    could not help exclaiming with the <i>Psalmist</i>, 'Surely I have now more
+    understanding than my teachers<a href="#note-77">[77]</a>!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    While we were talking, there came a note to me from Dr. William
+    Robertson.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+'DEAR SIR,
+   'I have been expecting every day to hear from you, of Dr. Johnson's
+arrival. Pray, what do you know about his motions? I long
+to take him by the hand. I write this from the college, where I have
+only this scrap of paper. Ever yours,
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<center>
+    'W. R.'
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Sunday.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    It pleased me to find Dr. Robertson thus eager to meet Dr. Johnson. I
+    was glad I could answer, that he was come: and I begged Dr. Robertson
+    might be with us as soon as he could.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Sir William Forbes, Mr. Scott, Mr. Arbuthnot, and another gentleman
+    dined with us. 'Come, Dr. Johnson, (said I,) it is commonly thought that
+    our veal in Scotland is not good. But here is some which I believe you
+    will like.' There was no catching him. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, what is
+    commonly thought, I should take to be true. <i>Your</i> veal may be good; but
+    that will only be an exception to the general opinion; not a proof
+    against it.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Robertson, according to the custom of Edinburgh at that time, dined
+    in the interval between the forenoon and afternoon service, which was
+    then later than now; so we had not the pleasure of his company till
+    dinner was over, when he came and drank wine with us. And then began
+    some animated dialogue<a href="#note-78">[78]</a>, of which here follows a pretty full note.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We talked of Mr. Burke. Dr. Johnson said, he had great variety of
+    knowledge, store of imagery, copiousness of language. ROBERTSON. 'He has
+    wit too.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; he never succeeds there. 'Tis low; 'tis
+    conceit. I used to say, Burke never once made a good joke<a href="#note-79">[79]</a>. What I
+    most envy Burke for, is his being constantly the same. He is never what
+    we call hum-drum; never unwilling to begin to talk, nor in haste to
+    leave off.' BOSWELL. 'Yet he can listen.' JOHNSON. 'No: I cannot say he
+    is good at that<a href="#note-80">[80]</a>. So desirous is he to talk, that, if one is speaking
+    at this end of the table, he'll speak to somebody at the other end.
+    Burke, Sir, is such a man, that if you met him for the first time in the
+    street where you were stopped by a drove of oxen, and you and he stepped
+    aside to take shelter but for five minutes, he'd talk to you in such a
+    manner, that, when you parted, you would say, this is an extraordinary
+    man<a href="#note-81">[81]</a>. Now, you may be long enough with me, without finding any thing
+    extraordinary.' He said, he believed Burke was intended for the law; but
+    either had not money enough to follow it, or had not diligence
+    enough<a href="#note-82">[82]</a>. He said, he could not understand how a man could apply to
+    one thing, and not to another. ROBERTSON said, one man had more
+    judgment, another more imagination. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; it is only, one
+    man has more mind than another. He may direct it differently; he may, by
+    accident, see the success of one kind of study, and take a desire to
+    excel in it. I am persuaded that, had Sir Isaac Newton applied to
+    poetry, he would have made a very fine epick poem. I could as easily
+    apply to law as to tragick poetry.' BOSWELL. 'Yet, Sir, you did apply to
+    tragick poetry, not to law.' JOHNSON. 'Because, Sir, I had not money to
+    study law. Sir, the man who has vigour, may walk to the east, just as
+    well as to the west, if he happens to turn his head that way<a href="#note-83">[83]</a>.'
+    BOSWELL. 'But, Sir, 'tis like walking up and down a hill; one man will
+    naturally do the one better than the other. A hare will run up a hill
+    best, from her fore-legs being short; a dog down.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir;
+    that is from mechanical powers. If you make mind mechanical, you may
+    argue in that manner. One mind is a vice, and holds fast; there's a good
+    memory. Another is a file; and he is a disputant, a controversialist.
+    Another is a razor; and he is sarcastical.' We talked of Whitefield. He
+    said he was at the same college with him<a href="#note-84">[84]</a>, and knew him <i>before he
+    began to be better than other people</i> (smiling;) that he believed he
+    sincerely meant well, but had a mixture of politicks and ostentation:
+    whereas Wesley thought of religion only<a href="#note-85">[85]</a>. ROBERTSON said, Whitefield
+    had strong natural eloquence, which, if cultivated, would have done
+    great things. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, I take it, he was at the height of
+    what his abilities could do, and was sensible of it. He had the ordinary
+    advantages of education; but he chose to pursue that oratory which is
+    for the mob<a href="#note-86">[86]</a>.' BOSWELL. 'He had great effect on the passions.'
+    JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, I don't think so. He could not represent a
+    succession of pathetic images. He vociferated, and made an impression.
+    <i>There</i>, again, was a mind like a hammer.' Dr. Johnson now said, a
+    certain eminent political friend of our's<a href="#note-87">[87]</a> was wrong, in his maxim of
+    sticking to a certain set of <i>men</i> on all occasions. 'I can see that a
+    man may do right to stick to a <i>party</i> (said he;) that is to say, he is
+    a <i>Whig</i>, or he is a <i>Tory</i>, and he thinks one of those parties upon the
+    whole the best, and that to make it prevail, it must be generally
+    supported, though, in particulars it may be wrong. He takes its faggot
+    of principles, in which there are fewer rotten sticks than in the other,
+    though some rotten sticks to be sure; and they cannot well be separated.
+    But, to bind one's self to one man, or one set of men, (who may be right
+    to-day and wrong to-morrow,) without any general preference of system, I
+    must disapprove<a href="#note-88">[88]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He told us of Cooke, who translated Hesiod, and lived twenty years on a
+    translation of Plautus, for which he was always taking subscriptions;
+    and that he presented Foote to a Club, in the following singular manner:
+    'This is the nephew of the gentleman who was lately hung in chains for
+    murdering his brother<a href="#note-89">[89]</a>.'  In the evening I introduced to Mr.
+    Johnson<a href="#note-90">[90]</a> two good friends of mine, Mr. William Nairne, Advocate, and
+    Mr. Hamilton of Sundrum, my neighbour in the country, both of whom
+    supped with us. I have preserved nothing of what passed, except that Dr.
+    Johnson displayed another of his heterodox opinions,&mdash;a contempt of
+    tragick acting<a href="#note-91">[91]</a>. He said, 'the action of all players in tragedy is
+    bad. It should be a man's study to repress those signs of emotion and
+    passion, as they are called.' He was of a directly contrary opinion to
+    that of Fielding, in his <i>Tom Jones</i>; who makes Partridge say, of
+    Garrick, 'why, I could act as well as he myself. I am sure, if I had
+    seen a ghost, I should have looked in the very same manner, and done
+    just as he did<a href="#note-92">[92]</a>.' For, when I asked him, 'Would you not, Sir, start
+    as Mr. Garrick does, if you saw a ghost?' He answered, 'I hope not. If I
+    did, I should frighten the ghost.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_9"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    MONDAY, AUGUST 16.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Dr. William Robertson came to breakfast. We talked of <i>Ogden on Prayer</i>.
+    Dr. Johnson said, 'The same arguments which are used against GOD'S
+    hearing prayer, will serve against his rewarding good, and punishing
+    evil. He has resolved, he has declared, in the former case as in the
+    latter.' He had last night looked into Lord Hailes's <i>Remarks on the
+    History of Scotland</i>. Dr. Robertson and I said, it was a pity Lord
+    Hailes did not write greater things. His lordship had not then published
+    his <i>Annals of Scotland</i><a href="#note-93">[93]</a>. JOHNSON. 'I remember I was once on a
+    visit at the house of a lady for whom I had a high respect. There was a
+    good deal of company in the room. When they were gone, I said to this
+    lady, "What foolish talking have we had!" "Yes, (said she,) but while
+    they talked, you said nothing." I was struck with the reproof. How much
+    better is the man who does anything that is innocent, than he who does
+    nothing. Besides, I love anecdotes<a href="#note-94">[94]</a>. I fancy mankind may come, in
+    time, to write all aphoristically, except in narrative; grow weary of
+    preparation, and connection, and illustration, and all those arts by
+    which a big book is made. If a man is to wait till he weaves anecdotes
+    into a system, we may be long in getting them, and get but few, in
+    comparison of what we might get.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Robertson said, the notions of <i>Eupham Macallan</i>, a fanatick woman,
+    of whom Lord Hailes gives a sketch, were still prevalent among some of
+    the Presbyterians; and therefore it was right in Lord Hailes, a man of
+    known piety, to undeceive them<a href="#note-95">[95]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We walked out<a href="#note-96">[96]</a>, that Dr. Johnson might see some of the things which
+    we have to shew at Edinburgh. We went to the Parliament-House<a href="#note-97">[97]</a>,
+    where the Parliament of Scotland sat, and where the <i>Ordinary Lords</i> of
+    Session hold their courts; and to the New Session-House adjoining to it,
+    where our Court of Fifteen (the fourteen <i>Ordinaries</i>, with the Lord
+    President at their head,) sit as a court of Review. We went to the
+    <i>Advocates Library</i><a href="#note-98">[98]</a>, of which Dr. Johnson took a cursory view, and
+    then to what is called the <i>Laigh</i><a href="#note-99">[99]</a> (or under) Parliament-House,
+    where the records of Scotland, which has an universal security by
+    register, are deposited, till the great Register Office be finished. I
+    was pleased to behold Dr. Samuel Johnson rolling about in this old
+    magazine of antiquities. There was, by this time, a pretty numerous
+    circle of us attending upon him. Somebody talked of happy moments for
+    composition; and how a man can write at one time, and not at another.
+    'Nay, (said Dr. Johnson,) a man may write at any time, if he will set
+    himself <i>doggedly</i><a href="#note-100">[100]</a> to it.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I here began to indulge <i>old Scottish</i><a href="#note-101">[101]</a> sentiments, and to express a
+    warm regret, that, by our Union with <i>England</i>, we were no more;&mdash;our
+    independent kingdom was lost<a href="#note-102">[102]</a>. JOHNSON. 'Sir, never talk of your
+    independency, who could let your Queen remain twenty years in captivity,
+    and then be put to death, without even a pretence of justice, without
+    your ever attempting to rescue her; and such a Queen too; as every man
+    of any gallantry of spirit would have sacrificed his life for<a href="#note-103">[103]</a>.'
+    Worthy Mr. JAMES KERR, Keeper of the Records. 'Half our nation was
+    bribed by English money.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, that is no defence: that makes
+    you worse.' Good Mr. BROWN, Keeper of the Advocates' Library. 'We had
+    better say nothing about it.' BOSWELL. 'You would have been glad,
+    however, to have had us last war, sir, to fight your battles!' JOHNSON.
+    'We should have had you for the same price, though there had been no
+    Union, as we might have had Swiss, or other troops. No, no, I shall
+    agree to a separation. You have only to <i>go home</i>.' Just as he had said
+    this, I, to divert the subject, shewed him the signed assurances of the
+    three successive Kings of the Hanover family, to maintain the
+    Presbyterian establishment in Scotland. 'We'll give you that (said he)
+    into the bargain.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We next went to the great church of St. Giles, which has lost its
+    original magnificence in the inside, by being divided into four places
+    of Presbyterian worship<a href="#note-104">[104]</a>. 'Come, (said Dr. Johnson jocularly to
+    Principal Robertson<a href="#note-105">[105]</a>,) let me see what was once a church!' We
+    entered that division which was formerly called the <i>New Church</i>, and of
+    late the <i>High Church</i>, so well known by the eloquence of Dr. Hugh
+    Blair. It is now very elegantly fitted up; but it was then shamefully
+    dirty<a href="#note-106">[106]</a>. Dr. Johnson said nothing at the time; but when we came to
+    the great door of the Royal Infirmary, where upon a board was this
+    inscription, '<i>Clean your feet!</i>' he turned about slyly and said, 'There
+    is no occasion for putting this at the doors of your churches!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We then conducted him down the Post-house stairs, Parliament-close, and
+    made him look up from the Cow-gate to the highest building in Edinburgh,
+    (from which he had just descended,) being thirteen floors or stories
+    from the ground upon the back elevation; the front wall being built upon
+    the edge of the hill, and the back wall rising from the bottom of the
+    hill several stories before it comes to a level with the front wall. We
+    proceeded to the College, with the Principal at our head. Dr. Adam
+    Fergusson, whose <i>Essay on the History of Civil Society<a href="#note-107">[107]</a></i> gives him
+    a respectable place in the ranks of literature, was with us. As the
+    College buildings<a href="#note-108">[108]</a> are indeed very mean, the Principal said to Dr.
+    Johnson, that he must give them the same epithet that a Jesuit did when
+    shewing a poor college abroad: '<i>Hae miseriae nostrae</i>.' Dr. Johnson
+    was, however, much pleased with the library, and with the conversation
+    of Dr. James Robertson, Professor of Oriental Languages, the Librarian.
+    We talked of Kennicot's edition of the Hebrew Bible<a href="#note-109">[109]</a>, and hoped it
+    would be quite faithful. JOHNSON. 'Sir, I know not any crime so great
+    that a man could contrive to commit, as poisoning the sources of
+    eternal truth.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I pointed out to him where there formerly stood an old wall enclosing
+    part of the college, which I remember bulged out in a threatening
+    manner, and of which there was a common tradition similar to that
+    concerning <i>Bacon's</i> study at Oxford, that it would fall upon some very
+    learned man<a href="#note-110">[110]</a>. It had some time before this been taken down, that the
+    street might be widened, and a more convenient wall built. Dr. Johnson,
+    glad of an opportunity to have a pleasant hit at Scottish learning,
+    said, 'they have been afraid it never would fall.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We shewed him the Royal Infirmary, for which, and for every other
+    exertion of generous publick spirit in his power, that noble-minded
+    citizen of Edinburgh, George Drummond, will be ever held in honourable
+    remembrance. And we were too proud not to carry him to the Abbey of
+    Holyrood-house, that beautiful piece of architecture, but, alas! that
+    deserted mansion of royalty, which Hamilton of Bangour, in one of his
+    elegant poems, calls
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'A virtuous palace, where no monarch dwells<a href="#note-111">[111]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    I was much entertained while Principal Robertson fluently harangued to
+    Dr. Johnson, upon the spot, concerning scenes of his celebrated <i>History
+    of Scotland</i>. We surveyed that part of the palace appropriated to the
+    Duke of Hamilton, as Keeper, in which our beautiful Queen Mary lived,
+    and in which David Rizzio was murdered; and also the State Rooms. Dr.
+    Johnson was a great reciter of all sorts of things serious or comical. I
+    overheard him repeating here in a kind of muttering tone, a line of the
+    old ballad, <i>Johnny Armstrong's Last Good Night</i>:
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'And ran him through the fair body<a href="#note-112">[112]</a>!'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    We returned to my house, where there met him, at dinner, the Duchess of
+    Douglas<a href="#note-113">[113]</a>, Sir Adolphus Oughton, Lord Chief Baron, Sir William
+    Forbes, Principal Robertson, Mr. Cullen<a href="#note-114">[114]</a>, Advocate. Before dinner he
+    told us of a curious conversation between the famous George
+    Faulkner<a href="#note-115">[115]</a> and him. George said that England had drained Ireland of
+    fifty thousand pounds in specie, annually, for fifty years. 'How so,
+    Sir! (said Dr. Johnson,) you must have a very great trade?' 'No trade.'
+    'Very rich mines?' 'No mines.' 'From whence, then, does all this money
+    come?' 'Come! why out of the blood and bowels of the poor people
+    of Ireland!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He seemed to me to have an unaccountable prejudice against Swift<a href="#note-116">[116]</a>;
+    for I once took the liberty to ask him, if Swift had personally offended
+    him, and he told me he had not. He said to-day, 'Swift is clear, but he
+    is shallow. In coarse humour, he is inferior to Arbuthnot<a href="#note-117">[117]</a>; in
+    delicate humour, he is inferior to Addison. So he is inferior to his
+    contemporaries; without putting him against the whole world. I doubt if
+    the <i>Tale of a Tub</i> was his<a href="#note-118">[118]</a>: it has so much more thinking, more
+    knowledge, more power, more colour, than any of the works which are
+    indisputably his. If it was his, I shall only say, he was <i>impar
+    sibi</i><a href="#note-119">[119]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We gave him as good a dinner as we could. Our Scotch muir-fowl, or
+    growse, were then abundant, and quite in season; and so far as wisdom
+    and wit can be aided by administering agreeable sensations to the
+    palate, my wife took care that our great guest should not be deficient.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Sir Adolphus Oughton, then our Deputy Commander in Chief, who was not
+    only an excellent officer, but one of the most universal scholars I ever
+    knew, had learned the Erse language, and expressed his belief in the
+    authenticity of Ossian's Poetry<a href="#note-120">[120]</a>. Dr. Johnson took the opposite side
+    of that perplexed question; and I was afraid the dispute would have run
+    high between them. But Sir Adolphus, who had a very sweet temper,
+    changed the discourse, grew playful, laughed at Lord Monboddo's<a href="#note-121">[121]</a>
+    notion of men having tails, and called him a Judge, <i>à posteriori</i>,
+    which amused Dr. Johnson; and thus hostilities were prevented.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At supper<a href="#note-122">[122]</a> we had Dr. Cullen, his son the advocate, Dr. Adam
+    Fergusson, and Mr. Crosbie, advocate. Witchcraft was introduced<a href="#note-123">[123]</a>.
+    Mr. Crosbie said, he thought it the greatest blasphemy to suppose evil
+    spirits counteracting the Deity, and raising storms, for instance, to
+    destroy his creatures. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, if moral evil be consistent
+    with the government of the Deity, why may not physical evil be also
+    consistent with it? It is not more strange that there should be evil
+    spirits, than evil men: evil unembodied spirits, than evil embodied
+    spirits. And as to storms, we know there are such things; and it is no
+    worse that evil spirits raise them, than that they rise.' CROSBIE. 'But
+    it is not credible, that witches should have effected what they are said
+    in stories to have done.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, I am not defending their
+    credibility. I am only saying, that your arguments are not good, and
+    will not overturn the belief of witchcraft.&mdash;(Dr. Fergusson said to me,
+    aside, 'He is right.')&mdash;And then, Sir, you have all mankind, rude and
+    civilized, agreeing in the belief of the agency of preternatural powers.
+    You must take evidence: you must consider, that wise and great men have
+    condemned witches to die<a href="#note-124">[124]</a>.' CROSBIE. 'But an act of parliament put
+    an end to witchcraft<a href="#note-125">[125]</a>.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; witchcraft had ceased;
+    and therefore an act of parliament was passed to prevent persecution for
+    what was not witchcraft. Why it ceased, we cannot tell, as we cannot
+    tell the reason of many other things.'&mdash;Dr. Cullen, to keep up the
+    gratification of mysterious disquisition, with the grave address for
+    which he is remarkable in his companionable as in his professional
+    hours, talked, in a very entertaining manner, of people walking and
+    conversing in their sleep. I am very sorry I have no note of this. We
+    talked of the <i>Ouran-Outang</i>, and of Lord Monboddo's thinking that he
+    might be taught to speak. Dr. Johnson treated this with ridicule. Mr.
+    Crosbie said, that Lord Monboddo believed the existence of every thing
+    possible; in short, that all which is in <i>posse</i> might be found in
+    <i>esse</i>. JOHNSON. 'But, Sir, it is as possible that the <i>Ouran-Outang</i>
+    does not speak, as that he speaks. However, I shall not contest the
+    point. I should have thought it not possible to find a Monboddo; yet
+    <i>he</i> exists.' I again mentioned the stage. JOHNSON. 'The appearance of a
+    player, with whom I have drunk tea, counteracts the imagination that he
+    is the character he represents. Nay, you know, nobody imagines that he
+    is the character he represents. They say, "See <i>Garrick!</i> how he looks
+    to night! See how he'll clutch the dagger!" That is the buz of the
+    theatre<a href="#note-126">[126]</a>.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_10"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    TUESDAY, AUGUST 17.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Sir William Forbes came to breakfast, and brought with him Dr.
+    Blacklock<a href="#note-127">[127]</a>, whom he introduced to Dr. Johnson, who received him with
+    a most humane complacency; 'Dear Dr. Blacklock, I am glad to see you!'
+    Blacklock seemed to be much surprized, when Dr. Johnson said, 'it was
+    easier to him to write poetry than to compose his <i>Dictionary</i><a href="#note-128">[128]</a>. His
+    mind was less on the stretch in doing the one than the other. Besides;
+    composing a <i>Dictionary</i> requires books and a desk: you can make a poem
+    walking in the fields, or lying in bed. Dr. Blacklock spoke of
+    scepticism in morals and religion, with apparent uneasiness, as if he
+    wished for more certainty<a href="#note-129">[129]</a>. Dr. Johnson, who had thought it all
+    over, and whose vigorous understanding was fortified by much experience,
+    thus encouraged the blind Bard to apply to higher speculations what we
+    all willingly submit to in common life: in short, he gave him more
+    familiarly the able and fair reasoning of Butler's <i>Analogy</i>: 'Why, Sir,
+    the greatest concern we have in this world, the choice of our
+    profession, must be determined without demonstrative reasoning. Human
+    life is not yet so well known, as that we can have it. And take the case
+    of a man who is ill. I call two physicians: they differ in opinion. I am
+    not to lie down, and die between them: I must do something.' The
+    conversation then turned on Atheism; on that horrible book, <i>Système de
+    la Nature</i><a href="#note-130">[130]</a>; and on the supposition of an eternal necessity, without
+    design, without a governing mind. JOHNSON. 'If it were so, why has it
+    ceased? Why don't we see men thus produced around us now? Why, at least,
+    does it not keep pace, in some measure, with the progress of time? If
+    it stops because there is now no need of it, then it is plain there is,
+    and ever has been, an all powerful intelligence. But stay! (said he,
+    with one of his satyrick laughs<a href="#note-131">[131]</a>.) Ha! ha! ha! I shall suppose
+    Scotchmen made necessarily, and Englishmen by choice.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    At dinner this day, we had Sir Alexander Dick, whose amiable character,
+    and ingenious and cultivated mind, are so generally known; (he was then
+    on the verge of seventy, and is now (1785) eighty-one, with his
+    faculties entire, his heart warm, and his temper gay;) Sir David
+    Dalrymple, Lord Hailes; Mr. Maclaurin<a href="#note-132">[132]</a>, advocate; Dr. Gregory, who
+    now worthily fills his father's medical chair<a href="#note-133">[133]</a>; and my uncle, Dr.
+    Boswell. This was one of Dr. Johnson's best days. He was quite in his
+    element. All was literature and taste, without any interruption. Lord
+    Hailes, who is one of the best philologists in Great Britain, who has
+    written papers in <i>The World</i><a href="#note-134">[134]</a>, and a variety of other works in
+    prose and in verse, both Latin and English, pleased him highly. He told
+    him, he had discovered the life of <i>Cheynel</i>, in <i>The Student</i><a href="#note-135">[135]</a>, to
+    be his. JOHNSON. 'No one else knows it.' Dr. Johnson had, before this,
+    dictated to me a law-paper, upon a question purely in the law of
+    Scotland, concerning <i>vicious intromission</i><a href="#note-136">[136]</a>, that is to say,
+    intermeddling with the effects of a deceased person, without a regular
+    title; which formerly was understood to subject the intermeddler to
+    payment of all the defunct's debts. The principle has of late been
+    relaxed. Dr. Johnson's argument was, for a renewal of its strictness.
+    The paper was printed, with additions by me, and given into the Court of
+    Session. Lord Hailes knew Dr. Johnson's part not to be mine, and pointed
+    out exactly where it began, and where it ended. Dr. Johnson said, 'It is
+    much, now, that his lordship can distinguish so.'  In Dr. Johnson's
+    <i>Vanity of Human Wishes</i>, there is the following passage:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'The teeming mother, anxious for her race,
+      Begs, for each birth, the fortune of a face:
+      Yet <i>Vane</i> could tell, what ills from beauty spring,
+      And <i>Sedley</i> curs'd the charms which pleas'd a king<a href="#note-137">[137]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Lord Hailes told him, he was mistaken in the instances he had given of
+    unfortunate fair ones; for neither <i>Vane</i> nor <i>Sedley</i> had a title to
+    that description. His Lordship has since been so obliging as to send me
+    a note of this, for the communication of which I am sure my readers
+    will thank me.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'The lines in the tenth Satire of Juvenal, according to my alteration,
+    should have run thus:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Yet <i>Shore</i><a href="#note-138">[138]</a> could tell&mdash;&mdash;-;
+      And <i>Valiere</i><a href="#note-139">[139]</a> curs'd&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    'The first was a penitent by compulsion, the second by sentiment; though
+    the truth is, Mademoiselle de la Valiere threw herself (but still from
+    sentiment) in the King's way.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Our friend chose <i>Vane</i><a href="#note-140">[140]</a>, who was far from being well-looked; and
+    <i>Sedley</i>, who was so ugly, that Charles II. said, his brother had her by
+    way of penance<a href="#note-141">[141]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Maclaurin's learning and talents enabled him to do his part very
+    well in Dr. Johnson's company. He produced two epitaphs upon his
+    father, the celebrated mathematician<a href="#note-142">[142]</a>. One was in English, of which
+    Dr. Johnson did not change one word. In the other, which was in Latin,
+    he made several alterations. In place of the very words of <i>Virgil</i>,
+    '<i>Ubi luctus et pavor et plurima mortis imago</i><a href="#note-143">[143]</a>,' he wrote '<i>Ubi
+    luctus regnant et pavor</i>.' He introduced the word <i>prorsus</i> into the
+    line '<i>Mortalibus prorsus non absit solatium</i>,' and after '<i>Hujus enim
+    scripta evolve</i>,' he added '<i>Mentemque tantarum rerum capacem corpori
+    caduco superstitem crede</i>;' which is quite applicable to Dr. Johnson
+    himself<a href="#note-144">[144]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Murray, advocate, who married a niece of Lord Mansfield's, and is
+    now one of the judges of Scotland, by the title of Lord <i>Henderland</i>,
+    sat with us a part of the evening; but did not venture to say any thing,
+    that I remember, though he is certainly possessed of talents which would
+    have enabled him to have shewn himself to advantage, if too great
+    anxiety had not prevented him.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At supper we had Dr. Alexander Webster, who, though not, learned, had
+    such a knowledge of mankind, such a fund of information and
+    entertainment, so clear a head and such accommodating manners, that Dr.
+    Johnson found him a very agreeable companion.
+</p>
+<p>
+    When Dr. Johnson and I were left by ourselves, I read to him my notes of
+    the Opinions of our Judges upon the questions of Literary Property<a href="#note-145">[145]</a>.
+    He did not like them; and said, 'they make me think of your Judges not
+    with that respect which I should wish to do.' To the argument of one of
+    them, that there can be no property in blasphemy or nonsense, he
+    answered, 'then your rotten sheep are mine! By that rule, when a man's
+    house falls into decay, he must lose it.' I mentioned an argument of
+    mine, that literary performances are not taxed. As <i>Churchill</i> says,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'No statesman yet has thought it worth his pains
+      To tax our labours, or excise our brains<a href="#note-146">[146]</a>;'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    and therefore they are not property. 'Yet, (said he,) we hang a man for
+    stealing a horse, and horses are not taxed.' Mr. Pitt has since put an
+    end to that argument<a href="#note-147">[147]</a>.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_11"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 18.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    On this day we set out from Edinburgh. We should gladly have had Mr.
+    Scott to go with us; but he was obliged to return to England.&mdash;I have
+    given a sketch of Dr. Johnson: my readers may wish to know a little of
+    his fellow traveller<a href="#note-148">[148]</a>. Think then, of a gentleman of ancient blood,
+    the pride of which was his predominant passion. He was then in his
+    thirty-third year, and had been about four years happily married. His
+    inclination was to be a soldier<a href="#note-149">[149]</a>; but his father, a respectable[150]
+    Judge, had pressed him into the profession of the law. He had travelled
+    a good deal, and seen many varieties of human life. He had thought more
+    than any body supposed, and had a pretty good stock of general learning
+    and knowledge<a href="#note-151">[151]</a>. He had all Dr. Johnson's principles, with some
+    degree of relaxation. He had rather too little, than too much prudence;
+    and, his imagination being lively, he often said things of which the
+    effect was very different from the intention<a href="#note-152">[152]</a>. He resembled sometimes
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'The best good man, with the worst natur'd muse<a href="#note-153">[153]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    He cannot deny himself the vanity of finishing with the encomium of Dr.
+    Johnson, whose friendly partiality to the companion of his Tour
+    represents him as one 'whose acuteness would help my enquiry, and whose
+    gaiety of conversation, and civility of manners, are sufficient to
+    counteract the inconveniences of travel, in countries less hospitable
+    than we have passed<a href="#note-154">[154]</a>.'  Dr. Johnson thought it unnecessary to put
+    himself to the additional expence of bringing with him Francis Barber,
+    his faithful black servant; so we were attended only by my man, Joseph
+    Ritter, a Bohemian; a fine stately fellow above six feet high, who had
+    been over a great part of Europe, and spoke many languages. He was the
+    best servant I ever saw. Let not my readers disdain his introduction!
+    For Dr. Johnson gave him this character: 'Sir, he is a civil man, and a
+    wise man<a href="#note-155">[155]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    From an erroneous apprehension of violence, Dr. Johnson had provided a
+    pair of pistols, some gunpowder, and a quantity of bullets: but upon
+    being assured we should run no risk of meeting any robbers, he left his
+    arms and ammunition in an open drawer, of which he gave my wife the
+    charge. He also left in that drawer one volume of a pretty full and
+    curious Diary of his Life, of which I have a few fragments; but the book
+    has been destroyed. I wish female curiosity had been strong enough to
+    have had it all transcribed; which might easily have been done; and I
+    should think the theft, being <i>pro bono publico</i>, might have been
+    forgiven. But I may be wrong. My wife told me she never once looked into
+    it<a href="#note-156">[156]</a>.&mdash;She did not seem quite easy when we left her: but away
+    we went!
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Nairne, advocate, was to go with us as far as St. Andrews. It gives
+    me pleasure that, by mentioning his <i>name</i>, I connect his title to the
+    just and handsome compliment paid him by Dr. Johnson, in his book: 'A
+    gentleman who could stay with us only long enough to make us know how
+    much we lost by his leaving us<a href="#note-157">[157]</a>. 'When we came to Leith, I talked
+    with perhaps too boasting an air, how pretty the Frith of Forth looked;
+    as indeed, after the prospect from Constantinople, of which I have been
+    told, and that from Naples, which I have seen, I believe the view of
+    that Frith and its environs, from the Castle-hill of Edinburgh, is the
+    finest prospect in Europe. 'Ay, (said Dr. Johnson,) that is the state of
+    the world. Water is the same every where.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     "Una est injusti caerula forma maris<a href="#note-158">[158]</a>."'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    I told him the port here was the mouth of the river or water of <i>Leith</i>.
+    'Not <i>Lethe</i>; said Mr. Nairne. 'Why, Sir, (said Dr. Johnson,) when a
+    Scotchman sets out from this port for England, he forgets his native
+    country.' NAIRNE. 'I hope, Sir, you will forget England here.' JOHNSON.
+    'Then 'twill still be more <i>Lethe</i>' He observed of the Pier or Quay,
+    'you have no occasion for so large a one: your trade does not require
+    it: but you are like a shopkeeper who takes a shop, not only for what he
+    has to put in it, but that it may be believed he has a great deal to put
+    into it.' It is very true, that there is now, comparatively, little
+    trade upon the eastern coast of Scotland. The riches of Glasgow shew how
+    much there is in the west; and perhaps we shall find trade travel
+    westward on a great scale, as well as a small.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We talked of a man's drowning himself. JOHNSON. 'I should never think it
+    time to make away with myself.' I put the case of Eustace Budgell<a href="#note-159">[159]</a>,
+    who was accused of forging a will, and sunk himself in the Thames,
+    before the trial of its authenticity came on. 'Suppose, Sir, (said I,)
+    that a man is absolutely sure, that, if he lives a few days longer, he
+    shall be detected in a fraud, the consequence of which will be utter
+    disgrace and expulsion from society.' JOHNSON. 'Then, Sir, let him go
+    abroad to a distant country; let him go to some place where he is <i>not</i>
+    known. Don't let him go to the devil where he <i>is</i> known!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He then said, 'I see a number of people bare-footed here: I suppose you
+    all went so before the Union. Boswell, your ancestors went so, when they
+    had as much land as your family has now. Yet <i>Auchinleck</i> is the <i>Field
+    of Stones</i>: there would be bad going bare-footed there. The <i>Lairds</i>,
+    however, did it.' I bought some <i>speldings</i>, fish (generally whitings)
+    salted and dried in a particular manner, being dipped in the sea and
+    dried in the sun, and eaten by the Scots by way of a relish. He had
+    never seen them, though they are sold in London. I insisted on
+    <i>scottifying</i><a href="#note-160">[160]</a> his palate; but he was very reluctant. With
+    difficulty I prevailed with him to let a bit of one of them lie in his
+    mouth. He did not like it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In crossing the Frith, Dr. Johnson determined that we should land upon
+    Inch Keith<a href="#note-161">[161]</a>. On approaching it, we first observed a high rocky
+    shore. We coasted about, and put into a little bay on the North-west. We
+    clambered up a very steep ascent, on which was very good grass, but
+    rather a profusion of thistles. There were sixteen head of black cattle
+    grazing upon the island. Lord Hailes observed to me, that Brantome calls
+    it <i>L'isle des Chevaux</i>, and that it was probably 'a <i>safer</i> stable'
+    than many others in his time. The fort<a href="#note-162">[162]</a>, with an inscription on
+    it, <i>Maria Re</i> 1564, is strongly built. Dr. Johnson examined it with much
+    attention. He stalked like a giant among the luxuriant thistles and
+    nettles. There are three wells in the island; but we could not find one
+    in the fort. There must probably have been one, though now filled up, as
+    a garrison could not subsist without it. But I have dwelt too long on
+    this little spot. Dr. Johnson afterwards bade me try to write a
+    description of our discovering Inch Keith, in the usual style of
+    travellers, describing fully every particular; stating the grounds on
+    which we concluded that it must have once been inhabited, and
+    introducing many sage reflections; and we should see how a thing might
+    be covered in words, so as to induce people to come and survey it. All
+    that was told might be true, and yet in reality there might be nothing
+    to see. He said, 'I'd have this island. I'd build a house, make a good
+    landing-place, have a garden, and vines, and all sorts of trees. A rich
+    man, of a hospitable turn, here, would have many visitors from
+    Edinburgh.' When we got into our boat again, he called to me, 'Come,
+    now, pay a classical compliment to the island on quitting it.' I
+    happened luckily, in allusion to the beautiful Queen Mary, whose name is
+    upon the fort, to think of what Virgil makes Aeneas say, on having left
+    the country of his charming Dido.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Invitus, regina, tuo de littore cessi<a href="#note-163">[163]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Very well hit off!' said he.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We dined at Kinghorn, and then got into a post-chaise<a href="#note-164">[164]</a>. Mr. Nairne
+    and his servant, and Joseph, rode by us. We stopped at Cupar, and drank
+    tea. We talked of parliament; and I said, I supposed very few of the
+    members knew much of what was going on, as indeed very few gentlemen
+    know much of their own private affairs. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, if a man is
+    not of a sluggish mind, he may be his own steward. If he will look into
+    his affairs, he will soon learn<a href="#note-165">[165]</a>. So it is as to publick affairs.
+    There must always be a certain number of men of business in parliament.'
+    BOSWELL. 'But consider, Sir; what is the House of Commons? Is not a
+    great part of it chosen by peers? Do you think, Sir, they ought to have
+    such an influence?' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir. Influence must ever be in
+    proportion to property; and it is right it should<a href="#note-166">[166]</a>.' BOSWELL. 'But
+    is there not reason to fear that the common people may be oppressed?'
+    JOHNSON. 'No, Sir. Our great fear is from want of power in government.
+    Such a storm of vulgar force has broke in.' BOSWELL. 'It has only
+    roared.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, it has roared, till the Judges in
+    Westminster-Hall have been afraid to pronounce sentence in opposition to
+    the popular cry<a href="#note-167">[167]</a>. You are frightened by what is no longer dangerous,
+    like Presbyterians by Popery.' He then repeated a passage, I think, in
+    <i>Butler's Remains</i>, which ends, 'and would cry, Fire! Fire! in Noah's
+    flood<a href="#note-168">[168]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We had a dreary drive, in a dusky night, to St. Andrews, where we
+    arrived late. We found a good supper at Glass's inn, and Dr. Johnson
+    revived agreeably. He said, 'the collection called <i>The Muses' Welcome
+    to King James</i>, (first of England, and sixth of Scotland,) on his return
+    to his native kingdom, shewed that there was then abundance of learning
+    in Scotland; and that the conceits in that collection, with which people
+    find fault, were mere mode.' He added, 'we could not now entertain a
+    sovereign so; that Buchanan had spread the spirit of learning amongst
+    us, but we had lost it during the civil wars<a href="#note-169">[169]</a>.' He did not allow the
+    Latin Poetry of Pitcairne so much merit as has been usually attributed
+    to it; though he owned that one of his pieces, which he mentioned, but
+    which I am sorry is not specified in my notes, was, 'very well.' It is
+    not improbable that it was the poem which Prior has so elegantly
+    translated<a href="#note-170">[170]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After supper, we made a <i>procession</i> to <i>Saint Leonard's College</i>, the
+    landlord walking before us with a candle, and the waiter with a lantern.
+    That college had some time before been dissolved; and Dr. Watson, a
+    professor here, (the historian of Philip II.) had purchased the ground,
+    and what buildings remained. When we entered this court, it seemed quite
+    academical; and we found in his house very comfortable and genteel
+    accommodation<a href="#note-171">[171]</a>.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_12"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THURSDAY, AUGUST 19.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    We rose much refreshed. I had with me a map of Scotland, a bible which
+    was given me by Lord Mountstuart when we were together in Italy<a href="#note-172">[172]</a>,
+    and Ogden's <i>Sermons on Prayer</i>; Mr. Nairne introduced us to Dr. Watson,
+    whom we found a well-informed man, of very amiable manners. Dr. Johnson,
+    after they were acquainted, said, 'I take great delight in him.' His
+    daughter, a very pleasing young lady, made breakfast. Dr. Watson
+    observed, that Glasgow University had fewer home-students, since trade
+    increased, as learning was rather incompatible with it. JOHNSON. 'Why,
+    Sir, as trade is now carried on by subordinate hands, men in trade have
+    as much leisure as others; and now learning itself is a trade. A man
+    goes to a bookseller, and gets what he can. We have done with
+    patronage<a href="#note-173">[173]</a>. In the infancy of learning, we find some great man
+    praised for it. This diffused it among others. When it becomes general,
+    an authour leaves the great, and applies to the multitude.' BOSWELL. 'It
+    is a shame that authours are not now better patronized.' JOHNSON. 'No,
+    Sir. If learning cannot support a man, if he must sit with his hands
+    across till somebody feeds him, it is as to him a bad thing, and it is
+    better as it is. With patronage, what flattery! what falsehood! While a
+    man is in equilibrio, he throws truth among the multitude, and lets them
+    take it as they please: in patronage, he must say what pleases his
+    patron, and it is an equal chance whether that be truth or falsehood.'
+    WATSON. 'But is not the case now, that, instead of flattering one
+    person, we flatter the age?' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir. The world always lets a
+    man tell what he thinks, his own way. I wonder, however, that so many
+    people have written, who might have let it alone. That people should
+    endeavour to excel in conversation, I do not wonder; because in
+    conversation praise is instantly reverberated<a href="#note-174">[174]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We talked of change of manners. Dr. Johnson observed, that our drinking
+    less than our ancestors was owing to the change from ale to wine.' I
+    remember, (said he,) when all the <i>decent</i> people in Lichfield got drunk
+    every night, and were not the worse thought of<a href="#note-175">[175]</a>. Ale was cheap, so
+    you pressed strongly. When a man must bring a bottle of wine, he is not
+    in such haste. Smoking has gone out. To be sure, it is a shocking thing,
+    blowing smoke out of our mouths into other people's mouths, eyes, and
+    noses, and having the same thing done to us. Yet I cannot account, why a
+    thing which requires so little exertion, and yet preserves the mind from
+    total vacuity, should have gone out<a href="#note-176">[176]</a>. Every man has something by
+    which he calms himself: beating with his feet, or so<a href="#note-177">[177]</a>. I remember
+    when people in England changed a shirt only once a week<a href="#note-178">[178]</a>: a Pandour,
+    when he gets a shirt, greases it to make it last. Formerly, good
+    tradesmen had no fire but in the kitchen; never in the parlour, except
+    on Sunday. My father, who was a magistrate of Lichfield, lived thus.
+    They never began to have a fire in the parlour, but on leaving off
+    business, or some great revolution of their life.' Dr. Watson said, the
+    hall was as a kitchen, in old squires' houses. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir. The
+    hall was for great occasions, and never was used for domestick
+    refection<a href="#note-179">[179]</a>.' We talked of the Union, and what money it had brought
+    into Scotland. Dr. Watson observed, that a little money formerly went as
+    far as a great deal now. JOHNSON. 'In speculation, it seems that a
+    smaller quantity of money, equal in value to a larger quantity, if
+    equally divided, should produce the same effect. But it is not so in
+    reality. Many more conveniences and elegancies are enjoyed where money
+    is plentiful, than where it is scarce. Perhaps a great familiarity with
+    it, which arises from plenty, makes us more easily part with it.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    After what Dr. Johnson had said of St. Andrews, which he had long wished
+    to see, as our oldest university, and the seat of our Primate in the
+    days of episcopacy, I can say little. Since the publication of Dr.
+    Johnson's book, I find that he has been censured for not seeing here
+    the ancient chapel of <i>St. Rule</i>, a curious piece of sacred
+    architecture.<a href="#note-180">[180]</a> But this was neither his fault nor mine. We were both
+    of us abundantly desirous of surveying such sort of antiquities: but
+    neither of us knew of this. I am afraid the censure must fall on those
+    who did not tell us of it. In every place, where there is any thing
+    worthy of observation, there should be a short printed directory for
+    strangers, such as we find in all the towns of Italy, and in some of the
+    towns in England. I was told that there is a manuscript account of St.
+    Andrews, by Martin, secretary to Archbishop Sharp;<a href="#note-181">[181]</a> and that one
+    Douglas has published a small account of it. I inquired at a
+    bookseller's, but could not get it. Dr. Johnson's veneration for the
+    Hierarchy is well known.<a href="#note-182">[182]</a> There is no wonder then, that he was
+    affected with a strong indignation, while he beheld the ruins of
+    religious magnificence. I happened to ask where John Knox was buried.
+    Dr. Johnson burst out, 'I hope in the high-way.<a href="#note-183">[183]</a> I have been looking
+    at his reformations.'<a href="#note-184">[184]</a>  It was a very fine day. Dr. Johnson seemed
+    quite wrapt up in the contemplation of the scenes which were now
+    presented to him. He kept his hat off while he was upon any part of the
+    ground where the cathedral had stood. He said well, that 'Knox had set
+    on a mob, without knowing where it would end; and that differing from a
+    man in doctrine was no reason why you should pull his house about his
+    ears.' As we walked in the cloisters, there was a solemn echo, while he
+    talked loudly of a proper retirement from the world. Mr. Nairne said, he
+    had an inclination to retire. I called Dr. Johnson's attention to this,
+    that I might hear his opinion if it was right. JOHNSON. 'Yes, when he
+    has done his duty to society<a href="#note-185">[185]</a>. In general, as every man is obliged
+    not only to "love GOD, but his neighbour as himself," he must bear his
+    part in active life; yet there are exceptions. Those who are exceedingly
+    scrupulous, (which I do not approve, for I am no friend to
+    scruples<a href="#note-186">[186]</a>,) and find their scrupulosity[187] invincible, so that
+    they are quite in the dark, and know not what they shall do,&mdash;or those
+    who cannot resist temptations, and find they make themselves worse by
+    being in the world, without making it better, may retire<a href="#note-188">[188]</a>. I never
+    read of a hermit, but in imagination I kiss his feet; never of a
+    monastery, but I could fall on my knees, and kiss the pavement. But I
+    think putting young people there, who know nothing of life, nothing of
+    retirement, is dangerous and wicked<a href="#note-189">[189]</a>. It is a saying as old
+    as Hesiod,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Erga neon, boulaite meson, enchaite geronton<a href="#note-190">[190]</a>.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    That is a very noble line: not that young men should not pray, or old
+    men not give counsel, but that every season of life has its proper
+    duties. I have thought of retiring, and have talked of it to a friend;
+    but I find my vocation is rather to active life.' I said, some young
+    monks might be allowed, to shew that it is not age alone that can retire
+    to pious solitude; but he thought this would only shew that they could
+    not resist temptation.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He wanted to mount the steeples, but it could not be done. There are no
+    good inscriptions here. Bad Roman characters he naturally mistook for
+    half Gothick, half Roman. One of the steeples, which he was told was in
+    danger, he wished not to be taken down; 'for, said he, it may fall on
+    some of the posterity of John Knox; and no great matter!'&mdash;Dinner was
+    mentioned. JOHNSON. 'Ay, ay; amidst all these sorrowful scenes, I have
+    no objection to dinner<a href="#note-191">[191]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We went and looked at the castle, where Cardinal Beaton was
+    murdered<a href="#note-192">[192]</a>, and then visited Principal Murison at his college, where
+    is a good library-room; but the Principal was abundantly vain of it, for
+    he seriously said to Dr. Johnson, 'you have not such a one in
+    England.'<a href="#note-193">[193]</a>
+</p>
+<p>
+    The professors entertained us with a very good dinner. Present: Murison,
+    Shaw, Cook, Hill, Haddo, Watson, Flint, Brown. I observed, that I
+    wondered to see him eat so well, after viewing so many sorrowful scenes
+    of ruined religious magnificence. 'Why, said he, I am not sorry, after
+    seeing these gentlemen; for they are not sorry.' Murison said, all
+    sorrow was bad, as it was murmuring against the dispensations of
+    Providence. JOHNSON. 'Sir, sorrow is inherent in humanity. As you cannot
+    judge two and two to be either five, or three, but certainly four, so,
+    when comparing a worse present state with a better which is past, you
+    cannot but feel sorrow.<a href="#note-194">[194]</a> It is not cured by reason, but by the
+    incursion of present objects, which wear out the past. You need not
+    murmur, though you are sorry.' MURISON. 'But St. Paul says, "I have
+    learnt, in whatever state I am, therewith to be content."' JOHNSON.
+    'Sir, that relates to riches and poverty; for we see St. Paul, when he
+    had a thorn in the flesh, prayed earnestly to have it removed; and then
+    he could not be content.' Murison, thus refuted, tried to be smart, and
+    drank to Dr. Johnson, 'Long may you lecture!' Dr. Johnson afterwards,
+    speaking of his not drinking wine, said, 'The Doctor spoke of
+    <i>lecturing</i> (looking to him). I give all these lectures on water.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He defended requiring subscription in those admitted to universities,
+    thus: 'As all who come into the country must obey the king, so all who
+    come into an university must be of the church<a href="#note-195">[195]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    And here I must do Dr. Johnson the justice to contradict a very absurd
+    and ill-natured story, as to what passed at St. Andrews. It has been
+    circulated, that, after grace was said in English, in the usual manner,
+    he with the greatest marks of contempt, as if he had held it to be no
+    grace in an university, would not sit down till he had said grace aloud
+    in Latin. This would have been an insult indeed to the gentlemen who
+    were entertaining us. But the truth was precisely thus. In the course of
+    conversation at dinner, Dr. Johnson, in very good humour, said, 'I
+    should have expected to have heard a Latin grace, among so many learned
+    men: we had always a Latin grace at Oxford. I believe I can repeat
+    it.'<a href="#note-196">[196]</a> Which he did, as giving the learned men in one place a
+    specimen of what was done by the learned men in another place.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We went and saw the church, in which is Archbishop Sharp's
+    monument.<a href="#note-197">[197]</a> I was struck with the same kind of feelings with which
+    the churches of Italy impressed me. I was much pleased, to see Dr.
+    Johnson actually in St. Andrews, of which we had talked so long.
+    Professor Haddo was with us this afternoon, along with Dr. Watson. We
+    looked at St. Salvador's College. The rooms for students seemed very
+    commodious, and Dr. Johnson said, the chapel was the neatest place of
+    worship he had seen. The key of the library could not be found; for it
+    seems Professor Hill, who was out of town, had taken it with him. Dr.
+    Johnson told a joke he had heard of a monastery abroad, where the key of
+    the library could never be found.
+</p>
+<p>
+    It was somewhat dispiriting, to see this ancient archiepiscopal city
+    now sadly deserted<a href="#note-198">[198]</a>. We saw in one of its streets a remarkable proof
+    of liberal toleration; a nonjuring clergyman, strutting about in his
+    canonicals, with a jolly countenance and a round belly, like a
+    well-fed monk.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We observed two occupations united in the same person, who had hung out
+    two sign-posts. Upon one was, 'James Hood, White Iron Smith' (<i>i.e.</i>
+    Tin-plate Worker). Upon another, 'The Art of Fencing taught, by James
+    Hood.'&mdash;Upon this last were painted some trees, and two men fencing, one
+    of whom had hit the other in the eye, to shew his great dexterity; so
+    that the art was well taught. JOHNSON. 'Were I studying here, I should
+    go and take a lesson. I remember <i>Hope</i>, in his book on this art<a href="#note-199">[199]</a>,
+    says, "the Scotch are very good fencers."'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We returned to the inn, where we had been entertained at dinner, and
+    drank tea in company with some of the Professors, of whose civilities I
+    beg leave to add my humble and very grateful acknowledgement to the
+    honourable testimony of Dr. Johnson, in his <i>Journey</i><a href="#note-200">[200]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We talked of composition, which was a favourite topick of Dr. Watson's,
+    who first distinguished himself by lectures on rhetorick. JOHNSON. 'I
+    advised Chambers, and would advise every young man beginning to compose,
+    to do it as fast as he can, to get a habit of having his mind to start
+    promptly; it is so much more difficult to improve in speed than in
+    accuracy<a href="#note-201">[201]</a>.' WATSON. 'I own I am for much attention to accuracy in
+    composing, lest one should get bad habits of doing it in a slovenly
+    manner.' JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, you are confounding <i>doing</i> inaccurately
+    with the <i>necessity</i> of doing inaccurately. A man knows when his
+    composition is inaccurate, and when he thinks fit he'll correct it. But,
+    if a man is accustomed to compose slowly, and with difficulty, upon all
+    occasions, there is danger that he may not compose at all, as we do not
+    like to do that which is not done easily; and, at any rate, more time is
+    consumed in a small matter than ought to be.' WATSON. 'Dr. Hugh Blair
+    has taken a week to compose a sermon.' JOHNSON. 'Then, Sir, that is for
+    want of the habit of composing quickly, which I am insisting one should
+    acquire.' WATSON. 'Blair was not composing all the week, but only such
+    hours as he found himself disposed for composition.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir,
+    unless you tell me the time he took, you tell me nothing. If I say I
+    took a week to walk a mile, and have had the gout five days, and been
+    ill otherwise another day, I have taken but one day. I myself have
+    composed about forty sermons<a href="#note-202">[202]</a>. I have begun a sermon after dinner,
+    and sent it off by the post that night. I wrote forty-eight of the
+    printed octavo pages of the <i>Life of Savage</i> at a sitting; but then I
+    sat up all night. I have also written six sheets in a day of translation
+    from the French<a href="#note-203">[203]</a>.' BOSWELL. 'We have all observed how one man
+    dresses himself slowly, and another fast.' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir: it is
+    wonderful how much time some people will consume in dressing; taking up
+    a thing and looking at it, and laying it down, and taking it up again.
+    Every one should get the habit of doing it quickly. I would say to a
+    young divine, "Here is your text; let me see how soon you can make a
+    sermon." Then I'd say, "Let me see how much better you can make it."
+    Thus I should see both his powers and his judgement.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We all went to Dr. Watson's to supper. Miss Sharp, great grandchild of
+    Archbishop Sharp, was there; as was Mr. Craig, the ingenious architect
+    of the new town of Edinburgh<a href="#note-204">[204]</a> and nephew of Thomson, to whom Dr.
+    Johnson has since done so much justice, in his <i>Lives of the Poets</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We talked of memory, and its various modes. JOHNSON. 'Memory will play
+    strange tricks. One sometimes loses a single word. I once lost <i>fugaces</i>
+    in the Ode <i>Posthume, Posthume</i><a href="#note-205">[205]</a>.' I mentioned to him, that a worthy
+    gentleman of my acquaintance actually forgot his own name. JOHNSON.
+    'Sir, that was a morbid oblivion.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_13"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    FRIDAY, AUGUST 20.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Dr. Shaw, the professor of divinity, breakfasted with us. I took out my
+    <i>Ogden on Prayer</i>, and read some of it to the company. Dr. Johnson
+    praised him. 'Abernethy<a href="#note-206">[206]</a>, (said he,) allows only of a physical
+    effect of prayer upon the mind, which may be produced many ways, as well
+    as by prayer; for instance, by meditation. Ogden goes farther. In truth,
+    we have the consent of all nations for the efficacy of prayer, whether
+    offered up by individuals, or by assemblies; and Revelation has told us,
+    it will be effectual.' I said, 'Leechman seemed to incline to
+    Abernethy's doctrine.' Dr. Watson observed, that Leechman meant to shew,
+    that, even admitting no effect to be produced by prayer, respecting the
+    Deity, it was useful to our own minds<a href="#note-207">[207]</a>. He had given only a part of
+    his system. Dr. Johnson thought he should have given the whole.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson enforced the strict observance of Sunday<a href="#note-208">[208]</a>. 'It should be
+    different (he observed) from another day. People may walk, but not throw
+    stones at birds. There may be relaxation, but there should be no
+    levity<a href="#note-209">[209]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We went and saw Colonel Nairne's garden and grotto. Here was a fine old
+    plane tree. Unluckily the colonel said, there was but this and another
+    large tree in the county. This assertion was an excellent cue for Dr.
+    Johnson, who laughed enormously, calling to me to hear it. He had
+    expatiated to me on the nakedness of that part of Scotland which he had
+    seen. His <i>Journey</i> has been violently abused, for what he has said upon
+    this subject. But let it be considered, that, when Dr. Johnson talks of
+    trees, he means trees of good size, such as he was accustomed to see in
+    England; and of these there are certainly very few upon the <i>eastern
+    coast</i> of Scotland. Besides, he said, that he meant to give only a map
+    of the road; and let any traveller observe how many trees, which deserve
+    the name, he can see from the road from Berwick to Aberdeen<a href="#note-210">[210]</a>. Had
+    Dr. Johnson said, 'there are <i>no</i> trees' upon this line, he would have
+    said what is colloquially true; because, by no trees, in common speech,
+    we mean few. When he is particular in counting, he may be attacked. I
+    know not how Colonel Nairne came to say there were but <i>two</i> large trees
+    in the county of Fife. I did not perceive that he smiled. There are
+    certainly not a great many; but I could have shewn him more than two at
+    <i>Balmuto</i>, from whence my ancestors came, and which now belongs to a
+    branch of my family<a href="#note-211">[211]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The grotto was ingeniously constructed. In the front of it were
+    petrified stocks of fir, plane, and some other tree. Dr. Johnson said,
+    'Scotland has no right to boast of this grotto; it is owing to personal
+    merit. I never denied personal merit to many of you.' Professor Shaw
+    said to me, as we walked, 'This is a wonderful man; he is master of
+    every subject he handles.' Dr. Watson allowed him a very strong
+    understanding, but wondered at his total inattention to established
+    manners, as he came from London.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I have not preserved in my Journal, any of the conversation which passed
+    between Dr. Johnson and Professor Shaw; but I recollect Dr. Johnson said
+    to me afterwards, 'I took much to Shaw.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We left St. Andrews about noon, and some miles from it observing, at
+    <i>Leuchars</i>, a church with an old tower, we stopped to look at it. The
+    <i>manse</i>, as the parsonage-house is called in Scotland, was close by. I
+    waited on the minister, mentioned our names, and begged he would tell us
+    what he knew about it. He was a very civil old man; but could only
+    inform us, that it was supposed to have stood eight hundred years. He
+    told us, there was a colony of Danes in his parish<a href="#note-212">[212]</a>; that they had
+    landed at a remote period of time, and still remained a distinct people.
+    Dr. Johnson shrewdly inquired whether they had brought women with them.
+    We were not satisfied as to this colony.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We saw, this day, Dundee and Aberbrothick, the last of which Dr. Johnson
+    has celebrated in his <i>Journey</i><a href="#note-213">[213]</a>. Upon the road we talked of the
+    Roman Catholick faith. He mentioned (I think) Tillotson's argument
+    against transubstantiation: 'That we are as sure we see bread and wine
+    only, as that we read in the Bible the text on which that false doctrine
+    is founded. We have only the evidence of our senses for both<a href="#note-214">[214]</a>.' 'If,
+    (he added,) GOD had never spoken figuratively, we might hold that he
+    speaks literally, when he says, "This is my body<a href="#note-215">[215]</a>."' BOSWELL. 'But
+    what do you say, Sir, to the ancient and continued tradition of the
+    church upon this point?' JOHNSON. 'Tradition, Sir, has no place, where
+    the Scriptures are plain; and tradition cannot persuade a man into a
+    belief of transubstantiation. Able men, indeed, have <i>said</i> they
+    believed it.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    This is an awful subject. I did not then press Dr. Johnson upon it: nor
+    shall I now enter upon a disquisition concerning the import of those
+    words uttered by our Saviour<a href="#note-216">[216]</a>, which had such an effect upon many of
+    his disciples, that they 'went back, and walked no more with him.' The
+    Catechism and solemn office for Communion, in the Church of England,
+    maintain a mysterious belief in more than a mere commemoration of the
+    death of Christ, by partaking of the elements of bread and wine.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson put me in mind, that, at St. Andrews, I had defended my
+    profession very well, when the question had again been started, Whether
+    a lawyer might honestly engage with the first side that offers him a
+    fee. 'Sir, (said I,) it was with your arguments against Sir William
+    Forbes<a href="#note-217">[217]</a>: but it was much that I could wield the arms of Goliah.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He said, our judges had not gone deep in the question concerning
+    literary property. I mentioned Lord Monboddo's opinion, that if a man
+    could get a work by heart, he might print it, as by such an act the mind
+    is exercised. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; a man's repeating it no more makes it
+    his property, than a man may sell a cow which he drives home.' I said,
+    printing an abridgement of a work was allowed, which was only cutting
+    the horns and tail off the cow. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; 'tis making the cow
+    have a calf<a href="#note-218">[218]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    About eleven at night we arrived at Montrose. We found but a sorry inn,
+    where I myself saw another waiter put a lump of sugar with his fingers
+    into Dr. Johnson's lemonade, for which he called him 'Rascal!' It put me
+    in great glee that our landlord was an Englishman. I rallied the Doctor
+    upon this, and he grew quiet<a href="#note-219">[219]</a>. Both Sir John Hawkins's and Dr.
+    Burney's <i>History of Musick</i> had then been advertised. I asked if this
+    was not unlucky: would not they hurt one another? JOHNSON. 'No, Sir.
+    They will do good to one another. Some will buy the one, some the other,
+    and compare them; and so a talk is made about a thing, and the books
+    are sold.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He was angry at me for proposing to carry lemons with us to Sky, that
+    he might be sure to have his lemonade. 'Sir, (said he,) I do not wish to
+    be thought that feeble man who cannot do without any thing. Sir, it is
+    very bad manners to carry provisions to any man's house, as if he could
+    not entertain you. To an inferior, it is oppressive; to a superior, it
+    is insolent.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Having taken the liberty, this evening, to remark to Dr. Johnson, that
+    he very often sat quite silent for a long time, even when in company
+    with only a single friend, which I myself had sometimes sadly
+    experienced, he smiled and said, 'It is true, Sir<a href="#note-220">[220]</a>. Tom Tyers, (for
+    so he familiarly called our ingenious friend, who, since his death, has
+    paid a biographical tribute to his memory<a href="#note-221">[221]</a>,) Tom Tyers described me
+    the best. He once said to me, "Sir, you are like a ghost: you never
+    speak till you are spoken to<a href="#note-222">[222]</a>."'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_14"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SATURDAY, AUGUST 31.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Neither the Rev. Mr. Nisbet, the established minister, nor the Rev. Mr.
+    Spooner, the episcopal minister, were in town. Before breakfast, we went
+    and saw the town-hall, where is a good dancing-room, and other rooms for
+    tea-drinking. The appearance of the town from it is very well; but many
+    of the houses are built with their ends to the street, which looks
+    awkward. When we came down from it, I met Mr. Gleg, a merchant here. He
+    went with us to see the English chapel. It is situated on a pretty dry
+    spot, and there is a fine walk to it. It is really an elegant building,
+    both within and without. The organ is adorned with green and gold. Dr.
+    Johnson gave a shilling extraordinary to the clerk, saying, 'He belongs
+    to an honest church<a href="#note-223">[223]</a>.' I put him in mind, that episcopals were but
+    <i>dissenters</i> here; they were only <i>tolerated</i>. 'Sir, (said he,) we are
+    here, as Christians in Turkey.' He afterwards went into an apothecary's
+    shop, and ordered some medicine for himself, and wrote the prescription
+    in technical characters. The boy took him for a physician<a href="#note-224">[224]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I doubted much which road to take, whether to go by the coast, or by
+    Laurence Kirk and Monboddo. I knew Lord Monboddo and Dr. Johnson did not
+    love each other<a href="#note-225">[225]</a>; yet I was unwilling not to visit his Lordship; and
+    was also curious to see them together<a href="#note-226">[226]</a>. I mentioned my doubts to Dr.
+    Johnson, who said, he would go two miles out of his way to see Lord
+    Monboddo<a href="#note-227">[227]</a>. I therefore sent Joseph forward with the
+    following note:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Montrose, August 21.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'My Dear Lord,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Thus far I am come with Mr. Samuel Johnson. We must be at Aberdeen
+    to-night. I know you do not admire him so much as I do; but I cannot be
+    in this country without making you a bow at your old place, as I do not
+    know if I may again have an opportunity of seeing Monboddo. Besides, Mr.
+    Johnson says, he would go two miles out of his way to see Lord Monboddo.
+    I have sent forward my servant, that we may know if your lordship be
+    at home.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I am ever, my dear lord,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Most sincerely yours,
+</p>
+<center>
+    'JAMES BOSWELL.'
+</center>
+<p>
+    As we travelled onwards from Montrose, we had the Grampion hills in our
+    view, and some good land around us, but void of trees and hedges. Dr.
+    Johnson has said ludicrously, in his <i>Journey</i>, that the <i>hedges</i> were
+    of <i>stone</i><a href="#note-228">[228]</a>; for, instead of the verdant <i>thorn</i> to refresh the eye,
+    we found the bare <i>wall</i> or <i>dike</i> intersecting the prospect. He
+    observed, that it was wonderful to see a country so divested, so
+    denuded of trees.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We stopped at Laurence Kirk<a href="#note-229">[229]</a>, where our great Grammarian,
+    Ruddiman<a href="#note-230">[230]</a>, was once schoolmaster. We respectfully remembered that
+    excellent man and eminent scholar, by whose labours a knowledge of the
+    Latin language will be preserved in Scotland, if it shall be preserved
+    at all. Lord Gardenston<a href="#note-231">[231]</a>, one of our judges, collected money to
+    raise a monument to him at this place, which I hope will be well
+    executed<a href="#note-232">[232]</a>. I know my father gave five guineas towards it. Lord
+    Gardenston is the proprietor of Laurence Kirk, and has encouraged the
+    building of a manufacturing village, of which he is exceedingly fond,
+    and has written a pamphlet upon it<a href="#note-233">[233]</a>, as if he had founded Thebes; in
+    which, however, there are many useful precepts strongly expressed. The
+    village seemed to be irregularly built, some of the houses being of
+    clay, some of brick, and some of brick and stone. Dr. Johnson observed,
+    they thatched well here.  I was a little acquainted with Mr. Forbes,
+    the minister of the parish. I sent to inform him that a gentleman
+    desired to see him. He returned for answer, 'that he would not come to a
+    stranger.' I then gave my name, and he came. I remonstrated to him for
+    not coming to a stranger; and, by presenting him to Dr. Johnson, proved
+    to him what a stranger might sometimes be. His Bible inculcates, 'be not
+    forgetful to entertain strangers,' and mentions the same motive<a href="#note-234">[234]</a>. He
+    defended himself by saying, 'He had once come to a stranger who sent for
+    him; and he found him "<i>a little worth person!</i>"'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson insisted on stopping at the inn, as I told him that Lord
+    Gardenston had furnished it with a collection of books, that travellers
+    might have entertainment for the mind, as well as the body. He praised
+    the design, but wished there had been more books, and those
+    better chosen.
+</p>
+<p>
+    About a mile from Monboddo, where you turn off the road, Joseph was
+    waiting to tell us my lord expected us to dinner. We drove over a wild
+    moor. It rained, and the scene was somewhat dreary. Dr. Johnson
+    repeated, with solemn emphasis, Macbeth's speech on meeting the witches.
+    As we travelled on, he told me, 'Sir, you got into our club by doing
+    what a man can do<a href="#note-235">[235]</a>. Several of the members wished to keep you out.
+    Burke told me, he doubted if you were fit for it: but, now you are in,
+    none of them are sorry. Burke says, that you have so much good humour
+    naturally, it is scarce a virtue<a href="#note-236">[236]</a>.' BOSWELL. 'They were afraid of
+    you, Sir, as it was you who proposed me.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, they knew, that
+    if they refused you, they'd probably never have got in another. I'd have
+    kept them all out. Beauclerk was very earnest for you.' BOSWELL.
+    "Beauclerk has a keenness of mind which is very uncommon." JOHNSON.
+    'Yes, Sir; and everything comes from him so easily. It appears to me
+    that I labour, when I say a good thing.' BOSWELL. 'You are loud, Sir;
+    but it is not an effort of mind<a href="#note-237">[237]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Monboddo is a wretched place, wild and naked, with a poor old house;
+    though, if I recollect right, there are two turrets which mark an old
+    baron's residence. Lord Monboddo received us at his gate most
+    courteously; pointed to the Douglas arms upon his house, and told us
+    that his great-grandmother was of that family. 'In such houses (said
+    he,) our ancestors lived, who were better men than we.' 'No, no, my lord
+    (said Dr. Johnson). We are as strong as they, and a great deal
+    wiser<a href="#note-238">[238]</a>.' This was an assault upon one of Lord Monboddo's capital
+    dogmas, and I was afraid there would have been a violent altercation in
+    the very close, before we got into the house. But his lordship is
+    distinguished not only for 'ancient metaphysicks,' but for ancient
+    <i>politesse</i>, '<i>la vieille cour</i>' and he made no reply<a href="#note-239">[239]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    His lordship was dressed in a rustick suit, and wore a little round
+    hat; he told us, we now saw him as <i>Farmer Burnet</i><a href="#note-240">[240]</a>, and we should
+    have his family dinner, a farmer's dinner. He said, 'I should not have
+    forgiven Mr. Boswell, had he not brought you here, Dr. Johnson.' He
+    produced a very long stalk of corn, as a specimen of his crop, and said,
+    'You see here the <i>loetas segetes</i><a href="#note-241">[241]</a>;' he added, that <i>Virgil</i> seemed
+    to be as enthusiastick a farmer as he<a href="#note-242">[242]</a>, and was certainly a
+    practical one. JOHNSON. 'It does not always follow, my lord, that a man
+    who has written a good poem on an art, has practised it. Philip Miller
+    told me, that in Philips's <i>Cyder</i>, a poem, all the precepts were just,
+    and indeed better than in books written for the purpose of instructing;
+    yet Philips had never made cyder<a href="#note-243">[243]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I started the subject of emigration<a href="#note-244">[244]</a>. JOHNSON. 'To a man of mere
+    animal life, you can urge no argument against going to America, but that
+    it will be some time before he will get the earth to produce. But a man
+    of any intellectual enjoyment will not easily go and immerse himself and
+    his posterity for ages in barbarism.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He and my lord spoke highly of Homer. JOHNSON. 'He had all the learning
+    of his age. The shield of Achilles shews a nation in war, a nation in
+    peace; harvest sport, nay, stealing<a href="#note-245">[245]</a>.' MONBODDO. 'Ay, and what we
+    (looking to me) would call a parliament-house scene<a href="#note-246">[246]</a>; a cause
+    pleaded.' JOHNSON. 'That is part of the life of a nation in peace. And
+    there are in Homer such characters of heroes, and combinations of
+    qualities of heroes, that the united powers of mankind ever since have
+    not produced any but what are to be found there.' MONBODDO. 'Yet no
+    character is described.' JOHNSON. 'No; they all develope themselves.
+    Agamemnon is always a gentleman-like character; he has always [Greek:
+    Basilikon ti]. That the ancients held so, is plain from this; that
+    Euripides, in his <i>Hecuba</i>, makes him the person to interpose<a href="#note-247">[247]</a>.'
+    MONBODDO. 'The history of manners is the most valuable. I never set a
+    high value on any other history.' JOHNSON. 'Nor I; and therefore I
+    esteem biography, as giving us what comes near to ourselves, what we can
+    turn to use<a href="#note-248">[248]</a>.' BOSWELL. 'But in the course of general history, we
+    find manners. In wars, we see the dispositions of people, their degrees
+    of humanity, and other particulars.' JOHNSON. 'Yes; but then you must
+    take all the facts to get this; and it is but a little you get.'
+    MONBODDO. 'And it is that little which makes history valuable.' Bravo!
+    thought I; they agree like two brothers. MONBODDO. 'I am sorry, Dr.
+    Johnson, you were not longer at Edinburgh to receive the homage of our
+    men of learning.' JOHNSON. 'My lord, I received great respect and great
+    kindness.' BOSWELL. 'He goes back to Edinburgh after our tour.' We
+    talked of the decrease of learning in Scotland, and of the <i>Muses'
+    Welcome</i><a href="#note-249">[249]</a>. JOHNSON. 'Learning is much decreased in England, in my
+    remembrance<a href="#note-250">[250]</a>.' MONBODDO. 'You, Sir, have lived to see its decrease
+    in England, I its extinction in Scotland.' However, I brought him to
+    confess that the High School of Edinburgh did well. JOHNSON. 'Learning
+    has decreased in England, because learning will not do so much for a man
+    as formerly. There are other ways of getting preferment. Few bishops are
+    now made for their learning. To be a bishop, a man must be learned in a
+    learned age,&mdash;factious in a factious age; but always of eminence<a href="#note-251">[251]</a>.
+    Warburton is an exception; though his learning alone did not raise him.
+    He was first an antagonist to Pope, and helped Theobald to publish his
+    <i>Shakspeare</i>; but, seeing Pope the rising man, when Crousaz attacked his
+    <i>Essay on Man</i>, for some faults which it has, and some which it has not,
+    Warburton defended it in the Review of that time<a href="#note-252">[252]</a>. This brought him
+    acquainted with Pope, and he gained his friendship. Pope introduced him
+    to Allen, Allen married him to his niece: so, by Allen's interest and
+    his own, he was made a bishop<a href="#note-253">[253]</a>. But then his learning was the <i>sine
+    qua non</i>: he knew how to make the most of it; but I do not find by any
+    dishonest means.' MONBODDO. 'He is a great man.' JOHNSON. 'Yes; he has
+    great knowledge,&mdash;great power of mind. Hardly any man brings greater
+    variety of learning to bear upon his point<a href="#note-254">[254]</a>.' MONBODDO. 'He is one
+    of the greatest lights of your church.' JOHNSON. 'Why, we are not so
+    sure of his being very friendly to us<a href="#note-255">[255]</a>. He blazes, if you will, but
+    that is not always the steadiest light. Lowth is another bishop who has
+    risen by his learning.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson examined young Arthur, Lord Monboddo's son, in Latin. He
+    answered very well; upon which he said, with complacency, 'Get you gone!
+    When King James comes back<a href="#note-256">[256]</a>, you shall be in the <i>Muses Welcome</i>!'
+    My lord and Dr. Johnson disputed a little, whether the Savage or the
+    London Shopkeeper had the best existence; his lordship, as usual,
+    preferring the Savage. My lord was extremely hospitable, and I saw both
+    Dr. Johnson and him liking each other better every hour.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson having retired for a short time, his lordship spoke of his
+    conversation as I could have wished. Dr. Johnson had said, 'I have done
+    greater feats with my knife than this;' though he had eaten a very
+    hearty dinner. My lord, who affects or believes he follows an
+    abstemious system, seemed struck with Dr. Johnson's manner of living. I
+    had a particular satisfaction in being under the roof of Monboddo, my
+    lord being my father's old friend, and having been always very good to
+    me. We were cordial together. He asked Dr. Johnson and me to stay all
+    night. When I said we <i>must</i> be at Aberdeen, he replied, 'Well, I am
+    like the Romans: I shall say to you, "Happy to come;&mdash;happy to depart!"'
+    He thanked Dr. Johnson for his visit.
+</p>
+<p>
+    JOHNSON. 'I little thought, when I had the honour to meet your Lordship
+    in London, that I should see you at Monboddo.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    After dinner, as the ladies<a href="#note-257">[257]</a> were going away, Dr. Johnson would
+    stand up. He insisted that politeness was of great consequence in
+    society. 'It is, (said he,) fictitious benevolence<a href="#note-258">[258]</a>. It supplies the
+    place of it amongst those who see each other only in publick, or but
+    little. Depend upon it, the want of it never fails to produce something
+    disagreeable to one or other. I have always applied to good breeding,
+    what Addison in his <i>Cato</i><a href="#note-259">[259]</a> says of honour:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     "Honour's a sacred tie; the law of Kings;
+      The noble mind's distinguishing perfection,
+      That aids and strengthens Virtue where it meets her;
+      And imitates her actions where she is not."'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    When he took up his large oak stick, he said, 'My lord, that's
+    <i>Homerick</i><a href="#note-260">[260]</a>;' thus pleasantly alluding to his lordship's
+    favourite writer.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Gory, my lord's black servant, was sent as our guide, to conduct us to
+    the high road. The circumstance of each of them having a black servant
+    was another point of similarity between Johnson and Monboddo. I
+    observed how curious it was to see an African in the North of Scotland,
+    with little or no difference of manners from those of the natives. Dr.
+    Johnson laughed to see Gory and Joseph riding together most cordially.
+    'Those two fellows, (said he,) one from Africa, the other from Bohemia,
+    seem quite at home.' He was much pleased with Lord Monboddo to-day. He
+    said, he would have pardoned him for a few paradoxes, when he found he
+    had so much that was good: but that, from his appearance in London, he
+    thought him all paradox; which would not do. He observed that his
+    lordship had talked no paradoxes to-day. 'And as to the savage and the
+    London shopkeeper, (said he,) I don't know but I might have taken the
+    side of the savage equally, had any body else taken the side of the
+    shopkeeper.<a href="#note-261">[261]</a>' He had said to my lord, in opposition to the value of
+    the savage's courage, that it was owing to his limited power of
+    thinking, and repeated Pope's verses, in which 'Macedonia's madman' is
+    introduced, and the conclusion is,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Yet ne'er looks forward farther than his nose<a href="#note-262">[262]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    I objected to the last phrase, as being low. JOHNSON. 'Sir, it is
+    intended to be low: it is satire. The expression is debased, to debase
+    the character.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    When Gory was about to part from us, Dr. Johnson called to him, 'Mr.
+    Gory, give me leave to ask you a question! are you baptised?' Gory told
+    him he was, and confirmed by the Bishop of Durham. He then gave him
+    a shilling.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We had tedious driving this afternoon, and were somewhat drowsy. Last
+    night I was afraid Dr. Johnson was beginning to faint in his resolution;
+    for he said, 'If we must ride much, we shall not go; and there's an end
+    on't.' To-day, when he talked of <i>Sky</i> with spirit, I said, 'Why, Sir,
+    you seemed to me to despond yesterday. You are a delicate Londoner;&mdash;you
+    are a maccaroni<a href="#note-263">[263]</a>; you can't ride.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, I shall ride
+    better than you. I was only afraid I should not find a horse able to
+    carry me.' I hoped then there would be no fear of getting through our
+    wild Tour.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We came to Aberdeen at half an hour past eleven. The New Inn, we were
+    told, was full. This was comfortless. The waiter, however, asked, if one
+    of our names was Boswell, and brought me a letter left at the inn: it
+    was from Mr. Thrale, enclosing one to Dr. Johnson<a href="#note-264">[264]</a>. Finding who I
+    was, we were told they would contrive to lodge us by putting us for a
+    night into a room with two beds. The waiter said to me in the broad
+    strong Aberdeenshire dialect, 'I thought I knew you by your likeness to
+    your father.' My father puts up at the New Inn, when on his circuit.
+    Little was said to-night. I was to sleep in a little press-bed in Dr.
+    Johnson's room. I had it wheeled out into the dining-room, and there I
+    lay very well.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_15"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SUNDAY, AUGUST 22.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    I sent a message to Professor Thomas Gordon, who came and breakfasted
+    with us. He had secured seats for us at the English chapel. We found a
+    respectable congregation, and an admirable organ, well played by
+    Mr. Tait.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We walked down to the shore: Dr. Johnson laughed to hear that Cromwell's
+    soldiers taught the Aberdeen people to make shoes and stockings, and to
+    plant cabbages<a href="#note-265">[265]</a>. He asked, if weaving the plaids[266] was ever a
+    domestick art in the Highlands, like spinning or knitting. They could
+    not inform him here. But he conjectured probably, that where people
+    lived so remote from each other, it was likely to be a domestick art; as
+    we see it was among the ancients, from Penelope. I was sensible to-day,
+    to an extraordinary degree, of Dr. Johnson's excellent English
+    pronunciation. I cannot account for its striking me more now than any
+    other day: but it was as if new to me; and I listened to every sentence
+    which he spoke, as to a musical composition. Professor Gordon gave him
+    an account of the plan of education in his college. Dr. Johnson said, it
+    was similar to that at Oxford. Waller the poet's great-grandson was
+    studying here. Dr. Johnson wondered that a man should send his son so
+    far off, when there were so many good schools in England<a href="#note-267">[267]</a>. He said,
+    'At a great school there is all the splendour and illumination of many
+    minds; the radiance of all is concentrated in each, or at least
+    reflected upon each. But we must own that neither a dull boy, nor an
+    idle boy, will do so well at a great school as at a private one. For at
+    a great school there are always boys enough to do well easily, who are
+    sufficient to keep up the credit of the school; and after whipping being
+    tried to no purpose, the dull or idle boys are left at the end of a
+    class, having the appearance of going through the course, but learning
+    nothing at all<a href="#note-268">[268]</a>. Such boys may do good at a private school, where
+    constant attention is paid to them, and they are watched. So that the
+    question of publick or private education is not properly a general one;
+    but whether one or the other is best for <i>my son</i>.'  We were told the
+    present Mr. Waller was a plain country gentleman; and his son would be
+    such another. I observed, a family could not expect a poet but in a
+    hundred generations. 'Nay, (said Dr. Johnson,) not one family in a
+    hundred can expect a poet in a hundred generations.' He then repeated
+    Dryden's celebrated lines,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Three poets in three distant ages born,' &amp;c.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    and a part of a Latin translation of it done at Oxford<a href="#note-269">[269]</a>: he did not
+    then say by whom.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He received a card from Sir Alexander Gordon, who had been his
+    acquaintance twenty years ago in London, and who, 'if forgiven for not
+    answering a line from him,' would come in the afternoon. Dr. Johnson
+    rejoiced to hear of him, and begged he would come and dine with us. I
+    was much pleased to see the kindness with which Dr. Johnson received his
+    old friend Sir Alexander<a href="#note-270">[270]</a>; a gentleman of good family, <i>Lismore</i>,
+    but who had not the estate. The King's College here made him Professor
+    of Medicine, which affords him a decent subsistence. He told us that the
+    value of the stockings exported from Aberdeen was, in peace, a hundred
+    thousand pounds; and amounted, in time of war, to one hundred and
+    seventy thousand pounds. Dr. Johnson asked, What made the difference?
+    Here we had a proof of the comparative sagacity of the two professors.
+    Sir Alexander answered, 'Because there is more occasion for them in
+    war.' Professor Thomas Gordon answered, 'Because the Germans, who are
+    our great rivals in the manufacture of stockings, are otherwise employed
+    in time of war.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, you have given a very good solution.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    At dinner, Dr. Johnson ate several plate-fulls of Scotch broth, with
+    barley and peas in it, and seemed very fond of the dish. I said, 'You
+    never ate it before.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; but I don't care how soon I eat
+    it again<a href="#note-271">[271]</a>.' My cousin, Miss Dallas, formerly of Inverness, was
+    married to Mr. Riddoch, one of the ministers of the English chapel here.
+    He was ill, and confined to his room; but she sent us a kind invitation
+    to tea, which we all accepted. She was the same lively, sensible,
+    cheerful woman as ever. Dr. Johnson here threw out some jokes against
+    Scotland. He said, 'You go first to Aberdeen; then to <i>Enbru</i> (the
+    Scottish pronunciation of Edinburgh); then to Newcastle, to be polished
+    by the colliers; then to York; then to London.' And he laid hold of a
+    little girl, Stuart Dallas, niece to Mrs. Riddoch, and, representing
+    himself as a giant, said, he would take her with him! telling her, in a
+    hollow voice, that he lived in a cave, and had a bed in the rock, and
+    she should have a little bed cut opposite to it!
+</p>
+<p>
+    He thus treated the point, as to prescription of murder in
+    Scotland<a href="#note-272">[272]</a>. 'A jury in England would make allowance for deficiencies
+    of evidence, on account of lapse of time; but a general rule that a
+    crime should not be punished, or tried for the purpose of punishment,
+    after twenty years, is bad. It is cant to talk of the King's advocate
+    delaying a prosecution from malice. How unlikely is it the King's
+    advocate should have malice against persons who commit murder, or should
+    even know them at all. If the son of the murdered man should kill the
+    murderer who got off merely by prescription, I would help him to make
+    his escape; though, were I upon his jury, I would not acquit him. I
+    would not advise him to commit such an act. On the contrary, I would bid
+    him submit to the determination of society, because a man is bound to
+    submit to the inconveniences of it, as he enjoys the good: but the
+    young man, though politically wrong, would not be morally wrong. He
+    would have to say, 'here I am amongst barbarians, who not only refuse to
+    do justice, but encourage the greatest of all crimes. I am therefore in
+    a state of nature: for, so far as there is no law, it is a state of
+    nature: and consequently, upon the eternal and immutable law of justice,
+    which requires that he who sheds man's blood should have his blood
+    shed<a href="#note-273">[273]</a>, I will stab the murderer of my father.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We went to our inn, and sat quietly. Dr. Johnson borrowed, at Mr.
+    Riddoch's, a volume of <i>Massillon's Discourses on the Psalms</i>: but I
+    found he read little in it. Ogden too he sometimes took up, and glanced
+    at; but threw it down again. I then entered upon religious conversation.
+    Never did I see him in a better frame: calm, gentle, wise, holy. I said,
+    'Would not the same objection hold against the Trinity as against
+    Transubstantiation?' 'Yes, (said he,) if you take three and one in the
+    same sense. If you do so, to be sure you cannot believe it: but the
+    three persons in the Godhead are Three in one sense, and One in another.
+    We cannot tell how; and that is the mystery!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I spoke of the satisfaction of Christ. He said his notion was, that it
+    did not atone for the sins of the world; but, by satisfying divine
+    justice, by shewing that no less than the Son of God suffered for sin,
+    it shewed to men and innumerable created beings, the heinousness of it,
+    and therefore rendered it unnecessary for divine vengeance to be
+    exercised against sinners, as it otherwise must have been; that in this
+    way it might operate even in favour of those who had never heard of it:
+    as to those who did hear of it, the effect it should produce would be
+    repentance and piety, by impressing upon the mind a just notion of sin:
+    that original sin was the propensity to evil, which no doubt was
+    occasioned by the fall. He presented this solemn subject in a new light
+    to me<a href="#note-274">[274]</a>, and rendered much more rational and clear the doctrine of
+    what our Saviour has done for us;&mdash;as it removed the notion of imputed
+    righteousness in co-operating; whereas by this view, Christ has done all
+    already that he had to do, or is ever to do for mankind, by making his
+    great satisfaction; the consequences of which will affect each
+    individual according to the particular conduct of each. I would
+    illustrate this by saying, that Christ's satisfaction resembles a sun
+    placed to shew light to men, so that it depends upon themselves whether
+    they will walk the right way or not, which they could not have done
+    without that sun, '<i>the sun of righteousness</i><a href="#note-275">[275]</a>' There is, however,
+    more in it than merely giving light&mdash;<i>a light to lighten the
+    Gentiles</i><a href="#note-276">[276]</a>: for we are told, there <i>is healing under his
+    wings</i><a href="#note-277">[277]</a>. Dr. Johnson said to me, 'Richard Baxter commends a
+    treatise by Grotius, <i>De Satisfactione Christi</i>. I have never read it:
+    but I intend to read it; and you may read it.' I remarked, upon the
+    principle now laid down, we might explain the difficult and seemingly
+    hard text, 'They that believe shall be saved; and they that believe not
+    shall be damned<a href="#note-278">[278]</a>:' They that believe shall have such an impression
+    made upon their minds, as will make them act so that they may be
+    accepted by GOD.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We talked of one of our friends<a href="#note-279">[279]</a> taking ill, for a length of time, a
+    hasty expression of Dr. Johnson's to him, on his attempting to prosecute
+    a subject that had a reference to religion, beyond the bounds within
+    which the Doctor thought such topicks should be confined in a mixed
+    company. JOHNSON. 'What is to become of society, if a friendship of
+    twenty years is to be broken off for such a cause?' As Bacon says,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Who then to frail mortality shall trust,
+      But limns the water, or but writes in dust<a href="#note-280">[280]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    I said, he should write expressly in support of Christianity; for that,
+    although a reverence for it shines through his works in several places,
+    that is not enough. 'You know, (said I,) what Grotius has done, and what
+    Addison has done<a href="#note-281">[281]</a>.&mdash;You should do also.' He replied, 'I hope
+    I shall.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_16"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    MONDAY, AUGUST 23.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Principal Campbell, Sir Alexander Gordon, Professor Gordon, and
+    Professor Ross, visited us in the morning, as did Dr. Gerard, who had
+    come six miles from the country on purpose. We went and saw the
+    Marischal College<a href="#note-282">[282]</a>, and at one o'clock we waited on the magistrates
+    in the town hall, as they had invited us in order to present Dr. Johnson
+    with the freedom of the town, which Provost Jopp did with a very good
+    grace. Dr. Johnson was much pleased with this mark of attention, and
+    received it very politely. There was a pretty numerous company
+    assembled. It was striking to hear all of them drinking 'Dr. Johnson!
+    Dr. Johnson!' in the town-hall of Aberdeen, and then to see him with
+    his burgess-ticket, or diploma<a href="#note-283">[283]</a>, in his hat, which he wore as he
+    walked along the street, according to the usual custom. It gave me great
+    satisfaction to observe the regard, and indeed fondness too, which every
+    body here had for my father.
+</p>
+<p>
+    While Sir Alexander Gordon conducted Dr. Johnson to old Aberdeen,
+    Professor Gordon and I called on Mr. Riddoch, whom I found to be a grave
+    worthy clergyman. He observed, that, whatever might be said of Dr.
+    Johnson while he was alive, he would, after he was dead, be looked upon
+    by the world with regard and astonishment, on account of his
+    <i>Dictionary</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Professor Gordon and I walked over to the Old College, which Dr. Johnson
+    had seen by this time. I stepped into the chapel, and looked at the tomb
+    of the founder, Archbishop Elphinston<a href="#note-284">[284]</a>, of whom I shall have
+    occasion to write in my <i>History of James IV. of Scotland</i>, the patron
+    of my family<a href="#note-285">[285]</a>.  We dined at Sir Alexander Gordon's. The Provost,
+    Professor Ross, Professor Dunbar, Professor Thomas Gordon, were there.
+    After dinner came in Dr. Gerard, Professor Leslie<a href="#note-286">[286]</a>, Professor
+    Macleod. We had little or no conversation in the morning; now we were
+    but barren. The professors seemed afraid to speak<a href="#note-287">[287]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Gerard told us that an eminent printer<a href="#note-288">[288]</a> was very intimate with
+    Warburton. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, he has printed some of his works, and
+    perhaps bought the property of some of them. The intimacy is such as one
+    of the professors here may have with one of the carpenters who is
+    repairing the college.' 'But, (said Gerard,) I saw a letter from him to
+    this printer, in which he says, that the one half of the clergy of the
+    church of Scotland are fanaticks, and the other half infidels.' JOHNSON.
+    'Warburton has accustomed himself to write letters just as he speaks,
+    without thinking any more of what he throws out<a href="#note-289">[289]</a>. When I read
+    Warburton first, and observed his force, and his contempt of mankind, I
+    thought he had driven the world before him; but I soon found that was
+    not the case; for Warburton, by extending his abuse, rendered it
+    ineffectual<a href="#note-290">[290]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He told me, when we were by ourselves, that he thought it very wrong in
+    the printer to shew Warburton's letter, as it was raising a body of
+    enemies against him. He thought it foolish in Warburton to write so to
+    the printer; and added, 'Sir, the worst way of being intimate, is by
+    scribbling.' He called Warburton's <i>Doctrine of Grace</i><a href="#note-291">[291]</a> a poor
+    performance, and so he said was Wesley's Answer<a href="#note-292">[292]</a>. 'Warburton, he
+    observed, had laid himself very open. In particular, he was weak enough
+    to say, that, in some disorders of the imagination, people had spoken
+    with tongues, had spoken languages which they never knew before; a thing
+    as absurd as to say, that, in some disorders of the imagination, people
+    had been known to fly.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I talked of the difference of genius, to try if I could engage Gerard in
+    a disquisition with Dr. Johnson; but I did not succeed. I mentioned, as
+    a curious fact, that Locke had written verses. JOHNSON. 'I know of none,
+    Sir, but a kind of exercise prefixed to Dr. Sydenham's Works<a href="#note-293">[293]</a>, in
+    which he has some conceits about the dropsy, in which water and burning
+    are united; and how Dr. Sydenham removed fire by drawing off water,
+    contrary to the usual practice, which is to extinguish fire by bringing
+    water upon it. I am not sure that there is a word of all this; but it is
+    such kind of talk<a href="#note-294">[294]</a>.'  We spoke of <i>Fingal</i>[295]. Dr. Johnson said
+    calmly, 'If the poems were really translated, they were certainly first
+    written down. Let Mr. Macpherson deposite the manuscript in one of the
+    colleges at Aberdeen, where there are people who can judge; and, if the
+    professors certify the authenticity, then there will be an end of the
+    controversy. If he does not take this obvious and easy method, he gives
+    the best reason to doubt; considering too, how much is against it
+    <i>à priori'</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We sauntered after dinner in Sir Alexander's garden, and saw his little
+    grotto, which is hung with pieces of poetry written in a fair hand. It
+    was agreeable to observe the contentment and kindness of this quiet,
+    benevolent man. Professor Macleod was brother to Macleod of Talisker,
+    and brother-in-law to the Laird of Col. He gave me a letter to young
+    Col. I was weary of this day, and began to think wishfully of being
+    again in motion. I was uneasy to think myself too fastidious, whilst I
+    fancied Dr. Johnson quite satisfied. But he owned to me that he was
+    fatigued and teased by Sir Alexander's doing too much to entertain him.
+    I said, it was all kindness. JOHNSON. 'True, Sir; but sensation is
+    sensation.' BOSWELL. 'It is so: we feel pain equally from the surgeon's
+    probe, as from the sword of the foe.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We visited two booksellers' shops, and could not find Arthur Johnston's
+    Poems'<a href="#note-296">[296]</a>. We went and sat near an hour at Mr. Riddoch's. He could
+    not tell distinctly how much education at the college here costs<a href="#note-297">[297]</a>,
+    which disgusted Dr. Johnson. I had pledged myself that we should go to
+    the inn, and not stay supper. They pressed us, but he was resolute. I
+    saw Mr. Riddoch did not please him. He said to me, afterwards, 'Sir, he
+    has no vigour in his talk.' But my friend should have considered that he
+    himself was not in good humour; so that it was not easy to talk to his
+    satisfaction. We sat contentedly at our inn. He then became merry, and
+    observed how little we had either heard or said at Aberdeen: that the
+    Aberdonians had not started a single <i>mawkin</i> (the Scottish word for
+    hare) for us to pursue<a href="#note-298">[298]</a>.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_17"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    TUESDAY, AUGUST 24.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    We set out about eight in the morning, and breakfasted at Ellon. The
+    landlady said to me, 'Is not this the great Doctor that is going about
+    through the country?' I said, 'Yes.' 'Ay, (said she) we heard of him. I
+    made an errand into the room on purpose to see him. There's something
+    great in his appearance: it is a pleasure to have such a man in one's
+    house; a man who does so much good. If I had thought of it, I would have
+    shewn him a child of mine, who has had a lump on his throat for some
+    time.' 'But, (said I,) he is not a doctor of physick.' 'Is he an
+    oculist?' said the landlord. 'No, (said I,) he is only a very learned
+    man.' LANDLORD. 'They say he is the greatest man in England, except Lord
+    Mansfield<a href="#note-299">[299]</a>.' Dr. Johnson was highly entertained with this, and I do
+    think he was pleased too. He said, 'I like the exception: to have called
+    me the greatest man in England, would have been an unmeaning compliment:
+    but the exception marked that the praise was in earnest: and, in
+    <i>Scotland</i>, the exception must be <i>Lord Mansfield</i>, or&mdash;<i>Sir John
+    Pringle</i><a href="#note-300">[300]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He told me a good story of Dr. Goldsmith. Graham, who wrote <i>Telemachus,
+    a Masque</i><a href="#note-301">[301]</a>, was sitting one night with him and Dr. Johnson, and was
+    half drunk. He rattled away to Dr. Johnson: 'You are a clever fellow, to
+    be sure; but you cannot write an essay like Addison, or verses like the
+    RAPE OF THE LOCK.' At last he said<a href="#note-302">[302]</a>, '<i>Doctor</i>, I should be happy to
+    see you at Eaton<a href="#note-303">[303]</a>.' 'I shall be glad to wait on you,' answered
+    Goldsmith. 'No, (said Graham,) 'tis not you I mean, Dr. <i>Minor</i>; 'tis
+    Doctor <i>Major</i>, there.' Goldsmith was excessively hurt by this. He
+    afterwards spoke of it himself. 'Graham, (said he,) is a fellow to make
+    one commit suicide.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We had received a polite invitation to Slains castle. We arrived there
+    just at three o'clock, as the bell for dinner was ringing. Though, from
+    its being just on the North-east Ocean, no trees will grow here, Lord
+    Errol has done all that can be done. He has cultivated his fields so as
+    to bear rich crops of every kind, and he has made an excellent
+    kitchen-garden, with a hot-house. I had never seen any of the family:
+    but there had been a card of invitation written by the honourable
+    Charles Boyd, the earl's brother<a href="#note-304">[304]</a>. We were conducted into the
+    house, and at the dining-room door were met by that gentleman, whom both
+    of us at first took to be Lord Errol; but he soon corrected our mistake.
+    My Lord was gone to dine in the neighbourhood, at an entertainment given
+    by Mr. Irvine of Drum. Lady Errol received us politely, and was very
+    attentive to us during the time of dinner. There was nobody at table but
+    her ladyship, Mr. Boyd, and some of the children, their governour and
+    governess. Mr. Boyd put Dr. Johnson in mind of having dined with him at
+    Cumming the Quaker's<a href="#note-305">[305]</a>, along with a Mr. Hall and Miss Williams[306]:
+    this was a bond of connection between them. For me, Mr. Boyd's
+    acquaintance with my father was enough. After dinner, Lady Errol
+    favoured us with a sight of her young family, whom she made stand up in
+    a row. There were six daughters and two sons. It was a very
+    pleasing sight.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson proposed our setting out. Mr. Boyd said, he hoped we would
+    stay all night; his brother would be at home in the evening, and would
+    be very sorry if he missed us. Mr. Boyd was called out of the room. I
+    was very desirous to stay in so comfortable a house, and I wished to
+    see Lord Errol. Dr Johnson, however, was right in resolving to go, if we
+    were not asked again, as it is best to err on the safe side in such
+    cases, and to be sure that one is quite welcome. To my great joy, when
+    Mr. Boyd returned, he told Dr. Johnson that it was Lady Errol who had
+    called him out, and said that she would never let Dr. Johnson into the
+    house again, if he went away that night; and that she had ordered the
+    coach, to carry us to view a great curiosity on the coast, after which
+    we should see the house. We cheerfully agreed.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Boyd was engaged, in 1745-6, on the same side with many unfortunate
+    mistaken noblemen and gentlemen. He escaped, and lay concealed for a
+    year in the island of Arran, the ancient territory of the Boyds. He then
+    went to France, and was about twenty years on the continent. He married
+    a French Lady, and now lived very comfortably at Aberdeen, and was much
+    at Slains castle. He entertained us with great civility. He had a
+    pompousness or formal plenitude in his conversation, which I did not
+    dislike. Dr. Johnson said, 'there was too much elaboration in his talk.'
+    It gave me pleasure to see him, a steady branch of the family, setting
+    forth all its advantages with much zeal. He told us that Lady Errol was
+    one of the most pious and sensible women in the island; had a good head,
+    and as good a heart. He said, she did not use force or fear in educating
+    her children. JOHNSON. 'Sir, she is wrong<a href="#note-307">[307]</a>; I would rather have the
+    rod to be the general terror to all, to make them learn, than tell a
+    child if you do thus or thus, you will be more esteemed than your
+    brothers or sisters. The rod produces an effect which terminates in
+    itself. A child is afraid of being whipped, and gets his task, and
+    there's an end on't; whereas, by exciting emulation, and comparisons of
+    superiority, you lay the foundation of lasting mischief; you make
+    brothers and sisters hate each other.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    During Mr. Boyd's stay in Arran, he had found a chest of medical books,
+    left by a surgeon there, and had read them till he acquired some skill
+    in physick, in consequence of which he is often consulted by the poor.
+    There were several here waiting for him as patients. We walked round the
+    house till stopped by a cut made by the influx of the sea. The house is
+    built quite upon the shore; the windows look upon the main ocean, and
+    the King of Denmark is Lord Errol's nearest neighbour on the
+    north-east<a href="#note-308">[308]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We got immediately into the coach, and drove to <i>Dunbui</i>, a rock near
+    the shore, quite covered with sea-fowls; then to a circular bason of
+    large extent, surrounded with tremendous rocks. On the quarter next the
+    sea, there is a high arch in the rock, which the force of the tempest
+    has driven out. This place is called <i>Buchan's Buller</i>, or the <i>Buller
+    of Buchan</i>, and the country people call it the <i>Pot</i>. Mr. Boyd said it
+    was so called from the French <i>Bouloir</i>. It may be more simply traced
+    from <i>Boiler</i> in our own language. We walked round this monstrous
+    cauldron. In some places, the rock is very narrow; and on each side
+    there is a sea deep enough for a man of war to ride in; so that it is
+    somewhat horrid to move along. However, there is earth and grass upon
+    the rock, and a kind of road marked out by the print of feet; so that
+    one makes it out pretty safely: yet it alarmed me to see Dr. Johnson
+    striding irregularly along. He insisted on taking a boat, and sailing
+    into the Pot. We did so. He was stout, and wonderfully alert. The
+    Buchan-men all shewing their teeth, and speaking with that strange sharp
+    accent which distinguishes them, was to me a matter of curiosity. He was
+    not sensible of the difference of pronunciation in the South and North
+    of Scotland, which I wondered at.
+</p>
+<p>
+    As the entry into the <i>Buller</i> is so narrow that oars cannot be used as
+    you go in, the method taken is, to row very hard when you come near it,
+    and give the boat such a rapidity of motion that it glides in. Dr.
+    Johnson observed what an effect this scene would have had, were we
+    entering into an unknown place. There are caves of considerable depth; I
+    think, one on each side. The boatmen had never entered either of them
+    far enough to know the size. Mr. Boyd told us that it is customary for
+    the company at Peterhead well, to make parties, and come and dine in one
+    of the caves here.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He told us, that, as Slains is at a considerable distance from Aberdeen,
+    Lord Errol, who has a very large family, resolved to have a surgeon of
+    his own. With this view he educated one of his tenant's sons, who is now
+    settled in a very neat house and farm just by, which we saw from the
+    road. By the salary which the earl allows him, and the practice which he
+    has had, he is in very easy circumstances. He had kept an exact account
+    of all that had been laid out on his education, and he came to his
+    lordship one day, and told him that he had arrived at a much higher
+    situation than ever he expected; that he was now able to repay what his
+    lordship had advanced, and begged he would accept of it. The earl was
+    pleased with the generous gratitude and genteel offer of the man; but
+    refused it. Mr. Boyd also told us, Cumming the Quaker first began to
+    distinguish himself by writing against Dr. Leechman on Prayer<a href="#note-309">[309]</a>, to
+    prove it unnecessary, as GOD knows best what should be, and will order
+    it without our asking:&mdash;the old hackneyed objection.
+</p>
+<p>
+    When we returned to the house we found coffee and tea in the
+    drawing-room. Lady Errol was not there, being, as I supposed, engaged
+    with her young family. There is a bow-window fronting the sea. Dr.
+    Johnson repeated the ode, <i>Jam satis terris</i><a href="#note-310">[310]</a>, while Mr. Boyd was
+    with his patients. He spoke well in favour of entails<a href="#note-311">[311]</a>, to preserve
+    lines of men whom mankind are accustomed to reverence. His opinion was
+    that so much land should be entailed as that families should never fall
+    into contempt, and as much left free as to give them all the advantages
+    of property in case of any emergency. 'If (said he,) the nobility are
+    suffered to sink into indigence<a href="#note-312">[312]</a>, they of course become corrupt;
+    they are ready to do whatever the king chooses; therefore it is fit they
+    should be kept from becoming poor, unless it is fixed that when they
+    fall below a certain standard of wealth they shall lose their
+    peerages<a href="#note-313">[313]</a>. We know the House of Peers have made noble stands, when
+    the House of Commons durst not. The two last years of parliament they
+    dare not contradict the populace<a href="#note-314">[314]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    This room is ornamented with a number of fine prints, and with a whole
+    length picture of Lord Errol, by Sir Joshua Reynolds. This led Dr.
+    Johnson and me to talk of our amiable and elegant friend, whose
+    panegyrick he concluded by saying, 'Sir Joshua Reynolds, Sir, is the
+    most invulnerable man I know; the man with whom if you should quarrel,
+    you would find the most difficulty how to abuse<a href="#note-315">[315]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson observed, the situation here was the noblest he had ever
+    seen,&mdash;better than Mount Edgecumbe, reckoned the first in England;
+    because, at Mount Edgecumbe<a href="#note-316">[316]</a>, the sea is bounded by land on the
+    other side, and though there is there the grandeur of a fleet, there is
+    also the impression of there being a dock-yard, the circumstances of
+    which are not agreeable. At Slains is an excellent old house. The noble
+    owner has built of brick, along the square in the inside, a gallery,
+    both on the first and second story, the house being no higher; so that
+    he has always a dry walk, and the rooms, to which formerly there was no
+    approach but through each other, have now all separate entries from the
+    gallery, which is hung with Hogarth's works, and other prints. We went
+    and sat a while in the library. There is a valuable numerous
+    collection. It was chiefly made by Mr. Falconer, husband to the late
+    Countess of Errol in her own right. This earl has added a good many
+    modern books.
+</p>
+<p>
+    About nine the Earl came home. Captain Gordon of Park was with him. His
+    Lordship put Dr. Johnson in mind of their having dined together in
+    London, along with Mr. Beauclerk. I was exceedingly pleased with Lord
+    Errol. His dignified person and agreeable countenance, with the most
+    unaffected affability, give me high satisfaction. From perhaps a
+    weakness, or, as I rather hope, more fancy and warmth of feeling than is
+    quite reasonable, my mind is ever impressed with admiration for persons
+    of high birth, and I could, with the most perfect honesty, expatiate on
+    Lord Errol's good qualities; but he stands in no need of my praise. His
+    agreeable manners and softness of address prevented that constraint
+    which the idea of his being Lord High Constable of Scotland<a href="#note-317">[317]</a> might
+    otherwise have occasioned. He talked very easily and sensibly with his
+    learned guest. I observed that Dr. Johnson, though he shewed that
+    respect to his lordship, which, from principle, he always does to high
+    rank, yet, when they came to argument, maintained that manliness which
+    becomes the force and vigour of his understanding. To shew external
+    deference to our superiors, is proper: to seem to yield to them in
+    opinion, is meanness<a href="#note-318">[318]</a>. The earl said grace, both before and after
+    supper, with much decency. He told us a story of a man who was executed
+    at Perth, some years ago, for murdering a woman who was with child by
+    him, and a former child he had by her. His hand was cut off: he was then
+    pulled up; but the rope broke, and he was forced to lie an hour on the
+    ground, till another rope was brought from Perth, the execution being in
+    a wood at some distance,&mdash;at the place where the murders were committed.
+    <i>'There</i>,(said my lord,) <i>I see the hand of Providence</i>.' I was really
+    happy here. I saw in this nobleman the best dispositions and best
+    principles; and I saw him, <i>in my mind's eye</i><a href="#note-319">[319]</a>, to be the
+    representative of the ancient Boyds of Kilmarnock. I was afraid he might
+    have urged drinking, as, I believe, he used formerly to do; but he drank
+    port and water out of a large glass himself, and let us do as we
+    pleased<a href="#note-320">[320]</a>. He went with us to our rooms at night; said, he took the
+    visit very kindly; and told me, my father and he were very old
+    acquaintance;&mdash;that I now knew the way to Slains, and he hoped to see me
+    there again.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I had a most elegant room; but there was a fire in it which blazed; and
+    the sea, to which my windows looked, roared; and the pillows were made
+    of the feathers of some sea-fowl, which had to me a disagreeable smell;
+    so that, by all these causes, I was kept awake a good while. I saw, in
+    imagination, Lord Errol's father, Lord Kilmarnock<a href="#note-321">[321]</a> (who was beheaded
+    on Tower-hill in 1746), and I was somewhat dreary. But the thought did
+    not last long, and I fell asleep.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_18"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 25.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    We got up between seven and eight, and found Mr. Boyd in the
+    dining-room, with tea and coffee before him, to give us breakfast. We
+    were in an admirable humour. Lady Errol had given each of us a copy of
+    an ode by Beattie, on the birth of her son, Lord Hay. Mr. Boyd asked Dr.
+    Johnson how he liked it. Dr. Johnson, who did not admire it, got off
+    very well, by taking it out, and reading the second and third stanzas of
+    it with much melody. This, without his saying a word, pleased Mr. Boyd.
+    He observed, however, to Dr. Johnson, that the expression as to the
+    family of Errol,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'A thousand years have seen it shine,'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    compared with what went before, was an anticlimax, and that it would
+    have been better
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Ages have seen,' &amp;c.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson said, 'So great a number as a thousand is better. <i>Dolus
+    latet in universalibus</i>. Ages might be only two ages.' He talked of the
+    advantage of keeping up the connections of relationship, which produce
+    much kindness. 'Every man (said he,) who comes into the world, has need
+    of friends. If he has to get them for himself, half his life is spent
+    before his merit is known. Relations are a man's ready friends who
+    support him. When a man is in real distress, he flies into the arms of
+    his relations. An old lawyer, who had much experience in making wills,
+    told me, that after people had deliberated long, and thought of many for
+    their executors, they settled at last by fixing on their relations. This
+    shews the universality of the principle.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I regretted the decay of respect for men of family, and that a Nabob now
+    would carry an election from them. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, the Nabob will
+    carry it by means of his wealth, in a country where money is highly
+    valued, as it must be where nothing can be had without money; but, if it
+    comes to personal preference, the man of family will always carry
+    it<a href="#note-322">[322]</a>. There is generally a <i>scoundrelism</i> about a low man[323].' Mr.
+    Boyd said, that was a good <i>ism</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I said, I believed mankind were happier in the ancient feudal state<a href="#note-324">[324]</a>
+    of subordination, than they are in the modern state of independency.
+    JOHNSON. 'To be sure, the <i>Chief</i> was: but we must think of the number
+    of individuals. That <i>they</i> were less happy, seems plain; for that state
+    from which all escape as soon as they can, and to which none return
+    after they have left it, must be less happy; and this is the case with
+    the state of dependance on a chief or great man.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I mentioned the happiness of the French in their subordination, by the
+    reciprocal benevolence and attachment between the great and those in
+    lower rank<a href="#note-325">[325]</a>. Mr. Boyd gave us an instance of their gentlemanly
+    spirit. An old Chevalier de Malthe, of ancient <i>noblesse</i>, but in low
+    circumstances, was in a coffee-house at Paris, where was Julien, the
+    great manufacturer at the Gobelins, of the fine tapestry, so much
+    distinguished both for the figures and the <i>colours</i>. The chevalier's
+    carriage was very old. Says Julien, with a plebeian insolence, 'I think,
+    Sir, you had better have your carriage new painted.' The chevalier
+    looked at him with indignant contempt, and answered, 'Well, Sir, you may
+    take it home and <i>dye</i> it!' All the coffee-house rejoiced at Julien's
+    confusion.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We set out about nine. Dr. Johnson was curious to see one of those
+    structures which northern antiquarians call a Druid's temple. I had a
+    recollection of one at Strichen; which I had seen fifteen years ago; so
+    we went four miles out of our road, after passing Old Deer, and went
+    thither. Mr. Fraser, the proprietor, was at home, and shewed it to us.
+    But I had augmented it in my mind; for all that remains is two stones
+    set up on end, with a long one laid upon them, as was usual, and one
+    stone at a little distance from them. That stone was the capital one of
+    the circle which surrounded what now remains. Mr. Fraser was very
+    hospitable<a href="#note-326">[326]</a>. There was a fair at Strichen; and he had several of his
+    neighbours from it at dinner. One of them, Dr. Fraser, who had been in
+    the army, remembered to have seen Dr. Johnson at a lecture on
+    experimental philosophy, at Lichfield. The doctor recollected being at
+    the lecture; and he was surprised to find here somebody who knew him.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Fraser sent a servant to conduct us by a short passage into the
+    high-road. I observed to Dr. Johnson, that I had a most disagreeable
+    notion of the life of country gentlemen; that I left Mr. Fraser just
+    now, as one leaves a prisoner in a jail. Dr. Johnson said, that I was
+    right in thinking them unhappy; for that they had not enough to keep
+    their minds in motion<a href="#note-327">[327]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I started a thought this afternoon which amused us a great part of the
+    way. 'If, (said I,) our club should come and set up in St. Andrews, as a
+    college, to teach all that each of us can, in the several departments of
+    learning and taste, we should rebuild the city: we should draw a
+    wonderful concourse of students.' Dr. Johnson entered fully into the
+    spirit of this project. We immediately fell to distributing the offices.
+    I was to teach Civil and Scotch law<a href="#note-328">[328]</a>; Burke, politicks and
+    eloquence; Garrick, the art of publick speaking; Langton was to be our
+    Grecian<a href="#note-329">[329]</a>, Colman our Latin professor[330]; Nugent to teach
+    physick<a href="#note-331">[331]</a>; Lord Charlemont, modern history[332]; Beauclerk, natural
+    philosophy<a href="#note-333">[333]</a>; Vesey, Irish antiquities, or Celtick learning[334];
+    Jones, Oriental learning<a href="#note-335">[335]</a>; Goldsmith, poetry and ancient history;
+    Chamier, commercial politicks<a href="#note-336">[336]</a>; Reynolds, painting, and the arts
+    which have beauty for their object; Chambers, the law of England<a href="#note-337">[337]</a>.
+    Dr. Johnson at first said, 'I'll trust theology to nobody but myself.'
+    But, upon due consideration, that Percy is a clergyman, it was agreed
+    that Percy should teach practical divinity and British antiquities; Dr.
+    Johnson himself, logick, metaphysicks<a href="#note-338">[338]</a>, and scholastick divinity. In
+    this manner did we amuse ourselves;&mdash;each suggesting, and each varying
+    or adding, till the whole was adjusted. Dr. Johnson said, we only wanted
+    a mathematician since Dyer<a href="#note-339">[339]</a> died, who was a very good one; but as to
+    every thing else, we should have a very capital university<a href="#note-340">[340]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We got at night to Banff. I sent Joseph on to Duff-house; but Earl Fife
+    was not at home, which I regretted much, as we should have had a very
+    elegant reception from his lordship. We found here but an indifferent
+    inn<a href="#note-341">[341]</a>. Dr. Johnson wrote a long letter to Mrs. Thrale. I wondered to
+    see him write so much so easily. He verified his own doctrine that 'a
+    man may always write when he will set himself <i>doggedly</i> to it<a href="#note-342">[342]</a>.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_19"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THURSDAY, AUGUST 26.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    We got a fresh chaise here, a very good one, and very good horses. We
+    breakfasted at Cullen. They set down dried haddocks broiled, along with
+    our tea. I ate one; but Dr. Johnson was disgusted by the sight of them,
+    so they were removed<a href="#note-343">[343]</a>. Cullen has a comfortable appearance, though
+    but a very small town, and the houses mostly poor buildings.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I called on Mr. Robertson, who has the charge of Lord Findlater's
+    affairs, and was formerly Lord Monboddo's clerk, was three times in
+    France with him, and translated Condamine's <i>Account of the Savage
+    Girl</i>, to which his lordship wrote a preface, containing several remarks
+    of his own. Robertson said, he did not believe so much as his lordship
+    did; that it was plain to him, the girl confounded what she imagined
+    with what she remembered: that, besides, she perceived Condamine and
+    Lord Monboddo forming theories, and she adapted her story to them.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson said, 'It is a pity to see Lord Monboddo publish such
+    notions as he has done; a man of sense, and of so much elegant learning.
+    There would be little in a fool doing it; we should only laugh; but when
+    a wise man does it, we are sorry. Other people have strange notions; but
+    they conceal them. If they have tails, they hide them; but Monboddo is
+    as jealous of his tail as a squirrel.' I shall here put down some more
+    remarks of Dr. Johnson's on Lord Monboddo, which were not made exactly
+    at this time, but come in well from connection. He said, he did not
+    approve of a judge's calling himself <i>Farmer</i> Burnett<a href="#note-344">[344]</a>, and going
+    about with a little round hat<a href="#note-345">[345]</a>. He laughed heartily at his
+    lordship's saying he was an <i>enthusiastical</i> farmer; 'for, (said he,)
+    what can he do in farming by his <i>enthusiasm</i>?' Here, however, I think
+    Dr. Johnson mistaken. He who wishes to be successful, or happy, ought to
+    be enthusiastical, that is to say, very keen in all the occupations or
+    diversions of life. An ordinary gentleman-farmer will be satisfied with
+    looking at his fields once or twice a day: an enthusiastical farmer will
+    be constantly employed on them; will have his mind earnestly engaged;
+    will talk perpetually, of them. But Dr. Johnson has much of the <i>nil
+    admirari</i><a href="#note-346">[346]</a> in smaller concerns. That survey of life which gave birth
+    to his <i>Vanity of Human Wishes</i> early sobered his mind. Besides, so
+    great a mind as his cannot be moved by inferior objects: an elephant
+    does not run and skip like lesser animals.  Mr. Robertson sent a
+    servant with us, to shew us through Lord Findlater's wood, by which our
+    way was shortened, and we saw some part of his domain, which is indeed
+    admirably laid out. Dr. Johnson did not choose to walk through it. He
+    always said, that he was not come to Scotland to see fine places, of
+    which there were enough in England; but wild objects,&mdash;mountains,
+    &mdash;waterfalls,&mdash;peculiar manners; in short, things which he had not seen
+    before. I have a notion that he at no time has had much taste for rural
+    beauties. I have myself very little<a href="#note-347">[347]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson said, there was nothing more contemptible than a country
+    gentleman living beyond his income, and every year growing poorer and
+    poorer<a href="#note-348">[348]</a>. He spoke strongly of the influence which a man has by being
+    rich. 'A man, (said he,) who keeps his money, has in reality more use
+    from it, than he can have by spending it.' I observed that this looked
+    very like a paradox; but he explained it thus: 'If it were certain that
+    a man would keep his money locked up for ever, to be sure he would have
+    no influence; but, as so many want money, and he has the power of giving
+    it, and they know not but by gaining his favour they may obtain it, the
+    rich man will always have the greatest influence. He again who lavishes
+    his money, is laughed at as foolish, and in a great degree with justice,
+    considering how much is spent from vanity. Even those who partake of a
+    man's hospitality, have but a transient kindness for him. If he has not
+    the command of money, people know he cannot help them, if he would;
+    whereas the rich man always can, if he will, and for the chance of that,
+    will have much weight.' BOSWELL. 'But philosophers and satirists have
+    all treated a miser as contemptible.' JOHNSON. 'He is so
+    philosophically; but not in the practice of life<a href="#note-349">[349]</a>.' BOSWELL. 'Let me
+    see now:&mdash;I do not know the instances of misers in England, so as to
+    examine into their influence.' JOHNSON. 'We have had few misers in
+    England.' BOSWELL. 'There was Lowther<a href="#note-350">[350]</a>.' JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir,
+    Lowther, by keeping his money, had the command of the county, which the
+    family has now lost, by spending it<a href="#note-351">[351]</a>; I take it he lent a great
+    deal; and that is the way to have influence, and yet preserve one's
+    wealth. A man may lend his money upon very good security, and yet have
+    his debtor much under his power.' BOSWELL. 'No doubt, Sir. He can always
+    distress him for the money; as no man borrows, who is able to pay on
+    demand quite conveniently.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We dined at Elgin, and saw the noble ruins of the cathedral. Though it
+    rained much, Dr. Johnson examined them with a most patient attention.
+    He could not here feel any abhorrence at the Scottish reformers<a href="#note-352">[352]</a>,
+    for he had been told by Lord Hailes, that it was destroyed before the
+    Reformation, by the Lord of Badenoch<a href="#note-353">[353]</a>, who had a quarrel with the
+    bishop. The bishop's house, and those of the other clergy, which are
+    still pretty entire, do not seem to have been proportioned to the
+    magnificence of the cathedral, which has been of great extent, and had
+    very fine carved work. The ground within the walls of the cathedral is
+    employed as a burying-place. The family of Gordon have their vault here;
+    but it has nothing grand.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We passed Gordon Castle<a href="#note-354">[354]</a> this forenoon, which has a princely
+    appearance. Fochabers, the neighbouring village, is a poor place, many
+    of the houses being ruinous; but it is remarkable, they have in general
+    orchards well stored with apple-trees<a href="#note-355">[355]</a>. Elgin has what in England
+    are called piazzas, that run in many places on each side of the street.
+    It must have been a much better place formerly. Probably it had piazzas
+    all along the town, as I have seen at Bologna. I approved much of such
+    structures in a town, on account of their conveniency in wet weather.
+    Dr. Johnson disapproved of them, 'because (said he) it makes the under
+    story of a house very dark, which greatly over-balances the conveniency,
+    when it is considered how small a part of the year it rains; how few are
+    usually in the street at such times; that many who are might as well be
+    at home; and the little that people suffer, supposing them to be as much
+    wet as they commonly are in walking a street.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We fared but ill at our inn here; and Dr. Johnson said, this was the
+    first time he had seen a dinner in Scotland that he could not eat<a href="#note-356">[356]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the afternoon, we drove over the very heath where Macbeth met the
+    witches, according to tradition<a href="#note-357">[357]</a>. Dr. Johnson again[358] solemnly
+    repeated&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'How far is't called to Fores? What are these,
+      So wither'd, and so wild in their attire?
+      That look not like the inhabitants o' the earth,
+      And yet are on't?'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    He repeated a good deal more of Macbeth. His recitation<a href="#note-359">[359]</a> was grand
+    and affecting, and as Sir Joshua Reynolds has observed to me, had no
+    more tone than it should have: it was the better for it. He then
+    parodied the <i>All-hail</i> of the witches to Macbeth, addressing himself to
+    me. I had purchased some land called <i>Dalblair</i>; and, as in Scotland it
+    is customary to distinguish landed men by the name of their estates, I
+    had thus two titles, <i>Dalblair</i> and Young <i>Auchinleck</i>. So my friend, in
+    imitation of
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'All hail, Macbeth! hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor!'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    condescended to amuse himself with uttering
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'All hail, Dalblair! hail to thee, Laird of Auchinleck<a href="#note-360">[360]</a>!'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    We got to Fores<a href="#note-361">[361]</a> at night, and found an admirable inn, in which Dr.
+    Johnson was pleased to meet with a landlord who styled himself
+    'Wine-Cooper, from LONDON.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_20"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    FRIDAY, AUGUST 27.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    It was dark when we came to Fores last night; so we did not see what is
+    called King Duncan's monument<a href="#note-362">[362]</a>. I shall now mark some gleanings of
+    Dr. Johnson's conversation. I spoke of <i>Leonidas</i><a href="#note-363">[363]</a>, and said there
+    were some good passages in it. JOHNSON. 'Why, you must <i>seek</i> for them.'
+    He said, Paul Whitehead's <i>Manners</i><a href="#note-364">[364]</a> was a poor performance.
+    Speaking of Derrick, he told me 'he had a kindness for him, and had
+    often said, that if his letters had been written by one of a more
+    established name, they would have been thought very pretty
+    letters<a href="#note-365">[365]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    This morning I introduced the subject of the origin of evil<a href="#note-366">[366]</a>.
+    JOHNSON. 'Moral evil is occasioned by free will, which implies choice
+    between good and evil. With all the evil that there is, there is no man
+    but would rather be a free agent, than a mere machine without the evil;
+    and what is best for each individual, must be best for the whole. If a
+    man would rather be the machine, I cannot argue with him. He is a
+    different being from me.' BOSWELL. 'A man, as a machine, may have
+    agreeable sensations; for instance, he may have pleasure in musick.'
+    JOHNSON. 'No, Sir, he cannot have pleasure in musick; at least no power
+    of producing musick; for he who can produce musick may let it alone: he
+    who can play upon a fiddle may break it: such a man is not a machine.'
+    This reasoning satisfied me. It is certain, there cannot be a free
+    agent, unless there is the power of being evil as well as good. We must
+    take the inherent possibilities of things into consideration, in our
+    reasonings or conjectures concerning the works of GOD.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We came to Nairn to breakfast. Though a county town and a royal burgh,
+    it is a miserable place. Over the room where we sat, a girl was spinning
+    wool with a great wheel, and singing an Erse song<a href="#note-367">[367]</a>: 'I'll warrant
+    you, (said Dr. Johnson.) one of the songs of Ossian.' He then repeated
+    these lines:&mdash;-
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Verse sweetens toil, however rude the sound.
+        All at her work the village maiden sings;
+      Nor while she turns the giddy wheel around,
+        Revolves the sad vicissitude of things<a href="#note-368">[368]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    I thought I had heard these lines before. JOHNSON. 'I fancy not, Sir;
+    for they are in a detached poem, the name of which I do not remember,
+    written by one Giffard, a parson.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I expected Mr. Kenneth M'Aulay<a href="#note-369">[369]</a>, the minister of Calder, who
+    published the history of St. Kilda<a href="#note-370">[370]</a>, a book which Dr. Johnson liked,
+    would have met us here, as I had written to him from Aberdeen. But I
+    received a letter from him, telling me that he could not leave home, as
+    he was to administer the sacrament the following Sunday, and earnestly
+    requesting to see us at his manse. 'We'll go,' said Dr. Johnson; which
+    we accordingly did. Mrs. M'Aulay received us, and told us her husband
+    was in the church distributing tokens<a href="#note-371">[371]</a>. We arrived between twelve
+    and one o'clock, and it was near three before he came to us.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson thanked him for his book, and said 'it was a very pretty
+    piece of topography.' M'Aulay did not seem much to mind the compliment.
+    From his conversation, Dr. Johnson was persuaded that he had not written
+    the book which goes under his name. I myself always suspected so; and I
+    have been told it was written by the learned Dr. John M'Pherson of
+    Sky<a href="#note-372">[372]</a>, from the materials collected by M'Aulay. Dr. Johnson said
+    privately to me, 'There is a combination in it of which M'Aulay is not
+    capable<a href="#note-373">[373]</a>.' However, he was exceedingly hospitable; and, as he
+    obligingly promised us a route for our Tour through the Western Isles,
+    we agreed to stay with him all night.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After dinner, we walked to the old castle of Calder (pronounced Cawder),
+    the Thane of Cawdor's seat. I was sorry that my friend, this 'prosperous
+    gentleman<a href="#note-374">[374]</a>,' was not there. The old tower must be of great
+    antiquity<a href="#note-375">[375]</a>. There is a draw-bridge&mdash;what has been a moat,&mdash;and an
+    ancient court. There is a hawthorn-tree, which rises like a wooden
+    pillar through the rooms of the castle; for, by a strange conceit, the
+    walls have been built round it. The thickness of the walls, the small
+    slaunting windows, and a great iron door at the entrance on the second
+    story as you ascend the stairs, all indicate the rude times in which
+    this castle was erected. There were here some large venerable trees.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I was afraid of a quarrel between Dr. Johnson and Mr. M'Aulay, who
+    talked slightingly of the lower English clergy. The Doctor gave him a
+    frowning look, and said, 'This is a day of novelties; I have seen old
+    trees in Scotland, and I have heard the English clergy treated with
+    disrespect<a href="#note-376">[376]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I dreaded that a whole evening at Calder manse would be heavy; however,
+    Mr. Grant, an intelligent and well-bred minister in the neighbourhood,
+    was there, and assisted us by his conversation. Dr. Johnson, talking of
+    hereditary occupations in the Highlands, said, 'There is no harm in such
+    a custom as this; but it is wrong to enforce it, and oblige a man to be
+    a taylor or a smith, because his father has been one.' This custom,
+    however, is not peculiar to our Highlands; it is well known that in
+    India a similar practice prevails.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. M'Aulay began a rhapsody against creeds and confessions. Dr. Johnson
+    shewed, that 'what he called <i>imposition</i>, was only a voluntary
+    declaration of agreement in certain articles of faith, which a church
+    has a right to require, just as any other society can insist on certain
+    rules being observed by its members. Nobody is compelled to be of the
+    church, as nobody is compelled to enter into a society.' This was a very
+    clear and just view of the subject: but, M'Aulay could not be driven out
+    of his track. Dr. Johnson said, 'Sir, you are a <i>bigot to laxness</i>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. M'Aulay and I laid the map of Scotland before us; and he pointed out
+    a route for us from Inverness, by Fort Augustus, to Glenelg, Sky, Mull,
+    Icolmkill, Lorn, and Inverary, which I wrote down. As my father was to
+    begin the northern circuit about the 18th of September, it was necessary
+    for us either to make our tour with great expedition, so as to get to
+    Auchinleck before he set out, or to protract it, so as not to be there
+    till his return, which would be about the 10th of October. By M'Aulay's
+    calculation, we were not to land in Lorn till the 2Oth of September. I
+    thought that the interruptions by bad days, or by occasional
+    excursions, might make it ten days later; and I thought too, that we
+    might perhaps go to Benbecula, and visit Clanranald, which would take a
+    week of itself.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson went up with Mr. Grant to the library, which consisted of a
+    tolerable collection; but the Doctor thought it rather a lady's library,
+    with some Latin books in it by chance, than the library of a clergyman.
+    It had only two of the Latin fathers, and one of the Greek fathers in
+    Latin. I doubted whether Dr. Johnson would be present at a Presbyterian
+    prayer. I told Mr. M'Aulay so, and said that the Doctor might sit in the
+    library while we were at family worship. Mr. M'Aulay said, he would omit
+    it, rather than give Dr. Johnson offence: but I would by no means agree
+    that an excess of politeness, even to so great a man, should prevent
+    what I esteem as one of the best pious regulations. I know nothing more
+    beneficial, more comfortable, more agreeable, than that the little
+    societies of each family should regularly assemble, and unite in praise
+    and prayer to our heavenly Father, from whom we daily receive so much
+    good, and may hope for more in a higher state of existence. I mentioned
+    to Dr. Johnson the over-delicate scrupulosity of our host. He said, he
+    had no objection to hear the prayer. This was a pleasing surprise to me;
+    for he refused to go and hear Principal Robertson<a href="#note-377">[377]</a> preach. 'I will
+    hear him, (said he,) if he will get up into a tree and preach; but I
+    will not give a sanction, by my presence, to a Presbyterian
+    assembly<a href="#note-378">[378]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Grant having prayed, Dr. Johnson said, his prayer was a very good
+    one; but objected to his not having introduced the Lord's Prayer<a href="#note-379">[379]</a>.
+    He told us, that an Italian of some note in London said once to him, 'We
+    have in our service a prayer called the <i>Pater Noster</i>, which is a very
+    fine composition. I wonder who is the author of it.' A singular instance
+    of ignorance in a man of some literature and general inquiry<a href="#note-380">[380]</a>!
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_21"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SATURDAY, AUGUST 28.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson had brought a <i>Sallust</i> with him in his pocket from
+    Edinburgh. He gave it last night to Mr. M'Aulay's son, a smart young lad
+    about eleven years old. Dr. Johnson had given an account of the
+    education at Oxford, in all its gradations. The advantage of being a
+    servitor to a youth of little fortune struck Mrs. M'Aulay much<a href="#note-381">[381]</a>. I
+    observed it aloud. Dr. Johnson very handsomely and kindly said, that, if
+    they would send their boy to him, when he was ready for the university,
+    he would get him made a servitor, and perhaps would do more for him. He
+    could not promise to do more; but would undertake for the
+    servitorship<a href="#note-382">[382]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I should have mentioned that Mr. White, a Welshman, who has been many
+    years factor (i.e. steward) on the estate of Calder, drank tea with us
+    last night, and upon getting a note from Mr. M'Aulay, asked us to his
+    house. We had not time to accept of his invitation. He gave us a letter
+    of introduction to Mr. Ferne, master of stores at Fort George. He shewed
+    it to me. It recommended 'two celebrated gentlemen; no less than Dr.
+    Johnson, <i>author of his Dictionary</i>,&mdash;and Mr. Boswell, known at
+    Edinburgh by the name of Paoli.' He said he hoped I had no objection to
+    what he had written; if I had, he would alter it. I thought it was a
+    pity to check his effusions, and acquiesced; taking care, however, to
+    seal the letter, that it might not appear that I had read it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    A conversation took place about saying grace at breakfast (as we do in
+    Scotland) as well as at dinner and supper; in which Dr. Johnson said,
+    'It is enough if we have stated seasons of prayer; no matter when<a href="#note-383">[383]</a>.
+    A man may as well pray when he mounts his horse, or a woman when she
+    milks her cow, (which Mr. Grant told us is done in the Highlands,) as at
+    meals; and custom is to be followed<a href="#note-384">[384]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We proceeded to Fort George. When we came into the square, I sent a
+    soldier with the letter to Mr. Ferne. He came to us immediately, and
+    along with him came Major <i>Brewse</i> of the Engineers, pronounced <i>Bruce</i>.
+    He said he believed it was originally the same Norman name with Bruce.
+    That he had dined at a house in London, where were three Bruces, one of
+    the Irish line, one of the Scottish line, and himself of the English
+    line. He said he was shewn it in the Herald's office spelt fourteen
+    different ways<a href="#note-385">[385]</a>. I told him the different spellings of my name[386].
+    Dr Johnson observed, that there had been great disputes about the
+    spelling of Shakspear's name; at last it was thought it would be settled
+    by looking at the original copy of his will; but, upon examining it, he
+    was found to have written it himself no less than three different ways.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Ferne and Major Brewse first carried us to wait on Sir Eyre
+    Coote<a href="#note-387">[387]</a>, whose regiment, the 37th, was lying here, and who then
+    commanded the fort. He asked us to dine with him, which we agreed to do.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Before dinner we examined the fort. The Major explained the
+    fortification to us, and Mr. Ferne gave us an account of the stores. Dr.
+    Johnson talked of the proportions of charcoal and salt-petre in making
+    gunpowder, of granulating it, and of giving it a gloss<a href="#note-388">[388]</a>. He made a
+    very good figure upon these topicks. He said to me afterwards, that 'he
+    had talked <i>ostentatiously</i><a href="#note-389">[389]</a>.' We reposed ourselves a little in Mr.
+    Ferne's house. He had every thing in neat order as in England; and a
+    tolerable collection of books. I looked into Pennant's <i>Tour in
+    Scotland</i>. He says little of this fort; but that 'the barracks, &amp;c. form
+    several streets<a href="#note-390">[390]</a>.' This is aggrandising. Mr. Ferne observed, if he
+    had said they form a square, with a row of buildings before it, he would
+    have given a juster description. Dr. Johnson remarked, 'how seldom
+    descriptions correspond with realities; and the reason is, that people
+    do not write them till some time after, and then their imagination has
+    added circumstances.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We talked of Sir Adolphus Oughton<a href="#note-391">[391]</a>. The Major said, he knew a great
+    deal for a military man. JOHNSON. 'Sir, you will find few men, of any
+    profession, who know more. Sir Adolphus is a very extraordinary man; a
+    man of boundless curiosity and unwearied diligence.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I know not how the Major contrived to introduce the contest between
+    Warburton and Lowth. JOHNSON. 'Warburton kept his temper all along,
+    while Lowth was in a passion. Lowth published some of Warburton's
+    letters. Warburton drew <i>him</i> on to write some very abusive letters, and
+    then asked his leave to publish them; which he knew Lowth could not
+    refuse, after what <i>he</i> had done. So that Warburton contrived that he
+    should publish, apparently with Lowth's consent, what could not but shew
+    Lowth in a disadvantageous light<a href="#note-392">[392]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    At three the drum beat for dinner. I, for a little while, fancied myself
+    a military man, and it pleased me. We went to Sir Eyre Coote's, at the
+    governour's house, and found him a most gentleman-like man. His lady is
+    a very agreeable woman, with an uncommonly mild and sweet tone of voice.
+    There was a pretty large company: Mr. Ferne, Major Brewse, and several
+    officers. Sir Eyre had come from the East-Indies by land, through the
+    Desarts of Arabia. He told us, the Arabs could live five days without
+    victuals, and subsist for three weeks on nothing else but the blood of
+    their camels, who could lose so much of it as would suffice for that
+    time, without being exhausted. He highly praised the virtue of the
+    Arabs; their fidelity, if they undertook to conduct any person; and
+    said, they would sacrifice their lives rather than let him be robbed.
+    Dr. Johnson, who is always for maintaining the superiority of civilized
+    over uncivilized men<a href="#note-393">[393]</a>, said, 'Why, Sir, I can see no superiour
+    virtue in this. A serjeant and twelve men, who are my guard, will die,
+    rather than that I shall be robbed.' Colonel Pennington, of the 37th
+    regiment, took up the argument with a good deal of spirit and
+    ingenuity. PENNINGTON. 'But the soldiers are compelled to this by fear
+    of punishment. 'JOHNSON. 'Well, Sir, the Arabs are compelled by the fear
+    of infamy.' PENNINGTON. 'The soldiers have the same fear of infamy, and
+    the fear of punishment besides; so have less virtue; because they act
+    less voluntarily.' Lady Coote observed very well, that it ought to be
+    known if there was not, among the Arabs, some punishment for not being
+    faithful on such occasions.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We talked of the stage. I observed, that we had not now such a company
+    of actors as in the last age; Wilks<a href="#note-394">[394]</a>, Booth[395], &amp;c. &amp;c. JOHNSON.
+    'You think so, because there is one who excels all the rest so much: you
+    compare them with Garrick, and see the deficiency. Garrick's great
+    distinction is his universality<a href="#note-396">[396]</a>. He can represent all modes of
+    life, but that of an easy fine bred gentleman<a href="#note-397">[397]</a>.' PENNINGTON. 'He
+    should give over playing young parts.' JOHNSON. 'He does not take them
+    now; but he does not leave off those which he has been used to play,
+    because he does them better than any one else can do them. If you had
+    generations of actors, if they swarmed like bees, the young ones might
+    drive off the old. Mrs. Cibber<a href="#note-398">[398]</a>, I think, got more reputation than
+    she deserved, as she had a great sameness; though her expression was
+    undoubtedly very fine. Mrs. Clive<a href="#note-399">[399]</a> was the best player I ever saw.
+    Mrs. Prichard<a href="#note-400">[400]</a> was a very good one; but she had something affected
+    in her manner: I imagine she had some player of the former age in her
+    eye, which occasioned it.'  Colonel Pennington said, Garrick sometimes
+    failed in emphasis<a href="#note-401">[401]</a>; as for instance, in <i>Hamlet</i>,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'I will speak <i>daggers</i> to her; but use <i>none</i><a href="#note-402">[402]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    instead of
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'I will <i>speak</i> daggers to her; but <i>use</i> none.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    We had a dinner of two complete courses, variety of wines, and the
+    regimental band of musick playing in the square, before the windows,
+    after it. I enjoyed this day much. We were quite easy and cheerful. Dr.
+    Johnson said, 'I shall always remember this fort with gratitude.' I
+    could not help being struck with some admiration, at finding upon this
+    barren sandy point, such buildings,&mdash;such a dinner,&mdash;such company: it
+    was like enchantment. Dr. Johnson, on the other hand, said to me more
+    rationally, that 'it did not strike <i>him</i> as any thing extraordinary;
+    because he knew, here was a large sum of money expended in building a
+    fort; here was a regiment. If there had been less than what we found, it
+    would have surprised him.' <i>He</i> looked coolly and deliberately through
+    all the gradations: my warm imagination jumped from the barren sands to
+    the splendid dinner and brilliant company, to borrow the expression of
+    an absurd poet,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+                         'Without ands or ifs,
+     I leapt from off the sands upon the cliffs.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    The whole scene gave me a strong impression of the power and excellence
+    of human art.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We left the fort between six and seven o'clock: Sir Eyre Coote, Colonel
+    Pennington, and several more accompanied us down stairs, and saw us into
+    our chaise. There could not be greater attention paid to any visitors.
+    Sir Eyre spoke of the hardships which Dr. Johnson had before him.
+    BOSWELL. 'Considering what he has said of us, we must make him feel
+    something rough in Scotland.' Sir Eyre said to him, 'You must change
+    your name, Sir.' BOSWELL. 'Ay, to Dr. M'Gregor<a href="#note-403">[403]</a>.'  We got safely to
+    Inverness, and put up at Mackenzie's inn. Mr. Keith, the collector of
+    Excise here, my old acquaintance at Ayr, who had seen us at the Fort,
+    visited us in the evening, and engaged us to dine with him next day,
+    promising to breakfast with us, and take us to the English chapel; so
+    that we were at once commodiously arranged.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Not finding a letter here that I expected, I felt a momentary impatience
+    to be at home. Transient clouds darkened my imagination, and in those
+    clouds I saw events from which I shrunk; but a sentence or two of the
+    <i>Rambler's</i> conversation gave me firmness, and I considered that I was
+    upon an expedition for which I had wished for years, and the
+    recollection of which would be a treasure to me for life.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_22"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SUNDAY, AUGUST 29.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Mr. Keith breakfasted with us. Dr. Johnson expatiated rather too
+    strongly upon the benefits derived to Scotland from the Union<a href="#note-404">[404]</a>, and
+    the bad state of our people before it. I am entertained with his copious
+    exaggeration upon that subject; but I am uneasy when people are by, who
+    do not know him as well as I do, and may be apt to think him
+    narrow-minded<a href="#note-405">[405]</a>. I therefore diverted the subject.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The English chapel, to which we went this morning, was but mean. The
+    altar was a bare fir table, with a coarse stool for kneeling on, covered
+    with a piece of thick sail-cloth doubled, by way of cushion. The
+    congregation was small. Mr. Tait, the clergyman, read prayers very well,
+    though with much of the Scotch accent. He preached on '<i>Love your
+    Enemies</i><a href="#note-406">[406]</a>.' It was remarkable that, when talking of the connections
+    amongst men, he said, that some connected themselves with men of
+    distinguished talents, and since they could not equal them, tried to
+    deck themselves with their merit, by being their companions. The
+    sentence was to this purpose. It had an odd coincidence with what might
+    be said of my connecting myself with Dr. Johnson<a href="#note-407">[407]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After church we walked down to the Quay. We then went to Macbeth's
+    castle<a href="#note-408">[408]</a>. I had a romantick satisfaction in seeing Dr. Johnson
+    actually in it. It perfectly corresponds with Shakspear's description,
+    which Sir Joshua Reynolds has so happily illustrated, in one of his
+    notes on our immortal poet<a href="#note-409">[409]</a>:
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+          'This castle hath a pleasant seat: the air
+          Nimbly and sweetly recommends itself
+          Unto our gentle sense,' &amp;c.<a href="#note-410">[410]</a>
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Just as we came out of it, a raven perched on one of the chimney-tops,
+    and croaked. Then I repeated
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+           '&mdash;&mdash;The raven himself is hoarse,
+           That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan
+           Under my battlements<a href="#note-411">[411]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    We dined at Mr. Keith's. Mrs. Keith was rather too attentive to Dr.
+    Johnson, asking him many questions about his drinking only water. He
+    repressed that observation, by saying to me, 'You may remember that Lady
+    Errol took no notice of this.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson has the happy art (for which I have heard my father praise
+    the old Earl of Aberdeen) of instructing himself, by making every man he
+    meets tell him something of what he knows best. He led Keith to talk to
+    him of the Excise in Scotland, and, in the course of conversation,
+    mentioned that his friend Mr. Thrale, the great brewer, paid twenty
+    thousand pounds a year to the revenue; and that he had four casks, each
+    of which holds sixteen hundred barrels,&mdash;above a thousand hogsheads.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+After this there was little conversation that deserves to be remembered.
+I shall therefore here again glean what I have omitted on former days.
+Dr. Gerrard, at Aberdeen, told us, that when he was in Wales, he was
+shewn a valley inhabited by Danes, who still retain their own language,
+and are quite a distinct people. Dr. Johnson thought it could not be
+true, or all the kingdom must have heard of it. He said to me, as we
+travelled, 'these people, Sir, that Gerrard talks of, may have somewhat
+of a <i>peregrinity</i> in their dialect, which relation has augmented to a
+different language.' I asked him if <i>peregrinity</i> was an English word:
+he laughed, and said, 'No.' I told him this was the second time that I
+had heard him coin a word<a href="#note-412">[412]</a>. When Foote broke his leg, I observed
+that it would make him fitter for taking off George Faulkner as Peter
+Paragraph<a href="#note-413">[413]</a>, poor George having a wooden leg. Dr. Johnson at that
+time said, 'George will rejoice at the <i>depeditation</i> of Foote;' and
+when I challenged that word, laughed, and owned he had made it, and
+added that he had not made above three or four in his <i>Dictionary</i><a href="#note-414">[414]</a>.
+ Having conducted Dr. Johnson to our inn, I begged permission to leave
+him for a little, that I might run about and pay some short visits to
+several good people of Inverness. He said to me 'You have all the
+old-fashioned principles, good and bad' I acknowledge I have. That of
+attention to relations in the remotest degree, or to worthy persons, in
+every state whom I have once known, I inherit from my father. It gave me
+much satisfaction to hear every body at Inverness speak of him with
+uncommon regard. Mr. Keith and Mr. Grant, whom we had seen at Mr.
+M'Aulay's, supped with us at the inn. We had roasted kid, which Dr.
+Johnson had never tasted before. He relished it much.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<a name="2H_4_23"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    MONDAY, AUGUST 30.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    This day we were to begin our <i>equitation,</i> as I said; for <i>I</i> would
+    needs make a word too. It is remarkable, that my noble, and to me most
+    constant friend, the Earl of Pembroke<a href="#note-415">[415]</a>, (who, if there is too much
+    ease on my part, will please to pardon what his benevolent, gay, social
+    intercourse, and lively correspondence have insensibly produced,) has
+    since hit upon the very same word. The title of the first edition of his
+    lordship's very useful book was, in simple terms, <i>A Method of breaking
+    Horses and teaching Soldiers to ride.</i> The title of the second edition
+    is, 'MILITARY EQUITATION<a href="#note-416">[416]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We might have taken a chaise to Fort Augustus, but, had we not hired
+    horses at Inverness, we should not have found them afterwards: so we
+    resolved to begin here to ride. We had three horses, for Dr. Johnson,
+    myself, and Joseph, and one which carried our portmanteaus, and two
+    Highlanders who walked along with us, John Hay and Lauchland Vass, whom
+    Dr. Johnson has remembered with credit in his JOURNEY<a href="#note-417">[417]</a>, though he
+    has omitted their names. Dr. Johnson rode very well.  About three miles
+    beyond Inverness, we saw, just by the road, a very complete specimen of
+    what is called a Druid's temple. There was a double circle, one of very
+    large, the other of smaller stones. Dr. Johnson justly observed, that
+    'to go and see one druidical temple is only to see that it is nothing,
+    for there is neither art nor power in it; and seeing one is
+    quite enough.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    It was a delightful day. Lochness, and the road upon the side of it,
+    shaded with birch trees, and the hills above it, pleased us much. The
+    scene was as sequestered and agreeably wild as could be desired, and for
+    a time engrossed all our attention<a href="#note-418">[418]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    To see Dr. Johnson in any new situation is always an interesting object
+    to me; and, as I saw him now for the first time on horseback, jaunting
+    about at his ease in quest of pleasure and novelty, the very different
+    occupations of his former laborious life, his admirable productions, his
+    <i>London</i>, his <i>Rambler</i>, &amp;c. &amp;c., immediately presented themselves to my
+    mind, and the contrast made a strong impression on my imagination.
+</p>
+<p>
+    When we had advanced a good way by the side of Lochness, I perceived a
+    little hut, with an old-looking woman at the door of it. I thought here
+    might be a scene that would amuse Dr. Johnson; so I mentioned it to him.
+    'Let's go in,' said he. We dismounted, and we and our guides entered the
+    hut. It was a wretched little hovel of earth only, I think, and for a
+    window had only a small hole, which was stopped with a piece of turf,
+    that was taken out occasionally to let in light. In the middle of the
+    room or space which we entered, was a fire of peat, the smoke going out
+    at a hole in the roof. She had a pot upon it, with goat's flesh,
+    boiling. There was at one end under the same roof, but divided by a kind
+    of partition made of wattles, a pen or fold in which we saw a good
+    many kids.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson was curious to know where she slept. I asked one of the
+    guides, who questioned her in Erse. She answered with a tone of emotion,
+    saying, (as he told us,) she was afraid we wanted to go to bed to her.
+    This <i>coquetry</i>, or whatever it may be called, of so wretched a being,
+    was truly ludicrous. Dr. Johnson and I afterwards were merry upon it. I
+    said it was he who alarmed the poor woman's virtue. 'No, Sir, (said he,)
+    she'll say "there came a wicked young fellow, a wild dog, who I believe
+    would have ravished me, had there not been with him a grave old
+    gentleman, who repressed him: but when he gets out of the sight of his
+    tutor, I'll warrant you he'll spare no woman he meets, young or old."'
+    'No, Sir, (I replied,) she'll say, "There was a terrible ruffian who
+    would have forced me, had it not been for a civil decent young man who,
+    I take it, was an angel sent from heaven to protect me."'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson would not hurt her delicacy, by insisting on 'seeing her
+    bed-chamber,' like <i>Archer</i> in the <i>Beaux Stratagem</i><a href="#note-419">[419]</a>. But my
+    curiosity was more ardent; I lighted a piece of paper, and went into the
+    place where the bed was. There was a little partition of wicker, rather
+    more neatly done than that for the fold, and close by the wall was a
+    kind of bedstead of wood with heath upon it by way of bed! at the foot
+    of which I saw some sort of blankets or covering rolled up in a heap.
+    The woman's name was Fraser; so was her husband's. He was a man of
+    eighty. Mr. Fraser of Balnain allows him to live in this hut, and keep
+    sixty goats, for taking care of his woods, where he then was. They had
+    five children, the eldest only thirteen. Two were gone to Inverness to
+    buy meal<a href="#note-420">[420]</a>; the rest were looking after the goats. This contented
+    family had four stacks of barley, twenty-four sheaves in each. They had
+    a few fowls. We were informed that they lived all the spring without
+    meal, upon milk and curds and whey alone. What they get for their goats,
+    kids, and fowls, maintains them during the rest of the year.  She asked
+    us to sit down and take a dram. I saw one chair. She said she was as
+    happy as any woman in Scotland. She could hardly speak any English
+    except a few detached words. Dr. Johnson was pleased at seeing, for the
+    first time, such a state of human life. She asked for snuff. It is her
+    luxury, and she uses a great deal. We had none; but gave her sixpence a
+    piece. She then brought out her whiskey bottle. I tasted it; as did
+    Joseph and our guides, so I gave her sixpence more. She sent us away
+    with many prayers in Erse.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We dined at a publick house called the General's Hut<a href="#note-421">[421]</a>, from General
+    Wade, who was lodged there when he commanded in the North. Near it is
+    the meanest parish <i>Kirk</i> I ever saw. It is a shame it should be on a
+    high road. After dinner, we passed through a good deal of mountainous
+    country. I had known Mr. Trapaud, the deputy governour of Fort Augustus,
+    twelve years ago, at a circuit at Inverness, where my father was judge.
+    I sent forward one of our guides, and Joseph, with a card to him, that
+    he might know Dr. Johnson and I were coming up, leaving it to him to
+    invite us or not<a href="#note-422">[422]</a>. It was dark when we arrived. The inn was
+    wretched. Government ought to build one, or give the resident governour
+    an additional salary; as in the present state of things, he must
+    necessarily be put to a great expence in entertaining travellers. Joseph
+    announced to us, when we alighted, that the governour waited for us at
+    the gate of the fort. We walked to it. He met us, and with much civility
+    conducted us to his house. It was comfortable to find ourselves in a
+    well-built little square, and a neatly furnished house, in good company,
+    and with a good supper before us; in short, with all the conveniences of
+    civilised life in the midst of rude mountains. Mrs. Trapaud, and the
+    governour's daughter, and her husband, Captain Newmarsh, were all most
+    obliging and polite. The governour had excellent animal spirits, the
+    conversation of a soldier, and somewhat of a Frenchman, to which his
+    extraction entitles him. He is brother to General Cyrus Trapaud. We
+    passed a very agreeable evening.<a href="#note-423">[423]</a>
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_24"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    TUESDAY, AUGUST 31.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    The governour has a very good garden. We looked at it, and at the rest
+    of the fort, which is but small, and may be commanded from a variety of
+    hills around. We also looked at the galley or sloop belonging to the
+    fort, which sails upon the Loch, and brings what is wanted for the
+    garrison. Captains Urie and Darippe, of the 15th regiment of foot,
+    breakfasted with us. They had served in America, and entertained Dr.
+    Johnson much with an account of the Indians.<a href="#note-424">[424]</a> He said, he could make
+    a very pretty book out of them, were he to stay there. Governour Trapaud
+    was much struck with Dr. Johnson. 'I like to hear him, (said he,) it is
+    so majestick. I should be glad to hear him speak in your court.' He
+    pressed us to stay dinner; but I considered that we had a rude road
+    before us, which we could more easily encounter in the morning, and that
+    it was hard to say when we might get up, were we to sit down to good
+    entertainment, in good company: I therefore begged the governour would
+    excuse us. Here too, I had another very pleasing proof how much my
+    father is regarded. The governour expressed the highest respect for him,
+    and bade me tell him, that, if he would come that way on the Northern
+    circuit, he would do him all the honours of the garrison.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Between twelve and one we set out, and travelled eleven miles, through a
+    wild country, till we came to a house in Glenmorison, called <i>Anoch</i>,
+    kept by a McQueen<a href="#note-425">[425]</a>. Our landlord was a sensible fellow; he had
+    learned his grammar<a href="#note-426">[426]</a>, and Dr. Johnson justly observed, that 'a man
+    is the better for that as long as he lives.' There were some books here:
+    <i>a Treatise against Drunkenness</i>, translated from the French; a volume
+    of <i>The Spectator</i>; a volume of <i>Prideaux's Connection</i>, and <i>Cyrus's
+    Travels</i><a href="#note-427">[427]</a>. McQueen said he had more volumes; and his pride seemed to
+    be much piqued that we were surprised at his having books.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Near to this place we had passed a party of soldiers, under a serjeant's
+    command, at work upon the road. We gave them two shillings to drink.
+    They came to our inn, and made merry in the barn. We went and paid them
+    a visit, Dr. Johnson saying, 'Come, let's go and give 'em another
+    shilling a-piece.' We did so; and he was saluted 'MY LORD' by all of
+    them. He is really generous, loves influence, and has the way of gaining
+    it. He said, 'I am quite feudal, Sir.' Here I agree with him. I said, I
+    regretted I was not the head of a clan; however, though not possessed of
+    such an hereditary advantage, I would always endeavour to make my
+    tenants follow me. I could not be a <i>patriarchal</i> chief, but I would be
+    a <i>feudal</i> chief.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The poor soldiers got too much liquor. Some of them fought, and left
+    blood upon the spot, and cursed whiskey next morning. The house here was
+    built of thick turfs, and thatched with thinner turfs and heath. It had
+    three rooms in length, and a little room which projected. Where we sat,
+    the side-walls were <i>wainscotted</i>, as Dr. Johnson said, with wicker,
+    very neatly plaited. Our landlord had made the whole with his own hands.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After dinner, McQueen sat by us a while, and talked with us. He said,
+    all the Laird of Glenmorison's people would bleed for him if they were
+    well used; but that seventy men had gone out of the Glen to America.
+    That he himself intended to go next year; for that the rent of his farm,
+    which twenty years ago was only five pounds, was now raised to twenty
+    pounds. That he could pay ten pounds and live; but no more.<a href="#note-428">[428]</a> Dr.
+    Johnson said, he wished M'Queen laird of Glenmorison, and the laird to
+    go to America. M'Queen very generously answered, he should be sorry for
+    it; for the laird could not shift for himself in America as he could do.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I talked of the officers whom we had left to-day; how much service they
+    had seen, and how little they got for it, even of fame. JOHNSON. 'Sir, a
+    soldier gets as little as any man can get.' BOSWELL. 'Goldsmith has
+    acquired more fame than all the officers last war, who were not
+    Generals.'<a href="#note-429">[429]</a> JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, you will find ten thousand fit to do
+    what they did, before you find one who does what Goldsmith has done. You
+    must consider, that a thing is valued according to its rarity. A pebble
+    that paves the street is in itself more useful than the diamond upon a
+    lady's finger.' I wish our friend Goldsmith had heard this.<a href="#note-430">[430]</a>
+</p>
+<p>
+    I yesterday expressed my wonder that John Hay, one of our guides, who
+    had been pressed aboard a man of war, did not choose to continue in it
+    longer than nine months, after which time he got off. JOHNSON. 'Why,
+    Sir, no man will be a sailor, who has contrivance enough to get himself
+    into a jail; for, being in a ship is being in a jail, with the chance of
+    being drowned.'<a href="#note-431">[431]</a>  We had tea in the afternoon, and our landlord's
+    daughter, a modest civil girl, very neatly drest, made it for us. She
+    told us, she had been a year at Inverness, and learnt reading and
+    writing, sewing, knotting<a href="#note-432">[432]</a>, working lace, and pastry. Dr. Johnson
+    made her a present of a book which he had bought at Inverness<a href="#note-433">[433]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The room had some deals laid across the joists, as a kind of ceiling.
+    There were two beds in the room, and a woman's gown was hung on a rope
+    to make a curtain of separation between them. Joseph had sheets, which
+    my wife had sent with us, laid on them. We had much hesitation, whether
+    to undress, or lie down with our clothes on. I said at last, 'I'll
+    plunge in! There will be less harbour for vermin about me, when I am
+    stripped!' Dr. Johnson said, he was like one hesitating whether to go
+    into the cold bath. At last he resolved too. I observed he might serve a
+    campaign. JOHNSON. 'I could do all that can be done by patience: whether
+    I should have strength enough, I know not.' He was in excellent humour.
+    To see the Rambler as I saw him to-night, was really an amusement. I
+    yesterday told him, I was thinking of writing a poetical letter to him,
+    <i>on his return from Scotland</i>, in the style of Swift's humorous epistle
+    in the character of Mary Gulliver to her husband, Captain Lemuel
+    Gulliver, on his return to England from the country of the HOUYHNHUMS:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'At early morn I to the market haste,
+      Studious in ev'ry thing to please thy taste.
+      A curious <i>fowl</i> and <i>sparagrass</i> I chose;
+      (For I remember you were fond of those:)
+      Three shillings cost the first, the last sev'n groats;
+      Sullen you turn from both, and call for OATS<a href="#note-434">[434]</a>:'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    He laughed, and asked in whose name I would write it. I said, in Mrs.
+    Thrale's. He was angry. 'Sir, if you have any sense of decency or
+    delicacy, you won't do that!' BOSWELL. 'Then let it be in Cole's, the
+    landlord of the <i>Mitre tavern</i>; where we have so often sat together.'
+    JOHNSON. 'Ay, that may do.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    After we had offered up our private devotions, and had chatted a little
+    from our beds, Dr. Johnson said, 'GOD bless us both, for Jesus Christ's
+    sake! Good night!' I pronounced 'Amen.' He fell asleep immediately. I
+    was not so fortunate for a long time. I fancied myself bit by
+    innumerable vermin under the clothes; and that a spider was travelling
+    from the <i>wainscot</i> towards my mouth. At last I fell into insensibility.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_25"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 1.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    I awaked very early. I began to imagine that the landlord, being about
+    to emigrate, might murder us to get our money, and lay it upon the
+    soldiers in the barn. Such groundless fears will arise in the mind,
+    before it has resumed its vigour after sleep! Dr. Johnson had had the
+    same kind of ideas; for he told me afterwards, that he considered so
+    many soldiers, having seen us, would be witnesses, should any harm be
+    done, and that circumstance, I suppose, he considered as a
+    security.<a href="#note-435">[435]</a> When I got up, I found him sound asleep in his miserable
+    <i>stye</i>, as I may call it, with a coloured handkerchief tied round his
+    head. With difficulty could I awaken him. It reminded me of Henry the
+    Fourth's fine soliloquy on sleep; for there was here as <i>uneasy a
+    pallet</i><a href="#note-436">[436]</a> as the poet's imagination could possibly conceive.
+</p>
+<p>
+    A <i>red coat</i> of the 15th regiment, whether officer, or only serjeant, I
+    could not be sure, came to the house, in his way to the mountains to
+    shoot deer, which it seems the Laird of Glenmorison does not hinder any
+    body to do. Few, indeed, can do them harm. We had him to breakfast with
+    us. We got away about eight. M'Queen walked some miles to give us a
+    convoy. He had, in 1745, joined the Highland army at Fort Augustus, and
+    continued in it till after the battle of Culloden. As he narrated the
+    particulars of that ill-advised, but brave attempt, I could not refrain
+    from tears. There is a certain association of ideas in my mind upon that
+    subject, by which I am strongly affected. The very Highland names, or
+    the sound of a bagpipe, will stir my blood, and fill me with a mixture
+    of melancholy and respect for courage; with pity for an unfortunate and
+    superstitious regard for antiquity, and thoughtless inclination for war;
+    in short, with a crowd of sensations with which sober rationality has
+    nothing to do.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We passed through Glensheal, with prodigious mountains on each side. We
+    saw where the battle was fought in the year 1719.<a href="#note-437">[437]</a> Dr. Johnson
+    owned he was now in a scene of as wild nature as he could see; but he
+    corrected me sometimes in my inaccurate observations. 'There, (said I,)
+    is a mountain like a cone.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir. It would be called so in
+    a book; and when a man comes to look at it, he sees it is not so. It is
+    indeed pointed at the top; but one side of it is larger than the
+    other<a href="#note-438">[438]</a>.' Another mountain I called immense. JOHNSON. 'No; it is no
+    more than a considerable protuberance.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We came to a rich green valley, comparatively speaking, and stopped a
+    while to let our horses rest and eat grass<a href="#note-439">[439]</a>. We soon afterwards came
+    to Auchnasheal, a kind of rural village, a number of cottages being
+    built together, as we saw all along in the Highlands. We passed many
+    miles this day without seeing a house, but only little summer-huts,
+    called <i>shielings</i>. Evan Campbell, servant to Mr. Murchison, factor to
+    the Laird of Macleod in Glenelg, ran along with us to-day. He was a
+    very obliging fellow. At Auchnasheal, we sat down on a green turf seat
+    at the end of a house; they brought us out two wooden dishes of milk,
+    which we tasted. One of them was frothed like a syllabub. I saw a woman
+    preparing it with such a stick as is used for chocolate, and in the same
+    manner. We had a considerable circle about us, men, women, and children,
+    all M'Craas, Lord Seaforth's people. Not one of them could speak
+    English. I observed to Dr. Johnson, it was much the same as being with a
+    tribe of Indians. JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; but not so terrifying<a href="#note-440">[440]</a>.' I
+    gave all who chose it, snuff and tobacco. Governour Trapaud had made us
+    buy a quantity at Fort Augustus, and put them up in small parcels. I
+    also gave each person a bit of wheat bread, which they had never tasted
+    before. I then gave a penny apiece to each child. I told Dr. Johnson of
+    this; upon which he called to Joseph and our guides, for change for a
+    shilling, and declared that he would distribute among the children. Upon
+    this being announced in Erse, there was a great stir; not only did some
+    children come running down from neighbouring huts, but I observed one
+    black-haired man, who had been with us all along, had gone off, and
+    returned, bringing a very young child. My fellow traveller then ordered
+    the children to be drawn up in a row; and he dealt about his copper, and
+    made them and their parents all happy. The poor M'Craas, whatever may be
+    their present state, were of considerable estimation in the year 1715,
+    when there was a line in a song,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'And aw the brave M'Craas are coming<a href="#note-441">[441]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    There was great diversity in the faces of the circle around us: some
+    were as black and wild in their appearance as any American savages
+    whatever. One woman was as comely almost as the figure of Sappho, as we
+    see it painted. We asked the old woman, the mistress of the house where
+    we had the milk, (which by the bye, Dr. Johnson told me, for I did not
+    observe it myself, was built not of turf, but of stone,) what we should
+    pay. She said, what we pleased. One of our guides asked her in Erse, if
+    a shilling was enough. She said, 'yes.' But some of the men bade her ask
+    more<a href="#note-442">[442]</a>. This vexed me; because it shewed a desire to impose upon
+    strangers, as they knew that even a shilling was high payment. The
+    woman, however, honestly persisted in her first price; so I gave her
+    half a crown. Thus we had one good scene of life uncommon to us. The
+    people were very much pleased, gave us many blessings, and said they had
+    not had such a day since the old Laird of Macleod's time.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson was much refreshed by this repast. He was pleased when I
+    told him he would make a good Chief. He said, 'Were I a chief, I would
+    dress my servants better than myself, and knock a fellow down if he
+    looked saucy to a Macdonald in rags: but I would not treat men as
+    brutes. I would let them know why all of my clan were to have attention
+    paid to them. I would tell my upper servants why, and make them tell the
+    others.'  We rode on well<a href="#note-443">[443]</a>, till we came to the high mountain
+    called the Rattakin, by which time both Dr. Johnson and the horses were
+    a good deal fatigued. It is a terrible steep to climb, notwithstanding
+    the road is formed slanting along it; however, we made it out. On the
+    top of it we met Captain M'Leod of Balmenoch (a Dutch officer who had
+    come from Sky) riding with his sword slung across him. He asked, 'Is
+    this Mr. Boswell?' which was a proof that we were expected. Going down
+    the hill on the other side was no easy task. As Dr. Johnson was a great
+    weight, the two guides agreed that he should ride the horses
+    alternately. Hay's were the two best, and the Doctor would not ride but
+    upon one or other of them, a black or a brown. But as Hay complained
+    much after ascending the <i>Rattakin</i>, the Doctor was prevailed with to
+    mount one of Vass's greys. As he rode upon it down hill, it did not go
+    well; and he grumbled. I walked on a little before, but was excessively
+    entertained with the method taken to keep him in good humour. Hay led
+    the horse's head, talking to Dr. Johnson as much as he could; and
+    (having heard him, in the forenoon, express a pastoral pleasure on
+    seeing the goats browzing) just when the Doctor was uttering his
+    displeasure, the fellow cried, with a very Highland accent, 'See, such
+    pretty goats!' Then he whistled, <i>whu!</i> and made them jump. Little did
+    he conceive what Dr. Johnson was. Here now was a common ignorant
+    Highland clown, imagining that he could divert, as one does a
+    child,&mdash;<i>Dr. Samuel Johnson!</i> The ludicrousness, absurdity, and
+    extraordinary contrast between what the fellow fancied, and the reality,
+    was truly comick.
+</p>
+<p>
+    It grew dusky; and we had a very tedious ride for what was called five
+    miles; but I am sure would measure ten. We had no conversation. I was
+    riding forward to the inn at Glenelg, on the shore opposite to Sky, that
+    I might take proper measures, before Dr. Johnson, who was now advancing
+    in dreary silence, Hay leading his horse, should arrive. Vass also
+    walked by the side of his horse, and Joseph followed behind: as
+    therefore he was thus attended, and seemed to be in deep meditation, I
+    thought there could be no harm in leaving him for a little while. He
+    called me back with a tremendous shout, and was really in a passion with
+    me for leaving him. I told him my intentions, but he was not satisfied,
+    and said, 'Do you know, I should as soon have thought of picking a
+    pocket, as doing so?' BOSWELL. 'I am diverted with you, Sir.' JOHNSON.
+    'Sir, I could never be diverted with incivility. Doing such a thing,
+    makes one lose confidence in him who has done it, as one cannot tell
+    what he may do next.' His extraordinary warmth confounded me so much,
+    that I justified myself but lamely to him; yet my intentions were not
+    improper. I wished to get on, to see how we were to be lodged, and how
+    we were to get a boat; all which I thought I could best settle myself,
+    without his having any trouble. To apply his great mind to minute
+    particulars, is wrong: it is like taking an immense balance, such as is
+    kept on quays for weighing cargoes of ships,&mdash;to weigh a guinea. I knew
+    I had neat little scales, which would do better; and that his attention
+    to every thing which falls in his way, and his uncommon desire to be
+    always in the right, would make him weigh, if he knew of the
+    particulars: it was right therefore for me to weigh them, and let him
+    have them only in effect. I however continued to ride by him, finding he
+    wished I should do so.
+</p>
+<p>
+    As we passed the barracks at Bernéra, I looked at them wishfully, as
+    soldiers have always every thing in the best order: but there was only a
+    serjeant and a few men there. We came on to the inn at Glenelg. There
+    was no provender for our horses; so they were sent to grass, with a man
+    to watch them. A maid shewed us up stairs into a room damp and dirty,
+    with bare walls, a variety of bad smells, a coarse black greasy fir
+    table, and forms of the same kind; and out of a wretched bed started a
+    fellow from his sleep, like Edgar in <i>King Lear</i><a href="#note-444">[444]</a>, '<i>Poor Tom's a
+    cold</i><a href="#note-445">[445]</a>.'  This inn was furnished with not a single article that we
+    could either eat or drink<a href="#note-446">[446]</a>; but Mr. Murchison, factor to the Laird
+    of Macleod in Glenelg, sent us a bottle of rum and some sugar, with a
+    polite message, to acquaint us, that he was very sorry that he did not
+    hear of us till we had passed his house, otherwise he should have
+    insisted on our sleeping there that night; and that, if he were not
+    obliged to set out for Inverness early next morning, he would have
+    waited upon us. Such extraordinary attention from this gentleman, to
+    entire strangers, deserves the most honourable commemoration.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Our bad accommodation here made me uneasy, and almost fretful. Dr.
+    Johnson was calm. I said, he was so from vanity. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir, it
+    is from philosophy.' It pleased me to see that the <i>Rambler</i> could
+    practise so well his own lessons.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I resumed the subject of my leaving him on the road, and endeavoured to
+    defend it better. He was still violent upon that head, and said, 'Sir,
+    had you gone on, I was thinking that I should have returned with you to
+    Edinburgh, and then have parted from you, and never spoken to you more.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I sent for fresh hay, with which we made beds for ourselves, each in a
+    room equally miserable. Like Wolfe, we had a 'choice of
+    difficulties<a href="#note-447">[447]</a>'. Dr. Johnson made things easier by comparison. At
+    M'Queen's, last night, he observed that few were so well lodged in a
+    ship. To-night he said, we were better than if we had been upon the
+    hill. He lay down buttoned up in his great coat. I had my sheets spread
+    on the hay, and my clothes and great coat laid over me, by way
+    of blankets.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_26"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 2.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    I had slept ill. Dr. Johnson's anger had affected me much. I considered
+    that, without any bad intention, I might suddenly forfeit his
+    friendship; and was impatient to see him this morning. I told him how
+    uneasy he had made me, by what he had said, and reminded him of his own
+    remark at Aberdeen, upon old friendships being hastily broken off. He
+    owned he had spoken to me in passion; that he would not have done what
+    he threatened; and that, if he had, he should have been ten times worse
+    than I; that forming intimacies, would indeed be 'limning the
+    water<a href="#note-448">[448]</a>,' were they liable to such sudden dissolution; and he added,
+    'Let's think no more on't.' BOSWELL. 'Well then, Sir, I shall be easy.
+    Remember, I am to have fair warning in case of any quarrel. You are
+    never to spring a mine upon me. It was absurd in me to believe you.'
+    JOHNSON. 'You deserved about as much, as to believe me from night
+    to morning.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    After breakfast, we got into a boat for Sky. It rained much when we set
+    off, but cleared up as we advanced. One of the boatmen, who spoke
+    English, said, that a mile at land was two miles at sea. I then
+    observed, that from Glenelg to Armidale in Sky, which was our present
+    course, and is called twelve, was only six miles: but this he could not
+    understand. 'Well, (said Dr. Johnson,) never talk to me of the native
+    good sense of the Highlanders. Here is a fellow who calls one mile two,
+    and yet cannot comprehend that twelve such imaginary miles make in
+    truth but six.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We reached the shore of Armidale before one o'clock. Sir Alexander
+    M'Donald came down to receive us. He and his lady, (formerly Miss
+    Bosville of Yorkshire<a href="#note-449">[449]</a>,) were then in a house built by a tenant at
+    this place, which is in the district of Slate, the family mansion here
+    having been burned in Sir Donald Macdonald's time.  The most ancient
+    seat of the chief of the Macdonalds in the isle of Sky was at Duntulm,
+    where there are the remains of a stately castle. The principal residence
+    of the family is now at Mugstot, at which there is a considerable
+    building. Sir Alexander and Lady Macdonald had come to Armidale in their
+    way to Edinburgh, where it was necessary for them to be soon after this
+    time.  Armidale is situated on a pretty bay of the narrow sea, which
+    flows between the main land of Scotland and the Isle of Sky. In front
+    there is a grand prospect of the rude mountains of Moidart and
+    Knoidart<a href="#note-451">[451]</a>. Behind are hills gently rising and covered with a finer
+    verdure than I expected to see in this climate, and the scene is
+    enlivened by a number of little clear brooks.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Sir Alexander Macdonald having been an Eton scholar<a href="#note-452">[452]</a>, and being a
+    gentleman of talents, Dr. Johnson had been very well pleased with him in
+    London<a href="#note-453">[453]</a>. But my fellow-traveller and I were now full of the old
+    Highland spirit, and were dissatisfied at hearing of racked rents and
+    emigration, and finding a chief not surrounded by his clan. Dr. Johnson
+    said, 'Sir, the Highland chiefs should not be allowed to go farther
+    south than Aberdeen. A strong-minded man, like Sir James Macdonald<a href="#note-454">[454]</a>,
+    may be improved by an English education; but in general, they will be
+    tamed into insignificance.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We found here Mr. Janes of Aberdeenshire, a naturalist. Janes said he
+    had been at Dr. Johnson's in London, with Ferguson the astronomer<a href="#note-455">[455]</a>.
+    JOHNSON. 'It is strange that, in such distant places, I should meet with
+    any one who knows me. I should have thought I might hide myself in Sky.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_27"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 3.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    This day proving wet, we should have passed our time very uncomfortably,
+    had we not found in the house two chests of books, which we eagerly
+    ransacked. After dinner, when I alone was left at table with the few
+    Highland gentlemen who were of the company, having talked with very high
+    respect of Sir James Macdonald, they were all so much affected as to
+    shed tears. One of them was Mr. Donald Macdonald, who had been
+    lieutenant of grenadiers in the Highland regiment, raised by Colonel
+    Montgomery, now Earl of Eglintoune, in the war before last; one of those
+    regiments which the late Lord Chatham prided himself in having brought
+    from 'the mountains of the North<a href="#note-456">[456]</a>:' by doing which he contributed to
+    extinguish in the Highlands the remains of disaffection to the present
+    Royal Family. From this gentleman's conversation, I first learnt how
+    very popular his Colonel was among the Highlanders; of which I had such
+    continued proofs, during the whole course of my Tour, that on my return
+    I could not help telling the noble Earl himself, that I did not before
+    know how great a man he was.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We were advised by some persons here to visit Rasay, in our way to
+    Dunvegan, the seat of the Laird of Macleod. Being informed that the Rev.
+    Mr. Donald M'Queen was the most intelligent man in Sky, and having been
+    favoured with a letter of introduction to him, by the learned Sir James
+    Foulis, I sent it to him by an express, and requested he would meet us
+    at Rasay; and at the same time enclosed a letter to the Laird of
+    Macleod, informing him that we intended in a few days to have the honour
+    of waiting on him at Dunvegan.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson this day endeavoured to obtain some knowledge of the state
+    of the country; but complained that he could get no distinct information
+    about any thing, from those with whom he conversed<a href="#note-457">[457]</a>.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_28"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 4.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    My endeavours to rouse the English-bred Chieftain<a href="#note-458">[458]</a>, in whose house
+    we were, to the feudal and patriarchal feelings, proving ineffectual,
+    Dr. Johnson this morning tried to bring him to our way of thinking.
+    JOHNSON. 'Were I in your place, Sir, in seven years I would make this an
+    independant island. I would roast oxen whole, and hang out a flag as a
+    signal to the Macdonalds to come and get beef and whiskey.' Sir
+    Alexander was still starting difficulties. JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir; if you
+    are born to object, I have done with you. Sir, I would have a magazine
+    of arms.' SIR ALEXANDER. 'They would rust.' JOHNSON. 'Let there be men
+    to keep them clean. Your ancestors did not use to let their arms
+    rust<a href="#note-459">[459]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We attempted in vain to communicate to him a portion of our enthusiasm.
+    He bore with so polite a good nature our warm, and what some might call
+    Gothick, expostulations, on this subject, that I should not forgive
+    myself, were I to record all that Dr. Johnson's ardour led him to
+    say.&mdash;This day was little better than a blank.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_29"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 5.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    I walked to the parish church of Slate, which is a very poor one. There
+    are no church bells in the island. I was told there were once some; what
+    has become of them, I could not learn. The minister not being at home,
+    there was no service. I went into the church, and saw the monument of
+    Sir James Macdonald, which was elegantly executed at Rome, and has the
+    following inscription, written by his friend, George Lord Lyttelton:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     To the memory
+     Of SIR JAMES MACDONALD, BART.
+     Who in the flower of youth
+     Had attained to so eminent a degree of knowledge,
+     In Mathematics, Philosophy, Languages,
+     And in every other branch of useful and polite learning
+     As few have acquired in a long life
+     Wholly devoted to study:
+     Yet to this erudition he joined
+     What can rarely be found with it,
+     Great talents for business,
+     Great propriety of behaviour,
+     Great politeness of manners!
+     His eloquence was sweet, correct, and flowing;
+     His memory vast and exact;
+     His judgement strong and acute;
+     All which endowments, united
+     With the most amiable temper
+     And every private virtue,
+     Procured him, not only in his own country,
+     But also from foreign nations<a href="#note-460">[460]</a>,
+     The highest marks of esteem.
+     In the year of our Lord 1766,
+     The 25th of his life,
+     After a long and extremely painful illness,
+     Which he supported with admirable patience and fortitude,
+     He died at Rome,
+     Where, notwithstanding the difference of religion,
+     Such extraordinary honours were paid to his memory,
+     As had never graced that of any other British Subject,
+     Since the death of Sir Philip Sidney.
+     The fame he left behind him is the best consolation
+     To his afflicted family,
+     And to his countrymen in this isle,
+     For whose benefit he had planned
+     Many useful improvements,
+     Which his fruitful genius suggested,
+     And his active spirit promoted,
+     Under the sober direction
+     Of a clear and enlightened understanding.
+     Reader, bewail our loss,
+     And that of all Britain.
+     In testimony of her love,
+     And as the best return she can make
+     To her departed son,
+     For the constant tenderness and affection
+     Which, even to his last moments,
+     He shewed for her,
+     His much afflicted mother,
+     The LADY MARGARET MACDONALD,
+     Daughter to the EARL of EGLINTOUNE,
+     Erected this Monument,
+     A.D. 1768<a href="#note-461">[461]</a>'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson said, the inscription should have been in Latin, as every
+    thing intended to be universal and permanent should be<a href="#note-462">[462]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    This being a beautiful day, my spirits were cheered by the mere effect
+    of climate. I had felt a return of spleen during my stay at Armidale,
+    and had it not been that I had Dr. Johnson to contemplate, I should have
+    sunk into dejection; but his firmness supported me. I looked at him, as
+    a man whose head is turning giddy at sea looks at a rock, or any fixed
+    object. I wondered at his tranquillity. He said, 'Sir, when a man
+    retires into an island, he is to turn his thoughts entirely to another
+    world. He has done with this.' BOSWELL. 'It appears to me, Sir, to be
+    very difficult to unite a due attention to this world, and that which is
+    to come; for, if we engage eagerly in the affairs of life, we are apt to
+    be totally forgetful of a future state; and, on the other hand, a steady
+    contemplation of the awful concerns of eternity renders all objects here
+    so insignificant, as to make us indifferent and negligent about them.'
+    JOHNSON. 'Sir, Dr. Cheyne has laid down a rule to himself on this
+    subject, which should be imprinted on every mind:&mdash;"<i>To neglect nothing
+    to secure my eternal peace, more than if I had been certified I should
+    die within the day: nor to mind any thing that my secular obligations
+    and duties demanded of me, less than if I had been ensured to live fifty
+    years more<a href="#note-463">[463]</a></i>."'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I must here observe, that though Dr. Johnson appeared now to be
+    philosophically calm, yet his genius did not shine forth as in
+    companies, where I have listened to him with admiration. The vigour of
+    his mind was, however, sufficiently manifested, by his discovering no
+    symptoms of feeble relaxation in the dull, 'weary, flat and
+    unprofitable<a href="#note-464">[464]</a>' state in which we now were placed.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I am inclined to think that it was on this day he composed the following
+    Ode upon the <i>Isle of Sky</i>, which a few days afterwards he shewed me
+    at Rasay:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     ODA,
+
+     Ponti profundis clausa recessibus,
+     Strepens procellis, rupibus obsita,
+     Quam grata defesso virentem
+     Skia sinum nebulosa pandis.
+
+     His cura, credo, sedibus exulat;
+     His blanda certe pax habitat locis:
+     Non ira, non moeror quietis
+     Insidias meditatur horis.
+
+     At non cavata rupe latescere,
+     Menti nec aegrae montibus aviis
+     Prodest vagari, nec frementes
+     E scopulo numerare fluctus.
+
+     Humana virtus non sibi sufficit,
+     Datur nec aequum cuique animum sibi
+     Parare posse, ut Stoicorum
+     Secta crepet nimis alta fallax.
+
+     Exaestuantis pectoris impetum,
+     Rex summe, solus tu regis arbiter,
+     Mentisque, te tollente, surgunt,
+     Te recidunt moderante fluctus<a href="#note-465">[465]</a>.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    After supper, Dr. Johnson told us, that Isaac Hawkins Browne drank
+    freely for thirty years, and that he wrote his poem, <i>De Animi
+    Immortalitate</i>, in some of the last of these years<a href="#note-466">[466]</a>. I listened to
+    this with the eagerness of one who, conscious of being himself fond of
+    wine, is glad to hear that a man of so much genius and good thinking as
+    Browne had the same propensity<a href="#note-467">[467]</a>.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_30"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 6.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    We set out, accompanied by Mr. Donald M'Leod, (late of Canna) as our
+    guide. We rode for some time along the district of Slate, near the
+    shore. The houses in general are made of turf, covered with grass. The
+    country seemed well peopled. We came into the district of Strath, and
+    passed along a wild moorish tract of land till we arrived at the shore.
+    There we found good verdure, and some curious whin-rocks, or collections
+    of stones like the ruins of the foundations of old buildings. We saw
+    also three Cairns of considerable size.
+</p>
+<p>
+    About a mile beyond Broadfoot, is Corrichatachin, a farm of Sir
+    Alexander Macdonald's, possessed by Mr. M'Kinnon<a href="#note-468">[468]</a>, who received us
+    with a hearty welcome, as did his wife, who was what we call in Scotland
+    a <i>lady-like</i> woman. Mr. Pennant in the course of his tour to the
+    Hebrides, passed two nights at this gentleman's house. On its being
+    mentioned, that a present had here been made to him of a curious
+    specimen of Highland antiquity, Dr. Johnson said, 'Sir, it was more than
+    he deserved; the dog is a Whig<a href="#note-469">[469]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We here enjoyed the comfort of a table plentifully furnished<a href="#note-470">[470]</a>, the
+    satisfaction of which was heightened by a numerous and cheerful company;
+    and we for the first time had a specimen of the joyous social manners of
+    the inhabitants of the Highlands. They talked in their own ancient
+    language, with fluent vivacity, and sung many Erse songs with such
+    spirit, that, though Dr. Johnson was treated with the greatest respect
+    and attention, there were moments in which he seemed to be forgotten.
+    For myself, though but a <i>Lowlander</i>, having picked up a few words of
+    the language, I presumed to mingle in their mirth, and joined in the
+    choruses with as much glee as any of the company. Dr. Johnson being
+    fatigued with his journey, retired early to his chamber, where he
+    composed the following Ode, addressed to Mrs. Thrale<a href="#note-471">[471]</a>:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     ODA.
+
+     Permeo terras, ubi nuda rupes
+     Saxeas miscet nebulis ruinas,
+     Torva ubi rident steriles coloni
+     Rura labores.
+
+     Pervagor gentes, hominum ferorum
+     Vita ubi nullo decorata cultu
+     Squallet informis, tugurique fumis
+     Foeda latescit.
+
+     Inter erroris salebrosa longi,
+     Inter ignotae strepitus loquelae,
+     Quot modis mecum, quid agat, requiro,
+     Thralia dulcis?
+
+     Seu viri curas pia nupta mulcet,
+     Seu fovet mater sobolem benigna,
+     Sive cum libris novitate pascet
+     Sedula mentem;
+
+     Sit memor nostri, fideique merces,
+     Stet fides constans, meritoque blandum
+     Thraliae discant resonare nomen
+     Littora Skiae.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Scriptum in Skiá, Sept. 6, 1773<a href="#note-472">[472]</a>.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_31"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson was much pleased with his entertainment here. There were
+    many good books in the house: <i>Hector Boethius</i> in Latin; Cave's <i>Lives
+    of the Fathers</i>; Baker's <i>Chronicle</i>; Jeremy Collier's <i>Church History</i>;
+    Dr. Johnson's small <i>Dictionary</i>; Craufurd's <i>Officers of State</i>, and
+    several more<a href="#note-473">[473]</a>:&mdash;a mezzotinto of Mrs. Brooks the actress (by some
+    strange chance in Sky<a href="#note-474">[474]</a>), and also a print of Macdonald of
+    Clanranald<a href="#note-475">[475]</a>, with a Latin inscription about the cruelties after the
+    battle of Culloden, which will never be forgotten.
+</p>
+<p>
+    It was a very wet stormy day; we were therefore obliged to remain here,
+    it being impossible to cross the sea to Rasay.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I employed a part of the forenoon in writing this Journal. The rest of
+    it was somewhat dreary, from the gloominess of the weather, and the
+    uncertain state which we were in, as we could not tell but it might
+    clear up every hour. Nothing is more painful to the mind than a state of
+    suspence, especially when it depends upon the weather, concerning which
+    there can be so little calculation. As Dr. Johnson said of our weariness
+    on the Monday at Aberdeen, 'Sensation is sensation<a href="#note-476">[476]</a>:'
+    Corrichatachin, which was last night a hospitable house, was, in my
+    mind, changed to-day into a prison. After dinner I read some of Dr.
+    Macpherson's <i>Dissertations on the Ancient Caledonians</i><a href="#note-477">[477]</a>. I was
+    disgusted by the unsatisfactory conjectures as to antiquity, before the
+    days of record. I was happy when tea came. Such, I take it, is the state
+    of those who live in the country. Meals are wished for from the cravings
+    of vacuity of mind, as well as from the desire of eating. I was hurt to
+    find even such a temporary feebleness, and that I was so far from being
+    that robust wise man who is sufficient for his own happiness. I felt a
+    kind of lethargy of indolence. I did not exert myself to get Dr. Johnson
+    to talk, that I might not have the labour of writing down his
+    conversation. He enquired here if there were any remains of the second
+    sight<a href="#note-478">[478]</a>. Mr. M'Pherson, Minister of Slate, said, he was <i>resolved</i>
+    not to believe it, because it was founded on no principle<a href="#note-479">[479]</a>. JOHNSON.
+    'There are many things then, which we are sure are true, that you will
+    not believe. What principle is there, why a loadstone attracts iron? why
+    an egg produces a chicken by heat? why a tree grows upwards, when the
+    natural tendency of all things is downwards? Sir, it depends upon the
+    degree of evidence that you have.' Young Mr. M'Kinnon mentioned one
+    M'Kenzie, who is still alive, who had often fainted in his presence, and
+    when he recovered, mentioned visions which had been presented to him. He
+    told Mr. M'Kinnon, that at such a place he should meet a funeral, and
+    that such and such people would be the bearers, naming four; and three
+    weeks afterwards he saw what M'Kenzie had predicted. The naming the very
+    spot in a country where a funeral comes a long way, and the very people
+    as bearers, when there are so many out of whom a choice may be made,
+    seems extraordinary. We should have sent for M'Kenzie, had we not been
+    informed that he could speak no English. Besides, the facts were not
+    related with sufficient accuracy.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mrs. M'Kinnon, who is a daughter of old Kingsburgh, told us that her
+    father was one day riding in Sky, and some women, who were at work in a
+    field on the side of the road, said to him they had heard two <i>taiscks</i>,
+    (that is, two voices of persons about to die<a href="#note-480">[480]</a>,) and what was
+    remarkable, one of them was an <i>English taisck</i>, which they never heard
+    before. When he returned, he at that very place met two funerals, and
+    one of them was that of a woman who had come from the main land, and
+    could speak only English. This, she remarked, made a great impression
+    upon her father.
+</p>
+<p>
+    How all the people here were lodged, I know not. It was partly done by
+    separating man and wife, and putting a number of men in one room, and of
+    women in another.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_32"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 8.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    When I waked, the rain was much heavier than yesterday; but the wind had
+    abated. By breakfast, the day was better, and in a little while it was
+    calm and clear. I felt my spirits much elated. The propriety of the
+    expression, '<i>the sunshine of the breast</i><a href="#note-481">[481]</a>,' now struck me with
+    peculiar force; for the brilliant rays penetrated into my very soul. We
+    were all in better humour than before. Mrs. M'Kinnon, with unaffected
+    hospitality and politeness, expressed her happiness in having such
+    company in her house, and appeared to understand and relish Dr.
+    Johnson's conversation, as indeed all the company seemed to do. When I
+    knew she was old Kingsburgh's daughter, I did not wonder at the good
+    appearance which she made.
+</p>
+<p>
+    She talked as if her husband and family would emigrate, rather than be
+    oppressed by their landlord; and said, 'how agreeable would it be, if
+    these gentlemen should come in upon us when we are in America.' Somebody
+    observed that Sir Alexander Macdonald was always frightened at sea.
+    JOHNSON. '<i>He</i> is frightened at sea; and his tenants are frightened when
+    he comes to land.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We resolved to set out directly after breakfast. We had about two miles
+    to ride to the sea-side, and there we expected to get one of the boats
+    belonging to the fleet of bounty<a href="#note-482">[482]</a> herring-busses then on the coast,
+    or at least a good country fishing-boat. But while we were preparing to
+    set out, there arrived a man with the following card from the Reverend
+    Mr. Donald M'Queen:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Mr. M'Queen's compliments to Mr. Boswell, and begs leave to acquaint
+    him that, fearing the want of a proper boat, as much as the rain of
+    yesterday, might have caused a stop, he is now at Skianwden with
+    Macgillichallum's<a href="#note-483">[483]</a> carriage, to convey him and Dr. Johnson to Rasay,
+    where they will meet with a most hearty welcome, and where. Macleod,
+    being on a visit, now attends their motions.' 'Wednesday afternoon.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    This card was most agreeable; it was a prologue to that hospitable and
+    truly polite reception which we found at Rasay. In a little while
+    arrived Mr. Donald M'Queen himself; a decent minister, an elderly man
+    with his own black hair, courteous, and rather slow of speech, but
+    candid, sensible, and well informed, nay learned. Along with him came,
+    as our pilot, a gentleman whom I had a great desire to see, Mr. Malcolm
+    Macleod, one of the Rasay family, celebrated in the year 1745-6. He was
+    now sixty-two years of age, hale, and well proportioned,&mdash;with a manly
+    countenance, tanned by the weather, yet having a ruddiness in his
+    cheeks, over a great part of which his rough beard extended. His eye was
+    quick and lively, yet his look was not fierce, but he appeared at once
+    firm and good-humoured. He wore a pair of brogues<a href="#note-484">[484]</a>,&mdash;Tartan hose
+    which came up only near to his knees, and left them bare,&mdash;a purple
+    camblet kilt<a href="#note-485">[485]</a>,&mdash;a black waistcoat,&mdash;a short green cloth coat bound
+    with gold cord,&mdash;a yellowish bushy wig,&mdash;a large blue bonnet with a gold
+    thread button. I never saw a figure that gave a more perfect
+    representation of a Highland gentleman. I wished much to have a picture
+    of him just as he was. I found him frank and <i>polite</i>, in the true sense
+    of the word.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The good family at Corrichatachin said, they hoped to see us on our
+    return. We rode down to the shore; but Malcolm walked with
+    graceful agility.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We got into Rasay's <i>carriage</i>, which was a good strong open boat made
+    in Norway. The wind had now risen pretty high, and was against us; but
+    we had four stout rowers, particularly a Macleod, a robust black-haired
+    fellow, half naked, and bare-headed, something between a wild Indian and
+    an English tar. Dr. Johnson sat high, on the stern, like a magnificent
+    Triton. Malcolm sung an Erse song, the chorus of which was '<i>Hatyin foam
+    foam eri</i>', with words of his own<a href="#note-486">[486]</a>. The tune resembled '<i>Owr the
+    muir amang the heather</i>'. The boatmen and Mr. M'Queen chorused, and all
+    went well. At length Malcolm himself took an oar, and rowed vigorously.
+    We sailed along the coast of Scalpa, a rugged island, about four miles
+    in length. Dr. Johnson proposed that he and I should buy it, and found a
+    good school, and an episcopal church, (Malcolm<a href="#note-487">[487]</a> said, he would come
+    to it,) and have a printing-press, where he would print all the Erse
+    that could be found.  Here I was strongly struck with our long
+    projected scheme of visiting the Hebrides being realized<a href="#note-488">[488]</a>. I called
+    to him, 'We are contending with seas;' which I think were the words of
+    one of his letters to me<a href="#note-489">[489]</a>. 'Not much,' said he; and though the wind
+    made the sea lash considerably upon us, he was not discomposed. After we
+    were out of the shelter of Scalpa, and in the sound between it and
+    Rasay, which extended about a league, the wind made the sea very
+    rough<a href="#note-490">[490]</a>. I did not like it. JOHNSON. 'This now is the Atlantick. If I
+    should tell at a tea table in London, that I have crossed the Atlantick
+    in an open boat, how they'd shudder, and what a fool they'd think me to
+    expose myself to such danger?' He then repeated Horace's ode,&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Otium Divos rogat in patenti
+      Prensus Aegaeo&mdash;&mdash;<a href="#note-491">[491]</a>'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    In the confusion and hurry of this boisterous sail, Dr. Johnson's spurs,
+    of which Joseph had charge, were carried over-board into the sea, and
+    lost<a href="#note-492">[492]</a>. This was the first misfortune that had befallen us. Dr.
+    Johnson was a little angry at first, observing that 'there was something
+    wild in letting a pair of spurs be carried into the sea out of a boat;'
+    but then he remarked, 'that, as Janes the naturalist had said upon
+    losing his pocket-book, it was rather an inconvenience than a loss.' He
+    told us, he now recollected that he dreamt the night before, that he put
+    his staff into a river, and chanced to let it go, and it was carried
+    down the stream and lost. 'So now you see, (said he,) that I have lost
+    my spurs; and this story is better than many of those which we have
+    concerning second sight and dreams.' Mr. M'Queen said he did not believe
+    the second sight; that he never met with any well attested instances;
+    and if he should, he should impute them to chance; because all who
+    pretend to that quality often fail in their predictions, though they
+    take a great scope, and sometimes interpret literally, sometimes
+    figuratively, so as to suit the events. He told us, that, since he came
+    to be minister of the parish where he now is, the belief of witchcraft,
+    or charms, was very common, insomuch that he had many prosecutions
+    before his <i>session</i> (the parochial ecclesiastical court) against women,
+    for having by these means carried off the milk from people's cows. He
+    disregarded them; and there is not now the least vestige of that
+    superstition. He preached against it; and in order to give a strong
+    proof to the people that there was nothing in it, he said from the
+    pulpit that every woman in the parish was welcome to take the milk from
+    his cows, provided she did not touch them<a href="#note-493">[493]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson asked him as to <i>Fingal</i>. He said he could repeat some
+    passages in the original, that he heard his grandfather had a copy of
+    it; but that he could not affirm that Ossian composed all that poem as
+    it is now published. This came pretty much to what Dr. Johnson had
+    maintained<a href="#note-494">[494]</a>; though he goes farther, and contends that it is no
+    better than such an epick poem as he could make from the song of Robin
+    Hood<a href="#note-495">[495]</a>; that is to say, that, except a few passages, there is nothing
+    truly ancient but the names and some vague traditions. Mr. M'Queen
+    alleged that Homer was made up of detached fragments. Dr. Johnson denied
+    this; observing, that it had been one work originally, and that you
+    could not put a book of the <i>Iliad</i> out of its place; and he believed
+    the same might be said of the <i>Odyssey</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The approach to Rasay was very pleasing. We saw before us a beautiful
+    bay, well defended by a rocky coast; a good family mansion; a fine
+    verdure about it,&mdash;with a considerable number of trees;&mdash;and beyond it
+    hills and mountains in gradation of wildness. Our boatmen sung with
+    great spirit. Dr. Johnson observed, that naval musick was very ancient.
+    As we came near the shore, the singing of our rowers was succeeded by
+    that of reapers, who were busy at work, and who seemed to shout as much
+    as to sing, while they worked with a bounding activity<a href="#note-496">[496]</a>. Just as we
+    landed, I observed a cross, or rather the ruins of one, upon a rock,
+    which had to me a pleasing vestige of religion. I perceived a large
+    company coming out from the house. We met them as we walked up. There
+    were Rasay himself; his brother Dr. Macleod; his nephew the Laird of
+    M'Kinnon; the Laird of Macleod; Colonel Macleod of Talisker, an officer
+    in the Dutch service, a very genteel man, and a faithful branch of the
+    family; Mr. Macleod of Muiravenside, best known by the name of Sandie
+    Macleod, who was long in exile on account of the part which he took in
+    1745; and several other persons. We were welcomed upon the green, and
+    conducted into the house, where we were introduced to Lady Rasay, who
+    was surrounded by a numerous family, consisting of three sons and ten
+    daughters. The Laird of Rasay is a sensible, polite, and most hospitable
+    gentleman. I was told that his island of Rasay, and that of Rona, (from
+    which the eldest son of the family has his title,) and a considerable
+    extent of land which he has in Sky, do not altogether yield him a very
+    large revenue<a href="#note-497">[497]</a>: and yet he lives in great splendour; and so far is
+    he from distressing his people, that, in the present rage for
+    emigration, not a man has left his estate.  It was past six o'clock
+    when we arrived. Some excellent brandy was served round immediately,
+    according to the custom of the Highlands, where a dram is generally
+    taken every day. They call it a <i>scalch</i><a href="#note-498">[498]</a>. On a side-board was
+    placed for us, who had come off the sea, a substantial dinner, and a
+    variety of wines. Then we had coffee and tea. I observed in the room
+    several elegantly bound books, and other marks of improved life. Soon
+    afterwards a fidler appeared, and a little ball began. Rasay himself
+    danced with as much spirit as any man, and Malcolm bounded like a roe.
+    Sandie Macleod, who has at times an excessive flow of spirits, and had
+    it now, was, in his days of absconding, known by the name of
+    <i>M'Cruslick</i><a href="#note-499">[499]</a>, which it seems was the designation of a kind of
+    wild man in the Highlands, something between Proteus and Don Quixote;
+    and so he was called here. He made much jovial noise. Dr. Johnson was so
+    delighted with this scene, that he said, 'I know not how we shall get
+    away.' It entertained me to observe him sitting by, while we danced,
+    sometimes in deep meditation,&mdash;sometimes smiling complacently,&mdash;sometimes
+    looking upon Hooke's <i>Roman History</i>,&mdash;and sometimes talking a
+    little, amidst the noise of the ball, to Mr. Donald M'Queen, who
+    anxiously gathered knowledge from him. He was pleased with M'Queen, and
+    said to me, 'This is a critical man, Sir. There must be great vigour of
+    mind to make him cultivate learning so much in the isle of Sky, where
+    he might do without it. It is wonderful how many of the new publications
+    he has. There must be a snatch of every opportunity.' Mr. M'Queen told
+    me that his brother (who is the fourth generation of the family
+    following each other as ministers of the parish of Snizort,) and he
+    joined together, and bought from time to time such books as had
+    reputation. Soon after we came in, a black cock and grey hen, which had
+    been shot, were shewn, with their feathers on, to Dr. Johnson, who had
+    never seen that species of bird before. We had a company of thirty at
+    supper; and all was good humour and gaiety, without intemperance.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_33"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 9.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    At breakfast this morning, among a profusion of other things, there were
+    oat-cakes, made of what is called <i>graddaned</i> meal, that is, meal made
+    of grain separated from the husks, and toasted by fire, instead of being
+    threshed and kiln-dried. This seems to be bad management, as so much
+    fodder is consumed by it. Mr. M'Queen however defended it, by saying,
+    that it is doing the thing much quicker, as one operation effects what
+    is otherwise done by two. His chief reason however was, that the
+    servants in Sky are, according to him, a faithless pack, and steal what
+    they can; so that much is saved by the corn passing but once through
+    their hands, as at each time they pilfer some. It appears to me, that
+    the gradaning is a strong proof of the laziness of the Highlanders, who
+    will rather make fire act for them, at the expence of fodder, than
+    labour themselves. There was also, what I cannot help disliking at
+    breakfast, cheese: it is the custom over all the Highlands to have it;
+    and it often smells very strong, and poisons to a certain degree the
+    elegance of an Indian repast<a href="#note-500">[500]</a>. The day was showery; however, Rasay
+    and I took a walk, and had some cordial conversation. I conceived a more
+    than ordinary regard for this worthy gentleman. His family has possessed
+    this island above four hundred years<a href="#note-501">[501]</a>. It is the remains of the
+    estate of Macleod of Lewis, whom he represents. When we returned, Dr.
+    Johnson walked with us to see the old chapel. He was in fine spirits. He
+    said,' This is truly the patriarchal life: this is what we came to
+    find.'  After dinner, M'Cruslick, Malcolm, and I, went out with guns,
+    to try if we could find any black-cock; but we had no sport, owing to a
+    heavy rain. I saw here what is called a Danish fort. Our evening was
+    passed as last night was. One of our company, I was told, had hurt
+    himself by too much study, particularly of infidel metaphysicians; of
+    which he gave a proof, on second sight being mentioned. He immediately
+    retailed some of the fallacious arguments of Voltaire and Hume against
+    miracles in general. Infidelity in a Highland gentleman appeared to me
+    peculiarly offensive. I was sorry for him, as he had otherwise a good
+    character. I told Dr. Johnson that he had studied himself into
+    infidelity. JOHNSON. 'Then he must study himself out of it again. That
+    is the way. Drinking largely will sober him again.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_34"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 10.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Having resolved to explore the Island of Rasay, which could be done only
+    on foot, I last night obtained my fellow-traveller's permission to leave
+    him for a day, he being unable to take so hardy a walk. Old Mr. Malcolm
+    M'Cleod, who had obligingly promised to accompany me, was at my bed-side
+    between five and six. I sprang up immediately, and he and I, attended by
+    two other gentlemen, traversed the country during the whole of this day.
+    Though we had passed over not less than four-and-twenty miles of very
+    rugged ground, and had a Highland dance on the top of <i>Dun Can</i>, the
+    highest mountain in the island, we returned in the evening not at all
+    fatigued, and piqued ourselves at not being outdone at the nightly ball
+    by our less active friends, who had remained at home.
+</p>
+<p>
+    My survey of Rasay did not furnish much which can interest my readers; I
+    shall therefore put into as short a compass as I can, the observations
+    upon it, which I find registered in my journal. It is about fifteen
+    English miles long, and four broad. On the south side is the laird's
+    family seat, situated on a pleasing low spot. The old tower of three
+    stories, mentioned by Martin, was taken down soon after 1746, and a
+    modern house supplies its place. There are very good grass-fields and
+    corn-lands about it, well-dressed. I observed, however, hardly any
+    inclosures, except a good garden plentifully stocked with vegetables,
+    and strawberries, raspberries, currants, &amp;c.
+</p>
+<p>
+    On one of the rocks just where we landed, which are not high, there is
+    rudely carved a square, with a crucifix in the middle. Here, it is said,
+    the Lairds of Rasay, in old times, used to offer up their devotions. I
+    could not approach the spot, without a grateful recollection of the
+    event commemorated by this symbol.
+</p>
+<p>
+    A little from the shore, westward, is a kind of subterraneous house.
+    There has been a natural fissure, or separation of the rock, running
+    towards the sea, which has been roofed over with long stones, and above
+    them turf has been laid. In that place the inhabitants used to keep
+    their oars. There are a number of trees near the house, which grow well;
+    some of them of a pretty good size. They are mostly plane and ash. A
+    little to the west of the house is an old ruinous chapel, unroofed,
+    which never has been very curious. We here saw some human bones of an
+    uncommon size. There was a heel-bone, in particular, which Dr. Macleod
+    said was such, that if the foot was in proportion, it must have been
+    twenty-seven inches long. Dr. Johnson would not look at the bones. He
+    started back from them with a striking appearance of horrour<a href="#note-502">[502]</a>. Mr.
+    M'Queen told us it was formerly much the custom, in these isles, to have
+    human bones lying above ground, especially in the windows of churches.
+    On the south of the chapel is the family burying-place. Above the door,
+    on the east end of it, is a small bust or image of the Virgin Mary,
+    carved upon a stone which makes part of the wall. There is no church
+    upon the island. It is annexed to one of the parishes of Sky; and the
+    minister comes and preaches either in Rasay's house, or some other
+    house, on certain Sundays. I could not but value the family seat more,
+    for having even the ruins of a chapel close to it. There was something
+    comfortable in the thought of being so near a piece of consecrated
+    ground.<a href="#note-503">[503]</a> Dr. Johnson said, 'I look with reverence upon every place
+    that has been set apart for religion;' and he kept off his hat while he
+    was within the walls of the chapel<a href="#note-504">[504]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The eight crosses, which Martin mentions as pyramids for deceased
+    ladies, stood in a semicircular line, which contained within it the
+    chapel. They marked out the boundaries of the sacred territory within
+    which an asylum was to be had. One of them, which we observed upon our
+    landing, made the first point of the semicircle. There are few of them
+    now remaining. A good way farther north, there is a row of buildings
+    about four feet high; they run from the shore on the east along the top
+    of a pretty high eminence, and so down to the shore on the west, in much
+    the same direction with the crosses. Rasay took them to be the marks for
+    the asylum; but Malcolm thought them to be false sentinels, a common
+    deception, of which instances occur in Martin, to make invaders imagine
+    an island better guarded. Mr. Donald M'Queen, justly in my opinion,
+    supposed the crosses which form the inner circle to be the church's
+    land-marks.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The south end of the island is much covered with large stones or rocky
+    strata. The laird has enclosed and planted part of it with firs, and he
+    shewed me a considerable space marked out for additional plantations.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>Dun Can</i> is a mountain three computed miles from the laird's house. The
+    ascent to it is by consecutive risings, if that expression may be used
+    when vallies intervene, so that there is but a short rise at once; but
+    it is certainly very high above the sea. The palm of altitude is
+    disputed for by the people of Rasay and those of Sky; the former
+    contending for Dun Can, the latter for the mountains in Sky, over
+    against it. We went up the east side of Dun Can pretty easily. It is
+    mostly rocks all around, the points of which hem the summit of it.
+    Sailors, to whom it was a good object as they pass along, call it
+    Rasay's cap. Before we reached this mountain, we passed by two lakes. Of
+    the first, Malcolm told me a strange fabulous tradition. He said, there
+    was a wild beast in it, a sea horse, which came and devoured a man's
+    daughter; upon which the man lighted a great fire, and had a sow roasted
+    at it, the smell of which attracted the monster. In the fire was put a
+    spit. The man lay concealed behind a low wall of loose stones, and he
+    had an avenue formed for the monster, with two rows of large flat
+    stones, which extended from the fire over the summit of the hill, till
+    it reached the side of the loch. The monster came, and the man with the
+    red-hot spit destroyed it. Malcolm shewed me the little hiding-place,
+    and the rows of stones. He did not laugh when he told this story. I
+    recollect having seen in the <i>Scots Magazine</i>, several years ago, a poem
+    upon a similar tale, perhaps the same, translated from the Erse, or
+    Irish, called <i>Albin and the Daughter of Mey</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    There is a large tract of land, possessed as a common, in Rasay. They
+    have no regulations as to the number of cattle. Every man puts upon it
+    as many as he chooses. From Dun Can northward, till you reach the other
+    end of the island, there is much good natural pasture unincumbered by
+    stones. We passed over a spot, which is appropriated for the exercising
+    ground. In 1745, a hundred fighting men were reviewed here, as Malcolm
+    told me, who was one of the officers that led them to the field<a href="#note-505">[505]</a>.
+    They returned home all but about fourteen. What a princely thing is it
+    to be able to furnish such a band! Rasay has the true spirit of a chief.
+    He is, without exaggeration, a father to his people.
+</p>
+<p>
+    There is plenty of lime-stone in the island, a great quarry of
+    free-stone, and some natural woods, but none of any age, as they cut the
+    trees for common country uses. The lakes, of which there are many, are
+    well stocked with trout. Malcolm catched one of four-and-twenty pounds
+    weight in the loch next to Dun Can, which, by the way, is certainly a
+    Danish name, as most names of places in these islands are.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The old castle, in which the family of Rasay formerly resided, is
+    situated upon a rock very near the sea. The rock is not one mass of
+    stone, but a concretion of pebbles and earth, so firm that it does not
+    appear to have mouldered. In this remnant of antiquity I found nothing
+    worthy of being noticed, except a certain accommodation rarely to be
+    found at the modern houses of Scotland, and which Dr. Johnson and I
+    sought for in vain at the Laird of Rasay's new built mansion, where
+    nothing else was wanting. I took the liberty to tell the Laird it was a
+    shame there should be such a deficiency in civilized times. He
+    acknowledged the justice of the remark. But perhaps some generations may
+    pass before the want is supplied. Dr. Johnson observed to me, how
+    quietly people will endure an evil, which they might at any time very
+    easily remedy; and mentioned as an instance, that the present family of
+    Rasay had possessed the island for more than four hundred years, and
+    never made a commodious landing place, though a few men with pickaxes
+    might have cut an ascent of stairs out of any part of the rock in a
+    week's time<a href="#note-506">[506]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The north end of Rasay is as rocky as the south end. From it I saw the
+    little isle of Fladda, belonging to Rasay, all fine green ground;&mdash;and
+    Rona, which is of so rocky a soil that it appears to be a pavement. I
+    was told however that it has a great deal of grass in the interstices.
+    The Laird has it all in his own hands. At this end of the island of
+    Rasay is a cave in a striking situation. It is in a recess of a great
+    cleft, a good way up from the sea. Before it the ocean roars, being
+    dashed against monstrous broken rocks; grand and aweful <i>propugnacula</i>.
+    On the right hand of it is a longitudinal cave, very low at the
+    entrance, but higher as you advance. The sea having scooped it out, it
+    seems strange and unaccountable that the interior part, where the water
+    must have operated with less force, should be loftier than that which is
+    more immediately exposed to its violence. The roof of it is all covered
+    with a kind of petrifications formed by drops, which perpetually distil
+    from it. The first cave has been a place of much safety. I find a great
+    difficulty in describing visible objects<a href="#note-507">[507]</a>. I must own too that the
+    old castle and cave, like many other things of which one hears much, did
+    not answer my expectations. People are every where apt to magnify the
+    curiosities of their country.
+</p>
+<p>
+    This island has abundance of black cattle, sheep, and goats;&mdash;a good
+    many horses, which are used for ploughing, carrying out dung, and other
+    works of husbandry. I believe the people never ride. There are indeed no
+    roads through the island, unless a few detached beaten tracks deserve
+    that name. Most of the houses are upon the shore; so that all the people
+    have little boats, and catch fish. There is great plenty of potatoes
+    here. There are black-cock in extraordinary abundance, moorfowl, plover
+    and wild pigeons, which seemed to me to be the same as we have in
+    pigeon-houses, in their state of nature. Rasay has no pigeon-house.
+    There are no hares nor rabbits in the island, nor was there ever known
+    to be a fox<a href="#note-508">[508]</a>, till last year, when one was landed on it by some
+    malicious person, without whose aid he could not have got thither, as
+    that animal is known to be a very bad swimmer. He has done much
+    mischief. There is a great deal of fish caught in the sea round Rasay;
+    it is a place where one may live in plenty, and even in luxury. There
+    are no deer; but Rasay told us he would get some.
+</p>
+<p>
+    They reckon it rains nine months in the year in this island, owing to
+    its being directly opposite to the western<a href="#note-509">[509]</a> coast of Sky, where the
+    watery clouds are broken by high mountains. The hills here, and indeed
+    all the heathy grounds in general, abound with the sweet-smelling plant
+    which the Highlanders call <i>gaul</i>, and (I think) with dwarf juniper in
+    many places. There is enough of turf, which is their fuel, and it is
+    thought there is a mine of coal.&mdash;Such are the observations which I made
+    upon the island of Rasay, upon comparing it with the description given
+    by Martin, whose book we had with us.
+</p>
+<p>
+    There has been an ancient league between the families of Macdonald and
+    Rasay. Whenever the head of either family dies, his sword is given to
+    the head of the other. The present Rasay has the late Sir James
+    Macdonald's sword. Old Rasay joined the Highland army in 1745, but
+    prudently guarded against a forfeiture, by previously conveying his
+    estate to the present gentleman, his eldest son<a href="#note-510">[510]</a>. On that occasion,
+    Sir Alexander, father of the late Sir James Macdonald, was very friendly
+    to his neighbour. 'Don't be afraid, Rasay,' said he; 'I'll use all my
+    interest to keep you safe; and if your estate should be taken, I'll buy
+    it for the family.'&mdash;And he would have done it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Let me now gather some gold dust,&mdash;some more fragments of Dr. Johnson's
+    conversation, without regard to order of time. He said, 'he thought very
+    highly of Bentley; that no man now went so far in the kinds of learning
+    that he cultivated<a href="#note-511">[511]</a>; that the many attacks on him were owing to
+    envy, and to a desire of being known, by being in competition with such
+    a man; that it was safe to attack him, because he never answered his
+    opponents, but let them die away<a href="#note-512">[512]</a>. It was attacking a man who would
+    not beat them, because his beating them would make them live the longer.
+    And he was right not to answer; for, in his hazardous method of writing,
+    he could not but be often enough wrong; so it was better to leave things
+    to their general appearance, than own himself to have erred in
+    particulars.' He said, 'Mallet was the prettiest drest puppet about
+    town, and always kept good company<a href="#note-513">[513]</a>. That, from his way of talking
+    he saw, and always said, that he had not written any part of the <i>Life
+    of the Duke of Marlborough</i>, though perhaps he intended to do it at some
+    time, in which case he was not culpable in taking the pension<a href="#note-514">[514]</a>. That
+    he imagined the Duchess furnished the materials for her <i>Apology</i>, which
+    Hooke wrote, and Hooke furnished the words and the order, and all that
+    in which the art of writing consists. That the duchess had not superior
+    parts, but was a bold frontless woman, who knew how to make the most of
+    her opportunities in life. That Hooke got a <i>large</i> sum of money for
+    writing her <i>Apology</i><a href="#note-515">[515]</a>. That he wondered Hooke should have been weak
+    enough to insert so profligate a maxim, as that to tell another's secret
+    to one's friend is no breach of confidence<a href="#note-516">[516]</a>; though perhaps Hooke,
+    who was a virtuous man<a href="#note-517">[517]</a>, as his <i>History</i> shews, and did not wish
+    her well, though he wrote her <i>Apology</i>, might see its ill tendency, and
+    yet insert it at her desire. He was acting only ministerially.' I
+    apprehended, however, that Hooke was bound to give his best advice. I
+    speak as a lawyer. Though I have had clients whose causes I could not,
+    as a private man, approve; yet, if I undertook them, I would not do any
+    thing that might be prejudicial to them, even at their desire, without
+    warning them of their danger.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_35"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 11.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    It was a storm of wind and rain; so we could not set out. I wrote some
+    of this <i>Journal</i>, and talked a while with Dr. Johnson in his room, and
+    passed the day, I cannot well say how, but very pleasantly. I was here
+    amused to find Mr. Cumberland's comedy of the <i>Fashionable Lover</i><a href="#note-518">[518]</a>,
+    in which he has very well drawn a Highland character, Colin M'Cleod, of
+    the same name with the family under whose roof we now were. Dr. Johnson
+    was much pleased with the Laird of Macleod, who is indeed a most
+    promising youth, and with a noble spirit struggles with difficulties,
+    and endeavours to preserve his people. He has been left with an
+    incumbrance of forty thousand pounds debt, and annuities to the amount
+    of thirteen hundred pounds a year. Dr. Johnson said, 'If he gets the
+    better of all this, he'll be a hero; and I hope he will<a href="#note-519">[519]</a>. I have
+    not met with a young man who had more desire to learn, or who has learnt
+    more. I have seen nobody that I wish more to do a kindness to than
+    Macleod.' Such was the honourable elogium, on this young chieftain,
+    pronounced by an accurate observer, whose praise was never
+    lightly bestowed.
+</p>
+<p>
+    There is neither justice of peace, nor constable in Rasay. Sky has Mr.
+    M'Cleod of Ulinish, who is the sheriff substitute, and no other justice
+    of peace. The want of the execution of justice is much felt among the
+    islanders. Macleod very sensibly observed, that taking away the
+    heritable jurisdictions<a href="#note-520">[520]</a> had not been of such service in the islands
+    as was imagined. They had not authority enough in lieu of them. What
+    could formerly have been settled at once, must now either take much time
+    and trouble, or be neglected. Dr. Johnson said, 'A country is in a bad
+    state which is governed only by laws; because a thousand things occur
+    for which laws cannot provide, and where authority ought to interpose.
+    Now destroying the authority of the chiefs set the people loose. It did
+    not pretend to bring any positive good, but only to cure some evil; and
+    I am not well enough acquainted with the country to know what degree of
+    evil the heritable jurisdictions occasioned<a href="#note-521">[521]</a>.' I maintained hardly
+    any; because the chiefs generally acted right, for their own sakes.
+    Dr. Johnson was now wishing to move. There was not enough of
+    intellectual entertainment for him, after he had satisfied his
+    curiosity, which he did, by asking questions, till he had exhausted the
+    island; and where there was so numerous a company, mostly young people,
+    there was such a flow of familiar talk, so much noise, and so much
+    singing and dancing, that little opportunity was left for his energetick
+    conversation<a href="#note-522">[522]</a>. He seemed sensible of this; for when I told him how
+    happy they were at having him there, he said, 'Yet we have not been able
+    to entertain them much.' I was fretted, from irritability of nerves, by
+    M'Cruslick's too obstreperous mirth. I complained of it to my friend,
+    observing we should be better if he was, gone. 'No, Sir (said he). He
+    puts something into our society, and takes nothing out of it.' Dr.
+    Johnson, however, had several opportunities of instructing the company;
+    but I am sorry to say, that I did not pay sufficient attention to what
+    passed, as his discourse now turned chiefly on mechanicks, agriculture
+    and such subjects, rather than on science and wit. Last night Lady Rasay
+    shewed him the operation of <i>wawking</i> cloth, that is, thickening it in
+    the same manner as is done by a mill. Here it is performed by women, who
+    kneel upon the ground, and rub it with both their hands, singing an Erse
+    song all the time. He was asking questions while they were performing
+    this operation, and, amidst their loud and wild howl, his voice was
+    heard even in the room above<a href="#note-523">[523]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    They dance here every night. The queen of our ball was the eldest Miss
+    Macleod, of Rasay, an elegant well-bred woman, and celebrated for her
+    beauty over all those regions, by the name of Miss Flora Rasay<a href="#note-524">[524]</a>.
+    There seemed to be no jealousy, no discontent among them; and the gaiety
+    of the scene was such, that I for a moment doubted whether unhappiness
+    had any place in Rasay. But my delusion was soon dispelled, by
+    recollecting the following lines of my fellow-traveller:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Yet hope not life from pain or danger free,
+      Or think the doom of man revers'd for thee<a href="#note-525">[525]</a>!'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<a name="2H_4_36"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 12.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    It was a beautiful day, and although we did not approve of travelling on
+    Sunday, we resolved to set out, as we were in an island from whence one
+    must take occasion as it serves. Macleod and Talisker sailed in a boat
+    of Rasay's for Sconser, to take the shortest way to Dunvegan. M'Cruslick
+    went with them to Sconser, from whence he was to go to Slate, and so to
+    the main land. We were resolved to pay a visit at Kingsburgh, and see
+    the celebrated Miss Flora Macdonald, who is married to the present Mr.
+    Macdonald of Kingsburgh; so took that road, though not so near. All the
+    family, but Lady Rasay, walked down to the shore to see us depart. Rasay
+    himself went with us in a large boat, with eight oars, built in his
+    island<a href="#note-526">[526]</a>; as did Mr. Malcolm M'Cleod, Mr. Donald M'Queen, Dr.
+    Macleod, and some others. We had a most pleasant sail between Rasay and
+    Sky; and passed by a cave, where Martin says fowls were caught by
+    lighting fire in the mouth of it. Malcolm remembers this. But it is not
+    now practised, as few fowls come into it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We spoke of Death. Dr. Johnson on this subject observed, that the
+    boastings of some men, as to dying easily, were idle talk<a href="#note-527">[527]</a>,
+    proceeding from partial views. I mentioned Hawthornden's
+    <i>Cypress-grove</i>, where it is said that the world is a mere show; and
+    that it is unreasonable for a man to wish to continue in the show-room,
+    after he has seen it. Let him go cheerfully out, and give place to other
+    spectators<a href="#note-528">[528]</a>. JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir, if he is sure he is to be well,
+    after he goes out of it. But if he is to grow blind after he goes out of
+    the show-room, and never to see any thing again; or if he does not know
+    whither he is to go next, a man will not go cheerfully out of a
+    show-room. No wise man will be contented to die, if he thinks he is to
+    go into a state of punishment. Nay, no wise man will be contented to
+    die, if he thinks he is to fall into annihilation: for however unhappy
+    any man's existence may be, he yet would rather have it, than not exist
+    at all<a href="#note-529">[529]</a>. No; there is no rational principle by which a man can die
+    contented, but a trust in the mercy of GOD, through the merits of Jesus
+    Christ.' This short sermon, delivered with an earnest tone, in a boat
+    upon the sea, which was perfectly calm, on a day appropriated to
+    religious worship, while every one listened with an air of satisfaction,
+    had a most pleasing effect upon my mind.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Pursuing the same train of serious reflection, he added that it seemed
+    certain that happiness could not be found in this life, because so many
+    had tried to find it, in such a variety of ways, and had not found it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We reached the harbour of Portree, in Sky, which is a large and good
+    one. There was lying in it a vessel to carry off the emigrants called
+    the <i>Nestor</i>. It made a short settlement of the differences between a
+    chief and his clan:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     '&mdash;&mdash;-<i>Nestor</i> componere lites
+      Inter Peleiden festinat &amp; inter Atriden.'<a href="#note-530">[530]</a>
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    We approached her, and she hoisted her colours. Dr. Johnson
+    and Mr. McQueen remained in the boat: Rasay and I, and the
+    rest went on board of her. She was a very pretty vessel, and, as
+    we were told, the largest in Clyde. Mr. Harrison, the captain,
+    shewed her to us. The cabin was commodious, and even elegant.
+    There was a little library, finely bound. <i>Portree</i> has its name
+    from King James the Fifth having landed there in his tour
+    through the Western Isles, <i>Ree</i> in Erse being King, as <i>Re</i> is in
+    Italian; so it is <i>Port Royal</i>. There was here a tolerable inn.
+    On our landing, I had the pleasure of finding a letter from
+    home; and there were also letters to Dr. Johnson and me, from
+    Lord Elibank<a href="#note-531">[531]</a>, which had been sent after us from Edinburgh.
+    His Lordship's letter to me was as follows:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+    'DEAR BOSWELL,
+</center>
+<p>
+    'I flew to Edinburgh the moment I heard of Mr. Johnson's arrival; but so
+    defective was my intelligence, that I came too late. 'It is but justice
+    to believe, that I could never forgive myself, nor deserve to be
+    forgiven by others, if I was to fail in any mark of respect to that very
+    great genius.&mdash;I hold him in the highest veneration; for that very
+    reason I was resolved to take no share in the merit, perhaps guilt, of
+    inticing him to honour this country with a visit.&mdash;I could not persuade
+    myself there was any thing in Scotland worthy to have a Summer of Samuel
+    Johnson bestowed on it; but since he has done us that compliment, for
+    heaven's sake inform me of your motions. I will attend them most
+    religiously; and though I should regret to let Mr. Johnson go a mile out
+    of his way on my account, old as I am,<a href="#note-532">[532]</a> I shall be glad to go five
+    hundred miles to enjoy a day of his company. Have the charity to send a
+    council-post<a href="#note-533">[533]</a> with intelligence; the post does not suit us in the
+    country.&mdash;At any rate write to me. I will attend you in the north, when
+    I shall know where to find you.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     I am,
+     My dear Boswell,
+     Your sincerely
+     Obedient humble servant,
+     'ELIBANK.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    'August 21st, 1773.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    The letter to Dr. Johnson was in these words:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+    'DEAR SIR,
+</center>
+<p>
+    'I was to have kissed your hands at Edinburgh, the moment I heard of
+    you; but you was gone.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I hope my friend Boswell will inform me of your motions. It will be
+    cruel to deprive me an instant of the honour of attending you. As I
+    value you more than any King in Christendom, I will perform that duty
+    with infinitely greater alacrity than any courtier. I can contribute but
+    little to your entertainment; but, my sincere esteem for you gives me
+    some title to the opportunity of expressing it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I dare say you are by this time sensible that things are pretty much
+    the same, as when Buchanan complained of being born <i>solo et seculo
+    inerudito</i>. Let me hear of you, and be persuaded that none of your
+    admirers is more sincerely devoted to you, than,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Dear Sir,
+         Your most obedient,
+             And most humble servant,
+                      'ELIBANK.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson, on the following Tuesday, answered for both of us, thus:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'My LORD, 'On the rugged shore of Skie, I had the honour of your
+    Lordship's letter, and can with great truth declare, that no place is so
+    gloomy but that it would be cheered by such a testimony of regard, from
+    a mind so well qualified to estimate characters, and to deal out
+    approbation in its due proportions. If I have more than my share, it is
+    your Lordship's fault; for I have always reverenced your judgment too
+    much, to exalt myself in your presence by any false pretensions.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Mr. Boswell and I are at present at the disposal of the winds, and
+    therefore cannot fix the time at which we shall have the honour of
+    seeing your lordship. But we should either of us think ourselves injured
+    by the supposition that we would miss your lordship's conversation, when
+    we could enjoy it; for I have often declared that I never met you
+    without going away a wiser man.<a href="#note-534">[534]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+    'I am, my Lord,
+     Your Lordship's most obedient
+     And most humble servant,
+     Skie, Sept. 14, 1773.'   'SAM. JOHNSON.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    At Portree, Mr. Donald McQueen went to church and officiated in Erse,
+    and then came to dinner. Dr. Johnson and I resolved that we should treat
+    the company, so I played the landlord, or master of the feast, having
+    previously ordered Joseph to pay the bill.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Sir James Macdonald intended to have built a village here, which would
+    have done great good. A village is like a heart to a country. It
+    produces a perpetual circulation, and gives the people an opportunity to
+    make profit of many little articles, which would otherwise be in a good
+    measure lost. We had here a dinner, <i>et praeterea nihil</i>. Dr. Johnson
+    did not talk. When we were about to depart, we found that Rasay had been
+    beforehand with us, and that all was paid: I would fain have contested
+    this matter with him, but seeing him resolved, I declined it. We parted
+    with cordial embraces from him and worthy Malcolm. In the evening Dr.
+    Johnson and I remounted our horses, accompanied by Mr. McQueen and Dr.
+    Macleod. It rained very hard. We rode what they call six miles, upon
+    Rasay's lands in Sky, to Dr. Macleod's house. On the road Dr. Johnson
+    appeared to be somewhat out of spirits. When I talked of our meeting
+    Lord Elibank, he said, 'I cannot be with him much. I long to be again in
+    civilized life; but can stay but a short while;' (he meant at
+    Edinburgh.) He said, 'let us go to Dunvegan to-morrow.' 'Yes, (said I,)
+    if it is not a deluge.' 'At any rate,' he replied. This shewed a kind of
+    fretful impatience; nor was it to be wondered at, considering our
+    disagreeable ride. I feared he would give up Mull and Icolmkill, for he
+    said something of his apprehensions of being detained by bad weather in
+    going to Mull and <i>Iona</i>. However I hoped well. We had a dish of tea at
+    Dr. Macleod's, who had a pretty good house, where was his brother, a
+    half-pay officer. His lady was a polite, agreeable woman. Dr. Johnson
+    said, he was glad to see that he was so well married, for he had an
+    esteem for physicians.<a href="#note-535">[535]</a> The doctor accompanied us to Kingsburgh,
+    which is called a mile farther; but the computation of Sky has no
+    connection whatever with real distance.<a href="#note-536">[536]</a>  I was highly pleased to
+    see Dr. Johnson safely arrived at Kingsburgh, and received by the
+    hospitable Mr. Macdonald, who, with a most respectful attention,
+    supported him into the house. Kingsburgh was completely the figure of a
+    gallant Highlander,&mdash;exhibiting 'the graceful mien and manly
+    looks<a href="#note-537">[537]</a>,' which our popular Scotch song has justly attributed to that
+    character. He had his Tartan plaid thrown about him, a large blue bonnet
+    with a knot of black ribband like a cockade, a brown short coat of a
+    kind of duffil, a Tartan waistcoat with gold buttons and gold
+    button-holes, a bluish philibeg, and Tartan hose. He had jet black hair
+    tied behind, and was a large stately man, with a steady sensible
+    countenance.
+</p>
+<p>
+    There was a comfortable parlour with a good fire, and a dram went round.
+    By and by supper was served, at which there appeared the lady of the
+    house, the celebrated Miss Flora Macdonald. She is a little woman, of a
+    genteel appearance, and uncommonly mild and well-bred<a href="#note-538">[538]</a>. To see Dr.
+    Samuel Johnson, the great champion of the English Tories, salute Miss
+    Flora Macdonald in the isle of Sky, was a striking sight; for though
+    somewhat congenial in their notions, it was very improbable they should
+    meet here.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Miss Flora Macdonald (for so I shall call her) told me, she heard upon
+    the main land, as she was returning home about a fortnight before, that
+    Mr. Boswell was coming to Sky, and one Mr. Johnson, a young English
+    buck<a href="#note-539">[539]</a>, with him. He was highly entertained with this fancy. Giving
+    an account of the afternoon which we passed, at <i>Anock</i>, he said, 'I,
+    being a <i>buck</i>, had miss<a href="#note-540">[540]</a> in to make tea.' He was rather quiescent
+    to-night, and went early to bed. I was in a cordial humour, and promoted
+    a cheerful glass. The punch was excellent. Honest Mr. M'Queen observed
+    that I was in high glee, 'my <i>governour</i><a href="#note-541">[541]</a> being gone to bed.' Yet in
+    reality my heart was grieved, when I recollected that Kingsburgh was
+    embarrassed in his affairs, and intended to go to America<a href="#note-542">[542]</a>. However,
+    nothing but what was good was present, and I pleased myself in thinking
+    that so spirited a man would be well every where. I slept in the same
+    room with Dr. Johnson. Each had a neat bed, with Tartan curtains, in an
+    upper chamber.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_37"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 13.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    The room where we lay was a celebrated one. Dr. Johnson's bed was the
+    very bed in which the grandson of the unfortunate King James the
+    Second<a href="#note-543">[543]</a> lay, on one of the nights after the failure of his rash
+    attempt in 1745-6, while he was eluding the pursuit of the emissaries of
+    government, which had offered thirty thousand pounds as a reward for
+    apprehending him. To see Dr. Samuel Johnson lying in that bed, in the
+    isle of Sky, in the house of Miss Flora Macdonald, struck me with such a
+    group of ideas as it is not easy for words to describe, as they passed
+    through the mind. He smiled, and said, 'I have had no ambitious thoughts
+    in it<a href="#note-544">[544]</a>.' The room was decorated with a great variety of maps and
+    prints. Among others, was Hogarth's print of Wilkes grinning, with a cap
+    of liberty on a pole by him. That too was a curious circumstance in the
+    scene this morning; such a contrast was Wilkes to the above groupe. It
+    reminded me of Sir William Chambers's <i>Account of Oriental
+    Gardening</i><a href="#note-545">[545]</a>, in which we are told all odd, strange, ugly, and even
+    terrible objects, are introduced for the sake of variety; a wild
+    extravagance of taste which is so well ridiculed in the celebrated
+    Epistle to him<a href="#note-546">[546]</a>. The following lines of that poem immediately
+    occurred to me;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Here too, O king of vengeance! in thy fane,
+      Tremendous Wilkes shall rattle his gold chain<a href="#note-547">[547]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Upon the table in our room I found in the morning a slip of paper, on
+    which Dr. Johnson had written with his pencil these words,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Quantum cedat virtutibus aurum<a href="#note-548">[548]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    What he meant by writing them I could not tell<a href="#note-549">[549]</a>. He had caught cold
+    a day or two ago, and the rain yesterday having made it worse, he was
+    become very deaf. At breakfast he said, he would have given a good deal
+    rather than not have lain in that bed. I owned he was the lucky man; and
+    observed, that without doubt it had been contrived between Mrs.
+    Macdonald and him. She seemed to acquiesce; adding, 'You know young
+    <i>bucks</i> are always favourites of the ladies.' He spoke of Prince Charles
+    being here, and asked Mrs. Macdonald, '<i>Who</i> was with him? We were told,
+    madam, in England, there was one Miss Flora Macdonald with him.' She
+    said, 'they were very right;' and perceiving Dr. Johnson's curiosity,
+    though he had delicacy enough not to question her, very obligingly
+    entertained him with a recital of the particulars which she herself knew
+    of that escape, which does so much honour to the humanity, fidelity, and
+    generosity of the Highlanders. Dr. Johnson listened to her with placid
+    attention, and said, 'All this should be written down.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    From what she told us, and from what I was told by others personally
+    concerned, and from a paper of information which Rasay was so good as to
+    send me, at my desire, I have compiled the following abstract, which, as
+    it contains some curious anecdotes, will, I imagine, not be
+    uninteresting to my readers, and even, perhaps, be of some use to future
+    historians.
+</p>
+<hr>
+<p>
+    Prince Charles Edward, after the battle of Culloden, was conveyed to
+    what is called the <i>Long Island</i>, where he lay for some time concealed.
+    But intelligence having been obtained where he was, and a number of
+    troops having come in quest of him, it became absolutely necessary for
+    him to quit that country without delay. Miss Flora Macdonald, then a
+    young lady, animated by what she thought the sacred principle of
+    loyalty, offered, with the magnanimity of a Heroine, to accompany him in
+    an open boat to Sky, though the coast they were to quit was guarded by
+    ships. He dressed himself in women's clothes, and passed as her supposed
+    maid, by the name of Betty Bourke, an Irish girl. They got off
+    undiscovered, though several shots were fired to bring them to, and
+    landed at Mugstot, the seat of Sir Alexander Macdonald. Sir Alexander
+    was then at Fort Augustus, with the Duke of Cumberland; but his lady was
+    at home. Prince Charles took his post upon a hill near the house. Flora
+    Macdonald waited on lady Margaret<a href="#note-550">[550]</a>, and acquainted her of the
+    enterprise in which she was engaged. Her ladyship, whose active
+    benevolence was ever seconded by superior talents, shewed a perfect
+    presence of mind, and readiness of invention, and at once settled that
+    Prince Charles should be conducted to old Rasay, who was himself
+    concealed with some select friends. The plan was instantly communicated
+    to Kingsburgh, who was dispatched to the hill to inform the Wanderer,
+    and carry him refreshments. When Kingsburgh approached, he started up,
+    and advanced, holding a large knotted stick, and in appearance ready to
+    knock him down, till he said, 'I am Macdonald of Kingsburgh, come to
+    serve your highness.' The Wanderer answered, 'It is well,' and was
+    satisfied with the plan.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Flora Macdonald dined with Lady Margaret, at whose table there sat an
+    officer of the army, stationed here with a party of soldiers, to watch
+    for Prince Charles in case of his flying to the isle of Sky. She
+    afterwards often laughed in good-humour with this gentleman, on her
+    having so well deceived him.  After dinner, Flora Macdonald on
+    horseback, and her supposed maid, and Kingsburgh, with a servant
+    carrying some linen, all on foot, proceeded towards that gentleman's
+    house. Upon the road was a small rivulet which they were obliged to
+    cross. The Wanderer, forgetting his assumed sex, that his clothes might
+    not be wet, held them up a great deal too high. Kingsburgh mentioned
+    this to him, observing, it might make a discovery. He said, he would be
+    more careful for the future. He was as good as his word; for the next
+    brook they crossed, he did not hold up his clothes at all, but let them
+    float upon the water. He was very awkward in his female dress. His size
+    was so large, and his strides so great, that some women whom they met
+    reported that they had seen a very big woman, who looked like a man in
+    woman's clothes, and that perhaps it was (as they expressed themselves)
+    the <i>Prince</i>, after whom so much search was making.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At Kingsburgh he met with a most cordial reception; seemed gay at
+    supper, and after it indulged himself in a cheerful glass with his
+    worthy host. As he had not had his clothes off for a long time, the
+    comfort of a good bed was highly relished by him, and he slept soundly
+    till next day at one o'clock.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The mistress of Corrichatachin told me, that in the forenoon she went
+    into her father's room, who was also in bed, and suggested to him her
+    apprehensions that a party of the military might come up, and that his
+    guest and he had better not remain here too long. Her father said, 'Let
+    the poor man repose himself after his fatigues; and as for me, I care
+    not, though they take off this old grey head ten or eleven years sooner
+    than I should die in the course of nature.' He then wrapped himself in
+    the bed-clothes, and again fell fast asleep.
+</p>
+<p>
+    On the afternoon of that day, the Wanderer, still in the same dress, set
+    out for Portree, with Flora Macdonald and a man servant. His shoes being
+    very bad, Kingsburgh provided him with a new pair, and taking up the old
+    ones, said, 'I will faithfully keep them till you are safely settled at
+    St. James's. I will then introduce myself by shaking them at you, to put
+    you in mind of your night's entertainment and protection under my roof.'
+    He smiled, and said, 'Be as good as your word!' Kingsburgh kept the
+    shoes as long as he lived. After his death, a zealous Jacobite gentleman
+    gave twenty guineas for them.  Old Mrs. Macdonald, after her guest had
+    left the house, took the sheets in which he had lain, folded them
+    carefully, and charged her daughter that they should be kept unwashed,
+    and that, when she died, her body should be wrapped in them as a winding
+    sheet. Her will was religiously observed.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Upon the road to Portree, Prince Charles changed his dress, and put on
+    man's clothes again; a tartan short coat and waistcoat, with philibeg
+    and short hose, a plaid, and a wig and bonnet.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Donald M'Donald, called Donald Roy, had been sent express to the
+    present Rasay, then the young laird, who was at that time at his
+    sister's house, about three miles from Portree, attending his brother,
+    Dr. Macleod, who was recovering of a wound he had received at the battle
+    of Culloden. Mr. M'Donald communicated to young Rasay the plan of
+    conveying the Wanderer to where old Rasay was; but was told that old
+    Rasay had fled to Knoidart, a part of Glengary's estate. There was then
+    a dilemma what should be done. Donald Roy proposed that he should
+    conduct the Wanderer to the main land; but young Rasay thought it too
+    dangerous at that time, and said it would be better to conceal him in
+    the island of Rasay, till old Rasay could be informed where he was, and
+    give his advice what was best. But the difficulty was, how to get him to
+    Rasay. They could not trust a Portree crew, and all the Rasay boats had
+    been destroyed, or carried off by the military, except two belonging to
+    Malcolm M'Leod, which he had concealed somewhere.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Macleod being informed of this difficulty, said he would risk his
+    life once more for Prince Charles; and it having occurred, that there
+    was a little boat upon a fresh-water lake in the neighbourhood, young
+    Rasay and Dr. Macleod, with the help of some women, brought it to the
+    sea, by extraordinary exertion, across a Highland mile of land, one half
+    of which was bog, and the other a steep precipice.
+</p>
+<p>
+    These gallant brothers, with the assistance of one little boy, rowed the
+    small boat to Rasay, where they were to endeavour to find Captain
+    M'Leod, as Malcolm was then called, and get one of his good boats, with
+    which they might return to Portree, and receive the Wanderer; or, in
+    case of not finding him, they were to make the small boat serve, though
+    the danger was considerable.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Fortunately, on their first landing, they found their cousin Malcolm,
+    who, with the utmost alacrity, got ready one of his boats, with two
+    strong men, John M'Kenzie, and Donald M'Friar. Malcolm, being the oldest
+    man, and most cautious, said, that as young Rasay had not hitherto
+    appeared in the unfortunate business, he ought not to run any risk; but
+    that Dr. Macleod and himself, who were already publickly engaged, should
+    go on this expedition. Young Rasay answered, with an oath, that he would
+    go, at the risk of his life and fortune. 'In GOD'S name then (said
+    Malcolm) let us proceed.' The two boatmen, however, now stopped short,
+    till they should be informed of their destination; and M'Kenzie declared
+    he would not move an oar till he knew where they were going. Upon which
+    they were both sworn to secrecy; and the business being imparted to
+    them, they were eager to put off to sea without loss of time. The boat
+    soon landed about half a mile from the inn at Portree.
+</p>
+<p>
+    All this was negotiated before the Wanderer got forward to Portree.
+    Malcolm M'Leod and M'Friar were dispatched to look for him. In a short
+    time he appeared, and went into the publick house. Here Donald Roy, whom
+    he had seen at Mugstot, received him, and informed him of what had been
+    concerted. He wanted silver for a guinea, but the landlord had only
+    thirteen shillings. He was going to accept of this for his guinea; but
+    Donald Roy very judiciously observed, that it would discover him to be
+    some great man; so he desisted. He slipped out of the house, leaving his
+    fair protectress, whom he never again saw; and Malcolm Macleod was
+    presented to him by Donald Roy, as a captain in his army. Young Rasay
+    and Dr. Macleod had waited, in impatient anxiety, in the boat. When he
+    came, their names were announced to him. He would not permit the usual
+    ceremonies of respect, but saluted them as his equals.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Donald Roy staid in Sky, to be in readiness to get intelligence, and
+    give an alarm in case the troops should discover the retreat to Rasay;
+    and Prince Charles was then conveyed in a boat to that island in the
+    night. He slept a little upon the passage, and they landed about
+    day-break. There was some difficulty in accommodating him with a
+    lodging, as almost all the houses in the island had been burnt by the
+    soldiery. They repaired to a little hut, which some shepherds had lately
+    built, and having prepared it as well as they could, and made a bed of
+    heath for the stranger, they kindled a fire, and partook of some
+    provisions which had been sent with him from Kingsburgh. It was
+    observed, that he would not taste wheat-bread, or brandy, while
+    oat-bread and whisky lasted; 'for these, said he, are my own country
+    bread and drink.'&mdash;This was very engaging to the Highlanders.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Young Rasay being the only person of the company that durst appear with
+    safety, he went in quest of something fresh for them to eat: but though
+    he was amidst his own cows, sheep, and goats, he could not venture to
+    take any of them for fear of a discovery, but was obliged to supply
+    himself by stealth. He therefore caught a kid, and brought it to the hut
+    in his plaid, and it was killed and drest, and furnished them a meal
+    which they relished much. The distressed Wanderer, whose health was now
+    a good deal impaired by hunger, fatigue, and watching, slept a long
+    time, but seemed to be frequently disturbed. Malcolm told me he would
+    start from broken slumbers, and speak to himself in different languages,
+    French, Italian, and English. I must however acknowledge, that it is
+    highly probable that my worthy friend Malcolm did not know precisely the
+    difference between French and Italian. One of his expressions in English
+    was, 'O GOD! poor Scotland!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    While they were in the hut, M'Kenzie and M'Friar, the two boatmen, were
+    placed as sentinels upon different eminences; and one day an incident
+    happened, which must not be omitted. There was a man wandering about the
+    island, selling tobacco. Nobody knew him, and he was suspected to be a
+    spy. M'Kenzie came running to the hut, and told that this suspected
+    person was approaching. Upon which the three gentlemen, young Rasay, Dr.
+    Macleod, and Malcolm, held a council of war upon him, and were
+    unanimously of opinion that he should instantly be put to death. Prince
+    Charles, at once assuming a grave and even severe countenance, said,
+    'God forbid that we should take away a man's life, who may be innocent,
+    while we can preserve our own.' The gentlemen however persisted in their
+    resolution, while he as strenuously continued to take the merciful side.
+    John M'Kenzie, who sat watching at the door of the hut, and overheard
+    the debate, said in Erse, 'Well, well; he must be shot. You are the
+    king, but we are the parliament, and will do what we choose.' Prince
+    Charles, seeing the gentlemen smile, asked what the man had said, and
+    being told it in English, he observed that he was a clever fellow, and,
+    notwithstanding the perilous situation in which he was, laughed loud and
+    heartily. Luckily the unknown person did not perceive that there were
+    people in the hut, at least did not come to it, but walked on past it,
+    unknowing of his risk. It was afterwards found out that he was one of
+    the Highland army, who was himself in danger. Had he come to them, they
+    were resolved to dispatch him; for, as Malcolm said to me, 'We could not
+    keep him with us, and we durst not let him go. In such a situation, I
+    would have shot my brother, if I had not been sure of him.' John
+    M'Kenzie was at Rasay's house when we were there<a href="#note-551">[551]</a>. About eighteen
+    years before, he hurt one of his legs when dancing, and being obliged to
+    have it cut off, he now was going about with a wooden leg. The story of
+    his being a <i>member of parliament</i> is not yet forgotten. I took him out
+    a little way from the house, gave him a shilling to drink Rasay's
+    health, and led him into a detail of the particulars which I have just
+    related. With less foundation, some writers have traced the idea of a
+    parliament, and of the British constitution, in rude and early times. I
+    was curious to know if he had really heard, or understood, any thing of
+    that subject, which, had he been a greater man, would probably have been
+    eagerly maintained. 'Why, John, (said I,) did you think the king should
+    be controuled by a parliament?' He answered, 'I thought, Sir, there were
+    many voices against one.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    The conversation then turning on the times, the Wanderer said, that, to
+    be sure, the life he had led of late was a very hard one; but he would
+    rather live in the way he now did, for ten years, than fall into the
+    hands of his enemies. The gentlemen asked him, what he thought his
+    enemies would do with him, should he have the misfortune to fall into
+    their hands. He said, he did not believe they would dare to take his
+    life publickly, but he dreaded being privately destroyed by poison or
+    assassination. He was very particular in his inquiries about the wound
+    which Dr. Macleod had received at the battle of Culloden, from a ball
+    which entered at one shoulder, and went cross to the other. The doctor
+    happened still to have on the coat which he wore on that occasion. He
+    mentioned, that he himself had his horse shot under him at Culloden;
+    that the ball hit the horse about two inches from his knee, and made him
+    so unruly that he was obliged to change him for another. He threw out
+    some reflections on the conduct of the disastrous affair at Culloden,
+    saying, however, that perhaps it was rash in him to do so. I am now
+    convinced that his suspicions were groundless; for I have had a good
+    deal of conversation upon the subject with my very worthy and ingenious
+    friend, Mr. Andrew Lumisden, who was under secretary to Prince Charles,
+    and afterwards principal secretary to his father at Rome, who, he
+    assured me, was perfectly satisfied both of the abilities and honour of
+    the generals who commanded the Highland army on that occasion. Mr.
+    Lumisden has written an account of the three battles in 1745-6, at once
+    accurate and classical<a href="#note-552">[552]</a>. Talking of the different Highland corps,
+    the gentlemen who were present wished to have his opinion which were the
+    best soldiers. He said, he did not like comparisons among those corps:
+    they were all best.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He told his conductors, he did not think it advisable to remain long in
+    any one place; and that he expected a French ship to come for him to
+    Lochbroom, among the Mackenzies. It then was proposed to carry him in
+    one of Malcolm's boats to Lochbroom, though the distance was fifteen
+    leagues coastwise. But he thought this would be too dangerous, and
+    desired that, at any rate, they might first endeavour to obtain
+    intelligence. Upon which young Rasay wrote to his friend, Mr. M'Kenzie
+    of Applecross, but received an answer, that there was no appearance of
+    any French ship.  It was therefore resolved that they should return to
+    Sky, which they did, and landed in Strath, where they reposed in a
+    cow-house belonging to Mr. Niccolson of Scorbreck. The sea was very
+    rough, and the boat took in a good deal of water. The Wanderer asked if
+    there was danger, as he was not used to such a vessel. Upon being told
+    there was not, he sung an Erse song with much vivacity. He had by this
+    time acquired a good deal of the Erse language.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Young Rasay was now dispatched to where Donald Roy was, that they might
+    get all the intelligence they could; and the Wanderer, with much
+    earnestness, charged Dr. Macleod to have a boat ready, at a certain
+    place about seven miles off, as he said he intended it should carry him
+    upon a matter of great consequence; and gave the doctor a case,
+    containing a silver spoon, knife, and fork, saying, 'keep you that till
+    I see you,' which the doctor understood to be two days from that time.
+    But all these orders were only blinds; for he had another plan in his
+    head, but wisely thought it safest to trust his secrets to no more
+    persons than was absolutely necessary. Having then desired Malcolm to
+    walk with him a little way from the house, he soon opened his mind,
+    saying, 'I deliver myself to you. Conduct me to the Laird of M'Kinnon's
+    country.' Malcolm objected that it was very dangerous, as so many
+    parties of soldiers were in motion. He answered, 'There is nothing now
+    to be done without danger.' He then said, that Malcolm must be the
+    master, and he the servant; so he took the bag, in which his linen was
+    put up, and carried it on his shoulder; and observing that his
+    waistcoat, which was of scarlet tartan, with a gold twist button, was
+    finer than Malcolm's, which was of a plain ordinary tartan, he put on
+    Malcolm's waistcoat, and gave him his; remarking at the same time, that
+    it did not look well that the servant should be better dressed than
+    the master.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Malcolm, though an excellent walker, found himself excelled by Prince
+    Charles, who told him, he should not much mind the parties that were
+    looking for him, were he once but a musket shot from them; but that he
+    was somewhat afraid of the Highlanders who were against him. He was well
+    used to walking in Italy, in pursuit of game; and he was even now so
+    keen a sportsman, that, having observed some partridges, he was going
+    to take a shot: but Malcolm cautioned him against it, observing that the
+    firing might be heard by the tenders<a href="#note-553">[553]</a> who were hovering upon
+    the coast.
+</p>
+<p>
+    As they proceeded through the mountains, taking many a circuit to avoid
+    any houses, Malcolm, to try his resolution, asked him what they should
+    do, should they fall in with a party of soldiers: he answered, 'Fight,
+    to be sure!' Having asked Malcolm if he should be known in his present
+    dress, and Malcolm having replied he would, he said, 'Then I'll blacken
+    my face with powder.' 'That, said Malcolm, would discover you at once.'
+    'Then, said he, I must be put in the greatest dishabille possible.' So
+    he pulled off his wig, tied a handkerchief round his head, and put his
+    night-cap over it, tore the ruffles from his shirt, took the buckles out
+    of his shoes, and made Malcolm fasten them with strings; but still
+    Malcolm thought he would be known. 'I have so odd a face, (said he) that
+    no man ever saw me but he would know me again<a href="#note-554">[554]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He seemed unwilling to give credit to the horrid narrative of men being
+    massacred in cold blood, after victory had declared for the army
+    commanded by the Duke of Cumberland. He could not allow himself to think
+    that a general could be so barbarous<a href="#note-555">[555]</a>.  When they came within two
+    miles of M'Kinnon's house, Malcolm asked if he chose to see the laird.
+    'No, (said he) by no means. I know M'Kinnon to be as good and as honest
+    a man as any in the world, but he is not fit for my purpose at present.
+    You must conduct me to some other house; but let it be a gentleman's
+    house.' Malcolm then determined that they should go to the house of his
+    brother-in-law, Mr. John M'Kinnon, and from thence be conveyed to the
+    main land of Scotland, and claim the assistance of Macdonald of
+    Scothouse. The Wanderer at first objected to this, because Scothouse was
+    cousin to a person of whom he had suspicions. But he acquiesced in
+    Malcolm's opinion.
+</p>
+<p>
+    When they were near Mr. John M'Kinnon's house, they met a man of the
+    name of Ross, who had been a private soldier in the Highland army. He
+    fixed his eyes steadily on the Wanderer in his disguise, and having at
+    once recognized him, he clapped his hands, and exclaimed, 'Alas! is this
+    the case?' Finding that there was now a discovery, Malcolm asked 'What's
+    to be done?' 'Swear him to secrecy,' answered Prince Charles. Upon which
+    Malcolm drew his dirk, and on the naked blade, made him take a solemn
+    oath, that he would say nothing of his having seen the Wanderer, till
+    his escape should be made publick.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Malcolm's sister, whose house they reached pretty early in the morning,
+    asked him who the person was that was along with him. He said it was one
+    Lewis Caw, from Crieff, who being a fugitive like himself, for the same
+    reason, he had engaged him as his servant, but that he had fallen sick.
+    'Poor man! (said she) I pity him. At the same time my heart warms to a
+    man of his appearance.' Her husband was gone a little way from home; but
+    was expected every minute to return. She set down to her brother a
+    plentiful Highland breakfast. Prince Charles acted the servant very
+    well, sitting at a respectful distance, with his bonnet off. Malcolm
+    then said to him, 'Mr. Caw, you have as much need of this as I have;
+    there is enough for us both: you had better draw nearer and share with
+    me.' Upon which he rose, made a profound bow, sat down at table with his
+    supposed master, and eat very heartily. After this there came in an old
+    woman, who, after the mode of ancient hospitality, brought warm water,
+    and washed Malcolm's feet. He desired her to wash the feet of the poor
+    man who attended him. She at first seemed averse to this, from pride, as
+    thinking him beneath her, and in the periphrastick language of the
+    Highlanders and the Irish, said warmly, 'Though I washed your father's
+    son's feet, why should I wash his father's son's feet?' She was however
+    persuaded to do it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    They then went to bed, and slept for some time; and when Malcolm awaked,
+    he was told that Mr. John M'Kinnon, his brother-in-law, was in sight. He
+    sprang out to talk to him before he should see Prince Charles. After
+    saluting him, Malcolm, pointing to the sea, said, 'What, John, if the
+    prince should be prisoner on board one of those tenders?' 'GOD forbid!'
+    replied John. 'What if we had him here?' said Malcolm. 'I wish we had,'
+    answered John; 'we should take care of him.' 'Well, John,' said Malcolm,
+    'he is in your house.' John, in a transport of joy, wanted to run
+    directly in, and pay his obeisance; but Malcolm stopped him, saying,
+    'Now is your time to behave well, and do nothing that can discover him.'
+    John composed himself, and having sent away all his servants upon
+    different errands, he was introduced into the presence of his guest, and
+    was then desired to go and get ready a boat lying near his house, which,
+    though but a small leaky one, they resolved to take, rather than go to
+    the Laird of M'Kinnon. John M'Kinnon, however, thought otherwise; and
+    upon his return told them, that his Chief and lady M'Kinnon were coming
+    in the laird's boat. Prince Charles said to his trusty Malcolm, 'I am
+    sorry for this, but must make the best of it.' M'Kinnon then walked up
+    from the shore, and did homage to the Wanderer. His lady waited in a
+    cave, to which they all repaired, and were entertained with cold meat
+    and wine. Mr. Malcolm M'Leod being now superseded by the Laird of
+    M'Kinnon, desired leave to return, which was granted him, and Prince
+    Charles wrote a short note, which he subscribed <i>James Thompson</i>,
+    informing his friends that he had got away from Sky, and thanking them
+    for their kindness; and he desired this might be speedily conveyed to
+    young Rasay and Dr. Macleod, that they might not wait longer in
+    expectation of seeing him again. He bade a cordial adieu to Malcolm, and
+    insisted on his accepting of a silver stock-buckle, and ten guineas from
+    his purse, though, as Malcolm told me, it did not appear to contain
+    above forty. Malcolm at first begged to be excused, saying, that he had
+    a few guineas at his service; but Prince Charles answered, 'You will
+    have need of money. I shall get enough when I come upon the main land.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    The Laird of M'Kinnon then conveyed him to the opposite coast of
+    Knoidart. Old Rasay, to whom intelligence had been sent, was crossing at
+    the same time to Sky; but as they did not know of each other, and each
+    had apprehensions, the two boats kept aloof.
+</p>
+<p>
+    These are the particulars which I have collected concerning the
+    extraordinary concealment and escapes of Prince Charles, in the
+    Hebrides. He was often in imminent danger.<a href="#note-556">[556]</a> The troops traced him
+    from the Long Island, across Sky, to Portree, but there lost him.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Here I stop,&mdash;having received no farther authentick information of his
+    fatigues and perils before he escaped to France. Kings and subjects may
+    both take a lesson of moderation from the melancholy fate of the House
+    of Stuart; that Kings may not suffer degradation and exile, and subjects
+    may not be harassed by the evils of a disputed succession.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Let me close the scene on that unfortunate House with the elegant and
+    pathetick reflections of <i>Voltaire</i>, in his <i>Histoire Générale</i>:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Que les hommes privés (says that brilliant writer, speaking of Prince
+    Charles) qui se croyent malheureux, jettent les yeux sur ce prince et
+    ses ancêtres.'<a href="#note-557">[557]</a> In another place he thus sums up the sad story of
+    the family in general:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Il n'y a aucun exemple dans l'histoire d'une maison si longtems
+    infortunée. Le premier des Rois d'Écosse, [ses aïeux] qui eut le nom de
+    <i>Jacques</i>, après avoir été dix-huit ans prisonnier en Angleterre, mourut
+    assassiné, avec sa femme, par la main de ses sujets. <i>Jacques</i> II, son
+    fils, fut tué à vingt-neuf ans en combattant contre les Anglois.
+    <i>Jacques</i> III, mis en prison par son peuple, fut tué ensuite par les
+    révoltés, dans une bataille. <i>Jacques</i> IV, périt dans un combat qu'il
+    perdit. <i>Marie Stuart</i>, sa petite-fille, chassée de son trône, fugitive
+    en Angleterre, ayant langui dix-huit ans en prison, se vit condamnée à
+    mort par des juges Anglais, et eut la tête tranchée. <i>Charles</i> Ier,
+    petit-fils de <i>Marie</i>, Roi d'Écosse et d'Angleterre, vendu par les
+    Écossois, et jugé à mort par les Anglais, mourut sur un échafaud dans la
+    place publique. <i>Jacques</i>, son fils, septième du nom, et deuxième en
+    Angleterre, fut chassé de ses trois royaumes; et pour comble de malheur
+    on contesta à son fils [jusqu'à] sa naissance. Ce fils ne tenta de
+    remonter sur le trône de ses pères, que pour faire périr ses amis par
+    des bourreaux; et nous avons vu le Prince <i>Charles Édouard</i>, réunissant
+    en vain les vertus de ses pères<a href="#note-558">[558]</a> et le courage du Roi <i>Jean
+    Sobieski</i>, son aïeul maternel, exécuter les exploits et essuyer les
+    malheurs les plus incroyables. Si quelque chose justifie ceux qui
+    croient une fatalité à laquelle rien ne peut se soustraire, c'est cette
+    suite continuelle de malheurs qui a persécuté la maison de <i>Stuart</i>,
+    pendant plus de trois cents années.'<a href="#note-559">[559]</a>
+</p>
+<p>
+    The gallant Malcolm was apprehended in about ten days after they
+    separated, put aboard a ship and carried prisoner to London. He said,
+    the prisoners in general were very ill treated in their passage; but
+    there were soldiers on board who lived well, and sometimes invited him
+    to share with them: that he had the good fortune not to be thrown into
+    jail, but was confined in the house of a messenger, of the name of Dick.
+    To his astonishment, only one witness could be found against him, though
+    he had been so openly engaged; and therefore, for want of sufficient
+    evidence, he was set at liberty. He added, that he thought himself in
+    such danger, that he would gladly have compounded for banishment<a href="#note-560">[560]</a>.
+    Yet, he said, 'he should never be so ready for death as he then
+    was<a href="#note-561">[561]</a>.' There is philosophical truth in this. A man will meet death
+    much more firmly at one time than another. The enthusiasm even of a
+    mistaken principle warms the mind, and sets it above the fear of death;
+    which in our cooler moments, if we really think of it, cannot but be
+    terrible, or at least very awful.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Miss Flora Macdonald being then also in London, under the protection of
+    Lady Primrose<a href="#note-562">[562]</a>, that lady provided a post-chaise to convey her to
+    Scotland, and desired she might choose any friend she pleased to
+    accompany her. She chose Malcolm. 'So (said he, with a triumphant air) I
+    went to London to be hanged, and returned in a post-chaise with Miss
+    Flora Macdonald.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Macleod of Muiravenside, whom we saw at Rasay, assured us that
+    Prince Charles was in London in 1759<a href="#note-563">[563]</a>, and that there was then a
+    plan in agitation for restoring his family. Dr. Johnson could scarcely
+    credit this story, and said, there could be no probable plan at that
+    time. Such an attempt could not have succeeded, unless the King of
+    Prussia had stopped the army in Germany; for both the army and the fleet
+    would, even without orders, have fought for the King, to whom they had
+    engaged themselves.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Having related so many particulars concerning the grandson of the
+    unfortunate King James the Second; having given due praise to fidelity
+    and generous attachment, which, however erroneous the judgment may be,
+    are honourable for the heart; I must do the Highlanders the justice to
+    attest, that I found every where amongst them a high opinion of the
+    virtues of the King now upon the throne, and an honest disposition to be
+    faithful subjects to his majesty, whose family has possessed the
+    sovereignty of this country so long, that a change, even for the
+    abdicated family, would now hurt the best feelings of all his subjects.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The <i>abstract</i> point of <i>right</i> would involve us in a discussion of
+    remote and perplexed questions; and after all, we should have no clear
+    principle of decision. That establishment, which, from political
+    necessity, took place in 1688, by a breach in the succession of our
+    kings, and which, whatever benefits may have accrued from it, certainly
+    gave a shock to our monarchy,<a href="#note-564">[564]</a>&mdash;the able and constitutional
+    Blackstone wisely rests on the solid footing of authority. 'Our
+    ancestors having most indisputably a competent jurisdiction to decide
+    this great and important question, and having, in fact, decided it, it
+    is now become our duty, at this distance of time, to acquiesce in their
+    determination.<a href="#note-565">[565]</a>'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Paley, the present Archdeacon of Carlisle, in his <i>Principles of
+    Moral and Political Philosophy</i>, having, with much clearness of
+    argument, shewn the duty of submission to civil government to be founded
+    neither on an indefeasible <i>jus divinum</i>, nor on <i>compact</i>, but on
+    <i>expediency</i>, lays down this rational position:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Irregularity in the first foundation of a state, or subsequent
+    violence, fraud, or injustice, in getting possession of the supreme
+    power, are not sufficient reasons for resistance, after the government
+    is once peaceably settled. No subject of the <i>British</i> empire conceives
+    himself engaged to vindicate the justice of the <i>Norman</i> claim or
+    conquest, or apprehends that his duty in any manner depends upon that
+    controversy. So likewise, if the house of <i>Lancaster</i>, or even the
+    posterity of <i>Cromwell</i>, had been at this day seated upon the throne of
+    <i>England</i>, we should have been as little concerned to enquire how the
+    founder of the family came there<a href="#note-566">[566]</a>.'  In conformity with this
+    doctrine, I myself, though fully persuaded that the House of <i>Stuart</i>
+    had originally no right to the crown of <i>Scotland</i>; for that <i>Baliol</i>,
+    and not <i>Bruce</i>, was the lawful heir; should yet have thought it very
+    culpable to have rebelled, on that account, against Charles the First,
+    or even a prince of that house much nearer the time, in order to assert
+    the claim of the posterity of Baliol.
+</p>
+<p>
+    However convinced I am of the justice of that principle, which holds
+    allegiance and protection to be reciprocal, I do however acknowledge,
+    that I am not satisfied with the cold sentiment which would confine the
+    exertions of the subject within the strict line of duty. I would have
+    every breast animated with the <i>fervour</i> of loyalty<a href="#note-567">[567]</a>; with that
+    generous attachment which delights in doing somewhat more than is
+    required, and makes 'service perfect freedom<a href="#note-568">[568]</a>.' And, therefore, as
+    our most gracious Sovereign, on his accession to the throne, gloried in
+    being <i>born a Briton</i><a href="#note-569">[569]</a>; so, in my more private sphere, <i>Ego me nunc</i>
+    denique natum, <i>gratulor</i><a href="#note-570">[570]</a>. I am happy that a disputed succession no
+    longer distracts our minds; and that a monarchy, established by law, is
+    now so sanctioned by time, that we can fully indulge those feelings of
+    loyalty which I am ambitious to excite. They are feelings which have
+    ever actuated the inhabitants of the Highlands and the Hebrides. The
+    plant of loyalty is there in full vigour, and the Brunswick graft now
+    flourishes like a native shoot. To that spirited race of people I may
+    with propriety apply the elegant lines of a modern poet, on the 'facile
+    temper of the beauteous sex<a href="#note-571">[571]</a>:'&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Like birds new-caught, who flutter for a time,
+      And struggle with captivity in vain;
+      But by-and-by they rest, they smooth their plumes,
+      And to <i>new masters</i> sing their former notes<a href="#note-572">[572]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Surely such notes are much better than the querulous growlings of
+    suspicious Whigs and discontented Republicans.
+</p>
+<hr>
+<p>
+    Kingsburgh conducted us in his boat across one of the lochs, as they
+    call them, or arms of the sea, which flow in upon all the coasts of
+    Sky,&mdash;to a mile beyond a place called <i>Grishinish</i>. Our horses had been
+    sent round by land to meet us. By this sail we saved eight miles of bad
+    riding. Dr. Johnson said, 'When we take into computation what we have
+    saved, and what we have gained, by this agreeable sail, it is a great
+    deal.' He observed, 'it is very disagreeable riding in Sky. The way is
+    so narrow, one only at a time can travel, so it is quite unsocial; and
+    you cannot indulge in meditation by yourself, because you must be always
+    attending to the steps which your horse takes.' This was a just and
+    clear description of its inconveniences.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The topick of emigration being again introduced<a href="#note-573">[573]</a>, Dr. Johnson said,
+    that 'a rapacious chief would make a wilderness of his estate.' Mr.
+    Donald M'Queen told us, that the oppression, which then made so much
+    noise, was owing to landlords listening to bad advice in the letting of
+    their lands; that interested and designed<a href="#note-574">[574]</a> people flattered them
+    with golden dreams of much higher rents than could reasonably be paid:
+    and that some of the gentlemen <i>tacksmen</i><a href="#note-575">[575]</a>, or upper tenants, were
+    themselves in part the occasion of the mischief, by over-rating the
+    farms of others. That many of the <i>tacksmen</i>, rather than comply with
+    exorbitant demands, had gone off to America, and impoverished the
+    country, by draining it of its wealth; and that their places were filled
+    by a number of poor people, who had lived under them, properly speaking,
+    as servants, paid by a certain proportion of the produce of the lands,
+    though called sub-tenants. I observed, that if the men of substance were
+    once banished from a Highland estate, it might probably be greatly
+    reduced in its value; for one bad year might ruin a set of poor tenants,
+    and men of any property would not settle in such a country, unless from
+    the temptation of getting land extremely cheap; for an inhabitant of any
+    good county in Britain, had better go to America than to the Highlands
+    or the Hebrides. Here, therefore, was a consideration that ought to
+    induce a Chief to act a more liberal part, from a mere motive of
+    interest, independent of the lofty and honourable principle of keeping a
+    clan together, to be in readiness to serve his king. I added, that I
+    could not help thinking a little arbitrary power in the sovereign, to
+    control the bad policy and greediness of the Chiefs, might sometimes be
+    of service. In France a Chief would not be permitted to force a number
+    of the king's subjects out of the country. Dr. Johnson concurred with
+    me, observing, that 'were an oppressive chieftain a subject of the
+    French king, he would probably be admonished by a <i>letter</i>.<a href="#note-576">[576]</a>'
+</p>
+<p>
+    During our sail, Dr. Johnson asked about the use of the dirk, with which
+    he imagined the Highlanders cut their meat. He was told, they had a
+    knife and fork besides, to eat with. He asked, how did the women do? and
+    was answered, some of them had a knife and fork too; but in general the
+    men, when they had cut their meat, handed their knives and forks to the
+    women, and they themselves eat with their fingers. The old tutor of
+    Macdonald always eat fish with his fingers, alledging that a knife and
+    fork gave it a bad taste. I took the liberty to observe to Dr. Johnson,
+    that he did so. 'Yes, said he; but it is because I am short-sighted, and
+    afraid of bones, for which reason I am not fond of eating many kinds of
+    fish, because I must use my fingers.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. M'Pherson's <i>Dissertations on Scottish Antiquities</i>, which he had
+    looked at when at Corrichatachin<a href="#note-577">[577]</a>, being mentioned, he remarked,
+    that 'you might read half an hour, and ask yourself what you had been
+    reading: there were so many words to so little matter, that there was no
+    getting through the book.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    As soon as we reached the shore, we took leave of Kingsburgh, and
+    mounted our horses. We passed through a wild moor, in many places so
+    soft that we were obliged to walk, which was very fatiguing to Dr.
+    Johnson. Once he had advanced on horseback to a very bad step. There
+    was a steep declivity on his left, to which he was so near, that there
+    was not room for him to dismount in the usual way. He tried to alight on
+    the other side, as if he had been a <i>young buck</i> indeed, but in the
+    attempt he fell at his length upon the ground; from which, however, he
+    got up immediately without being hurt. During this dreary ride, we were
+    sometimes relieved by a view of branches of the sea, that universal
+    medium of connection amongst mankind. A guide, who had been sent with us
+    from Kingsburgh, explored the way (much in the same manner as, I
+    suppose, is pursued in the wilds of America,) by observing certain marks
+    known only to the inhabitants. We arrived at Dunvegan late in the
+    afternoon. The great size of the castle, which is partly old and partly
+    new, and is built upon a rock close to the sea, while the land around it
+    presents nothing but wild, moorish, hilly, and craggy appearances, gave
+    a rude magnificence to the scene. Having dismounted, we ascended a
+    flight of steps, which was made by the late Macleod, for the
+    accommodation of persons coming to him by land, there formerly being,
+    for security, no other access to the castle but from the sea; so that
+    visitors who came by the land were under the necessity of getting into a
+    boat, and sailed round to the only place where it could be approached.
+    We were introduced into a stately dining-room, and received by Lady
+    Macleod, mother of the laird, who, with his friend Talisker, having been
+    detained on the road, did not arrive till some time after us.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We found the lady of the house a very polite and sensible woman, who had
+    lived for some time in London, and had there been in Dr. Johnson's
+    company. After we had dined, we repaired to the drawing-room, where some
+    of the young ladies of the family, with their mother, were at tea<a href="#note-578">[578]</a>.
+    This room had formerly been the bed-chamber of Sir Roderick Macleod, one
+    of the old Lairds; and he chose it, because, behind it, there was a
+    considerable cascade<a href="#note-579">[579]</a>, the sound of which disposed him to sleep.
+    Above his bed was this inscription: 'Sir Rorie M'Leod of Dunvegan,
+    Knight. GOD send good rest!' Rorie is the contraction of Roderick. He
+    was called Rorie <i>More</i>, that is, great Rorie, not from his size, but
+    from his spirit. Our entertainment here was in so elegant a style, and
+    reminded my fellow-traveller so much of England, that he became quite
+    joyous. He laughed, and said, 'Boswell, we came in at the wrong end of
+    this island.' 'Sir, (said I,) it was best to keep this for the last.' He
+    answered, 'I would have it both first and last.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_38"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 14.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson said in the morning, 'Is not this a fine lady<a href="#note-580">[580]</a>?' There
+    was not a word now of his 'impatience to be in civilized
+    life<a href="#note-581">[581]</a>;&mdash;though indeed I should beg pardon,&mdash;he found it here. We had
+    slept well, and lain long. After breakfast we surveyed the castle, and
+    the garden. Mr. Bethune, the parish minister,&mdash;Magnus M'Leod, of
+    Claggan, brother to Talisker, and M'Leod of Bay, two substantial
+    gentlemen of the clan, dined with us. We had admirable venison, generous
+    wine; in a word, all that a good table has. This was really the hall of
+    a chief. Lady M'Leod had been much obliged to my father, who had settled
+    by arbitration a variety of perplexed claims between her and her
+    relation, the Laird of Brodie, which she now repaid by particular
+    attention to me. M'Leod started the subject of making women do penance
+    in the church for fornication. JOHNSON. 'It is right, Sir. Infamy is
+    attached to the crime, by universal opinion, as soon as it is known. I
+    would not be the man who would discover it, if I alone knew it, for a
+    woman may reform; nor would I commend a parson who divulges a woman's
+    first offence; but being once divulged, it ought to be infamous.
+    Consider, of what importance to society the chastity of women is. Upon
+    that all the property in the world depends<a href="#note-582">[582]</a>. We hang a thief for
+    stealing a sheep; but the unchastity of a woman transfers sheep, and
+    farm and all, from the right owner. I have much more reverence for a
+    common prostitute than for a woman who conceals her guilt. The
+    prostitute is known. She cannot deceive: she cannot bring a strumpet
+    into the arms of an honest man, without his knowledge. BOSWELL. 'There
+    is, however, a great difference between the licentiousness of a single
+    woman, and that of a married woman.' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; there is a
+    great difference between stealing a shilling, and stealing a thousand
+    pounds; between simply taking a man's purse, and murdering him first,
+    and then taking it. But when one begins to be vicious, it is easy to go
+    on. Where single women are licentious, you rarely find faithful married
+    women.' BOSWELL. 'And yet we are told that in some nations in India, the
+    distinction is strictly observed.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, don't give us India.
+    That puts me in mind of Montesquieu, who is really a fellow of genius
+    too in many respects; whenever he wants to support a strange opinion, he
+    quotes you the practice of Japan or of some other distant country of
+    which he knows nothing. To support polygamy, he tells you of the island
+    of Formosa, where there are ten women born for one man<a href="#note-583">[583]</a>. He had but
+    to suppose another island, where there are ten men born for one woman,
+    and so make a marriage between them.<a href="#note-584">[584]</a>'  At supper, Lady Macleod
+    mentioned Dr. Cadogan's book on the gout<a href="#note-585">[585]</a>. JOHNSON. 'It is a good
+    book in general, but a foolish one in particulars. It is good in
+    general, as recommending temperance and exercise, and cheerfulness. In
+    that respect it is only Dr. Cheyne's book told in a new way; and there
+    should come out such a book every thirty years, dressed in the mode of
+    the times. It is foolish, in maintaining that the gout is not
+    hereditary, and that one fit of it, when gone, is like a fever when
+    gone.' Lady Macleod objected that the author does not practise what he
+    teaches<a href="#note-586">[586]</a>. JOHNSON. 'I cannot help that, madam. That does not make
+    his book the worse. People are influenced more by what a man says, if
+    his practice is suitable to it,&mdash;because they are blockheads. The more
+    intellectual people are, the readier will they attend to what a man
+    tells them. If it is just, they will follow it, be his practice what it
+    will. No man practises so well as he writes. I have, all my life long,
+    been lying till noon<a href="#note-587">[587]</a>; yet I tell all young men, and tell them with
+    great sincerity, that nobody who does not rise early will ever do any
+    good. Only consider! You read a book; you are convinced by it; you do
+    not know the authour. Suppose you afterwards know him, and find that he
+    does not practise what he teaches; are you to give up your former
+    conviction? At this rate you would be kept in a state of equilibrium,
+    when reading every book, till you knew how the authour practised.<a href="#note-588">[588]</a>'
+    'But,' said Lady M'Leod, 'you would think better of Dr. Cadogan, if he
+    acted according to his principles.' JOHNSON. 'Why, Madam, to be sure, a
+    man who acts in the face of light, is worse than a man who does not know
+    so much; yet I think no man should be the worse thought of for
+    publishing good principles. There is something noble in publishing
+    truth, though it condemns one's self.<a href="#note-589">[589]</a>' I expressed some surprize at
+    Cadogan's recommending good humour, as if it were quite in our own power
+    to attain it. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, a man grows better humoured as he
+    grows older. He improves by experience. When young, he thinks himself of
+    great consequence, and every thing of importance. As he advances in
+    life, he learns to think himself of no consequence, and little things of
+    little importance; and so he becomes more patient, and better pleased.
+    All good-humour and complaisance are acquired. Naturally a child seizes
+    directly what it sees, and thinks of pleasing itself only. By degrees,
+    it is taught to please others, and to prefer others; and that this will
+    ultimately produce the greatest happiness. If a man is not convinced of
+    that, he never will practise it. Common language speaks the truth as to
+    this: we say, a person is well <i>bred</i>. As it is said, that all material
+    motion is primarily in a right line, and is never <i>per circuitum</i>, never
+    in another form, unless by some particular cause; so it may be said
+    intellectual motion is.' Lady M'Leod asked, if no man was naturally
+    good? JOHNSON. 'No, Madam, no more than a wolf.' BOSWELL. 'Nor no woman,
+    Sir?' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir.<a href="#note-590">[590]</a>' Lady M'Leod started at this, saying, in a
+    low voice, 'This is worse than Swift.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    M'Leod of Ulinish had come in the afternoon. We were a jovial company at
+    supper. The Laird, surrounded by so many of his clan, was to me a
+    pleasing sight. They listened with wonder and pleasure, while Dr.
+    Johnson harangued. I am vexed that I cannot take down his full strain of
+    eloquence.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_39"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 15.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    The gentlemen of the clan went away early in the morning to the harbour
+    of Lochbradale, to take leave of some of their friends who were going to
+    America. It was a very wet day. We looked at Rorie More's horn, which is
+    a large cow's horn, with the mouth of it ornamented with silver
+    curiously carved. It holds rather more than a bottle and a half. Every
+    Laird of M'Leod, it is said, must, as a proof of his manhood, drink it
+    off full of claret, without laying it down. From Rorie More many of the
+    branches of the family are descended; in particular, the Talisker
+    branch; so that his name is much talked of. We also saw his bow, which
+    hardly any man now can bend, and his <i>Glaymore></i>, which was wielded with
+    both hands, and is of a prodigious size. We saw here some old pieces of
+    iron armour, immensely heavy. The broadsword now used, though called the
+    <i>Glaymore, (i.e.</i> the <i>great sword</i>) is much smaller than that used in
+    Rorie More's time. There is hardly a target now to be found in the
+    Highlands. After the disarming act<a href="#note-591">[591]</a>, they made them serve as covers
+    to their butter-milk barrels; a kind of change, like beating spears into
+    pruning-hooks<a href="#note-592">[592]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Sir George Mackenzie's Works (the folio edition) happened to lie in a
+    window in the dining room. I asked Dr. Johnson to look at the
+    <i>Characteres Advocatorum</i>. He allowed him power of mind, and that he
+    understood very well what he tells<a href="#note-593">[593]</a>; but said, that there was too
+    much declamation, and that the Latin was not correct. He found fault
+    with <i>appropinquabant</i><a href="#note-594">[594]</a>, in the character of Gilmour. I tried him
+    with the opposition between <i>gloria</i> and <i>palma</i>, in the comparison
+    between Gilmour and Nisbet, which Lord Hailes, in his <i>Catalogue of the
+    Lords of Session</i>, thinks difficult to be understood. The words are,
+    <i>'penes illum gloria, penes hunc palma</i><a href="#note-595">[595]</a>.' In a short <i>Account of
+    the Kirk of Scotland</i>, which I published some years ago, I applied these
+    words to the two contending parties, and explained them thus: 'The
+    popular party has most eloquence; Dr. Robertson's party most influence.'
+    I was very desirous to hear Dr. Johnson's explication. JOHNSON. 'I see
+    no difficulty. Gilmour was admired for his parts; Nisbet carried his
+    cause by his skill in law. <i>Palma</i> is victory.' I observed, that the
+    character of Nicholson, in this book resembled that of Burke: for it is
+    said, in one place, <i>'in omnes lusos &amp; jocos se saepe resolvebat</i><a href="#note-596">[596]</a>;'
+    and, in another, <i>'sed accipitris more e conspectu aliquando astantium
+    sublimi se protrahens volatu, in praedam miro impetu descendebat<a href="#note-597">[597]</a>'.</i>
+    JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; I never heard Burke make a good joke in my
+    life<a href="#note-598">[598]</a>.' BOSWELL. 'But, Sir, you will allow he is a hawk.' Dr.
+    Johnson, thinking that I meant this of his joking, said, 'No, Sir, he is
+    not the hawk there. He is the beetle in the mire<a href="#note-599">[599]</a>.' I still adhered
+    to my metaphor,&mdash;'But he <i>soars</i> as the hawk.' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; but
+    he catches nothing.' M'Leod asked, what is the particular excellence of
+    Burke's eloquence? JOHNSON. 'Copiousness and fertility of allusion; a
+    power of diversifying his matter, by placing it in various relations.
+    Burke has great information, and great command of language; though, in
+    my opinion, it has not in every respect the highest elegance.' BOSWELL.
+    'Do you think, Sir, that Burke has read Cicero much?' JOHNSON. 'I don't
+    believe it, Sir. Burke has great knowledge, great fluency of words, and
+    great promptness of ideas, so that he can speak with great illustration
+    on any subject that comes before him. He is neither like Cicero, nor
+    like Demosthenes<a href="#note-600">[600]</a>, nor like any one else, but speaks as well as
+    he can.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the 65th page of the first volume of Sir George Mackenzie, Dr.
+    Johnson pointed out a paragraph beginning with <i>Aristotle</i>, and told me
+    there was an error in the text, which he bade me try to discover. I was
+    lucky enough to hit it at once. As the passage is printed, it is said
+    that the devil answers <i>even</i> in <i>engines</i>. I corrected it to&mdash;<i>ever</i> in
+    <i>oenigmas</i>. 'Sir, (said he,) you are a good critick. This would have
+    been a great thing to do in the text of an ancient authour.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_40"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 16.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Last night much care was taken of Dr. Johnson, who was still distressed
+    by his cold. He had hitherto most strangely slept without a night-cap.
+    Miss M'Leod made him a large flannel one, and he was prevailed with to
+    drink a little brandy when he was going to bed. He has great virtue in
+    not drinking wine or any fermented liquor, because, as he acknowledged
+    to us, he could not do it in moderation<a href="#note-601">[601]</a>. Lady M'Leod would hardly
+    believe him, and said, 'I am sure, Sir, you would not carry it too far.'
+    JOHNSON. 'Nay, madam, it carried me. I took the opportunity of a long
+    illness to leave it off. It was then prescribed to me not to drink wine;
+    and, having broken off the habit, I have never returned to it<a href="#note-602">[602]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the argument on Tuesday night, about natural goodness, Dr. Johnson
+    denied that any child was better than another, but by difference of
+    instruction; though, in consequence of greater attention being paid to
+    instruction by one child than another, and of a variety of imperceptible
+    causes, such as instruction being counteracted by servants, a notion was
+    conceived, that of two children, equally well educated, one was
+    naturally much worse than another. He owned, this morning, that one
+    might have a greater aptitude to learn than another, and that we
+    inherit dispositions from our parents<a href="#note-603">[603]</a>. 'I inherited, (said he,) a
+    vile melancholy from my father, which has made me mad all my life, at
+    least not sober<a href="#note-604">[604]</a>.' Lady M'Leod wondered he should tell this. 'Madam,
+    (said I,) he knows that with that madness he is superior to other men.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I have often been astonished with what exactness and perspicuity he will
+    explain the process of any art. He this morning explained to us all the
+    operation of coining, and, at night, all the operation of brewing, so
+    very clearly, that Mr. M'Queen said, when he heard the first, he thought
+    he had been bred in the Mint; when he heard the second, that he had been
+    bred a brewer.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I was elated by the thought of having been able to entice such a man to
+    this remote part of the world. A ludicrous, yet just image presented
+    itself to my mind, which I expressed to the company. I compared myself
+    to a dog who has got hold of a large piece of meat, and runs away with
+    it to a corner, where he may devour it in peace, without any fear of
+    others taking it from him. 'In London, Reynolds, Beauclerk, and all of
+    them, are contending who shall enjoy Dr. Johnson's conversation. We are
+    feasting upon it, undisturbed, at Dunvegan.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    It was still a storm of wind and rain. Dr. Johnson however walked out
+    with M'Leod, and saw Rorie More's cascade in full perfection. Colonel
+    M'Leod, instead of being all life and gaiety, as I have seen him, was at
+    present grave, and somewhat depressed by his anxious concern about
+    M'Leod's affairs, and by finding some gentlemen of the clan by no means
+    disposed to act a generous or affectionate part to their Chief in his
+    distress, but bargaining with him as with a stranger. However, he was
+    agreeable and polite, and Dr. Johnson said, he was a very pleasing man.
+    My fellow-traveller and I talked of going to Sweden<a href="#note-605">[605]</a>; and, while we
+    were settling our plan, I expressed a pleasure in the prospect of seeing
+    the king. JOHNSON. 'I doubt, Sir, if he would speak to us.' Colonel
+    M'Leod said, 'I am sure Mr. Boswell would speak to <i>him</i>.' But, seeing
+    me a little disconcerted by his remark, he politely added, 'and with
+    great propriety.' Here let me offer a short defence of that propensity
+    in my disposition, to which this gentleman alluded. It has procured me
+    much happiness. I hope it does not deserve so hard a name as either
+    forwardness or impudence. If I know myself, it is nothing more than an
+    eagerness to share the society of men distinguished either by their rank
+    or their talents, and a diligence to attain what I desire<a href="#note-606">[606]</a>. If a man
+    is praised for seeking knowledge, though mountains and seas are in his
+    way, may he not be pardoned, whose ardour, in the pursuit of the same
+    object, leads him to encounter difficulties as great, though of a
+    different kind?
+</p>
+<p>
+    After the ladies were gone from table, we talked of the Highlanders not
+    having sheets; and this led us to consider the advantage of wearing
+    linen. JOHNSON. 'All animal substances are less cleanly than vegetable.
+    Wool, of which flannel is made, is an animal substance; flannel
+    therefore is not so cleanly as linen. I remember I used to think tar
+    dirty; but when I knew it to be only a preparation of the juice of the
+    pine, I thought so no longer. It is not disagreeable to have the gum
+    that oozes from a plum-tree upon your fingers, because it is vegetable;
+    but if you have any candle-grease, any tallow upon your fingers, you are
+    uneasy till you rub it off. I have often thought, that if I kept a
+    seraglio, the ladies should all wear linen gowns,&mdash;or cotton; I mean
+    stuffs made of vegetable substances. I would have no silk; you cannot
+    tell when it is clean: It will be very nasty before it is perceived to
+    be so. Linen detects its own dirtiness.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    To hear the grave Dr. Samuel Johnson, 'that majestick teacher of moral
+    and religious wisdom,' while sitting solemn in an armchair in the Isle
+    of Sky, talk, <i>ex cathedra</i>, of his keeping a seraglio<a href="#note-607">[607]</a>, and
+    acknowledge that the supposition had <i>often</i> been in his thoughts,
+    struck me so forcibly with ludicrous contrast, that I could not but
+    laugh immoderately. He was too proud to submit, even for a moment, to be
+    the object of ridicule, and instantly retaliated with such keen
+    sarcastick wit, and such a variety of degrading images, of every one of
+    which I was the object, that, though I can bear such attacks as well as
+    most men, I yet found myself so much the sport of all the company, that
+    I would gladly expunge from my mind every trace of this severe retort.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Talking of our friend Langton's house in Lincolnshire, he said, 'the old
+    house of the family was burnt. A temporary building was erected in its
+    room; and to this day they have been always adding as the family
+    increased. It is like a shirt made for a man when he was a child, and
+    enlarged always as he grows older.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We talked to-night of Luther's allowing the Landgrave of Hesse two
+    wives, and that it was with the consent of the wife to whom he was first
+    married. JOHNSON. 'There was no harm in this, so far as she was only
+    concerned, because <i>volenti non fit injuria</i>. But it was an offence
+    against the general order of society, and against the law of the Gospel,
+    by which one man and one woman are to be united. No man can have two
+    wives, but by preventing somebody else from having one.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_41"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 17.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    After dinner yesterday, we had a conversation upon cunning. M'Leod said
+    that he was not afraid of cunning people; but would let them play their
+    tricks about him like monkeys. 'But, (said I,) they'll scratch;' and Mr.
+    M'Queen added, 'they'll invent new tricks, as soon as you find out what
+    they do.' JOHNSON. 'Cunning has effect from the credulity of others,
+    rather than from the abilities of those who are cunning. It requires no
+    extraordinary talents to lie and deceive<a href="#note-608">[608]</a>.' This led us to consider
+    whether it did not require great abilities to be very wicked. JOHNSON.
+    'It requires great abilities to have the <i>power</i> of being very wicked;
+    but not to <i>be</i> very wicked. A man who has the power, which great
+    abilities procure him, may use it well or ill; and it requires more
+    abilities to use it well, than to use it ill. Wickedness is always
+    easier than virtue; for it takes the short cut to every thing. It is
+    much easier to steal a hundred pounds, than to get it by labour, or any
+    other way. Consider only what act of wickedness requires great abilities
+    to commit it, when once the person who is to do it has the power; for
+    <i>there</i> is the distinction. It requires great abilities to conquer an
+    army, but none to massacre it after it is conquered.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    The weather this day was rather better than any that we had since we
+    came to Dunvegan. Mr. M'Queen had often mentioned a curious piece of
+    antiquity near this, which he called a temple of the Goddess ANAITIS.
+    Having often talked of going to see it, he and I set out after
+    breakfast, attended by his servant, a fellow quite like a savage. I must
+    observe here, that in Sky there seems to be much idleness; for men and
+    boys follow you, as colts follow passengers upon a road. The usual
+    figure of a Sky-boy, is a <i>lown</i> with bare legs and feet, a dirty
+    <i>kilt</i>, ragged coat and waistcoat, a bare head, and a stick in his hand,
+    which, I suppose, is partly to help the lazy rogue to walk, partly to
+    serve as a kind of a defensive weapon. We walked what is called two
+    miles, but is probably four, from the castle, till we came to the sacred
+    place. The country around is a black dreary moor on all sides, except to
+    the sea-coast, towards which there is a view through a valley; and the
+    farm of <i>Bay</i> shews some good land. The place itself is green ground,
+    being well drained by means of a deep glen on each side, in both of
+    which there runs a rivulet with a good quantity of water, forming
+    several cascades, which make a considerable appearance and sound. The
+    first thing we came to was an earthen mound, or dyke, extending from the
+    one precipice to the other. A little farther on was a strong stone-wall,
+    not high, but very thick, extending in the same manner. On the outside
+    of it were the ruins of two houses, one on each side of the entry or
+    gate to it. The wall is built all along of uncemented stones, but of so
+    large a size as to make a very firm and durable rampart. It has been
+    built all about the consecrated ground, except where the precipice is
+    steep enough to form an inclosure of itself. The sacred spot contains
+    more than two acres. There are within it the ruins of many houses, none
+    of them large,&mdash;a <i>cairn</i>,&mdash;and many graves marked by clusters of
+    stones. Mr. M'Queen insisted that the ruin of a small building, standing
+    east and west, was actually the temple of the Goddess ANAITIS, where her
+    statue was kept, and from whence processions were made to wash it in one
+    of the brooks. There is, it must be owned, a hollow road, visible for a
+    good way from the entrance; but Mr. M'Queen, with the keen eye of an
+    antiquary, traced it much farther than I could perceive it. There is not
+    above a foot and a half in height of the walls now remaining; and the
+    whole extent of the building was never, I imagine, greater than an
+    ordinary Highland house. Mr. M'Queen has collected a great deal of
+    learning on the subject of the temple of ANAITIS; and I had endeavoured,
+    in my <i>Journal</i>, to state such particulars as might give some idea of
+    it, and of the surrounding scenery; but from the great difficulty of
+    describing visible objects<a href="#note-609">[609]</a>, I found my account so unsatisfactory,
+    that my readers would probably have exclaimed
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'And write about it, <i>Goddess</i>, and about it<a href="#note-610">[610]</a>;'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    and therefore I have omitted it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    When we got home, and were again at table with Dr. Johnson, we first
+    talked of portraits. He agreed in thinking them valuable in families. I
+    wished to know which he preferred, fine portraits, or those of which the
+    merit was resemblance. JOHNSON. 'Sir, their chief excellence is being
+    like.' BOSWELL. 'Are you of that opinion as to the portraits of
+    ancestors, whom one has never seen?' JOHNSON. 'It then becomes of more
+    consequence that they should be like; and I would have them in the dress
+    of the times, which makes a piece of history. One should like to see how
+    <i>Rorie More</i> looked. Truth, Sir, is of the greatest value in these
+    things<a href="#note-611">[611]</a>.' Mr. M'Queen observed, that if you think it of no
+    consequence whether portraits are like, if they are but well painted,
+    you may be indifferent whether a piece of history is true or not, if
+    well told.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson said at breakfast to-day, 'that it was but of late that
+    historians bestowed pains and attention in consulting records, to attain
+    to accuracy<a href="#note-1">[1]</a>. Bacon, in writing his history of Henry VII, does not
+    seem to have consulted any, but to have just taken what he found in
+    other histories, and blended it with what he learnt by tradition.' He
+    agreed with me that there should be a chronicle kept in every
+    considerable family, to preserve the characters and transactions of
+    successive generations.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After dinner I started the subject of the temple of ANAITIS. Mr. M'Queen
+    had laid stress on the name given to the place by the country
+    people,&mdash;<i>Ainnit</i>; and added, 'I knew not what to make of this piece of
+    antiquity, till I met with the <i>Anaitidis delubrum</i> in Lydia, mentioned
+    by Pausanias and the elder Pliny.' Dr. Johnson, with his usual
+    acuteness, examined Mr. M'Queen as to the meaning of the word <i>Ainnit</i>,
+    in Erse; and it proved to be a <i>water-place</i>, or a place near water,
+    'which,' said Mr. M'Queen, 'agrees with all the descriptions of the
+    temples of that goddess, which were situated near rivers, that there
+    might be water to wash the statue.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir, the argument
+    from the name is gone. The name is exhausted by what we see. We have no
+    occasion to go to a distance for what we can pick up under our feet. Had
+    it been an accidental name, the similarity between it and Anaitis might
+    have had something in it; but it turns out to be a mere physiological
+    name.' Macleod said, Mr. M'Queen's knowledge of etymology had destroyed
+    his conjecture. JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; Mr. M'Queen is like the eagle
+    mentioned by Waller, who was shot with an arrow feather'd from his own
+    wing<a href="#note-612">[612]</a>.' Mr. M'Queen would not, however, give up his conjecture.
+    JOHNSON. 'You have one possibility for you, and all possibilities
+    against you. It is possible it may be the temple of Anaitis. But it is
+    also possible that it may be a fortification; or it may be a place of
+    Christian worship, as the first Christians often chose remote and wild
+    places, to make an impression on the mind; or, if it was a heathen
+    temple, it may have been built near a river, for the purpose of
+    lustration; and there is such a multitude of divinities, to whom it may
+    have been dedicated, that the chance of its being a temple of <i>Anaitis</i>
+    is hardly any thing. It is like throwing a grain of sand upon the
+    sea-shore to-day, and thinking you may find it to-morrow. No, Sir, this
+    temple, like many an ill-built edifice, tumbles down before it is roofed
+    in.' In his triumph over the reverend antiquarian, he indulged himself
+    in a <i>conceit</i>; for, some vestige of the <i>altar</i> of the goddess being
+    much insisted on in support of the hypothesis, he said, 'Mr. M'Queen is
+    fighting <i>pro</i> aris <i>et focis'</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    It was wonderful how well time passed in a remote castle, and in dreary
+    weather. After supper, we talked of Pennant. It was objected that he was
+    superficial. Dr. Johnson defended him warmly<a href="#note-613">[613]</a>. He said, 'Pennant has
+    greater variety of enquiry than almost any man, and has told us more
+    than perhaps one in ten thousand could have done, in the time that he
+    took. He has not said what he was to tell; so you cannot find fault with
+    him, for what he has not told. If a man comes to look for fishes, you
+    cannot blame him if he does not attend to fowls.' 'But,' said Colonel
+    M'Leod, 'he mentions the unreasonable rise of rents in the Highlands,
+    and says, "the gentlemen are for emptying the bag, without filling
+    it<a href="#note-614">[614]</a>;" for that is the phrase he uses. Why does he not tell how to
+    fill it?' JOHNSON. 'Sir, there is no end of negative criticism. He tells
+    what he observes, and as much as he chooses. If he tells what is not
+    true, you may find fault with him; but, though he tells that the land is
+    not well cultivated, he is not obliged to tell how it may be well
+    cultivated. If I tell that many of the Highlanders go bare-footed, I am
+    not obliged to tell how they may get shoes. Pennant tells a fact. He
+    need go no farther, except he pleases. He exhausts nothing; and no
+    subject whatever has yet been exhausted. But Pennant has surely told a
+    great deal. Here is a man six feet high, and you are angry because he is
+    not seven.' Notwithstanding this eloquent <i>Oratio pro Pennantio</i>, which
+    they who have read this gentleman's <i>Tours</i>, and recollect the <i>Savage</i>
+    and the <i>Shopkeeper</i> at <i>Monboddo</i><a href="#note-615">[615]</a>, will probably impute to the
+    spirit of contradiction, I still think that he had better have given
+    more attention to fewer things, than have thrown together such a number
+    of imperfect accounts.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_42"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 18.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Before breakfast, Dr. Johnson came up to my room to forbid me to mention
+    that this was his birthday; but I told him I had done it already; at
+    which he was displeased<a href="#note-616">[616]</a>; I suppose from wishing to have nothing
+    particular done on his account. Lady M'Leod and I got into a warm
+    dispute. She wanted to build a house upon a farm which she has taken,
+    about five miles from the castle, and to make gardens and other
+    ornaments there; all of which I approved of; but insisted that the seat
+    of the family should always be upon the rock of Dunvegan. JOHNSON. 'Ay,
+    in time we'll build all round this rock. You may make a very good house
+    at the farm; but it must not be such as to tempt the Laird of M'Leod to
+    go thither to reside. Most of the great families in England have a
+    secondary residence, which is called a jointure-house: let the new house
+    be of that kind.' The lady insisted that the rock was very inconvenient;
+    that there was no place near it where a good garden could be made; that
+    it must always be a rude place; that it was a <i>Herculean</i> labour to make
+    a dinner here. I was vexed to find the alloy of modern refinement in a
+    lady who had so much old family spirit. 'Madam, (said I,) if once you
+    quit this rock, there is no knowing where you may settle. You move five
+    miles first;&mdash;then to St. Andrews, as the late Laird did;&mdash;then to
+    Edinburgh;&mdash;and so on till you end at Hampstead, or in France. No, no;
+    keep to the rock: it is the very jewel of the estate. It looks as if it
+    had been let down from heaven by the four corners, to be the residence
+    of a Chief. Have all the comforts and conveniences of life upon it, but
+    never leave Rorie More's cascade.' 'But, (said she,) is it not enough if
+    we keep it? Must we never have more convenience than Rorie More had? he
+    had his beef brought to dinner in one basket, and his bread in another.
+    Why not as well be Rorie More all over, as live upon his rock? And
+    should not we tire, in looking perpetually on this rock? It is very well
+    for you, who have a fine place, and every thing easy, to talk thus, and
+    think of chaining honest folks to a rock. You would not live upon it
+    yourself.' 'Yes, Madam, (said I,) I would live upon it, were I Laird of
+    M'Leod, and should be unhappy if I were not upon it.' JOHNSON. (with a
+    strong voice, and most determined manner), 'Madam, rather than quit the
+    old rock, Boswell would live in the pit; he would make his bed in the
+    dungeon.' I felt a degree of elation, at finding my resolute feudal
+    enthusiasm thus confirmed by such a sanction. The lady was puzzled a
+    little. She still returned to her pretty farm,&mdash;rich ground,&mdash;fine
+    garden. 'Madam, (said Dr. Johnson,) were they in Asia, I would not leave
+    the rock.' My opinion on this subject is still the same. An ancient
+    family residence ought to be a primary object; and though the situation
+    of Dunvegan be such that little can be done here in gardening, or
+    pleasure-ground, yet, in addition to the veneration required by the
+    lapse of time, it has many circumstances of natural grandeur, suited to
+    the seat of a Highland Chief: it has the sea&mdash;islands&mdash;rocks,&mdash;hills,
+    &mdash;a noble cascade; and when the family is again in opulence, something
+    may be done by art.  Mr. Donald M'Queen went away to-day, in order to
+    preach at Bracadale next day. We were so comfortably situated at
+    Dunvegan, that Dr. Johnson could hardly be moved from it. I proposed to
+    him that we should leave it on Monday. 'No, Sir, (said he,) I will not
+    go before Wednesday. I will have some more of this good<a href="#note-617">[617]</a>.' However,
+    as the weather was at this season so bad, and so very uncertain, and we
+    had a great deal to do yet, Mr. M'Queen and I prevailed with him to
+    agree to set out on Monday, if the day should be good. Mr. M'Queen,
+    though it was inconvenient for him to be absent from his harvest,
+    engaged to wait on Monday at Ulinish for us. When he was going away, Dr.
+    Johnson said, 'I shall ever retain a great regard for you<a href="#note-618">[618]</a>;' then
+    asked him if he had <i>The Rambler</i>. Mr. M'Queen said, 'No; but my brother
+    has it.' JOHNSON. 'Have you <i>The Idler</i>? M'QUEEN. 'No, Sir.' JOHNSON.
+    'Then I will order one for you at Edinburgh, which you will keep in
+    remembrance of me.' Mr. M'Queen was much pleased with this. He expressed
+    to me, in the strongest terms, his admiration of Dr. Johnson's wonderful
+    knowledge, and every other quality for which he is distinguished. I
+    asked Mr. M'Queen, if he was satisfied with being a minister in Sky. He
+    said he was; but he owned that his forefathers having been so long
+    there, and his having been born there, made a chief ingredient in
+    forming his contentment. I should have mentioned that on our left hand,
+    between Portree and Dr. Macleod's house, Mr. M'Queen told me there had
+    been a college of the Knights Templars; that tradition said so; and that
+    there was a ruin remaining of their church, which had been burnt: but I
+    confess Dr. Johnson has weakened my belief in remote tradition. In the
+    dispute about <i>Anaitis</i>, Mr. M'Queen said, Asia Minor was peopled by
+    Scythians, and, as they were the ancestors of the Celts, the same
+    religion might be in Asia Minor and Sky. JOHNSON. 'Alas! Sir, what can a
+    nation that has not letters tell of its original. I have always
+    difficulty to be patient when I hear authours gravely quoted, as giving
+    accounts of savage nations, which accounts they had from the savages
+    themselves. What can the <i>M'Craas</i><a href="#note-619">[619]</a> tell about themselves a thousand
+    years ago? There is no tracing the connection of ancient nations, but by
+    language; and therefore I am always sorry when any language is lost,
+    because languages are the pedigree of nations<a href="#note-620">[620]</a>. If you find the same
+    language in distant countries, you may be sure that the inhabitants of
+    each have been the same people; that is to say, if you find the
+    languages a good deal the same; for a word here and there being the
+    same, will not do. Thus Butler, in his <i>Hudibras</i>, remembering that
+    <i>Penguin</i>, in the Straits of Magellan, signifies a bird with a white
+    head, and that the same word has, in Wales, the signification of a
+    white-headed wench, (<i>pen</i> head, and <i>guin</i> white,) by way of ridicule,
+    concludes that the people of those Straits are Welsh<a href="#note-621">[621]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    A young gentleman of the name of M'Lean, nephew to the Laird of the isle
+    of Muck, came this morning; and, just as we sat down to dinner, came the
+    Laird of the isle, of Muck himself, his lady, sister to Talisker, two
+    other ladies their relations, and a daughter of the late M'Leod of
+    Hamer, who wrote a treatise on the second sight, under the designation
+    of THEOPHILUS INSULANUS<a href="#note-622">[622]</a>. It was somewhat droll to hear this Laird
+    called by his title. <i>Muck</i> would have sounded ill; so he was called
+    <i>Isle of Muck</i>, which went off with great readiness. The name, as now
+    written, is unseemly, but it is not so bad in the original Erse, which
+    is <i>Mouach</i>, signifying the Sows' Island. Buchanan calls it INSULA
+    PORCORUM. It is so called from its form. Some call it Isle of <i>Monk</i>.
+    The Laird insists that this is the proper name. It was formerly
+    church-land belonging to Icolmkill, and a hermit lived in it. It is two
+    miles long, and about three quarters of a mile broad. The Laird said, he
+    had seven score of souls upon it. Last year he had eighty persons
+    inoculated, mostly children, but some of them eighteen years of age. He
+    agreed with the surgeon to come and do it, at half a crown a head. It is
+    very fertile in corn, of which they export some; and its coasts abound
+    in fish. A taylor comes there six times in a year. They get a good
+    blacksmith from the isle of Egg.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_43"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 19.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    It was rather worse weather than any that we had yet. At breakfast Dr.
+    Johnson said, 'Some cunning men choose fools for their wives, thinking
+    to manage them, but they always fail. There is a spaniel fool and a mule
+    fool. The spaniel fool may be made to do by beating. The mule fool will
+    neither do by words or blows; and the spaniel fool often turns mule at
+    last: and suppose a fool to be made do pretty well, you must have the
+    continual trouble of making her do. Depend upon it, no woman is the
+    worse for sense and knowledge.<a href="#note-623">[623]</a>' Whether afterwards he meant merely
+    to say a polite thing, or to give his opinion, I could not be sure; but
+    he added, 'Men know that women are an over-match for them, and therefore
+    they choose the weakest or most ignorant. If they did not think so, they
+    never could be afraid of women knowing as much as themselves.'<a href="#note-624">[624]</a> In
+    justice to the sex, I think it but candid to acknowledge, that, in a
+    subsequent conversation, he told me that he was serious in what he
+    had said.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He came to my room this morning before breakfast, to read my Journal,
+    which he has done all along. He often before said, 'I take great delight
+    in reading it.' To-day he said, 'You improve: it grows better and
+    better.' I observed, there was a danger of my getting a habit of writing
+    in a slovenly manner. 'Sir,' said he, 'it is not written in a slovenly
+    manner. It might be printed, were the subject fit for printing<a href="#note-625">[625]</a>.'
+    While Mr. Beaton preached to us in the dining-room, Dr. Johnson sat in
+    his own room, where I saw lying before him a volume of Lord Bacon's
+    works, <i>The Decay of Christian Piety</i>, Monboddo's <i>Origin of Language</i>,
+    and Sterne's <i>Sermons</i><a href="#note-626">[626]</a>. He asked me to-day how it happened that we
+    were so little together: I told him, my Journal took up much time. Yet,
+    on reflection, it appeared strange to me, that although I will run from
+    one end of London to another to pass an hour with him, I should omit to
+    seize any spare time to be in his company, when I am settled in the same
+    house with him. But my Journal is really a task of much time and labour,
+    and he forbids me to contract it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I omitted to mention, in its place, that Dr. Johnson told Mr. M'Queen
+    that he had found the belief of the second sight universal in Sky,
+    except among the clergy, who seemed determined against it. I took the
+    liberty to observe to Mr. M'Queen, that the clergy were actuated by a
+    kind of vanity. 'The world, (say they,) takes us to be credulous men in
+    a remote corner. We'll shew them that we are more enlightened than they
+    think.' The worthy man said, that his disbelief of it was from his not
+    finding sufficient evidence; but I could perceive that he was prejudiced
+    against it<a href="#note-627">[627]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After dinner to-day, we talked of the extraordinary fact of Lady
+    Grange's being sent to St. Kilda, and confined there for several years,
+    without any means of relief<a href="#note-628">[628]</a>. Dr. Johnson said, if M'Leod would let
+    it be known that he had such a place for naughty ladies, he might make
+    it a very profitable island. We had, in the course of our tour, heard of
+    St. Kilda poetry. Dr. Johnson observed, 'it must be very poor, because
+    they have very few images.' BOSWELL. 'There may be a poetical genius
+    shewn in combining these, and in making poetry of them.' JOHNSON. 'Sir,
+    a man cannot make fire but in proportion as he has fuel. He cannot coin
+    guineas but in proportion as he has gold.' At tea he talked of his
+    intending to go to Italy in 1775. M'Leod said, he would like Paris
+    better. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; there are none of the French literati now
+    alive, to visit whom I would cross a sea. I can find in Buffon's book
+    all that he can say<a href="#note-629">[629]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    After supper he said, 'I am sorry that prize-fighting is gone out<a href="#note-630">[630]</a>;
+    every art should be preserved, and the art of defence is surely
+    important. It is absurd that our soldiers should have swords, and not be
+    taught the use of them. Prize-fighting made people accustomed not to be
+    alarmed at seeing their own blood, or feeling a little pain from a
+    wound. I think the heavy <i>glaymore</i> was an ill-contrived weapon. A man
+    could only strike once with it. It employed both his hands, and he must
+    of course be soon fatigued with wielding it; so that if his antagonist
+    could only keep playing a while, he was sure of him. I would fight with
+    a dirk against Rorie More's sword. I could ward off a blow with a dirk,
+    and then run in upon my enemy. When within that heavy sword, I have him;
+    he is quite helpless, and I could stab him at my leisure, like a calf.
+    It is thought by sensible military men, that the English do not enough
+    avail themselves of their superior strength of body against the French;
+    for that must always have a great advantage in pushing with bayonets. I
+    have heard an officer say, that if women could be made to stand, they
+    would do as well as men in a mere interchange of bullets from a
+    distance: but, if a body of men should come close up to them, then to be
+    sure they must be overcome; now, (said he,) in the same manner the
+    weaker-bodied French must be overcome by our strong soldiers.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    The subject of duelling was introduced<a href="#note-631">[631]</a> JOHNSON. 'There is no case
+    in England where one or other of the combatants <i>must</i> die: if you have
+    overcome your adversary by disarming him, that is sufficient, though you
+    should not kill him; your honour, or the honour of your family, is
+    restored, as much as it can be by a duel. It is cowardly to force your
+    antagonist to renew the combat, when you know that you have the
+    advantage of him by superior skill. You might just as well go and cut
+    his throat while he is asleep in his bed. When a duel begins, it is
+    supposed there may be an equality; because it is not always skill that
+    prevails. It depends much on presence of mind; nay on accidents. The
+    wind may be in a man's face. He may fall. Many such things may decide
+    the superiority. A man is sufficiently punished, by being called out,
+    and subjected to the risk that is in a duel.' But on my suggesting that
+    the injured person is equally subjected to risk, he fairly owned he
+    could not explain the rationality of duelling.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_44"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 20.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    When I awaked, the storm was higher still. It abated about nine, and the
+    sun shone; but it rained again very soon, and it was not a day for
+    travelling. At breakfast, Dr. Johnson told us, 'there was once a pretty
+    good tavern in Catherine-street in the Strand, where very good company
+    met in an evening, and each man called for his own half-pint of wine, or
+    gill, if he pleased; they were frugal men, and nobody paid but for what
+    he himself drank. The house furnished no supper; but a woman attended
+    with mutton-pies, which any body might purchase. I was introduced to
+    this company by Cumming the Quaker<a href="#note-632">[632]</a>, and used to go there sometimes
+    when I drank wine. In the last age, when my mother lived in London,
+    there were two sets of people, those who gave the wall, and those who
+    took it; the peaceable and the quarrelsome. When I returned to
+    Lichfield, after having been in London, my mother asked me whether I was
+    one of those who gave the wall, or those who took it. Now, it is fixed
+    that every man keeps to the right; or, if one is taking the wall,
+    another yields it, and it is never a dispute<a href="#note-633">[633]</a>.' He was very severe
+    on a lady, whose name was mentioned. He said, he would have sent her to
+    St. Kilda. That she was as bad as negative badness could be, and stood
+    in the way of what was good: that insipid beauty would not go a great
+    way; and that such a woman might be cut out of a cabbage, if there was a
+    skilful artificer.
+</p>
+<p>
+    M'Leod was too late in coming to breakfast. Dr. Johnson said, laziness
+    was worse than the tooth-ach. BOSWELL. 'I cannot agree with you, Sir; a
+    bason of cold water or a horse whip will cure laziness.' JOHNSON. 'No,
+    Sir, it will only put off the fit; it will not cure the disease. I have
+    been trying to cure my laziness all my life, and could not do it.'
+    BOSWELL. 'But if a man does in a shorter time what might be the labour
+    of a life, there is nothing to be said against him.' JOHNSON (perceiving
+    at once that I alluded to him and his <i>Dictionary</i>). 'Suppose that
+    flattery to be true, the consequence would be, that the world would have
+    no right to censure a man; but that will not justify him to
+    himself<a href="#note-634">[634]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    After breakfast, he said to me, 'A Highland Chief should now endeavour
+    to do every thing to raise his rents, by means of the industry of his
+    people. Formerly, it was right for him to have his house full of idle
+    fellows; they were his defenders, his servants, his dependants, his
+    friends. Now they may be better employed. The system of things is now so
+    much altered, that the family cannot have influence but by riches,
+    because it has no longer the power of ancient feudal times. An
+    individual of a family may have it; but it cannot now belong to a
+    family, unless you could have a perpetuity of men with the same views.
+    M'Leod has four times the land that the Duke of Bedford has. I think,
+    with his spirit, he may in time make himself the greatest man in the
+    King's dominions; for land may always be improved to a certain degree. I
+    would never have any man sell land, to throw money into the funds, as is
+    often done, or to try any other species of trade. Depend upon it, this
+    rage of trade will destroy itself. You and I shall not see it; but the
+    time will come when there will be an end of it. Trade is like gaming. If
+    a whole company are gamesters, play must cease; for there is nothing to
+    be won. When all nations are traders, there is nothing to be gained by
+    trade<a href="#note-635">[635]</a>, and it will stop first where it is brought to the greatest
+    perfection. Then the proprietors of land only will be the great men.' I
+    observed, it was hard that M'Leod should find ingratitude in so many of
+    his people. JOHNSON. 'Sir, gratitude is a fruit of great cultivation;
+    you do not find it among gross people.' I doubt of this. Nature seems to
+    have implanted gratitude in all living creatures<a href="#note-636">[636]</a>. The lion,
+    mentioned by Aulus Gellius, had it<a href="#note-637">[637]</a>. It appears to me that culture,
+    which brings luxury and selfishness with it, has a tendency rather to
+    weaken than promote this affection.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson said this morning, when talking of our setting out, that he
+    was in the state in which Lord Bacon represents kings. He desired the
+    end, but did not like the means<a href="#note-638">[638]</a>. He wished much to get home, but
+    was unwilling to travel in Sky. 'You are like kings too in this, Sir,
+    (said I,) that you must act under the direction of others.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_45"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 21.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    The uncertainty of our present situation having prevented me from
+    receiving any letters from home for some time, I could not help being
+    uneasy. Dr. Johnson had an advantage over me, in this respect, he having
+    no wife or child to occasion anxious apprehensions in his mind<a href="#note-639">[639]</a>. It
+    was a good morning; so we resolved to set out. But, before quitting this
+    castle, where we have been so well entertained, let me give a short
+    description of it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Along the edge of the rock, there are the remains of a wall, which is
+    now covered with ivy. A square court is formed by buildings of different
+    ages, particularly some towers, said to be of great antiquity; and at
+    one place there is a row of false cannon of stone<a href="#note-640">[640]</a>. There is a very
+    large unfinished pile, four stories high, which we were told was here
+    when <i>Leod</i>, the first of this family, came from the Isle of Man,
+    married the heiress of the M'Crails, the ancient possessors of Dunvegan,
+    and afterwards acquired by conquest as much land as he had got by
+    marriage. He surpassed the house of Austria; for he was <i>felix</i> both
+    <i>bella gerere</i> et <i>nubere</i><a href="#note-641">[641]</a>. John <i>Breck</i> M'Leod, the grandfather of
+    the late laird, began to repair the castle, or rather to complete it:
+    but he did not live to finish his undertaking<a href="#note-642">[642]</a>. Not doubting,
+    however, that he should do it, he, like those who have had their
+    epitaphs written before they died, ordered the following inscription,
+    composed by the minister of the parish, to be cut upon a broad stone
+    above one of the lower windows, where it still remains to celebrate what
+    was not done, and to serve as a memento of the uncertainty of life, and
+    the presumption of man:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Joannes Macleod Beganoduni Dominus gentis suae Philarchus<a href="#note-643">[643]</a>,
+    Durinesiae Haraiae Vaternesiae, &amp;c.: Baro D. Florae Macdonald
+    matrimoniali vinculo conjugatus turrem hanc Beganodunensem proavorum
+    habitaculum longe vetustissimum diu penitus labefectatam Anno aerae
+    vulgaris MDCLXXXVI. instauravit.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Quem stabilire juvat proavorum tecta vetusta,
+      Omne scelus fugiat, justitiamque colat.
+      Vertit in aerias turres magalia virtus,
+      Inque casas humiles tecta superba nefas.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    M'Leod and Talisker accompanied us. We passed by the parish church of
+    <i>Durinish</i>. The church-yard is not inclosed, but a pretty murmuring
+    brook runs along one side of it. In it is a pyramid erected to the
+    memory of Thomas Lord Lovat, by his son Lord Simon, who suffered on
+    Tower-hill<a href="#note-644">[644]</a>. It is of free-stone, and, I suppose, about thirty feet
+    high. There is an inscription on a piece of white marble inserted in it,
+    which I suspect to have been the composition of Lord Lovat himself,
+    being much in his pompous style:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'This pyramid was erected by SIMON LORD FRASER of LOVAT, in honour of
+    Lord THOMAS his Father, a Peer of Scotland, and Chief of the great and
+    ancient Clan of the FRASERS. Being attacked for his birthright by the
+    family of ATHOLL, then in power and favour with KING WILLIAM, yet, by
+    the valour and fidelity of his clan, and the assistance of the
+    CAMPBELLS, the old friends and allies of his family, he defended his
+    birthright with such greatness and fermety of soul, and such valour and
+    activity, that he was an honour to his name, and a good pattern to all
+    brave Chiefs of clans. He died in the month of May, 1699, in the 63rd
+    year of his age, in Dunvegan, the house of the LAIRD of MAC LEOD, whose
+    sister he had married: by whom he had the above SIMON LORD FRASER, and
+    several other children. And, for the great love he bore to the family of
+    MAC LEOD, he desired to be buried near his wife's relations, in the
+    place where two of her uncles lay. And his son LORD SIMON, to shew to
+    posterity his great affection for his mother's kindred, the brave MAC
+    LEODS, chooses rather to leave his father's bones with them, than carry
+    them to his own burial-place, near Lovat.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I have preserved this inscription<a href="#note-645">[645]</a>, though of no great value,
+    thinking it characteristical of a man who has made some noise in the
+    world. Dr. Johnson said, it was poor stuff, such as Lord Lovat's butler
+    might have written.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I observed, in this church-yard, a parcel of people assembled at a
+    funeral, before the grave was dug. The coffin, with the corpse in it,
+    was placed on the ground, while the people alternately assisted in
+    making a grave. One man, at a little distance, was busy cutting a long
+    turf for it, with the crooked spade which is used in Sky; a very aukward
+    instrument. The iron part of it is like a plough-coulter. It has a rude
+    tree for a handle, in which a wooden pin is placed for the foot to press
+    upon. A traveller might, without further enquiry, have set this down as
+    the mode of burying in Sky. I was told, however, that the usual way is
+    to have a grave previously dug.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I observed to-day, that the common way of carrying home their grain here
+    is in loads on horseback. They have also a few sleds, or <i>cars</i>, as we
+    call them in Ayrshire, clumsily made, and rarely used<a href="#note-646">[646]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We got to Ulinish about six o'clock, and found a very good farm-house,
+    of two stories. Mr. M'Leod of Ulinish, the sheriff-substitute of the
+    island, was a plain honest gentleman, a good deal like an English
+    Justice of peace; not much given to talk, but sufficiently sagacious,
+    and somewhat droll. His daughter, though she was never out of Sky, was a
+    very well-bred woman. Our reverend friend, Mr. Donald M'Queen, kept his
+    appointment, and met us here.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Talking of Phipps's voyage to the North Pole, Dr. Johnson observed, that
+    it 'was conjectured that our former navigators have kept too near land,
+    and so have found the sea frozen far north, because the land hinders the
+    free motion of the tide; but, in the wide ocean, where the waves tumble
+    at their full convenience, it is imagined that the frost does not take
+    effect.'<a href="#note-647">[647]</a>
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_46"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 22.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    In the morning I walked out, and saw a ship, the Margaret of Clyde, pass
+    by with a number of emigrants on board. It was a melancholy sight. After
+    breakfast, we went to see what was called a subterraneous house, about a
+    mile off. It was upon the side of a rising ground. It was discovered by
+    a fox's having taken up his abode in it, and in chasing him, they dug
+    into it. It was very narrow and low, and seemed about forty feet in
+    length. Near it, we found the foundations of several small huts, built
+    of stone. Mr. M'Queen, who is always for making every thing as ancient
+    as possible, boasted that it was the dwelling of some of the first
+    inhabitants of the island, and observed, what a curiosity it was to find
+    here a specimen of the houses of the <i>Aborigines</i>, which he believed
+    could be found no where else; and it was plain that they lived without
+    fire. Dr. Johnson remarked, that they who made this were not in the
+    rudest state; for that it was more difficult to make <i>it</i> than to build
+    a house; therefore certainly those who made it were in possession of
+    houses, and had this only as a hiding-place. It appeared to me, that the
+    vestiges of houses, just by it, confirmed Dr. Johnson's opinion.
+</p>
+<p>
+    From an old tower, near this place, is an extensive view of
+    Loch-Braccadil, and, at a distance, of the isles of Barra and South
+    Uist; and on the land-side, the <i>Cuillin</i>, a prodigious range of
+    mountains, capped with rocky pinnacles in a strange variety of shapes.
+    They resemble the mountains near Corté in Corsica, of which there is a
+    very good print. They make part of a great range for deer, which, though
+    entirely devoid of trees, is in these countries called a <i>forest</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the afternoon, Ulinish carried us in his boat to an island possessed
+    by him, where we saw an immense cave, much more deserving the title of
+    <i>antrum immane</i><a href="#note-648">[648]</a> than that of the Sybil described by Virgil, which I
+    likewise have visited. It is one hundred and eighty feet long, about
+    thirty feet broad, and at least thirty feet high. This cave, we were
+    told, had a remarkable echo; but we found none<a href="#note-649">[649]</a>. They said it was
+    owing to the great rains having made it damp. Such are the excuses by
+    which the exaggeration of Highland narratives is palliated. There is a
+    plentiful garden at Ulinish, (a great rarity in Sky,) and several trees;
+    and near the house is a hill, which has an Erse name, signifying, <i>'the
+    hill of strife'</i>, where, Mr. M'Queen informed us, justice was of old
+    administered. It is like the <i>mons placiti</i> of Scone, or those hills
+    which are called <i>laws</i><a href="#note-650">[650]</a>, such as Kelly <i>law</i>, North Berwick <i>law</i>,
+    and several others. It is singular that this spot should happen now to
+    be the sheriff's residence.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We had a very cheerful evening, and Dr. Johnson talked a good deal on
+    the subject of literature. Speaking of the noble family of Boyle, he
+    said, that all the Lord Orrerys, till the present, had been writers.
+    The first wrote several plays<a href="#note-651">[651]</a>; the second[652] was Bentley's
+    antagonist; the third<a href="#note-653">[653]</a> wrote the <i>Life of Swift</i>, and several other
+    things; his son Hamilton wrote some papers in the <i>Adventurer</i> and
+    <i>World</i>. He told us, he was well acquainted with Swift's Lord Orrery. He
+    said, he was a feebleminded man; that, on the publication of Dr.
+    Delany's <i>Remarks</i> on his book, he was so much alarmed that he was
+    afraid to read them. Dr. Johnson comforted him, by telling him they were
+    both in the right; that Delany had seen most of the good side of
+    Swift,&mdash;Lord Orrery most of the bad. M'Leod asked, if it was not wrong
+    in Orrery to expose the defects of a man with whom he lived in intimacy.
+    JOHNSON. 'Why no, Sir, after the man is dead; for then it is done
+    historically<a href="#note-654">[654]</a>.' He added, 'If Lord Orrery had been rich, he would
+    have been a very liberal patron. His conversation was like his writings,
+    neat and elegant, but without strength. He grasped at more than his
+    abilities could reach; tried to pass for a better talker, a better
+    writer, and a better thinker than he was<a href="#note-655">[655]</a>. There was a quarrel
+    between him and his father, in which his father was to blame; because it
+    arose from the son's not allowing his wife to keep company with his
+    father's mistress. The old lord shewed his resentment in his
+    will<a href="#note-656">[656]</a>,&mdash;leaving his library from his son, and assigning, as his
+    reason, that he could not make use of it.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I mentioned the affectation of Orrery, in ending all his letters on the
+    <i>Life of Swift</i> in studied varieties of phrase<a href="#note-657">[657]</a>, and never in the
+    common mode of <i>'I am'</i>, &amp;c., an observation which I remember to have
+    been made several years ago by old Mr. Sheridan. This species of
+    affectation in writing, as a foreign lady of distinguished talents once
+    remarked to me, is almost peculiar to the English. I took up a volume of
+    Dryden, containing the CONQUEST of GRANADA, and several other plays, of
+    which all the dedications had such studied conclusions. Dr. Johnson
+    said, such conclusions were more elegant, and in addressing persons of
+    high rank, (as when Dryden dedicated to the Duke of York<a href="#note-658">[658]</a>,) they
+    were likewise more respectful. I agreed that <i>there</i> it was much better:
+    it was making his escape from the Royal presence with a genteel sudden
+    timidity, in place of having the resolution to stand still, and make a
+    formal bow.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Lord Orrery's unkind treatment of his son in his will, led us to talk of
+    the dispositions a man should have when dying. I said, I did not see why
+    a man should act differently with respect to those of whom he thought
+    ill when in health, merely because he was dying. JOHNSON. 'I should not
+    scruple to speak against a party, when dying; but should not do it
+    against an individual. It is told of Sixtus Quintus, that on his
+    death-bed, in the intervals of his last pangs, he signed
+    death-warrants<a href="#note-659">[659]</a>.' Mr. M'Queen said, he should not do so; he would
+    have more tenderness of heart. JOHNSON. 'I believe I should not either;
+    but Mr. M'Queen and I are cowards<a href="#note-660">[660]</a>. It would not be from tenderness
+    of heart; for the heart is as tender when a man is in health as when he
+    is sick, though his resolution may be stronger<a href="#note-661">[661]</a>. Sixtus Quintus was
+    a sovereign as well as a priest; and, if the criminals deserved death,
+    he was doing his duty to the last. You would not think a judge died ill,
+    who should be carried off by an apoplectick fit while pronouncing
+    sentence of death. Consider a class of men whose business it is to
+    distribute death:&mdash;soldiers, who die scattering bullets. Nobody thinks
+    they die ill on that account.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Talking of Biography, he said, he did not think that the life of any
+    literary man in England had been well written<a href="#note-662">[662]</a>. Beside the common
+    incidents of life, it should tell us his studies, his mode of living,
+    the means by which he attained to excellence, and his opinion of his own
+    works. He told us, he had sent Derrick to Dryden's relations, to gather
+    materials for his Life<a href="#note-663">[663]</a>; and he believed Derrick[664] had got all
+    that he himself should have got; but it was nothing. He added, he had a
+    kindness for Derrick, and was sorry he was dead.
+</p>
+<p>
+    His notion as to the poems published by Mr. M'Pherson, as the works of
+    Ossian, was not shaken here. Mr. M'Queen always evaded the point of
+    authenticity, saying only that Mr. M'Pherson's pieces fell far short of
+    those he knew in Erse, which were said to be Ossian's. JOHNSON. 'I hope
+    they do. I am not disputing that you may have poetry of great merit; but
+    that M'Pherson's is not a translation from ancient poetry. You do not
+    believe it. I say before you, you do not believe it, though you are very
+    willing that the world should believe it.' Mr. M'Queen made no answer
+    to this<a href="#note-665">[665]</a>. Dr. Johnson proceeded. 'I look upon M'Pherson's <i>Fingal</i>
+    to be as gross an imposition as ever the world was troubled with. Had it
+    been really an ancient work, a true specimen how men thought at that
+    time, it would have been a curiosity of the first rate. As a modern
+    production, it is nothing.' He said, he could never get the meaning of
+    an <i>Erse</i> song explained to him<a href="#note-666">[666]</a>. They told him, the chorus was
+    generally unmeaning. 'I take it, (said he,) Erse songs are like a song
+    which I remember: it was composed in Queen Elizabeth's time, on the Earl
+    of Essex: and the burthen was
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     "Radaratoo, radarate, radara tadara tandore."'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    'But surely,' said Mr. M'Queen, 'there were words to it, which had
+    meaning.' JOHNSON. 'Why, yes, Sir; I recollect a stanza, and you shall
+    have it:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     "O! then bespoke the prentices all,
+      Living in London, both proper and tall,
+      For Essex's sake they would fight all.
+        Radaratoo, radarate, radara, tadara, tandore<a href="#note-667">[667]</a>."'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    When Mr. M'Queen began again to expatiate on the beauty of Ossian's
+    poetry, Dr. Johnson entered into no farther controversy, but, with a
+    pleasant smile, only cried, 'Ay, ay; <i>Radaratoo radarate'</i>.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_47"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 23.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    I took <i>Fingal</i> down to the parlour in the morning, and tried a test
+    proposed by Mr. Roderick M'Leod, son to Ulinish. Mr. M'Queen had said he
+    had some of the poem in the original. I desired him to mention any
+    passage in the printed book, of which he could repeat the original. He
+    pointed out one in page 50 of the quarto edition, and read the Erse,
+    while Mr. Roderick M'Leod and I looked on the English;&mdash;and Mr. M'Leod
+    said, that it was pretty like what Mr. M'Queen had recited. But when Mr.
+    M'Queen read a description of Cuchullin's sword in Erse, together with a
+    translation of it in English verse, by Sir James Foulis, Mr. M'Leod
+    said, that was much more like than Mr. M'Pherson's translation of the
+    former passage. Mr. M'Queen then repeated in Erse a description of one
+    of the horses in Cuchillin's car. Mr. M'Leod said, Mr. M'Pherson's
+    English was nothing like it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    When Dr. Johnson came down, I told him that I had now obtained some
+    evidence concerning <i>Fingal</i>; for that Mr. M'Queen had repeated a
+    passage in the original Erse, which Mr. M'Pherson's translation was
+    pretty like; and reminded him that he himself had once said, he did not
+    require Mr. M'Pherson's <i>Ossian</i> to be more like the original than
+    Pope's <i>Homer</i>. JOHNSON. 'Well, Sir, this is just what I always
+    maintained. He has found names, and stories, and phrases, nay, passages
+    in old songs, and with them has blended his own compositions, and so
+    made what he gives to the world as the translation of an ancient poem.'
+    If this was the case, I observed, it was wrong to publish it as a poem
+    in six books. JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; and to ascribe it to a time too when
+    the Highlanders knew nothing of <i>books</i>, and nothing of <i>six</i>;&mdash;or
+    perhaps were got the length of counting six. We have been told, by
+    Condamine, of a nation that could count no more than four<a href="#note-668">[668]</a>. This
+    should be told to Monboddo; it would help him. There is as much charity
+    in helping a man down-hill, as in helping him up-hill.' BOSWELL. 'I
+    don't think there is as much charity.' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir, if his
+    <i>tendency</i> be downwards. Till he is at the bottom he flounders; get him
+    once there, and he is quiet. Swift tells, that Stella had a trick, which
+    she learned from Addison, of encouraging a man in absurdity, instead of
+    endeavouring to extricate him<a href="#note-669">[669]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. M'Queen's answers to the inquiries concerning <i>Ossian</i> were so
+    unsatisfactory, that I could not help observing, that, were he examined
+    in a court of justice, he would find himself under a necessity of being
+    more explicit. JOHNSON. 'Sir, he has told Blair a little too much, which
+    is published<a href="#note-670">[670]</a>; and he sticks to it. He is so much at the head of
+    things here, that he has never been accustomed to be closely examined;
+    and so he goes on quite smoothly.' BOSWELL. 'He has never had any body
+    to work<a href="#note-671">[671]</a> him.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; and a man is seldom disposed to
+    work himself; though he ought to work himself, to be sure.' Mr. M'Queen
+    made no reply<a href="#note-672">[672]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Having talked of the strictness with which witnesses are examined in
+    courts of justice, Dr. Johnson told us, that Garrick, though accustomed
+    to face multitudes, when produced as a witness in Westminster-hall, was
+    so disconcerted by a new mode of public appearance, that he could not
+    understand what was asked<a href="#note-673">[673]</a>. It was a cause where an actor claimed a
+    <i>free benefit</i>; that is to say, a benefit without paying the expence of
+    the house; but the meaning of the term was disputed. Garrick was asked,
+    'Sir, have you a free benefit?' 'Yes.' 'Upon what terms have you it?'
+    'Upon-the terms-of-a free benefit.' He was dismissed as one from whom no
+    information could be obtained. Dr. Johnson is often too hard on our
+    friend Mr. Garrick. When I asked him why he did not mention him in the
+    Preface to his <i>Shakspeare</i><a href="#note-674">[674]</a> he said, 'Garrick has been liberally
+    paid for any thing he has done for Shakspeare. If I should praise him, I
+    should much more praise the nation who paid him. He has not made
+    Shakspeare better known<a href="#note-675">[675]</a>; he cannot illustrate Shakspeare; so I have
+    reasons enough against mentioning him, were reasons necessary. There
+    should be reasons <i>for</i> it.' I spoke of Mrs. Montague's very high
+    praises of Garrick<a href="#note-676">[676]</a>. JOHNSON. 'Sir, it is fit she should say so
+    much, and I should say nothing. Reynolds is fond of her book, and I
+    wonder at it; for neither I, nor Beauclerk, nor Mrs. Thrale, could get
+    through it<a href="#note-677">[677]</a>.'  Last night Dr. Johnson gave us an account of the
+    whole process of tanning and of the nature of milk, and the various
+    operations upon it, as making whey, &amp;c. His variety of information is
+    surprizing<a href="#note-678">[678]</a>; and it gives one much satisfaction to find such a man
+    bestowing his attention on the useful arts of life. Ulinish was much
+    struck with his knowledge; and said, 'He is a great orator, Sir; it is
+    musick to hear this man speak.' A strange thought struck me, to try if
+    he knew any thing of an art, or whatever it should be called, which is
+    no doubt very useful in life, but which lies far out of the way of a
+    philosopher and a poet; I mean the trade of a butcher. I enticed him
+    into the subject, by connecting it with the various researches into the
+    manners and customs of uncivilized nations, that have been made by our
+    late navigators into the South Seas. I began with observing, that Mr.
+    (now Sir Joseph) Banks tells us, that the art of slaughtering animals
+    was not known in Otaheité, for, instead of bleeding to death their
+    dogs, (a common food with them,) they strangle them. This he told me
+    himself; and I supposed that their hogs were killed in the same way. Dr.
+    Johnson said, 'This must be owing to their not having knives,&mdash;though
+    they have sharp stones with which they can cut a carcase in pieces
+    tolerably.' By degrees, he shewed that he knew something even of
+    butchery. 'Different animals (said he) are killed differently. An ox is
+    knocked down, and a calf stunned; but a sheep has its throat cut,
+    without any thing being done to stupify it. The butchers have no view to
+    the ease of the animals, but only to make them quiet, for their own
+    safety and convenience. A sheep can give them little trouble. Hales<a href="#note-679">[679]</a>
+    is of opinion, that every animal should be blooded, without having any
+    blow given to it, because it bleeds better.' BOSWELL. 'That would be
+    cruel.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; there is not much pain, if the jugular vein
+    be properly cut.' Pursuing the subject, he said, the kennels of
+    Southwark ran with blood two or three days in the week; that he was
+    afraid there were slaughter-houses in more streets in London than one
+    supposes; (speaking with a kind of horrour of butchering;) and, yet he
+    added, 'any of us would kill a cow rather than not have beef.' I said we
+    <i>could</i> not. 'Yes, (said he,) any one may. The business of a butcher is
+    a trade indeed, that is to say, there is an apprenticeship served to it;
+    but it may be learnt in a month<a href="#note-680">[680]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I mentioned a club in London at the Boar's Head in Eastcheap, the very
+    tavern<a href="#note-681">[681]</a> where Falstaff and his joyous companions met; the members of
+    which all assume Shakspeare's characters. One is Falstaff, another
+    Prince Henry, another Bardolph, and so on. JOHNSON. 'Don't be of it,
+    Sir. Now that you have a name, you must be careful to avoid many things,
+    not bad in themselves, but which will lessen your character<a href="#note-682">[682]</a>. This
+    every man who has a name must observe. A man who is not publickly known
+    may live in London as he pleases, without any notice being taken of him;
+    but it is wonderful how a person of any consequence is watched. There
+    was a member of parliament, who wanted to prepare himself to speak on a
+    question that was to come on in the House; and he and I were to talk it
+    over together. He did not wish it should be known that he talked with
+    me; so he would not let me come to his house, but came to mine. Some
+    time after he had made his speech in the house, Mrs. Cholmondeley<a href="#note-683">[683]</a>,
+    a very airy<a href="#note-684">[684]</a> lady, told me, 'Well, you could make nothing of him!'
+    naming the gentleman; which was a proof that he was watched. I had once
+    some business to do for government, and I went to Lord North's.
+    Precaution was taken that it should not be known. It was dark before I
+    went; yet a few days after I was told, 'Well, you have been with Lord
+    North.' That the door of the prime minister should be watched is not
+    strange; but that a member of parliament should be watched, or that my
+    door should be watched, is wonderful.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We set out this morning on our way to Talisker, in Ulinish's boat,
+    having taken leave of him and his family. Mr. Donald M'Queen still
+    favoured us with his company, for which we were much obliged to him. As
+    we sailed along Dr. Johnson got into one of his fits of railing at the
+    Scots. He owned that they had been a very learned nation for a hundred
+    years, from about 1550 to about 1650; but that they afforded the only
+    instance of a people among whom the arts of civil life did not advance
+    in proportion with learning; that they had hardly any trade, any money,
+    or any elegance, before the Union; that it was strange that, with all
+    the advantages possessed by other nations, they had not any of those
+    conveniencies and embellishments which are the fruit of industry, till
+    they came in contact with a civilized people. 'We have taught you, (said
+    he,) and we'll do the same in time to all barbarous nations,&mdash;to the
+    Cherokees,&mdash;and at last to the Ouran-Outangs;' laughing with as much
+    glee as if Monboddo had been present. BOSWELL. 'We had wine before the
+    Union.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; you had some weak stuff, the refuse of
+    France, which would not make you drunk.' BOSWELL. 'I assure you, Sir,
+    there was a great deal of drunkenness.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; there were
+    people who died of dropsies, which they contracted in trying to get
+    drunk<a href="#note-685">[685]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I must here glean some of his conversation at Ulinish, which I have
+    omitted. He repeated his remark, that a man in a ship was worse than a
+    man in a jail<a href="#note-686">[686]</a>. 'The man in a jail, (said he,) has more room, better
+    food, and commonly better company, and is in safety.' 'Ay; but, (said
+    Mr. M'Queen,) the man in the ship has the pleasing hope of getting to
+    shore.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, I am not talking of a man's getting to shore; but
+    of a man while he is in a ship: and then, I say, he is worse than a man
+    while he is in a jail. A man in a jail <i>may</i> have the <i>"pleasing hope"</i>
+    of getting out. A man confined for only a limited time, actually <i>has</i>
+    it.' M'Leod mentioned his schemes for carrying on fisheries with spirit,
+    and that he would wish to understand the construction of boats. I
+    suggested that he might go to a dock-yard and work, as Peter the Great
+    did. JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir, he need not work. Peter the Great had not the
+    sense to see that the mere mechanical work may be done by any body, and
+    that there is the same art in constructing a vessel, whether the boards
+    are well or ill wrought. Sir Christopher Wren might as well have served
+    his time to a bricklayer, and first, indeed, to a brick-maker.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    There is a beautiful little island in the Loch of Dunvegan, called
+    <i>Isa</i>. M'Leod said, he would give it to Dr. Johnson, on condition of his
+    residing on it three months in the year; nay one month. Dr. Johnson was
+    highly amused with the fancy. I have seen him please himself with little
+    things, even with mere ideas like the present. He talked a great deal of
+    this island;&mdash;how he would build a house there,&mdash;how he would fortify
+    it,&mdash;how he would have cannon,&mdash;how he would plant,&mdash;how he would sally
+    out, and <i>take</i> the isle of Muck;&mdash;and then he laughed with uncommon
+    glee, and could hardly leave off. I have seen him do so at a small
+    matter that struck him, and was a sport to no one else<a href="#note-687">[687]</a>. Mr. Langton
+    told me, that one night he did so while the company were all grave about
+    him:&mdash;only Garrick, in his significant smart manner, darting his eyes
+    around, exclaimed, '<i>Very</i> jocose, to be sure!' M'Leod encouraged the
+    fancy of Doctor Johnson's becoming owner of an island; told him, that it
+    was the practice in this country to name every man by his lands; and
+    begged leave to drink to him in that mode: '<i>Island Isa</i>, your health!'
+    Ulinish, Talisker, Mr. M'Queen, and I, all joined in our different
+    manners, while Dr. Johnson bowed to each, with much good humour.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We had good weather, and a fine sail this day. The shore was varied with
+    hills, and rocks, and corn-fields, and bushes, which are here dignified
+    with the name of natural <i>wood</i>. We landed near the house of Ferneley, a
+    farm possessed by another gentleman of the name of M'Leod, who,
+    expecting our arrival, was waiting on the shore, with a horse for Dr.
+    Johnson. The rest of us walked. At dinner, I expressed to M'Leod the joy
+    which I had in seeing him on such cordial terms with his clan.
+    'Government (said he) has deprived us of our ancient power; but it
+    cannot deprive us of our domestick satisfactions. I would rather drink
+    punch in one of their houses, (meaning the houses of his people,) than
+    be enabled by their hardships to have claret in my own.<a href="#note-688">[688]</a>' This
+    should be the sentiment of every Chieftain. All that he can get by
+    raising his rents, is more luxury in his own house. Is it not better to
+    share the profits of his estate, to a certain degree, with his kinsmen,
+    and thus have both social intercourse and patriarchal influence?
+</p>
+<p>
+    We had a very good ride, for about three miles, to Talisker, where
+    Colonel M'Leod introduced us to his lady. We found here Mr. Donald
+    M'Lean, the young Laird of <i>Col</i>, (nephew to Talisker,) to whom I
+    delivered the letter with which I had been favoured by his uncle,
+    Professor M'Leod, at Aberdeen<a href="#note-689">[689]</a>. He was a little lively young man. We
+    found he had been a good deal in England, studying farming, and was
+    resolved to improve the value of his father's lands, without oppressing
+    his tenants, or losing the ancient Highland fashions.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Talisker is a better place than one commonly finds in Sky. It is
+    situated in a rich bottom. Before it is a wide expanse of sea, on each
+    hand of which are immense rocks; and, at some distance in the sea, there
+    are three columnal rocks rising to sharp points. The billows break with
+    prodigious force and noise on the coast of Talisker<a href="#note-690">[690]</a>. There are here
+    a good many well-grown trees. Talisker is an extensive farm. The
+    possessor of it has, for several generations, been the next heir to
+    M'Leod, as there has been but one son always in that family. The court
+    before the house is most injudiciously paved with the round blueish-grey
+    pebbles which are found upon the sea-shore; so that you walk as if upon
+    cannon-balls driven into the ground.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After supper, I talked of the assiduity of the Scottish clergy, in
+    visiting and privately instructing their parishioners, and observed how
+    much in this they excelled the English clergy. Dr. Johnson would not let
+    this pass. He tried to turn it off, by saying, 'There are different ways
+    of instructing. Our clergy pray and preach.' M'Leod and I pressed the
+    subject, upon which he grew warm, and broke forth: 'I do not believe
+    your people are better instructed. If they are, it is the blind leading
+    the blind; for your clergy are not instructed themselves.' Thinking he
+    had gone a little too far, he checked himself, and added, 'When I talk
+    of the ignorance of your clergy, I talk of them as a body: I do not mean
+    that there are not individuals who are learned (looking at Mr.
+    M'Queen<a href="#note-691">[691]</a>). I suppose there are such among the clergy in Muscovy. The
+    clergy of England have produced the most valuable books in support of
+    religion, both in theory and practice. What have your clergy done, since
+    you sunk into presbyterianism? Can you name one book of any value, on a
+    religious subject, written by them<a href="#note-692">[692]</a>?' We were silent. 'I'll help
+    you. Forbes wrote very well; but I believe he wrote before episcopacy
+    was quite extinguished.' And then pausing a little, he said, 'Yes, you
+    have Wishart AGAINST Repentance<a href="#note-693">[693]</a>.' BOSWELL. 'But, Sir, we are not
+    contending for the superior learning of our clergy, but for their
+    superior assiduity.' He bore us down again, with thundering against
+    their ignorance, and said to me, 'I see you have not been well taught;
+    for you have not charity.' He had been in some measure forced into this
+    warmth, by the exulting air which I assumed; for, when he began, he
+    said, 'Since you <i>will</i> drive the nail!' He again thought of good Mr.
+    M'Queen, and, taking him by the hand, said, 'Sir, I did not mean any
+    disrespect to you<a href="#note-694">[694]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Here I must observe, that he conquered by deserting his ground, and not
+    meeting the argument as I had put it. The assiduity of the Scottish
+    clergy is certainly greater than that of the English. His taking up the
+    topick of their not having so much learning, was, though ingenious, yet
+    a fallacy in logick. It was as if there should be a dispute whether a
+    man's hair is well dressed, and Dr. Johnson should say, 'Sir, his hair
+    cannot be well dressed; for he has a dirty shirt. No man who has not
+    clean linen has his hair well dressed.' When some days afterwards he
+    read this passage, he said, 'No, Sir; I did not say that a man's hair
+    could not be well dressed because he has not clean linen, but because
+    he is bald.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He used one argument against the Scottish clergy being learned, which I
+    doubt was not good. 'As we believe a man dead till we know that he is
+    alive; so we believe men ignorant till we know that they are learned.'
+    Now our maxim in law is, to presume a man alive, till we know he is
+    dead. However, indeed, it may be answered, that we must first know he
+    has lived; and that we have never known the learning of the Scottish
+    clergy. Mr. M'Queen, though he was of opinion that Dr. Johnson had
+    deserted the point really in dispute, was much pleased with what he
+    said, and owned to me, he thought it very just; and Mrs. M'Leod was so
+    much captivated by his eloquence, that she told me 'I was a good
+    advocate for a bad cause.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_48"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 24.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    This was a good day. Dr. Johnson told us, at breakfast, that he rode
+    harder at a fox chace than any body<a href="#note-695">[695]</a>. 'The English (said he) are the
+    only nation who ride hard a-hunting. A Frenchman goes out, upon a
+    managed<a href="#note-696">[696]</a> horse, and capers in the field, and no more thinks of
+    leaping a hedge than of mounting a breach. Lord Powerscourt laid a
+    wager, in France, that he would ride a great many miles in a certain
+    short time. The French academicians set to work, and calculated that,
+    from the resistance of the air, it was impossible. His lordship however
+    performed it.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Our money being nearly exhausted, we sent a bill for thirty pounds,
+    drawn on Sir William Forbes and Co.<a href="#note-697">[697]</a>, to Lochbraccadale, but our
+    messenger found it very difficult to procure cash for it; at length,
+    however, he got us value from the master of a vessel which was to carry
+    away some emigrants. There is a great scarcity of specie in Sky<a href="#note-698">[698]</a>.
+    Mr. M'Queen said he had the utmost difficulty to pay his servants'
+    wages, or to pay for any little thing which he has to buy. The rents are
+    paid in bills<a href="#note-699">[699]</a>, which the drovers give. The people consume a vast
+    deal of snuff and tobacco, for which they must pay ready money; and
+    pedlars, who come about selling goods, as there is not a shop in the
+    island, carry away the cash. If there were encouragement given to
+    fisheries and manufactures, there might be a circulation of money
+    introduced. I got one-and-twenty shillings in silver at Portree, which
+    was thought a wonderful store.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Talisker, Mr. M'Queen, and I, walked out, and looked at no less than
+    fifteen different waterfalls near the house, in the space of about a
+    quarter of a mile<a href="#note-700">[700]</a>. We also saw Cuchillin's well, said to have been
+    the favourite spring of that ancient hero. I drank of it. The water is
+    admirable. On the shore are many stones full of crystallizations in
+    the heart.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Though our obliging friend, Mr. M'Lean, was but the young laird, he had
+    the title of <i>Col</i> constantly given him. After dinner he and I walked to
+    the top of Prieshwell, a very high rocky hill, from whence there is a
+    view of Barra,&mdash;the Long Island,&mdash;Bernera,&mdash;the Loch of Dunvegan,&mdash;part
+    of Rum&mdash;part of Rasay, and a vast deal of the isle of Sky. Col, though
+    he had come into Sky with an intention to be at Dunvegan, and pass a
+    considerable time in the island, most politely resolved first to
+    conduct us to Mull, and then to return to Sky. This was a very fortunate
+    circumstance; for he planned an expedition for us of more variety than
+    merely going to Mull. He proposed we should see the islands of <i>Egg,
+    Muck, Col,</i> and <i>Tyr-yi</i>. In all these islands he could shew us every
+    thing worth seeing; and in Mull he said he should be as if at home, his
+    father having lands there, and he a farm.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson did not talk much to-day, but seemed intent in listening to
+    the schemes of future excursion, planned by Col. Dr. Birch<a href="#note-701">[701]</a>,
+    however, being mentioned, he said, he had more anecdotes than any man. I
+    said, Percy had a great many; that he flowed with them like one of the
+    brooks here. JOHNSON. 'If Percy is like one of the brooks here, Birch
+    was like the river Thames. Birch excelled Percy in that, as much as
+    Percy excels Goldsmith.' I mentioned Lord Hailes as a man of anecdote.
+    He was not pleased with him, for publishing only such memorials and
+    letters as were unfavourable for the Stuart family<a href="#note-702">[702]</a>. 'If, (said he,)
+    a man fairly warns you, "I am to give all the ill; do you find the
+    good;" he may: but if the object which he professes be to give a view of
+    a reign, let him tell all the truth. I would tell truth of the two
+    Georges, or of that scoundrel, King William<a href="#note-703">[703]</a>. Granger's
+    <i>Biographical History</i><a href="#note-704">[704]</a> is full of curious anecdote, but might have
+    been better done. The dog is a Whig. I do not like much to see a Whig in
+    any dress; but I hate to see a Whig in a parson's gown<a href="#note-705">[705]</a>.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_49"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 25.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    It was resolved that we should set out, in order to return to Slate, to
+    be in readiness to take boat whenever there should be a fair wind. Dr.
+    Johnson remained in his chamber writing a letter, and it was long before
+    we could get him into motion. He did not come to breakfast, but had it
+    sent to him. When he had finished his letter, it was twelve o'clock, and
+    we should have set out at ten. When I went up to him, he said to me, 'Do
+    you remember a song which begins,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     "Every island is a prison<a href="#note-706">[706]</a>
+      Strongly guarded by the sea;
+      Kings and princes, for that reason,
+      Prisoners are, as well as we?"'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    I suppose he had been thinking of our confined situation<a href="#note-707">[707]</a>. He would
+    fain have gone in a boat from hence, instead of riding back to Slate. A
+    scheme for it was proposed. He said, 'We'll not be driven tamely from
+    it:'-but it proved impracticable.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We took leave of M'Leod and Talisker, from whom we parted with regret.
+    Talisker, having been bred to physick, had a tincture of scholarship in
+    his conversation, which pleased Dr. Johnson, and he had some very good
+    books; and being a colonel in the Dutch service, he and his lady, in
+    consequence of having lived abroad, had introduced the ease and
+    politeness of the continent into this rude region.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Young Col was now our leader. Mr. M'Queen was to accompany us half a day
+    more. We stopped at a little hut, where we saw an old woman grinding
+    with the <i>quern</i>, the ancient Highland instrument, which it is said was
+    used by the Romans, but which, being very slow in its operation, is
+    almost entirely gone into disuse.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The walls of the cottages in Sky, instead of being one compacted mass
+    of stones, are often formed by two exterior surfaces of stone, filled up
+    with earth in the middle, which makes them very warm. The roof is
+    generally bad. They are thatched, sometimes with straw, sometimes with
+    heath, sometimes with fern. The thatch is secured by ropes of straw, or
+    of heath; and, to fix the ropes, there is a stone tied to the end of
+    each. These stones hang round the bottom of the roof, and make it look
+    like a lady's hair in papers; but I should think that, when there is
+    wind, they would come down, and knock people on the head.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We dined at the inn at Sconser, where I had the pleasure to find a
+    letter from my wife. Here we parted from our learned companion, Mr.
+    Donald M'Queen. Dr. Johnson took leave of him very affectionately,
+    saying, 'Dear Sir, do not forget me!' We settled, that he should write
+    an account of the Isle of Sky, which Dr. Johnson promised to revise. He
+    said, Mr. M'Queen should tell all that he could; distinguishing what he
+    himself knew, what was traditional, and what conjectural.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We sent our horses round a point of land, that we might shun some very
+    bad road; and resolved to go forward by sea. It was seven o'clock when
+    we got into our boat. We had many showers, and it soon grew pretty dark.
+    Dr. Johnson sat silent and patient. Once he said, as he looked on the
+    black coast of Sky,-black, as being composed of rocks seen in the
+    dusk,&mdash;'This is very solemn.' Our boatmen were rude singers, and seemed
+    so like wild Indians, that a very little imagination was necessary to
+    give one an impression of being upon an American river. We landed at
+    <i>Strolimus</i>, from whence we got a guide to walk before us, for two
+    miles, to <i>Corrichatachin</i>. Not being able to procure a horse for our
+    baggage, I took one portmanteau before me, and Joseph another. We had
+    but a single star to light us on our way. It was about eleven when we
+    arrived. We were most hospitably received by the master and mistress,
+    who were just going to bed, but, with unaffected ready kindness, made a
+    good fire, and at twelve o'clock at night had supper on the table.
+</p>
+<p>
+    James Macdonald, of <i>Knockow</i>, Kingsburgh's brother, whom we had seen at
+    Kingsburgh, was there. He shewed me a bond granted by the late Sir James
+    Macdonald, to old Kingsburgh, the preamble of which does so much honour
+    to the feelings of that much-lamented gentleman, that I thought it worth
+    transcribing. It was as follows:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I, Sir James Macdonald, of Macdonald, Baronet, now, after arriving at
+    my perfect age, from the friendship I bear to Alexander Macdonald of
+    Kingsburgh, and in return for the long and faithful services done and
+    performed by him to my deceased father, and to myself during my
+    minority, when he was one of my Tutors and Curators; being resolved, now
+    that the said Alexander Macdonald is advanced in years, to contribute my
+    endeavours for making his old age placid and comfortable,'&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    therefore he grants him an annuity of fifty pounds sterling.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson went to bed soon. When one bowl of punch was finished, I
+    rose, and was near the door, in my way up stairs to bed; but
+    Corrichatachin said, it was the first time Col had been in his house,
+    and he should have his bowl;-and would not I join in drinking it? The
+    heartiness of my honest landlord, and the desire of doing social honour
+    to our very obliging conductor, induced me to sit down again. Col's bowl
+    was finished; and by that time we were well warmed. A third bowl was
+    soon made, and that too was finished. We were cordial, and merry to a
+    high degree; but of what passed I have no recollection, with any
+    accuracy. I remember calling <i>Corrichatachin</i> by the familiar
+    appellation of <i>Corri</i>, which his friends do. A fourth bowl was made, by
+    which time Col, and young M'Kinnon, Corrichatachin's son, slipped away
+    to bed. I continued a little with Corri and Knockow; but at last I left
+    them. It was near five in the morning when I got to bed.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_50"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 26
+</h2>
+<p>
+    I awaked at noon, with a severe head-ach. I was much vexed that I should
+    have been guilty of such a riot, and afraid of a reproof from Dr.
+    Johnson. I thought it very inconsistent with that conduct which I ought
+    to maintain, while the companion of the Rambler. About one he came into
+    my room, and accosted me, 'What, drunk yet?' His tone of voice was not
+    that of severe upbraiding; so I was relieved a little. 'Sir, (said I,)
+    they kept me up.' He answered, 'No, you kept them up, you drunken
+    dog:'-This he said with good-humoured <i>English</i> pleasantry. Soon
+    afterwards, Corrichatachin, Col, and other friends assembled round my
+    bed. Corri had a brandy-bottle and glass with him, and insisted I should
+    take a dram. 'Ay, said Dr. Johnson, fill him drunk again. Do it in the
+    morning, that we may laugh at him all day. It is a poor thing for a
+    fellow to get drunk at night, and sculk to bed, and let his friends have
+    no sport.' Finding him thus jocular, I became quite easy; and when I
+    offered to get up, he very good naturedly said, 'You need be in no such
+    hurry now<a href="#note-708">[708]</a>.' I took my host's advice, and drank some brandy, which I
+    found an effectual cure for my head-ach. When I rose, I went into Dr.
+    Johnson's room, and taking up Mrs. M'Kinnon's Prayer-book, I opened it
+    at the twentieth Sunday after Trinity, in the epistle for which I read,
+    'And be not drunk with wine, wherein there is excess<a href="#note-709">[709]</a>.' Some would
+    have taken this as a divine interposition.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mrs. M'Kinnon told us at dinner, that old Kingsburgh, her father, was
+    examined at Mugstot, by General Campbell, as to the particulars of the
+    dress of the person who had come to his house in woman's clothes along
+    with Miss Flora M'Donald; as the General had received intelligence of
+    that disguise. The particulars were taken down in writing, that it might
+    be seen how far they agreed with the dress of the <i>Irish girl</i> who went
+    with Miss Flora from the Long Island. Kingsburgh, she said, had but one
+    song, which he always sung when he was merry over a glass. She dictated
+    the words to me, which are foolish enough:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Green sleeves<a href="#note-710">[710]</a> and pudding pies,
+      Tell me where my mistress lies,
+      And I'll be with her before she rise,
+      Fiddle and aw' together.
+
+      May our affairs abroad succeed,
+      And may our king come home with speed,
+      And all pretenders shake for dread,
+      And let <i>his</i> health go round.
+
+      To all our injured friends in need,
+      This side and beyond the Tweed!&mdash;
+      Let all pretenders shake for dread,
+      And let <i>his</i> health go round.
+         Green sleeves,' &amp;c.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    While the examination was going on, the present Talisker, who was there
+    as one of M'Leod's militia, could not resist the pleasantry of asking
+    Kingsburgh, in allusion to his only song, 'Had she <i>green sleeves</i>?'
+    Kingsburgh gave him no answer. Lady Margaret M'Donald was very angry at
+    Talisker for joking on such a serious occasion, as Kingsburgh was really
+    in danger of his life. Mrs. M'Kinnon added that Lady Margaret was quite
+    adored in Sky. That when she travelled through the island, the people
+    ran in crowds before her, and took the stones off the road, lest her
+    horse should stumble and she be hurt<a href="#note-711">[711]</a>. Her husband, Sir Alexander,
+    is also remembered with great regard. We were told that every week a
+    hogshead of claret was drunk at his table.
+</p>
+<p>
+    This was another day of wind and rain; but good cheer and good society
+    helped to beguile the time. I felt myself comfortable enough in the
+    afternoon. I then thought that my last night's riot was no more than
+    such a social excess as may happen without much moral blame; and
+    recollected that some physicians maintained, that a fever produced by it
+    was, upon the whole, good for health: so different are our reflections
+    on the same subject, at different periods; and such the excuses with
+    which we palliate what we know to be wrong.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_51"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 27.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Mr. Donald M'Leod, our original guide, who had parted from us at
+    Dunvegan, joined us again to-day. The weather was still so bad that we
+    could not travel. I found a closet here, with a good many books, beside
+    those that were lying about. Dr. Johnson told me, he found a library in
+    his room at Talisker; and observed, that it was one of the remarkable
+    things of Sky, that there were so many books in it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Though we had here great abundance of provisions, it is remarkable that
+    Corrichatachin has literally no garden: not even a turnip, a carrot, or
+    a cabbage. After dinner, we talked of the crooked spade used in Sky,
+    already described, and they maintained that it was better than the usual
+    garden-spade, and that there was an art in tossing it, by which those
+    who were accustomed to it could work very easily with it. 'Nay, (said
+    Dr. Johnson,) it may be useful in land where there are many stones to
+    raise; but it certainly is not a good instrument for digging good land.
+    A man may toss it, to be sure; but he will toss a light spade much
+    better: its weight makes it an incumbrance. A man <i>may</i> dig any land
+    with it; but he has no occasion for such a weight in digging good land.
+    You may take a field piece to shoot sparrows; but all the sparrows you
+    can bring home will not be worth the charge.' He was quite social and
+    easy amongst them; and, though he drank no fermented liquor, toasted
+    Highland beauties with great readiness. His conviviality engaged them so
+    much, that they seemed eager to shew their attention to him, and vied
+    with each other in crying out, with a strong Celtick pronunciation,
+    'Toctor Shonson, Toctor Shonson, your health!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    This evening one of our married ladies, a lively pretty little woman,
+    good-humouredly sat down upon Dr. Johnson's knee, and, being encouraged
+    by some of the company, put her hands round his neck, and kissed him.
+    'Do it again, (said he,) and let us see who will tire first.' He kept
+    her on his knee some time, while he and she drank tea. He was now like a
+    <i>buck</i><a href="#note-712">[712]</a> indeed. All the company were much entertained to find him so
+    easy and pleasant. To me it was highly comick, to see the grave
+    philosopher,&mdash;the Rambler,-toying with a Highland beauty<a href="#note-713">[713]</a>!&mdash;But what
+    could he do? He must have been surly, and weak too, had he not behaved
+    as he did. He would have been laughed at, and not more respected, though
+    less loved.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He read to-night, to himself, as he sat in company, a great deal of my
+    Journal, and said to me, 'The more I read of this, I think the more
+    highly of you.' The gentlemen sat a long time at their punch, after he
+    and I had retired to our chambers. The manner in which they were
+    attended struck me as singular:&mdash;The bell being broken, a smart lad lay
+    on a table in the corner of the room, ready to spring up and bring the
+    kettle, whenever it was wanted. They continued drinking, and singing
+    Erse songs, till near five in the morning, when they all came into my
+    room, where some of them had beds. Unluckily for me, they found a bottle
+    of punch in a corner, which they drank; and Corrichatachin went for
+    another, which they also drank. They made many apologies for disturbing
+    me. I told them, that, having been kept awake by their mirth, I had once
+    thoughts of getting up, and joining them again. Honest Corrichatachin
+    said, 'To have had you done so, I would have given a cow.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_52"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 28.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    The weather was worse than yesterday. I felt as if imprisoned. Dr.
+    Johnson said, it was irksome to be detained thus: yet he seemed to have
+    less uneasiness, or more patience, than I had. What made our situation
+    worse here was, that we had no rooms that we could command; for the good
+    people had no notion that a man could have any occasion but for a mere
+    sleeping-place; so, during the day, the bed chambers were common to all
+    the house. Servants eat in Dr. Johnson's; and mine was a kind of general
+    rendezvous of all under the roof, children and dogs not excepted. As the
+    gentlemen occupied the parlour, the ladies had no place to sit in,
+    during the day, but Dr. Johnson's room. I had always some quiet time for
+    writing in it, before he was up; and, by degrees, I accustomed the
+    ladies to let me sit in it after breakfast, at my <i>Journal</i>, without
+    minding me.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson was this morning for going to see as many islands as we
+    could; not recollecting the uncertainty of the season, which might
+    detain us in one place for many weeks. He said to me, 'I have more the
+    spirit of adventure than you.' For my part, I was anxious to get to
+    Mull, from whence we might almost any day reach the main land.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson mentioned, that the few ancient Irish gentlemen yet
+    remaining have the highest pride of family; that Mr. Sandford, a friend
+    of his, whose mother was Irish, told him, that O'Hara (who was true
+    Irish, both by father and mother) and he, and Mr. Ponsonby, son to the
+    Earl of Besborough, the greatest man of the three, but of an English
+    family, went to see one of those ancient Irish, and that he
+    distinguished them thus: 'O'Hara, you are welcome! Mr. Sandford, your
+    mother's son is welcome! Mr. Ponsonby, you may sit down.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He talked both of threshing and thatching. He said, it was very
+    difficult to determine how to agree with a thresher. 'If you pay him by
+    the day's wages, he will thresh no more than he pleases; though to be
+    sure, the negligence of a thresher is more easily detected than that of
+    most labourers, because he must always make a sound while he works. If
+    you pay him by the piece, by the quantity of grain which he produces, he
+    will thresh only while the grain comes freely, and, though he leaves a
+    good deal in the ear, it is not worth while to thresh the straw over
+    again; nor can you fix him to do it sufficiently, because it is so
+    difficult to prove how much less a man threshes than he ought to do.
+    Here then is a dilemma: but, for my part, I would engage him by the day:
+    I would rather trust his idleness than his fraud.' He said, a roof
+    thatched with Lincolnshire reeds would last seventy years, as he was
+    informed when in that county; and that he told this in London to a great
+    thatcher, who said, he believed it might be true. Such are the pains
+    that Dr. Johnson takes to get the best information on every
+    subject<a href="#note-714">[714]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He proceeded:&mdash;'It is difficult for a farmer in England to find
+    day-labourers, because the lowest manufacturers can always get more than
+    a day-labourer. It is of no consequence how high the wages of
+    manufacturers are; but it would be of very bad consequence to raise the
+    wages of those who procure the immediate necessaries of life, for that
+    would raise the price of provisions. Here then is a problem for
+    politicians. It is not reasonable that the most useful body of men
+    should be the worst paid; yet it does not appear how it can be ordered
+    otherwise. It were to be wished, that a mode for its being otherwise
+    were found out. In the mean time, it is better to give temporary
+    assistance by charitable contributions to poor labourers, at times when
+    provisions are high, than to raise their wages; because, if wages are
+    once raised, they will never get down again<a href="#note-715">[715]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Happily the weather cleared up between one and two o'clock, and we got
+    ready to depart; but our kind host and hostess would not let us go
+    without taking a <i>snatch</i>, as they called it; which was in truth a very
+    good dinner. While the punch went round, Dr. Johnson kept a close
+    whispering conference with Mrs. M'Kinnon, which, however, was loud
+    enough to let us hear that the subject of it was the particulars of
+    Prince Charles's escape. The company were entertained and pleased to
+    observe it. Upon that subject, there was something congenial between the
+    soul of Dr. Samuel Johnson, and that of an isle of Sky farmer's wife. It
+    is curious to see people, how far so ever removed from each other in the
+    general system of their lives, come close together on a particular point
+    which is common to each. We were merry with Corrichatachin, on Dr.
+    Johnson's whispering with his wife. She, perceiving this, humourously
+    cried, 'I am in love with him. What is it to live and not to love?' Upon
+    her saying something, which I did not hear, or cannot recollect, he
+    seized her hand eagerly, and kissed it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    As we were going, the Scottish phrase of '<i>honest man</i>!' which is an
+    expression of kindness and regard, was again and again applied by the
+    company to Dr. Johnson. I was also treated with much civility; and I
+    must take some merit from my assiduous attention to him, and from my
+    contriving that he shall be easy wherever he goes, that he shall not be
+    asked twice to eat or drink any thing (which always disgusts him), that
+    he shall be provided with water at his meals, and many such little
+    things, which, if not attended to, would fret him. I also may be allowed
+    to claim some merit in leading the conversation: I do not mean leading,
+    as in an orchestra, by playing the first fiddle; but leading as one does
+    in examining a witness&mdash;starting topics, and making him pursue them. He
+    appears to me like a great mill, into which a subject is thrown to be
+    ground. It requires, indeed, fertile minds to furnish materials for this
+    mill. I regret whenever I see it unemployed; but sometimes I feel myself
+    quite barren, and have nothing to throw in. I know not if this mill be a
+    good figure; though Pope makes his mind a mill for turning verses<a href="#note-716">[716]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We set out about four. Young Corrichatachin went with us. We had a fine
+    evening, and arrived in good time at <i>Ostig</i>, the residence of Mr.
+    Martin M'Pherson, minister of Slate. It is a pretty good house, built by
+    his father, upon a farm near the church. We were received here with much
+    kindness by Mr. and Mrs. M'Pherson, and his sister, Miss M'Pherson, who
+    pleased Dr. Johnson much, by singing Erse songs, and playing on the
+    guittar. He afterwards sent her a present of his <i>Rasselas</i>. In his
+    bed-chamber was a press stored with books, Greek, Latin, French, and
+    English, most of which had belonged to the father of our host, the
+    learned Dr. M'Pherson; who, though his <i>Dissertations</i> have been
+    mentioned in a former page<a href="#note-717">[717]</a> as unsatisfactory, was a man of
+    distinguished talents. Dr. Johnson looked at a Latin paraphrase of the
+    song of Moses, written by him, and published in the <i>Scots Magazine</i> for
+    1747, and said, 'It does him honour; he has a good deal of Latin, and
+    good Latin.' Dr. M'Pherson published also in the same magazine, June
+    1739, an original Latin ode, which he wrote from the isle of Barra,
+    where he was minister for some years. It is very poetical, and exhibits
+    a striking proof how much all things depend upon comparison: for Barra,
+    it seems, appeared to him so much worse than Sky, his <i>natale
+    solum</i><a href="#note-718">[718]</a>, that he languished for its 'blessed mountains,' and thought
+    himself buried alive amongst barbarians where he was. My readers will
+    probably not be displeased to have a specimen of this ode:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Hei mihi! quantos patior dolores,
+      Dum procul specto juga ter beata;
+      Dum ferae Barrae steriles arenas
+           Solus oberro.
+     'Ingemo, indignor, crucior, quod inter
+      Barbaros Thulen lateam colentes;
+      Torpeo languens, morior sepultus,
+           Carcere coeco.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    After wishing for wings to fly over to his dear country, which was in
+    his view, from what he calls <i>Thule</i>, as being the most western isle of
+    Scotland, except St. Kilda; after describing the pleasures of society,
+    and the miseries of solitude, he at last, with becoming propriety, has
+    recourse to the only sure relief of thinking men,&mdash;<i>Sursum
+    corda</i><a href="#note-719">[719]</a>&mdash;the hope of a better world, disposes his mind to
+    resignation:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Interim fiat, tua, rex, voluntas:
+      Erigor sursum quoties subit spes
+      Certa migrandi Solymam supernam,
+           Numinis aulam.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    He concludes in a noble strain of orthodox piety:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Vita tum demum vocitanda vita est.
+      Tum licet gratos socios habere,
+      Seraphim et sanctos TRIADEM verendam
+           Concelebrantes.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<a name="2H_4_53"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 29<a href="#note-720">[720]</a>.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    After a very good sleep, I rose more refreshed than I had been for some
+    nights. We were now at but a little distance from the shore, and saw the
+    sea from our windows, which made our voyage seem nearer. Mr. M'Pherson's
+    manners and address pleased us much. He appeared to be a man of such
+    intelligence and taste as to be sensible of the extraordinary powers of
+    his illustrious guest. He said to me, 'Dr. Johnson is an honour to
+    mankind; and, if the expression may be used, is an honour to religion.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Col, who had gone yesterday to pay a visit at Camuscross, joined us this
+    morning at breakfast. Some other gentlemen also came to enjoy the
+    entertainment of Dr. Johnson's conversation. The day was windy and
+    rainy, so that we had just seized a happy interval for our journey last
+    night. We had good entertainment here, better accommodation than at
+    Corrichatachin, and time enough to ourselves. The hours slipped along
+    imperceptibly. We talked of Shenstone. Dr. Johnson said he was a good
+    layer-out of land<a href="#note-721">[721]</a>, but would not allow him to approach excellence
+    as a poet. He said, he believed he had tried to read all his <i>Love
+    Pastorals</i>, but did not get through them. I repeated the stanza,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'She gazed as I slowly withdrew;
+        My path I could hardly discern;
+      So sweetly she bade me adieu,
+        I thought that she bade me return<a href="#note-722">[722]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    He said, 'That seems to be pretty.' I observed that Shenstone, from his
+    short maxims in prose, appeared to have some power of thinking; but Dr.
+    Johnson would not allow him that merit<a href="#note-723">[723]</a>. He agreed, however, with
+    Shenstone, that it was wrong in the brother of one of his correspondents
+    to burn his letters<a href="#note-724">[724]</a>: 'for, (said he,) Shenstone was a man whose
+    correspondence was an honour.' He was this afternoon full of critical
+    severity, and dealt about his censures on all sides. He said, Hammond's
+    <i>Love Elegies</i> were poor things<a href="#note-725">[725]</a>. He spoke contemptuously of our
+    lively and elegant, though too licentious, Lyrick bard, Hanbury
+    Williams, and said, 'he had no fame, but from boys who drank with
+    him<a href="#note-726">[726]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    While he was in this mood, I was unfortunate enough, simply perhaps, but
+    I could not help thinking, undeservedly, to come within 'the whiff and
+    wind of his fell sword<a href="#note-727">[727]</a>.' I asked him, if he had ever been
+    accustomed to wear a night-cap. He said 'No.' I asked, if it was best
+    not to wear one. JOHNSON. 'Sir, I had this custom by chance, and perhaps
+    no man shall ever know whether it is best to sleep with or without a
+    night-cap.' Soon afterwards he was laughing at some deficiency in the
+    Highlands, and said, 'One might as well go without shoes and stockings.'
+    Thinking to have a little hit at his own deficiency, I ventured to
+    add,&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;' or without a night-cap, Sir.' But I had better have been
+    silent; for he retorted directly. 'I do not see the connection there
+    (laughing). Nobody before was ever foolish enough to ask whether it was
+    best to wear a night-cap or not. This comes of being a little
+    wrong-headed.' He carried the company along with him: and yet the truth
+    is, that if he had always worn a night-cap, as is the common practice,
+    and found the Highlanders did not wear one, he would have wondered at
+    their barbarity; so that my hit was fair enough.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_54"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 30.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    There was as great a storm of wind and rain as I have almost ever seen,
+    which necessarily confined us to the house; but we were fully
+    compensated by Dr. Johnson's conversation. He said, he did not grudge
+    Burke's being the first man in the House of Commons, for he was the
+    first man every where; but he grudged that a fellow who makes no figure
+    in company, and has a mind as narrow as the neck of a vinegar cruet,
+    should make a figure in the House of Commons, merely by having the
+    knowledge of a few forms, and being furnished with a little occasional
+    information<a href="#note-728">[728]</a>. He told us, the first time he saw Dr. Young was at the
+    house of Mr. Richardson, the author of <i>Clarissa</i>. He was sent for, that
+    the doctor might read to him his <i>Conjectures on original
+    Composition</i><a href="#note-729">[729]</a>, which he did, and Dr. Johnson made his remarks; and
+    he was surprized to find Young receive as novelties, what he thought
+    very common maxims. He said, he believed Young was not a great scholar,
+    nor had studied regularly the art of writing<a href="#note-730">[730]</a>; that there were very
+    fine things in his <i>Night Thoughts</i><a href="#note-731">[731]</a>, though you could not find
+    twenty lines together without some extravagance. He repeated two
+    passages from his <i>Love of Fame</i>,&mdash;the characters of Brunetta<a href="#note-732">[732]</a> and
+    Stella<a href="#note-733">[733]</a>, which he praised highly. He said Young pressed him much to
+    come to Wellwyn. He always intended it, but never went<a href="#note-734">[734]</a>. He was
+    sorry when Young died. The cause of quarrel between Young and his son,
+    he told us, was, that his son insisted Young should turn away a
+    clergyman's widow, who lived with him, and who, having acquired great
+    influence over the father, was saucy to the son. Dr. Johnson said, she
+    could not conceal her resentment at him, for saying to Young, that 'an
+    old man should not resign himself to the management of any body.' I
+    asked him, if there was any improper connection between them. 'No, Sir,
+    no more than between two statues. He was past fourscore, and she a very
+    coarse woman. She read to him, and I suppose made his coffee, and
+    frothed his chocolate, and did such things as an old man wishes to have
+    done for him.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Doddridge being mentioned, he observed that 'he was author of one of
+    the finest epigrams in the English language. It is in Orton's Life of
+    him.<a href="#note-735">[735]</a> The subject is his family motto,&mdash;<i>Dum vivimus, vivamus</i>;
+    which, in its primary signification, is, to be sure, not very suitable
+    to a Christian divine; but he paraphrased it thus:
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     "Live, while you live, the <i>epicure</i> would say,
+      And seize the pleasures of the present day.
+      Live, while you live, the sacred <i>preacher</i> cries,
+      And give to GOD each moment as it flies.
+      Lord, in my views let both united be;
+      I live in <i>pleasure</i>, when I live to <i>thee</i>."'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    I asked if it was not strange that government should permit so many
+    infidel writings to pass without censure. JOHNSON. 'Sir, it is mighty
+    foolish. It is for want of knowing their own power. The present family
+    on the throne came to the crown against the will of nine tenths of the
+    people.<a href="#note-736">[736]</a> Whether those nine tenths were right or wrong, it is not
+    our business now to enquire. But such being the situation of the royal
+    family, they were glad to encourage all who would be their friends. Now
+    you know every bad man is a Whig; every man who has loose notions. The
+    church was all against this family. They were, as I say, glad to
+    encourage any friends; and therefore, since their accession, there is no
+    instance of any man being kept back on account of his bad principles;
+    and hence this inundation of impiety<a href="#note-737">[737]</a>.' I observed that Mr. Hume,
+    some of whose writings were very unfavourable to religion, was, however,
+    a Tory. JOHNSON. 'Sir, Hume is a Tory by chance<a href="#note-738">[738]</a> as being a
+    Scotchman; but not upon a principle of duty; for he has no principle. If
+    he is any thing, he is a Hobbist.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    There was something not quite serene in his humour to-night, after
+    supper; for he spoke of hastening away to London, without stopping much
+    at Edinburgh. I reminded him that he had General Oughton and many others
+    to see. JOHNSON. 'Nay, I shall neither go in jest, nor stay in jest. I
+    shall do what is fit.' BOSWELL. 'Ay, Sir, but all I desire is, that you
+    will let me tell you when it is fit.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, I shall not consult
+    you.' BOSWELL. 'If you are to run away from us, as soon as you get
+    loose, we will keep you confined in an island.' He was, however, on the
+    whole, very good company. Mr. Donald McLeod expressed very well the
+    gradual impression made by Dr. Johnson on those who are so fortunate as
+    to obtain his acquaintance. 'When you see him first, you are struck with
+    awful reverence;&mdash;then you admire him;&mdash;and then you love him
+    cordially.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I read this evening some part of Voltaire's <i>History of the War</i> in
+    1741<a href="#note-739">[739]</a>, and of Lord Kames against Hereditary Indefeasible Right. This
+    is a very slight circumstance, with which I should not trouble my
+    reader, but for the sake of observing that every man should keep minutes
+    of whatever he reads. Every circumstance of his studies should be
+    recorded; what books he has consulted; how much of them he has read; at
+    what times; how often the same authors; and what opinions he formed of
+    them, at different periods of his life. Such an account would much
+    illustrate the history of his mind.<a href="#note-740">[740]</a>
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_55"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    FRIDAY, OCTOBER 1.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    I shewed to Dr. Johnson verses in a magazine, on his <i>Dictionary</i>,
+    composed of uncommon words taken from it:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Little of <i>Anthropopathy</i><a href="#note-741">[741]</a> has he,' &amp;c.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    He read a few of them, and said, 'I am not answerable for all the words
+    in my <i>Dictionary</i>'. I told him that Garrick kept a book of all who had
+    either praised or abused him. On the subject of his own reputation, he
+    said,' Now that I see it has been so current a topick, I wish I had done
+    so too; but it could not well be done now, as so many things are
+    scattered in newspapers.' He said he was angry at a boy of Oxford, who
+    wrote in his defence against Kenrick; because it was doing him hurt to
+    answer Kenrick. He was told afterwards, the boy was to come to him to
+    ask a favour. He first thought to treat him rudely, on account of his
+    meddling in that business; but then he considered, he had meant to do
+    him all the service in his power, and he took another resolution; he
+    told him he would do what he could for him, and did so; and the boy was
+    satisfied. He said, he did not know how his pamphlet was done, as he had
+    'read very little of it. The boy made a good figure at Oxford, but
+    died.<a href="#note-742">[742]</a> He remarked, that attacks on authors did them much service.
+    'A man who tells me my play is very bad, is less my enemy than he who
+    lets it die in silence. A man whose business it is to be talked of, is
+    much helped by being attacked.'<a href="#note-743">[743]</a> Garrick, I observed, had been often
+    so helped. JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; though Garrick had more opportunities
+    than almost any man, to keep the publick in mind of him, by exhibiting
+    himself to such numbers, he would not have had so much reputation, had
+    he not been so much attacked. Every attack produces a defence; and so
+    attention is engaged. There is no sport in mere praise, when people are
+    all of a mind.' BOSWELL. 'Then Hume is not the worse for Beattie's
+    attack?<a href="#note-744">[744]</a>' JOHNSON. 'He is, because Beattie has confuted him. I do
+    not say, but that there may be some attacks which will hurt an author.
+    Though Hume suffered from Beattie, he was the better for other attacks.'
+    (He certainly could not include in that number those of Dr. Adams<a href="#note-745">[745]</a>,
+    and Mr. Tytler<a href="#note-746">[746]</a>.) BOSWELL. 'Goldsmith is the better for attacks.'
+    JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; but he does not think so yet. When Goldsmith and I
+    published, each of us something, at the same time<a href="#note-747">[747]</a>, we were given to
+    understand that we might review each other. Goldsmith was for accepting
+    the offer. I said, No; set Reviewers at defiance. It was said to old
+    Bentley, upon the attacks against him, "Why, they'll write you down."
+    "No, Sir," he replied; "depend upon it, no man was ever written down but
+    by himself<a href="#note-748">[748]</a>." 'He observed to me afterwards, that the advantages
+    authors derived from attacks, were chiefly in subjects of taste, where
+    you cannot confute, as so much may be said on either side.<a href="#note-749">[749]</a> He told
+    me he did not know who was the authour of the <i>Adventures of a
+    Guinea</i><a href="#note-750">[750]</a>, but that the bookseller had sent the first volume to him
+    in manuscript, to have his opinion if it should be printed; and he
+    thought it should.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The weather being now somewhat better, Mr. James McDonald, factor to Sir
+    Alexander McDonald in Slate, insisted that all the company at Ostig
+    should go to the house at Armidale, which Sir Alexander had left, having
+    gone with his lady to Edinburgh, and be his guests, till we had an
+    opportunity of sailing to Mull. We accordingly got there to dinner; and
+    passed our day very cheerfully, being no less than fourteen in number.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_56"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SATURDAY, OCTOBER 2.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson said, that 'a Chief and his Lady should make their house
+    like a court. They should have a certain number of the gentlemen's
+    daughters to receive their education in the family, to learn pastry and
+    such things from the housekeeper, and manners from my lady. That was the
+    way in the great families in Wales; at Lady Salisbury's,<a href="#note-751">[751]</a> Mrs.
+    Thrale's grandmother, and at Lady Philips's.<a href="#note-752">[752]</a> I distinguish the
+    families by the ladies, as I speak of what was properly their province.
+    There were always six young ladies at Sir John Philips's: when one was
+    married, her place was filled up. There was a large school-room, where
+    they learnt needle-work and other things.' I observed, that, at some
+    courts in Germany, there were academies for the pages, who are the sons
+    of gentlemen, and receive their education without any expence to their
+    parents. Dr. Johnson said, that manners were best learned at those
+    courts.' You are admitted with great facility to the prince's company,
+    and yet must treat him with much respect. At a great court, you are at
+    such a distance that you get no good.' I said, 'Very true: a man sees
+    the court of Versailles, as if he saw it on a theatre.' He said, 'The
+    best book that ever was written upon good breeding, <i>Il Corteggiano</i>, by
+    Castiglione<a href="#note-753">[753]</a>, grew up at the little court of Urbino, and you should
+    read it.' I am glad always to have his opinion of books. At Mr.
+    McPherson's, he commended Whitby's <i>Commentary</i><a href="#note-754">[754]</a>, and said, he had
+    heard him called rather lax; but he did not perceive it. He had looked
+    at a novel, called <i>The Man of the World</i><a href="#note-755">[755]</a>, at Rasay, but thought
+    there was nothing in it. He said to-day, while reading my <i>Journal</i>,
+    'This will be a great treasure to us some years hence.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Talking of a very penurious gentleman of our acquaintance<a href="#note-756">[756]</a>, he
+    observed, that he exceeded <i>L'Avare</i> in the play<a href="#note-757">[757]</a>. I concurred with
+    him, and remarked that he would do well, if introduced in one of Foote's
+    farces; that the best way to get it done, would be to bring Foote to be
+    entertained at his house for a week, and then it would be <i>facit
+    indignatio</i><a href="#note-758">[758]</a>. JOHNSON. 'Sir, I wish he had him. I, who have eaten
+    his bread, will not give him to him; but I should be glad he came
+    honestly by him.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He said, he was angry at Thrale, for sitting at General Oglethorpe's
+    without speaking. He censured a man for degrading himself to a
+    non-entity. I observed, that Goldsmith was on the other extreme; for he
+    spoke at all ventures.<a href="#note-759">[759]</a> JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; Goldsmith, rather than
+    not speak, will talk of what he knows himself to be ignorant, which can
+    only end in exposing him.' 'I wonder, (said I,) if he feels that he
+    exposes himself. If he was with two taylors,' 'Or with two founders,
+    (said Dr. Johnson, interrupting me,) he would fall a talking on the
+    method of making cannon, though both of them would soon see that he did
+    not know what metal a cannon is made of.' We were very social and merry
+    in his room this forenoon. In the evening the company danced as usual.
+    We performed, with much activity, a dance which, I suppose, the
+    emigration from Sky has occasioned. They call it <i>America</i>. Each of the
+    couples, after the common <i>involutions</i> and <i>evolutions</i>, successively
+    whirls round in a circle, till all are in motion; and the dance seems
+    intended to shew how emigration catches, till a whole neighbourhood is
+    set afloat. Mrs. M'Kinnon told me, that last year when a ship sailed
+    from Portree for America, the people on shore were almost distracted
+    when they saw their relations go off, they lay down on the ground,
+    tumbled, and tore the grass with their teeth. This year there was not a
+    tear shed. The people on shore seemed to think that they would soon
+    follow. This indifference is a mortal sign for the country.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We danced to-night to the musick of the bagpipe, which made us beat the
+    ground with prodigious force. I thought it better to endeavour to
+    conciliate the kindness of the people of Sky, by joining heartily in
+    their amusements, than to play the abstract scholar. I looked on this
+    Tour to the Hebrides as a copartnership between Dr. Johnson and me. Each
+    was to do all he could to promote its success; and I have some reason to
+    flatter myself, that my gayer exertions were of service to us. Dr.
+    Johnson's immense fund of knowledge and wit was a wonderful source of
+    admiration and delight to them; but they had it only at times; and they
+    required to have the intervals agreeably filled up, and even little
+    elucidations of his learned text. I was also fortunate enough frequently
+    to draw him forth to talk, when he would otherwise have been silent. The
+    fountain was at times locked up, till I opened the spring. It was
+    curious to hear the Hebridians, when any dispute happened while he was
+    out of the room, saying, 'Stay till Dr. Johnson comes: say that
+    to <i>him!</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    Yesterday, Dr. Johnson said, 'I cannot but laugh, to think of myself
+    roving among the Hebrides at sixty<a href="#note-760">[760]</a>. I wonder where I shall rove at
+    fourscore<a href="#note-761">[761]</a>!' This evening he disputed the truth of what is said, as
+    to the people of St. Kilda catching cold whenever strangers come. 'How
+    can there (said he) be a physical effect without a physical cause<a href="#note-762">[762]</a>?'
+    He added, laughing, 'the arrival of a ship full of strangers would kill
+    them; for, if one stranger gives them one cold, two strangers must give
+    them two colds; and so in proportion.' I wondered to hear him ridicule
+    this, as he had praised M'Aulay for putting it in his book: saying, that
+    it was manly in him to tell a fact, however strange, if he himself
+    believed it<a href="#note-763">[763]</a>. He said, the evidence was not adequate to the
+    improbability of the thing; that if a physician, rather disposed to be
+    incredulous, should go to St. Kilda, and report the fact, then he would
+    begin to look about him. They said, it was annually proved by M'Leod's
+    steward, on whose arrival all the inhabitants caught cold. He jocularly
+    remarked, 'the steward always comes to demand something from them; and
+    so they fall a coughing. I suppose the people in Sky all take a cold,
+    when&mdash;(naming a certain person<a href="#note-764">[764]</a>) comes.' They said, he came only in
+    summer. JOHNSON. 'That is out of tenderness to you. Bad weather and he,
+    at the same time, would be too much.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_57"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SUNDAY, OCTOBER 3.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Joseph reported that the wind was still against us. Dr. Johnson said, 'A
+    wind, or not a wind? that is the question<a href="#note-765">[765]</a>;' for he can amuse
+    himself at times with a little play of words, or rather sentences. I
+    remember when he turned his cup at Aberbrothick, where we drank tea, he
+    muttered <i>Claudite jam rivos, pueri'</i><a href="#note-766">[766]</a>. I must again and again
+    apologize to fastidious readers, for recording such minute particulars.
+    They prove the scrupulous fidelity of my <i>Journal</i>. Dr. Johnson said it
+    was a very exact picture of a portion of his life.
+</p>
+<p>
+    While we were chatting in the indolent stile of men who were to stay
+    here all this day at least, we were suddenly roused at being told that
+    the wind was fair, that a little fleet of herring-busses was passing by
+    for Mull, and that Mr. Simpson's vessel was about to sail. Hugh
+    M'Donald, the skipper, came to us, and was impatient that we should get
+    ready, which we soon did. Dr. Johnson, with composure and solemnity,
+    repeated the observation of Epictetus, that, 'as man has the voyage of
+    death before him,&mdash;whatever may be his employment, he should be ready at
+    the master's call; and an old man should never be far from the shore,
+    lest he should not be able to get himself ready.' He rode, and I and the
+    other gentlemen walked, about an English mile to the shore, where the
+    vessel lay. Dr. Johnson said, he should never forget Sky, and returned
+    thanks for all civilities. We were carried to the vessel in a small boat
+    which she had, and we set sail very briskly about one o'clock. I was
+    much pleased with the motion for many hours. Dr. Johnson grew sick, and
+    retired under cover, as it rained a good deal. I kept above, that I
+    might have fresh air, and finding myself not affected by the motion of
+    the vessel, I exulted in being a stout seaman, while Dr. Johnson was
+    quite in a state of annihilation. But I was soon humbled; for after
+    imagining that I could go with ease to America or the East-Indies, I
+    became very sick, but kept above board, though it rained hard.
+</p>
+<p>
+    As we had been detained so long in Sky by bad weather, we gave up the
+    scheme that Col had planned for us of visiting several islands, and
+    contented ourselves with the prospect of seeing Mull, and Icolmkill and
+    Inchkenneth, which lie near to it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Simpson was sanguine in his hopes for awhile, the wind being fair
+    for us. He said, he would land us at Icolmkill that night. But when the
+    wind failed, it was resolved we should make for the sound of Mull, and
+    land in the harbour of Tobermorie. We kept near the five herring vessels
+    for some time; but afterwards four of them got before us, and one little
+    wherry fell behind us. When we got in full view of the point of
+    Ardnamurchan, the wind changed, and was directly against our getting
+    into the Sound. We were then obliged to tack, and get forward in that
+    tedious manner. As we advanced, the storm grew greater, and the sea very
+    rough. Col then began to talk of making for Egg, or Canna, or his own
+    island. Our skipper said, he would get us into the Sound. Having
+    struggled for this a good while in vain, he said, he would push forward
+    till we were near the land of Mull, where we might cast anchor, and lie
+    till the morning; for although, before this, there had been a good moon,
+    and I had pretty distinctly seen not only the land of Mull, but up the
+    Sound, and the country of Morven as at one end of it, the night was now
+    grown very dark. Our crew consisted of one M'Donald, our skipper, and
+    two sailors, one of whom had but one eye: Mr. Simpson himself, Col, and
+    Hugh M'Donald his servant, all helped. Simpson said, he would willingly
+    go for Col, if young Col or his servant would undertake to pilot us to
+    a harbour; but, as the island is low land, it was dangerous to run upon
+    it in the dark. Col and his servant appeared a little dubious. The
+    scheme of running for Canna seemed then to be embraced; but Canna was
+    ten leagues off, all out of our way; and they were afraid to attempt the
+    harbour of Egg. All these different plans were successively in
+    agitation. The old skipper still tried to make for the land of Mull; but
+    then it was considered that there was no place there where we could
+    anchor in safety. Much time was lost in striving against the storm. At
+    last it became so rough, and threatened to be so much worse, that Col
+    and his servant took more courage, and said they would undertake to hit
+    one of the harbours in Col. 'Then let us run for it in GOD'S name,' said
+    the skipper; and instantly we turned towards it. The little wherry which
+    had fallen behind us had hard work. The master begged that, if we made
+    for Col, we should put out a light to him. Accordingly one of the
+    sailors waved a glowing peat for some time. The various difficulties
+    that were started, gave me a good deal of apprehension, from which I was
+    relieved, when I found we were to run for a harbour before the wind. But
+    my relief was but of short duration: for I soon heard that our sails
+    were very bad, and were in danger of being torn in pieces, in which case
+    we should be driven upon the rocky shore of Col. It was very dark, and
+    there was a heavy and incessant rain. The sparks of the burning peat
+    flew so much about, that I dreaded the vessel might take fire. Then, as
+    Col was a sportsman, and had powder on board, I figured that we might be
+    blown up. Simpson and he appeared a little frightened, which made me
+    more so; and the perpetual talking, or rather shouting, which was
+    carried on in Erse, alarmed me still more. A man is always suspicious of
+    what is saying in an unknown tongue; and, if fear be his passion at the
+    time, he grows more afraid. Our vessel often lay so much on one side,
+    that I trembled lest she should be overset, and indeed they told me
+    afterwards, that they had run her sometimes to within an inch of the
+    water, so anxious were they to make what haste they could before the
+    night should be worse. I now saw what I never saw before, a prodigious
+    sea, with immense billows coming upon a vessel, so as that it seemed
+    hardly possible to escape. There was something grandly horrible in the
+    sight. I am glad I have seen it once. Amidst all these terrifying
+    circumstances, I endeavoured to compose my mind. It was not easy to do
+    it; for all the stories that I had heard of the dangerous sailing among
+    the Hebrides, which is proverbial<a href="#note-767">[767]</a>, came full upon my recollection.
+    When I thought of those who were dearest to me, and would suffer
+    severely, should I be lost, I upbraided myself, as not having a
+    sufficient cause for putting myself in such danger. Piety afforded me
+    comfort; yet I was disturbed by the objections that have been made
+    against a particular providence, and by the arguments of those who
+    maintain that it is in vain to hope that the petitions of an individual,
+    or even of congregations, can have any influence with the Deity;
+    objections which have been often made, and which Dr. Hawkesworth has
+    lately revived, in his Preface to the <i>Voyages to the South Seas</i><a href="#note-768">[768]</a>;
+    but Dr. Ogden's excellent doctrine on the efficacy of intercession
+    prevailed.
+</p>
+<p>
+    It was half an hour after eleven before we set ourselves in the course
+    for Col. As I saw them all busy doing something, I asked Col, with much
+    earnestness, what I could do. He, with a happy readiness, put into my
+    hand a rope, which was fixed to the top of one of the masts, and told me
+    to hold it till he bade me pull. If I had considered the matter, I might
+    have seen that this could not be of the least service; but his object
+    was to keep me out of the way of those who were busy working the vessel,
+    and at the same time to divert my fear, by employing me, and making me
+    think that I was of use. Thus did I stand firm to my post, while the
+    wind and rain beat upon me, always expecting a call to pull my rope.
+    The man with one eye steered; old M'Donald, and Col and his servant, lay
+    upon the fore-castle, looking sharp out for the harbour. It was
+    necessary to carry much <i>cloth</i>, as they termed it, that is to say, much
+    sail, in order to keep the vessel off the shore of Col. This made
+    violent plunging in a rough sea. At last they spied the harbour of
+    Lochiern, and Col cried, 'Thank GOD, we are safe!' We ran up till we
+    were opposite to it, and soon afterwards we got into it, and
+    cast anchor.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson had all this time been quiet and unconcerned. He had lain
+    down on one of the beds, and having got free from sickness, was
+    satisfied. The truth is, he knew nothing of the danger we were in<a href="#note-769">[769]</a>
+    but, fearless and unconcerned, might have said, in the words which he
+    has chosen for the motto to his <i>Rambler</i>,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Quo me cunque rapit tempestas, deferor hospes.<a href="#note-770">[770]</a>'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Once, during the doubtful consultations, he asked whither we were going;
+    and upon being told that it was not certain whether to Mull or Col, he
+    cried, 'Col for my money!' I now went down, with Col and Mr. Simpson, to
+    visit him. He was lying in philosophick tranquillity with a greyhound of
+    Col's at his back, keeping him warm. Col is quite the <i>Juvenis qui
+    gaudet canibus</i><a href="#note-771">[771]</a>. He had, when we left Talisker, two greyhounds,
+    two terriers, a pointer, and a large Newfoundland water-dog. He lost one
+    of his terriers by the road, but had still five dogs with him. I was
+    very ill, and very desirous to get to shore. When I was told that we
+    could not land that night, as the storm had now increased, I looked so
+    miserably, as Col afterwards informed me, that what Shakspeare has made
+    the Frenchman say of the English soldiers, when scantily dieted,
+    <i>'Piteous they will look, like drowned mice!'</i><a href="#note-772">[772]</a> might, I believe,
+    have been well applied to me. There was in the harbour, before us, a
+    Campbelltown vessel, the Betty, Kenneth Morrison master, taking in
+    kelp, and bound for Ireland. We sent our boat to beg beds for two
+    gentlemen, and that the master would send his boat, which was larger
+    than ours. He accordingly did so, and Col and I were accommodated in his
+    vessel till the morning.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_58"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    MONDAY, OCTOBER 4.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    About eight o'clock we went in the boat to Mr. Simpson's vessel, and
+    took in Dr. Johnson. He was quite well, though he had tasted nothing but
+    a dish of tea since Saturday night. On our expressing some surprise at
+    this, he said, that, 'when he lodged in the Temple, and had no regular
+    system of life, he had fasted for two days at a time, during which he
+    had gone about visiting, though not at the hours of dinner or supper;
+    that he had drunk tea, but eaten no bread; that this was no intentional
+    fasting, but happened just in the course of a literary life.'<a href="#note-773">[773]</a>
+</p>
+<p>
+    There was a little miserable publick-house close upon the shore, to
+    which we should have gone, had we landed last night: but this morning
+    Col resolved to take us directly to the house of Captain Lauchlan
+    M'Lean, a descendant of his family, who had acquired a fortune in the
+    East-Indies, and taken a farm in Col<a href="#note-774">[774]</a>. We had about an English mile
+    to go to it. Col and Joseph, and some others, ran to some little horses,
+    called here <i>Shelties</i>, that were running wild on a heath, and catched
+    one of them. We had a saddle with us, which was clapped upon it, and a
+    straw halter was put on its head. Dr. Johnson was then mounted, and
+    Joseph very slowly and gravely led the horse. I said to Dr. Johnson, 'I
+    wish, Sir, <i>the Club</i> saw you in this attitude.<a href="#note-775">[775]</a>'
+</p>
+<p>
+    It was a very heavy rain, and I was wet to the skin. Captain M'Lean had
+    but a poor temporary house, or rather hut; however, it was a very good
+    haven to us. There was a blazing peat-fire, and Mrs. M'Lean, daughter of
+    the minister of the parish, got us tea. I felt still the motion of the
+    sea. Dr. Johnson said, it was not in imagination, but a continuation of
+    motion on the fluids, like that of the sea itself after the storm
+    is over.
+</p>
+<p>
+    There were some books on the board which served as a chimney-piece. Dr.
+    Johnson took up Burnet's <i>History of his own Times</i><a href="#note-776">[776]</a>. He said, 'The
+    first part of it is one of the most entertaining books in the English
+    language; it is quite dramatick: while he went about every where, saw
+    every where, and heard every where. By the first part, I mean so far as
+    it appears that Burnet himself was actually engaged in what he has told;
+    and this may be easily distinguished.' Captain M'Lean censured Burnet,
+    for his high praise of Lauderdale in a dedication<a href="#note-777">[777]</a>, when he shews
+    him in his history to have been so bad a man. JOHNSON. 'I do not myself
+    think that a man should say in a dedication what he could not say in a
+    history. However, allowance should be made; for there is a great
+    difference. The known style of a dedication is flattery: it professes
+    to flatter. There is the same difference between what a man says in a
+    dedication, and what he says in a history, as between a lawyer's
+    pleading a cause, and reporting it.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    The day passed away pleasantly enough. The wind became fair for Mull in
+    the evening, and Mr. Simpson resolved to sail next morning: but having
+    been thrown into the island of Col we were unwilling to leave it
+    unexamined, especially as we considered that the Campbelltown vessel
+    would sail for Mull in a day or two, and therefore we determined
+    to stay.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_59"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    TUESDAY, OCTOBER 5.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    I rose, and wrote my <i>Journal</i> till about nine; and then went to Dr.
+    Johnson, who sat up in bed and talked and laughed. I said, it was
+    curious to look back ten years, to the time when we first thought of
+    visiting the Hebrides<a href="#note-778">[778]</a>. How distant and improbable the scheme then
+    appeared! Yet here we were actually among them. 'Sir, (said he,) people
+    may come to do any thing almost, by talking of it. I really believe, I
+    could talk myself into building a house upon island Isa<a href="#note-779">[779]</a>, though I
+    should probably never come back again to see it. I could easily persuade
+    Reynolds to do it; and there would be no great sin in persuading him to
+    do it. Sir, he would reason thus: "What will it cost me to be there once
+    in two or three summers? Why, perhaps, five hundred pounds; and what is
+    that, in comparison of having a fine retreat, to which a man can go, or
+    to which he can send a friend?" He would never find out that he may have
+    this within twenty miles of London. Then I would tell him, that he may
+    marry one of the Miss M'Leods, a lady of great family. Sir, it is
+    surprising how people will go to a distance for what they may have at
+    home. I knew a lady who came up from Lincolnshire to Knightsbridge with
+    one of her daughters, and gave five guineas a week for a lodging and a
+    warm bath; that is, mere warm water. <i>That</i>, you know, could not be had
+    in <i>Lincolnshire</i>! She said, it was made either too hot or too
+    cold there.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    After breakfast, Dr. Johnson and I, and Joseph, mounted horses, and Col
+    and the Captain walked with us about a short mile across the island. We
+    paid a visit to the Reverend Mr. Hector M'Lean. His parish consists of
+    the islands of Col and Tyr-yi. He was about seventy-seven years of age,
+    a decent ecclesiastick, dressed in a full suit of black clothes, and a
+    black wig. He appeared like a Dutch pastor, or one of the assembly of
+    divines at Westminster. Dr. Johnson observed to me afterwards, 'that he
+    was a fine old man, and was as well-dressed, and had as much dignity in
+    his appearance as the dean of a cathedral.' We were told, that he had a
+    valuable library, though but poor accommodation for it, being obliged to
+    keep his books in large chests. It was curious to see him and Dr.
+    Johnson together. Neither of them heard very distinctly; so each of them
+    talked in his own way, and at the same time. Mr. M'Lean said, he had a
+    confutation of Bayle, by Leibnitz. JOHNSON. 'A confutation of Bayle,
+    Sir! What part of Bayle do you mean? The greatest part of his writings
+    is not confutable: it is historical and critical.' Mr. M'Lean said, 'the
+    irreligious part;' and proceeded to talk of Leibnitz's controversy with
+    Clarke, calling Leibnitz a great man. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, Leibnitz
+    persisted in affirming that Newton called space <i>sensorium numinis</i>,
+    notwithstanding he was corrected, and desired to observe that Newton's
+    words were QUASI <i>sensorium numinis</i><a href="#note-780">[780]</a>. No, Sir; Leibnitz was as
+    paltry a fellow as I know. Out of respect to Queen Caroline, who
+    patronised him, Clarke treated him too well.<a href="#note-781">[781]</a>'  During the time
+    that Dr. Johnson was thus going on, the old minister was standing with
+    his back to the fire, cresting up erect, pulling down the front of his
+    periwig, and talking what a great man Leibnitz was. To give an idea of
+    the scene, would require a page with two columns; but it ought rather to
+    be represented by two good players. The old gentleman said, Clarke was
+    very wicked, for going so much into the Arian system<a href="#note-782">[782]</a>. 'I will not
+    say he was wicked, said Dr. Johnson; he might be mistaken.' M'LEAN. 'He
+    was wicked, to shut his eyes against the Scriptures; and worthy men in
+    England have since confuted him to all intents and purposes.' JOHNSON.
+    'I know not <i>who</i> has confuted him to <i>all intents and purposes</i>.' Here
+    again there was a double talking, each continuing to maintain his own
+    argument, without hearing exactly what the other said.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I regretted that Dr. Johnson did not practice the art of accommodating
+    himself to different sorts of people. Had he been softer with this
+    venerable old man, we might have had more conversation; but his forcible
+    spirit, and impetuosity of manner, may be said to spare neither sex nor
+    age. I have seen even Mrs. Thrale stunned; but I have often maintained,
+    that it is better he should retain his own manner<a href="#note-783">[783]</a>. Pliability of
+    address I conceive to be inconsistent with that majestick power of mind
+    which he possesses, and which produces such noble effects. A lofty oak
+    will not bend like a supple willow.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He told me afterwards, he liked firmness in an old man, and was pleased
+    to see Mr. M'Lean so orthodox. 'At his age, it is too late for a man to
+    be asking himself questions as to his belief<a href="#note-784">[784]</a>.'  We rode to the
+    northern part of the island, where we saw the ruins of a church or
+    chapel<a href="#note-785">[785]</a>. We then proceeded to a place called Grissipol, or the
+    rough Pool.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At Grissipol we found a good farm house, belonging to the Laird of Col,
+    and possessed by Mr. M'Sweyn. On the beach here there is a singular
+    variety of curious stones. I picked up one very like a small cucumber.
+    By the by, Dr. Johnson told me, that Gay's line in <i>The Beggars Opera</i>,
+    'As men should serve a cucumber<a href="#note-786">[786]</a>,' &amp;c. has no waggish meaning, with
+    reference to men flinging away cucumbers as too <i>cooling</i>, which some
+    have thought; for it has been a common saying of physicians in England,
+    that a cucumber should be well sliced, and dressed with pepper and
+    vinegar, and then thrown out, as good for nothing. Mr. M'Sweyn's
+    predecessors had been in Sky from a very remote period, upon the estate
+    belonging to M'Leod; probably before M'Leod had it The name is certainly
+    Norwegian, from <i>Sueno</i>, King of Norway. The present Mr. M'Sweyn left
+    Sky upon the late M'Leod's raising his rents. He then got this farm
+    from Col.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He appeared to be near fourscore; but looked as fresh, and was as strong
+    as a man of fifty. His son Hugh looked older; and, as Dr. Johnson
+    observed, had more the manners of an old man than he. I had often heard
+    of such instances, but never saw one before. Mrs. M'Sweyn was a decent
+    old gentlewoman. She was dressed in tartan, and could speak nothing but
+    Erse. She said, she taught Sir James M'Donald Erse, and would teach me
+    soon. I could now sing a verse of the song <i>Hatyin foam'eri</i><a href="#note-787">[787]</a>, made
+    in honour of Allan, the famous Captain of Clanranald, who fell at
+    Sherrif-muir<a href="#note-788">[788]</a>; whose servant, who lay on the field watching his
+    master's dead body, being asked next day who that was, answered, 'He was
+    a man yesterday.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We were entertained here with a primitive heartiness. Whiskey was served
+    round in a shell, according to the ancient Highland custom. Dr. Johnson
+    would not partake of it; but, being desirous to do honour to the modes
+    'of other times,' drank some water out of the shell.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the forenoon Dr. Johnson said, 'it would require great resignation to
+    live in one of these islands.' BOSWELL. 'I don't know, Sir; I have felt
+    myself at times in a state of almost mere physical existence, satisfied
+    to eat, drink, and sleep, and walk about, and enjoy my own thoughts; and
+    I can figure a continuation of this.' JOHNSON. 'Ay, Sir; but if you were
+    shut up here, your own thoughts would torment you. You would think of
+    Edinburgh or London, and that you could not be there.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We set out after dinner for <i>Breacacha</i>, the family seat of the Laird of
+    Col, accompanied by the young laird, who had now got a horse, and by the
+    younger Mr. M'Sweyn, whose wife had gone thither before us, to prepare
+    every thing for our reception, the laird and his family being absent at
+    Aberdeen. It is called <i>Breacacha</i>, or the Spotted Field, because in
+    summer it is enamelled with clover and daisies, as young Col told me. We
+    passed by a place where there is a very large stone, I may call it a
+    <i>rock</i>;&mdash;'a vast weight for Ajax<a href="#note-789">[789]</a>.' The tradition is, that a giant
+    threw such another stone at his mistress, up to the top of a hill, at a
+    small distance; and that she in return, threw this mass down to
+    him<a href="#note-790">[790]</a>. It was all in sport.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Malo me petit lasciva puella<a href="#note-791">[791]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    As we advanced, we came to a large extent of plain ground. I had not
+    seen such a place for a long time. Col and I took a gallop upon it by
+    way of race. It was very refreshing to me, after having been so long
+    taking short steps in hilly countries. It was like stretching a man's
+    legs after being cramped in a short bed. We also passed close by a large
+    extent of sand-hills, near two miles square. Dr. Johnson said, 'he never
+    had the image before. It was horrible, if barrenness and danger could be
+    so.' I heard him, after we were in the house of <i>Breacacha</i>, repeating
+    to himself, as he walked about the room,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'And smother'd in the dusty whirlwind, dies<a href="#note-792">[792]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Probably he had been thinking of the whole of the simile in <i>Cato</i>, of
+    which that is the concluding line; the sandy desart had struck him so
+    strongly. The sand has of late been blown over a good deal of meadow,
+    and the people of the island say, that their fathers remembered much of
+    the space which is now covered with sand, to have been under
+    tillage<a href="#note-793">[793]</a>. Col's house is situated on a bay called <i>Breacacha</i> Bay.
+    We found here a neat new-built gentleman's house, better than any we had
+    been in since we were at Lord Errol's. Dr. Johnson relished it much at
+    first, but soon remarked to me, that 'there was nothing becoming a Chief
+    about it: it was a mere tradesman's box<a href="#note-794">[794]</a>.' He seemed quite at home,
+    and no longer found any difficulty in using the Highland address; for as
+    soon as we arrived, he said, with a spirited familiarity, 'Now, <i>Col</i>,
+    if you could get us a dish of tea.' Dr. Johnson and I had each an
+    excellent bed-chamber. We had a dispute which of us had the best
+    curtains. His were rather the best, being of linen; but I insisted that
+    my bed had the best posts, which was undeniable. 'Well, (said he,) if
+    you <i>have</i> the best <i>posts</i>, we will have you tied to them and whipped.'
+    I mention this slight circumstance, only to shew how ready he is, even
+    in mere trifles, to get the better of his antagonist, by placing him in
+    a ludicrous view. I have known him sometimes use the same art, when hard
+    pressed in serious disputation. Goldsmith, I remember, to retaliate for
+    many a severe defeat which he has suffered from him, applied to him a
+    lively saying in one of Cibber's comedies, which puts this part of his
+    character in a strong light.&mdash;'There is no arguing with Johnson; for,
+    <i>if his pistol misses fire, he knocks you down with the butt end of
+    it</i><a href="#note-795">[795]</a>.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_60"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 6.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    After a sufficiency of sleep, we assembled at breakfast. We were just as
+    if in barracks. Every body was master. We went and viewed the old castle
+    of Col, which is not far from the present house, near the shore, and
+    founded on a rock. It has never been a large feudal residence, and has
+    nothing about it that requires a particular description. Like other old
+    inconvenient buildings of the same age, it exemplified Gray's
+    picturesque lines,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Huge<a href="#note-796">[796]</a> windows that exclude the light,
+      And passages that lead to nothing.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    It may however be worth mentioning, that on the second story we saw a
+    vault, which was, and still is, the family prison. There was a woman put
+    into it by the laird, for theft, within these ten years; and any
+    offender would be confined there yet; for, from the necessity of the
+    thing, as the island is remote from any power established by law, the
+    laird must exercise his jurisdiction to a certain degree.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We were shewn, in a corner of this vault, a hole, into which Col said
+    greater criminals used to be put. It was now filled up with rubbish of
+    different kinds. He said, it was of a great depth, 'Ay, (said Dr.
+    Johnson, smiling,) all such places, that <i>are filled up</i>, were of a
+    great depth.' He is very quick in shewing that he does not give credit
+    to careless or exaggerated accounts of things. After seeing the castle,
+    we looked at a small hut near it. It is called <i>Teigh Franchich, i.e.</i>
+    the Frenchman's House. Col could not tell us the history of it. A poor
+    man with a wife and children now lived in it. We went into it, and Dr.
+    Johnson gave them some charity. There was but one bed for all the
+    family, and the hut was very smoky. When he came out, he said to me,
+    <i>'Et hoc secundum sententiam philosophorum est esse beatus</i><a href="#note-797">[797]</a>.'
+    BOSWELL. 'The philosophers, when they placed happiness in a cottage,
+    supposed cleanliness and no smoke.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, they did not think
+    about either.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We walked a little in the laird's garden, in which endeavours have been
+    used to rear some trees; but, as soon as they got above the surrounding
+    wall, they died. Dr. Johnson recommended sowing the seeds of hardy
+    trees, instead of planting.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Col and I rode out this morning, and viewed a part of the island. In the
+    course of our ride, we saw a turnip-field, which he had hoed with his
+    own hands. He first introduced this kind of husbandry into the Western
+    islands<a href="#note-798">[798]</a>. We also looked at an appearance of lead, which seemed very
+    promising. It has been long known; for I found letters to the late
+    laird, from Sir John Areskine and Sir Alexander Murray, respecting it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After dinner came Mr. M'Lean, of Corneck, brother to Isle of Muck, who
+    is a cadet of the family of Col. He possesses the two ends of Col, which
+    belong to the Duke of Argyll. Corneck had lately taken a lease of them
+    at a very advanced rent, rather than let the Campbells get a footing in
+    the island, one of whom had offered nearly as much as he. Dr. Johnson
+    well observed, that, 'landlords err much when they calculate merely
+    what their land <i>may</i> yield. The rent must be in a proportionate ratio
+    of what the land may yield, and of the power of the tenant to make it
+    yield. A tenant cannot make by his land, but according to the corn and
+    cattle which he has. Suppose you should give him twice as much land as
+    he has, it does him no good, unless he gets also more stock. It is clear
+    then, that the Highland landlords, who let their substantial tenants
+    leave them, are infatuated; for the poor small tenants cannot give them
+    good rents, from the very nature of things. They have not the means of
+    raising more from their farms<a href="#note-799">[799]</a>.' Corneck, Dr. Johnson said, was the
+    most distinct man that he had met with in these isles: he did not shut
+    his eyes, or put his fingers in his ears, which he seemed to think was a
+    good deal the mode with most of the people whom we have seen of late.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_61"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THURSDAY, OCTOBER 7.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Captain M'Lean joined us this morning at breakfast. There came on a
+    dreadful storm of wind and rain, which continued all day, and rather
+    increased at night. The wind was directly against our getting to Mull.
+    We were in a strange state of abstraction from the world: we could
+    neither hear from our friends, nor write to them. Col had brought Daille
+    <i>on the Fathers</i><a href="#note-800">[800]</a>, Lucas <i>on Happiness</i>[801], and More's
+    <i>Dialogues</i><a href="#note-802">[802]</a>, from the Reverend Mr. M'Lean's, and Burnet's <i>History
+    of his own Times</i>, from Captain M'Lean's; and he had of his own some
+    books of farming, and Gregory's <i>Geometry</i><a href="#note-803">[803]</a>. Dr. Johnson read a good
+    deal of Burnet, and of Gregory, and I observed he made some geometrical
+    notes in the end of his pocket-book. I read a little of Young's <i>Six
+    Weeks' Tour through the Southern Counties</i>; and Ovid's <i>Epistles</i>, which
+    I had bought at Inverness, and which helped to solace many a weary hour.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We were to have gone with Dr. Johnson this morning to see the mine; but
+    were prevented by the storm. While it was raging, he said, 'We may be
+    glad we are not <i>damnati ad metalla</i>.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_62"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    FRIDAY, OCTOBER 8.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson appeared to-day very weary of our present confined
+    situation. He said, 'I want to be on the main land, and go on with
+    existence. This is a waste of life.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I shall here insert, without regard to chronology, some of his
+    conversation at different times.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'There was a man some time ago, who was well received for two years,
+    among the gentlemen of Northamptonshire, by calling himself my brother.
+    At last he grew so impudent as by his influence to get tenants turned
+    out of their farms. Allen the Printer<a href="#note-804">[804]</a>, who is of that county, came
+    to me, asking, with much appearance of doubtfulness, if I had a brother;
+    and upon being assured I had none alive, he told me of the imposition,
+    and immediately wrote to the country, and the fellow was dismissed. It
+    pleased me to hear that so much was got by using my name. It is not
+    every name that can carry double; do both for a man's self and his
+    brother (laughing). I should be glad to see the fellow. However, I could
+    have done nothing against him. A man can have no redress for his name
+    being used, or ridiculous stories being told of him in the newspapers,
+    except he can shew that he has suffered damage. Some years ago a foolish
+    piece was published, said to be written <i>by S. Johnson</i>. Some of my
+    friends wanted me to be very angry about this. I said, it would be in
+    vain; for the answer would be, "<i>S. Johnson</i> may be Simon Johnson, or
+    Simeon Johnson, or Solomon Johnson;" and even if the full name, Samuel
+    Johnson, had been used, it might be said; "it is not you; it is a much
+    cleverer fellow."
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Beauclerk and I, and Langton, and Lady Sydney Beauclerk, mother to our
+    friend, were one day driving in a coach by Cuper's Gardens<a href="#note-805">[805]</a>, which
+    were then unoccupied. I, in sport, proposed that Beauclerk and Langton,
+    and myself should take them; and we amused ourselves with scheming how
+    we should all do our parts. Lady Sydney grew angry, and said, "an old
+    man should not put such things in young people's heads." She had no
+    notion of a joke, Sir; had come late into life, and had a mighty
+    unpliable understanding.
+</p>
+<p>
+    '<i>Carte's Life of the Duke of Ormond</i> is considered as a book of
+    authority; but it is ill-written. The matter is diffused in too many
+    words; there is no animation, no compression, no vigour. Two good
+    volumes in duodecimo might be made out of the two in folio<a href="#note-806">[806]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Talking of our confinement here, I observed, that our discontent and
+    impatience could not be considered as very unreasonable; for that we
+    were just in the state of which Seneca complains so grievously, while in
+    exile in Corsica<a href="#note-807">[807]</a>. 'Yes, (said Dr. Johnson,) and he was not farther
+    from home than we are.' The truth is, he was much nearer.
+</p>
+<p>
+    There was a good deal of rain to-day, and the wind was still contrary.
+    Corneck attended me, while I amused myself in examining a collection of
+    papers belonging to the family of Col. The first laird was a younger son
+    of the Chieftain M'Lean, and got the middle part of Col for his
+    patrimony. Dr. Johnson having given a very particular account<a href="#note-808">[808]</a> of
+    the connection between this family and a branch of the family of
+    Camerons, called M'Lonich, I shall only insert the following document,
+    (which I found in Col's cabinet,) as a proof of its continuance, even to
+    a late period:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+    TO THE LAIRD OF COL.
+</center>
+<center>
+    'DEAR SIR,
+</center>
+<p>
+    'The long-standing tract of firm affectionate friendship 'twixt your
+    worthy predecessors and ours affords us such assurance, as that we may
+    have full relyance on your favour and undoubted friendship, in
+    recommending the bearer, Ewen Cameron, our cousin, son to the deceast
+    Dugall M'Connill of Innermaillie, sometime in Glenpean, to your favour
+    and conduct, who is a man of undoubted honesty and discretion, only
+    that he has the misfortune of being alledged to have been accessory to
+    the killing of one of M'Martin's family about fourteen years ago, upon
+    which alledgeance the M'Martins are now so sanguine on revenging, that
+    they are fully resolved for the deprivation of his life; to the
+    preventing of which you are relyed on by us, as the only fit instrument,
+    and a most capable person. Therefore your favour and protection is
+    expected and intreated, during his good behaviour; and failing of which
+    behaviour, you'll please to use him as a most insignificant
+    person deserves.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Sir, he had, upon the alledgeance foresaid, been transported, at
+    Lochiel's desire, to France, to gratify the M'Martins, and upon his
+    return home, about five years ago, married: But now he is so much
+    threatened by the M'Martins, that he is not secure enough to stay where
+    he is, being Ardmurchan, which occasions this trouble to you. Wishing
+    prosperity and happiness to attend still yourself, worthy Lady, and good
+    family, we are, in the most affectionate manner,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Dear Sir,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+'Your most obliged, affectionate,
+    'And most humble Servants,
+        'DUGALL CAMERON, <i>of Strone</i>.
+         DUGALL CAMERON, <i>of Barr</i>.
+         DUGALL CAMERON, <i>of Inveriskvouilline</i>.
+         DUGALL CAMERON, <i>of Invinvalie</i>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Strone, 11th March, 1737.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Ewen Cameron was protected, and his son has now a farm from the Laird of
+    Col, in Mull.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The family of Col was very loyal in the time of the great Montrose<a href="#note-809">[809]</a>,
+    from whom I found two letters in his own handwriting. The first is
+    as follows:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+    FOR MY VERY LOVING FRIEND THE LAIRD OF COALL.
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Sir,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I must heartily thank you for all your willingness and good affection
+    to his Majesty's service, and particularly the sending alongs of your
+    son, to who I will heave ane particular respect, hopeing also that you
+    will still continue ane goode instrument for the advanceing ther of the
+    King's service, for which, and all your former loyal carriages, be
+    confident you shall find the effects of his Ma's favour, as they can be
+    witnessed you by
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Your very faithful friende,
+     'MONTROSE.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Strethearne, 20 Jan. 1646.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    The other is:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'FOR THE LAIRD OF COL.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<center>
+    'SIR,
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Having occasion to write to your fields, I cannot be forgetful of your
+    willingness and good affection to his Majesty's service. I acknowledge
+    to you, and thank you heartily for it, assuring, that in what lies in my
+    power, you shall find the good. Meanwhile, I shall expect that you will
+    continue your loyal endeavours, in wishing those slack people that are
+    about you, to appear more obedient than they do, and loyal in their
+    prince's service; whereby I assure you, you shall find me ever
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Your faithful friend,
+     'MONTROSE<a href="#note-810">[810]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Petty, 17 April, 1646.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I found some uncouth lines on the death of the present laird's father,
+    intituled 'Nature's Elegy upon the death of Donald Maclean of Col.' They
+    are not worth insertion. I shall only give what is called his Epitaph,
+    which Dr. Johnson said, 'was not so very bad.'
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Nature's minion, Virtue's wonder,
+      Art's corrective here lyes under.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    I asked, what 'Art's corrective' meant. 'Why, Sir, (said he,) that the
+    laird was so exquisite, that he set art right, when she was wrong.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I found several letters to the late Col, from my father's old companion
+    at Paris, Sir Hector M'Lean, one of which was written at the time of
+    settling the colony in Georgia<a href="#note-811">[811]</a>. It dissuades Col from letting
+    people go there, and assures him there will soon be an opportunity of
+    employing them better at home. Hence it appears that emigration from
+    the Highlands, though not in such numbers at a time as of late, has
+    always been practised. Dr. Johnson observed that 'the Lairds, instead of
+    improving their country, diminished their people.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    There are several districts of sandy desart in Col. There are
+    forty-eight lochs of fresh water; but many of them are very small,&mdash;meer
+    pools. About one half of them, however, have trout and eel. There is a
+    great number of horses in the island, mostly of a small size. Being
+    over-stocked, they sell some in Tir-yi, and on the main land. Their
+    black cattle, which are chiefly rough-haired, are reckoned remarkably
+    good. The climate being very mild in winter, they never put their beasts
+    in any house. The lakes are never frozen so as to bear a man; and snow
+    never lies above a few hours. They have a good many sheep, which they
+    eat mostly themselves, and sell but a few. They have goats in several
+    places. There are no foxes; no serpents, toads, or frogs, nor any
+    venomous creature. They have otters and mice here; but had no rats till
+    lately that an American vessel brought them. There is a rabbit-warren on
+    the north-east of the island, belonging to the Duke of Argyle. Young Col
+    intends to get some hares, of which there are none at present. There are
+    no black-cock, muir-fowl<a href="#note-812">[812]</a>, nor partridges; but there are snipe,
+    wild-duck, wild-geese, and swans, in winter; wild-pidgeons, plover, and
+    great number of starlings; of which I shot some, and found them pretty
+    good eating. Woodcocks come hither, though there is not a tree upon the
+    island. There are no rivers in Col; but only some brooks, in which there
+    is a great variety of fish. In the whole isle there are but three hills,
+    and none of them considerable for a Highland country. The people are
+    very industrious. Every man can tan. They get oak, and birch-bark, and
+    lime, from the main land. Some have pits; but they commonly use tubs. I
+    saw brogues<a href="#note-813">[813]</a> very well tanned; and every man can make them. They all
+    make candles of the tallow of their beasts, both moulded and dipped; and
+    they all make oil of the livers of fish. The little fish called Cuddies
+    produce a great deal. They sell some oil out of the island, and they use
+    it much for light in their houses, in little iron lamps, most of which
+    they have from England; but of late their own blacksmith makes them. He
+    is a good workman; but he has no employment in shoeing horses, for they
+    all go unshod here, except some of a better kind belonging to young Col,
+    which were now in Mull. There are two carpenters in Col; but most of the
+    inhabitants can do something as boat-carpenters. They can all dye. Heath
+    is used for yellow; and for red, a moss which grows on stones. They make
+    broad-cloth, and tartan, and linen, of their own wool and flax,
+    sufficient for their own use; as also stockings. Their bonnets come from
+    the mainland. Hard-ware and several small articles are brought annually
+    from Greenock, and sold in the only shop in the island, which is kept
+    near the house, or rather hut, used for publick worship, there being no
+    church in the island. The inhabitants of Col have increased considerably
+    within these thirty years, as appears from the parish registers. There
+    are but three considerable tacksmen on Col's part of the island<a href="#note-814">[814]</a>:
+    the rest is let to small tenants, some of whom pay so low a rent as
+    four, three, or even two guineas. The highest is seven pounds, paid by a
+    farmer, whose son goes yearly on foot to Aberdeen for education, and in
+    summer returns, and acts as a schoolmaster in Col. Dr. Johnson said,
+    'There is something noble in a young man's walking two hundred miles and
+    back again, every year, for the sake of learning<a href="#note-815">[815]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    This day a number of people came to Col, with complaints of each others'
+    trespasses. Corneck, to prevent their being troublesome, told them, that
+    the lawyer from Edinburgh was here, and if they did not agree, he would
+    take them to task. They were alarmed at this; said, they had never been
+    used to go to law, and hoped Col would settle matters himself. In the
+    evening Corneck left us.
+</p>
+<p>
+    As, in our present confinement, any thing that had even the name of
+    curious was an object of attention, I proposed that Col should shew me
+    the great stone, mentioned in a former page<a href="#note-816">[816]</a>, as having been thrown
+    by a giant to the top of a mountain. Dr. Johnson, who did not like to be
+    left alone, said he would accompany us as far as riding was practicable.
+    We ascended a part of the hill on horseback, and Col and I scrambled up
+    the rest. A servant held our horses, and Dr. Johnson placed himself on
+    the ground, with his back against a large fragment of rock. The wind
+    being high, he let down the cocks of his hat, and tied it with his
+    handkerchief under his chin. While we were employed in examining the
+    stone, which did not repay our trouble in getting to it, he amused
+    himself with reading <i>Gataker on Lots and on the Christian Watch<a href="#note-817">[817]</a>,</i>
+    a very learned book, of the last age, which had been found in the garret
+    of Col's house, and which he said was a treasure here. When we descried
+    him from above, he had a most eremitical appearance; and on our return
+    told us, he had been so much engaged by Gataker, that he had never
+    missed us. His avidity for variety of books, while we were in Col, was
+    frequently expressed; and he often complained that so few were within
+    his reach. Upon which I observed to him, that it was strange he should
+    complain of want of books, when he could at any time make such
+    good ones.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We next proceeded to the lead mine. In our way we came to a strand of
+    some extent, where we were glad to take a gallop, in which my learned
+    friend joined with great alacrity. Dr. Johnson, mounted on a large bay
+    mare without shoes, and followed by a foal, which had some difficulty in
+    keeping up with him, was a singular spectacle.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After examining the mine, we returned through a very uncouth district,
+    full of sand hills; down which, though apparent precipices, our horses
+    carried us with safety, the sand always gently sliding away from their
+    feet. Vestiges of houses were pointed out to us, which Col, and two
+    others who had joined us, asserted had been overwhelmed with sand blown
+    over them. But, on going close to one of them, Dr. Johnson shewed the
+    absurdity of the notion, by remarking, that 'it was evidently only a
+    house abandoned, the stones of which had been taken away for other
+    purposes; for the large stones, which form the lower part of the walls,
+    were still standing higher than the sand. If <i>they</i> were not blown over,
+    it was clear nothing higher than they could be blown over.' This was
+    quite convincing to me; but it made not the least impression on Col and
+    the others, who were not to be argued out of a Highland tradition.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We did not sit down to dinner till between six and seven. We lived
+    plentifully here, and had a true welcome. In such a season good firing
+    was of no small importance. The peats were excellent, and burned
+    cheerfully. Those at Dunvegan, which were damp, Dr. Johnson called 'a
+    sullen fuel.' Here a Scottish phrase was singularly applied to him. One
+    of the company having remarked that he had gone out on a stormy evening,
+    and brought in a supply of peats from the stack, old Mr. M'Sweyn said,
+    'that was <i>main honest</i><a href="#note-818">[818]</a>!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Blenheim being occasionally mentioned, he told me he had never seen
+    it<a href="#note-819">[819]</a>: he had not gone formerly; and he would not go now, just as a
+    common spectator, for his money: he would not put it in the power of
+    some man about the Duke of Marlborough to say, 'Johnson was here; I knew
+    him, but I took no notice of him<a href="#note-820">[820]</a>.' He said, he should be very glad
+    to see it, if properly invited, which in all probability would never be
+    the case, as it was not worth his while to seek for it. I observed, that
+    he might be easily introduced there by a common friend of ours, nearly
+    related to the duke<a href="#note-821">[821]</a>. He answered, with an uncommon attention to
+    delicacy of feeling, 'I doubt whether our friend be on such a footing
+    with the duke as to carry any body there; and I would not give him the
+    uneasiness of seeing that I knew he was not, or even of being himself
+    reminded of it.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_63"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SUNDAY, OCTOBER 10.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    There was this day the most terrible storm of wind and rain that I ever
+    remember<a href="#note-822">[822]</a>. It made such an awful impression on us all, as to
+    produce, for some time, a kind of dismal quietness in the house. The day
+    was passed without much conversation: only, upon my observing that there
+    must be something bad in a man's mind, who does not like to give leases
+    to his tenants, but wishes to keep them in a perpetual wretched
+    dependance on his will, Dr. Johnson said, 'You are right: it is a man's
+    duty to extend comfort and security among as many people as he can. He
+    should not wish to have his tenants mere <i>Ephemerae</i>,&mdash;mere beings of an
+    hour<a href="#note-823">[823]</a>.' BOSWELL. 'But, Sir, if they have leases is there not some
+    danger that they may grow insolent? I remember you yourself once told
+    me, an English tenant was so independent, that, if provoked, he would
+    <i>throw</i> his rent at his landlord.' JOHNSON. 'Depend upon it, Sir, it is
+    the landlord's own fault, if it is thrown at him. A man may always keep
+    his tenants in dependence enough, though they have leases. He must be a
+    good tenant indeed, who will not fall behind in his rent, if his
+    landlord will let him; and if he does fall behind, his landlord has him
+    at his mercy. Indeed, the poor man is always much at the mercy of the
+    rich; no matter whether landlord or tenant. If the tenant lets his
+    landlord have a little rent beforehand, or has lent him money, then the
+    landlord is in his power. There cannot be a greater man than a tenant
+    who has lent money to his landlord; for he has under subjection the very
+    man to whom he should be subjected.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_64"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    MONDAY, OCTOBER II.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    We had some days ago engaged the Campbelltown vessel to carry us to
+    Mull, from the harbour where she lay. The morning was fine, and the wind
+    fair and moderate; so we hoped at length to get away.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mrs. M'Sweyn, who officiated as our landlady here, had never been on the
+    main land. On hearing this, Dr. Johnson said to me, before her, 'That is
+    rather being behind-hand with life. I would at least go and see
+    Glenelg.' BOSWELL. 'You yourself, Sir, have never seen, till now, any
+    thing but your native island.' JOHNSON. 'But, Sir, by seeing London, I
+    have seen as much of life as the world can shew<a href="#note-824">[824]</a>.' BOSWELL. 'You
+    have not seen Pekin.' JOHNSON. 'What is Pekin? Ten thousand Londoners
+    would <i>drive</i> all the people of Pekin: they would drive them like deer.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We set out about eleven for the harbour; but, before we reached it, so
+    violent a storm came on, that we were obliged again to take shelter in
+    the house of Captain M'Lean, where we dined, and passed the night.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_65"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    TUESDAY, OCTOBER 12.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    After breakfast, we made a second attempt to get to the harbour; but
+    another storm soon convinced us that it would be in vain. Captain
+    M'Lean's house being in some confusion, on account of Mrs. M'Lean being
+    expected to lie-in, we resolved to go to Mr. M'Sweyn's, where we arrived
+    very wet, fatigued, and hungry. In this situation, we were somewhat
+    disconcerted by being told that we should have no dinner till late in
+    the evening, but should have tea in the mean time. Dr. Johnson opposed
+    this arrangement; but they persisted, and he took the tea very readily.
+    He said to me afterwards, 'You must consider, Sir, a dinner here is a
+    matter of great consequence. It is a thing to be first planned, and then
+    executed. I suppose the mutton was brought some miles off, from some
+    place where they knew there was a sheep killed.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Talking of the good people with whom we were, he said, 'Life has not got
+    at all forward by a generation in M'Sweyn's family; for the son is
+    exactly formed upon the father. What the father says, the son says; and
+    what the father looks, the son looks.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    There being little conversation to-night, I must endeavour to recollect
+    what I may have omitted on former occasions. When I boasted, at Rasay,
+    of my independency of spirit, and that I could not be bribed, he said,
+    'Yes, you may be bribed by flattery.' At the Reverend Mr. M'Lean's, Dr.
+    Johnson asked him, if the people of Col had any superstitions. He said,
+    'No.' The cutting peats at the increase of the moon was mentioned as
+    one; but he would not allow it, saying, it was not a superstition, but a
+    whim. Dr. Johnson would not admit the distinction. There were many
+    superstitions, he maintained, not connected with religion; and this was
+    one of them<a href="#note-825">[825]</a>. On Monday we had a dispute at the Captain's, whether
+    sand-hills could be fixed down by art. Dr. Johnson said, 'How <i>the
+    devil</i> can you do it?' but instantly corrected himself, 'How can you do
+    it<a href="#note-826">[826]</a>?' I never before heard him use a phrase of that nature.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He has particularities which it is impossible to explain<a href="#note-827">[827]</a>. He never
+    wears a night-cap, as I have already mentioned; but he puts a
+    handkerchief on his head in the night. The day that we left Talisker, he
+    bade us ride on. He then turned the head of his horse back towards
+    Talisker, stopped for some time; then wheeled round to the same
+    direction with ours, and then came briskly after us. He sets open a
+    window in the coldest day or night, and stands before it. It may do with
+    his constitution; but most people, amongst whom I am one, would say,
+    with the frogs in the fable, 'This may be sport to you; but it is death
+    to us.' It is in vain to try to find a meaning in every one of his
+    particularities, which, I suppose, are mere habits, contracted by
+    chance; of which every man has some that are more or less remarkable.
+    His speaking to himself, or rather repeating, is a common habit with
+    studious men accustomed to deep thinking; and, in consequence of their
+    being thus rapt, they will even laugh by themselves, if the subject
+    which they are musing on is a merry one. Dr. Johnson is often uttering
+    pious ejaculations, when he appears to be talking to himself; for
+    sometimes his voice grows stronger, and parts of the Lord's Prayer are
+    heard<a href="#note-828">[828]</a>. I have sat beside him with more than ordinary reverence on
+    such occasions<a href="#note-829">[829]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In our Tour, I observed that he was disgusted whenever he met with
+    coarse manners. He said to me, 'I know not how it is, but I cannot bear
+    low life<a href="#note-830">[830]</a>: and I find others, who have as good a right as I to be
+    fastidious, bear it better, by having mixed more with different sorts of
+    men. You would think that I have mixed pretty well too.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He read this day a good deal of my <i>Journal</i>, written in a small book
+    with which he had supplied me, and was pleased, for he said, 'I wish thy
+    books were twice as big.' He helped me to fill up blanks which I had
+    left in first writing it, when I was not quite sure of what he had said,
+    and he corrected any mistakes that I had made. 'They call me a scholar,
+    (said he,) and yet how very little literature is there in my
+    conversation.' BOSWELL. 'That, Sir, must be according to your company.
+    You would not give literature to those who cannot taste it. Stay till we
+    meet Lord Elibank.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We had at last a good dinner, or rather supper, and were very well
+    satisfied with our entertainment.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_66"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 13.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Col called me up, with intelligence that it was a good day for a passage
+    to Mull; and just as we rose, a sailor from the vessel arrived for us.
+    We got all ready with dispatch. Dr. Johnson was displeased at my
+    bustling, and walking quickly up and down. He said, 'It does not hasten
+    us a bit. It is getting on horseback in a ship<a href="#note-831">[831]</a>. All boys do it; and
+    you are longer a boy than others.' He himself has no alertness, or
+    whatever it may be called; so he may dislike it, as <i>Oderunt hilarem
+    tristes<a href="#note-832">[832]</a>.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    Before we reached the harbour, the wind grew high again. However, the
+    small boat was waiting and took us on board. We remained for some time
+    in uncertainty what to do: at last it was determined, that, as a good
+    part of the day was over, and it was dangerous to be at sea at night, in
+    such a vessel, and such weather, we should not sail till the morning
+    tide, when the wind would probably be more gentle. We resolved not to go
+    ashore again, but lie here in readiness. Dr. Johnson and I had each a
+    bed in the cabin. Col sat at the fire in the fore-castle, with the
+    captain, and Joseph, and the rest. I eat some dry oatmeal, of which I
+    found a barrel in the cabin. I had not done this since I was a boy. Dr.
+    Johnson owned that he too was fond of it when a boy<a href="#note-833">[833]</a>; a circumstance
+    which I was highly pleased to hear from him, as it gave me an
+    opportunity of observing that, notwithstanding his joke on the article
+    of OATS<a href="#note-834">[834]</a>, he was himself a proof that this kind of <i>food</i> was not
+    peculiar to the people of Scotland.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_67"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THURSDAY, OCTOBER 14.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    When Dr. Johnson awaked this morning, he called <i>'Lanky!'</i> having, I
+    suppose, been thinking of Langton; but corrected himself instantly, and
+    cried, <i>'Bozzy!'</i> He has a way of contracting the names of his friends.
+    Goldsmith feels himself so important now, as to be displeased at it. I
+    remember one day, when Tom Davies was telling that Dr. Johnson said, We
+    are all in labour for a name to <i>Goldy's</i> play,' Goldsmith cried 'I have
+    often desired him not to call me <i>Goldy<a href="#note-835">[835]</a>.'</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    Between six and seven we hauled our anchor, and set sail with a fair
+    breeze; and, after a pleasant voyage, we got safely and agreeably into
+    the harbour of Tobermorie, before the wind rose, which it always has
+    done, for some days, about noon.  Tobermorie is an excellent harbour.
+    An island lies before it, and it is surrounded by a hilly theatre<a href="#note-836">[836]</a>.
+    The island is too low, otherwise this would be quite a secure port; but,
+    the island not being a sufficient protection, some storms blow very hard
+    here. Not long ago, fifteen vessels were blown from their moorings.
+    There are sometimes sixty or seventy sail here: to-day there were twelve
+    or fourteen vessels. To see such a fleet was the next thing to seeing a
+    town. The vessels were from different places; Clyde, Campbelltown,
+    Newcastle, &amp;c. One was returning to Lancaster from Hamburgh. After
+    having been shut up so long in Col, the sight of such an assemblage of
+    moving habitations, containing such a variety of people, engaged in
+    different pursuits, gave me much gaiety of spirit. When we had landed,
+    Dr. Johnson said, 'Boswell is now all alive. He is like Antaeus; he gets
+    new vigour whenever he touches the ground.' I went to the top of a hill
+    fronting the harbour, from whence I had a good view of it. We had here a
+    tolerable inn. Dr. Johnson had owned to me this morning, that he was out
+    of humour. Indeed, he shewed it a good deal in the ship; for when I was
+    expressing my joy on the prospect of our landing in Mull, he said, he
+    had no joy, when he recollected that it would be five days before he
+    should get to the main land. I was afraid he would now take a sudden
+    resolution to give up seeing Icolmkill. A dish of tea, and some good
+    bread and butter, did him service, and his bad humour went off. I told
+    him, that I was diverted to hear all the people whom we had visited in
+    our tour, say, <i>'Honest man!</i> he's pleased with every thing; he's always
+    content!'&mdash;'Little do they know,' said I. He laughed, and said, 'You
+    rogue<a href="#note-837">[837]</a>!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We sent to hire horses to carry us across the island of Mull to the
+    shore opposite to Inchkenneth, the residence of Sir Allan M'Lean, uncle
+    to young Col, and Chief of the M'Leans, to whose house we intended to go
+    the next day. Our friend Col went to visit his aunt, the wife of Dr.
+    Alexander M'Lean, a physician, who lives about a mile from Tobermorie.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson and I sat by ourselves at the inn, and talked a good deal. I
+    told him, that I had found, in Leandro Alberti's Description of Italy,
+    much of what Addison has given us in his <i>Remarks</i><a href="#note-838">[838]</a>. He said, 'The
+    collection of passages from the Classicks has been made by another
+    Italian: it is, however, impossible to detect a man as a plagiary in
+    such a case, because all who set about making such a collection must
+    find the same passages; but, if you find the same applications in
+    another book, then Addison's learning in his <i>Remarks</i> tumbles down. It
+    is a tedious book; and, if it were not attached to Addison's previous
+    reputation, one would not think much of it. Had he written nothing else,
+    his name would not have lived. Addison does not seem to have gone deep
+    in Italian literature: he shews nothing of it in his subsequent
+    writings. He shews a great deal of French learning. There is, perhaps,
+    more knowledge circulated in the French language than in any other<a href="#note-839">[839]</a>.
+    There is more original knowledge in English.' 'But the French (said I)
+    have the art of accommodating<a href="#note-840">[840]</a> literature.' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir: we
+    have no such book as Moreri's <i>Dictionary</i><a href="#note-841">[841]</a>.' BOSWELL. 'Their
+    <i>Ana</i><a href="#note-842">[842]</a> are good.' JOHNSON. 'A few of them are good; but we have one
+    book of that kind better than any of them; Selden's <i>Table-talk</i>. As to
+    original literature, the French have a couple of tragick poets who go
+    round the world, Racine and Corneille, and one comick poet, Moliere.'
+    BOSWELL. 'They have Fenelon.' JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, <i>Telemachus</i> is pretty
+    well.' BOSWELL. 'And Voltaire, Sir.' JOHNSON. 'He has not stood his
+    trial yet. And what makes Voltaire chiefly circulate is collection; such
+    as his <i>Universal History</i>.' BOSWELL. 'What do you say to the Bishop of
+    Meaux?' JOHNSON. 'Sir, nobody reads him<a href="#note-843">[843]</a>.' He would not allow
+    Massilon and Bourdaloue to go round the world. In general, however, he
+    gave the French much praise for their industry.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He asked me whether he had mentioned, in any of the papers of the
+    <i>Rambler</i>, the description in Virgil of the entrance into Hell, with an
+    application to the press; 'for (said he) I do not much remember them.' I
+    told him, 'No.' Upon which he repeated it:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Vestibulum ante ipsum, primisque in faucibus orci,
+      Luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae;
+      Pallentesque habitant Morbi, tristisque Senectus,
+      Et metus, et malesuada Fames, et turpis Egestas,
+      Terribiles visu formae; Lethumque, Laborque<a href="#note-844">[844]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Now, (said he) almost all these apply exactly to an authour: all these
+    are the concomitants of a printing-house. I proposed to him to dictate
+    an essay on it, and offered to write it. He said, he would not do it
+    then, but perhaps would write one at some future period.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The Sunday evening that we sat by ourselves at Aberdeen, I asked him
+    several particulars of his life, from his early years, which he readily
+    told me; and I wrote them down before him. This day I proceeded in my
+    inquiries, also writing them in his presence. I have them on detached
+    sheets. I shall collect authentick materials for THE LIFE OF SAMUEL
+    JOHNSON, LL.D.; and, if I survive him, I shall be one who will most
+    faithfully do honour to his memory. I have now a vast treasure of his
+    conversation, at different times, since the year 1762<a href="#note-845">[845]</a>, when I first
+    obtained his acquaintance; and, by assiduous inquiry, I can make up for
+    not knowing him sooner<a href="#note-846">[846]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    A Newcastle ship-master, who happened to be in the house, intruded
+    himself upon us. He was much in liquor, and talked nonsense about his
+    being a man for <i>Wilkes and Liberty</i>, and against the ministry. Dr.
+    Johnson was angry, that 'a fellow should come into <i>our</i> company, who
+    was fit for <i>no</i> company.' He left us soon.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Col returned from his aunt, and told us, she insisted that we should
+    come to her house that night. He introduced to us Mr. Campbell, the Duke
+    of Argyle's factor in Tyr-yi. He was a genteel, agreeable man. He was
+    going to Inverary, and promised to put letters into the post-office for
+    us<a href="#note-847">[847]</a>. I now found that Dr. Johnson's desire to get on the main land,
+    arose from his anxiety to have an opportunity of conveying letters to
+    his friends.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After dinner, we proceeded to Dr. M'Lean's, which was about a mile from
+    our inn. He was not at home, but we were received by his lady and
+    daughter, who entertained us so well, that Dr. Johnson seemed quite
+    happy. When we had supped, he asked me to give him some paper to write
+    letters. I begged he would write short ones, and not <i>expatiate</i>, as we
+    ought to set off early. He was irritated by this, and said, 'What must
+    be done; must be done: the thing is past a joke.' 'Nay, Sir, (said I,)
+    write as much as you please; but do not blame me, if we are kept six
+    days before we get to the main land. You were very impatient in the
+    morning: but no sooner do you find yourself in good quarters, than you
+    forget that you are to move.' I got him paper enough, and we parted in
+    good humour.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Let me now recollect whatever particulars I have omitted. In the morning
+    I said to him, before we landed at Tobermorie, 'We shall see Dr. M'Lean,
+    who has written <i>The History of the M'Leans'</i>. JOHNSON. 'I have no great
+    patience to stay to hear the history of the M'Leans. I would rather hear
+    the History of the Thrales.' When on Mull, I said, 'Well, Sir, this is
+    the fourth of the Hebrides that we have been upon.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, we
+    cannot boast of the number we have seen. We thought we should see many
+    more. We thought of sailing about easily from island to island; and so
+    we should, had we come at a better season<a href="#note-848">[848]</a>; but we, being wise men,
+    thought it would be summer all the year where <i>we</i> were. However, Sir,
+    we have seen enough to give us a pretty good notion of the system of
+    insular life.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Let me not forget, that he sometimes amused himself with very slight
+    reading; from which, however, his conversation shewed that he contrived
+    to extract some benefit. At Captain M'Lean's he read a good deal in <i>The
+    Charmer</i>, a collection of songs<a href="#note-849">[849]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We this morning found that we could not proceed, there being a violent
+    storm of wind and rain, and the rivers being impassable. When I
+    expressed my discontent at our confinement, Dr. Johnson said, 'Now that
+    I have had an opportunity of writing to the main land, I am in no such
+    haste.' I was amused with his being so easily satisfied; for the truth
+    was, that the gentleman who was to convey our letters, as I was now
+    informed, was not to set out for Inverary for some time; so that it was
+    probable we should be there as soon as he: however, I did not undeceive
+    my friend, but suffered him to enjoy his fancy.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson asked, in the evening, to see Dr. M'Lean's books. He took
+    down Willis <i>de Anima Brutorum</i><a href="#note-850">[850]</a>, and pored over it a good deal.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Miss M'Lean produced some Erse poems by John M'Lean, who was a famous
+    bard in Mull, and had died only a few years ago. He could neither read
+    nor write. She read and translated two of them; one, a kind of elegy on
+    Sir John M'Lean's being obliged to fly his country in 1715; another, a
+    dialogue between two Roman Catholick young ladies, sisters, whether it
+    was better to be a nun or to marry. I could not perceive much poetical
+    imagery in the translation. Yet all of our company who understood Erse,
+    seemed charmed with the original. There may, perhaps, be some choice of
+    expression, and some excellence of arrangement, that cannot be shewn in
+    translation.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After we had exhausted the Erse poems, of which Dr. Johnson said
+    nothing, Miss M'Lean gave us several tunes on a spinnet, which, though
+    made so long ago as in 1667, was still very well toned. She sung along
+    with it. Dr. Johnson seemed pleased with the musick, though he owns he
+    neither likes it, nor has hardly any perception of it. At Mr.
+    M'Pherson's, in Slate, he told us, that 'he knew a drum from a trumpet,
+    and a bagpipe from a guittar, which was about the extent of his
+    knowledge of musick.' To-night he said, that, 'if he had learnt musick,
+    he should have been afraid he would have done nothing else but play. It
+    was a method of employing the mind without the labour of thinking at
+    all, and with some applause from a man's self<a href="#note-851">[851]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We had the musick of the bagpipe every day, at Armidale, Dunvegan, and
+    Col. Dr. Johnson appeared fond of it, and used often to stand for some
+    time with his ear close to the great drone.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The penurious gentleman of our acquaintance, formerly alluded to<a href="#note-852">[852]</a>,
+    afforded us a topick of conversation to-night. Dr. Johnson said, I ought
+    to write down a collection of the instances of his narrowness, as they
+    almost exceeded belief. Col told us, that O'Kane, the famous Irish
+    harper, was once at that gentleman's house. He could not find in his
+    heart to give him any money, but gave him a key for a harp, which was
+    finely ornamented with gold and silver, and with a precious stone, and
+    was worth eighty or a hundred guineas. He did not know the value of it;
+    and when he came to know it, he would fain have had it back; but O'Kane
+    took care that he should not. JOHNSON. 'They exaggerate the value; every
+    body is so desirous that he should be fleeced. I am very willing it
+    should be worth eighty or a hundred guineas; but I do not believe it.'
+    BOSWELL. 'I do not think O'Kane was obliged to give it back.' JOHNSON.
+    'No, Sir. If a man with his eyes open, and without any means used to
+    deceive him, gives me a thing, I am not to let him have it again when he
+    grows wiser. I like to see how avarice defeats itself: how, when
+    avoiding to part with money, the miser gives something more valuable.'
+    Col said, the gentleman's relations were angry at his giving away the
+    harp-key, for it had been long in the family. JOHNSON. 'Sir, he values a
+    new guinea more than an old friend.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Col also told us, that the same person having come up with a serjeant
+    and twenty men, working on the high road, he entered into discourse with
+    the serjeant, and then gave him sixpence for the men to drink. The
+    serjeant asked, 'Who is this fellow?'. Upon being informed, he said, 'If
+    I had known who he was, I should have thrown it in his face.' JOHNSON.
+    'There is much want of sense in all this. He had no business to speak
+    with the serjeant. He might have been in haste, and trotted on. He has
+    not learnt to be a miser: I believe we must take him apprentice.'
+    BOSWELL. 'He would grudge giving half a guinea to be taught.' JOHNSON.
+    'Nay, Sir, you must teach him <i>gratis</i>. You must give him an opportunity
+    to practice your precepts.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Let me now go back, and glean <i>Johnsoniana</i>. The Saturday before we
+    sailed from Slate, I sat awhile in the afternoon, with Dr. Johnson in
+    his room, in a quiet serious frame. I observed, that hardly any man was
+    accurately prepared for dying; but almost every one left something
+    undone, something in confusion; that my father, indeed, told me he knew
+    one man, (Carlisle of Limekilns,) after whose death all his papers were
+    found in exact order; and nothing was omitted in his will. JOHNSON.
+    'Sir, I had an uncle who died so; but such attention requires great
+    leisure, and great firmness of mind. If one was to think constantly of
+    death, the business of life would stand still. I am no friend to making
+    religion appear too hard. Many good people have done harm by giving
+    severe notions of it. In the same way, as to learning: I never frighten
+    young people with difficulties; on the contrary, I tell them that they
+    may very easily get as much as will do very well. I do not indeed tell
+    them that they will be <i>Bentleys</i>!
+</p>
+<p>
+    The night we rode to Col's house, I said, 'Lord Elibank is probably
+    wondering what is become of us.' JOHNSON. 'No, no; he is not thinking of
+    us.' BOSWELL. 'But recollect the warmth with which he wrote<a href="#note-853">[853]</a>. Are we
+    not to believe a man, when he says he has a great desire to see another?
+    Don't you believe that I was very impatient for your coming to
+    Scotland?' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; I believe you were; and I was impatient
+    to come to you. A young man feels so, but seldom an old man.' I however
+    convinced him that Lord Elibank, who has much of the spirit of a young
+    man, might feel so. He asked me if our jaunt had answered expectation. I
+    said it had much exceeded it. I expected much difficulty with him, and
+    had not found it. 'And (he added) wherever we have come, we have been
+    received like princes in their progress.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He said, he would not wish not to be disgusted in the Highlands; for
+    that would be to lose the power of distinguishing, and a man might then
+    lie down in the middle of them. He wished only to conceal his disgust.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At Captain M'Lean's, I mentioned Pope's friend, Spence. JOHNSON. 'He was
+    a weak conceited man<a href="#note-854">[854]</a>.' BOSWELL. 'A good scholar, Sir?' JOHNSON.
+    'Why, no, Sir.' BOSWELL. 'He was a pretty scholar.' JOHNSON. 'You have
+    about reached him.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Last night at the inn, when the factor in Tyr-yi spoke of his having
+    heard that a roof was put on some part of the buildings at Icolmkill, I
+    unluckily said, 'It will be fortunate if we find a cathedral with a roof
+    on it.' I said this from a foolish anxiety to engage Dr. Johnson's
+    curiosity more. He took me short at once. 'What, Sir? how can you talk
+    so? If we shall <i>find</i> a cathedral roofed! as if we were going to a
+    <i>terra incognita</i>; when every thing that is at Icolmkill is so well
+    known. You are like some New-England-men who came to the mouth of the
+    Thames. "Come, (say they,) let us go up and see what sort of inhabitants
+    there are here." They talked, Sir, as if they had been to go up the
+    Susquehannah, or any other American river.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_68"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SATURDAY, OCTOBER 16.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    This day there was a new moon, and the weather changed for the better.
+    Dr. Johnson said of Miss M'Lean, 'She is the most accomplished lady that
+    I have found in the Highlands. She knows French, musick, and drawing,
+    sews neatly, makes shellwork, and can milk cows; in short, she can do
+    every thing. She talks sensibly, and is the first person whom I have
+    found, that can translate Erse poetry literally<a href="#note-855">[855]</a>.' We set out,
+    mounted on little Mull horses. Mull corresponded exactly with the idea
+    which I had always had of it; a hilly country, diversified with heath
+    and grass, and many rivulets. Dr. Johnson was not in very good humour.
+    He said, it was a dreary country, much worse than Sky. I differed from
+    him. 'O, Sir, (said he,) a most dolorous country<a href="#note-856">[856]</a>!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We had a very hard journey to-day. I had no bridle for my sheltie, but
+    only a halter; and Joseph rode without a saddle. At one place, a loch
+    having swelled over the road, we were obliged to plunge through pretty
+    deep water. Dr. Johnson observed, how helpless a man would be, were he
+    travelling here alone, and should meet with any accident; and said, 'he
+    longed to get to <i>a country of saddles and bridles</i>' He was more out of
+    humour to-day, than he has been in the course of our Tour, being fretted
+    to find that his little horse could scarcely support his weight; and
+    having suffered a loss, which, though small in itself, was of some
+    consequence to him, while travelling the rugged steeps of Mull, where he
+    was at times obliged to walk. The loss that I allude to was that of the
+    large oak-stick, which, as I formerly mentioned, he had brought with him
+    from London<a href="#note-857">[857]</a>. It was of great use to him in our wild peregrination;
+    for, ever since his last illness in 1766<a href="#note-858">[858]</a>, he has had a weakness in
+    his knees, and has not been able to walk easily. It had too the
+    properties of a measure; for one nail was driven into it at the length
+    of a foot; another at that of a yard. In return for the services it had
+    done him, he said, this morning he would make a present of it to some
+    Museum; but he little thought he was so soon to lose it. As he
+    preferred riding with a switch, it was entrusted to a fellow to be
+    delivered to our baggage-man, who followed us at some distance; but we
+    never saw it more. I could not persuade him out of a suspicion that it
+    had been stolen. 'No, no, my friend, (said he,) it is not to be expected
+    that any man in Mull, who has got it, will part with it. Consider, Sir,
+    the value of such a <i>piece of timber</i> here!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    As we travelled this forenoon, we met Dr. McLean, who expressed much
+    regret at his having been so unfortunate as to be absent while we were
+    at his house.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We were in hopes to get to Sir Allan Maclean's at Inchkenneth, to-night;
+    but the eight miles, of which our road was said to consist, were so very
+    long, that we did not reach the opposite coast of Mull till seven at
+    night, though we had set out about eleven in the forenoon; and when we
+    did arrive there, we found the wind strong against us. Col determined
+    that we should pass the night at M'Quarrie's, in the island of Ulva,
+    which lies between Mull and Inchkenneth; and a servant was sent forward
+    to the ferry, to secure the boat for us; but the boat was gone to the
+    Ulva side, and the wind was so high that the people could not hear him
+    call; and the night so dark that they could not see a signal. We should
+    have been in a very bad situation, had there not fortunately been lying
+    in the little sound of Ulva an Irish vessel, the Bonnetta, of
+    Londonderry, Captain M'Lure, master. He himself was at M'Quarrie's; but
+    his men obligingly came with their long-boat, and ferried us over.
+    M'Quarrie's house was mean; but we were agreeably surprized with the
+    appearance of the master, whom we found to be intelligent, polite, and
+    much a man of the world. Though his clan is not numerous, he is a very
+    ancient Chief, and has a burial place at Icolmkill. He told us, his
+    family had possessed Ulva for nine hundred years; but I was distressed
+    to hear that it was soon to be sold for payment of his debts.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Captain M'Lure, whom we found here, was of Scotch extraction, and
+    properly a McLeod, being descended of some of the M'Leods who went with
+    Sir Normand of Bernera to the battle of Worcester; and after the defeat
+    of the royalists, fled to Ireland, and, to conceal themselves, took a
+    different name. He told me, there was a great number of them about
+    Londonderry; some of good property. I said, they should now resume
+    their real name. The Laird of M'Leod should go over, and assemble them,
+    and make them all drink the large horn full<a href="#note-859">[859]</a>, and from that time
+    they should be M'Leods. The captain informed us, he had named his ship
+    the Bonnetta, out of gratitude to Providence; for once, when he was
+    sailing to America with a good number of passengers, the ship in which
+    he then sailed was becalmed for five weeks, and during all that time,
+    numbers of the fish Bonnetta swam close to her, and were caught for
+    food; he resolved therefore, that the ship he should next get, should be
+    called the Bonnetta.
+</p>
+<p>
+    M'Quarrie told us a strong instance of the second sight. He had gone to
+    Edinburgh, and taken a man-servant along with him. An old woman, who was
+    in the house, said one day, 'M'Quarrie will be at home to-morrow, and
+    will bring two gentlemen with him;' and she said, she saw his servant
+    return in red and green. He did come home next day. He had two gentlemen
+    with him; and his servant had a new red and green livery, which
+    M'Quarrie had bought for him at Edinburgh, upon a sudden thought, not
+    having the least intention when he left home to put his servant in
+    livery; so that the old woman could not have heard any previous mention
+    of it. This, he assured us, was a true story.
+</p>
+<p>
+    M'Quarrie insisted that the <i>Mercheta Mulierum</i>, mentioned in our old
+    charters, did really mean the privilege which a lord of the manor, or a
+    baron, had, to have the first night of all his vassals' wives. Dr.
+    Johnson said, the belief of such a custom having existed was also held
+    in England, where there is a tenure called <i>Borough English</i>, by which
+    the eldest child does not inherit, from a doubt of his being the son of
+    the tenant<a href="#note-860">[860]</a>. M'Quarrie told us, that still, on the marriage of each
+    of his tenants, a sheep is due to him; for which the composition is
+    fixed at five shillings<a href="#note-861">[861]</a>. I suppose, Ulva is the only place where
+    this custom remains.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Talking of the sale of an estate of an ancient family, which was said to
+    have been purchased much under its value by the confidential lawyer of
+    that family, and it being mentioned that the sale would probably be set
+    aside by a suit in equity, Dr. Johnson said, 'I am very willing that
+    this sale should be set aside, but I doubt much whether the suit will be
+    successful; for the argument for avoiding the sale is founded on vague
+    and indeterminate principles, as that the price was too low, and that
+    there was a great degree of confidence placed by the seller in the
+    person who became the purchaser. Now, how low should a price be? or what
+    degree of confidence should there be to make a bargain be set aside? a
+    bargain, which is a wager of skill between man and man. If, indeed, any
+    fraud can be proved, that will do.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    When Dr. Johnson and I were by ourselves at night, I observed of our
+    host, '<i>aspectum generosum habet;'&mdash;'et generosum animum</i>', he added.
+    For fear of being overheard in the small Highland houses, I often talked
+    to him in such Latin as I could speak, and with as much of the English
+    accent as I could assume, so as not to be understood, in case our
+    conversation should be too loud for the space.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We had each an elegant bed in the same room; and here it was that a
+    circumstance occurred, as to which he has been strangely misunderstood.
+    From his description of his chamber, it has erroneously been supposed,
+    that his bed being too short for him, his feet during the night were in
+    the mire; whereas he has only said, that when he undressed, he felt his
+    feet in the mire: that is, the clay-floor of the room, on which he stood
+    upon before he went into bed, was wet, in consequence of the windows
+    being broken, which let in the rain<a href="#note-862">[862]</a>.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_69"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SUNDAY, OCTOBER 17.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Being informed that there was nothing worthy of observation in Ulva, we
+    took boat, and proceeded to Inchkenneth, where we were introduced by our
+    friend Col to Sir Allan M'Lean, the Chief of his clan, and to two young
+    ladies, his daughters. Inchkenneth is a pretty little island, a mile
+    long, and about half a mile broad, all good land<a href="#note-863">[863]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    As we walked up from the shore, Dr. Johnson's heart was cheered by the
+    sight of a road marked with cart-wheels, as on the main land; a thing
+    which we had not seen for a long time. It gave us a pleasure similar to
+    that which a traveller feels, when, whilst wandering on what he fears is
+    a desert island, he perceives the print of human feet.  Military men
+    acquire excellent habits of having all conveniences about them. Sir
+    Allan M'Lean, who had been long in the army, and had now a lease of the
+    island, had formed a commodious habitation, though it consisted but of a
+    few small buildings, only one story high<a href="#note-864">[864]</a>. He had, in his little
+    apartments, more things than I could enumerate in a page or two.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Among other agreeable circumstances, it was not the least, to find here
+    a parcel of the <i>Caledonian Mercury</i>, published since we left Edinburgh;
+    which I read with that pleasure which every man feels who has been for
+    some time secluded from the animated scenes of the busy world.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson found books here. He bade me buy Bishop Gastrell's
+    <i>Christian Institutes</i><a href="#note-865">[865]</a>, which was lying in the room. He said, 'I do
+    not like to read any thing on a Sunday, but what is theological; not
+    that I would scrupulously refuse to look at any thing which a friend
+    should shew me in a newspaper; but in general, I would read only what is
+    theological. I read just now some of Drummond's <i>Travels</i><a href="#note-866">[866]</a>, before I
+    perceived what books were here. I then took up Derham's
+    <i>Physico-Theology</i><a href="#note-867">[867]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Every particular concerning this island having been so well described by
+    Dr. Johnson, it would be superfluous in me to present the publick with
+    the observations that I made upon it, in my <i>Journal</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I was quite easy with Sir Allan almost instantaneously. He knew the
+    great intimacy that had been between my father and his predecessor, Sir
+    Hector, and was himself of a very frank disposition. After dinner, Sir
+    Allan said he had got Dr. Campbell about an hundred subscribers to his
+    <i>Britannia Elucidata</i>, (a work since published under the title of <i>A
+    Political Survey of Great Britain</i><a href="#note-868">[868]</a>,) of whom he believed twenty
+    were dead, the publication having been so long delayed. JOHNSON. 'Sir, I
+    imagine the delay of publication is owing to this;&mdash;that, after
+    publication, there will be no more subscribers, and few will send the
+    additional guinea to get their books: in which they will be wrong; for
+    there will be a great deal of instruction in the work. I think highly of
+    Campbell<a href="#note-869">[869]</a>. In the first place, he has very good parts. In the second
+    place, he has very extensive reading; not, perhaps, what is properly
+    called learning, but history, politicks, and, in short, that popular
+    knowledge which makes a man very useful. In the third place, he has
+    learned much by what is called the <i>vox viva</i>. He talks with a great
+    many people.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Speaking of this gentleman, at Rasay, he told us, that he one day called
+    on him, and they talked of Tull's <i>Husbandry</i><a href="#note-870">[870]</a>. Dr. Campbell said
+    something. Dr. Johnson began to dispute it. 'Come, (said Dr. Campbell,)
+    we do not want to get the better of one another: we want to encrease
+    each other's ideas.' Dr. Johnson took it in good part, and the
+    conversation then went on coolly and instructively. His candour in
+    relating this anecdote does him much credit, and his conduct on that
+    occasion proves how easily he could be persuaded to talk from a better
+    motive than 'for victory<a href="#note-871">[871]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson here shewed so much of the spirit of a Highlander, that he
+    won Sir Allan's heart: indeed, he has shewn it during the whole of our
+    Tour. One night, in Col, he strutted about the room with a broad sword
+    and target, and made a formidable appearance; and, another night, I took
+    the liberty to put a large blue bonnet on his head. His age, his size,
+    and his bushy grey wig, with this covering on it, presented the image
+    of a venerable <i>Senachi</i><a href="#note-872">[872]</a>: and, however unfavourable to the Lowland
+    Scots, he seemed much pleased to assume the appearance of an ancient
+    Caledonian. We only regretted that he could not be prevailed with to
+    partake of the social glass. One of his arguments against drinking,
+    appears to me not convincing. He urged, that 'in proportion as drinking
+    makes a man different from what he is before he has drunk, it is bad;
+    because it has so far affected his reason.' But may it not be answered,
+    that a man may be altered by it <i>for the better</i>; that his spirits may
+    be exhilarated, without his reason being affected<a href="#note-873">[873]</a>. On the general
+    subject of drinking, however, I do not mean positively to take the other
+    side. I am <i>dubius, non improbus</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the evening, Sir Allan informed us that it was the custom of his
+    house to have prayers every Sunday; and Miss M'Lean read the evening
+    service, in which we all joined. I then read Ogden's second and ninth
+    <i>Sermons on Prayer</i>, which, with their other distinguished excellence,
+    have the merit of being short. Dr. Johnson said, that it was the most
+    agreeable Sunday he had ever passed<a href="#note-874">[874]</a>; and it made such an impression
+    on his mind, that he afterwards wrote the following Latin verses upon
+    Inchkenneth<a href="#note-875">[875]</a>:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     INSULA SANCTI KENNETHI.
+
+     Parva quidem regio, sed relligione priorum
+       Nota, Caledonias panditur inter aquas;
+     Voce ubi Cennethus populos domuisse feroces
+       Dicitur, et vanos dedocuisse deos.
+     Hue ego delatus placido per coerula cursu
+       Scire locum volui quid daret ille novi.
+     Illic Leniades humili regnabat in aula,
+       Leniades magnis nobilitatus avis:
+     Una duas habuit casa cum genitore puellas,
+       Quas Amor undarum fingeret esse deas:
+     Non tamen inculti gelidis latuere sub antris,
+       Accola Danubii qualia saevus habet;
+     Mollia non decrant vacuae solatia vitae,
+       Sive libros poscant otia, sive lyram.
+     Luxerat ilia dies, legis gens docta supernae
+       Spes hominum ac curas cum procul esse jubet,
+     Ponti inter strepitus sacri non munera cultus
+       Cessarunt; pietas hic quoque cura fuit:
+     Quid quod sacrifici versavit femina libros,
+       Legitimas faciunt pectora pura preces<a href="#note-876">[876]</a>.
+     Quo vagor ulterius? quod ubique requiritur hic est;
+       Hic secura quies, hic et honestus amor<a href="#note-877">[877]</a>.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<a name="2H_4_70"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    MONDAY, OCTOBER 18.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    We agreed to pass this day with Sir Allan, and he engaged to have every
+    thing in order for our voyage to-morrow.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Being now soon to be separated from our amiable friend young Col, his
+    merits were all remembered. At Ulva he had appeared in a new character,
+    having given us a good prescription for a cold. On my mentioning him
+    with warmth, Dr. Johnson said, 'Col does every thing for us: we will
+    erect a statue to Col.' 'Yes, said I, and we will have him with his
+    various attributes and characters, like Mercury, or any other of the
+    heathen gods. We will have him as a pilot; we will have him as a
+    fisherman, as a hunter, as a husbandman, as a physician.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I this morning took a spade, and dug a little grave in the floor of a
+    ruined chapel<a href="#note-878">[878]</a>, near Sir Allan M'Lean's house, in which I buried
+    some human bones I found there. Dr. Johnson praised me for what I had
+    done, though he owned, he could not have done it. He shewed in the
+    chapel at Rasay<a href="#note-879">[879]</a> his horrour at dead men's bones. He shewed it again
+    at Col's house. In the Charter-room there was a remarkable large
+    shin-bone, which was said to have been a bone of <i>John Garve</i><a href="#note-880">[880]</a>, one
+    of the lairds. Dr. Johnson would not look at it; but started away.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At breakfast, I asked, 'What is the reason that we are angry at a
+    trader's having opulence<a href="#note-881">[881]</a>?' JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, the reason is,
+    (though I don't undertake to prove that there is a reason,) we see no
+    qualities in trade that should entitle a man to superiority. We are not
+    angry at a soldier's getting riches, because we see that he possesses
+    qualities which we have not. If a man returns from a battle, having lost
+    one hand, and with the other full of gold, we feel that he deserves the
+    gold; but we cannot think that a fellow, by sitting all day at a desk,
+    is entitled to get above us.' BOSWELL. 'But, Sir, may we not suppose a
+    merchant to be a man of an enlarged mind, such as Addison in the
+    <i>Spectator</i> describes Sir Andrew Freeport to have been?' JOHNSON. 'Why,
+    Sir, we may suppose any fictitious character. We may suppose a
+    philosophical day-labourer, who is happy in reflecting that, by his
+    labour, he contributes to the fertility of the earth, and to the support
+    of his fellow-creatures; but we find no such philosophical day-labourer.
+    A merchant may, perhaps, be a man of an enlarged mind; but there is
+    nothing in trade connected with an enlarged mind<a href="#note-882">[882]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I mentioned that I had heard Dr. Solander say he was a Swedish
+    Laplander<a href="#note-883">[883]</a>. JOHNSON. 'Sir, I don't believe he is a Laplander. The
+    Laplanders are not much above four feet high. He is as tall as you; and
+    he has not the copper colour of a Laplander.' BOSWELL. 'But what motive
+    could he have to make himself a Laplander?' JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, he must
+    either mean the word Laplander in a very extensive sense, or may mean a
+    voluntary degradation of himself. "For all my being the great man that
+    you see me now, I was originally a Barbarian;" as if Burke should say,
+    "I came over a wild Irishman." Which he might say in his present state
+    of exaltation.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Having expressed a desire to have an island like Inchkenneth, Dr.
+    Johnson set himself to think what would be necessary for a man in such a
+    situation. 'Sir, I should build me a fortification, if I came to live
+    here; for, if you have it not, what should hinder a parcel of ruffians
+    to land in the night, and carry off every thing you have in the house,
+    which, in a remote country, would be more valuable than cows and sheep?
+    add to all this the danger of having your throat cut.' BOSWELL. 'I would
+    have a large dog.' JOHNSON. 'So you may, Sir; but a large dog is of no
+    use but to alarm.' He, however, I apprehend, thinks too lightly of the
+    power of that animal. I have heard him say, that he is afraid of no dog.
+    'He would take him up by the hinder legs, which would render him quite
+    helpless,&mdash;and then knock his head against a stone, and beat out his
+    brains.' Topham Beauclerk told me, that at his house in the country, two
+    large ferocious dogs were fighting. Dr. Johnson looked steadily at them
+    for a little while; and then, as one would separate two little boys, who
+    were foolishly hurting each other, he ran up to them, and cuffed their
+    heads till he drove them asunder<a href="#note-884">[884]</a>. But few men have his intrepidity,
+    Herculean strength, or presence of mind. Most thieves or robbers would
+    be afraid to encounter a mastiff.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I observed, that, when young Col talked of the lands belonging to his
+    family, he always said, '<i>my</i> lands<a href="#note-885">[885]</a>.' For this he had a plausible
+    pretence; for he told me, there has been a custom in this family, that
+    the laird resigns the estate to the eldest son when he comes of age,
+    reserving to himself only a certain life-rent. He said, it was a
+    voluntary custom; but I think I found an instance in the charter-room,
+    that there was such an obligation in a contract of marriage. If the
+    custom was voluntary, it was only curious; but if founded on obligation,
+    it might be dangerous; for I have been told, that in Otaheité, whenever
+    a child is born, (a son, I think,) the father loses his right to the
+    estate and honours, and that this unnatural, or rather absurd custom,
+    occasions the murder of many children.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Young Col told us he could run down a greyhound; 'for, (said he,) the
+    dog runs himself out of breath, by going too quick, and then I get up
+    with him<a href="#note-886">[886]</a>.' I accounted for his advantage over the dog, by remarking
+    that Col had the faculty of reason, and knew how to moderate his pace,
+    which the dog had not sense enough to do. Dr. Johnson said, 'He is a
+    noble animal. He is as complete an islander as the mind can figure. He
+    is a farmer, a sailor, a hunter, a fisher: he will run you down a dog:
+    if any man has a <i>tail</i><a href="#note-887">[887]</a>, it is Col. He is hospitable; and he has an
+    intrepidity of talk, whether he understands the subject or not. I regret
+    that he is not more intellectual.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson observed, that there was nothing of which he would not
+    undertake to persuade a Frenchman in a foreign country. 'I'll carry a
+    Frenchman to St. Paul's Church-yard, and I'll tell him, "by our law you
+    may walk half round the church; but, if you walk round the whole, you
+    will be punished capitally," and he will believe me at once. Now, no
+    Englishman would readily swallow such a thing: he would go and inquire
+    of somebody else<a href="#note-888">[888]</a>.' The Frenchman's credulity, I observed, must be
+    owing to his being accustomed to implicit submission; whereas every
+    Englishman reasons upon the laws of his country, and instructs his
+    representatives, who compose the legislature.  This day was passed in
+    looking at a small island adjoining Inchkenneth, which afforded nothing
+    worthy of observation; and in such social and gay entertainments as our
+    little society could furnish.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_71"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    TUESDAY, OCTOBER 19.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    After breakfast we took leave of the young ladies, and of our excellent
+    companion Col, to whom we had been so much obliged. He had now put us
+    under the care of his Chief; and was to hasten back to Sky. We parted
+    from him with very strong feelings of kindness and gratitude; and we
+    hoped to have had some future opportunity of proving to him the
+    sincerity of what we felt; but in the following year he was
+    unfortunately lost in the Sound between Ulva and Mull<a href="#note-889">[889]</a>; and this
+    imperfect memorial, joined to the high honour of being tenderly and
+    respectfully mentioned by Dr. Johnson, is the only return which the
+    uncertainty of human events has permitted us to make to this deserving
+    young man.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Sir Allan, who obligingly undertook to accompany us to Icolmkill<a href="#note-890">[890]</a>,
+    had a strong good boat, with four stout rowers. We coasted along Mull
+    till we reached <i>Gribon</i>, where is what is called Mackinnon's cave,
+    compared with which that at Ulinish<a href="#note-891">[891]</a> is inconsiderable. It is in a
+    rock of a great height, close to the sea. Upon the left of its entrance
+    there is a cascade, almost perpendicular from the top to the bottom of
+    the rock. There is a tradition that it was conducted thither
+    artificially, to supply the inhabitants of the cave with water. Dr.
+    Johnson gave no credit to this tradition. As, on the one hand, his faith
+    in the Christian religion is firmly founded upon good grounds; so, on
+    the other, he is incredulous when there is no sufficient reason for
+    belief<a href="#note-892">[892]</a>; being in this respect just the reverse of modern infidels,
+    who, however nice and scrupulous in weighing the evidences of religion,
+    are yet often so ready to believe the most absurd and improbable tales
+    of another nature, that Lord Hailes well observed, a good essay might be
+    written <i>Sur la crédulité des Incrédules</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The height of this cave I cannot tell with any tolerable exactness; but
+    it seemed to be very lofty, and to be a pretty regular arch. We
+    penetrated, by candlelight, a great way; by our measurement, no less
+    than four hundred and eighty-five feet. Tradition says, that a piper and
+    twelve men once advanced into this cave, nobody can tell how far; and
+    never returned. At the distance to which we proceeded the air was quite
+    pure; for the candle burned freely, without the least appearance of the
+    flame growing globular; but as we had only one, we thought it dangerous
+    to venture farther, lest, should it have been extinguished, we should
+    have had no means of ascertaining whether we could remain without
+    danger. Dr. Johnson said, this was the greatest natural curiosity he had
+    ever seen.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We saw the island of Staffa, at no very great distance, but could not
+    land upon it, the surge was so high on its rocky coast<a href="#note-893">[893]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Sir Allan, anxious for the honour of Mull, was still talking of its
+    <i>woods</i>, and pointing them out to Dr. Johnson, as appearing at a
+    distance on the skirts of that island, as we sailed along. JOHNSON.
+    'Sir, I saw at Tobermorie what they called a wood, which I unluckily
+    took for <i>heath</i>. If you shew me what I shall take for <i>furze</i>, it will
+    be something.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the afternoon we went ashore on the coast of Mull, and partook of a
+    cold repast, which we carried with us. We hoped to have procured some
+    rum or brandy for our boatmen and servants, from a publick-house near
+    where we landed; but unfortunately a funeral a few days before had
+    exhausted all their store<a href="#note-894">[894]</a>. Mr. Campbell, however, one of the Duke
+    of Argyle's tacksmen, who lived in the neighbourhood, on receiving a
+    message from Sir Allan, sent us a liberal supply.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We continued to coast along Mull, and passed by Nuns' Island, which, it
+    is said, belonged to the nuns of Icolmkill, and from which, we were
+    told, the stone for the buildings there was taken. As we sailed along by
+    moon-light, in a sea somewhat rough, and often between black and gloomy
+    rocks, Dr. Johnson said, 'If this be not <i>roving among the Hebrides</i>,
+    nothing is<a href="#note-895">[895]</a>. The repetition of words which he had so often
+    previously used, made a strong impression on my imagination; and, by a
+    natural course of thinking, led me to consider how our present
+    adventures would appear to me at a future period.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I have often experienced, that scenes through which a man has passed,
+    improve by lying in the memory: they grow mellow. <i>Acti labores sunt
+    jucundi</i><a href="#note-896">[896]</a>. This may be owing to comparing them with present listless
+    ease. Even harsh scenes acquire a softness by length of time<a href="#note-897">[897]</a>; and
+    some are like very loud sounds, which do not please, or at least do not
+    please so much, till you are removed to a certain distance. They may be
+    compared to strong coarse pictures, which will not bear to be viewed
+    near. Even pleasing scenes improve by time, and seem more exquisite in
+    recollection, than when they were present; if they have not faded to
+    dimness in the memory. Perhaps, there is so much evil in every human
+    enjoyment, when present,&mdash;so much dross mixed with it, that it requires
+    to be refined by time; and yet I do not see why time should not melt
+    away the good and the evil in equal proportions;&mdash;why the shade should
+    decay, and the light remain in preservation.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After a tedious sail, which, by our following various turnings of the
+    coast of Mull, was extended to about forty miles, it gave us no small
+    pleasure to perceive a light in the village at Icolmkill, in which
+    almost all the inhabitants of the island live, close to where the
+    ancient building stood. As we approached the shore, the tower of the
+    cathedral, just discernible in the air, was a picturesque object.
+</p>
+<p>
+    When we had landed upon the sacred place, which, as long as I can
+    remember, I had thought on with veneration, Dr. Johnson and I cordially
+    embraced. We had long talked of visiting Icolmkill; and, from the
+    lateness of the season, were at times very doubtful whether we should be
+    able to effect our purpose. To have seen it, even alone, would have
+    given me great satisfaction; but the venerable scene was rendered much
+    more pleasing by the company of my great and pious friend, who was no
+    less affected by it than I was; and who has described the impressions it
+    should make on the mind, with such strength of thought, and energy of
+    language, that I shall quote his words, as conveying my own sensations
+    much more forcibly than I am capable of doing:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'We were now treading that illustrious Island, which was once the
+    luminary of the Caledonian regions, whence savage clans and roving
+    barbarians derived the benefits of knowledge, and the blessings of
+    religion. To abstract the mind from all local emotion would be
+    impossible, if it were endeavoured, and would be foolish if it were
+    possible. Whatever withdraws us from the power of our senses, whatever
+    makes the past, the distant, or the future, predominate over the
+    present, advances us in the dignity of thinking beings. Far from me, and
+    from my friends, be such frigid philosophy as may conduct us indifferent
+    and unmoved over any ground which has been dignified by wisdom, bravery,
+    or virtue. That man is little to be envied, whose patriotism would not
+    gain force upon the plain of <i>Marathon</i>, or whose piety would not grow
+    warmer among the ruins of <i>Iona</i><a href="#note-898">[898]</a>!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Upon hearing that Sir Allan M'Lean was arrived, the inhabitants, who
+    still consider themselves as the people of M'Lean, to whom the island
+    formerly belonged, though the Duke of Argyle has at present possession
+    of it, ran eagerly to him.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We were accommodated this night in a large barn, the island, affording
+    no lodging that we should have liked so well. Some good hay was strewed
+    at one end of it, to form a bed for us, upon which we lay with our
+    clothes on; and we were furnished with blankets from the village<a href="#note-899">[899]</a>.
+    Each of us had a portmanteau for a pillow. When I awaked in the morning,
+    and looked round me, I could not help smiling at the idea of the chief
+    of the M'Leans, the great English Moralist, and myself, lying thus
+    extended in such a situation.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_72"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 20.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Early in the morning we surveyed the remains of antiquity at this place,
+    accompanied by an illiterate fellow, as <i>Cicerone</i>, who called himself a
+    descendant of a cousin of Saint Columba, the founder of the religious
+    establishment here. As I knew that many persons had already examined
+    them, and as I saw Dr. Johnson inspecting and measuring several of the
+    ruins of which he has since given so full an account, my mind was
+    quiescent; and I resolved to stroll among them at my ease, to take no
+    trouble to investigate minutely, and only receive the general impression
+    of solemn antiquity, and the particular ideas of such objects as should
+    of themselves strike my attention.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We walked from the monastery of Nuns to the great church or cathedral,
+    as they call it, along an old broken causeway. They told us, that this
+    had been a street; and that there were good houses built on each side.
+    Dr. Johnson doubted if it was any thing more than a paved road for the
+    nuns. The convent of Monks, the great church, Oran's chapel, and four
+    other chapels, are still to be discerned. But I must own that Icolmkill
+    did not answer my expectations; for they were high, from what I had read
+    of it, and still more from what I had heard and thought of it, from my
+    earliest years. Dr. Johnson said, it came up to his expectations,
+    because he had taken his impression from an account of it subjoined to
+    Sacheverel's <i>History of the Isle of Man</i><a href="#note-900">[900]</a>, where it is said, there
+    is not much to be seen here. We were both disappointed, when we were
+    shewn what are called the monuments of the kings of Scotland, Ireland,
+    and Denmark, and of a King of France. There are only some grave-stones
+    flat on the earth, and we could see no inscriptions. How far short was
+    this of marble monuments, like those in Westminster Abbey, which I had
+    imagined here! The grave-stones of Sir Allan M'Lean's family, and of
+    that of M'Quarrie, had as good an appearance as the royal grave-stones;
+    if they were royal, we doubted.
+</p>
+<p>
+    My easiness to give credit to what I heard in the course of our Tour was
+    too great. Dr. Johnson's peculiar accuracy of investigation detected
+    much traditional fiction, and many gross mistakes. It is not to be
+    wondered at, that he was provoked by people carelessly telling him, with
+    the utmost readiness and confidence, what he found, on questioning them
+    a little more, was erroneous<a href="#note-901">[901]</a>. Of this there were innumerable
+    instances.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I left him and Sir Allan at breakfast in our barn, and stole back again
+    to the cathedral, to indulge in solitude and devout meditation<a href="#note-902">[902]</a>.
+    While contemplating the venerable ruins, I refleeted with much
+    satisfaction, that the solemn scenes of piety never lose their sanctity
+    and influence, though the cares and follies of life may prevent us from
+    visiting them, or may even make us fancy that their effects are only 'as
+    yesterday, when it is past<a href="#note-903">[903]</a>,' and never again to be perceived. I
+    hoped, that, ever after having been in this holy place, I should
+    maintain an exemplary conduct. One has a strange propensity to fix upon
+    some point of time from whence a better course of life may begin<a href="#note-904">[904]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Being desirous to visit the opposite shore of the island, where Saint
+    Columba is said to have landed, I procured a horse from one
+    M'Ginnis<a href="#note-905">[905]</a>, who ran along as my guide. The M'Ginnises are said to be
+    a branch of the clan of M'Lean. Sir Allan had been told that this man
+    had refused to send him some rum, at which the knight was in great
+    indignation. 'You rascal! (said he,) don't you know that I can hang you,
+    if I please?' Not adverting to the Chieftain's power over his clan, I
+    imagined that Sir Allan had known of some capital crime that the fellow
+    had committed, which he could discover, and so get him condemned; and
+    said, 'How so?' 'Why, (said Sir Allan,) are they not all my people?'
+    Sensible of my inadvertency, and most willing to contribute what I could
+    towards the continuation of feudal authority, 'Very true,' said I. Sir
+    Allan went on: 'Refuse to send rum to me, you rascal! Don't you know
+    that, if I order you to go and cut a man's throat, you are to do it?'
+    'Yes, an't please your honour! and my own too, and hang myself too.' The
+    poor fellow denied that he had refused to send the rum. His making these
+    professions was not merely a pretence in presence of his Chief; for
+    after he and I were out of Sir Allan's hearing, he told me, 'Had he sent
+    his dog for the rum, I would have given it: I would cut my bones for
+    him.' It was very remarkable to find such an attachment to a Chief,
+    though he had then no connection with the island, and had not been there
+    for fourteen years. Sir Allan, by way of upbraiding the fellow, said, 'I
+    believe you are a <i>Campbell</i>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    The place which I went to see is about two miles from the village. They
+    call it <i>Portawherry</i>, from the wherry in which Columba came; though,
+    when they shew the length of his vessel, as marked on the beach by two
+    heaps of stones, they say, 'Here is the length of the <i>Currach</i>', using
+    the Erse word.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Icolmkill is a fertile island. The inhabitants export some cattle and
+    grain; and I was told, they import nothing but iron and salt. They are
+    industrious, and make their own woollen and linen cloth; and they brew a
+    good deal of beer, which we did not find in any of the other
+    islands<a href="#note-906">[906]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We set sail again about mid-day, and in the evening landed on Mull, near
+    the house of the Reverend Mr. Neal M'Leod, who having been informed of
+    our coming, by a message from Sir Allan, came out to meet us. We were
+    this night very agreeably entertained at his house. Dr. Johnson observed
+    to me, that he was the cleanest-headed man that he had met with in the
+    Western islands. He seemed to be well acquainted with Dr. Johnson's
+    writings, and courteously said, 'I have been often obliged to you,
+    though I never had the pleasure of seeing you before.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He told us, he had lived for some time in St. Kilda, under the tuition
+    of the minister or catechist there, and had there first read Horace and
+    Virgil. The scenes which they describe must have been a strong contrast
+    to the dreary waste around him.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_73"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THURSDAY, OCTOBER 21.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    This morning the subject of politicks was introduced. JOHNSON. 'Pulteney
+    was as paltry a fellow as could be<a href="#note-907">[907]</a>. He was a Whig, who pretended to
+    be honest; and you know it is ridiculous for a Whig to pretend to be
+    honest. He cannot hold it out<a href="#note-908">[908]</a>.' He called Mr. Pitt a meteor; Sir
+    Robert Walpole a fixed star<a href="#note-909">[909]</a>. He said, 'It is wonderful to think
+    that all the force of government was required to prevent Wilkes from
+    being chosen the chief magistrate of London<a href="#note-910">[910]</a>, though the liverymen
+    knew he would rob their shops,&mdash;knew he would debauch their
+    daughters<a href="#note-911">[911]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    BOSWELL. 'The History of England is so strange, that, if it were not so
+    well vouched as it is, it would hardly be credible.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    JOHNSON. 'Sir, if it were told as shortly, and with as little
+    preparation for introducing the different events, as the History of the
+    Jewish Kings, it would be equally liable to objections of
+    improbability.' Mr. M'Leod was much pleased with the justice and novelty
+    of the thought. Dr. Johnson illustrated what he had said, as follows:
+    'Take, as an instance, Charles the First's concessions to his
+    parliament, which were greater and greater, in proportion as the
+    parliament grew more insolent, and less deserving of trust. Had these
+    concessions been related nakedly, without any detail of the
+    circumstances which generally led to them, they would not have been
+    believed.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Sir Allan M'Lean bragged, that Scotland had the advantage of England, by
+    its having more water. JOHNSON. 'Sir, we would not have your water, to
+    take the vile bogs which produce it. You have too much! A man who is
+    drowned has more water than either of us;'&mdash;and then he laughed. (But
+    this was surely robust sophistry: for the people of taste in England,
+    who have seen Scotland, own that its variety of rivers and lakes makes
+    it naturally more beautiful than England, in that respect.) Pursuing his
+    victory over Sir Allan, he proceeded: 'Your country consists of two
+    things, stone and water. There is, indeed, a little earth above the
+    stone in some places, but a very little; and the stone is always
+    appearing. It is like a man in rags; the naked skin is still
+    peeping out.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He took leave of Mr. M'Leod, saying, 'Sir, I thank you for your
+    entertainment, and your conversation.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Campbell, who had been so polite yesterday, came this morning on
+    purpose to breakfast with us, and very obligingly furnished us with
+    horses to proceed on our journey to Mr. M'Lean's of <i>Lochbuy</i>, where we
+    were to pass the night. We dined at the house of Dr. Alexander M'Lean,
+    another physician in Mull, who was so much struck with the uncommon
+    conversation of Dr. Johnson, that he observed to me, 'This man is just a
+    <i>hogshead</i> of sense.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson said of the <i>Turkish Spy</i><a href="#note-912">[912]</a>, which lay in the room, that
+    it told nothing but what every body might have known at that time; and
+    that what was good in it, did not pay you for the trouble of reading
+    to find it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After a very tedious ride, through what appeared to me the most gloomy
+    and desolate country I had ever beheld<a href="#note-913">[913]</a>, we arrived, between seven
+    and eight o'clock, at May, the seat of the Laird of <i>Lochbuy</i>. <i>Buy</i>, in
+    Erse, signifies yellow, and I at first imagined that the loch or branch
+    of the sea here, was thus denominated, in the same manner as the <i>Red
+    Sea</i>; but I afterwards learned that it derived its name from a hill
+    above it, which being of a yellowish hue has the epithet of <i>Buy</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We had heard much of Lochbuy's being a great roaring braggadocio, a kind
+    of Sir John Falstaff, both in size and manners; but we found that they
+    had swelled him up to a fictitious size, and clothed him with imaginary
+    qualities. Col's idea of him was equally extravagant, though very
+    different: he told us he was quite a Don Quixote; and said, he would
+    give a great deal to sec him and Dr. Johnson together. The truth is,
+    that Lochbuy proved to be only a bluff, comely, noisy old gentleman,
+    proud of his hereditary consequence, and a very hearty and hospitable
+    landlord. Lady Lochbuy was sister to Sir Allan M'Lean, but much older.
+    He said to me, 'They are quite <i>Antediluvians</i>.' Being told that Dr.
+    Johnson did not hear well, Lochbuy bawled out to him, 'Are you of the
+    Johnstons of Glencro, or of Ardnamurchan<a href="#note-914">[914]</a>?' Dr. Johnson gave him a
+    significant look, but made no answer; and I told Lochbuy that he was not
+    Johns<i>ton</i>, but John<i>son</i>, and that he was an Englishman<a href="#note-915">[915]</a>.  Lochbuy
+    some years ago tried to prove himself a weak man, liable to imposition,
+    or, as we term it in Scotland, a <i>facile</i> man, in order to set aside a
+    lease which he had granted; but failed in the attempt. On my mentioning
+    this circumstance to Dr. Johnson, he seemed much surprized that such a
+    suit was admitted by the Scottish law, and observed, that 'In England no
+    man is allowed to <i>stultify</i> himself<a href="#note-916">[916]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Sir Allan, Lochbuy, and I, had the conversation chiefly to ourselves
+    to-night: Dr. Johnson, being extremely weary, went to bed soon
+    after supper.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_74"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    FRIDAY, OCTOBER 22.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Before Dr. Johnson came to breakfast, Lady Lochbuy said, 'he was a
+    <i>dungeon</i> of wit;' a very common phrase in Scotland to express a
+    profoundness of intellect, though he afterwards told me, that he never
+    had heard it. She proposed that he should have some cold sheep's-head
+    for breakfast. Sir Allan seemed displeased at his sister's vulgarity,
+    and wondered how such a thought should come into her head. From a
+    mischievous love of sport, I took the lady's part; and very gravely
+    said, 'I think it is but fair to give him an offer of it. If he does not
+    choose it, he may let it alone.' 'I think so,' said the lady, looking at
+    her brother with an air of victory. Sir Allan, finding the matter
+    desperate, strutted about the room, and took snuff. When Dr. Johnson
+    came in, she called to him, 'Do you choose any cold sheep's-head, Sir?'
+    'No, MADAM,' said he, with a tone of surprise and anger<a href="#note-917">[917]</a>. 'It is
+    here, Sir,' said she, supposing he had refused it to save the trouble of
+    bringing it in. They thus went on at cross purposes, till he confirmed
+    his refusal in a manner not to be misunderstood; while I sat quietly by,
+    and enjoyed my success.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After breakfast, we surveyed the old castle, in the pit or dungeon of
+    which Lochbuy had some years before taken upon him to imprison several
+    persons<a href="#note-918">[918]</a>; and though he had been fined in a considerable sum by the
+    Court of Justiciary, he was so little affected by it, that while we were
+    examining the dungeon, he said to me, with a smile, 'Your father knows
+    something of this;' (alluding to my father's having sat as one of the
+    judges on his trial.) Sir Allan whispered me, that the laird could not
+    be persuaded that he had lost his heritable jurisdiction<a href="#note-919">[919]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We then set out for the ferry, by which we were to cross to the main
+    land of Argyleshire. Lochbuy and Sir Allan accompanied us. We were told
+    much of a war-saddle, on which this reputed Don Quixote used to be
+    mounted; but we did not see it, for the young laird had applied it to a
+    less noble purpose, having taken it to Falkirk fair <i>with a drove of
+    black cattle.</i> We bade adieu to Lochbuy, and to our very kind
+    conductor<a href="#note-920">[920]</a>, Sir Allan M'Lean, on the shore of Mull, and then got
+    into the ferry-boat, the bottom of which was strewed with branches of
+    trees or bushes, upon which we sat. We had a good day and a fine
+    passage, and in the evening landed at Oban, where we found a tolerable
+    inn. After having been so long confined at different times in islands,
+    from which it was always uncertain when we could get away, it was
+    comfortable to be now on the mainland, and to know that, if in health,
+    we might get to any place in Scotland or England in a certain number
+    of days.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Here we discovered from the conjectures which were formed, that the
+    people on the main land were entirely ignorant of our motions; for in a
+    Glasgow newspaper we found a paragraph, which, as it contains a just
+    and well-turned compliment to my illustrious friend, I shall
+    here insert:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'We are well assured that Dr. Johnson is confined by tempestuous weather
+    to the isle of Sky; it being unsafe to venture, in a small boat, upon
+    such a stormy surge as is very common there at this time of the year.
+    Such a philosopher, detained on an almost barren island, resembles a
+    whale left upon the strand. The latter will be welcome to every body, on
+    account of his oil, his bone, &amp;c., and the other will charm his
+    companions, and the rude inhabitants, with his superior knowledge and
+    wisdom, calm resignation, and unbounded benevolence.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_75"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SATURDAY, OCTOBER 23.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    After a good night's rest, we breakfasted at our leisure. We talked of
+    Goldsmith's <i>Traveller</i>, of which Dr. Johnson spoke highly; and, while I
+    was helping him on with his great coat, he repeated from it the
+    character of the British nation, which he did with such energy, that the
+    tear started into his eye:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Stern o'er each bosom reason holds her state,
+      With daring aims irregularly great,
+      Pride in their port, defiance in their eye,
+      I see the lords of human kind pass by,
+      Intent on high designs, a thoughtful band,
+      By forms unfashion'd, fresh from nature's hand;
+      Fierce in their native hardiness of soul,
+      True to imagin'd right, above control,
+      While ev'n the peasant boasts these rights to scan,
+      And learns to venerate himself as man.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    We could get but one bridle here, which, according to the maxim <i>detur
+    digniori</i>, was appropriated to Dr. Johnson's sheltie. I and Joseph rode
+    with halters. We crossed in a ferry-boat a pretty wide lake<a href="#note-921">[921]</a>, and on
+    the farther side of it, close by the shore, found a hut for our inn. We
+    were much wet. I changed my clothes in part, and was at pains to get
+    myself well dried. Dr. Johnson resolutely kept on all his clothes, wet
+    as they were, letting them steam before the smoky turf fire. I thought
+    him in the wrong; but his firmness was, perhaps, a species of heroism.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I remember but little of our conversation. I mentioned Shenstone's
+    saying of Pope, that he had the art of condensing sense more than any
+    body<a href="#note-922">[922]</a>. Dr. Johnson said, 'It is not true, Sir. There is more sense
+    in a line of Cowley than in a page (or a sentence, or ten lines,&mdash;I am
+    not quite certain of the very phrase) of Pope.' He maintained that
+    Archibald, Duke of Argyle<a href="#note-923">[923]</a>, was a narrow man. I wondered at this;
+    and observed, that his building so great a house at Inverary was not
+    like a narrow man. 'Sir, (said he,) when a narrow man has resolved to
+    build a house, he builds it like another man. But Archibald, Duke of
+    Argyle, was narrow in his ordinary expences, in his quotidian
+    expences.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    The distinction is very just. It is in the ordinary expences of life
+    that a man's liberality or narrowness is to be discovered. I never heard
+    the word <i>quotidian</i> in this sense, and I imagined it to be a word of
+    Dr. Johnson's own fabrication; but I have since found it in <i>Young's
+    Night Thoughts</i>, (Night fifth,)
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Death's a destroyer of quotidian prey,'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    and in my friend's <i>Dictionary</i>, supported by the authorities of Charles
+    I. and Dr. Donne.
+</p>
+<p>
+    It rained very hard as we journied on after dinner. The roar of torrents
+    from the mountains, as we passed along in the dusk, and the other
+    circumstances attending our ride in the evening, have been mentioned
+    with so much animation by Dr. Johnson, that I shall not attempt to say
+    any thing on the subject<a href="#note-924">[924]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We got at night to Inverary, where we found an excellent inn. Even here,
+    Dr. Johnson would not change his wet clothes.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The prospect of good accommodation cheered us much. We supped well; and
+    after supper, Dr. Johnson, whom I had not seen taste any fermented
+    liquor during all our travels, called for a gill of whiskey. 'Come,
+    (said he,) let me know what it is that makes a Scotchman happy<a href="#note-925">[925]</a>!' He
+    drank it all but a drop, which I begged leave to pour into my glass,
+    that I might say we had drunk whisky together. I proposed Mrs. Thrale
+    should be our toast. He would not have <i>her</i> drunk in whisky, but rather
+    'some insular lady;' so we drank one of the ladies whom we had lately
+    left. He owned to-night, that he got as good a room and bed as at an
+    English inn.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I had here the pleasure of finding a letter from home, which relieved me
+    from the anxiety I had suffered, in consequence of not having received
+    any account of my family for many weeks. I also found a letter from Mr.
+    Garrick, which was a regale<a href="#note-926">[926]</a> as agreeable as a pine-apple would be
+    in a desert<a href="#note-927">[927]</a>. He had favoured me with his correspondence for many
+    years; and when Dr. Johnson and I were at Inverness, I had written to
+    him as follows:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Inverness,
+     Sunday, 29 August, 1773.
+
+     MY DEAR SIR,
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Here I am, and Mr. Samuel Johnson actually with me. We were a night at
+    Fores, in coming to which, in the dusk of the evening, we passed over
+    the bleak and blasted heath where Macbeth met the witches<a href="#note-928">[928]</a>. Your old
+    preceptor<a href="#note-929">[929]</a> repeated, with much solemnity, the speech&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     "How far is't called to Fores?  What are these,
+      So wither'd and so wild in their attire," &amp;c.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    This day we visited the ruins of Macbeth's castle at Inverness. I have
+    had great romantick satisfaction in seeing Johnson upon the classical
+    scenes of Shakspeare in Scotland; which I really looked upon as almost
+    as improbable as that "Birnam wood should come to Dunsinane<a href="#note-930">[930]</a>."
+    Indeed, as I have always been accustomed to view him as a permanent
+    London object, it would not be much more wonderful to me to see St.
+    Paul's Church moving along where we now are. As yet we have travelled
+    in post-chaises; but to-morrow we are to mount on horseback, and ascend
+    into the mountains by Fort Augustus, and so on to the ferry, where we
+    are to cross to Sky. We shall see that island fully, and then visit some
+    more of the Hebrides; after which we are to land in Argyleshire, proceed
+    by Glasgow to Auchinleck, repose there a competent time, and then return
+    to Edinburgh, from whence the Rambler will depart for old England again,
+    as soon as he finds it convenient. Hitherto we have had a very
+    prosperous expedition. I flatter myself, <i>servetur ad imum, qualis ab
+    incepto processerit</i><a href="#note-931">[931]</a>. He is in excellent spirits, and I have a rich
+    journal of his conversation. Look back, Davy<a href="#note-932">[932]</a>, to Litchfield,&mdash;run
+    up through the time that has elapsed since you first knew Mr.
+    Johnson,&mdash;and enjoy with me his present extraordinary Tour. I could not
+    resist the impulse of writing to you from this place. The situation of
+    the old castle corresponds exactly to Shakspeare's description. While we
+    were there to-day<a href="#note-933">[933]</a>, it happened oddly, that a raven perched upon one
+    of the chimney-tops, and croaked. Then I in my turn repeated&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     "The raven himself is hoarse,
+      That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan,
+      Under my battlements."
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    'I wish you had been with us. Think what enthusiastick happiness I shall
+    have to see Mr. Samuel Johnson walking among the romantick rocks and
+    woods of my ancestors at Auchinleck<a href="#note-934">[934]</a>! Write to me at Edinburgh. You
+    owe me his verses on great George and tuneful Cibber, and the bad verses
+    which led him to make his fine ones on Philips the musician<a href="#note-935">[935]</a>. Keep
+    your promise, and let me have them. I offer my very best compliments to
+    Mrs. Garrick, and ever am,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Your warm admirer and friend,
+
+     'JAMES BOSWELL.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    '<i>To David Garrick, Esq., London.</i>'
+</p>
+<p>
+    His answer was as follows:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Hampton, September 14, 1773.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<center>
+    'DEAR SIR,
+</center>
+<p>
+    'You stole away from London, and left us all in the lurch; for we
+    expected you one night at the club, and knew nothing of your departure.
+    Had I payed you what I owed you, for the book you bought for me, I
+    should only have grieved for the loss of your company, and slept with a
+    quiet conscience; but, wounded as it is, it must remain so till I see
+    you again, though I am sure our good friend Mr. Johnson will discharge
+    the debt for me, if you will let him. Your account of your journey to
+    <i>Fores</i>, the <i>raven</i>, <i>old castle</i>, &amp;c., &amp;c., made me half mad. Are you
+    not rather too late in the year for fine weather, which is the life and
+    soul of seeing places? I hope your pleasure will continue <i>qualis ab
+    incepto</i>, &amp;c.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Your friend<a href="#note-936">[936]</a> &mdash;&mdash;&mdash; threatens me much. I only wish that he would
+    put his threats in execution, and, if he prints his play, I will forgive
+    him. I remember he complained to you, that his bookseller called for the
+    money for some copies of his &mdash;&mdash;&mdash;, which I subscribed for, and that I
+    desired him to call again. The truth is, that my wife was not at
+    home<a href="#note-937">[937]</a>, and that for weeks together I have not ten shillings in my
+    pocket.&mdash;However, had it been otherwise, it was not so great a crime to
+    draw his poetical vengeance upon me. I despise all that he can do, and
+    am glad that I can so easily get rid of him and his ingratitude. I am
+    hardened both to abuse and ingratitude.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'You, I am sure, will no more recommend your poetasters to my civility
+    and good offices.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Shall I recommend to you a play of Eschylus, (the Prometheus,)
+    published and translated by poor old Morell, who is a good scholar<a href="#note-938">[938]</a>,
+    and an acquaintance of mine? It will be but half a guinea, and your name
+    shall be put in the list I am making for him. You will be in very
+    good company.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Now for the Epitaphs!
+</p>
+<p>
+    [<i>These, together with the verses on George the Second, and Colley
+    Cibber, as his Poet Laureat, of which imperfect copies are gone about,
+    will appear in my Life of Dr. Johnson<a href="#note-939">[939]</a>.</i>]
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I have no more paper, or I should have said more to you. My love<a href="#note-940">[940]</a>
+    and respects to Mr. Johnson.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Yours ever,
+</p>
+<center>
+    'D. GARRICK.'
+</center>
+<p>
+    'I can't write. I have the gout in my hand.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    '<i>To James Boswell, Esq., Edinburgh.</i>'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_76"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SUNDAY, OCTOBER 24.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    We passed the forenoon calmly and placidly. I prevailed on Dr. Johnson
+    to read aloud Ogden's sixth sermon on Prayer, which he did with a
+    distinct expression, and pleasing solemnity. He praised my favourite
+    preacher, his elegant language, and remarkable acuteness; and said, he
+    fought infidels with their own weapons.
+</p>
+<p>
+    As a specimen of Ogden's manner, I insert the following passage from the
+    sermon which Dr. Johnson now read. The preacher, after arguing against
+    that vain philosophy which maintains, in conformity with the hard
+    principle of eternal necessity, or unchangeable predetermination, that
+    the only effect of prayer for others, although we are exhorted to pray
+    for them, is to produce good dispositions in ourselves towards them;
+    thus expresses himself:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'A plain man may be apt to ask, But if this then, though enjoined in the
+    holy scriptures, is to be my real aim and intention, when I am taught to
+    pray for other persons, why is it that I do not plainly so express it?
+    Why is not the form of the petition brought nearer to the meaning? Give
+    them, say I to our heavenly father, what is good. But this, I am to
+    understand, will be as it will be, and is not for me to alter. What is
+    it then that I am doing? I am desiring to become charitable myself; and
+    why may I not plainly say so? Is there shame in it, or impiety? The wish
+    is laudable: why should I form designs to hide it?
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Or is it, perhaps, better to be brought about by indirect means, and in
+    this artful manner? Alas! who is it that I would impose on? From whom
+    can it be, in this commerce, that I desire to hide any thing? When, as
+    my Saviour commands me, I have <i>entered into my closet, and shut my
+    door</i>, there are but two parties privy to my devotions, GOD and my own
+    heart; which of the two am I deceiving?'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He wished to have more books, and, upon inquiring if there were any in
+    the house, was told that a waiter had some, which were brought to him;
+    but I recollect none of them, except Hervey's <i>Meditations</i>. He thought
+    slightingly of this admired book. He treated it with ridicule, and would
+    not allow even the scene of the dying Husband and Father to be
+    pathetick<a href="#note-941">[941]</a>. I am not an impartial judge; for Hervey's <i>Meditations</i>
+    engaged my affections in my early years. He read a passage concerning
+    the moon, ludicrously, and shewed how easily he could, in the same
+    style, make reflections on that planet, the very reverse of
+    Hervey's<a href="#note-942">[942]</a>, representing her as treacherous to mankind. He did this
+    with much humour; but I have not preserved the particulars. He then
+    indulged a playful fancy, in making a <i>Meditation on a Pudding</i><a href="#note-943">[943]</a>, of
+    which I hastily wrote down, in his presence, the following note; which,
+    though imperfect, may serve to give my readers some idea of it.
+</p>
+<center>
+    MEDITATION ON A PUDDING.
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Let us seriously reflect of what a pudding is composed. It is composed
+    of flour that once waved in the golden grain, and drank the dews of the
+    morning; of milk pressed from the swelling udder by the gentle hand of
+    the beauteous milk-maid, whose beauty and innocence might have
+    recommended a worse draught; who, while she stroked the udder, indulged
+    no ambitious thoughts of wandering in palaces, formed no plans for the
+    destruction of her fellow-creatures: milk, which is drawn from the cow,
+    that useful animal, that eats the grass of the field, and supplies us
+    with that which made the greatest part of the food of mankind in the age
+    which the poets have agreed to call golden. It is made with an egg, that
+    miracle of nature, which the theoretical Burnet<a href="#note-944">[944]</a> has compared to
+    creation. An egg contains water within its beautiful smooth surface; and
+    an unformed mass, by the incubation of the parent, becomes a regular
+    animal, furnished with bones and sinews, and covered with feathers. Let
+    us consider; can there be more wanting to complete the Meditation on a
+    Pudding? If more is wanting, more may be found. It contains salt, which
+    keeps the sea from putrefaction: salt, which is made the image of
+    intellectual excellence, contributes to the formation of a pudding.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    In a Magazine I found a saying of Dr. Johnson's, something to this
+    purpose; that the happiest part of a man's life is what he passes lying
+    awake in bed in the morning. I read it to him. He said, 'I may, perhaps,
+    have said this; for nobody, at times, talks more laxly than I do<a href="#note-945">[945]</a>.'
+    I ventured to suggest to him, that this was dangerous from one of his
+    authority.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I spoke of living in the country, and upon what footing one should be
+    with neighbours. I observed that some people were afraid of being on too
+    easy a footing with them, from an apprehension that their time would not
+    be their own. He made the obvious remark, that it depended much on what
+    kind of neighbours one has, whether it was desirable to be on an easy
+    footing with them, or not. I mentioned a certain baronet, who told me,
+    he never was happy in the country, till he was not on speaking terms
+    with his neighbours, which he contrived in different ways to bring
+    about. 'Lord &mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;(said he) stuck long; but at last the fellow
+    pounded my pigs, and then I got rid of him.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir, My Lord
+    got rid of Sir John, and shewed how little he valued him, by putting his
+    pigs in the pound.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I told Dr. Johnson I was in some difficulty how to act at Inverary. I
+    had reason to think that the Duchess of Argyle disliked me, on account
+    of my zeal in the Douglas cause<a href="#note-946">[946]</a>; but the Duke of Argyle had always
+    been pleased to treat me with great civility. They were now at the
+    castle, which is a very short walk from our inn; and the question was,
+    whether I should go and pay my respects there. Dr. Johnson, to whom I
+    had stated the case, was clear that I ought; but, in his usual way, he
+    was very shy of discovering a desire to be invited there himself. Though
+    from a conviction of the benefit of subordination<a href="#note-947">[947]</a> to society, he
+    has always shewn great respect to persons of high rank, when he happened
+    to be in their company, yet his pride of character has ever made him
+    guard against any appearance of courting the great. Besides, he was
+    impatient to go to Glasgow, where he expected letters. At the same time
+    he was, I believe, secretly not unwilling to have attention paid him by
+    so great a Chieftain, and so exalted a nobleman. He insisted that I
+    should not go to the castle this day before dinner, as it would look
+    like seeking an invitation. 'But, (said I,) if the Duke invites us to
+    dine with him to-morrow, shall we accept?' 'Yes, Sir;' I think he said,
+    'to be sure.' But, he added, 'He won't ask us!' I mentioned, that I was
+    afraid my company might be disagreeable to the duchess. He treated this
+    objection with a manly disdain: '<i>That</i>, Sir, he must settle with his
+    wife.' We dined well. I went to the castle just about the time when I
+    supposed the ladies would be retired from dinner. I sent in my name;
+    and, being shewn in, found the amiable Duke sitting at the head of his
+    table with several gentlemen. I was most politely received, and gave his
+    grace some particulars of the curious journey which I had been making
+    with Dr. Johnson. When we rose from table, the Duke said to me, 'I hope
+    you and Dr. Johnson will dine with us to-morrow.' I thanked his grace;
+    but told him, my friend was in a great hurry to get back to London. The
+    Duke, with a kind complacency, said, 'He will stay one day; and I will
+    take care he shall see this place to advantage.' I said, I should be
+    sure to let him know his grace's invitation. As I was going away, the
+    Duke said, 'Mr. Boswell, won't you have some tea ?' I thought it best to
+    get over the meeting with the duchess this night; so respectfully
+    agreed. I was conducted to the drawing room by the Duke, who announced
+    my name; but the duchess, who was sitting with her daughter, Lady Betty
+    Hamilton<a href="#note-948">[948]</a>, and some other ladies, took not the least notice of me. I
+    should have been mortified at being thus coldly received by a lady of
+    whom I, with the rest of the world, have always entertained a very high
+    admiration, had I not been consoled by the obliging attention of
+    the Duke.
+</p>
+<p>
+    When I returned to the inn, I informed Dr. Johnson of the Duke of
+    Argyle's invitation, with which he was much pleased, and readily
+    accepted of it. We talked of a violent contest which was then carrying
+    on, with a view to the next general election for Ayrshire; where one of
+    the candidates, in order to undermine the old and established interest,
+    had artfully held himself out as a champion for the independency of the
+    county against aristocratick influence, and had persuaded several
+    gentlemen into a resolution to oppose every candidate who was supported
+    by peers<a href="#note-949">[949]</a>. 'Foolish fellows! (said Dr. Johnson), don't they see that
+    they are as much dependent upon the Peers one way as the other. The
+    Peers have but to <i>oppose</i> a candidate to ensure him success. It is said
+    the only way to make a pig go forward, is to pull him back by the tail.
+    These people must be treated like pigs.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_77"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    MONDAY, OCTOBER 25.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    My acquaintance, the Reverend Mr. John M'Aulay<a href="#note-950">[950]</a>, one of the
+    Ministers of Inverary, and brother to our good friend at Calder<a href="#note-951">[951]</a>,
+    came to us this morning, and accompanied us to the castle, where I
+    presented Dr. Johnson to the Duke of Argyle. We were shewn through the
+    house; and I never shall forget the impression made upon my fancy by
+    some of the ladies' maids tripping about in neat morning dresses. After
+    seeing for a long time little but rusticity, their lively manner, and
+    gay inviting appearance, pleased me so much, that I thought, for the
+    moment, I could have been a knight-errant for them<a href="#note-952">[952]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We then got into a low one-horse chair, ordered for us by the Duke, in
+    which we drove about the place. Dr. Johnson was much struck by the
+    grandeur and elegance of this princely seat. He thought, however, the
+    castle too low, and wished it had been a story higher. He said, 'What I
+    admire here, is the total defiance of expence.' I had a particular pride
+    in shewing him a great number of fine old trees, to compensate for the
+    nakedness which had made such an impression on him on the eastern coast
+    of Scotland.
+</p>
+<p>
+    When we came in, before dinner, we found the duke and some gentlemen in
+    the hall. Dr. Johnson took much notice of the large collection of arms,
+    which are excellently disposed there. I told what he had said to Sir
+    Alexander M'Donald, of his ancestors not suffering their arms to
+    rust<a href="#note-953">[953]</a>. 'Well, (said the doctor,) but let us be glad we live in times
+    when arms <i>may</i> rust. We can sit to-day at his grace's table, without
+    any risk of being attacked, and perhaps sitting down again wounded or
+    maimed.' The duke placed Dr. Johnson next himself at table. I was in
+    fine spirits; and though sensible that I had the misfortune of not being
+    in favour with the duchess, I was not in the least disconcerted, and
+    offered her grace some of the dish that was before me. It must be owned
+    that I was in the right to be quite unconcerned, if I could. I was the
+    Duke of Argyle's guest; and I had no reason to suppose that he adopted
+    the prejudices and resentments of the Duchess of Hamilton.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I knew it was the rule of modern high life not to drink to any body; but
+    that I might have the satisfaction for once to look the duchess in the
+    face, with a glass in my hand, I with a respectful air addressed
+    her,&mdash;'My Lady Duchess, I have the honour to drink your grace's good
+    health.' I repeated the words audibly, and with a steady countenance.
+    This was, perhaps, rather too much; but some allowance must be made for
+    human feelings.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The duchess was very attentive to Dr. Johnson. I know not how a <i>middle
+    state<a href="#note-954">[954]</a></i> came to be mentioned. Her grace wished to hear him on that
+    point. 'Madam, (said he,) your own relation, Mr. Archibald Campbell, can
+    tell you better about it than I can. He was a bishop of the nonjuring
+    communion, and wrote a book upon the subject<a href="#note-955">[955]</a>.' He engaged to get it
+    for her grace. He afterwards gave a full history of Mr. Archibald
+    Campbell, which I am sorry I do not recollect particularly. He said, Mr.
+    Campbell had been bred a violent Whig, but afterwards 'kept better
+    company, and became a Tory.' He said this with a smile, in pleasant
+    allusion, as I thought, to the opposition between his own political
+    principles and those of the duke's clan. He added that Mr. Campbell,
+    after the revolution, was thrown into gaol on account of his tenets;
+    but, on application by letter to the old Lord Townshend<a href="#note-956">[956]</a>, was
+    released; that he always spoke of his Lordship with great gratitude,
+    saying, 'though a <i>Whig</i>, he had humanity.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson and I passed some time together, in June 1784<a href="#note-957">[957]</a>, at
+    Pembroke College, Oxford, with the Reverend Dr. Adams, the master; and I
+    having expressed a regret that my note relative to Mr. Archibald
+    Campbell was imperfect, he was then so good as to write with his own
+    hand, on the blank page of my <i>Journal</i>, opposite to that which contains
+    what I have now mentioned, the following paragraph; which, however, is
+    not quite so full as the narrative he gave at Inverary:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    '<i>The Honourable</i> ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL <i>was, I believe, the Nephew<a href="#note-958">[958]</a> of
+    the Marquis of Argyle. He began life by engaging in Monmouth's
+    rebellion, and, to escape the law, lived some time in Surinam. When he
+    returned, he became zealous for episcopacy and monarchy; and at the
+    Revolution adhered not only to the Nonjurors, but to those who refused
+    to communicate with the Church of England, or to be present at any
+    worship where the usurper was mentioned as king. He was, I believe, more
+    than once apprehended in the reign of King William, and once at the
+    accession of George. He was the familiar friend of Hicks<a href="#note-959">[959]</a> and
+    Nelson<a href="#note-960">[960]</a>; a man of letters, but injudicious; and very curious and
+    inquisitive, but credulous. He lived<a href="#note-961">[961]</a> in 1743, or 44, about 75 years
+    old.'</i>  The subject of luxury having been introduced, Dr. Johnson
+    defended it. 'We have now (said he) a splendid dinner before us; which
+    of all these dishes is unwholesome?' The duke asserted, that he had
+    observed the grandees of Spain diminished in their size by luxury. Dr.
+    Johnson politely refrained from opposing directly an observation which
+    the duke himself had made; but said, 'Man must be very different from
+    other animals, if he is diminished by good living; for the size of all
+    other animals is increased by it<a href="#note-962">[962]</a>.' I made some remark that seemed
+    to imply a belief in <i>second sight</i>. The duchess said, 'I fancy you will
+    be a <i>Methodist</i>.' This was the only sentence her grace deigned to utter
+    to me; and I take it for granted, she thought it a good hit on my
+    <i>credulity</i> in the Douglas cause.
+</p>
+<p>
+    A gentleman in company, after dinner, was desired by the duke to go to
+    another room, for a specimen of curious marble, which his grace wished
+    to shew us. He brought a wrong piece, upon which the duke sent him back
+    again. He could not refuse; but, to avoid any appearance of servility,
+    he whistled as he walked out of the room, to shew his independency. On
+    my mentioning this afterwards to Dr. Johnson, he said, it was a nice
+    trait of character.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson talked a great deal, and was so entertaining, that Lady
+    Betty Hamilton, after dinner, went and placed her chair close to his,
+    leaned upon the back of it, and listened eagerly. It would have made a
+    fine picture to have drawn the Sage and her at this time in their
+    several attitudes. He did not know, all the while, how much he was
+    honoured. I told him afterwards. I never saw him so gentle and
+    complaisant as this day.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We went to tea. The duke and I walked up and down the drawing-room,
+    conversing. The duchess still continued to shew the same marked coldness
+    for me; for which, though I suffered from it, I made every allowance,
+    considering the very warm part that I had taken for Douglas, in the
+    cause in which she thought her son deeply interested. Had not her grace
+    discovered some displeasure towards me, I should have suspected her of
+    insensibility or dissimulation.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Her grace made Dr. Johnson come and sit by her, and asked him why he
+    made his journey so late in the year. 'Why, madam, (said he,) you know
+    Mr. Boswell must attend the Court of Session, and it does not rise till
+    the twelfth of August.' She said, with some sharpness, 'I <i>know nothing</i>
+    of Mr. Boswell.' Poor Lady Lucy Douglas<a href="#note-963">[963]</a>, to whom I mentioned this,
+    observed, 'She knew <i>too much</i> of Mr. Boswell.' I shall make no remark
+    on her grace's speech. I indeed felt it as rather too severe; but when I
+    recollected that my punishment was inflicted by so dignified a beauty, I
+    had that kind of consolation which a man would feel who is strangled by
+    a <i>silken cord</i>. Dr. Johnson was all attention to her grace. He used
+    afterwards a droll expression, upon her enjoying the three titles of
+    Hamilton, Brandon, and Argyle<a href="#note-964">[964]</a>. Borrowing an image from the Turkish
+    empire, he called her a <i>Duchess</i> with <i>three tails</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He was much pleased with our visit at the castle of Inverary. The Duke
+    of Argyle was exceedingly polite to him, and upon his complaining of the
+    shelties which he had hitherto ridden being too small for him, his grace
+    told him he should be provided with a good horse to carry him next day.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. John M'Aulay passed the evening with us at our inn. When Dr. Johnson
+    spoke of people whose principles were good, but whose practice was
+    faulty, Mr. M'Aulay said, he had no notion of people being in earnest in
+    their good professions, whose practice was not suitable to them. The
+    Doctor grew warm, and said, 'Sir, you are so grossly ignorant of human
+    nature, as not to know that a man may be very sincere in good
+    principles, without having good practice<a href="#note-965">[965]</a>!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson was unquestionably in the right; and whoever examines
+    himself candidly, will be satisfied of it, though the inconsistency
+    between principles and practice is greater in some men than in others.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I recollect very little of this night's conversation. I am sorry that
+    indolence came upon me towards the conclusion of our journey, so that I
+    did not write down what passed with the same assiduity as during the
+    greatest part of it.
+</p>
+<center>
+    TUESDAY, OCTOBER 26.
+</center>
+<p>
+    Mr. M'Aulay breakfasted with us, nothing hurt or dismayed by his last
+    night's correction. Being a man of good sense, he had a just admiration
+    of Dr. Johnson.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Either yesterday morning, or this, I communicated to Dr. Johnson, from
+    Mr. M'Aulay's information, the news that Dr. Beattie had got a pension
+    of two hundred pounds a year<a href="#note-966">[966]</a>. He sat up in his bed, clapped his
+    hands, and cried, 'O brave we<a href="#note-967">[967]</a>!'&mdash;a peculiar exclamation of his
+    when he rejoices<a href="#note-968">[968]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    As we sat over our tea, Mr. Home's tragedy of <i>Douglas</i> was mentioned. I
+    put Dr. Johnson in mind, that once, in a coffee house at Oxford, he
+    called to old Mr. Sheridan, 'How came you, Sir, to give Home a gold
+    medal for writing that foolish play?' and defied Mr. Sheridan to shew
+    ten good lines in it. He did not insist they should be together; but
+    that there were not ten good lines in the whole play<a href="#note-969">[969]</a>. He now
+    persisted in this. I endeavoured to defend that pathetick and beautiful
+    tragedy, and repeated the following passage:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     &mdash;'Sincerity,
+     Thou first of virtues! let no mortal leave
+     Thy onward path, although the earth should gape,
+     And from the gulph of hell destruction cry,
+     To take dissimulation's winding way<a href="#note-970">[970]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    JOHNSON. 'That will not do, Sir. Nothing is good but what is consistent
+    with truth or probability, which this is not. Juvenal, indeed, gives us
+    a noble picture of inflexible virtue:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     "Esto bonus miles, tutor bonus, arbiter idem
+     Integer: ambiguae si quando citabere testis,
+     Incertaeque rei, Phalaris licet imperet ut sis,
+     Falsus, et admoto dictet perjuria tauro,
+     Summum crede nefas animam praeferre pudori,
+     Et propter vitam vivendi perdere causas<a href="#note-2">[2]</a>."'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    He repeated the lines with great force and dignity; then
+    added, 'And, after this, comes Johnny Home, with his <i>earth
+    gaping</i>, and his <i>destruction crying</i>:&mdash;Pooh<a href="#note-971">[971]</a>!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    While we were lamenting the number of ruined religious buildings which
+    we had lately seen, I spoke with peculiar feeling of the miserable
+    neglect of the chapel belonging to the palace of Holyrood-house, in
+    which are deposited the remains of many of the Kings of Scotland, and
+    many of our nobility. I said, it was a disgrace to the country that it
+    was not repaired: and particularly complained that my friend Douglas,
+    the representative of a great house and proprietor of a vast estate,
+    should suffer the sacred spot where his mother lies interred, to be
+    unroofed, and exposed to all the inclemencies of the weather. Dr.
+    Johnson, who, I know not how, had formed an opinion on the Hamilton
+    side, in the Douglas cause, slily answered, 'Sir, Sir, don't be too
+    severe upon the gentleman; don't accuse him of want of filial piety!
+    Lady Jane Douglas was not <i>his</i> mother.' He roused my zeal so much that
+    I took the liberty to tell him he knew nothing of the cause: which I do
+    most seriously believe was the case<a href="#note-972">[972]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We were now 'in a country of bridles and saddles<a href="#note-973">[973]</a>,' and set out
+    fully equipped. The Duke of Argyle was obliging enough to mount Dr.
+    Johnson on a stately steed from his grace's stable. My friend was highly
+    pleased, and Joseph said, 'He now looks like a bishop.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We dined at the inn at Tarbat, and at night came to Rosedow, the
+    beautiful seat of Sir James Colquhoun, on the banks of Lochlomond, where
+    I, and any friends whom I have introduced, have ever been received with
+    kind and elegant hospitality.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_78"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 27.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    When I went into Dr. Johnson's room this morning, I observed to him how
+    wonderfully courteous he had been at Inveraray, and said, 'You were
+    quite a fine gentleman, when with the duchess.' He answered, in good
+    humour, 'Sir, I look upon myself as a very polite man:' and he was
+    right, in a proper manly sense of the word<a href="#note-974">[974]</a>. As an immediate proof
+    of it, let me observe, that he would not send back the Duke of Argyle's
+    horse without a letter of thanks, which I copied.
+</p>
+<center>
+    'TO HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF ARGYLE.
+</center>
+<center>
+    'MY LORD,
+</center>
+<p>
+    'That kindness which disposed your grace to supply me with the horse,
+    which I have now returned, will make you pleased to hear that he has
+    carried me well.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'By my diligence in the little commission with which I was honoured by
+    the duchess<a href="#note-975">[975]</a>, I will endeavour to shew how highly I value the
+    favours which I have received, and how much I desire to be thought,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'My Lord,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Your Grace's most obedient,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'And most humble servant,
+</p>
+<center>
+    'SAM. JOHNSON.'
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Rosedow, Oct. 29, 1773.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    The duke was so attentive to his respectable<a href="#note-976">[976]</a> guest, that on the
+    same day, he wrote him an answer, which was received at Auchinleck:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+    'TO DR. JOHNSON, AUCHINLECK, AYRSHIRE.
+</center>
+<p>
+    'SIR,  'I am glad to hear your journey from this place was not
+    unpleasant, in regard to your horse. I wish I could have supplied you
+    with good weather, which I am afraid you felt the want of.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'The Duchess of Argyle desires her compliments to you, and is much
+    obliged to you for remembering her commission.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I am, Sir,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Your most obedient humble servant,
+</p>
+<center>
+    'ARGYLE.'
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Inveraray, Oct. 29, 1773.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I am happy to insert every memorial of the honour done to my great
+    friend. Indeed, I was at all times desirous to preserve the letters
+    which he received from eminent persons, of which, as of all other
+    papers, he was very negligent; and I once proposed to him, that they
+    should be committed to my care, as his <i>Custos Rotulorum</i>. I wish he had
+    complied with my request, as by that means many valuable writings might
+    have been preserved, that are now lost<a href="#note-977">[977]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After breakfast, Dr. Johnson and I were furnished with a boat, and
+    sailed about upon Lochlomond, and landed on some of the islands which
+    are interspersed<a href="#note-978">[978]</a>. He was much pleased with the scene, which is so
+    well known by the accounts of various travellers, that it is unnecessary
+    for me to attempt any description of it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I recollect none of his conversation, except that, when talking of
+    dress, he said, 'Sir, were I to have any thing fine, it should be very
+    fine. Were I to wear a ring, it should not be a bauble, but a stone of
+    great value. Were I to wear a laced or embroidered waistcoat, it should
+    be very rich. I had once a very rich laced waistcoat, which I wore the
+    first night of my tragedy<a href="#note-979">[979]</a>.'  Lady Helen Colquhoun being a very
+    pious woman, the conversation, after dinner, took a religious turn. Her
+    ladyship defended the presbyterian mode of publick worship; upon which
+    Dr. Johnson delivered those excellent arguments for a form of prayer
+    which he has introduced into his <i>Journey</i><a href="#note-980">[980]</a>. I am myself fully
+    convinced that a form of prayer for publick worship is in general most
+    decent and edifying. <i>Solennia verba</i> have a kind of prescriptive
+    sanctity, and make a deeper impression on the mind than extemporaneous
+    effusions, in which, as we know not what they are to be, we cannot
+    readily acquiesce. Yet I would allow also of a certain portion of
+    extempore address, as occasion may require. This is the practice of the
+    French Protestant churches. And although the office of forming
+    supplications to the throne of Heaven is, in my mind, too great a trust
+    to be indiscriminately committed to the discretion of every minister, I
+    do not mean to deny that sincere devotion may be experienced when
+    joining in prayer with those who use no Liturgy.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We were favoured with Sir James Colquhoun's coach to convey us in the
+    evening to Cameron, the seat of Commissary Smollet<a href="#note-981">[981]</a>. Our
+    satisfaction of finding ourselves again in a comfortable carriage was
+    very great. We had a pleasing conviction of the commodiousness of
+    civilization, and heartily laughed at the ravings of those absurd
+    visionaries who have attempted to persuade us of the superior advantages
+    of a <i>state of nature</i><a href="#note-982">[982]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Smollet was a man of considerable learning, with abundance of animal
+    spirits; so that he was a very good companion for Dr. Johnson, who said
+    to me, 'We have had more solid talk here than at any place where we
+    have been.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I remember Dr. Johnson gave us this evening an able and eloquent
+    discourse on the <i>Origin of Evil</i><a href="#note-983">[983]</a>, and on the consistency of moral
+    evil with the power and goodness of GOD. He shewed us how it arose from
+    our free agency, an extinction of which would be a still greater evil
+    than any we experience. I know not that he said any thing absolutely
+    new, but he said a great deal wonderfully well; and perceiving us to be
+    delighted and satisfied, he concluded his harangue with an air of
+    benevolent triumph over an objection which has distressed many worthy
+    minds: 'This then is the answer to the question, <i>Pothen to Kakon</i>?'
+    Mrs. Smollet whispered me, that it was the best sermon she had ever
+    heard. Much do I upbraid myself for having neglected to preserve it.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_79"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THURSDAY, OCTOBER 28.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Mr. Smollet pleased Dr. Johnson, by producing a collection of
+    newspapers in the time of the Usurpation, from which it appeared that
+    all sorts of crimes were very frequent during that horrible anarchy. By
+    the side of the high road to Glasgow, at some distance from his house,
+    he had erected a pillar to the memory of his ingenious kinsman, Dr.
+    Smollet; and he consulted Dr. Johnson as to an inscription for it. Lord
+    Kames, who, though he had a great store of knowledge, with much
+    ingenuity, and uncommon activity of mind, was no profound scholar, had
+    it seems recommended an English inscription<a href="#note-984">[984]</a>. Dr. Johnson treated
+    this with great contempt, saying, 'An English inscription would be a
+    disgrace to Dr. Smollet<a href="#note-985">[985]</a>;' and, in answer to what Lord Kames had
+    urged, as to the advantage of its being in English, because it would be
+    generally understood, I observed, that all to whom Dr. Smollet's merit
+    could be an object of respect and imitation, would understand it as well
+    in Latin; and that surely it was not meant for the Highland drovers, or
+    other such people, who pass and repass that way.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We were then shewn a Latin inscription, proposed for this monument. Dr.
+    Johnson sat down with an ardent and liberal earnestness to revise it,
+    and greatly improved it by several additions and variations. I
+    unfortunately did not take a copy of it, as it originally stood; but I
+    have happily preserved every fragment of what Dr. Johnson wrote:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+    Quisquis ades, viator<a href="#note-986">[986]</a>,
+    Vel mente felix, vel studiis cultus,
+    Immorare paululum memoriae
+    TOBIAE SMOLLET, M.D.
+    Viri iis virtutibus
+    Quas in homine et cive
+    Et laudes, et imiteris,
+
+    Postquam mira&mdash;
+    Se &mdash;&mdash;
+
+    Tali tantoque viro, suo patrueli,
+
+    Hanc columnam,
+    Amoris eheu! inane monumentum,
+    In ipsis Leviniae ripis,
+    Quas primis infans vagitibus personuit,
+    Versiculisque jam fere moriturus illustravit<a href="#note-987">[987]</a>,
+    Ponendam curavit<a href="#note-988">[988]</a>.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    We had this morning a singular proof of Dr. Johnson's quick and
+    retentive memory. Hay's translation of <i>Martial</i> was lying in a window.
+    I said, I thought it was pretty well done, and shewed him a particular
+    epigram, I think, of ten, but am certain of eight, lines. He read it,
+    and tossed away the book, saying&mdash;'No, it is not pretty well.' As I
+    persisted in my opinion, he said, 'Why, Sir, the original is
+    thus,'&mdash;(and he repeated it;) 'and this man's translation is thus,'&mdash;and
+    then he repeated that also, exactly, though he had never seen it before,
+    and read it over only once, and that too, without any intention of
+    getting it by heart<a href="#note-989">[989]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Here a post-chaise, which I had ordered from Glasgow, came for us, and
+    we drove on in high spirits. We stopped at Dunbarton, and though the
+    approach to the castle there is very steep, Dr. Johnson ascended it with
+    alacrity, and surveyed all that was to be seen. During the whole of our
+    Tour he shewed uncommon spirit, could not bear to be treated like an old
+    or infirm man, and was very unwilling to accept of any assistance,
+    insomuch that, at our landing at Icolmkill, when Sir Allan M'Lean and I
+    submitted to be carried on men's shoulders from the boat to the shore,
+    as it could not be brought quite close to land, he sprang into the sea,
+    and waded vigorously out.  On our arrival at the Saracen's Head Inn, at
+    Glasgow, I was made happy by good accounts from home; and Dr. Johnson,
+    who had not received a single letter since we left Aberdeen<a href="#note-990">[990]</a>, found
+    here a great many, the perusal of which entertained him much. He enjoyed
+    in imagination the comforts which we could now command, and seemed to be
+    in high glee. I remember, he put a leg up on each side of the grate, and
+    said, with a mock solemnity, by way of soliloquy, but loud enough for me
+    to hear it, 'Here am I, an ENGLISH man, sitting by a <i>coal</i> fire.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_80"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    FRIDAY, OCTOBER 29.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    The professors<a href="#note-991">[991]</a> of the University being informed of our arrival, Dr.
+    Stevenson, Dr. Reid<a href="#note-992">[992]</a>, and Mr. Anderson breakfasted with us. Mr.
+    Anderson accompanied us while Dr. Johnson viewed this beautiful city. He
+    had told me, that one day in London, when Dr. Adam Smith was boasting of
+    it, he turned to him and said, 'Pray, Sir, have you ever seen
+    Brentford<a href="#note-993">[993]</a>?' This was surely a strong instance of his impatience,
+    and spirit of contradiction. I put him in mind of it to-day, while he
+    expressed his admiration of the elegant buildings, and whispered him,
+    'Don't you feel some remorse<a href="#note-994">[994]</a>?'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We were received in the college by a number of the professors, who
+    shewed all due respect to Dr. Johnson; and then we paid a visit to the
+    principal, Dr. Leechman<a href="#note-995">[995]</a>, at his own house, where Dr. Johnson had
+    the satisfaction of being told that his name had been gratefully
+    celebrated in one of the parochial congregations in the Highlands, as
+    the person to whose influence it was chiefly owing that the New
+    Testament was allowed to be translated into the Erse language. It seems
+    some political members of the Society in Scotland for propagating
+    Christian Knowledge had opposed this pious undertaking, as tending to
+    preserve the distinction between the Highlanders and Lowlanders. Dr.
+    Johnson wrote a long letter upon the subject to a friend, which being
+    shewn to them, made them ashamed, and afraid of being publickly exposed;
+    so they were forced to a compliance. It is now in my possession, and is,
+    perhaps, one of the best productions of his masterly pen<a href="#note-996">[996]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Professors Reid and Anderson, and the two Messieurs Foulis, the Elzevirs
+    of Glasgow, dined and drank tea with us at our inn, after which the
+    professors went away; and I, having a letter to write, left my
+    fellow-traveller with Messieurs Foulis. Though good and ingenious men,
+    they had that unsettled speculative mode of conversation which is
+    offensive to a man regularly taught at an English school and university.
+    I found that, instead of listening to the dictates of the Sage, they
+    had teazed him with questions and doubtful disputations. He came in a
+    flutter to me, and desired I might come back again, for he could not
+    bear these men. 'O ho! Sir, (said I,) you are flying to me for refuge!'
+    He never, in any situation, was at a loss for a ready repartee. He
+    answered, with a quick vivacity, 'It is of two evils choosing the
+    least.' I was delighted with this flash bursting from the cloud which
+    hung upon his mind, closed my letter directly, and joined the company.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We supped at Professor Anderson's. The general impression upon my memory
+    is, that we had not much conversation at Glasgow, where the professors,
+    like their brethren at Aberdeen<a href="#note-997">[997]</a>, did not venture to expose
+    themselves much to the battery of cannon which they knew might play upon
+    them<a href="#note-998">[998]</a>. Dr. Johnson, who was fully conscious of his own superior
+    powers, afterwards praised Principal Robertson for his caution in this
+    respect<a href="#note-999">[999]</a>. He said to me, 'Robertson, Sir, was in the right.
+    Robertson is a man of eminence, and the head of a college at Edinburgh.
+    He had a character to maintain, and did well not to risk its being
+    lessened.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_81"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SATURDAY, OCTOBER 30.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    We set out towards Ayrshire. I sent Joseph on to Loudoun, with a
+    message, that, if the Earl was at home, Dr. Johnson and I would have the
+    honour to dine with him. Joseph met us on the road, and reported that
+    the Earl '<i>jumped for joy,</i>' and said, 'I shall be very happy to see
+    them.' We were received with a most pleasing courtesy by his Lordship,
+    and by the Countess his mother, who, in her ninety-fifth year, had all
+    her faculties quite unimpaired<a href="#note-1000">[1000]</a>. This was a very cheering sight to
+    Dr. Johnson, who had an extraordinary desire for long life. Her
+    ladyship was sensible and well-informed, and had seen a great deal of
+    the world. Her lord had held several high offices, and she was sister to
+    the great Earl of Stair<a href="#note-1001">[1001]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I cannot here refrain from paying a just tribute to the character of
+    John Earl of Loudoun, who did more service to the county of Ayr in
+    general, as well as to the individuals in it, than any man we have ever
+    had. It is painful to think that he met with much ingratitude from
+    persons both in high and low rank: but such was his temper, such his
+    knowledge of 'base mankind<a href="#note-1002">[1002]</a>,' that, as if he had expected no other
+    return, his mind was never soured, and he retained his good-humour and
+    benevolence to the last. The tenderness of his heart was proved in
+    1745-6, when he had an important command in the Highlands, and behaved
+    with a generous humanity to the unfortunate. I cannot figure a more
+    honest politician; for, though his interest in our county was great, and
+    generally successful, he not only did not deceive by fallacious
+    promises, but was anxious that people should not deceive themselves by
+    too sanguine expectations. His kind and dutiful attention to his mother
+    was unremitted. At his house was true hospitality; a plain but a
+    plentiful table; and every guest, being left at perfect freedom, felt
+    himself quite easy and happy. While I live, I shall honour the memory of
+    this amiable man<a href="#note-1003">[1003]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At night, we advanced a few miles farther, to the house of Mr. Campbell
+    of Treesbank, who was married to one of my wife's sisters, and were
+    entertained very agreeably by a worthy couple.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_82"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SUNDAY, OCTOBER 31.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    We reposed here in tranquillity. Dr. Johnson was pleased to find a
+    numerous and excellent collection of books, which had mostly belonged to
+    the Reverend Mr. John Campbell, brother of our host. I was desirous to
+    have procured for my fellow-traveller, to-day, the company of Sir John
+    Cuninghame, of Caprington, whose castle was but two miles from us. He
+    was a very distinguished scholar, was long abroad, and during part of
+    the time lived much with the learned Cuninghame<a href="#note-1004">[1004]</a>, the opponent of
+    Bentley as a critick upon Horace. He wrote Latin with great elegance,
+    and, what is very remarkable, read Homer and Ariosto through every year.
+    I wrote to him to request he would come to us; but unfortunately he was
+    prevented by indisposition.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_83"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    MONDAY, NOVEMBER 1.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Though Dr. Johnson was lazy, and averse to move, I insisted that he
+    should go with me, and pay a visit to the Countess of Eglintoune, mother
+    of the late and present earl. I assured him, he would find himself amply
+    recompensed for the trouble; and he yielded to my solicitations, though
+    with some unwillingness. We were well mounted, and had not many miles to
+    ride. He talked of the attention that is necessary in order to
+    distribute our charity judiciously. 'If thoughtlessly done, we may
+    neglect the most deserving objects; and, as every man has but a certain
+    proportion to give, if it is lavished upon those who first present
+    themselves, there may be nothing left for such as have a better claim. A
+    man should first relieve those who are nearly connected with him, by
+    whatever tie; and then, if he has any thing to spare, may extend his
+    bounty to a wider circle.<a href="#note-1005">[1005]</a>'
+</p>
+<p>
+    As we passed very near the castle of Dundonald, which was one of the
+    many residences of the kings of Scotland, and in which Robert the Second
+    lived and died, Dr. Johnson wished to survey it particularly. It stands
+    on a beautiful rising ground, which is seen at a great distance on
+    several quarters, and from whence there is an extensive prospect of the
+    rich district of Cuninghame, the western sea, the isle of Arran, and a
+    part of the northern coast of Ireland. It has long been unroofed; and,
+    though of considerable size, we could not, by any power of imagination,
+    figure it as having been a suitable habitation for majesty<a href="#note-1006">[1006]</a>. Dr.
+    Johnson, to irritate my <i>old Scottish</i><a href="#note-1007">[1007]</a> enthusiasm, was very
+    jocular on the homely accommodation of 'King <i>Bob</i>,' and roared and
+    laughed till the ruins echoed.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Lady Eglintoune, though she was now in her eighty-fifth year, and had
+    lived in the retirement of the country for almost half a century, was
+    still a very agreeable woman. She was of the noble house of Kennedy, and
+    had all the elevation which the consciousness of such birth inspires.
+    Her figure was majestick, her manners high-bred, her reading extensive,
+    and her conversation elegant. She had been the admiration of the gay
+    circles of life, and the patroness of poets<a href="#note-1008">[1008]</a>. Dr. Johnson was
+    delighted with his reception here. Her principles in church and state
+    were congenial with his. She knew all his merit, and had heard much of
+    him from her son, Earl Alexander<a href="#note-1009">[1009]</a>, who loved to cultivate the
+    acquaintance of men of talents, in every department.
+</p>
+<p>
+    All who knew his lordship, will allow that his understanding and
+    accomplishments were of no ordinary rate. From the gay habits which he
+    had early acquired, he spent too much of his time with men, and in
+    pursuits far beneath such a mind as his. He afterwards became sensible
+    of it, and turned his thoughts to objects of importance; but was cut off
+    in the prime of his life. I cannot speak, but with emotions of the most
+    affectionate regret, of one, in whose company many of my early days were
+    passed, and to whose kindness I was much indebted.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Often must I have occasion to upbraid myself, that soon after our return
+    to the main land, I allowed indolence to prevail over me so much, as to
+    shrink from the labour of continuing my journal with the same minuteness
+    as before; sheltering myself in the thought, that we had done with the
+    Hebrides; and not considering, that Dr. Johnson's Memorabilia were
+    likely to be more valuable when we were restored to a more polished
+    society. Much has thus been irrecoverably lost.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the course of our conversation this day, it came out, that Lady
+    Eglintoune was married the year before Dr. Johnson was born; upon which
+    she graciously said to him, that she might have been his mother; and
+    that she now adopted him; and when we were going away, she embraced him,
+    saying, 'My dear son, farewell<a href="#note-1010">[1010]</a>!' My friend was much pleased with
+    this day's entertainment, and owned that I had done well to force
+    him out.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_84"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 2.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    We were now in a country not only '<i>of saddles and bridles</i><a href="#note-1011">[1011]</a>,' but
+    of post-chaises; and having ordered one from Kilmarnock, we got to
+    Auchinleck<a href="#note-1012">[1012]</a> before dinner.
+</p>
+<p>
+    My father was not quite a year and a half older than Dr. Johnson; but
+    his conscientious discharge of his laborious duty as a judge in
+    Scotland, where the law proceedings are almost all in writing,&mdash;a severe
+    complaint which ended in his death,&mdash;and the loss of my mother, a woman
+    of almost unexampled piety and goodness,&mdash;had before this time in some
+    degree affected his spirits<a href="#note-1013">[1013]</a>, and rendered him less disposed to
+    exert his faculties: for he had originally a very strong mind, and
+    cheerful temper. He assured me, he never had felt one moment of what is
+    called low spirits, or uneasiness, without a real cause. He had a great
+    many good stories, which he told uncommonly well, and he was remarkable
+    for 'humour, <i>incolumi gravitate</i><a href="#note-1014">[1014]</a>,' as Lord Monboddo used to
+    characterise it. His age, his office, and his character, had long given
+    him an acknowledged claim to great attention, in whatever company he
+    was; and he could ill brook any diminution of it. He was as sanguine a
+    Whig and Presbyterian, as Dr. Johnson was a Tory and Church of England
+    man: and as he had not much leisure to be informed of Dr. Johnson's
+    great merits by reading his works, he had a partial and unfavourable
+    notion of him, founded on his supposed political tenets; which were so
+    discordant to his own, that instead of speaking of him with that respect
+    to which he was entitled, he used to call him 'a <i>Jacobite fellow</i>.'
+    Knowing all this, I should not have ventured to bring them together, had
+    not my father, out of kindness to me, desired me to invite Dr. Johnson
+    to his house.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I was very anxious that all should be well; and begged of my friend to
+    avoid three topicks, as to which they differed very widely; Whiggism,
+    Presbyterianism, and&mdash;Sir John Pringle.<a href="#note-1015">[1015]</a> He said courteously, 'I
+    shall certainly not talk on subjects which I am told are disagreeable to
+    a gentleman under whose roof I am; especially, I shall not do so to
+    <i>your father</i>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Our first day went off very smoothly. It rained, and we could not get
+    out; but my father shewed Dr. Johnson his library, which in curious
+    editions of the Greek and Roman classicks, is, I suppose, not excelled
+    by any private collection in Great Britain. My father had studied at
+    Leyden, and been very intimate with the Gronovii, and other learned men
+    there. He was a sound scholar, and, in particular, had collated
+    manuscripts and different editions of <i>Anacreon</i>, and others of the
+    Greek Lyrick poets, with great care; so that my friend and he had much
+    matter for conversation, without touching on the fatal topicks of
+    difference.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson found here Baxter's <i>Anacreon</i><a href="#note-1016">[1016]</a>, which he told me he
+    had long enquired for in vain, and began to suspect there was no such
+    book. Baxter was the keen antagonist of Barnes<a href="#note-1017">[1017]</a>. His life is in
+    the <i>Biographia Britannica</i><a href="#note-1018">[1018]</a>. My father has written many notes on
+    this book, and Dr. Johnson and I talked of having it reprinted.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_85"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 3.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    It rained all day, and gave Dr. Johnson an impression of that
+    incommodiousness of climate in the west, of which he has taken notice in
+    his <i>Journey</i><a href="#note-1019">[1019]</a>; but, being well accommodated, and furnished with
+    variety of books, he was not dissatisfied.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Some gentlemen of the neighbourhood came to visit my father; but there
+    was little conversation. One of them asked Dr. Johnson how he liked the
+    Highlands. The question seemed to irritate him, for he answered, 'How,
+    Sir, can you ask me what obliges me to speak unfavourably of a country
+    where I have been hospitably entertained? Who <i>can</i> like the
+    Highlands<a href="#note-1020">[1020]</a>? I like the inhabitants very well[1021].' The gentleman
+    asked no more questions.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Let me now make up for the present neglect, by again gleaning from the
+    past. At Lord Monboddo's, after the conversation upon the decrease of
+    learning in England, his Lordship mentioned <i>Hermes</i>, by Mr. Harris of
+    Salisbury<a href="#note-1022">[1022]</a>, as the work of a living authour, for whom he had a
+    great respect. Dr. Johnson said nothing at the time; but when we were in
+    our post-chaise, he told me, he thought Harris 'a coxcomb.' This he
+    said of him, not as a man, but as an authour<a href="#note-1023">[1023]</a>; and I give his
+    opinions of men and books, faithfully, whether they agree with my own or
+    not. I do admit, that there always appeared to me something of
+    affectation in Mr. Harris's manner of writing; something of a habit of
+    clothing plain thoughts in analytick and categorical formality. But all
+    his writings are imbued with learning; and all breathe that philanthropy
+    and amiable disposition, which distinguished him as a man<a href="#note-1024">[1024]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At another time, during our Tour, he drew the character of a rapacious
+    Highland Chief<a href="#note-1025">[1025]</a> with the strength of Theophrastus or la Bruyère;
+    concluding with these words:&mdash;'Sir, he has no more the soul of a Chief,
+    than an attorney who has twenty houses in a street, and considers how
+    much he can make by them.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He this day, when we were by ourselves, observed, how common it was for
+    people to talk from books; to retail the sentiment's of others, and not
+    their own; in short, to converse without any originality of thinking. He
+    was pleased to say, 'You and I do not talk from books<a href="#note-1026">[1026]</a>.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_86"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 4.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    I was glad to have at length a very fine day, on which I could shew Dr.
+    Johnson the <i>Place</i> of my family, which he has honoured with so much
+    attention in his <i>Journey</i>. He is, however, mistaken in thinking that
+    the Celtick name, <i>Auchinleck</i>, has no relation to the natural
+    appearance of it. I believe every Celtick name of a place will be found
+    very descriptive. <i>Auchinleck</i> does not signify a <i>stony field</i>, as he
+    has said, but a <i>field of flag stones</i>; and this place has a number of
+    rocks, which abound in strata of that kind. The 'sullen dignity of the
+    old castle,' as he has forcibly expressed it, delighted him
+    exceedingly.<a href="#note-1027">[1027]</a> On one side of the rock on which its ruins stand,
+    runs the river Lugar, which is here of considerable breadth, and is
+    bordered by other high rocks, shaded with wood. On the other side runs a
+    brook, skirted in the same manner, but on a smaller scale. I cannot
+    figure a more romantick scene.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I felt myself elated here, and expatiated to my illustrious Mentor on
+    the antiquity and honourable alliances of my family, and on the merits
+    of its founder, Thomas Boswell, who was highly favoured by his
+    sovereign, James IV. of Scotland, and fell with him at the battle of
+    Flodden-field<a href="#note-1028">[1028]</a>; and in the glow of what, I am sensible, will, in a
+    commercial age, be considered as genealogical enthusiasm, did not omit
+    to mention what I was sure my friend would not think lightly of, my
+    relation<a href="#note-1029">[1029]</a> to the Royal Personage, whose liberality, on his
+    accession to the throne, had given him comfort and independence<a href="#note-1030">[1030]</a>.
+    I have, in a former page<a href="#note-1031">[1031]</a>, acknowledged my pride of ancient blood,
+    in which I was encouraged by Dr. Johnson: my readers therefore will not
+    be surprised at my having indulged it on this occasion.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Not far from the old castle is a spot of consecrated earth, on which may
+    be traced the foundations of an ancient chapel, dedicated to St.
+    Vincent, and where in old times 'was the place of graves' for the
+    family. It grieves me to think that the remains of sanctity here, which
+    were considerable, were dragged away, and employed in building a part of
+    the house of Auchinleck, of the middle age; which was the family
+    residence, till my father erected that 'elegant modern mansion,' of
+    which Dr. Johnson speaks so handsomely. Perhaps this chapel may one day
+    be restored.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson was pleased when I shewed him some venerable old trees,
+    under the shade of which my ancestors had walked. He exhorted me to
+    plant assiduously<a href="#note-1032">[1032]</a>, as my father had done to a great extent.
+</p>
+<p>
+    As I wandered with my reverend friend in the groves of Auchinleck, I
+    told him, that, if I survived him, it was my intention to erect a
+    monument to him here, among scenes which, in my mind, were all
+    classical; for in my youth I had appropriated to them many of the
+    descriptions of the Roman poets. He could not bear to have death
+    presented to him in any shape; for his constitutional melancholy made
+    the king of terrours more frightful. He turned off the subject, saying,
+    'Sir, I hope to see your grand-children!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    This forenoon he observed some cattle without horns, of which he has
+    taken notice in his <i>Journey</i><a href="#note-1033">[1033]</a>, and seems undecided whether they be
+    of a particular race. His doubts appear to have had no foundation; for
+    my respectable neighbour, Mr. Fairlie, who, with all his attention to
+    agriculture, finds time both for the classicks and his friends, assures
+    me they are a distinct species, and that, when any of their calves have
+    horns, a mixture of breed can be traced. In confirmation of his opinion,
+    he pointed out to me the following passage in Tacitus,&mdash;'<i>Ne armentis
+    quidem suus honor, aut gloria frontis</i><a href="#note-1034">[1034]</a>;' (<i>De mor. Germ. § 5</i>)
+    which he wondered had escaped Dr. Johnson.
+</p>
+<p>
+    On the front of the house of Auchinleck is this inscription:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Quod petis, hic est;
+     Est Ulubris; animus si te non deficit aequus<a href="#note-1035">[1035]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    It is characteristick of the founder; but the <i>animus aequus</i> is, alas!
+    not inheritable, nor the subject of devise. He always talked to me as if
+    it were in a man's own power to attain it; but Dr. Johnson told me that
+    he owned to him, when they were alone, his persuasion that it was in a
+    great measure constitutional, or the effect of causes which do not
+    depend on ourselves, and that Horace boasts too much, when he says,
+    <i>aequum mi animum ipse parabo</i><a href="#note-1036">[1036]</a>.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_87"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 5.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    The Reverend Mr. Dun, our parish minister, who had dined with us
+    yesterday, with some other company, insisted that Dr. Johnson and I
+    should dine with him to-day. This gave me an opportunity to shew my
+    friend the road to the church, made by my father at a great expence, for
+    above three miles, on his own estate, through a range of well enclosed
+    farms, with a row of trees on each side of it. He called it the <i>Via
+    sacra</i>, and was very fond of it.<a href="#note-1037">[1037]</a>Dr. Johnson, though he held
+    notions far distant from those of the Presbyterian clergy, yet could
+    associate on good terms with them. He indeed occasionally attacked
+    them. One of them discovered a narrowness of information concerning the
+    dignitaries of the Church of England, among whom may be found men of the
+    greatest learning, virtue, and piety, and of a truly apostolic
+    character. He talked before Dr. Johnson, of fat bishops and drowsy
+    deans; and, in short, seemed to believe the illiberal and profane
+    scoffings of professed satyrists, or vulgar railers. Dr. Johnson was so
+    highly offended, that he said to him, 'Sir, you know no more of our
+    Church than a Hottentot<a href="#note-1038">[1038]</a>.' I was sorry that he brought this
+    upon himself.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_88"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 6.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    I cannot be certain, whether it was on this day, or a former, that Dr.
+    Johnson and my father came in collision. If I recollect right, the
+    contest began while my father was shewing him his collection of medals;
+    and Oliver Cromwell's coin unfortunately introduced Charles the First,
+    and Toryism. They became exceedingly warm, and violent, and I was very
+    much distressed by being present at such an altercation between two men,
+    both of whom I reverenced; yet I durst not interfere. It would certainly
+    be very unbecoming in me to exhibit my honoured father, and my respected
+    friend, as intellectual gladiators, for the entertainment of the
+    publick: and therefore I suppress what would, I dare say, make an
+    interesting scene in this dramatick sketch,&mdash;this account of the
+    transit of Johnson over the Caledonian Hemisphere<a href="#note-1039">[1039]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Yet I think I may, without impropriety, mention one circumstance, as an
+    instance of my father's address. Dr. Johnson challenged him, as he did
+    us all at Talisker<a href="#note-1040">[1040]</a>, to point out any theological works of merit
+    written by Presbyterian ministers in Scotland. My father, whose studies
+    did not lie much in that way, owned to me afterwards, that he was
+    somewhat at a loss how to answer, but that luckily he recollected having
+    read in catalogues the title of <i>Durham on the Galatians</i>; upon which he
+    boldly said, 'Pray, Sir, have you read Mr. Durham's excellent commentary
+    on the Galatians?' 'No, Sir,' said Dr. Johnson. By this lucky thought my
+    father kept him at bay, and for some time enjoyed his triumph<a href="#note-1041">[1041]</a>; but
+    his antagonist soon made a retort, which I forbear to mention.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the course of their altercation, Whiggism and Presbyterianism,
+    Toryism and Episcopacy, were terribly buffeted. My worthy hereditary
+    friend, Sir John Pringle, never having been mentioned, happily escaped
+    without a bruise.
+</p>
+<p>
+    My father's opinion of Dr. Johnson may be conjectured from the name he
+    afterwards gave him, which was URSA MAJOR<a href="#note-1042">[1042]</a>. But it is not true, as
+    has been reported, that it was in consequence of my saying that he was a
+    <i>constellation</i><a href="#note-1043">[1043]</a> of genius and literature. It was a sly abrupt
+    expression to one of his brethren on the bench of the Court of Session,
+    in which Dr. Johnson was then standing; but it was not said in
+    his hearing.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_89"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 7.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    My father and I went to publick worship in our parish-church, in which I
+    regretted that Dr. Johnson would not join us; for, though we have there
+    no form of prayer, nor magnificent solemnity, yet, as GOD is worshipped
+    in spirit and in truth, and the same doctrines preached as in the Church
+    of England, my friend would certainly have shewn more liberality, had he
+    attended. I doubt not, however, but he employed his time in private to
+    very good purpose. His uniform and fervent piety was manifested on many
+    occasions during our Tour, which I have not mentioned. His reason for
+    not joining in Presbyterian worship has been recorded in a former
+    page<a href="#note-1044">[1044]</a>.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_90"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    MONDAY, NOVEMBER 8.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Notwithstanding the altercation that had passed, my father, who had the
+    dignified courtesy of an old Baron, was very civil to Dr. Johnson, and
+    politely attended him to the post-chaise, which was to convey us to
+    Edinburgh<a href="#note-1045">[1045]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Thus they parted. They are now in another, and a higher, state of
+    existence: and as they were both worthy Christian men, I trust they have
+    met in happiness. But I must observe, in justice to my friend's
+    political principles, and my own, that they have met in a place where
+    there is no room for <i>Whiggism</i><a href="#note-1046">[1046]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We came at night to a good inn at Hamilton. I recollect no more.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_91"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 9.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    I wished to have shewn Dr. Johnson the Duke of Hamilton's house,
+    commonly called the <i>Palace</i> of Hamilton, which is close by the town. It
+    is an object which, having been pointed out to me as a splendid edifice,
+    from my earliest years, in travelling between Auchinleck and Edinburgh,
+    has still great grandeur in my imagination. My friend consented to stop,
+    and view the outside of it, but could not be persuaded to go into it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We arrived this night at Edinburgh, after an absence of eighty-three
+    days. For five weeks together, of the tempestuous season, there had been
+    no account received of us. I cannot express how happy I was on finding
+    myself again at home.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_92"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 10.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Old Mr. Drummond, the bookseller<a href="#note-1047">[1047]</a>, came to breakfast. Dr. Johnson
+    and he had not met for ten years. There was respect on his side, and
+    kindness on Dr. Johnson's. Soon afterwards Lord Elibank came in, and was
+    much pleased at seeing Dr. Johnson in Scotland. His lordship said,
+    'hardly any thing seemed to him more improbable.' Dr. Johnson had a
+    very high opinion of him. Speaking of him to me, he characterized him
+    thus: 'Lord Elibank has read a great deal. It is true, I can find in
+    books all that he has read; but he has a great deal of what is in books,
+    proved by the test of real life.' Indeed, there have been few men whose
+    conversation discovered more knowledge enlivened by fancy. He published
+    several small pieces of distinguished merit; and has left some in
+    manuscript, in particular an account of the expedition against
+    Carthagena, in which he served as an officer in the army. His writings
+    deserve to be collected. He was the early patron of Dr. Robertson, the
+    historian, and Mr. Home, the tragick poet; who, when they were ministers
+    of country parishes, lived near his seat. He told me, 'I saw these lads
+    had talents, and they were much with me.' I hope they will pay a
+    grateful tribute to his memory<a href="#note-1048">[1048]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The morning was chiefly taken up by Dr. Johnson's giving him an account
+    of our Tour. The subject of difference in political principles was
+    introduced. JOHNSON. 'It is much increased by opposition. There was a
+    violent Whig, with whom I used to contend with great eagerness. After
+    his death I felt my Toryism much abated.' I suppose he meant Mr.
+    Walmsley of Lichfield, whose character he has drawn so well in his <i>Life
+    of Edmund Smith</i><a href="#note-1049">[1049]</a>.  Mr. Nairne[1050] came in, and he and I
+    accompanied Dr. Johnson to Edinburgh Castle, which he owned was 'a great
+    place.' But I must mention, as a striking instance of that spirit of
+    contradiction to which he had a strong propensity, when Lord Elibank was
+    some days after talking of it with the natural elation of a Scotchman,
+    or of any man who is proud of a stately fortress in his own country, Dr.
+    Johnson affected to despise it, observing that 'it would make a good
+    <i>prison</i> in ENGLAND.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Lest it should be supposed that I have suppressed one of his sallies
+    against my country, it may not be improper here to correct a mistaken
+    account that has been circulated, as to his conversation this day. It
+    has been said, that being desired to attend to the noble prospect from
+    the Castle-hill, he replied, 'Sir, the noblest prospect that a Scotchman
+    ever sees, is the high road that leads him to London.' This lively
+    sarcasm was thrown out at a tavern<a href="#note-1051">[1051]</a> in London, in my presence, many
+    years before.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We had with us to-day at dinner, at my house, the Lady Dowager Colvill,
+    and Lady Anne Erskine, sisters of the Earl of Kelly<a href="#note-1052">[1052]</a>; the
+    Honourable Archibald Erskine, who has now succeeded to that title; Lord
+    Elibank; the Reverend Dr. Blair; Mr. Tytler, the acute vindicator of
+    Mary Queen of Scots<a href="#note-1053">[1053]</a>, and some other friends[1054].
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>Fingal</i> being talked of, Dr. Johnson, who used to boast that he had,
+    from the first, resisted both Ossian<a href="#note-1055">[1055]</a> and the Giants of
+    Patagonia<a href="#note-1056">[1056]</a>, averred his positive disbelief of its authenticity.
+    Lord Elibank said, 'I am sure it is not M'Pherson's. Mr. Johnson, I keep
+    company a great deal with you; it is known I do. I may borrow from you
+    better things than I can say myself, and give them as my own; but, if I
+    should, every body will know whose they are.' The Doctor was not
+    softened by this compliment. He denied merit to <i>Fingal</i>, supposing it
+    to be the production of a man who has had the advantages that the
+    present age affords; and said, 'nothing is more easy than to write
+    enough in that style if once you begin<a href="#note-1057">[1057]</a>.'[1058]One gentleman in
+    company<a href="#note-1059">[1059]</a> expressing his opinion 'that <i>Fingal</i> was certainly
+    genuine, for that he had heard a great part of it repeated in the
+    original,' Dr. Johnson indignantly asked him whether he understood the
+    original; to which an answer being given in the negative, 'Why then,
+    (said Dr. Johnson,) we see to what <i>this</i> testimony comes:&mdash;thus it is.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I mentioned this as a remarkable proof how liable the mind of man is to
+    credulity, when not guarded by such strict examination as that which Dr.
+    Johnson habitually practised.<a href="#note-1060">[1060]</a>The talents and integrity of the
+    gentleman who made the remark, are unquestionable; yet, had not Dr.
+    Johnson made him advert to the consideration, that he who does not
+    understand a language, cannot know that something which is recited to
+    him is in that language, he might have believed, and reported to this
+    hour, that he had 'heard a great part of <i>Fingal</i> repeated in the
+    original.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    For the satisfaction of those on the north of the Tweed, who may think
+    Dr. Johnson's account of Caledonian credulity and inaccuracy too
+    strong,<a href="#note-1061">[1061]</a> it is but fair to add, that he admitted the same kind of
+    ready belief might be found in his own country. 'He would undertake, (he
+    said) to write an epick poem on the story of <i>Robin Hood</i>,<a href="#note-1062">[1062]</a> and
+    half England, to whom the names and places he should mention in it are
+    familiar, would believe and declare they had heard it from their
+    earliest years.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    One of his objections to the authenticity of <i>Fingal</i>, during the
+    conversation at Ulinish,<a href="#note-1063">[1063]</a> is omitted in my <i>Journal</i>, but I
+    perfectly recollect it. 'Why is not the original deposited in some
+    publick library, instead of exhibiting attestations of its
+    existence?<a href="#note-1064">[1064]</a> Suppose there were a question in a court of justice,
+    whether a man be dead or alive: You aver he is alive, and you bring
+    fifty witnesses to swear it: I answer, "Why do you not produce the
+    man?"' This is an argument founded upon one of the first principles of
+    the <i>law of evidence</i>, which <i>Gilbert</i><a href="#note-1065">[1065]</a> would have held to be
+    irrefragable.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I do not think it incumbent on me to give any precise decided opinion
+    upon this question, as to which I believe more than some, and less than
+    others.<a href="#note-1066">[1066]</a>
+</p>
+<p>
+    The subject appears to have now become very uninteresting to the
+    publick. That <i>Fingal</i> is not from beginning to end a translation from
+    the Gallick, but that <i>some</i> passages have been supplied by the editor
+    to connect the whole, I have heard admitted by very warm advocates for
+    its authenticity. If this be the case, why are not these distinctly
+    ascertained? Antiquaries, and admirers of the work, may complain, that
+    they are in a situation similar to that of the unhappy gentleman, whose
+    wife informed him, on her death-bed, that one of their reputed children
+    was not his; and, when he eagerly begged her to declare which of them it
+    was, she answered, '<i>That</i> you shall never know;' and expired, leaving
+    him in irremediable doubt as to them all.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I beg leave now to say something upon <i>second sight</i>, of which I have
+    related two instances,<a href="#note-1067">[1067]</a> as they impressed my mind at the time. I
+    own, I returned from the Hebrides with a considerable degree of faith in
+    the many stories of that kind which I heard with a too easy
+    acquiescence, without any close examination of the evidence: but, since
+    that time, my belief in those stories has been much weakened,<a href="#note-1068">[1068]</a> by
+    reflecting on the careless inaccuracy of narrative in common matters,
+    from which we may certainly conclude that there may be the same in what
+    is more extraordinary. It is but just, however, to add, that the belief
+    in second sight is not peculiar to the Highlands and Isles.<a href="#note-1069">[1069]</a>
+</p>
+<p>
+    Some years after our Tour, a cause<a href="#note-1070">[1070]</a> was tried in the Court of
+    Session, where the principal fact to be ascertained was, whether a
+    ship-master, who used to frequent the Western Highlands and Isles, was
+    drowned in one particular year, or in the year after. A great number of
+    witnesses from those parts were examined on each side, and swore
+    directly contrary to each other, upon this simple question. One of them,
+    a very respectable Chieftain, who told me a story of second sight, which
+    I have not mentioned, but which I too implicitly believed, had in this
+    case, previous to this publick examination, not only said, but attested
+    under his hand, that he had seen the ship-master in the year subsequent
+    to that in which the court was finally satisfied he was drowned. When
+    interrogated with the strictness of judicial inquiry, and under the awe
+    of an oath, he recollected himself better, and retracted what he had
+    formerly asserted, apologising for his inaccuracy, by telling the
+    judges, 'A man will <i>say</i> what he will not <i>swear</i>.' By many he was much
+    censured, and it was maintained that every gentleman would be as
+    attentive to truth without the sanction of an oath, as with it. Dr.
+    Johnson, though he himself was distinguished at all times by a
+    scrupulous adherence to truth, controverted this proposition; and as a
+    proof that this was not, though it ought to be, the case, urged the very
+    different decisions of elections under Mr. Grenville's Act,<a href="#note-1071">[1071]</a> from
+    those formerly made. 'Gentlemen will not pronounce upon oath what they
+    would have said, and voted in the house, without that sanction.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    However difficult it may be for men who believe in preternatural
+    communications, in modern times, to satisfy those who are of a different
+    opinion, they may easily refute the doctrine of their opponents, who
+    impute a belief in <i>second sight</i> to <i>superstition</i>. To entertain a
+    visionary notion that one sees a distant or future event, may be called
+    <i>superstition</i>: but the correspondence of the fact or event with such an
+    impression on the fancy, though certainly very wonderful, <i>if proved</i>,
+    has no more connection with superstition, than magnetism or electricity.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After dinner, various topicks were discussed; but I recollect only one
+    particular. Dr. Johnson compared the different talents of Garrick and
+    Foote,<a href="#note-1072">[1072]</a> as companions, and gave Garrick greatly the preference for
+    elegance, though he allowed Foote extraordinary powers of entertainment.
+    He said, 'Garrick is restrained by some principle; but Foote has the
+    advantage of an unlimited range. Garrick has some delicacy of feeling;
+    it is possible to put him out; you may get the better of him; but Foote
+    is the most incompressible fellow that I ever knew; when you have driven
+    him into a corner, and think you are sure of him, he runs through
+    between your legs, or jumps over your head, and makes his escape.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Erskine<a href="#note-1073">[1073]</a> and Mr. Robert Walker, two very respectable ministers
+    of Edinburgh, supped with us, as did the Reverend Dr. Webster.<a href="#note-1074">[1074]</a> The
+    conversation turned on the Moravian missions, and on the Methodists. Dr.
+    Johnson observed in general, that missionaries were too sanguine in
+    their accounts of their success among savages, and that much of what
+    they tell is not to be believed. He owned that the Methodists had done
+    good; had spread religious impressions among the vulgar part of
+    mankind:<a href="#note-1075">[1075]</a> but, he said, they had great bitterness against other
+    Christians, and that he never could get a Methodist to explain in what
+    he excelled others; that it always ended in the indispensible necessity
+    of hearing one of their preachers.<a href="#note-1076">[1076]</a>
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_93"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 11.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Principal Robertson came to us as we sat at breakfast, he advanced to
+    Dr. Johnson, repeating a line of Virgil, which I forget. I
+    suppose, either
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Post varios casus, per tot discrimina rerum<a href="#note-1077">[1077]</a>&mdash;
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    or
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     &mdash;multum ille et terris jactatus, et alto<a href="#note-1078">[1078]</a>.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Every body had accosted us with some studied compliment on our return.
+    Dr. Johnson said, 'I am really ashamed of the congratulations which we
+    receive. We are addressed as if we had made a voyage to Nova Zembla, and
+    suffered five persecutions in Japan<a href="#note-1079">[1079]</a>.' And he afterwards remarked,
+    that, 'to see a man come up with a formal air and a Latin line, when we
+    had no fatigue and no danger, was provoking<a href="#note-1080">[1080]</a>.' I told him, he was
+    not sensible of the danger, having lain under cover in the boat during
+    the storm<a href="#note-1081">[1081]</a>: he was like the chicken, that hides its head under its
+    wing, and then thinks itself safe.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Lord Elibank came to us, as did Sir William Forbes. The rash attempt in
+    1745 being mentioned, I observed, that it would make a fine piece of
+    History. Dr. Johnson said it would.<a href="#note-1082">[1082]</a> Lord Elibank doubted whether
+    any man of this age could give it impartially. JOHNSON. 'A man, by
+    talking with those of different sides, who were actors in it, and
+    putting down all that he hears, may in time collect the materials of a
+    good narrative. You are to consider, all history was at first oral. I
+    suppose Voltaire was fifty years<a href="#note-1083">[1083]</a> in collecting his <i>Louis XIV</i>.
+    which he did in the way that I am proposing.' ROBERTSON. 'He did so. He
+    lived much with all the great people who were concerned in that reign,
+    and heard them talk of everything: and then either took Mr. Boswell's
+    way, of writing down what he heard, or, which is as good, preserved it
+    in his memory; for he has a wonderful memory.' With the leave, however,
+    of this elegant historian, no man's memory can preserve facts or sayings
+    with such fidelity as may be done by writing them down when they are
+    recent. Dr. Robertson said, 'it was now full time to make such a
+    collection as Dr. Johnson suggested; for many of the people who were
+    then in arms, were dropping off; and both Whigs and Jacobites were now
+    come to talk with moderation.' Lord Elibank said to him, 'Mr. Robertson,
+    the first thing that gave me a high opinion of you, was your saying in
+    the <i>Select Society</i><a href="#note-1084">[1084]</a>, while parties ran high, soon after the year
+    1745, that you did not think worse of a man's moral character for his
+    having been in rebellion. This was venturing to utter a liberal
+    sentiment, while both sides had a detestation of each other.'  Dr.
+    Johnson observed, that being in rebellion from a notion of another's
+    right, was not connected with depravity; and that we had this proof of
+    it, that all mankind applauded the pardoning of rebels; which they would
+    not do in the case of robbers and murderers. He said, with a smile, that
+    'he wondered that the phrase of <i>unnatural</i> rebellion should be so much
+    used, for that all rebellion was natural to man.'
+</p>
+<hr>
+<p>
+    As I kept no Journal of anything that passed after this morning, I
+    shall, from memory, group together this and the other days, till that on
+    which Dr. Johnson departed for London. They were in all nine days; on
+    which he dined at Lady Colvill's, Lord Hailes's, Sir Adolphus Oughton's,
+    Sir Alexander Dick's, Principal Robertson's, Mr. M'Laurin's<a href="#note-1085">[1085]</a>, and
+    thrice at Lord Elibank's seat in the country, where we also passed two
+    nights<a href="#note-1086">[1086]</a>. He supped at the Honourable Alexander Gordon's[1087], now
+    one of our judges, by the title of Lord Rockville; at Mr. Nairne's, now
+    also one of our judges, by the title of Lord Dunsinan; at Dr. Blair's,
+    and Mr. Tytler's; and at my house thrice, one evening with a numerous
+    company, chiefly gentlemen of the law; another with Mr. Menzies of
+    Culdares, and Lord Monboddo, who disengaged himself on purpose to meet
+    him; and the evening on which we returned from Lord Elibank's, he supped
+    with my wife and me by ourselves<a href="#note-1088">[1088]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He breakfasted at Dr. Webster's, at old Mr. Drummond's, and at Dr.
+    Blacklock's; and spent one forenoon at my uncle Dr. Boswell's<a href="#note-1089">[1089]</a>, who
+    shewed him his curious museum; and, as he was an elegant scholar, and a
+    physician bred in the school of Boerhaave<a href="#note-1090">[1090]</a>, Dr. Johnson was pleased
+    with his company.  On the mornings when he breakfasted at my house, he
+    had, from ten o'clock till one or two, a constant levee of various
+    persons, of very different characters and descriptions. I could not
+    attend him, being obliged to be in the Court of Session; but my wife was
+    so good as to devote the greater part of the morning to the endless task
+    of pouring out tea for my friend and his visitors.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Such was the disposition of his time at Edinburgh. He said one evening
+    to me, in a fit of languor, 'Sir, we have been harassed by invitations.'
+    I acquiesced. 'Ay, Sir,' he replied; but how much worse would it have
+    been, if we had been neglected<a href="#note-1091">[1091]</a>?'
+</p>
+<p>
+    From what has been recorded in this <i>Journal</i>, it may well be supposed
+    that a variety of admirable conversation has been lost, by my neglect to
+    preserve it. I shall endeavour to recollect some of it, as well as
+    I can.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At Lady Colvill's, to whom I am proud to introduce any stranger of
+    eminence, that he may see what dignity and grace is to be found in
+    Scotland, an officer observed, that he had heard Lord Mansfield was not
+    a great English lawyer. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, supposing Lord Mansfield not
+    to have the splendid talents which he possesses, he must be a great
+    English lawyer, from having been so long at the bar, and having passed
+    through so many of the great offices of the law. Sir, you may as well
+    maintain that a carrier, who has driven a packhorse between Edinburgh
+    and Berwick for thirty years, does not know the road, as that Lord
+    Mansfield does not know the law of England<a href="#note-1092">[1092]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    At Mr. Nairne's, he drew the character of Richardson, the authour of
+    <i>Clarissa</i>, with a strong yet delicate pencil. I lament much that I have
+    not preserved it; I only remember that he expressed a high opinion of
+    his talents and virtues; but observed, that 'his perpetual study was to
+    ward off petty inconveniences, and procure petty pleasures; that his
+    love of continual superiority was such, that he took care to be always
+    surrounded by women<a href="#note-1093">[1093]</a>, who listened to him implicitly, and did not
+    venture to controvert his opinions; and that his desire of distinction
+    was so great, that he used to give large vails to the Speaker Onslow's
+    servants, that they might treat him with respect.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    On the same evening, he would not allow that the private life of a
+    Judge, in England, was required to be so strictly decorous as I
+    supposed. 'Why then, Sir, (said I,) according to your account, an
+    English judge may just live like a gentleman.' JOHNSON. 'Yes,
+    Sir<a href="#note-1094">[1094]</a>,&mdash;if he <i>can</i>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    At Mr. Tytler's, I happened to tell that one evening, a great many years
+    ago, when Dr. Hugh Blair and I were sitting together in the pit of
+    Drury-lane play-house, in a wild freak of youthful extravagance, I
+    entertained the audience <i>prodigiously</i><a href="#note-1095">[1095]</a>, by imitating the lowing
+    of a cow. A little while after I had told this story, I differed from
+    Dr. Johnson, I suppose too confidently, upon some point, which I now
+    forget. He did not spare me. 'Nay, Sir, (said he,) if you cannot talk
+    better as a man, I'd have you bellow like a cow<a href="#note-1096">[1096]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    At Dr. Webster's, he said, that he believed hardly any man died without
+    affectation. This remark appears to me to be well founded, and will
+    account for many of the celebrated death-bed sayings which are
+    recorded<a href="#note-1097">[1097]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    On one of the evenings at my house, when he told that Lord Lovat boasted
+    to an English nobleman, that though he had not his wealth, he had two
+    thousand men whom he could at any time call into the field, the
+    Honourable Alexander Gordon observed, that those two thousand men
+    brought him to the block. 'True, Sir, (said Dr. Johnson:) but you may
+    just as well argue, concerning a man who has fallen over a precipice to
+    which he has walked too near,&mdash;"His two legs brought him to that," is he
+    not the better for having two legs?'
+</p>
+<p>
+    At Dr. Blair's I left him, in order to attend a consultation, during
+    which he and his amiable host were by themselves. I returned to supper,
+    at which were Principal Robertson, Mr. Nairne, and some other gentlemen.
+    Dr. Robertson and Dr. Blair, I remember, talked well upon
+    subordination<a href="#note-1098">[1098]</a> and government; and, as my friend and I were walking
+    home, he said to me, 'Sir, these two doctors are good men, and wise
+    men<a href="#note-1099">[1099]</a>.' I begged of Dr. Blair to recollect what he could of the long
+    conversation that passed between Dr. Johnson and him alone, this
+    evening, and he obligingly wrote to me as follows:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    '<i>March</i> 3, 1785.
+</p>
+<center>
+    'DEAR SIR,
+</center>
+<p>
+    '&mdash;As so many years have intervened, since I chanced to have that
+    conversation with Dr. Johnson in my house, to which you refer, I have
+    forgotten most of what then passed, but remember that I was both
+    instructed and entertained by it. Among other subjects, the discourse
+    happening to turn on modern Latin poets, the Dr. expressed a very
+    favourable opinion of Buchanan, and instantly repeated, from beginning
+    to end, an ode of his, intituled <i>Calendae Maiae</i>, (the eleventh in his
+    <i>Miscellaneorum Liber</i>), beginning with these words, '<i>Salvete sacris
+    deliciis sacrae</i>,' with which I had formerly been unacquainted; but upon
+    perusing it, the praise which he bestowed upon it, as one of the
+    happiest of Buchanan's poetical compositions, appeared to me very just.
+    He also repeated to me a Latin ode he had composed in one of the western
+    islands, from which he had lately returned. We had much discourse
+    concerning his excursion to those islands, with which he expressed
+    himself as having been highly pleased; talked in a favourable manner of
+    the hospitality of the inhabitants; and particularly spoke much of his
+    happiness in having you for his companion; and said, that the longer he
+    knew you, he loved and esteemed you the more. This conversation passed
+    in the interval between tea and supper, when we were by ourselves. You,
+    and the rest of the company who were with us at supper, have often taken
+    notice that he was uncommonly bland and gay that evening, and gave much
+    pleasure to all who were present. This is all that I can recollect
+    distinctly of that long conversation.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Your's sincerely,
+</p>
+<center>
+    'HUGH BLAIR.'
+</center>
+<p>
+    At Lord Hailes's, we spent a most agreeable day; but again I must lament
+    that I was so indolent as to let almost all that passed evaporate into
+    oblivion. Dr. Johnson observed there, that 'it is wonderful how ignorant
+    many officers of the army are, considering how much leisure they have
+    for study, and the acquisition of knowledge<a href="#note-1100">[1100]</a>.' I hope he was
+    mistaken; for he maintained that many of them were ignorant of things
+    belonging immediately to their own profession; 'for instance, many
+    cannot tell how far a musket will carry a bullet;' in proof of which, I
+    suppose, he mentioned some particular person, for Lord Hailes, from whom
+    I solicited what he could recollect of that day, writes to me as
+    follows:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'As to Dr. Johnson's observation about the ignorance of officers, in the
+    length that a musket will carry, my brother, Colonel Dalrymple, was
+    present, and he thought that the doctor was either mistaken, by putting
+    the question wrong, or that he had conversed on the subject with some
+    person out of service.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Was it upon that occasion that he expressed no curiosity to see the
+    room at Dumfermline, where Charles I. was born? "I know that he was
+    born, (said he;) no matter where."&mdash;Did he envy us the birth-place of
+    the king?'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Near the end of his <i>Journey</i>, Dr. Johnson has given liberal praise to
+    Mr. Braidwood's academy for the deaf and dumb<a href="#note-1101">[1101]</a>. When he visited it,
+    a circumstance occurred which was truly characteristical of our great
+    Lexicographer. 'Pray, (said he,) can they pronounce any <i>long</i> words?'
+    Mr. Braidwood informed him they could. Upon which Dr. Johnson wrote one
+    of his <i>sesquipedalia verba</i><a href="#note-1102">[1102]</a>, which was pronounced by the
+    scholars, and he was satisfied. My readers may perhaps wish to know what
+    the word was; but I cannot gratify their curiosity. Mr. Braidwood told
+    me, it remained long in his school, but had been lost before I made my
+    inquiry<a href="#note-1103">[1103]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson one day visited the Court of Session<a href="#note-1104">[1104]</a>. He thought the
+    mode of pleading there too vehement, and too much addressed to the
+    passions of the judges. 'This (said he) is not the Areopagus.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    At old Mr. Drummond's, Sir John Dalrymple quaintly said, the two noblest
+    animals in the world were, a Scotch Highlander and an English
+    sailor<a href="#note-1105">[1105]</a>. 'Why, Sir, (said Dr. Johnson,) I shall say nothing as to
+    the Scotch Highlander; but as to the English Sailor, I cannot agree with
+    you.' Sir John said, he was generous in giving away his money.' JOHNSON.
+    'Sir, he throws away his money, without thought, and without merit. I do
+    not call a tree generous, that sheds its fruit at every breeze.' Sir
+    John having affected to complain of the attacks made upon his
+    <i>Memoirs</i><a href="#note-1106">[1106]</a>, Dr. Johnson said, 'Nay, Sir, do not complain. It is
+    advantageous to an authour, that his book should be attacked as well as
+    praised. Fame is a shuttlecock. If it be struck only at one end of the
+    room, it will soon fall to the ground. To keep it up, it must be struck
+    at both ends<a href="#note-1107">[1107]</a>.' Often have I reflected on this since; and, instead
+    of being angry at many of those who have written against me, have smiled
+    to think that they were unintentionally subservient to my fame, by using
+    a battledoor to make me <i>virum volitare per ora</i><a href="#note-1108">[1108]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At Sir Alexander Dick's, from that absence of mind to which every man is
+    at times subject, I told, in a blundering manner, Lady Eglingtoune's
+    complimentary adoption of Dr. Johnson as her son; for I unfortunately
+    stated that her ladyship adopted him as her son, in consequence of her
+    having been married the year <i>after</i> he was born. Dr. Johnson instantly
+    corrected me. 'Sir, don't you perceive that you are defaming the
+    countess? For, supposing me to be her son, and that she was not married
+    till the year after my birth, I must have been her <i>natural</i> son.' A
+    young lady of quality, who was present, very handsomely said, 'Might not
+    the son have justified the fault?' My friend was much flattered by this
+    compliment, which he never forgot. When in more than ordinary spirits,
+    and talking of his journey in Scotland, he has called to me, 'Boswell,
+    what was it that the young lady of quality said of me at Sir Alexander
+    Dick's ?' Nobody will doubt that I was happy in repeating it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    My illustrious friend, being now desirous to be again in the great
+    theatre of life and animated exertion, took a place in the coach, which
+    was to set out for London on Monday the 22nd of November<a href="#note-1109">[1109]</a>. Sir John
+    Dalrymple pressed him to come on the Saturday before, to his house at
+    Cranston, which being twelve miles from Edinburgh, upon the middle road
+    to Newcastle, (Dr. Johnson had come to Edinburgh by Berwick, and along
+    the naked coast<a href="#note-1110">[1110]</a>,) it would make his journey easier, as the coach
+    would take him up at a more seasonable hour than that at which it sets
+    out. Sir John, I perceived, was ambitious of having such a guest; but,
+    as I was well assured, that at this very time he had joined with some of
+    his prejudiced countrymen in railing at Dr. Johnson<a href="#note-1111">[1111]</a>, and had said,
+    he 'wondered how any gentleman of Scotland could keep company with him,'
+    I thought he did not deserve the honour: yet, as it might be a
+    convenience to Dr. Johnson, I contrived that he should accept the
+    invitation, and engaged to conduct him. I resolved that, on our way to
+    Sir John's, we should make a little circuit by Roslin Castle, and
+    Hawthornden, and wished to set out soon after breakfast; but young Mr.
+    Tytler came to shew Dr. Johnson some essays which he had written; and my
+    great friend, who was exceedingly obliging when thus consulted<a href="#note-1112">[1112]</a>,
+    was detained so long, that it was, I believe, one o'clock before we got
+    into our post-chaise. I found that we should be too late for dinner at
+    Sir John Dalrymple's, to which we were engaged: but I would by no means
+    lose the pleasure of seeing my friend at Hawthornden,&mdash;of seeing <i>Sam
+    Johnson</i> at the very spot where <i>Ben Jonson</i> visited the learned and
+    poetical Drummond<a href="#note-1113">[1113]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We surveyed Roslin Castle, the romantick scene around it, and the
+    beautiful Gothick chapel<a href="#note-1114">[1114]</a>, and dined and drank tea at the inn;
+    after which we proceeded to Hawthornden, and viewed the caves; and I
+    all the while had <i>Rare Ben</i><a href="#note-1115">[1115]</a> in my mind, and was pleased to think
+    that this place was now visited by another celebrated wit of England.
+</p>
+<p>
+    By this time 'the waning night was growing old,' and we were yet several
+    miles from Sir John Dalrymple's. Dr. Johnson did not seem much troubled
+    at our having treated the baronet with so little attention to
+    politeness; but when I talked of the grievous disappointment it must
+    have been to him that we did not come to the <i>feast</i> that he had
+    prepared for us, (for he told us he had killed a seven-year old sheep on
+    purpose,) my friend got into a merry mood, and jocularly said, 'I dare
+    say, Sir, he has been very sadly distressed: Nay, we do not know but the
+    consequence may have been fatal. Let me try to describe his situation in
+    his own historical style, I have as good a right to make him think and
+    talk, as he has to tell us how people thought and talked a hundred years
+    ago, of which he has no evidence. All history, so far as it is not
+    supported by contemporary evidence, is romance<a href="#note-1116">[1116]</a>&mdash;Stay now.&mdash;Let us
+    consider!' He then (heartily laughing all the while) proceeded in his
+    imitation, I am sure to the following effect, though now, at the
+    distance of almost twelve years, I cannot pretend to recollect all the
+    precise words:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Dinner being ready, he wondered that his guests were not yet come.
+    His wonder was soon succeeded by impatience. He walked about the
+    room in anxious agitation; sometimes he looked at his watch, sometimes
+    he looked out at the window with an eager gaze of expectation,
+    and revolved in his mind the various accidents of human life. His
+    family beheld him with mute concern. "Surely (said he, with a sigh,)
+    they will not fail me." The mind of man can bear a certain pressure;
+    but there is a point when it can bear no more. A rope was in his view,
+    and he died a Roman death<a href="#note-1117">[1117]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    It was very late before we reached the seat of Sir John Dalrymple, who,
+    certainly with some reason, was not in very good humour. Our
+    conversation was not brilliant. We supped, and went to bed in ancient
+    rooms, which would have better suited the climate of Italy in summer,
+    than that of Scotland in the month of November.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I recollect no conversation of the next day, worth preserving, except
+    one saying of Dr. Johnson, which will be a valuable text for many decent
+    old dowagers, and other good company, in various circles to descant
+    upon. He said, 'I am sorry I have not learnt to play at cards. It is
+    very useful in life: it generates kindness, and consolidates
+    society<a href="#note-1118">[1118]</a>.' He certainly could not mean deep play.
+</p>
+<p>
+    My friend and I thought we should be more comfortable at the inn at
+    Blackshields, two miles farther on. We therefore went thither in the
+    evening, and he was very entertaining; but I have preserved nothing but
+    the pleasing remembrance, and his verses on George the Second and
+    Cibber<a href="#note-1119">[1119]</a>, and his epitaph on Parnell[1120], which he was then so
+    good as to dictate to me. We breakfasted together next morning, and then
+    the coach came, and took him up. He had, as one of his companions in it,
+    as far as Newcastle, the worthy and ingenious Dr. Hope, botanical
+    professor at Edinburgh. Both Dr. Johnson and he used to speak of their
+    good fortune in thus accidentally meeting; for they had much instructive
+    conversation, which is always a most valuable enjoyment, and, when found
+    where it is not expected, is peculiarly relished.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I have now completed my account of our Tour to the Hebrides. I have
+    brought Dr. Johnson down to Scotland, and seen him into the coach which
+    in a few hours carried him back into England. He said to me often, that
+    the time he spent in this Tour was the pleasantest part of his
+    life<a href="#note-1121">[1121]</a>, and asked me if I would lose the recollection of it for five
+    hundred pounds. I answered I would not; and he applauded my setting such
+    a value on an accession of new images in my mind<a href="#note-1122">[1122]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Had it not been for me, I am persuaded Dr. Johnson never would have
+    undertaken such a journey; and I must be allowed to assume some merit
+    from having been the cause that our language has been enriched with such
+    a book as that which he published on his return; a book which I never
+    read but with the utmost admiration, as I had such opportunities of
+    knowing from what very meagre materials it was composed.
+</p>
+<p>
+    But my praise may be supposed partial; and therefore I shall insert two
+    testimonies, not liable to that objection, both written by gentlemen of
+    Scotland, to whose opinions I am confident the highest respect will be
+    paid, Lord Hailes<a href="#note-1123">[1123]</a>, and Mr. Dempster[1124]. 'TO JAMES
+</p>
+<center>
+    BOSWELL, ESQ.
+</center>
+<center>
+    'SIR,
+</center>
+<p>
+    'I have received much pleasure and much instruction, from perusing <i>The
+    Journey to the Hebrides</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I admire the elegance and variety of description, and the lively
+    picture of men and manners. I always approve of the moral, often of the
+    political, reflections. I love the benevolence of the authour.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'They who search for faults, may possibly find them in this, as well as
+    in every other work of literature.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'For example, the friends of the old family say that <i>the aera of
+    planting</i> is placed too late, at the Union of the two kingdoms<a href="#note-1125">[1125]</a>. I
+    am known to be no friend of the old family; yet I would place the aera
+    of planting at the Restoration; after the murder of Charles I. had been
+    expiated in the anarchy which succeeded it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Before the Restoration, few trees were planted, unless by the
+    monastick drones: their successors, (and worthy patriots they were,) the
+    barons, first cut down the trees, and then sold the estates. The
+    gentleman at St. Andrews, who said that there were but two trees in
+    Fife<a href="#note-1126">[1126]</a>, ought to have added, that the elms of Balmerino[1127] were
+    sold within these twenty years, to make pumps for the fire-engines.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'In J. Major de <i>Gestis Scotorum</i>, L. i. C. 2. last edition, there is a
+    singular passage:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    '"Davidi Cranstoneo conterraneo, dum de prima theologiae licentia foret,
+    duo ei consocii et familiares, et mei cum eo in artibus auditores,
+    scilicet Jacobus Almain Senonensis, et Petrus Bruxcellensis,
+    Praedicatoris ordinis, in Sorbonae curia die Sorbonico commilitonibus
+    suis publice objecerunt, <i>quod pane avenaceo plebeii Scoti</i>, sicut a
+    quodam religioso intellexerant, <i>vescebantur, ut virum, quem cholericum
+    noverant, honestis salibus tentarent, qui hoc inficiari tanquam patriae
+    dedecus nisus est</i>."
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Pray introduce our countryman, Mr. Licentiate David Cranston, to
+    the acquaintance of Mr. Johnson.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'The syllogism seems to have been this:
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'They who feed on oatmeal are barbarians;
+      But the Scots feed on oatmeal:
+      Ergo&mdash;
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    The licentiate denied the <i>minor</i>,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     I am, Sir,
+     Your most obedient servant,
+    'DAV. DALRYMPLE.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Newhailes, 6th Feb. 1775.'
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     To JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ., EDINBURGH.
+     Dunnichen, 16th February, 1775.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<center>
+    'MY DEAR BOSWELL,
+</center>
+<p>
+    'I cannot omit a moment to return you my best thanks for the
+    entertainment you have furnished me, my family, and guests, by the
+    perusal of Dr. Johnson's <i>Journey to the Western Islands</i>; and now for
+    my sentiments of it. I was well entertained. His descriptions are
+    accurate and vivid. He carried me on the Tour along with him. I am
+    pleased with the justice he has done to your humour and vivacity. "The
+    noise of the wind being all its own," is a <i>bon-mot</i>, that it would have
+    been a pity to have omitted, and a robbery not to have ascribed to its
+    author<a href="#note-1128">[1128]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'There is nothing in the book, from beginning to end, that a Scotchman
+    need to take amiss<a href="#note-1129">[1129]</a>. What he says of the country is true, and his
+    observations on the people are what must naturally occur to a sensible,
+    observing, and reflecting inhabitant of a <i>convenient</i> Metropolis, where
+    a man on thirty pounds a year may be better accommodated with all the
+    little wants of life, than <i>Col.</i> or <i>Sir Allan</i>. He reasons candidly
+    about the <i>second sight</i>; but I wish he had enquired more, before he
+    ventured to say he even doubted of the possibility of such an unusual
+    and useless deviation from all the known laws of nature<a href="#note-1130">[1130]</a>. The
+    notion of the second sight I consider as a remnant of superstitious
+    ignorance and credulity, which a philosopher will set down as such, till
+    the contrary is clearly proved, and then it will be classed among the
+    other certain, though unaccountable parts of our nature, like
+    dreams<a href="#note-1131">[1131]</a>, and-I do not know what.  'In regard to the language, it
+    has the merit of being all his own. Many words of foreign extraction are
+    used, where, I believe, common ones would do as well, especially on
+    familiar occasions. Yet I believe he could not express himself so
+    forcibly in any other stile. I am charmed with his researches concerning
+    the Erse language, and the antiquity of their manuscripts. I am quite
+    convinced; and I shall rank <i>Ossian</i>, and his <i>Fingals</i> and <i>Oscars</i>,
+    amongst the Nursery Tales, not the true history of our country, in all
+    time to come.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Upon the whole, the book cannot displease, for it has no pretensions.
+    The author neither says he is a Geographer, nor an Antiquarian, nor very
+    learned in the History of Scotland, nor a Naturalist, nor a
+    Fossilist<a href="#note-1132">[1132]</a>. The manners of the people, and the face of the country,
+    are all he attempts to describe, or seems to have thought of. Much were
+    it to be wished, that they who have travelled into more remote, and of
+    course, more curious, regions, had all possessed his good sense. Of the
+    state of learning, his observations on Glasgow University<a href="#note-1133">[1133]</a> shew he
+    has formed a very sound judgement. He understands our climate too, and
+    he has accurately observed the changes, however slow and imperceptible
+    to us, which Scotland has undergone, in consequence of the blessings of
+    liberty and internal peace. I could have drawn my pen through the story
+    of the old woman at St. Andrews, being the only silly thing in the
+    book<a href="#note-1134">[1134]</a>. He has taken the opportunity of ingrafting into the work
+    several good observations, which I dare say he had made upon men and
+    things, before he set foot on Scotch ground, by which it is considerably
+    enriched<a href="#note-1135">[1135]</a>. A long journey, like a tall May-pole, though not very
+    beautiful itself, yet is pretty enough, when ornamented with flowers and
+    garlands; it furnishes a sort of cloak-pins for hanging the furniture of
+    your mind upon; and whoever sets out upon a journey, without furnishing
+    his mind previously with much study and useful knowledge, erects a
+    May-pole in December, and puts up very useless cloak-pins<a href="#note-1136">[1136]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I hope the book will induce many of his countrymen to make the same
+    jaunt, and help to intermix the more liberal part of them still more
+    with us, and perhaps abate somewhat of that virulent antipathy which
+    many of them entertain against the Scotch: who certainly would never
+    have formed those <i>combinations</i><a href="#note-1137">[1137]</a> which he takes notice of, more
+    than their ancestors, had they not been necessary for their mutual
+    safety, at least for their success, in a country where they are treated
+    as foreigners. They would find us not deficient, at least in point of
+    hospitality, and they would be ashamed ever after to abuse us in
+    the mass.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'So much for the Tour. I have now, for the first time in my life, passed
+    a winter in the country; and never did three months roll on with more
+    swiftness and satisfaction. I used not only to wonder at, but pity,
+    those whose lot condemned them to winter any where but in either of the
+    capitals. But every place has its charms to a cheerful mind. I am busy
+    planting and taking measures for opening the summer campaign in farming;
+    and I find I have an excellent resource, when revolutions in politicks
+    perhaps, and revolutions of the sun for certain, will make it decent for
+    me to retreat behind the ranks of the more forward in life.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I am glad to hear the last was a very busy week with you. I see you as
+    counsel in some causes which must have opened a charming field for your
+    humourous vein. As it is more uncommon, so I verily believe it is more
+    useful than the more serious exercise of reason; and, to a man who is to
+    appear in publick, more eclat is to be gained, sometimes more money too,
+    by a <i>bon-mot</i>, than a learned speech. It is the fund of natural humour
+    which Lord North possesses, that makes him so much the favourite of the
+    house, and so able, because so amiable, a leader of a party<a href="#note-1138">[1138]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I have now finished <i>my</i> Tour of <i>Seven Pages</i>. In what remains, I beg
+    leave to offer my compliments, and those of <i>ma tres chere femme</i>, to
+    you and Mrs. Boswell. Pray unbend the busy brow, and frolick a little in
+    a letter to,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'My dear Boswell,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Your affectionate friend,
+</p>
+<center>
+    'GEORGE DEMPSTER<a href="#note-1139">[1139]</a>.'
+</center>
+<p>
+    I shall also present the publick with a correspondence with the Laird
+    of Rasay, concerning a passage in the <i>Journey to the</i> Western Islands,
+    which shews Dr. Johnson in a very amiable light.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'To JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Rasay, April 10th, 1775.
+</p>
+<center>
+    'DEAR SIR,
+</center>
+<p>
+    'I take this occasion of returning you my most hearty thanks for the
+    civilities shewn to my daughter by you and Mrs. Boswell. Yet, though she
+    has informed me that I am under this obligation, I should very probably
+    have deferred troubling you with making my acknowledgments at present,
+    if I had not seen Dr. Johnson's <i>Journey to the Western Isles</i>, in which
+    he has been pleased to make a very friendly mention of my family, for
+    which I am surely obliged to him, as being more than an equivalent for
+    the reception you and he met with. Yet there is one paragraph I should
+    have been glad he had omitted, which I am sure was owing to
+    misinformation; that is, that I had acknowledged McLeod to be my chief,
+    though my ancestors disputed the pre-eminence for a long tract of time.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I never had occasion to enter seriously on this argument with the
+    present laird or his grandfather, nor could I have any temptation to
+    such a renunciation from either of them. I acknowledge, the benefit of
+    being chief of a clan is in our days of very little significancy, and to
+    trace out the progress of this honour to the founder of a family, of any
+    standing, would perhaps be a matter of some difficulty.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'The true state of the present case is this: the McLeod family consists
+    of two different branches; the M'Leods of Lewis, of which I am
+    descended, and the M'Leods of Harris. And though the former have lost a
+    very extensive estate by forfeiture in king James the Sixth's time,
+    there are still several respectable families of it existing, who would
+    justly blame me for such an unmeaning cession, when they all acknowledge
+    me head of that family; which though in fact it be but an ideal point of
+    honour, is not hitherto so far disregarded in our country, but it would
+    determine some of my friends to look on me as a much smaller man than
+    either they or myself judge me at present to be. I will, therefore, ask
+    it as a favour of you to acquaint the Doctor with the difficulty he has
+    brought me to. In travelling among rival clans, such a silly tale as
+    this might easily be whispered into the ear of a passing stranger; but
+    as it has no foundation in fact, I hope the Doctor will be so good as to
+    take his own way in undeceiving the publick, I principally mean my
+    friends and connections, who will be first angry at me, and next sorry
+    to find such an instance of my littleness recorded in a book which has a
+    very fair chance of being much read. I expect you will let me know what
+    he will write you in return, and we here beg to make offer to you and
+    Mrs. Boswell of our most respectful compliments.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I am,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Dear Sir,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Your most obedient humble servant,
+</p>
+<center>
+    'JOHN M'LEOD.'
+</center>
+<hr>
+<center>
+    'TO THE LAIRD OF RASAY.
+</center>
+<p>
+    'London, May 8, 1775.
+</p>
+<center>
+    'DEAR SIR,
+</center>
+<p>
+    'The day before yesterday I had the honour to receive your letter, and I
+    immediately communicated it to Dr. Johnson. He said he loved your
+    spirit, and was exceedingly sorry that he had been the cause of the
+    smallest uneasiness to you. There is not a more candid man in the world
+    than he is, when properly addressed, as you will see from his letter to
+    you, which I now enclose. He has allowed me to take a copy of it, and he
+    says you may read it to your clan, or publish it if you please. Be
+    assured, Sir, that I shall take care of what he has entrusted to me,
+    which is to have an acknowledgement of his errour inserted in the
+    Edinburgh newspapers. You will, I dare say, be fully satisfied with Dr.
+    Johnson's behaviour. He is desirous to know that you are; and therefore
+    when you have read his acknowledgement in the papers, I beg you may
+    write to me; and if you choose it, I am persuaded a letter from you to
+    the Doctor also will be taken kind. I shall be at Edinburgh the week
+    after next.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Any civilities which my wife and I had in our power to shew to your
+    daughter, Miss M'Leod, were due to her own merit, and were well repaid
+    by her agreeable company. But I am sure I should be a very unworthy man
+    if I did not wish to shew a grateful sense of the hospitable and genteel
+    manner in which you were pleased to treat me. Be assured, my dear Sir,
+    that I shall never forget your goodness, and the happy hours which I
+    spent in Rasay.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'You and Dr. M'Leod were both so obliging as to promise me an account in
+    writing, of all the particulars which each of you remember, concerning
+    the transactions of 1745-6. Pray do not forget this, and be as minute
+    and full as you can; put down every thing; I have a great curiosity to
+    know as much as I can, authentically.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I beg that you may present my best respects to Lady Rasay, my
+    compliments to your young family, and to Dr. M'Leod; and my hearty good
+    wishes to Malcolm, with whom I hope again to shake hands cordially. I
+    have the honour to be,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Dear Sir,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Your obliged and faithful humble servant,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'JAMES BOSWELL.'  ADVERTISEMENT, written by Dr. Johnson, and inserted
+    by his desire in the Edinburgh newspapers:&mdash;Referred to in the foregoing
+    letter<a href="#note-1140">[1140]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>'THE authour of the</i> Journey to the Western Islands, <i>having related
+    that the M'Leods of Rasay acknowledge the chieftainship or superiority
+    of the M'Leods of Sky, finds that he has been misinformed or mistaken.
+    He means in a future edition to correct his errour<a href="#note-1141">[1141]</a>, and wishes to
+    be told of more, if more have been discovered.'</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson's letter was as follows:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'To THE LAIRD OF RASAY.
+</p>
+<center>
+    'DEAR SIR,
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Mr. Boswell has this day shewn me a letter, in which you complain of a
+    passage in <i>The Journey to the Hebrides.</i> My meaning is mistaken. I did
+    not intend to say that you had personally made any cession of the rights
+    of your house, or any acknowledgement of the superiority of M'Leod of
+    Dunvegan. I only designed to express what I thought generally
+    admitted,&mdash;that the house of Rasay allowed the superiority of the house
+    of Dunvegan. Even this I now find to be erroneous, and will therefore
+    omit or retract it in the next edition.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Though what I had said had been true, if it had been disagreeable to
+    you, I should have wished it unsaid; for it is not my business to adjust
+    precedence. As it is mistaken, I find myself disposed to correct, both
+    by my respect for you, and my reverence for truth.  'As I know not when
+    the book will be reprinted, I have desired Mr. Boswell to anticipate the
+    correction in the Edinburgh papers. This is all that can be done.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I hope I may now venture to desire that my compliments may be made, and
+    my gratitude expressed, to Lady Rasay, Mr. Malcolm M'Leod, Mr. Donald
+    M'Queen, and all the gentlemen and all the ladies whom I saw in the
+    island of Rasay; a place which I remember with too much pleasure and too
+    much kindness, not to be sorry that my ignorance, or hasty persuasion,
+    should, for a single moment, have violated its tranquillity.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I beg you all to forgive an undesigned and involuntary injury, and to
+    consider me as,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Sir, your most obliged,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'And most humble servant,
+</p>
+<center>
+    'SAM. JOHNSON<a href="#note-1142">[1142]</a>.'
+</center>
+<p>
+    'London, May 6, 1775.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    It would be improper for me to boast of my own labours; but I cannot
+    refrain from publishing such praise as I received from such a man as Sir
+    William Forbes, of Pitsligo, after the perusal of the original
+    manuscript of my <i>Journal</i><a href="#note-1143">[1143]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'To JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Edinburgh, March 7, 1777.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'My DEAR SIR,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I ought to have thanked you sooner, for your very obliging letter, and
+    for the singular confidence you are pleased to place in me, when you
+    trust me with such a curious and valuable deposit as the papers you
+    have sent me<a href="#note-1144">[1144]</a>. Be assured I have a due sense of this favour, and
+    shall faithfully and carefully return them to you. You may rely that I
+    shall neither copy any part, nor permit the papers to be seen.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'They contain a curious picture of society, and form a journal on the
+    most instructive plan that can possibly be thought of; for I am not sure
+    that an ordinary observer would become so well acquainted either with
+    Dr. Johnson, or with the manners of the Hebrides, by a personal
+    intercourse, as by a perusal of your <i>Journal</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I am, very truly,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Dear Sir,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Your most obedient,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'And affectionate humble servant,
+</p>
+<center>
+    'WILLIAM FORBES.'
+</center>
+<p>
+    When I consider how many of the persons mentioned in this Tour
+    are now gone to 'that undiscovered country, from whose bourne no
+    traveller returns<a href="#note-1145">[1145]</a>,' I feel an impression at once awful and
+    tender.&mdash;<i>Requiescant in pace!</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    It may be objected by some persons, as it has been by one of my friends,
+    that he who has the power of thus exhibiting an exact transcript of
+    conversations is not a desirable member of society. I repeat the answer
+    which I made to that friend:&mdash;'Few, very few, need be afraid that their
+    sayings will be recorded. Can it be imagined that I would take the
+    trouble to gather what grows on every hedge, because I have collected
+    such fruits as the <i>Nonpareil</i> and the BON CHRETIEN<a href="#note-1146">[1146]</a>?'
+</p>
+<p>
+    On the other hand, how useful is such a faculty, if well exercised! To
+    it we owe all those interesting apophthegms and <i>memorabilia</i> of the
+    ancients, which Plutarch, Xenophon, and Valerius Maximus, have
+    transmitted to us. To it we owe all those instructive and entertaining
+    collections which the French have made under the title of <i>Ana</i>, affixed
+    to some celebrated name. To it we owe the <i>Table-Talk</i> of Selden<a href="#note-1147">[1147]</a>,
+    the <i>Conversation</i> between Ben Jonson and Drummond of Hawthornden,
+    Spence's <i>Anecdotes</i> of Pope<a href="#note-1148">[1148]</a>, and other valuable remains in our
+    own language. How delighted should we have been, if thus introduced into
+    the company of Shakspeare and of Dryden<a href="#note-1149">[1149]</a>, of whom we know scarcely
+    any thing but their admirable writings! What pleasure would it have
+    given us, to have known their petty habits, their characteristick
+    manners, their modes of composition, and their genuine opinion of
+    preceding writers and of their contemporaries! All these are now
+    irrecoverably lost. Considering how many of the strongest and most
+    brilliant effusions of exalted intellect must have perished, how much is
+    it to be regretted that all men of distinguished wisdom and wit have not
+    been attended by friends, of taste enough to relish, and abilities
+    enough to register their conversation;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Vixere fortes ante Agamemnona
+      Multi, sed omnes illacrymabiles
+      Urgentur, ignotique longa
+      Nocte, carent quia vate sacro<a href="#note-1150">[1150]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    They whose inferiour exertions are recorded, as serving to explain or
+    illustrate the sayings of such men, may be proud of being thus
+    associated, and of their names being transmitted to posterity, by being
+    appended to an illustrious character.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Before I conclude, I think it proper to say, that I have
+    suppressed<a href="#note-1151">[1151]</a> every thing which I thought could <i>really</i> hurt any
+    one now living. Vanity and self-conceit indeed may sometimes suffer.
+    With respect to what <i>is</i> related, I considered it my duty to 'extenuate
+    nothing, nor set down aught in malice<a href="#note-1152">[1152]</a>;' and with those lighter
+    strokes of Dr. Johnson's satire, proceeding from a warmth and quickness
+    of imagination, not from any malevolence of heart, and which, on account
+    of their excellence, could not be omitted, I trust that they who are the
+    subject of them have good sense and good temper enough not to be
+    displeased.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I have only to add, that I shall ever reflect with great pleasure on a
+    Tour, which has been the means of preserving so much of the enlightened
+    and instructive conversation of one whose virtues will, I hope, ever be
+    an object of imitation, and whose powers of mind were so extraordinary,
+    that ages may revolve before such a man shall again appear.
+</p>
+<a name="2HAPP94"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    APPENDIX.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    No. I.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>In justice to the ingenious</i> DR. BLACKLOCK, <i>I publish the following
+    letter from him, relative to a passage in p. 47.</i>
+</p>
+<center>
+    'TO JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ.
+</center>
+<center>
+    'DEAR SIR,
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Having lately had the pleasure of reading your account of the journey
+    which you took with Dr. Samuel Johnson to the Western Isles, I take the
+    liberty of transmitting my ideas of the conversation which happened
+    between the doctor and myself concerning Lexicography and Poetry, which,
+    as it is a little different from the delineation exhibited in the former
+    edition of your <i>Journal</i>, cannot, I hope, be unacceptable; particularly
+    since I have been informed that a second edition of that work is now in
+    contemplation, if not in execution: and I am still more strongly tempted
+    to encourage that hope, from considering that, if every one concerned in
+    the conversations related, were to send you what they can recollect of
+    these colloquial entertainments, many curious and interesting
+    particulars might be recovered, which the most assiduous attention could
+    not observe, nor the most tenacious memory retain. A little reflection,
+    Sir, will convince you, that there is not an axiom in Euclid more
+    intuitive nor more evident than the doctor's assertion that poetry was
+    of much easier execution than lexicography. Any mind therefore endowed
+    with common sense, must have been extremely absent from itself, if it
+    discovered the least astonishment from hearing that a poem might be
+    written with much more facility than the same quantity of a dictionary.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'The real cause of my surprise was what appeared to me much more
+    paradoxical, that he could write a sheet of dictionary <i>with as much
+    pleasure</i> as a sheet of poetry. He acknowledged, indeed, that the latter
+    was much easier than the former. For in the one case, books and a desk
+    were requisite; in the other, you might compose when lying in bed, or
+    walking in the fields, &amp;c. He did not, however, descend to explain, nor
+    to this moment can I comprehend, how the labours of a mere Philologist,
+    in the most refined sense of that term, could give equal pleasure with
+    the exercise of a mind replete with elevated conceptions and pathetic
+    ideas, while taste, fancy, and intellect were deeply enamoured of
+    nature, and in full exertion. You may likewise, perhaps, remember, that
+    when I complained of the ground which Scepticism in religion and morals
+    was continually gaining, it did not appear to be on my own account, as
+    my private opinions upon these important subjects had long been
+    inflexibly determined. What I then deplored, and still deplore, was the
+    unhappy influence which that gloomy hesitation had, not only upon
+    particular characters, but even upon life in general; as being equally
+    the bane of action in our present state, and of such consolations as we
+    might derive from the hopes of a future.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I have the pleasure of remaining with sincere esteem and respect,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Dear Sir,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Your most obedient humble servant,
+</p>
+<center>
+    'THOMAS BLACKLOCK.'
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Edinburgh, Nov. 12, 1785.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I am very happy to find that Dr. Blacklock's apparent uneasiness on the
+    subject of Scepticism was not on his own account, (as I supposed) but
+    from a benevolent concern for the happiness of mankind. With respect,
+    however, to the question concerning poetry, and composing a dictionary,
+    I am confident that my state of Dr. Johnson's position is accurate. One
+    may misconceive the motive by which a person is induced to discuss a
+    particular topick (as in the case of Dr. Blacklock's speaking of
+    Scepticism); but an assertion, like that made by Dr. Johnson, cannot be
+    easily mistaken. And indeed it seems not very probable, that he who so
+    pathetically laments the <i>drudgery</i><a href="#note-1153">[1153]</a> to which the unhappy
+    lexicographer is doomed, and is known to have written his splendid
+    imitation of <i>Juvenal</i> with astonishing rapidity<a href="#note-1154">[1154]</a>, should have had
+    'as much pleasure in writing a sheet of a dictionary as a sheet of
+    poetry<a href="#note-1155">[1155]</a>.' Nor can I concur with the ingenious writer of the
+    foregoing letter, in thinking it an axiom as evident as any in Euclid,
+    that 'poetry is of easier execution than lexicography.' I have no doubt
+    that Bailey<a href="#note-1156">[1156]</a>, and the 'mighty blunderbuss of law[1157],' Jacob,
+    wrote ten pages of their respective <i>Dictionaries</i> with more ease than
+    they could have written five pages of poetry.
+</p>
+<p>
+    If this book should again be reprinted, I shall with the utmost
+    readiness correct any errours I may have committed, in stating
+    conversations, provided it can be clearly shewn to me that I have been
+    inaccurate. But I am slow to believe, (as I have elsewhere
+    observed<a href="#note-1158">[1158]</a>) that any man's memory, at the distance of several years,
+    can preserve facts or sayings with such fidelity as may be done by
+    writing them down when they are recent: and I beg it may be remembered,
+    that it is not upon <i>memory</i>, but upon what was <i>written at the time</i>,
+    that the authenticity of my <i>Journal</i> rests.
+</p>
+<hr>
+<p>
+    No. II.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Verses written by Sir Alexander (now Lord) Macdonald; addressed and
+    presented to Dr. Johnson, at Armidale in the Isle of Sky<a href="#note-1159">[1159]</a>.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Viator, o qui nostra per aequora
+     Visurus agros Skiaticos venis,
+       En te salutantes tributim
+         Undique conglomerantur oris.
+
+     Donaldiani,&mdash;quotquot in insulis
+     Compescit arctis limitibus mare;
+       Alitque jamdudum, ac alendos
+         Piscibus indigenas fovebit.
+
+     Ciere fluctus siste, Procelliger,
+     Nec tu laborans perge, precor, ratis,
+       Ne conjugem plangat marita,
+         Ne doleat soboles parentem.
+
+     Nec te vicissim poeniteat virum
+     Luxisse;&mdash;vestro scimus ut aestuant
+       In corde luctantes dolores,
+         Cum feriant inopina corpus.
+
+     Quidni! peremptum clade tuentibus
+     Plus semper illo qui moritur pati
+       Datur, doloris dum profundos
+         Pervia mens aperit recessus.
+
+     Valete luctus;&mdash;hinc lacrymabiles
+     Arcete visus:&mdash;ibimus, ibimus
+       Superbienti qua theatro
+         Fingaliae memorantur aulae.
+
+     Illustris hospes! mox spatiabere
+     Qua mens ruinae ducta meatibus
+       Gaudebit explorare coetus,
+         Buccina qua cecinit triumphos;
+
+     Audin? resurgens spirat anhelitu
+     Dux usitato, suscitat efficax
+       Poeta manes, ingruitque
+         Vi solitâ redivivus horror.
+
+     Ahaena quassans tela gravi manu
+     Sic ibat atrox Ossiani pater:
+       Quiescat urnâ, stet fidelis
+         Phersonius vigil ad favillam.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<a name="2H_4_95"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    <i>Preparing for the Press, in one Volume Quarto</i>,
+</h2>
+<center>
+    THE LIFE OF SAMUEL JOHNSON, LL.D.
+</center>
+<center>
+    BY <i>JAMES BOSWELL</i>, ESQ.
+</center>
+<p>
+    Mr. Boswell has been collecting materials for this work for more than
+    twenty years, during which he was honoured with the intimate friendship
+    of Dr. Johnson; to whose memory he is ambitious to erect a literary
+    monument, worthy of so great an authour, and so excellent a man. Dr.
+    Johnson was well informed of his design, and obligingly communicated to
+    him several curious particulars. With these will be interwoven the most
+    authentick accounts that can be obtained from those who knew him best;
+    many sketches of his conversation on a multiplicity of subjects, with
+    various persons, some of them the most eminent of the age; a great
+    number of letters from him at different periods, and several original
+    pieces dictated by him to Mr. Boswell, distinguished by that peculiar
+    energy, which marked every emanation of his mind.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Boswell takes this opportunity of gratefully acknowledging the many
+    valuable communications which he has received to enable him to render
+    his <i>Life of Dr. Johnson</i> more complete. His thanks are particularly due
+    to the Rev. Dr. Adams, the Rev. Dr. Taylor, Sir Joshua Reynolds, Mr.
+    Langton, Dr. Brocklesby, the Rev. Thomas Warton, Mr. Hector of
+    Birmingham, Mrs. Porter, and Miss Seward.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He has already obtained a large collection of Dr. Johnson's letters to
+    his friends, and shall be much obliged for such others as yet remain in
+    private hands; which he is the more desirous of collecting, as all the
+    letters of that great man, which he has yet seen, are written with
+    peculiar precision and elegance; and he is confident that the
+    publication of the whole of Dr. Johnson's epistolary correspondence
+    will do him the highest honour.
+</p>
+<a name="2HAPP96"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    APPENDIX A.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    (<i>Page</i> 80.)
+</p>
+<p>
+    As no one reads Warburton now&mdash;I bought the five volumes of his
+    <i>Divine Legation</i> in excellent condition, bound in calf, for ten pence&mdash;one
+    or two extracts from his writing may be of interest. His Dedication
+    of that work to the Free-Thinkers is as vigorous as it is abusive. It has
+    such passages as the following:&mdash;'Low and mean as your buffoonery is,
+    it is yet to the level of the people:' p. xi. 'I have now done with
+    your buffoonery, which, like chewed bullets, is against the law of arms;
+    and come next to your scurrilities, those stink-pots of your offensive
+    war.' <i>Ib. p. xxii</i>. On page xl. he returns again to their '<i>cold</i>
+    buffoonery.' In the Appendix to vol. v, p. 414, he thus wittily replies
+    to Lowth, who had maintained that 'idolatry was punished under the
+    DOMINION of Melchisedec'(p. 409):&mdash;'Melchisedec's story is a short
+    one; he is just brought into the scene to <i>bless</i> Abraham in his return
+    from conquest. This promises but ill. Had this <i>King and Priest of
+    Salem</i> been brought in <i>cursing</i>, it had had a better appearance: for, I
+    think, punishment for opinions which generally ends in a <i>fagot</i> always
+    begins with a <i>curse</i>. But we may be misled perhaps by a wrong translation.
+    The Hebrew word to <i>bless</i> signifies likewise to <i>curse</i>, and under
+    the management of an intolerant priest good things easily run into their
+    contraries. What follows is his taking <i>tythes</i> from Abraham. Nor will
+    this serve our purpose, unless we interpret these <i>tythes</i> into <i>fines for
+    non-conformity</i>; and then by the <i>blessing</i> we can easily understand
+    <i>absolution</i>. We have seen much stranger things done with the <i>Hebrew
+    verity</i>. If this be not allowed, I do not see how we can elicit fire and
+    fagot from this adventure; for I think there is no inseparable connexion
+    between <i>tythes</i> and <i>persecution</i> but in the ideas of a Quaker.&mdash;And
+    so much for King Melchisedec. But the learned <i>Professor</i>, who
+    has been hardily brought up in the keen atmosphere of WHOLESOME
+    SEVERITIES and early taught to distinguish between <i>de facto</i> and <i>de
+    jure</i>, thought it 'needless to enquire into <i>facts</i>, when he was secure
+    of the <i>right</i>'.
+</p>
+<p>
+    This 'keen atmosphere of wholesome severities' reappears by the
+    way in Mason's continuation of Gray's Ode to Vicissitude:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'That breathes the keen yet wholesome air
+      Of rugged penury.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    And later in the first book of Wordsworth's <i>Excursion</i>
+    (ed. 1857, vi. 29):&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'The keen, the wholesome air of poverty.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Johnson said of Warburton: 'His abilities gave him an haughty confidence,
+    which he disdained to conceal or mollify; and his impatience
+    of opposition disposed him to treat his adversaries with such contemptuous
+    superiority as made his readers commonly his enemies, and
+    excited against the advocate the wishes of some who favoured the cause.
+    He seems to have adopted the Roman Emperour's determination,
+    <i>oderint dum metuant</i>; he used no allurements of gentle language, but
+    wished to compel rather than persuade.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, viii. 288.
+    See <i>ante</i>, ii. 36, and iv. 46.
+</p>
+<hr>
+<a name="2HAPP97"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    APPENDIX B.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    (<i>Page</i> 158.)
+</p>
+<p>
+    Johnson's Ode written in Sky was thus translated by Lord
+    Houghton:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Where constant mist enshrouds the rocks,
+      Shattered in earth's primeval shocks,
+      And niggard Nature ever mocks
+                The labourer's toil,
+      I roam through clans of savage men,
+      Untamed by arts, untaught by pen;
+      Or cower within some squalid den
+                O'er reeking soil.
+
+      Through paths that halt from stone to stone,
+      Amid the din of tongues unknown,
+      One image haunts my soul alone,
+                Thine, gentle Thrale!
+      Soothes she, I ask, her spouse's care?
+      Does mother-love its charge prepare?
+      Stores she her mind with knowledge rare,
+                Or lively tale?
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+Forget me not! thy faith I claim,
+      Holding a faith that cannot die,
+      That fills with thy benignant name
+                These shores of Sky.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Hayward's <i>Piozzi</i>, i. 29.
+</p>
+<hr>
+<a name="2HAPP98"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    APPENDIX C.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    (<i>Page</i> 307.)
+</p>
+<p>
+    Johnson's use of the word <i>big</i>, where he says 'I wish thy books were
+    twice as big,' enables me to explain a passage in <i>The Life of Johnson
+    (ante</i>, iii. 348) which had long puzzled me. Boswell there represents
+    him as saying:&mdash;'A man who loses at play, or who runs out his fortune at
+    court, makes his estate less, in hopes of making it <i>bigger</i>.' Boswell
+    adds in a parenthesis:&mdash;'I am sure of this word, which was often used by
+    him.' He had been criticised by a writer in the <i>Gent. Mag</i>. 1785, p.
+    968, who quoting from the text the words 'a <i>big</i> book,' says:&mdash;'Mr.
+    Boswell has made his friend (as in a few other passages) guilty of a
+    <i>Scotticism</i>. An Englishman reads and writes a <i>large</i> book, and wears a
+    <i>great</i> (not a <i>big</i> or <i>bag</i>) coat.' When Boswell came to publish <i>The
+    Life of Johnson</i>, he took the opportunity to justify himself, though he
+    did not care to refer directly to his anonymous critic. This
+    explanation I discovered too late to insert in the text.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_99"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    A JOURNEY
+</h2>
+<center>
+    INTO
+</center>
+<center>
+    NORTH WALES,
+</center>
+<center>
+    IN
+</center>
+<center>
+    THE YEAR 1774.<a href="#note-1160">[1160]</a>
+</center>
+<center>
+    TUESDAY, JULY 5.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We left Streatham 11 a.m.
+    Price of four horses 2s. a mile.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 6.
+</center>
+<p>
+    Barnet 1.40 p.m.
+    On the road I read Tully's <i>Epistles</i>.
+    At night at Dunstable.
+    To Lichfield, 83 miles.
+    To the Swan<a href="#note-1161">[1161]</a>.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 7.
+</center>
+<p>
+    To Mrs. Porter's<a href="#note-1162">[1162]</a>.
+    To the Cathedral.
+    To Mrs. Aston's.
+    To Mr. Green's.
+    Mr. Green's Museum was much admired, and
+    Mr. Newton's china.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 8.
+</center>
+<p>
+    To Mr. Newton's. To Mrs. Cobb's.
+    Dr. Darwin's<a href="#note-1163">[1163]</a>. I went again to Mrs. Aston's. She was sorry to part.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 9.
+</center>
+<p>
+    Breakfasted at Mr. Garrick's.
+    Visited Miss Vyse<a href="#note-1164">[1164]</a>.
+    Miss Seward.
+    Went to Dr. Taylor's.
+    I read a little on the road in Tully's <i>Epistles</i> and <i>Martial</i>.
+    Mart. 8th, 44, 'lino pro limo<a href="#note-1165">[1165]</a>.'
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 10.
+</center>
+<p>
+    Morning, at church. Company at dinner.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 11.
+</center>
+<p>
+    At Ham<a href="#note-1166">[1166]</a>. At Oakover. I was less pleased with Ham than when I saw it
+    first, but my friends were much delighted.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 12.
+</center>
+<p>
+    At Chatsworth. The Water willow. The cascade shot out from many spouts.
+    The fountains<a href="#note-1167">[1167]</a>. The water tree[1168]. The smooth floors in the
+    highest rooms. Atlas, fifteen hands inch and half<a href="#note-1169">[1169]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    River running through the park. The porticoes on the sides support two
+    galleries for the first floor.
+</p>
+<p>
+    My friends were not struck with the house. It fell below my ideas of the
+    furniture. The staircase is in the corner of the house. The hall in the
+    corner the grandest room, though only a room of passage.
+</p>
+<p>
+    On the ground-floor, only the chapel and breakfast-room, and a small
+    library; the rest, servants' rooms and offices<a href="#note-1170">[1170]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    A bad inn.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 13.
+</center>
+<p>
+    At Matlock.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 14.
+</center>
+<p>
+    At dinner at Oakover; too deaf to hear, or much converse. Mrs. Gell.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The chapel at Oakover. The wood of the pews grossly painted. I could not
+    read the epitaph. Would learn the old hands.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 15.
+</center>
+<p>
+    At Ashbourn. Mrs. Diot and her daughters came in the morning. Mr. Diot
+    dined with us. We visited Mr. Flint.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     [Greek: To proton Moros, to de deuteron ei en Erasmos,
+     To triton ek Mouson stemma Mikullos echei.][1171]
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<center>
+    JULY 16.
+</center>
+<p>
+    At Dovedale, with Mr. Langley<a href="#note-1172">[1172]</a> and Mr. Flint. It is a place that
+    deserves a visit; but did not answer my expectation. The river is small,
+    the rocks are grand. Reynard's Hall is a cave very high in the rock; it
+    goes backward several yards, perhaps eight. To the left is a small
+    opening, through which I crept, and found another cavern, perhaps four
+    yards square; at the back was a breach yet smaller, which I could not
+    easily have entered, and, wanting light, did not inspect.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I was in a cave yet higher, called Reynard's Kitchen. There is a rock
+    called the Church, in which I saw no resemblance that could justify
+    the name.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dovedale is about two miles long. We walked towards the head of the
+    Dove, which is said to rise about five miles above two caves called the
+    Dog-holes, at the end of Dovedale.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In one place, where the rocks approached, I proposed to build an arch
+    from rock to rock over the stream, with a summer-house upon it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The water murmured pleasantly among the stones.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I thought that the heat and exercise mended my hearing. I bore the
+    fatigue of the walk, which was very laborious, without inconvenience.
+</p>
+<p>
+    There were with us Gilpin<a href="#note-1173">[1173]</a> and Parker[1174]. Having heard of this
+    place before, I had formed some imperfect idea, to which it did not
+    answer. Brown<a href="#note-1175">[1175]</a> says he was disappointed. I certainly expected a
+    larger river where I found only a clear quick brook. I believe I had
+    imaged a valley enclosed by rocks, and terminated by a broad expanse
+    of water.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He that has seen Dovedale has no need to visit the Highlands.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the afternoon we visited old Mrs. Dale.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 17.
+</center>
+<p>
+    Sunday morning, at church.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Afternoon, at Mr. Diot's.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 18.
+</center>
+<p>
+    Dined at Mr. Gell's<a href="#note-1176">[1176]</a>.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 19.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We went to Kedleston<a href="#note-1177">[1177]</a> to see Lord Scarsdale's new house, which is
+    very costly, but ill contrived. The hall is very stately, lighted by
+    three skylights; it has two rows of marble pillars, dug, as I hear from
+    Langley, in a quarry of Northamptonshire; the pillars are very large and
+    massy, and take up too much room; they were better away. Behind the hall
+    is a circular saloon, useless, and therefore ill contrived.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The corridors that join the wings to the body are mere passages through
+    segments of circles. The state bed-chamber was very richly furnished.
+    The dining parlour was more splendid with gilt plate than any that I
+    have seen. There were many pictures. The grandeur was all below. The
+    bedchambers were small, low, dark, and fitter for a prison than a house
+    of splendour. The kitchen has an opening into the gallery, by which its
+    heat and its fumes are dispersed over the house. There seemed in the
+    whole more cost than judgment.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We went then to the silk mill at Derby<a href="#note-1178">[1178]</a>, where I remarked a
+    particular manner of propagating motion from a horizontal to a
+    vertical wheel.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We were desired to leave the men only two shillings. Mr. Thrale's bill
+    at the inn for dinner was eighteen shillings and tenpence.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At night I went to Mr. Langley's, Mrs. Wood's, Captain Astle, &amp;c.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 20.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We left Ashbourn and went to Buxton, thence to Pool's Hole, which is
+    narrow at first, but then rises into a high arch; but is so obstructed
+    with crags, that it is difficult to walk in it. There are two ways to
+    the end, which is, they say, six hundred and fifty yards from the mouth.
+    They take passengers up the higher way, and bring them back the lower.
+    The higher way was so difficult and dangerous, that, having tried it, I
+    desisted. I found no level part.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At night we came to Macclesfield, a very large town in Cheshire, little
+    known. It has a silk mill: it has a handsome church, which, however, is
+    but a chapel, for the town belongs to some parish of another name<a href="#note-1179">[1179]</a>,
+    as Stourbridge lately did to Old Swinford.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Macclesfield has a town-hall, and is, I suppose, a corporate town.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 21.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We came to Congleton, where there is likewise a silk mill. Then to
+    Middlewich, a mean old town, without any manufacture, but, I think, a
+    Corporation. Thence we proceeded to Namptwich, an old town: from the
+    inn, I saw scarcely any but black timber houses. I tasted the brine
+    water, which contains much more salt than the sea water. By slow
+    evaporation, they make large crystals of salt; by quick boiling, small
+    granulations. It seemed to have no other preparation.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At evening we came to Combermere<a href="#note-1180">[1180]</a>, so called from a wide lake.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 22.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We went upon the Mere. I pulled a bulrush of about ten feet. I saw no
+    convenient boats upon the Mere.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 23.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We visited Lord Kilmorey's house<a href="#note-1181">[1181]</a>. It is large and convenient, with
+    many rooms, none of which are magnificently spacious. The furniture was
+    not splendid. The bed-curtains were guarded<a href="#note-1182">[1182]</a>. Lord Kilmorey shewed
+    the place with too much exultation. He has no park, and little
+    water<a href="#note-1183">[1183]</a>.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 24.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We went to a chapel, built by Sir Lynch Cotton for his tenants. It is
+    consecrated, and therefore, I suppose, endowed. It is neat and plain.
+    The Communion plate is handsome. It has iron pales and gates of great
+    elegance, brought from Lleweney, 'for Robert has laid all open<a href="#note-1184">[1184]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We saw Hawkestone, the seat of Sir Rowland Hill, and were conducted by
+    Miss Hill over a large tract of rocks and woods; a region abounding with
+    striking scenes and terrifick grandeur. We were always on the brink of a
+    precipice, or at the foot of a lofty rock; but the steeps were seldom
+    naked: in many places, oaks of uncommon magnitude shot up from the
+    crannies of stone; and where there were not tall trees, there were
+    underwoods and bushes.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Round the rocks is a narrow patch cut upon the stone, which is very
+    frequently hewn into steps; but art has proceeded no further than to
+    make the succession of wonders safely accessible. The whole circuit is
+    somewhat laborious; it is terminated by a grotto cut in a rock to a
+    great extent, with many windings, and supported by pillars, not hewn
+    into regularity, but such as imitate the sports of nature, by asperities
+    and protuberances.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The place is without any dampness, and would afford an habitation not
+    uncomfortable. There were from space to space seats in the rock. Though
+    it wants water, it excels Dovedale by the extent of its prospects, the
+    awfulness of its shades, the horrors of its precipices, the verdure of
+    its hollows, and the loftiness of its rocks: the ideas which it forces
+    upon the mind are, the sublime, the dreadful, and the vast. Above is
+    inaccessible altitude, below is horrible profundity. But it excels the
+    garden of Ilam only in extent.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Ilam has grandeur, tempered with softness; the walker congratulates his
+    own arrival at the place, and is grieved to think that he must ever
+    leave it. As he looks up to the rocks, his thoughts are elevated; as he
+    turns his eyes on the vallies, he is composed and soothed.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He that mounts the precipices at Hawkestone, wonders how he came
+    thither, and doubts how he shall return. His walk is an adventure, and
+    his departure an escape. He has not the tranquillity, but the horror, of
+    solitude; a kind of turbulent pleasure, between fright and admiration.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Ilam is the fit abode of pastoral virtue, and might properly diffuse its
+    shades over Nymphs and Swains. Hawkestone can have no fitter inhabitants
+    than giants of mighty bone and bold emprise<a href="#note-1185">[1185]</a>; men of lawless
+    courage and heroic violence. Hawkestone should be described by Milton,
+    and Ilam by Parnel.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Miss Hill shewed the whole succession of wonders with great civility.
+    The house was magnificent, compared with the rank of the owner.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 26.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We left Combermere, where we have been treated with great civility. Sir
+    L. is gross, the lady weak and ignorant. The house is spacious, but not
+    magnificent; built at different times, with different materials; part is
+    of timber, part of stone or brick, plastered and painted to look like
+    timber. It is the best house that I ever saw of that kind.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The Mere, or Lake, is large, with a small island, on which there is a
+    summer-house, shaded with great trees; some were hollow, and have seats
+    in their trunks.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the afternoon we came to West-Chester; (my father went to the fair,
+    when I had the small-pox). We walked round the walls, which are
+    compleat, and contain one mile three quarters, and one hundred and one
+    yards; within them are many gardens: they are very high, and two may
+    walk very commodiously side by side. On the inside is a rail. There are
+    towers from space to space, not very frequent, and, I think, not all
+    compleat<a href="#note-1186">[1186]</a>.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 27.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We staid at Chester and saw the Cathedral, which is not of the first
+    rank. The Castle. In one of the rooms the Assizes are held, and the
+    refectory of the Old Abbey, of which part is a grammar school. The
+    master seemed glad to see me. The cloister is very solemn; over it are
+    chambers in which the singing men live.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In one part of the street was a subterranean arch, very strongly built;
+    in another, what they called, I believe rightly, a Roman hypocaust.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Chester has many curiosities.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 28.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We entered Wales, dined at Mold, and came to Lleweney<a href="#note-1187">[1187]</a>.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 29.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We were at Lleweney.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the lawn at Lleweney is a spring of fine water, which rises above the
+    surface into a stone basin, from which it runs to waste, in a continual
+    stream, through a pipe.
+</p>
+<p>
+    There are very large trees.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The Hall at Lleweney is forty feet long, and twenty-eight broad. The
+    gallery one hundred and twenty feet long, (all paved.) The Library
+    forty-two feet long, and twenty-eight broad. The Dining-parlours
+    thirty-six feet long, and twenty-six broad.
+</p>
+<p>
+    It is partly sashed, and partly has casements.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 30.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We went to Bâch y Graig, where we found an old house, built 1567, in an
+    uncommon and incommodious form. My Mistress<a href="#note-1188">[1188]</a> chattered about
+    tiring, but I prevailed on her to go to the top. The floors have been
+    stolen: the windows are stopped.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The house was less than I seemed to expect; the river Clwyd is a brook
+    with a bridge of one arch, about one third of a mile.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The woods<a href="#note-1189">[1189]</a> have many trees, generally young; but some which seem to
+    decay. They have been lopped. The house never had a garden. The addition
+    of another story would make an useful house, but it cannot be great.
+    Some buildings which Clough, the founder, intended for warehouses, would
+    make store-chambers and servants' rooms<a href="#note-1190">[1190]</a>. The ground seems to be
+    good. I wish it well.
+</p>
+<p>
+    JULY 31.  We went to church at St. Asaph. The Cathedral, though not
+    large, has something of dignity and grandeur. The cross aisle is very
+    short. It has scarcely any monuments. The Quire has, I think, thirty-two
+    stalls of antique workmanship. On the backs were CANONICUS, PREBEND,
+    CANCELLARIUS, THESAURARIUS, PRAECENTOR. The constitution I do not know,
+    but it has all the usual titles and dignities. The service was sung only
+    in the Psalms and Hymns.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The Bishop was very civil<a href="#note-1191">[1191]</a>. We went to his palace, which is but
+    mean. They have a library, and design a room. There lived Lloyd<a href="#note-1192">[1192]</a>
+    and Dodwell<a href="#note-1193">[1193]</a>.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 1.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We visited Denbigh, and the remains of its Castle.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The town consists of one main street, and some that cross it, which I
+    have not seen. The chief street ascends with a quick rise for a great
+    length: the houses are built, some with rough stone, some with brick,
+    and a few are of timber.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The Castle, with its whole enclosure, has been a prodigious pile; it is
+    now so ruined, that the form of the inhabited part cannot easily
+    be traced.
+</p>
+<p>
+    There are, as in all old buildings, said to be extensive vaults, which
+    the ruins of the upper works cover and conceal, but into which boys
+    sometimes find a way. To clear all passages, and trace the whole of what
+    remains, would require much labour and expense. We saw a Church, which
+    was once the Chapel of the Castle, but is used by the town: it is
+    dedicated to St. Hilary, and has an income of about&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    At a small distance is the ruin of a Church said to have been begun by
+    the great Earl of Leicester<a href="#note-1194">[1194]</a>, and left unfinished at his death. One
+    side, and I think the east end, are yet standing. There was a stone in
+    the wall, over the door-way, which it was said would fall and crush the
+    best scholar in the diocese. One Price would not pass under it<a href="#note-1195">[1195]</a>.
+    They have taken it down.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We then saw the Chapel of Lleweney, founded by one of the Salusburies:
+    it is very compleat: the monumental stones lie in the ground. A chimney
+    has been added to it, but it is otherwise not much injured, and might be
+    easily repaired.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We went to the parish Church of Denbigh, which, being near a mile from
+    the town, is only used when the parish officers are chosen.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the Chapel, on Sundays, the service is read thrice, the second time
+    only in English, the first and third in Welsh. The Bishop came to survey
+    the Castle, and visited likewise St. Hilary's Chapel, which is that
+    which the town uses. The hay-barn, built with brick pillars from space
+    to space, and covered with a roof. A more<a href="#note-1196">[1196]</a> elegant and lofty Hovel.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The rivers here, are mere torrents which are suddenly swelled by the
+    rain to great breadth and great violence, but have very little constant
+    stream; such are the Clwyd and the Elwy. There are yet no mountains. The
+    ground is beautifully embellished with woods, and diversified by
+    inequalities.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the parish church of Denbigh is a bas relief of Lloyd the antiquary,
+    who was before Camden. He is kneeling at his prayers<a href="#note-1197">[1197]</a>.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 2.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We rode to a summer-house of Mr. Cotton, which has a very extensive
+    prospect; it is meanly built, and unskilfully disposed.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We went to Dymerchion Church, where the old clerk acknowledged his
+    Mistress. It is the parish church of Bâch y Graig. A mean fabrick: Mr.
+    Salusbury<a href="#note-1198">[1198]</a> was buried in it. Bâch y Graig has fourteen seats
+    in it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    As we rode by, I looked at the house again. We saw Llannerch, a house
+    not mean, with a small park very well watered. There was an avenue of
+    oaks, which, in a foolish compliance with the present mode, has been cut
+    down<a href="#note-1199">[1199]</a>. A few are yet standing. The owner's name is Davies.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The way lay through pleasant lanes, and overlooked a region beautifully
+    diversified with trees and grass<a href="#note-1200">[1200]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At Dymerchion Church there is English service only once a month. This is
+    about twenty miles from the English border.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The old clerk had great appearance of joy at the sight of his Mistress,
+    and foolishly said, that he was now willing to die. He had only a crown
+    given him by my Mistress<a href="#note-1201">[1201]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At Dymerchion Church the texts on the walls are in Welsh.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 3.
+</center>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     We went in the coach to Holywell.
+     Talk with Mistress about flattery<a href="#note-1202">[1202]</a>.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Holywell is a market town, neither very small nor mean. The spring
+    called Winifred's Well is very clear, and so copious, that it yields one
+    hundred tuns of water in a minute. It is all at once a very great
+    stream, which, within perhaps thirty yards of its eruption, turns a
+    mill, and in a course of two miles, eighteen mills more. In descent, it
+    is very quick. It then falls into the sea. The well is covered by a
+    lofty circular arch, supported by pillars; and over this arch is an old
+    chapel, now a school. The chancel is separated by a wall. The bath is
+    completely and indecently open. A woman bathed while we all looked on.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the Church, which makes a good appearance, and is surrounded by
+    galleries to receive a numerous congregation, we were present while a
+    child was christened in Welsh.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We went down by the stream to see a prospect, in which I had no part. We
+    then saw a brass work, where the lapis calaminaris<a href="#note-1203">[1203]</a> is gathered,
+    broken, washed from the earth and the lead, though how the lead was
+    separated I did not see; then calcined, afterwards ground fine, and then
+    mixed by fire with the copper.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We saw several strong fires with melting pots, but the construction of
+    the fire-places I did not learn.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At a copper-work which receives its pigs of copper, I think, from
+    Warrington, we saw a plate of copper put hot between steel rollers, and
+    spread thin; I know not whether the upper roller was set to a certain
+    distance, as I suppose, or acted only by its weight.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At an iron-work I saw round bars formed by a knotched hammer and anvil.
+    There I saw a bar of about half an inch, or more, square cut with shears
+    worked by water, and then beaten hot into a thinner bar. The hammers all
+    worked, as they were, by water, acting upon small bodies, moved very
+    quick, as quick as by the hand.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I then saw wire drawn, and gave a shilling. I have enlarged my
+    notions<a href="#note-1204">[1204]</a>, though not being able to see the movements, and having
+    not time to peep closely, I know less than I might. I was less weary,
+    and had better breath, as I walked farther.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 4.
+</center>
+<p>
+    Ruthin Castle is still a very noble ruin; all the walls still remain, so
+    that a compleat platform, and elevations, not very imperfect, may be
+    taken. It encloses a square of about thirty yards. The middle space was
+    always open.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The wall is, I believe, about thirty feet high, very thick, flanked with
+    six round towers, each about eighteen feet, or less, in diameter. Only
+    one tower had a chimney, so that there was<a href="#note-1205">[1205]</a> commodity of living. It
+    was only a place of strength. The garrison had, perhaps, tents in
+    the area.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Stapylton's house is pretty<a href="#note-1206">[1206]</a>: there are pleasing shades about it,
+    with a constant spring that supplies a cold bath. We then went to see
+    a Cascade.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I trudged unwillingly, and was not sorry to find it dry. The water was,
+    however, turned on, and produced a very striking cataract. They are paid
+    an hundred pounds a year for permission to divert the stream to the
+    mines. The river, for such it may be termed<a href="#note-1207">[1207]</a>, rises from a single
+    spring, which, like that of Winifred's, is covered with a building.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We called then at another house belonging to Mr. Lloyd, which made a
+    handsome appearance. This country seems full of very splendid houses.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mrs. Thrale lost her purse. She expressed so much uneasiness, that I
+    concluded the sum to be very great; but when I heard of only seven
+    guineas, I was glad to find that she had so much sensibility of money.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I could not drink this day either coffee or tea after dinner. I know not
+    when I missed before.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 5.
+</center>
+<p>
+    Last night my sleep was remarkably quiet. I know not whether by fatigue
+    in walking, or by forbearance of tea<a href="#note-1208">[1208]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I gave the ipecacuanha<a href="#note-1209">[1209]</a>. Vin. emet. had failed; so had tartar emet.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I dined at Mr. Myddleton's, of Gwaynynog. The house was a gentleman's
+    house, below the second rate, perhaps below the third, built of stone
+    roughly cut. The rooms were low, and the passage above stairs gloomy,
+    but the furniture was good. The table was well supplied, except that the
+    fruit was bad. It was truly the dinner of a country gentleman. Two
+    tables were filled with company, not inelegant.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After dinner, the talk was of preserving the Welsh language. I offered
+    them a scheme. Poor Evan Evans was mentioned, as incorrigibly addicted
+    to strong drink. Worthington<a href="#note-1210">[1210]</a> was commended. Myddleton is the only
+    man, who, in Wales, has talked to me of literature. I wish he were truly
+    zealous. I recommended the republication of David ap Rhees's
+    Welsh Grammar.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Two sheets of <i>Hebrides</i> came to me for correction to-day, F.G.<a href="#note-1211">[1211]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 6.
+</center>
+<p>
+    I corrected the two sheets. My sleep last night was disturbed.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Washing at Chester and here, 5<i>s</i>. 1<i>d</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I did not read.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I saw to-day more of the out-houses at Lleweney. It is, in the whole, a
+    very spacious house.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 7.
+</center>
+<p>
+    I was at Church at Bodfari. There was a service used for a sick woman,
+    not canonically, but such as I have heard, I think, formerly at
+    Lichfield, taken out of the visitation.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The Church is mean, but has a square tower for the bells, rather too
+    stately for the Church.
+</p>
+<center>
+    OBSERVATIONS.
+</center>
+<p>
+    Dixit injustus, Ps. 36, has no relation to the English<a href="#note-1212">[1212]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Preserve us, Lord, has the name of Robert Wisedome, 1618.&mdash;Barker's
+    <i>Bible</i><a href="#note-1213">[1213]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Battologiam ab iteratione, recte distinguit Erasmus.&mdash;<i>Mod. Orandi
+    Deum</i>, p. 56-144<a href="#note-1214">[1214]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Southwell's Thoughts of his own death<a href="#note-1215">[1215]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Baudius on Erasmus<a href="#note-1216">[1216]</a>.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 8.
+</center>
+<p>
+    The Bishop and much company dined at Lleweney. Talk of Greek&mdash;and of the
+    army<a href="#note-1217">[1217]</a>. The Duke of Marlborough's officers useless. Read
+    <i>Phocylidis</i><a href="#note-1218">[1218]</a>, distinguished the paragraphs. I looked in Leland: an
+    unpleasant book of mere hints.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Lichfield School, ten pounds; and five pounds from the Hospital<a href="#note-1219">[1219]</a>.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 10.
+</center>
+<p>
+    At Lloyd's, of Maesmynnan; a good house, and a very large walled garden.
+    I read Windus's Account of his <i>Journey to Mequinez</i>, and of Stewart's
+    Embassy<a href="#note-1220">[1220]</a>. I had read in the morning Wasse's <i>Greek Trochaics to
+    Bentley</i>. They appeared inelegant, and made with difficulty. The Latin
+    Elegy contains only common-place, hastily expressed, so far as I have
+    read, for it is long. They seem to be the verses of a scholar, who has
+    no practice of writing. The Greek I did not always fully understand. I
+    am in doubt about the sixth and last paragraphs, perhaps they are not
+    printed right, for [Greek: eutokon] perhaps [Greek: eustochon.] q?
+</p>
+<p>
+    The following days I read here and there. The <i>Bibliotheca Literaria</i>
+    was so little supplied with papers that could interest curiosity, that
+    it could not hope for long continuance<a href="#note-1221">[1221]</a>. Wasse, the chief
+    contributor, was an unpolished scholar, who, with much literature, had
+    no art or elegance of diction, at least in English.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 14.
+</center>
+<p>
+    At Bodfari I heard the second lesson read, and the sermon preached in
+    Welsh. The text was pronounced both in Welsh and English. The sound of
+    the Welsh, in a continued discourse, is not unpleasant.
+</p>
+<p>
+    [Greek: Brosis oligae][1222].
+</p>
+<p>
+    The letter of Chrysostom, against transubstantiation. Erasmus to the
+    Nuns, full of mystick notions and allegories.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 15.
+</center>
+<p>
+    Imbecillitas genuum non sine aliquantulo doloris inter ambulandum quem a
+    prandio magis sensi<a href="#note-1223">[1223]</a>.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 18.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We left Lleweney, and went forwards on our journey.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We came to Abergeley, a mean town, in which little but Welsh is spoken,
+    and divine service is seldom performed in English.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Our way then lay to the sea-side, at the foot of a mountain, called
+    Penmaen Rhôs. Here the way was so steep, that we walked on the lower
+    edge of the hill, to meet the coach, that went upon a road higher on the
+    hill. Our walk was not long, nor unpleasant: the longer I walk, the less
+    I feel its inconvenience. As I grow warm, my breath mends, and I think
+    my limbs grow pliable.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We then came to Conway Ferry, and passed in small boats, with some
+    passengers from the stage coach, among whom were an Irish gentlewoman,
+    with two maids, and three little children, of which, the youngest was
+    only a few months old. The tide did not serve the large ferry-boat, and
+    therefore our coach could not very soon follow us. We were, therefore,
+    to stay at the Inn. It is now the day of the Race at Conway, and the
+    town was so full of company, that no money could purchase lodgings. We
+    were not very readily supplied with cold dinner. We would have staid at
+    Conway if we could have found entertainment, for we were afraid of
+    passing Penmaen Mawr, over which lay our way to Bangor, but by bright
+    daylight, and the delay of our coach made our departure necessarily
+    late. There was, however, no stay on any other terms, than of sitting up
+    all night.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The poor Irish lady was still more distressed. Her children wanted rest.
+    She would have been content with one bed, but, for a time, none could be
+    had. Mrs. Thrale gave her what help she could. At last two gentlemen
+    were persuaded to yield up their room, with two beds, for which she gave
+    half a guinea. Our coach was at last brought, and we set out with some
+    anxiety, but we came to Penmaen Mawr by daylight; and found a way,
+    lately made, very easy, and very safe.<a href="#note-1224">[1224]</a> It was cut smooth, and
+    enclosed between parallel walls; the outer of which secures the
+    passenger from the precipice, which is deep and dreadful. This wall is
+    here and there broken, by mischievous wantonness.<a href="#note-1225">[1225]</a> The inner wall
+    preserves the road from the loose stones, which the shattered steep
+    above it would pour down. That side of the mountain seems to have a
+    surface of loose stones, which every accident may crumble. The old road
+    was higher, and must have been very formidable. The sea beats at the
+    bottom of the way.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At evening the moon shone eminently bright; and our thoughts of danger
+    being now past, the rest of our journey was very pleasant. At an hour
+    somewhat late, we came to Bangor, where we found a very mean inn, and
+    had some difficulty to obtain lodging. I lay in a room, where the other
+    bed had two men.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 19.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We obtained boats to convey us to Anglesey, and saw Lord Bulkeley's
+    House, and Beaumaris Castle.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I was accosted by Mr. Lloyd, the Schoolmaster of Beaumaris, who had seen
+    me at University College; and he, with Mr. Roberts, the Register of
+    Bangor, whose boat we borrowed, accompanied us. Lord Bulkeley's house
+    is very mean, but his garden garden is spacious, and shady with large
+    trees and smaller interspersed. The walks are straight, and cross each
+    other, with no variety of plan; but they have a pleasing coolness, and
+    solemn gloom, and extend to a great length.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The castle is a mighty pile; the outward wall has fifteen round towers,
+    besides square towers at the angles. There is then a void space between
+    the wall and the Castle, which has an area enclosed with a wall, which
+    again has towers, larger than those of the outer wall. The towers of the
+    inner Castle are, I think, eight. There is likewise a Chapel entire,
+    built upon an arch as I suppose, and beautifully arched with a stone
+    roof, which is yet unbroken. The entrance into the Chapel is about eight
+    or nine feet high, and was, I suppose, higher, when there was no rubbish
+    in the area.
+</p>
+<p>
+    This Castle corresponds with all the representations of romancing
+    narratives. Here is not wanting the private passage, the dark cavity,
+    the deep dungeon, or the lofty tower. We did not discover the Well. This
+    is the most compleat view that I have yet had of an old Castle.<a href="#note-1226">[1226]</a> It
+    had a moat.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The Towers.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We went to Bangor.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 20.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We went by water from Bangor to Caernarvon, where we met Paoli and Sir
+    Thomas Wynne. Meeting by chance with one Troughton,<a href="#note-1227">[1227]</a> an intelligent
+    and loquacious wanderer, Mr. Thrale invited him to dinner. He attended
+    us to the Castle, an edifice of stupendous magnitude and strength; it
+    has in it all that we observed at Beaumaris, and much greater
+    dimensions: many of the smaller rooms floored with stone are entire; of
+    the larger rooms, the beams and planks are all left: this is the state
+    of all buildings left to time. We mounted the Eagle Tower by one hundred
+    and sixty-nine steps, each of ten inches. We did not find the Well; nor
+    did I trace the Moat; but moats there were, I believe, to all castles on
+    the plain, which not only hindered access, but prevented mines. We saw
+    but a very small part of this mighty ruin, and in all these old
+    buildings, the subterraneous works are concealed by the rubbish.
+</p>
+<p>
+    To survey this place would take much time: I did not think there had
+    been such buildings; it surpassed my ideas.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 21.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We were at Church; the service in the town is always English; at the
+    parish Church at a small distance, always Welsh. The town has by
+    degrees, I suppose, been brought nearer to the sea side.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We received an invitation to Dr. Worthington. We then went to dinner at
+    Sir Thomas Wynne's,&mdash;the dinner mean, Sir Thomas civil, his Lady
+    nothing.<a href="#note-1228">[1228]</a> Paoli civil.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We supped with Colonel Wynne's Lady, who lives in one of the towers of
+    the Castle.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I have not been very well.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 22.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We went to visit Bodville, the place where Mrs. Thrale was born; and the
+    Churches called Tydweilliog and Llangwinodyl, which she holds by
+    impropriation.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We had an invitation to the house of Mr. Griffiths of Bryn o dol, where
+    we found a small neat new built house, with square rooms: the walls are
+    of unhewn stone, and therefore thick; for the stones not fitting with
+    exactness, are not strong without great thickness. He had planted a
+    great deal of young wood in walks. Fruit trees do not thrive; but having
+    grown a few years, reach some barren stratum and wither.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We found Mr. Griffiths not at home; but the provisions were good. Mr.
+    Griffiths came home the next day. He married a lady who has a house and
+    estate at [Llanver], over against Anglesea, and near Caernarvon, where
+    she is more disposed, as it seems, to reside than at Bryn o dol.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I read Lloyd's account of Mona, which he proves to be Anglesea.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In our way to Bryn o dol, we saw at Llanerk a Church built crosswise,
+    very spacious and magnificent for this country. We could not see the
+    Parson, and could get no intelligence about it.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 24.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We went to see Bodville. Mrs. Thrale remembered the rooms, and wandered
+    over them with recollection of her childhood. This species of pleasure
+    is always melancholy. The walk was cut down, and the pond was dry.
+    Nothing was better.<a href="#note-1229">[1229]</a>
+</p>
+<p>
+    We surveyed the Churches, which are mean, and neglected to a degree
+    scarcely imaginable. They have no pavement, and the earth is full of
+    holes. The seats are rude benches; the Altars have no rails. One of them
+    has a breach in the roof. On the desk, I think, of each lay a folio
+    Welsh Bible of the black letter, which the curate cannot easily
+    read.<a href="#note-1230">[1230]</a>
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Thrale purposes to beautify the Churches, and if he prospers, will
+    probably restore the tithes. The two parishes are, Llangwinodyl and
+    Tydweilliog.<a href="#note-1231">[1231]</a> The Methodists are here very prevalent. A better
+    church will impress the people with more reverence of publick worship.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mrs. Thrale visited a house where she had been used to drink milk, which
+    was left, with an estate of two hundred pounds a year, by one Lloyd, to
+    a married woman who lived with him.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We went to Pwllheli, a mean old town, at the extremity of the country.
+    Here we bought something, to remember the place.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 25.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We returned to Caernarvon, where we ate with Mrs. Wynne.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 26.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We visited, with Mrs. Wynne, Llyn Badarn and Llyn Beris, two lakes,
+    joined by a narrow strait. They are formed by the waters which fall from
+    Snowdon and the opposite mountains. On the side of Snowdon are the
+    remains of a large fort, to which we climbed with great labour. I was
+    breathless and harassed. The Lakes have no great breadth, so that the
+    boat is always near one bank or the other.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>Note</i>. Queeny's goats, one hundred and forty-nine, I think.<a href="#note-1232">[1232]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 27.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We returned to Bangor, where Mr. Thrale was lodged at Mr. Roberts's, the
+    Register.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 28.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We went to worship at the Cathedral. The quire is mean, the service was
+    not well read.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 29.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We came to Mr. Myddelton's, of Gwaynynog, to the first place, as my
+    Mistress observed, where we have been welcome.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>Note</i>. On the day when we visited Bodville, we turned to the house of
+    Mr. Griffiths, of Kefnamwycllh, a gentleman of large fortune, remarkable
+    for having made great and sudden improvements in his seat and estate. He
+    has enclosed a large garden with a brick wall. He is considered as a man
+    of great accomplishments. He was educated in literature at the
+    University, and served some time in the army, then quitted his
+    commission, and retired to his lands. He is accounted a good man, and
+    endeavours to bring the people to church.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In our way from Bangor to Conway, we passed again the new road upon the
+    edge of Penmaen Mawr, which would be very tremendous, but that the wall
+    shuts out the idea of danger. In the wall are several breaches, made, as
+    Mr. Thrale very reasonably conjectures, by fragments of rocks which roll
+    down the mountain, broken perhaps by frost, or worn through by rain.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We then viewed Conway.
+</p>
+<p>
+    To spare the horses at Penmaen Rhôs, between Conway and St. Asaph, we
+    sent the coach over the road across the mountain with Mrs. Thrale, who
+    had been tired with a walk sometime before; and I, with Mr. Thrale and
+    Miss, walked along the edge, where the path is very narrow, and much
+    encumbered by little loose stones, which had fallen down, as we thought,
+    upon the way since we passed it before.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At Conway we took a short survey of the Castle, which afforded us
+    nothing new. It is larger than that of Beaumaris, and less than that of
+    Caernarvon. It is built upon a rock so high and steep, that it is even
+    now very difficult of access. We found a round pit, which was called the
+    Well; it is now almost filled, and therefore dry. We found the Well in
+    no other castle. There are some remains of leaden pipes at Caernarvon,
+    which, I suppose, only conveyed water from one part of the building to
+    another. Had the garrison had no other supply, the Welsh, who must know
+    where the pipes were laid, could easily have cut them.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 29.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We came to the house of Mr. Myddelton, (on Monday,) where we staid to
+    September 6, and were very kindly entertained. How we spent our time, I
+    am not very able to tell<a href="#note-1233">[1233]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We saw the wood, which is diversified and romantick.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 4, SUNDAY.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We dined with Mr. Myddelton, the clergyman, at Denbigh, where I saw the
+    harvest-men very decently dressed, after the afternoon service, standing
+    to be hired. On other days, they stand at about four in the morning.
+    They are hired from day to day.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 6.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We lay at Wrexham; a busy, extensive, and well built town. It has a very
+    large and magnificent Church. It has a famous fair.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 7.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We came to Chirk Castle.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 8, THURSDAY.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We came to the house of Dr. Worthington<a href="#note-1234">[1234]</a>, at Llanrhaiadr. Our
+    entertainment was poor, though his house was not bad. The situation is
+    very pleasant, by the side of a small river, of which the bank rises
+    high on the other side, shaded by gradual rows of trees. The gloom, the
+    stream, and the silence, generate thoughtfulness.  The town is old, and
+    very mean, but has, I think, a market. In this house, the Welsh
+    translation of the Old Testament was made. The Welsh singing Psalms were
+    written by Archdeacon Price. They are not considered as elegant, but as
+    very literal, and accurate.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We came to Llanrhaiadr, through Oswestry; a town not very little, nor
+    very mean. The church, which I saw only at a distance, seems to be an
+    edifice much too good for the present state of the place.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 9.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We visited the waterfall, which is very high, and in rainy weather very
+    copious. There is a reservoir made to supply it. In its fall, it has
+    perforated a rock. There is a room built for entertainment. There was
+    some difficulty in climbing to a near view. Lord Lyttelton<a href="#note-1235">[1235]</a> came
+    near it, and turned back.
+</p>
+<p>
+    When we came back, we took some cold meat, and notwithstanding the
+    Doctor's importunities, went that day to Shrewsbury.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 10.
+</center>
+<p>
+    I sent for Gwynn<a href="#note-1236">[1236]</a>, and he shewed us the town. The walls are
+    broken, and narrower than those of Chester. The town is large, and has
+    many gentlemen's houses, but the streets are narrow. I saw Taylor's
+    library. We walked in the Quarry; a very pleasant walk by the
+    river.<a href="#note-1237">[1237]</a> Our inn was not bad.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 11.
+</center>
+<p>
+    Sunday. We were at St. Chads, a very large and luminous Church. We were
+    on the Castle Hill.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 12.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We called on Dr. Adams,<a href="#note-1238">[1238]</a> and travelled towards Worcester, through
+    Wenlock; a very mean place, though a borough. At noon, we came to
+    Bridgenorth, and walked about the town, of which one part stands on a
+    high rock; and part very low, by the river. There is an old tower,
+    which, being crooked, leans so much, that it is frightful to pass by it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the afternoon we came through Kinver, a town in Staffordshire; neat
+    and closely built. I believe it has only one street.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The road was so steep and miry, that we were forced to stop at
+    Hartlebury, where we had a very neat inn, though it made a very poor
+    appearance.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 13.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We came to Lord Sandys's, at Ombersley, where we were treated with great
+    civility.<a href="#note-1239">[1239]</a>
+</p>
+<p>
+    The house is large. The hall is a very noble room.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 15.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We went to Worcester, a very splendid city. The Cathedral is very noble,
+    with many remarkable monuments. The library is in the Chapter House. On
+    the table lay the <i>Nuremberg Chronicle</i>, I think, of the first edition.
+    We went to the china warehouse. The Cathedral has a cloister. The long
+    aisle is, in my opinion, neither so wide nor so high as that of
+    Lichfield.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 16.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We went to Hagley, where we were disappointed of the respect and
+    kindness that we expected<a href="#note-1240">[1240]</a>.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 17.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We saw the house and park, which equalled my expectation. The house is
+    one square mass. The offices are below. The rooms of elegance on the
+    first floor, with two stories of bedchambers, very well disposed above
+    it. The bedchambers have low windows, which abates the dignity of the
+    house. The park has one artificial ruin<a href="#note-1241">[1241]</a>, and wants water; there
+    is, however, one temporary cascade. From the farthest hill there is a
+    very wide prospect.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I went to church. The church is, externally, very mean, and is therefore
+    diligently hidden by a plantation. There are in it several modern
+    monuments of the Lytteltons.
+</p>
+<p>
+    There dined with us, Lord Dudley, and Sir Edward Lyttelton, of
+    Staffordshire, and his Lady. They were all persons of agreeable
+    conversation.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I found time to reflect on my birthday, and offered a prayer, which I
+    hope was heard.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 19.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We made haste away from a place, where all were offended<a href="#note-1242">[1242]</a>. In the
+    way we visited the Leasowes<a href="#note-1243">[1243]</a>. It was rain, yet we visited all the
+    waterfalls. There are, in one place, fourteen falls in a short line. It
+    is the next place to Ham Gardens<a href="#note-1244">[1244]</a>. Poor Shenstone never tasted his
+    pension. It is not very well proved that any pension was obtained for
+    him. I am afraid that he died of misery<a href="#note-1245">[1245]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We came to Birmingham, and I sent for Wheeler, whom I found well.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 20.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We breakfasted with Wheeler,<a href="#note-1246">[1246]</a> and visited the manufacture of Papier
+    Maché. The paper which they use is smooth whited brown; the varnish is
+    polished with rotten stone. Wheeler gave me a tea-board. We then went to
+    Boulton's,<a href="#note-1247">[1247]</a> who, with great civility, led us through his shops. I
+    could not distinctly see his enginery.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Twelve dozen of buttons for three shillings.<a href="#note-1248">[1248]</a> Spoons struck at
+    once.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 21.
+</center>
+<p>
+    Wheeler came to us again.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We came easily to Woodstock.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 22.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We saw Blenheim and Woodstock Park.<a href="#note-1249">[1249]</a> The Park contains two thousand
+    five hundred acres; about four square miles. It has red deer.  Mr.
+    Bryant<a href="#note-1250">[1250]</a> shewed me the Library with great civility. <i>Durandi
+    Rationale</i>, 1459<a href="#note-1251">[1251]</a>. Lascaris' <i>Grammar</i> of the first edition, well
+    printed, but much less than later editions<a href="#note-1252">[1252]</a>. The first
+    <i>Batrachomyomachia</i><a href="#note-1253">[1253]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The Duke sent Mr. Thrale partridges and fruit.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At night we came to Oxford.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 23.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We visited Mr. Coulson<a href="#note-1254">[1254]</a>. The Ladies wandered about the University.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 24.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We dine with Mr. Coulson. Vansittart<a href="#note-1255">[1255]</a> told me his distemper.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Afterwards we were at Burke's, where we heard of the dissolution of the
+    Parliament. We went home<a href="#note-1256">[1256]</a>.
+</p>
+<a name="2HFOO100"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    FOOTNOTES:
+</h2>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1">[1]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 434, note 1, and iii. 209.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-2">[2]</a> His <i>Account of Corsica</i>, published in 1768.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-3">[3]</a> Horace Walpole wrote on Nov.6, 1769 (<i>Letters</i>, v. 200):&mdash;'I found
+    Paoli last week at Court. The King and Queen both took great notice of
+    him. He has just made a tour to Bath, Oxford, &amp;c., and was everywhere
+    received with much distinction.' See <i>ante</i>, ii. 71.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-4">[4]</a> Boswell, when in London, was 'his constant guest.' Ante, iii 35.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-5">[5]</a> Boswell's son James says that 'in 1785 Mr. Malone was shewn at Mr.
+    Baldwin's printing-house a sheet of the <i>Tour to the Hebrides</i>
+    which contained Johnson's character. He was so much struck with the
+    spirit and fidelity of the portrait that he requested to be introduced
+    to its writer. From this period a friendship took place between them,
+    which ripened into the strictest and most cordial intimacy. After Mr.
+    Boswell's death in 1795 Mr. Malone continued to shew every mark of
+    affectionate attention towards his family.' <i>Gent. Mag.</i> 1813, p. 518.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-6">[6]</a> Malone began his edition of <i>Shakespeare</i> in 1782; he brought it out
+    in 1790. Prior's <i>Malone</i>, pp. 98, 166.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-7">[7]</a> Boswell in the 'Advertisement' to the second edition, dated Dec. 20,
+    1785, says that 'the whole of the first impression has been sold in a
+    few weeks.' Three editions were published within a year, but the fourth
+    was not issued till 1807. A German translation was published in Lübeck
+    in 1787. I believe that in no language has a translation been published
+    of the <i>Life of Johnson</i>. Johnson was indeed, as Boswell often calls
+    him, 'a trueborn Englishman'&mdash;so English that foreigners could neither
+    understand him nor relish his <i>Life</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-8">[8]</a> The man thus described is James I.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-9">[9]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 450 and ii. 291.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-10">[10]</a> <i>A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland</i>. Johnson's <i>Works</i>
+    ix. 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-11">[11]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 450. On a copy of Martin in the Advocates' Library
+    [Edinburgh] I found the following note in the handwriting of Mr.
+    Boswell:&mdash;'This very book accompanied Mr. Samuel Johnson and me in our
+    Tour to the Hebrides.' UPCOTT. Croker's <i>Boswell</i>, p. 267.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-12">[12]</a> Macbeth, act i. sc. 3.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-13">[13]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 24, and <i>post</i>, Nov. 10.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-14">[14]</a> Our friend Edmund Burke, who by this time had received some pretty
+    severe strokes from Dr. Johnson, on account of the unhappy difference in
+    their politicks, upon my repeating this passage to him, exclaimed 'Oil
+    of vitriol !' BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-15">[15]</a> <i>Psalms</i>, cxli. 5.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-16">[16]</a> 'We all love Beattie,' he had said. <i>Ante</i>, ii. 148.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-17">[17]</a> This, I find, is a Scotticism. I should have said, 'It will not be
+    long before we shall be at Marischal College.' BOSWELL. In spite of this
+    warning Sir Walter Scott fell into the same error. 'The light foot of
+    Mordaunt was not long of bearing him to Jarlok [Jarlshof].' <i>Pirate</i>,
+    ch. viii. CROKER. Beattie was Professor of Moral Philosophy and Logic in
+    Marischal College.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-18">[18]</a> 'Nil mihi rescribas; attamen ipse veni.' Ovid, <i>Heroides</i>, i. 2.
+    Boswell liked to display such classical learning as he had. When he
+    visited Eton in 1789 he writes, 'I was asked by the Head-master to dine
+    at the Fellows' table, and made a creditable figure. I certainly have
+    the art of making the most of what I have. How should one who has had
+    only a Scotch education be quite at home at Eton? I had my classical
+    quotations very ready.' <i>Letters of Boswell</i>, p. 308.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-19">[19]</a> Gray, Johnson writes (<i>Works</i>, viii. 479), visited Scotland in
+    1765. 'He naturally contracted a friendship with Dr. Beattie, whom he
+    found a poet,' &amp;c.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-20">[20]</a> <i>Post</i>, Sept. 12.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-21">[21]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 274.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-22">[22]</a> Afterwards Lord Stowell. He, his brother Lord Eldon, and Chambers
+    were all Newcastle men. See <i>ante</i>, i. 462, for an anecdote of the
+    journey and for a note on 'the Commons.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-23">[23]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 453.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-24">[24]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. III.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-25">[25]</a> Baretti, in a MS. note on <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 309, says:&mdash;'The
+    most unaccountable part of Johnson's character was his total ignorance
+    of the character of his most familiar acquaintance.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-26">[26]</a> Lord Pembroke said once to me at Wilton, with a happy pleasantry,
+    and some truth, that 'Dr. Johnson's sayings would not appear so
+    extraordinary, were it not for his <i>bow-wow way</i>:' but I admit the truth
+    of this only on some occasions. The <i>Messiah</i>, played upon the
+    <i>Canterbury organ</i>, is more sublime than when played upon an inferior
+    instrument, but very slight musick will seem grand, when conveyed to the
+    ear through that majestick medium. <i>While therefore Dr. Johnson's
+    sayings are read, let his manner be taken along with them</i>. Let it,
+    however, be observed, that the sayings themselves are generally great;
+    that, though he might be an ordinary composer at times, he was for the
+    most part a Handel. BOSWELL. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 326, 371, and under
+    Aug. 29, 1783.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-27">[27]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 42.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-28">[28]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 41.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-29">[29]</a> Such they appeared to me; but since the first edition, Sir Joshua
+    Reynolds has observed to me, 'that Dr. Johnson's extraordinary gestures
+    were only habits, in which he indulged himself at certain times. When in
+    company, where he was not free, or when engaged earnestly in
+    conversation, he never gave way to such habits, which proves that they
+    were not involuntary.' I still however think, that these gestures were
+    involuntary; for surely had not that been the case, he would have
+    restrained them in the publick streets. BOSWELL. See <i>ante</i>, i. 144.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-30">[30]</a> By an Act of the 7th of George I. for encouraging the consumption
+    of raw silk and mohair, buttons and button-holes made of cloth, serge,
+    and other stuffs were prohibited. In 1738 a petition was presented to
+    Parliament stating that 'in evasion of this Act buttons and button-holes
+    were made of horse-hair to the impoverishing of many thousands and
+    prejudice of the woollen manufactures.' An Act was brought in to
+    prohibit the use of horse-hair, and was only thrown out on the third
+    reading. <i>Parl. Hist.</i> x. 787.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-31">[31]</a> Boswell wrote to Erskine on Dec. 8, 1761: 'I, James Boswell Esq.,
+    who "am happily possessed of a facility of manners"&mdash;to use the very
+    words of Mr. Professor [Adam] Smith, which upon honour were addressed to
+    me.' <i>Boswell and Erskine Corres</i>. ed. 1879, p. 26.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-32">[32]</a> <i>Post</i>, Oct. 16.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-33">[33]</a> <i>Hamlet</i>, act iii, sc. 4.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-34">[34]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv., March 21, 1783. Johnson is often reproached with
+    his dislike of the Scotch, though much of it was assumed; but no one
+    blames Hume's dislike of the English, though it was deep and real. On
+    Feb. 21, 1770, he wrote:&mdash;'Our Government is too perfect in point of
+    liberty for so rude a beast as an Englishman; who is a man, a bad animal
+    too, corrupted by above a century of licentiousness.' J. H. Burton's
+    <i>Hume</i>, ii. 434. Dr. Burton writes of the English as 'a people Hume so
+    heartily disliked.' <i>Ib</i>. p. 433.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-35">[35]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 15.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-36">[36]</a> The term <i>John Bull</i> came into the English language in 1712, when
+    Dr. Arbuthnot wrote <i>The History of John Bull</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-37">[37]</a> Boswell in three other places so describes Johnson. See <i>ante</i>,
+    i.129, note 3.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-38">[38]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i.467.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-39">[39]</a> 'All nations, and kindreds, and people, and tongues.' <i>Rev</i>. vii.9.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-40">[40]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 376
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-41">[41]</a> In Cockburn's <i>Life of Jeffrey</i>, i.157, there is a description of
+    Edinburgh, towards the close of the century, 'the last purely Scotch age
+    that Scotland was destined to see. Almost the whole official state, as
+    settled at the Union, survived; and all graced the capital, unconscious
+    of the economical scythe which has since mowed it down. All our nobility
+    had not then fled. The lawyers, instead of disturbing good company by
+    professional matter, were remarkably free of this vulgarity; and being
+    trained to take difference of opinion easily, and to conduct discussions
+    with forbearance, were, without undue obtrusion, the most cheerful
+    people that were to be met with. Philosophy had become indigenous in the
+    place, and all classes, even in their gayest hours, were proud of the
+    presence of its cultivators. And all this was still a Scotch scene. The
+    whole country had not begun to be absorbed in the ocean of London.
+    According to the modern rate of travelling [written in 1852] the
+    capitals of Scotland and of England were then about 2400 miles asunder.
+    Edinburgh was still more distant in its style and habits. It had then
+    its own independent tastes, and ideas, and pursuits.' Scotland at this
+    time was distinguished by the liberality of mind of its leading
+    clergymen, which was due, according to Dr. A. Carlyle (<i>Auto</i>. p 57), to
+    the fact that the Professor of Theology under whom they had studied was
+    'dull and Dutch and prolix.' 'There was one advantage,' he says,
+    'attending the lectures of a dull professor&mdash;viz., that he could form no
+    school, and the students were left entirely to themselves, and naturally
+    formed opinions far more liberal than those they got from the
+    Professor.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-42">[42]</a> Chambers (<i>Traditions of Edinburgh</i>, ed. 1825, ii.297) says that
+    'the very spot which Johnson's armchair occupied is pointed out by the
+    modern possessors.' The inn was called 'The White Horse.' 'It derives
+    its name from having been the resort of the Hanoverian faction, the
+    White Horse being the crest of Hanover.' Murray's <i>Guide to Scotland</i>,
+    ed. 1867, p. 111.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-43">[43]</a> Boswell writing of Scotland says:&mdash;'In the last age it was the
+    common practice in the best families for all the company to eat milk, or
+    pudding, or any other dish that is eat with a spoon, not by distributing
+    the contents of the dish into small plates round the table, but by every
+    person dipping his spoon into the large platter; and when the fashion of
+    having a small plate for each guest was brought from the continent by a
+    young gentleman returned from his travels, a good old inflexible
+    neighbour in the country said, "he did not see anything he had learnt
+    but to take his broth twice." Nay, in our own remembrance, the use of a
+    carving knife was considered as a novelty; and a gentleman of ancient
+    family and good literature used to rate his son, a friend of mine, for
+    introducing such a foppish superfluity.'&mdash;<i>London Mag</i>. 1778, p.199.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-44">[44]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 403. Johnson, in describing Sir A. Macdonald's
+    house in Sky, said:&mdash;'The Lady had not the common decencies of her
+    tea-table; we picked up our sugar with our fingers.' <i>Piozzi
+    Letters</i>, i.138.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-45">[45]</a> Chambers says that 'James's Court, till the building of the New
+    Town, was inhabited by a select set of gentlemen. They kept a clerk to
+    record their names and their proceedings, had a scavenger of their own,
+    and had balls and assemblies among themselves.' Paoli was Boswell's
+    guest there in 1771. <i>Traditions of Edinburgh</i>, i. 219. It was burnt
+    down in 1857. Murray's <i>Guide to Scotland</i>, ed. 1883, p.49. Johnson
+    wrote:&mdash;'Boswell has very handsome and spacious rooms, level with the
+    ground on one side of the house, and on the other four stories high.'
+    <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 109. Dr. J.H. Burton says that Hume occupied them
+    just before Boswell. He continues:&mdash;'Of the first impression made on a
+    stranger at that period when entering such a house, a vivid description
+    is given by Sir Walter Scott in <i>Guy Mannering</i>; and in Counsellor
+    Pleydell's library, with its collection of books, and the prospect from
+    the window, we have probably an accurate picture of the room in which
+    Hume spent his studious hours.' <i>Life of Hume</i>, ii. 137, 431. At
+    Johnson's visit Hume was living in his new house in the street which was
+    humorously named after him, St. David Street. <i>Ib</i>. p. 436.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-46">[46]</a> The English servant-girl in <i>Humphry Clinker</i> (Letter of July 18),
+    after describing how the filth is thus thrown out, says:&mdash;'The maid
+    calls <i>gardy loo</i> to the passengers, which signifies <i>Lord have mercy
+    upon you!</i>'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-47">[47]</a> Wesley, when at Edinburgh in May, 1761, writes:&mdash;'How can it be
+    suffered that all manner of filth should still be thrown even into this
+    street [High Street] continually? How long shall the capital city of
+    Scotland, yea, and the chief street of it, stink worse than a common
+    sewer?' Wesley's <i>Journal</i>, iii. 52. Baretti (<i>Journey from London to
+    Genoa</i>, ii.255) says that this was the universal practice in Madrid in
+    1760. He was driven out of that town earlier than he had intended to
+    leave it by the dreadful stench. A few years after his visit the King
+    made a reform, so that it became 'one of the cleanest towns in Europe.'
+    <i>Ib</i>. p 258. Smollett in <i>Humphry Clinker</i> makes Matthew Bramble say
+    (Letter of July 18):&mdash;'The inhabitants of Edinburgh are apt to imagine
+    the disgust that we avow is little better than affectation.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-48">[48]</a> 'Most of their buildings are very mean; and the whole town bears
+    some resemblance to the old part of Birmingham.' <i>Piozzi
+    Letters</i>, i. 109.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-49">[49]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 313.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-50">[50]</a> Miss Burney, describing her first sight of Johnson, says:&mdash;'Upon
+    asking my father why he had not prepared us for such uncouth, untoward
+    strangeness, he laughed heartily, and said he had entirely forgotten
+    that the same impression had been at first made upon himself; but had
+    been lost even on the second interview.' <i>Memoirs of Dr. Burney</i>, ii.91.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-51">[51]</a> See <i>post</i>, Aug. 22.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-52">[52]</a> see <i>ante</i>, iii. 216.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-53">[53]</a> Boswell writes, in his <i>Hypochondriacks</i>:&mdash;'Naturally somewhat
+    singular, independent of any additions which affectation and vanity may
+    perhaps have made, I resolved to have a more pleasing species of
+    marriage than common, and bargained with my bride that I should not be
+    bound to live with her longer than I really inclined; and that whenever
+    I tired of her domestic society I should be at liberty to give it up.
+    Eleven years have elapsed, and I have never yet wished to take advantage
+    of my stipulated privilege.' <i>London Mag</i>. 1781, p.136. See <i>ante</i>, ii.
+    140, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-54">[54]</a> Sir Walter Scott was two years old this day. He was born in a house
+    at the head of the College Wynd. When Johnson and Boswell returned to
+    Edinburgh Jeffrey was a baby there seventeen days old. Some seventeen or
+    eighteen years later 'he had the honour of assisting to carry the
+    biographer of Johnson, in a state of great intoxication, to bed. For
+    this he was rewarded next morning by Mr. Boswell clapping his head, and
+    telling him that he was a very promising lad, and that if "you go on as
+    you've begun, you may live to be a Bozzy yourself yet."' Cockburn's
+    <i>Jeffrey</i>, i. 33.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-55">[55]</a> He was one of Boswell's executors, and as such was in part
+    responsible for the destruction of his manuscripts. <i>Ante</i>, iii. 301,
+    note i. It is to his <i>Life of Dr. Beattie</i> that Scott alludes in the
+    Introduction to the fourth Canto of <i>Marmion</i>:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Scarce had lamented Forbes paid
+      The tribute to his Minstrel's shade;
+      The tale of friendship scarce was told,
+      Ere the narrator's heart was cold&mdash;
+      Far may we search before we find
+      A heart so manly and so kind.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    It is only of late years that <i>Forbes</i> has generally ceased to be a
+    dissyllable.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-56">[56]</a> The saint's name of <i>Veronica</i> was introduced into our family
+    through my great grandmother Veronica, Countess of Kincardine, a Dutch
+    lady of the noble house of Sommelsdyck, of which there is a full account
+    in Bayle's <i>Dictionary</i>. The family had once a princely right in
+    Surinam. The governour of that settlement was appointed by the States
+    General, the town of Amsterdam, and Sommelsdyck. The States General have
+    acquired Sommelsdyck's right; but the family has still great dignity and
+    opulence, and by intermarriages is connected with many other noble
+    families. When I was at the Hague, I was received with all the affection
+    of kindred. The present Sommelsdyck has an important charge in the
+    Republick, and is as worthy a man as lives. He has honoured me with his
+    correspondence for these twenty years. My great grandfather, the husband
+    of Countess Veronica, was Alexander, Earl of Kincardine, that eminent
+    <i>Royalist</i> whose character is given by Burnet in his <i>History of his own
+    Times</i>. From him the blood of <i>Bruce</i> flows in my veins. Of such
+    ancestry who would not be proud? And, as <i>Nihil est, nisi hoc sciat
+    alter</i>, is peculiarly true of genealogy, who would not be glad to seize
+    a fair opportunity to let it be known. BOSWELL. Boswell visited Holland
+    in 1763. <i>Ante</i>, i. 473. Burnet says that 'the Earl was both the wisest
+    and the worthiest man that belonged to his country, and fit for
+    governing any affairs but his own; which he by a wrong turn, and by his
+    love for the public, neglected to his ruin. His thoughts went slow and
+    his words came much slower; but a deep judgment appeared in everything
+    he said or did. I may be, perhaps, inclined to carry his character too
+    far; for he was the first man that entered into friendship with me.'
+    Burnet's <i>History</i>, ed. 1818, i. III. 'The ninth Earl succeeded as fifth
+    Earl of Elgin and thus united the two dignities.' Burke's <i>Peerage</i>.
+    Boswell's quotation is from Persius, <i>Satires</i>, i. 27: 'Scire tuum nihil
+    est, nisi te scire hoc sciat alter.' It is the motto to <i>The
+    Spectator</i>, No. 379.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-57">[57]</a> She died four months after her father. I cannot find that she
+    received this additional fortune.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-58">[58]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 47.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-59">[59]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 5, note 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-60">[60]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 231. Johnson (<i>Works</i>, ix. 33) speaks of 'the
+    general dissatisfaction which is now driving the Highlanders into the
+    other hemisphere.' This dissatisfaction chiefly arose from the fact that
+    the chiefs were 'gradually degenerating from patriarchal rulers to
+    rapacious landlords.' <i>Ib.</i> p. 86. 'That the people may not fly from the
+    increase of rent I know not whether the general good does not require
+    that the landlords be, for a time, restrained in their demands, and kept
+    quiet by pensions proportionate to their loss.... It affords a
+    legislator little self-applause to consider, that where there was
+    formerly an insurrection there is now a wilderness.' <i>Ib.</i> p. 94. 'As
+    the world has been let in upon the people, they have heard of happier
+    climates and less arbitrary government.' <i>Ib.</i> p. 128.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-61">[61]</a> 'To a man that ranges the streets of London, where he is tempted to
+    contrive wants for the pleasure of supplying them, a shop affords no
+    image worthy of attention; but in an island it turns the balance of
+    existence between good and evil. To live in perpetual want of little
+    things is a state, not indeed of torture, but of constant vexation. I
+    have in Sky had some difficulty to find ink for a letter; and if a woman
+    breaks her needle, the work is at a stop.' <i>Ib.</i> p. 127.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-62">[62]</a> 'It was demolished in 1822.' Chambers's <i>Traditions of Edinburgh</i>,
+    i. 215.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-63">[63]</a> 'The Lord reigneth; let the earth rejoice; let the multitude of
+    isles be glad thereof.' <i>Psalms</i>, xcvii.1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-64">[64]</a> A brief memoir of Mr. Carre is given in Forbes's <i>Life of Beattie</i>,
+    Appendix Z.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-65">[65]</a> It was his daughter who gave the name to the new street in which
+    Hume had taken a house by chalking on his wall ST. DAVID STREET. 'Hume's
+    "lass," judging that it was not meant in honour or reverence, ran into
+    the house much excited, to tell her master how he was made game of.
+    "Never mind, lassie," he said; "many a better man has been made a saint
+    of before."' J.H. Burton's <i>Hume</i>, ii. 436.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-66">[66]</a> The House of Lords reversed the decision of the Court of Session in
+    this cause. See <i>ante</i>, ii.50, 230.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-67">[67]</a> Ogden was Woodwardian Professor at Cambridge. The sermons were
+    published in 1770. Boswell mentions them so often that in Rowlandson's
+    caricatures of the tour he is commonly represented as having them in his
+    hand or pocket. See <i>ante</i>, iii. 248.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-68">[68]</a> 'Talking of the eminent writers in Queen Anne's reign, Johnson
+    observed, "I think Dr. Arbuthnot the first man among them.'" <i>Ante</i>,
+    i. 425.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-69">[69]</a> 'We found that by the interposition of some invisible friend
+    lodgings had been provided for us at the house of one of the professors,
+    whose easy civility quickly made us forget that we were strangers.'
+    <i>Works</i>, ix. 3.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-70">[70]</a> He is referring to Beattie's <i>Essay on Truth</i>. See <i>post</i>, Oct. 1,
+    and <i>ante</i>, ii. 201.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-71">[71]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 443, where Johnson, again speaking of Hume, and
+    perhaps of Gibbon, says:&mdash;'When a man voluntarily engages in an
+    important controversy, he is to do all he can to lessen his antagonist,
+    because authority from personal respect has much weight with most
+    people, and often more than reasoning.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-72">[72]</a> Johnson, in his Dictionary, calls <i>bubble</i> 'a cant [slang] word.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-73">[73]</a> Boswell wrote to Temple in 1768:&mdash;'David [Hume] is really amiable:
+    I always regret to him his unlucky principles, and he smiles at my
+    faith; but I have a hope which he has not, or pretends not to have. So
+    who has the best of it, my reverend friend?' <i>Letters of Boswell</i>,
+    p.151. Dr. A. Carlyle (<i>Auto</i>. pp. 274-5) says:&mdash;'Mr. Hume gave both
+    elegant dinners and suppers, and the best claret, and, which was best of
+    all, he furnished the entertainment with the most instructive and
+    pleasing conversation, for he assembled whosoever were most knowing and
+    agreeable among either the laity or clergy. For innocent mirth and
+    agreeable raillery I never knew his match....He took much to the company
+    of the younger clergy, not from a wish to bring them over to his
+    opinions, for he never attempted to overturn any man's principles, but
+    they best understood his notions, and could furnish him with literary
+    conversation.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-74">[74]</a> No doubt they were destroyed with Boswell's other papers. <i>Ante</i>,
+    iii.301, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-75">[75]</a> This letter, though shattered by the sharp shot of Dr. <i>Horne</i> of
+    <i>Oxford's</i> wit, in the character of <i>One of the People called
+    Christians</i>, is still prefixed to Mr. Hume's excellent <i>History of
+    England</i>, like a poor invalid on the piquet guard, or like a list of
+    quack medicines sold by the same bookseller, by whom a work of whatever
+    nature is published; for it has no connection with his <i>History</i>, let it
+    have what it may with what are called his <i>Philosophical</i> Works. A
+    worthy friend of mine in London was lately consulted by a lady of
+    quality, of most distinguished merit, what was the best History of
+    England for her son to read. My friend recommended Hume's. But, upon
+    recollecting that its usher was a superlative panegyrick on one, who
+    endeavoured to sap the credit of our holy religion, he revoked his
+    recommendation. I am really sorry for this ostentatious <i>alliance</i>;
+    because I admire <i>The Theory of Moral Sentiments</i>, and value the
+    greatest part of <i>An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of
+    Nations</i>. Why should such a writer be so forgetful of human comfort, as
+    to give any countenance to that dreary infidelity which would make us
+    poor indeed?' ['makes me poor indeed.' <i>Othello</i>, act iii. sc.3].
+    BOSWELL. Dr. Horne's book is entitled, <i>A Letter to Adam Smith, LL.D.,
+    On the Life, Death, and Philosophy of his Friend David Hume, Esq. By one
+    of the People called Christians</i>. Its chief wit is in the Preface. The
+    bookseller mentioned in this note was perhaps Francis Newbery, who
+    succeeded his father, Goldsmith's publisher, as a dealer in quack
+    medicines and books. They dealt in 'over thirty different nostrums,' and
+    published books of every nature. Of the father Johnson said:&mdash;'Newbery
+    is an extraordinary man, for I know not whether he has read or written
+    most books.' He is the original of 'Jack Whirler' in <i>The Idler</i>, No.
+    19. <i>A Bookseller of the Last Century</i>, pp. 22, 73.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-76">[76]</a> Hume says that his first work, his <i>Treatise of Human Nature</i>,
+    'fell <i>dead-born from the press.' Auto.</i> p.3. His <i>Enquiry concerning
+    Human Understanding</i> 'was entirely overlooked and neglected.' <i>Ib</i>. p.4.
+    His <i>Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals</i> 'came unnoticed and
+    unobserved into the world.' <i>Ib</i>. p.5. The first volume of his <i>History
+    of England</i> certainly met with numerous assailants; but 'after the first
+    ebullitions of their fury were over, what was still more mortifying, the
+    book seemed to sink into oblivion. Mr. Millar told me,' he continues,
+    'that in a twelvemonth he sold only forty-five copies of it...I was I
+    confess, discouraged, and had not the war at that time been breaking out
+    between France and England, I had certainly retired to some provincial
+    town of the former kingdom, have changed my name, and never more have
+    returned to my native country.' <i>Ib</i>. p.6. Only one of his works, his
+    <i>Political Discourses</i>, was 'successful on the first publication.' <i>Ib</i>.
+    p.5. By the time he was turned fifty, however, his books were selling
+    very well, and he had become 'not only independent but opulent.' Ib. p.
+    8. A few weeks before he died he wrote: 'I see many symptoms of my
+    literary reputation's breaking out at last with additional lustre.'
+    <i>Ib</i>. p.10.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-77">[77]</a> <i>Psalms</i>, cxix. 99.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-78">[78]</a> We learn, <i>post</i>, Oct. 29, that Robertson was cautious in his talk,
+    though we see here that he had much more courage than the professors of
+    Aberdeen or Glasgow.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-79">[79]</a> This was one of the points upon which Dr. Johnson was strangely
+    heterodox. For, surely, Mr. Burke, with his other remarkable qualities,
+    is also distinguished for his wit, and for wit of all kinds too: not
+    merely that power of language which Pope chooses to denominate wit:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     (True wit is Nature to advantage drest;
+      What oft was thought, but ne'er so well exprest.)
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    [Pope's Essay on Criticism, ii. 297.] but surprising allusions,
+    brilliant sallies of vivacity, and pleasant conceits. His speeches in
+    parliament are strewed with them. Take, for instance, the variety which
+    he has given in his wide range, yet exact detail, when exhibiting his
+    Reform Bill. And his conversation abounds in wit. Let me put down a
+    specimen. I told him, I had seen, at a <i>Blue stocking</i> assembly, a
+    number of ladies sitting round a worthy and tall friend of ours,
+    listening to his literature. 'Ay, (said he) like maids round a
+    May-pole.' I told him, I had found out a perfect definition of human
+    nature, as distinguished from the animal. An ancient philosopher said,
+    Man was 'a two-legged animal without feathers,' upon which his rival
+    Sage had a Cock plucked bare, and set him down in the school before all
+    the disciples, as a 'Philosophick Man.' Dr. Franklin said, Man was 'a
+    tool-making animal,' which is very well; for no animal but man makes a
+    thing, by means of which he can make another thing. But this applies to
+    very few of the species. My definition of <i>Man</i> is, 'a Cooking animal.'
+    The beasts have memory, judgment, and all the faculties and passions of
+    our mind in a certain degree; but no beast is a cook. The trick of the
+    monkey using the cat's paw to roast a chestnut, is only a piece of
+    shrewd malice in that <i>turpissima bestia</i>, which humbles us so sadly by
+    its similarity to us. Man alone can dress a good dish; and every man
+    whatever is more or less a cook, in seasoning what he himself eats. Your
+    definition is good, said Mr. Burke, and I now see the full force of the
+    common proverb, 'There is <i>reason</i> in roasting of eggs.' When Mr.
+    Wilkes, in his days of tumultuous opposition, was borne upon the
+    shoulders of the mob, Mr. Burke (as Mr. Wilkes told me himself, with
+    classical admiration,) applied to him what <i>Horace</i> says of <i>Pindar</i>,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     ...<i>numeris</i>que fertur
+  LEGE <i>solutis</i>. [<i>Odes</i>, iv. 2. 11.]
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Sir Joshua Reynolds, who agrees with me entirely as to Mr. Burke's.
+    fertility of wit, said, that this was 'dignifying a pun.' He also
+    observed, that he has often heard Burke say, in the course of an
+    evening, ten good things, each of which would have served a noted wit
+    (whom he named) to live upon for a twelvemonth. I find, since the former
+    edition, that some persons have objected to the instances which I have
+    given of Mr. Burke's wit, as not doing justice to my very ingenious
+    friend; the specimens produced having, it is alleged, more of conceit
+    than real wit, and being merely sportive sallies of the moment, not
+    justifying the encomium which, they think with me, he undoubtedly
+    merits. I was well aware, how hazardous it was to exhibit particular
+    instances of wit, which is of so airy and spiritual a nature as often to
+    elude the hand that attempts to grasp it. The excellence and efficacy of
+    a <i>bon mot</i> depend frequently so much on the occasion on which it is
+    spoken, on the particular manner of the speaker, on the person to whom
+    it is applied, the previous introduction, and a thousand minute
+    particulars which cannot be easily enumerated, that it is always
+    dangerous to detach a witty saying from the group to which it belongs,
+    and to set it before the eye of the spectator, divested of those
+    concomitant circumstances, which gave it animation, mellowness, and
+    relief. I ventured, however, at all hazards, to put down the first
+    instances that occurred to me, as proofs of Mr. Burke's lively and
+    brilliant fancy; but am very sensible that his numerous friends could
+    have suggested many of a superior quality. Indeed, the being in company
+    with him, for a single day, is sufficient to shew that what I have
+    asserted is well founded; and it was only necessary to have appealed to
+    all who know him intimately, for a complete refutation of the heterodox
+    opinion entertained by Dr. Johnson on this subject. <i>He</i> allowed Mr.
+    Burke, as the reader will find hereafter [<i>post</i>. Sept.15 and 30], to be
+    a man of consummate and unrivalled abilities in every light except that
+    now under consideration; and the variety of his allusions, and splendour
+    of his imagery, have made such an impression on <i>all the rest</i> of the
+    world, that superficial observers are apt to overlook his other merits,
+    and to suppose that <i>wit</i> is his chief and most prominent excellence;
+    when in fact it is only one of the many talents that he possesses, which
+    are so various and extraordinary, that it is very difficult to ascertain
+    precisely the rank and value of each. BOSWELL. For Malone's share in
+    this note, see <i>ante</i>, iii. 323, note 2. For Burke's Economical Reform
+    Bill, which was brought in on Feb. 11, 1780, see Prior's <i>Burke</i>, p.184.
+    For <i>Blue Stocking</i>, see <i>ante</i>, iv. 108. The 'tall friend of ours' was
+    Mr. Langton (<i>ante</i>, i. 336). For Franklin's definition, see <i>ante</i>,
+    iii. 245, and for Burke's classical pun, <i>ib</i>. p. 323. For Burke's
+    'talent of wit,' see <i>ante</i>, i. 453, iii. 323, iv. May 15, 1784, and
+    <i>post</i>, Sept. 15.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-80">[80]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 27, where Burke said:&mdash;'It is enough for me to have
+    rung the bell to him [Johnson].'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-81">[81]</a> See <i>ante</i>, vol. iv, May 15, 1784.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-82">[82]</a> Prior (<i>Life of Burke</i>, pp.31, 36) says that 'from the first his
+    destination was the Bar.' His name was entered at the Middle Temple in
+    1747, but he was never called. Why he gave up the profession his
+    biographer cannot tell.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-83">[83]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 437, note 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-84">[84]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 78, note 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-85">[85]</a> That cannot be said now, after the flagrant part which Mr. <i>John
+    Wesley</i> took against our American brethren, when, in his own name, he
+    threw amongst his enthusiastick flock, the very individual combustibles
+    of Dr. <i>Johnson's Taxation no Tyranny</i>; and after the intolerant spirit
+    which he manifested against our fellow-christians of the Roman Catholick
+    Communion, for which that able champion, Father <i>O'Leary</i>, has given him
+    so hearty a drubbing. But I should think myself very unworthy, if I did
+    not at the same time acknowledge Mr. John Wesley's merit, as a veteran
+    'Soldier of Jesus Christ' [2 <i>Timothy</i>, ii. 3], who has, I do believe,
+    'turned many from darkness into light, and from the power of <i>Satan</i> to
+    the living GOD' [<i>Acts</i>, xxvi. 18]. BOSWELL. Wesley wrote on Nov. 11,
+    1775 (<i>Journal</i>, iv. 56), 'I made some additions to the <i>Calm Address to
+    our American Colonies</i>. Need any one ask from what motive this was
+    wrote? Let him look round; England is in a flame! a flame of malice and
+    rage against the King, and almost all that are in authority under him. I
+    labour to put out this flame.' He wrote a few days later:&mdash;'As to
+    reviewers, news-writers, <i>London Magazines</i>, and all that kind of
+    gentlemen, they behave just as I expected they would. And let them lick
+    up Mr. Toplady's spittle still; a champion worthy of their cause.'
+    <i>Journal</i>, p. 58. In a letter published in Jan. 1780, he said:&mdash;'I
+    insist upon it, that no government, not Roman Catholic, ought to
+    tolerate men of the Roman Catholic persuasion. They ought not to be
+    tolerated by any government, Protestant, Mahometan, or Pagan.' To this
+    the Rev. Arthur O'Leary replied with great wit and force, in a pamphlet
+    entitled, <i>Remarks on the Rev. Mr. Wesley's Letters</i>. Dublin, 1780.
+    Wesley (<i>Journal</i>, iv. 365) mentions meeting O'Leary, and says:&mdash;'He
+    seems not to be wanting either in sense or learning.' Johnson wrote to
+    Wesley on Feb. 6, 1776 (Croker's <i>Boswell</i>, p. 475), 'I have thanks to
+    return you for the addition of your important suffrage to my argument on
+    the American question. To have gained such a mind as yours may justly
+    confirm me in my own opinion. What effect my paper has upon the public,
+    I know not; but I have no reason to be discouraged. The lecturer was
+    surely in the right, who, though he saw his audience slinking away,
+    refused to quit the chair while Plato staid.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-86">[86]</a> 'Powerful preacher as he was,' writes Southey, 'he had neither
+    strength nor acuteness of intellect, and his written compositions are
+    nearly worthless.' Southey's <i>Wesley,</i> i. 323. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 79.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-87">[87]</a> Mr. Burke. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 222, 285, note 3, and iii. 45.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-88">[88]</a> If due attention were paid to this observation, there would be more
+    virtue, even in politicks. What Dr. Johnson justly condemned, has, I am
+    sorry to say, greatly increased in the present reign. At the distance of
+    four years from this conversation, 21st February, 1777, My Lord
+    Archbishop of York, in his 'sermon before the Society for the
+    Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts,' thus indignantly describes
+    the then state of parties:&mdash;'Parties once had a <i>principle</i> belonging
+    to them, absurd perhaps, and indefensible, but still carrying a notion
+    of <i>duty</i>, by which honest minds might easily be caught. 'But there are
+    now <i>combinations</i> of <i>individuals</i>, who, instead of being the sons and
+    servants of the community, make a league for advancing their <i>private
+    interests</i>. It is their business to hold high the notion of <i>political
+    honour</i>. I believe and trust, it is not injurious to say, that such a
+    bond is no better than that by which the lowest and wickedest
+    combinations are held together; and that it denotes the last stage of
+    political depravity.' To find a thought, which just shewed itself to us
+    from the mind of <i>Johnson</i>, thus appearing again at such a distance of
+    time, and without any communication between them, enlarged to full
+    growth in the mind of <i>Markham</i>, is a curious object of philosophical
+    contemplation.&mdash;That two such great and luminous minds should have been
+    so dark in one corner,&mdash;that <i>they</i> should have held it to be 'Wicked
+    rebellion in the British subjects established in America, to resist the
+    abject condition of holding all their property at the mercy of British
+    subjects remaining at home, while their allegiance to our common Lord
+    the King was to be preserved inviolate,&mdash;is a striking proof to me,
+    either that 'He who sitteth in Heaven' [<i>Psalms</i>, ii.4] scorns the
+    loftiness of human pride,&mdash;or that the evil spirit, whose personal
+    existence I strongly believe, and even in this age am confirmed in that
+    belief by a <i>Fell</i>, nay, by a <i>Hurd</i>, has more power than some choose to
+    allow. BOSWELL. Horace Walpole writing on June 10, 1778, after censuring
+    Robertson for sneering at Las Casas, continues:&mdash;'Could Archbishop
+    Markham in a Sermon before the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel
+    by fire and sword paint charity in more contemptuous terms? It is a
+    Christian age.' <i>Letters</i>, vii.81. It was Archbishop Markham to whom
+    Johnson made the famous bow; <i>ante</i>, vol. iv, just before April 10,
+    1783. John Fell published in 1779 <i>Demoniacs; an Enquiry into the
+    Heathen and Scripture Doctrine of Daemons</i>. For Hurd see <i>ante</i>, under
+    June 9,1784.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-89">[89]</a> See Forster's <i>Essays</i>, ii 304-9. Mr. Forster often quotes Cooke in
+    his <i>Life of Goldsmith</i>. He describes him (i. 58) as 'a <i>young</i> Irish
+    law student who had chambers near Goldsmith in the temple.' Goldsmith
+    did not reside in the temple till 1763 (<i>ib</i>. p.336), and Cooke was old
+    enough to have published his <i>Hesiod</i> in 1728, and to have found a place
+    in <i>The Dunciad</i> (ii. 138). See Elwin and Courthope's <i>Pope</i>, x. 212,
+    for his correspondence with Pope.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-90">[90]</a> It may be observed, that I sometimes call my great friend, <i>Mr</i>.
+    Johnson, sometimes <i>Dr</i>. Johnson: though he had at this time a doctor's
+    degree from Trinity College, Dublin. The University of Oxford afterwards
+    conferred it upon him by a diploma, in very honourable terms. It was
+    some time before I could bring myself to call him Doctor; but, as he has
+    been long known by that title, I shall give it to him in the rest of
+    this Journal. BOSWELL. See <i>ante</i>, i. 488, note 3, and ii. 332, note I.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-91">[91]</a> In <i>The Idler</i>, No. viii, Johnson has the following fling at
+    tragedians. He had mentioned the terror struck into our soldiers by the
+    Indian war-cry, and he continues:&mdash;'I am of opinion that by a proper
+    mixture of asses, bulls, turkeys, geese, and tragedians a noise might be
+    procured equally horrid with the war-cry.' See <i>ante</i>, ii.92.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-92">[92]</a> <i>Tom Jones</i>, Bk. xvi. chap. 5. Mme. Necker in a letter to Garrick
+    said:&mdash;'Nos acteurs se métamorphosent assez bien, mais Monsieur Garrick
+    fait autre chose; il nous métamorphose tous dans le caractère qu'il a
+    revêtu; <i>nous sommes remplis de terreur avec Hamlet</i>,' &amp;c. <i>Garrick
+    Corres</i>. ii. 627.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-93">[93]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 432, and ii. 278.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-94">[94]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 11.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-95">[95]</a> Euphan M'Cullan (not Eupham Macallan) is mentioned in Dalrymple's
+    [Lord Hailes] <i>Remarks on the History of Scotland</i>, p. 254. She
+    maintained that 'she seldom ever prayed but she got a positive answer.'
+    The minister of her parish was ill. 'She prayed, and got an answer that
+    for a year's time he should be spared; and after the year's end he fell
+    sick again.' 'I went,' said she, 'to pray yet again for his life; but
+    the Lord left me not an mouse's likeness (a proverbial expression,
+    meaning <i>to reprove with such severity that the person reproved shrinks
+    and becomes abashed</i>), and said, 'Beast that thou art! shall I keep my
+    servant in pain for thy sake?' And when I said, 'Lord, what then shall I
+    do?' He answered me, 'He was but a reed that I spoke through, and I will
+    provide another reed to speak through.' Dalrymple points out that it was
+    a belief in these 'answers from the Lord' that led John Balfour and his
+    comrades to murder Archbishop Sharp.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-96">[96]</a> R. Chambers, in his <i>Traditions</i>, speaking of the time of Johnson's
+    visit, says (i. 21) on the authority of 'an ancient native of Edinburgh
+    that people all knew each other by sight. The appearance of a new face
+    upon the streets was at once remarked, and numbers busied themselves in
+    finding out who and what the stranger was.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-97">[97]</a> It was on this visit to the parliament-house, that Mr. Henry
+    Erskine (brother of Lord Erskine), after being presented to Dr. Johnson
+    by Mr. Boswell, and having made his bow, slipped a shilling into
+    Boswell's hand, whispering that it was for the sight of his <i>bear</i>.WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-98">[98]</a> This is one of the Libraries entitled to a copy of every new work
+    published in the United Kingdom. Hume held the office of librarian at a
+    salary of £40 a year from 1752 to 1757. J.H. Burton's <i>Hume</i>, i.367, 373.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-99">[99]</a> The Edinburgh oyster-cellars were called <i>laigh shops</i>. Chambers's
+    <i>Traditions</i>, ii. 268.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-100">[100]</a> This word is commonly used to signify <i>sullenly, gloomily</i>; and in
+    that sense alone it appears in Dr. Johnson's <i>Dictionary</i>. I suppose he
+    meant by it, 'with an <i>obstinate resolution</i>, similar to that of a
+    sullen man.' BOSWELL. Southey wrote to Scott:&mdash;'Give me more lays, and
+    correct them at leisure for after editions&mdash;not laboriously, but when
+    the amendment comes naturally and unsought for. It never does to sit
+    down doggedly to <i>correct</i>.' Southey's <i>Life</i>, iii. 126. See <i>ante</i>, i.
+    332, for the influence of seasons on composition.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-101">[101]</a> Boswell, <i>post</i>, Nov. 1, writes of '<i>old Scottish</i> enthusiasm,'
+    again italicising these two words.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-102">[102]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 410.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-103">[103]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 354.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-104">[104]</a> Cockburn (<i>Life of Jeffrey</i>, i. 182) writing of the beginning of
+    this century, describes how the General Assembly 'met in those days, as
+    it had done for about 200 years, in one of the aisles of the then grey
+    and venerable cathedral of St. Giles. That plain, square, galleried
+    apartment was admirably suited for the purpose; and it was more
+    interesting from the men who had acted in it, and the scenes it had
+    witnessed, than any other existing room in Scotland. It had beheld the
+    best exertions of the best men in the kingdom ever since the year 1640.
+    Yet was it obliterated in the year 1830 with as much indifference as if
+    it had been of yesterday; and for no reason except a childish desire for
+    new walls and change.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-105">[105]</a> I have hitherto called him Dr. William Robertson, to distinguish
+    him from Dr. James Robertson, who is soon to make his appearance. But
+    <i>Principal</i>, from his being the head of our college, is his usual
+    designation, and is shorter: so I shall use it hereafter. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-106">[106]</a> The dirtiness of the Scotch churches is taken off in <i>The Tale of
+    a Tub</i>, sect. xi:&mdash;'Neither was it possible for the united rhetoric of
+    mankind to prevail with Jack to make himself clean again.' In <i>Humphry
+    Clinker</i> (Letter of Aug. 8) we are told that 'the good people of
+    Edinburgh no longer think dirt and cobwebs essential to the house of
+    God.' Bishop Horne (<i>Essays and Thoughts</i>, p. 45) mentioning 'the maxim
+    laid down in a neighbouring kingdom that <i>cleanliness is not essential
+    to devotion</i>,' continues, 'A Church of England lady once offered to
+    attend the Kirk there, if she might be permitted to have the pew swept
+    and lined. "The pew swept and lined!" said Mess John's wife, "my husband
+    would think it downright popery."' In 1787 he wrote that there are
+    country churches in England 'where, perhaps, three or four noble
+    families attend divine service, which are suffered year after year to be
+    in a condition in which not one of those families would suffer the worst
+    room in their house to continue for a week.' <i>Essays and Thoughts</i>,
+    p. 271.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-107">[107]</a> 'Hume recommended Fergusson's friends to prevail on him to
+    suppress the work as likely to be injurious to his reputation.' When it
+    had great success he said that his opinion remained the same. He had
+    heard Helvetius and Saurin say that they had told Montesquieu that he
+    ought to suppress his <i>Esprit des Lois</i>. They were still convinced that
+    their advice was right. J. H. Burton's <i>Hume</i>, ii. 385-7. It was at
+    Fergusson's house thirteen years later that Walter Scott, a lad of
+    fifteen, saw Burns shed tears over a print by Bunbury of a soldier lying
+    dead on the snow. Lockhart's <i>Scott</i>, i. 185. See <i>ib</i>. vii. 61, for an
+    anecdote of Fergusson.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-108">[108]</a> They were pulled down in 1789. Murray's <i>Handbook for Scotland</i>,
+    ed. 1883, p. 60.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-109">[109]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 128.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-110">[110]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 357, and <i>post</i>, Johnson's <i>Tour into Wales</i>,
+    Aug. 1, 1774.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-111">[111]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'There where no statesman buys,
+        no bishop sells;
+      A virtuous palace where no
+        monarch dwells.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>An Epitaph</i>. Hamilton's Poems, ed. 1760, p. 260. See <i>ante</i>, iii. 150.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-112">[112]</a> The stanza from which he took this line is,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'But then rose up all Edinburgh,
+       They rose up by thousands three;
+     A cowardly Scot came John behind,
+     And ran him through the fair body!'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-113">[113]</a> Johnson described her as 'an old lady, who talks broad Scotch with
+    a paralytick voice, and is scarce understood by her own countrymen.'
+    <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i.109. Lord Shelburne says that 'her husband, the last
+    Duke, could neither read nor write without great difficulty.'
+    Fitzmaurice's <i>Shelburne</i>, i. 11. Dr. A. Carlyle (<i>Auto</i>. p. 107) says
+    that in 1745 he heard her say:&mdash;'I have sworn to be Duchess of Douglas
+    or never to mount a marriage bed.' She married the Duke in 1758. R.
+    Chambers wrote in 1825:&mdash;'It is a curious fact that sixty years ago
+    there was scarcely a close in the High Street but what had as many noble
+    inhabitants as are at this day to be found in the whole town.'
+    <i>Traditions of Edinburgh</i>, ed. 1825, i. 72.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-114">[114]</a> See ante, ii. 154, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-115">[115]</a> Lord Chesterfield wrote from London on Dec. 16, 1760 (<i>Misc.
+    Works</i>, iv. 291):&mdash;'I question whether you will ever see my friend
+    George Faulkner in Ireland again, he is become so great and considerable
+    a man here in the republic of letters; he has a constant table open to
+    all men of wit and learning, and to those sometimes who have neither. I
+    have been able to get him to dine with me but twice.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-116">[116]</a> Dr. Johnson one evening roundly asserted in his rough way that
+    "Swift was a shallow fellow; a very shallow fellow." Mr. Sheridan
+    replied warmly but modestly, "Pardon me, Sir, for differing from you,
+    but I always thought the Dean a very clear writer." Johnson vociferated
+    "All shallows are clear."' <i>Town and Country Mag</i>. Sept. 1769. <i>Notes
+    and Queries</i>, Jan. 1855, p. 62. See <i>ante</i>, iv. 61.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-117">[117]</a> '<i>The Memoirs of Scriblerus</i>,' says Johnson (<i>Works</i>, viii. 298),
+    'seem to be the production of Arbuthnot, with a few touches, perhaps, by
+    Pope.' Swift also was concerned in it. Johnson goes on to shew why 'this
+    joint production of three great writers has never obtained any notice
+    from mankind.' Arbuthnot was the author of <i>John Bull</i>. Swift wrote to
+    Stella on May 10, 1712:&mdash;'I hope you read <i>John Bull</i>. It was a Scotch
+    gentleman, a friend of mine, that wrote it; but they put it upon me.'
+    See <i>ante</i>, i. 425.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-118">[118]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 452, and ii. 318.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-119">[119]</a> Horace, <i>Satires</i>. I. iii. 19.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-120">[120]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 396, and ii. 298.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-121">[121]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 74.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-122">[122]</a> 'At supper there was such conflux of company that I could scarcely
+    support the tumult. I have never been well in the whole journey, and am
+    very easily disordered.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 109.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-123">[123]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 17, and under June 9, 1784.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-124">[124]</a> Johnson was thinking of Sir Matthew Hale for one.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-125">[125]</a> 'It is supposed that there were no executions for witchcraft in
+    England subsequently to the year 1682; but the Statute of I James I, c.
+    12, so minute in its enactments against witches, was not repealed till
+    the 9 Geo. II, c. 5. In Scotland, so late as the year 1722, when the
+    local jurisdictions were still hereditary [see <i>post</i>, Sept. 11], the
+    sheriff of Sutherlandshire condemned a witch to death.' <i>Penny Cyclo</i>.
+    xxvii. 490. In the Bishopric of Wurtzburg, so late as 1750, a nun was
+    burnt for witchcraft: 'Cette malheureuse fille soutint opiniâtrément
+    qu'elle était sorcière.... Elle était folle, ses juges furent imbécilles
+    et barbares.' Voltaire's <i>Works</i>, ed. 1819, xxvi. 285.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-126">[126]</a> A Dane wrote to Garrick from Copenhagen on Dec. 23, 1769:&mdash;'There
+    is some of our retinue who, not understanding a word of your language,
+    mimic your gesture and your action: so great an impression did it make
+    upon their minds, the scene of daggers has been repeated in dumb show a
+    hundred times, and those most ignorant of the English idiom can cry out
+    with rapture, "A horse, a horse; my kingdom for a horse!"' <i>Garrick
+    Corres.</i> i. 375. See <i>ante</i>, vol. iv. under Sept. 30, 1783
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-127">[127]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 466.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-128">[128]</a> Johnson, in the preface to his <i>Dictionary</i> (<i>Works</i>, v. 43),
+    after stating what he had at first planned, continues:&mdash;'But these were
+    the dreams of a poet doomed at last to wake a lexicographer.' See
+    <i>ante</i>, i. 189, note 2, and May I, 1783.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-129">[129]</a> See his letter on this subject in the APPENDIX. BOSWELL. He had
+    been tutor to Hume's nephew and was one of Hume's friends. J.H Burton's
+    <i>Hume</i>, ii. 399.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-130">[130]</a> By the Baron d'Holbach. Voltaire (<i>Works</i>, xii. 212) describes
+    this book as 'Une <i>Philippique</i> contre Dieu.' He wrote to M.
+    Saurin:&mdash;'Ce maudit livre du Système de la Nature est un péché contre
+    nature. Je vous sais bien bon gré de réprouver l'athéisme et d'aimer ce
+    vers: "Si Dieu n'existait pas, il faudrait l'inventer." Je suis rarement
+    content de mes vers, mais j'avoue que j'ai une tendresse de père pour
+    celui-là.' <i>Ib</i>. v. 418.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-131">[131]</a> One of Garrick's correspondents speaks of 'the sneer of one of
+    Johnson's ghastly smiles.' <i>Garrick Corres</i>. i. 334. 'Ghastly smile' is
+    borrowed from <i>Paradise Lost</i>, ii. 846.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-132">[132]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 212. In Chambers's <i>Traditions of Edinburgh</i>, ii.
+    158, is given a comic poem entitled <i>The Court of Session Garland</i>,
+    written by Boswell, with the help, it was said, of Maclaurin.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-133">[133]</a> Dr. John Gregory, Professor of Medicine in the University of
+    Edinburgh, died on Feb. 10 of this year. It was his eldest son James who
+    met Johnson. 'This learned family has given sixteen professors to
+    British Universities.' Chalmers's <i>Biog. Dict.</i> xvi. 289.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-134">[134]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 257, note 3.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-135">[135]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 228.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-136">[136]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 196.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-137">[137]</a> In the original, <i>cursed the form that</i>,
+		&amp;c. Johnson's <i>Works</i>, i.21.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-138">[138]</a> Mistress of Edward IV. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-139">[139]</a> Mistress of Louis XIV. BOSWELL. Voltaire, speaking of the King and
+    Mlle. de La Vallière (not Valiere, as Lord Hailes wrote her name),
+    says:&mdash;'Il goûta avec elle le bonheur rare d'être aimé uniquement pour
+    lui-même.' <i>Siècle de Louis XIV</i>, ch. 25. He describes her penitence in
+    a fine passage. <i>Ib.</i> ch. 26.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-140">[140]</a> Malone, in a note on the <i>Life of Boswell</i> under 1749, says that
+    'this lady was not the celebrated Lady Vane, whose memoirs were given to
+    the public by Dr. Smollett [in <i>Peregrine Pickle</i>], but Anne Vane, who
+    was mistress to Frederick Prince of Wales, and died in 1736, not long
+    before Johnson settled in London.' She is mentioned in a note to Horace
+    Walpole's <i>Letters</i>, 1. cxxxvi.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-141">[141]</a> Catharine Sedley, the mistress of James II, is described by
+    Macaulay, <i>Hist of Eng.</i> ed. 1874, ii. 323.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-142">[142]</a> Dr. A Carlyle (<i>Auto.</i> p. 114) tells how in 1745 he found
+    'Professor Maclaurin busy on the walls on the south side of Edinburgh,
+    endeavoring to make them more defensible [against the Pretender]. He had
+    even erected some small cannon.' See <i>ante</i>, iii, 15, for a ridiculous
+    story told of him by Goldsmith.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-143">[143]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+      'Crudelis ubique
+Luctus, ubique pavor, et plurima
+  mortis imago:'
+    'grim grief on every side,
+And fear on every side there is,
+  and many-faced is death.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Morris, Virgil <i>Aeneids</i>, ii. 368.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-144">[144]</a> Mr. Maclaurin's epitaph, as engraved on a marble tomb-stone, in the
+    Grey-Friars church-yard, Edinburgh:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Infra situs est
+     COLIN MACLAURIN,
+     Mathes. olim in Acad. Edin. Prof.
+     Electus ipso Newtono suadente.
+     H.L.P.F.
+     Non ut nomini paterno consulat,
+     Nam tali auxilio nil eget;
+     Sed ut in hoc infelici campo,
+     Ubi luctus regnant et pavor,
+     Mortalibus prorsus non absit solatium;
+     Hujus enim scripta evolve,
+     Mentemque tantarum rerum capacem
+     Corpori caduco superstitem crede.
+
+		 BOSWELL.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-145">[145]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 437, and <i>post</i>, p. 72.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-146">[146]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'What is't to us, if taxes rise or fall,
+      Thanks to our fortune we pay none at all.
+
+      No statesman e'er will  find it worth his pains
+      To tax our labours and excise our brains.
+      Burthens like these vile earthly buildings bear,
+      No tribute's laid on <i>Castles</i> in the <i>Air</i>'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Churchill's <i>Poems, Night,</i> ed. 1766, i. 89.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-147">[147]</a> Pitt, in 1784, laid a tax of ten shillings a year on every horse
+    'kept for the saddle, or to be put in carriages used solely for
+    pleasure.'<i>Parl. Hist.</i> xxiv. 1028.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-148">[148]</a> In 1763 he published the following description of himself in his
+    <i>Correspondence with Erskine</i>, ed. 1879, p.36. 'The author of the <i>Ode
+    to Tragedy</i> is a most excellent man; he is of an ancient family in the
+    west of Scotland, upon which he values himself not a little. At his
+    nativity there appeared omens of his future greatness. His parts are
+    bright; and his education has been good. He has travelled in
+    post-chaises miles without number. He is fond of seeing much of the
+    world. He eats of every good dish, especially apple-pie. He drinks old
+    hock. He has a very fine temper. He is somewhat of an humorist, and a
+    little tinctured with pride. He has a good manly countenance, and he
+    owns himself to be amorous. He has infinite vivacity, yet is observed at
+    times to have a melancholy cast. He is rather fat than lean, rather
+    short than tall, rather young than old.' He is oddly enough described in
+    Arighi's <i>Histoire de Pascal Paoli</i>, i. 231, 'En traversant la
+    Mediterranée sur de frêles navires pour venir s'asseoir au foyer de la
+    nationalité Corse, des hommes <i>graves</i> tels que Boswel et Volney
+    obéissaient sans doute à un sentiment bien plus élevé qu'au besoin
+    vulgaire d'une puérile curiosité'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-149">[149]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 400.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-150">[150]</a> For <i>respectable</i>, see <i>ante</i>, iii. 241, note 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-151">[151]</a> Boswell, in the last of his <i>Hypochondriacks</i>, says:&mdash;'I perceive
+    that my essays are not so lively as I expected they would be, but they
+    are more learned. And I beg I may not be charged with excessive
+    arrogance when I venture to say that they contain a considerable portion
+    of original thinking.'<i>London Mag</i>. 1783, p. 124.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-152">[152]</a> Burns, in <i>The Author's Earnest Cry and Prayer</i>, says:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'But could I like Montgomeries fight,
+      Or gab like Boswell.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Boswell and Burns were born within a few miles of each other, Boswell
+    being the elder by eighteen years.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+<a name="note-153">[153]</a>
+     'For pointed satire I would Buckhurst choose,
+      The best good man, with the worst-natured muse.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Rochester's <i>Imitations of Horace, Sat</i>. i. 10.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-154">[154]</a> Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. i. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 278, where he wrote to
+    Boswell:&mdash;'I have endeavoured to do you some justice in the first
+    paragraph [of the <i>Journey</i>].' The day before he started for Scotland he
+    wrote to Dr. Taylor:&mdash;'Mr. Boswell, an active lively fellow, is to
+    conduct me round the country.' <i>Notes and Queries</i>, 6th S. v. 422. 'His
+    inquisitiveness,' he said, 'is seconded by great activity.' <i>Works</i>, ix.
+    8. On Oct. 7 he wrote from Skye:&mdash;'Boswell will praise my resolution and
+    perseverance; and I shall in return celebrate his good humour and
+    perpetual cheerfulness.... It is very convenient to travel with him, for
+    there is no house where he is not received with kindness and respect.'
+    <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 198. He told Mrs. Knowles that 'Boswell was the
+    best travelling companion in the world.' <i>Ante</i>, iii. 294. Mr. Croker
+    says (<i>Croker's Boswell</i>, p. 280):&mdash;'I asked Lord Stowell in what
+    estimation he found Boswell amongst his countrymen. "Generally liked as
+    a good-natured jolly fellow," replied his lordship. "But was he
+    respected?" "Well, I think he had about the proportion of respect that
+    you might guess would be shown to a jolly fellow." His lordship thought
+    there was more regard than respect.' <i>Hebrides,</i> p. 40.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-155">[155]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 103, 411.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-156">[156]</a> There were two quarto volumes of this Diary; perhaps one of them
+    Johnson took with him. Boswell had 'accidently seen them and had read a
+    great deal in them,' as he owned to Johnson (<i>ante</i>, under Dec. 9,
+    1784), and moreover had, it should seem, copied from them (<i>ante</i>, i.
+    251). The 'few fragments' he had received from Francis Barber
+    (<i>ante</i>, i. 27).
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-157">[157]</a> In the original 'how much we lost <i>at separation</i>' Johnson's
+    <i>Works</i>, ix. I. Mr. William Nairne was afterwards a Judge of the Court
+    of Sessions by the title of Lord Dunsinnan. Sir Walter Scott wrote of
+    him:&mdash;'He was a man of scrupulous integrity. When sheriff depute of
+    Perthshire, he found upon reflection, that he had decided a poor man's
+    case erroneously; and as the only remedy, supplied the litigant
+    privately with money to carry the suit to the supreme court, where his
+    judgment was reversed.' Croker's <i>Boswell</i>, p. 280.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-158">[158]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Non illic urbes, non tu mirabere silvas:
+      Una est injusti caerula forma maris.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>Ovid. Amor.</i> L. II. El. xi.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Nor groves nor towns the ruthless ocean shows;
+     Unvaried still its azure surface flows.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<center>
+    BOSWELL.
+</center>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-159">[159]</a> See <i>ante</i>. ii. 229.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-160">[160]</a> My friend, General Campbell, Governour of Madras, tells me, that
+    they made <i>speldings</i> in the East-Indies, particularly at Bombay, where
+    they call them <i>Bambaloes</i>. BOSWELL. Johnson had told Boswell that he
+    was 'the most <i>unscottified</i> of his countrymen.'<i>Ante</i>, ii. 242.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-161">[161]</a> 'A small island, which neither of my companions had ever visited,
+    though, lying within their view, it had all their lives solicited their
+    notice.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-162">[162]</a> 'The remains of the fort have been removed to assist in
+    constructing a very useful lighthouse upon the island. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-163">[163]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Unhappy queen!
+      Unwilling I forsook your friendly state.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Dryden. [<i>Aeneid</i>, vi. 460.] BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-164">[164]</a> Dr. A. Carlyle (<i>Auto</i>. p. 331) says of his journey to London in
+    1758:&mdash;'It is to be noted that we could get no four-wheeled chaise
+    till we came to Durham, those conveyances being then only in their
+    infancy. Turnpike roads were only in their commencement in the north.'
+    'It affords a southern stranger,' wrote Johnson (<i>Works</i> ix. 2), 'a new
+    kind of pleasure to travel so commodiously without the interruption of
+    toll-gates.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-165">[165]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 265, for Lord Shelburne's statement on this
+    subject.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-166">[166]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 339, and iii. 205, note 4.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-167">[167]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 46.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-168">[168]</a> The passage quoted by Dr. Johnson is in the <i>Character of the
+    Assembly-man</i>; Butler's <i>Remains</i>, p. 232, edit. 1754:&mdash;'He preaches,
+    indeed, both in season and out of season; for he rails at Popery, when
+    the land is almost lost in Presbytery; and would cry Fire! Fire! in
+    Noah's flood.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    There is reason to believe that this piece was not written by Butler,
+    but by Sir John Birkenhead; for Wood, in his <i>Athenae Oxonienses</i>, vol.
+    ii. p. 640, enumerates it among that gentleman's works, and gives the
+    following account of it:
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>'The Assembly-man</i> (or the character of an assembly-man) written 1647,
+    <i>Lond.</i> 1662-3, in three sheets in qu. The copy of it was taken from the
+    author by those who said they could not rob, because all was theirs; so
+    excised what they liked not; and so mangled and reformed it, that it was
+    no character of an Assembly, but of themselves. At length, after it had
+    slept several years, the author published it to avoid false copies. It
+    is also reprinted in a book entit. <i>Wit and Loyalty revived</i>, in a
+    collection of some smart satyrs in verse and prose on the late times.
+    <i>Lond.</i> 1682, qu. said to be written by Abr. Cowley, Sir John
+    Birkenhead, and Hudibras, alias Sam. Butler.'&mdash;For this information I am
+    indebted to Mr. Reed, of Staple Inn. BOSWELL. This tract is in the
+    <i>Harleian Misc</i>., ed. 1810, vi. 57. Mr. Reed's quotation differs
+    somewhat from it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-169">[169]</a> 'When a Scotchman was talking against Warburton, Johnson said he
+    had more literature than had been imported from Scotland since the days
+    of Buchanan. Upon the other's mentioning other eminent writers of the
+    Scotch; "These will not do," said Johnson, "Let us have some more of
+    your northern lights; these are mere farthing candles."' Johnson's
+    <i>Works</i> (1787), xi. 208. Dr. T. Campbell records (<i>Diary</i>, p. 61) that
+    at the dinner at Mr. Dilly's, described <i>ante</i>, ii. 338, 'Dr. Johnson
+    compared England and Scotland to two lions, the one saturated with his
+    belly full, and the other prowling for prey. He defied any one to
+    produce a classical book written in Scotland since Buchanan. Robertson,
+    he said, used pretty words, but he liked Hume better; and neither of
+    them would he allow to be more to Clarendon than a rat to a cat. "A
+    Scotch surgeon may have more learning than an English one, and all
+    Scotland could not muster learning enough for Lowth's <i>Prelections</i>."'
+    See <i>ante</i>, ii. 363, and March 30, 1783.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-170">[170]</a> The poem is entitled <i>Gualterus Danistonus ad Amicos</i>. It
+    begins:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Dum studeo fungi fallentis munere vitae'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Which Prior imitates:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Studious the busy moments to deceive.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Sir Walter Scott thought that the poem praised by Johnson was 'more
+    likely the fine epitaph on John, Viscount of Dundee, translated by
+    Dryden, and beginning <i>Ultime Scotoruml</i>' Archibald Pitcairne, M.D., was
+    born in 1652, and died in 1713.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-171">[171]</a> My Journal, from this day inclusive, was read by Dr. Johnson.
+    BOSWELL. It was read by Johnson up to the second paragraph of Oct. 26.
+    Boswell, it should seem, once at least shewed Johnson a part of the
+    Journal from which he formed his <i>Life</i>. See <i>ante</i>, iii. 260, where he
+    says:&mdash;'It delighted him on a review to find that his conversation
+    teemed with point and imagery.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-172">[172]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 20, note 4.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-173">[173]</a> Goldsmith, in his <i>Present State of Polite Learning</i>, published in
+    1759, says, (ch. x):&mdash;'When the great Somers was at the helm, patronage
+    was fashionable among our nobility ... Since the days of a certain prime
+    minister of inglorious memory [Sir Robert Walpole] the learned have been
+    kept pretty much at a distance. ... The author, when unpatronised by the
+    Great, has naturally recourse to the bookseller. There cannot be perhaps
+    imagined a combination more prejudicial to taste than this. It is the
+    interest of the one to allow as little for writing, and of the other to
+    write as much as possible; accordingly tedious compilations and
+    periodical magazines are the result of their joint endeavours.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-174">[174]</a> In the first number of <i>The Rambler</i>, Johnson shews how attractive
+    to an author is the form of publication which he was himself then
+    adopting:&mdash;'It heightens his alacrity to think in how many places he
+    shall have what he is now writing read with ecstacies to-morrow.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-175">[175]</a> Yet he said 'the inhabitants of Lichfield were the most sober,
+    decent people in England.' <i>Ante</i>, ii. 463.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-176">[176]</a> At the beginning of the eighteenth century, says Goldsmith,
+    'smoking in the rooms [at Bath] was permitted.' When Nash became King of
+    Bath he put it down. Goldsmith's <i>Works</i>, ed. 1854, iv. 51. 'Johnson,'
+    says Boswell (<i>ante</i>, i. 317), 'had a high opinion of the sedative
+    influence of smoking.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-177">[177]</a> Dr. Johnson used to practise this himself very much. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-178">[178]</a> In <i>The Tatler</i>, for May 24, 1709, we are told that 'rural
+    esquires wear shirts half a week, and are drunk twice a day.' In the
+    year 1720, Fenton urged Gay 'to sell as much South Sea stock as would
+    purchase a hundred a year for life, "which will make you sure of a clean
+    shirt and a shoulder of mutton every day."' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, viii. 65.
+    In <i>Tristram Shandy</i>, ii. ch. 4, published in 1759, we read:&mdash;'It was in
+    this year [about 1700] that my uncle began to break in upon the daily
+    regularity of a clean shirt.' In <i>the Spiritual Quixote</i>, published in
+    1773 (i. 51), Tugwell says to his master:&mdash;'Your Worship belike has been
+    used to shift you twice a week.' Mrs. Piozzi (<i>Journey</i>, i. 105, date of
+    1789) says that she heard in Milan 'a travelled gentleman telling his
+    auditors how all the men in London, <i>that were noble</i>, put on a clean
+    shirt every day.' Johnson himself owned that he had 'no passion for
+    clean linen.' <i>Ante</i>, i. 397.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-179">[179]</a> Scott, in <i>Old Mortality</i>, ed. 1860, ix. 352, says:&mdash;'It was a
+    universal custom in Scotland, that, when the family was at dinner, the
+    outer-gate of the court-yard, if there was one, and if not, the door of
+    the house itself, was always shut and locked.' In a note on this he
+    says:&mdash;'The custom of keeping the door of a house or chateau locked
+    during the time of dinner probably arose from the family being anciently
+    assembled in the hall at that meal, and liable to surprise.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-180">[180]</a> Johnson, writing of 'the chapel of the alienated college,'
+    says:&mdash;'I was always by some civil excuse hindered from entering it.'
+    <i>Works</i>, ix. 4.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-181">[181]</a> George Marline's <i>Reliquiae divi Andreae</i> was published in 1797.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-182">[182]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 171, and iv. 75.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-183">[183]</a> Mr. Chambers says that Knox was buried in a place which soon after
+    became, and ever since has been, a high-way; namely, the old church-yard
+    of St. Giles in Edinburgh. Croker's <i>Boswell</i>, p. 283.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-184">[184]</a> In <i>The Rambler</i>, No. 82, Johnson makes a virtuoso write:&mdash;'I
+    often lamented that I was not one of that happy generation who
+    demolished the convents and monasteries, and broke windows by law.' He
+    had in 1754 'viewed with indignation the ruins of the Abbeys of Oseney
+    and Rewley near Oxford.' Ante, i. 273. Smollett, in <i>Humphry Clinker</i>
+    (Letrer of Aug. 8), describes St. Andrews as 'the skeleton of a
+    venerable city.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-185">[185]</a> 'Some talked of the right of society to the labour of individuals,
+    and considered retirement as a desertion of duty. Others readily allowed
+    that there was a time when the claims of the publick were satisfied, and
+    when a man might properly sequester himself to review his life and
+    purify his heart.' <i>Rasselas</i>, ch. 22.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-186">[186]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 423.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-187">[187]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 5, note 2, and v. 27.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-188">[188]</a> 'He that lives well in the world is better than he that lives well
+    in a monastery. But, perhaps, every one is not able to stem the
+    temptations of publick life, and, if he cannot conquer, he may properly
+    retreat.' <i>Rasselas</i>, ch. 47. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 435.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-189">[189]</a> 'A youthful passion for abstracted devotion should not be
+    encouraged.' <i>Ante</i>, ii. 10. The hermit in <i>Rasselas</i> (ch. 21)
+    says:&mdash;'The life of a solitary man will be certainly miserable, but not
+    certainly devout.' In Johnson's <i>Works</i> (1787), xi. 203, we read that
+    'Johnson thought worse of the vices of retirement than of those of
+    society.' Southey (<i>Life of Wesley</i>, i. 39) writes:&mdash;'Some time before
+    John Wesley's return to the University, he had travelled many miles to
+    see what is called "a serious man." This person said to him, "Sir, you
+    wish to serve God and go to heaven. Remember, you cannot serve Him
+    alone; you must therefore find companions or make them; the Bible knows
+    nothing of solitary religion." Wesley never forgot these words.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-190">[190]</a> [Erga neon, boulai de meson euchai de gerunton. <i>Hesiodi
+    Fragmenta</i>, Lipsiae 1840, p. 371]
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Let youth in deeds, in  counsel man engage;
+     Prayer is the proper duty of old age.
+		 BOSWELL.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-191">[191]</a> One 'sorrowful scene' Johnson was perhaps too late in the year to
+    see. Wesley, who visited St. Andrews on May 27, 1776, during the
+    vacation, writes (<i>Journal</i>, iv. 75):&mdash;'What is left of St. Leonard's
+    College is only a heap of ruins. Two colleges remain. One of them has a
+    tolerable square; but all the windows are broke, like those of a
+    brothel. We were informed the students do this before they leave
+    the college.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-192">[192]</a> 'He was murdered by the ruffians of reformation, in the manner of
+    which Knox has given what he himself calls a merry narrative.' Johnson's
+    <i>Works</i>, ix. 3. In May 1546 the Cardinal had Wishart the Reformer
+    killed, and at the end of the same month he got killed himself.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-193">[193]</a> Johnson says (<i>Works</i>, ix. 5):&mdash;'The doctor, by whom it was
+    shown, hoped to irritate or subdue my English vanity by telling me that
+    we had no such repository of books in England.' He wrote to Mrs. Thrale
+    (<i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 113):&mdash;'For luminousness and elegance it may vie
+    at least with the new edifice at Streatham.' 'The new edifice' was, no
+    doubt, the library of which he took the touching farewell. <i>Ante</i>,
+    iv. 158.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-194">[194]</a> 'Sorrow is properly that state of the mind in which our desires
+    are fixed upon the past, without looking forward to the future, an
+    incessant wish that something were otherwise than it has been, a
+    tormenting and harassing want of some enjoyment or possession which we
+    have lost, and which no endeavours can possibly regain.' <i>The Rambler</i>,
+    No. 47. He wrote to Mrs. Thrale on the death of her son:&mdash;'Do not
+    indulge your sorrow; try to drive it away by either pleasure or pain;
+    for, opposed to what you are feeling, many pains will become pleasures.'
+    <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 310.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-195">[195]</a> See ante, ii. 151.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-196">[196]</a> The Pembroke College grace was written by Camden. It was as
+    follows:&mdash;'Gratias tibi agimus, Deus misericors, pro acceptis a tua
+    bonitate alimentis; enixe comprecantes ut serenissimum nostrum Regem
+    Georgium, totam regiam familiam, populumque tuum universum tuta in pace
+    semper custodies.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-197">[197]</a> Sharp was murdered on May 3, 1679, in a moor near St. Andrews.
+    Burnet's <i>History of his Own time</i>, ed. 1818, ii. 82, and Scott's <i>Old
+    Mortality</i>, ed, 1860, ix. 297, and x. 203.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-198">[198]</a> 'One of its streets is now lost; and in those that remain there is
+    the silence and solitude of inactive indigence and gloomy
+    depopulation.... St. Andrews seems to be a place eminently adapted to
+    study and education.... The students, however, are represented as, at
+    this time, not exceeding a hundred. I saw no reason for imputing their
+    paucity to the present professors.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 4. A student,
+    he adds, of lower rank could get his board, lodging, and instruction for
+    less than ten pounds for the seven months of residence. Stockdale says
+    (<i>Memoirs</i>, i. 238) that 'in St. Andrews, in 1756, for a good bedroom,
+    coals, and the attendance of a servant I paid one shilling a week.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-199">[199]</a> <i>The Compleat Fencing-Master</i>, by Sir William Hope. London, 1691.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-200">[200]</a> 'In the whole time of our stay we were gratified by every mode of
+    kindness, and entertained with all the elegance of lettered hospitality'
+    Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 3.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-201">[201]</a> Dugald Stewart (<i>Life of Adam Smith</i>, p. 107) writes:&mdash;'Mr. Smith
+    observed to me not long before his death, that after all his practice in
+    writing he composed as slowly, and with as great difficulty as at first.
+    He added at the same time that Mr. Hume had acquired so great a facility
+    in this respect, that the last volumes of his <i>History</i> were printed
+    from his original copy, with a few marginal corrections.' See <i>ante</i>,
+    iii. 437 and iv. 12.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-202">[202]</a> Of these only twenty-five have been published: Johnson's <i>Works</i>,
+    ix. 289-525. See <i>ante</i>, iii. 19, note 3, and 181. Johnson wrote on
+    April 20, 1778:&mdash;'I have made sermons, perhaps as readily as formerly.'
+    <i>Pr. and Med.</i> p. 170. 'I should think,' said Lord Eldon, 'that no
+    clergyman ever wrote as many sermons as Lord Stowell. I advised him to
+    burn all his manuscripts of that kind. It is not fair to the clergymen
+    to have it known he wrote them.' Twiss's <i>Eldon</i>, iii. 286. Johnson, we
+    may be sure, had no copy of any of his sermons. That none of them should
+    be known but those he wrote for Taylor is strange.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-203">[203]</a> He made the same statement on June 3, 1781 (<i>ante</i>, iv. 127),
+    adding, 'I should be glad to see it [the translation] now.' This shows
+    that he was not speaking of his translation of <i>Lobo</i>, as Mr. Croker
+    maintains in a note on this passage. I believe he was speaking of his
+    translation of Courayer's <i>Life of Paul Sarpi. Ante</i>, i. 135.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-204">[204]</a> 'As far as I am acquainted with modern architecture, I am aware of
+    no streets which, in simplicity and manliness of style, or general
+    breadth and brightness of effect, equal those of the New Town of
+    Edinburgh. But, etc.' Ruskin's <i>Lectures on Architecture and
+    Painting</i>, p. 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-205">[205]</a> Horace, <i>Odes</i>, ii. 14. 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-206">[206]</a> John Abernethy, a Presbyterian divine. His works in 7 vols. 8vo.
+    were published in 1740-51.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-207">[207]</a> Leechman was principal of Glasgow University (<i>post</i>, Oct. 29). On
+    his appointment to the Chair of Theology he had been prosecuted for
+    heresy for having, in his <i>Sermon on Prayer</i>, omitted to state the
+    obligation to pray in the name of Christ. Dr. A. Carlyle's <i>Auto</i>. p.
+    69. One of his sermons was placed in Hume's hands, apparently that the
+    author might have his suggestions in preparing a second edition. Hume
+    says:&mdash;'First the addressing of our virtuous withes and desires to the
+    Deity, since the address has no influence on him, is only a kind of
+    rhetorical figure, in order to render these wishes more ardent and
+    passionate. This is Mr. Leechman's doctrine. Now the use of any figure
+    of speech can never be a duty. Secondly, this figure, like most figures
+    of rhetoric, has an evident impropriety in it, for we can make use of no
+    expression, or even thought, in prayers and entreaties, which does not
+    imply that these prayers have an influence. Thirdly, this figure is very
+    dangerous, and leads directly, and even unavoidably, to impiety and
+    blasphemy,' etc. J.H. Burton's <i>Hume</i>, i. 161.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-208">[208]</a> Nichols (<i>Lit. Anec.</i> ii. 555) records:&mdash;'During the whole of my
+    intimacy with Dr. Johnson he rarely permitted me to depart without some
+    sententious advice.... His words at parting were, "Take care of your
+    eternal salvation. Remember to observe the Sabbath. Let it never be a
+    day of business, nor wholly a day of dissipation." He concluded his
+    solemn farewell with, "Let my words have their due weight. They are the
+    words of a dying man." I never saw him more.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-209">[209]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 72.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-210">[210]</a> 'From the bank of the Tweed to St. Andrews I had never seen a
+    single tree which I did not believe to have grown up far within the
+    present century.... The variety of sun and shade is here utterly
+    unknown.... A tree might be a show in Scotland as a horse in Venice.
+    At St. Andrews Mr. Boswell found only one, and recommended it to my
+    notice: I told him that it was rough and low, or looked as if I thought
+    so. "This," said he, "is nothing to another a few miles off." I was still
+    less delighted to hear that another tree was not to be seen nearer.
+    "Nay," said a gentleman that stood by, "I know but of this and that tree
+    in the county."' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 7 'In all this journey [so far
+    as Slains Castle] I have not travelled an hundred yards between hedges,
+    or seen five trees fit for the carpenter.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i.120. See
+    <i>ante</i>, ii. 301.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-211">[211]</a> One of the Boswells of this branch was, in 1798, raised to the
+    bench under the title of Lord Balmuto. It was his sister who was
+    Boswell's step-mother. Rogers's <i>Boswelliana,</i> pp. 4, 82.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-212">[212]</a> 'The colony of Leuchars is a vain imagination concerning a certain
+    fleet of Danes wrecked on Sheughy Dikes.' WALTER SCOTT. 'The fishing
+    people on that coast have, however, all the appearance of being a
+    different race from the inland population, and their dialect has many
+    peculiarities.' LOCKHART. Croker's <i>Boswell</i>, p. 286.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-213">[213]</a> 'I should scarcely have regretted my journey, had it afforded
+    nothing more than the sight of Aberbrothick.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 9.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-214">[214]</a> Johnson referred, I believe, to the last of Tillotson's <i>Sermons
+    preached upon Several Occasions</i>, ed. 1673, p. 316, where the preacher
+    says:&mdash;'Supposing the <i>Scripture</i> to be a Divine Revelation, and that
+    these words (<i>This is My Body</i>), if they be in Scripture, must
+    necessarily be taken in the strict and literal sense, I ask now, What
+    greater evidence any man has that these words (<i>This is My Body</i>) are in
+    the Bible than every man has that the bread is not changed in the
+    sacrament? Nay, no man has so much, for we have only the evidence of
+    <i>one</i> sense that these words are in the Bible, but that the bread is not
+    changed we have the concurring testimony of <i>several</i> of our senses.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-215">[215]</a> This also is Tillotson's argument. 'There is no more certain
+    foundation for it [transubstantiation] in Scripture than for our
+    Saviour's being substantially changed into all those things which are
+    said of him, as that he is a <i>rock</i>, a <i>vine</i>, a <i>door</i>, and a hundred
+    other things.' <i>Ib</i>. p. 313.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-216">[216]</a> Then Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, except
+    ye eat the flesh of the son of man, and drink his blood, ye have no life
+    in you. See <i>St. John's Gospel</i>, chap. vi. 53, and following
+    verses. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-217">[217]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 26.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-218">[218]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 140, note 5, and v. 50.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-219">[219]</a> Johnson, after saying that the inn was not so good as they
+    expected, continues:&mdash;'But Mr. Boswell desired me to observe that the
+    innkeeper was an Englishman, and I then defended him as well as I
+    could.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 9.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-220">[220]</a> Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale on July 29, 1775 (<i>Piozzi Letters</i>,
+    i. 292):&mdash;' I hope I shall quickly come to Streatham...and catch a little
+    gaiety among you.' On this Baretti noted in his copy:&mdash;'<i>That</i> he never
+    caught. He thought and mused at Streatham as he did habitually
+    everywhere, and seldom or never minded what was doing about him.' On the
+    margin of i. 315 Baretti has written:&mdash;'Johnson mused as much on the road
+    to Paris as he did in his garret in London as much at a French opera as
+    in his room at Streatham.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-221">[221]</a> <i>A Biographical Sketch of Dr. Samuel Johnson,</i> by Thomas Tyers,
+    Esq. See <i>ante</i>, iii. 308.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-222">[222]</a> This description of Dr. Johnson appears to have been borrowed from
+    Tom Jones, bk. xi. ch. ii. 'The other who, like a ghost, only wanted to
+    be spoke to, readily answered, '&amp;c. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-223">[223]</a> Perhaps he gave the 'shilling extraordinary' because he 'found a
+    church,' as he says, 'clean to a degree unknown in any other part of
+    Scotland.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 9.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-224">[224]</a> See <i>ante,</i> iii. 22.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-225">[225]</a> See <i>ante,</i> May 9, 1784. Yet Johnson says (<i>Works</i>, ix. 10):&mdash;'The
+    magnetism of Lord Monboddo's conversation easily drew us out of
+    our way.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-226">[226]</a> There were several points of similarity between them; learning,
+    clearness of head, precision of speech, and a love of research on many
+    subjects which people in general do not investigate. Foote paid Lord
+    Monboddo the compliment of saying, that he was an Elzevir edition
+    of Johnson.
+</p>
+<p>
+    It has been shrewdly observed that Foote must have meant a diminutive,
+    or <i>pocket</i> edition. BOSWELL. The latter part of this note is not in the
+    first edition.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-227">[227]</a> Lord Elibank (<i>post</i>, Sept. 12) said that he would go five hundred
+    miles to see Dr. Johnson; but Johnson never said more than he meant.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-228">[228]</a> <i>Works</i>, ix. 10. Of the road to Montrose he remarks:&mdash;'When I had
+    proceeded thus far I had opportunities of observing, what I had never
+    heard, that there were many beggars in Scotland. In Edinburgh the the
+    proportion is, I think, not less than in London, and in the smaller
+    places it is far greater than in English towns of the same extent. It
+    must, however, be allowed that they are not importunate, nor clamorous.
+    They solicit silently, or very modestly.' <i>Ib.</i> p. 9. See <i>post</i>, p.
+    116, note 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-229">[229]</a> James Mill was born on April 6, 1773, at Northwater Bridge, parish
+    of Logie Pert, Forfar. The bridge was 'on the great central line of
+    communication from the north of Scotland. The hamlet is right and left
+    of the high road.' Bain's <i>Life of James Mill</i>, p. 1. Boswell and
+    Johnson, on their road to Laurence Kirk, must have passed close to the
+    cottage in which he was lying, a baby not five months old.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-230">[230]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 211.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-231">[231]</a> There is some account of him in Chambers's <i>Traditions of
+    Edinburgh</i>, ed. 1825, ii. 173, and in Dr. A. Carlyle's <i>Auto.</i> p. 136.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-232">[232]</a> G. Chalmers (<i>Life of Ruddiman</i>, p. 270) says:&mdash;'In May, 1790, Lord
+    Gardenston declared that he still intended to erect a proper monument in
+    his village to the memory of the late learned and worthy Mr. Ruddiman.'
+    In 1792 Gardenston, in his <i>Miscellanies</i>, p. 257, attacked Ruddiman.
+    'It has of late become fashionable,' he wrote, 'to speak of Ruddiman in
+    terms of the highest respect.' The monument was never raised.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-233">[233]</a> <i>A Letter to the Inhabitants of Laurence Kirk</i>, by F. Garden.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-234">[234]</a> 'Be not forgetful to entertain strangers: for thereby some have
+    entertained angels unawares.' <i>Hebrews</i> xiii, 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-235">[235]</a> This, I find, is considered as obscure. I suppose Dr. Johnson
+    meant, that I assiduously and earnestly recommended myself to some of
+    the members, as in a canvass for an election into parliament. BOSWELL.
+    See <i>ante</i>, ii, 235.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-236">[236]</a> Goldsmith in <i>Retaliation</i>, a few months later, wrote of William
+    Burke:&mdash;'Would you ask for his merits? alas! he had none; What was good
+    was spontaneous, his faults were his own.' See <i>ante</i>, iii 362, note 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-237">[237]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 260, 390, 425.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-238">[238]</a> Hannah More (<i>Memoirs</i>, i. 252) wrote of Monboddo in 1782:&mdash;'He is
+    such an extravagant adorer of the ancients, that he scarcely allows the
+    English language to be capable of any excellence, still less the French.
+    He said we moderns are entirely degenerated. I asked in what? "In
+    everything," was his answer. He loves slavery upon principle. I asked
+    him how he could vindicate such an enormity. He owned it was because
+    Plutarch justified it. He is so wedded to system that, as Lord
+    Barrington said to me the other day, rather than sacrifice his favourite
+    opinion that men were born with tails, he would be contented to wear
+    one himself.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-239">[239]</a> Scott, in a note on <i>Guy Mannering</i>, ed. 1860, iv. 267, writes of
+    Monboddo:&mdash;'The conversation of the excellent old man, his high,
+    gentleman-like, chivalrous spirit, the learning and wit with which he
+    defended his fanciful paradoxes, the kind and liberal spirit of his
+    hospitality, must render these <i>noctes coenaeque</i> dear to all who, like
+    the author (though then young), had the honour of sitting at his board.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-240">[240]</a> Lord Cockburn, writing of the title that Jeffrey took when he was
+    raised to the Bench in 1834, said:&mdash;'The Scotch Judges are styled
+    <i>Lords</i>; a title to which long usage has associated feelings of
+    reverence in the minds of the people, who could not now be soon made to
+    respect or understand <i>Mr. Justice</i>. During its strongly feudalised
+    condition, the landholders of Scotland, who were almost the sole judges,
+    were really known only by the names of their estates. It was an insult,
+    and in some parts of the country it is so still, to call a laird by his
+    personal, instead of his territorial, title. But this assumption of two
+    names, one official and one personal, and being addressed by the one and
+    subscribing by the other, is wearing out, and will soon disappear
+    entirely.' Cockburn's <i>Jeffrey</i>, i. 365. See <i>post</i>, p. 111, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-241">[241]</a> <i>Georgics</i>, i. 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-242">[242]</a> Walter Scott used to tell an instance of Lord Monboddo's
+    agricultural enthusiasm, that returning home one night after an absence
+    (I think) on circuit, he went out with a candle to look at a field of
+    turnips, then a novelty in Scotland. CROKER.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-243">[243]</a> Johnson says the same in his <i>Life of John Philips</i>, and adds:&mdash;
+    'This I was told by Miller, the great gardener and botanist, whose
+    experience was, that "there were many books written on the same subject
+    in prose, which do not contain so much truth as that poem."' <i>Works</i>,
+    vii. 234. Miller is mentioned in Walpole's <i>Letters</i>, ii. 352:&mdash;'There is
+    extreme taste in the park [Hagley]: the seats are not the best, but
+    there is not one absurdity. There is a ruined castle built by Miller,
+    that would get him his freedom, even of Strawberry: it has the true rust
+    of the Barons' Wars.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-244">[244]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 27.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-245">[245]</a> My note of this is much too short. <i>Brevis esse laboro, obscurus
+    fio</i>. ['I strive to be concise, I prove obscure.' FRANCIS. Horace, <i>Ars
+    Poet</i>. l. 25.] Yet as I have resolved that <i>the very Journal which Dr.
+    Johnson read</i>, shall be presented to the publick, I will not expand the
+    text in any considerable degree, though I may occasionally supply a word
+    to complete the sense, as I fill up the blanks of abbreviation, in the
+    writing; neither of which can be said to change the genuine <i>Journal</i>.
+    One of the best criticks of our age conjectures that the imperfect
+    passage above was probably as follows: 'In his book we have an accurate
+    display of a nation in war, and a nation in peace; the peasant is
+    delineated as truly as the general; nay, even harvest-sport, and the
+    modes of ancient theft are described.' BOSWELL. 'One of the best
+    criticks is, I believe, Malone, who had 'perused the original
+    manuscript.' See <i>ante</i>, p. 1; and <i>post</i>, Oct. 26, and under Nov. 11.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-246">[246]</a> It was in the Parliament-house that 'the ordinary Lords of
+    Session,' the Scotch Judges, that is to say, held their courts.
+    <i>Ante</i>, p. 39.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-247">[247]</a> Dr. Johnson modestly said, he had not read Homer so much as he
+    wished he had done. But this conversation shews how well he was
+    acquainted with the Maeonian bard; and he has shewn it still more in his
+    criticism upon Pope's <i>Homer</i>, in his <i>Life</i> of that Poet. My excellent
+    friend, Mr. Langton, told me, he was once present at a dispute between
+    Dr. Johnson and Mr. Burke, on the comparative merits of Homer and
+    Virgil, which was carried on with extraordinary abilities on both sides.
+    Dr. Johnson maintained the superiority of Homer. BOSWELL. Johnson told
+    Windham that he had never read through the Odyssey in the original.
+    Windham's <i>Diary</i>, p. 17. See <i>ante</i>, iii. 193, and May 1, 1783.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-248">[248]</a> Johnson ten years earlier told Boswell that he loved most 'the
+    biographical part of literature.' <i>Ante</i>, i. 425. Goldsmith said of
+    biography:&mdash;'It furnishes us with an opportunity of giving advice freely
+    and without offence.... Counsels as well as compliments are best
+    conveyed in an indirect and oblique manner, and this renders biography
+    as well as fable a most convenient vehicle for instruction. An ingenious
+    gentleman was asked what was the best lesson for youth; he answered,
+    "The life of a good man." Being again asked what was the next best, he
+    replied, "The life of a bad one."' Prior's <i>Goldsmith</i>, i. 395.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-249">[249]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 57.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-250">[250]</a> Ten years later he said:&mdash;'There is now a great deal more
+    learning in the world than there was formerly; for it is universally
+    diffused.' <i>Ante</i>, April 29,1783. Windham (<i>Diary</i>, p. 17) records
+    'Johnson's opinion that I could not name above five of my college
+    acquaintances who read Latin with sufficient ease to make it
+    pleasurable.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-251">[251]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 352.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-252">[252]</a> 'Warburton, whatever was his motive, undertook without
+    solicitation to rescue Pope from the talons of Crousaz, by freeing him
+    from the imputation of favouring fatality, or rejecting revelation; and
+    from month to month continued a vindication of the <i>Essay on Man</i> in the
+    literary journal of that time, called the <i>Republick of Letters'</i>
+    Johnson's <i>Works</i>, viii. 289. Pope wrote to Warburton of the <i>Essay on
+    Man</i>:&mdash;'You understand my work better than I do myself.' Pope's <i>Works</i>,
+    ed. 1886, ix. 211.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-253">[253]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 37, note I, and Pope's <i>Works</i>, ed. 1886, ix. 220.
+    Allen was Ralph Allen of Prior Park near Bath, to whom Fielding
+    dedicated <i>Amelia</i>, and who is said to have been the original of
+    Allworthy in <i>Tom Jones</i>. It was he of whom Pope wrote:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Let low-born Allen, with an awkward shame,
+      Do good by stealth and blush to find it fame.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>Epilogue to the Satires</i>, i. 135.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>Low-born</i> in later editions was changed to <i>humble</i>. Warburton not only
+    married his niece, but, on his death, became in her right owner of
+    Prior Park.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-254">[254]</a> Mr. Mark Pattison (<i>Satires of Pope</i>, p. 158) points out
+    Warburton's 'want of penetration in that subject [metaphysics] which he
+    considered more peculiarly his own.' He said of 'the late Mr. Baxter'
+    (Andrew Baxter, not Richard Baxter), that 'a few pages of his reasoning
+    have not only more sense and substance than all the elegant discourses
+    of Dr. Berkeley, but infinitely better entitle him to the character of a
+    great genius.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-255">[255]</a> It is of Warburton that Churchill wrote in <i>The Duellist (Poems,</i>
+    ed. 1766, ii. 82):&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'To prove his faith which all admit
+      Is at least equal to his wit,
+      And make himself a man of note,
+      He in defence of Scripture wrote;
+      So long he wrote, and long about it,
+      That e'en believers 'gan to doubt it.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-256">[256]</a> I find some doubt has been entertained concerning Dr. Johnson's
+    meaning here. It is to be supposed that he meant, 'when a king shall
+    again be entertained in Scotland.' BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-257">[257]</a> Perhaps among these ladies was the Miss Burnet of Monboddo, on
+    whom Burns wrote an elegy.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-258">[258]</a> In the <i>Rambler</i>, No. 98, entitled <i>The Necessity of Cultivating
+    Politeness</i>, Johnson says:&mdash;'The universal axiom in which all
+    complaisance is included, and from which flow all the formalities which
+    custom has established in civilized nations, is, <i>That no man shall give
+    any preference to himself.'</i> In the same paper, he says that
+    'unnecessarily to obtrude unpleasing ideas is a species of oppression.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-259">[259]</a> Act ii. sc. 5.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-260">[260]</a> Perhaps he was referring to Polyphemus's club, which was
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Of height and bulk so vast
+      The largest ship might claim it for a mast.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Pope's <i>Odyssey</i>, ix. 382.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Or to Agamemnon's sceptre:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Which never more shall leaves or blossoms bear.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>Iliad</i>, i. 310.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-261">[261]</a> 'We agreed pretty well, only we disputed in adjusting the claims
+    of merit between a shopkeeper of London and a savage of the American
+    wildernesses. Our opinions were, I think, maintained on both sides
+    without full conviction; Monboddo declared boldly for the savage, and I,
+    perhaps for that reason, sided with the citizen.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>,
+    i. 115.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-262">[262]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Heroes are much the same, the point's agreed,
+      From Macedonia's madman to the Swede;
+      The whole strange purpose of their lives to find,
+      Or make, an enemy of all mankind!
+      Not one looks backward, onward still he goes,
+      Yet ne'er looks forward further than his nose.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>Essay on Man,</i> iv. 219.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-263">[263]</a> <i>Maccaroni</i> is not in Johnson's <i>Dictionary</i>. Horace Walpole
+    (<i>Letters</i>, iv. 178) on Feb. 6, 1764, mentions 'the Maccaroni Club,
+    which is composed of all the travelled young men who wear long curls and
+    spying-glasses.' On the following Dec. 16 he says:&mdash;'The Maccaroni Club
+    has quite absorbed Arthur's; for, you know, old fools will hobble after
+    young ones.' <i>Ib.</i> p. 302. See <i>post</i>, Sept. 12, for <i>buck</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-264">[264]</a> 'We came late to Aberdeen, where I found my dear mistress's
+    letter, and learned that all our little people were happily recovered of
+    the measles. Every part of your letter was pleasing.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>,
+    i. 115. For Johnson's use of the word <i>mistress</i> in speaking of Mrs.
+    Thrale see <i>ante</i>, i. 494.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-265">[265]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 455. 'They taught us,' said one of the Professors,
+    'to raise cabbage and make shoes, How they lived without shoes may yet
+    be seen; but in the passage through villages it seems to him that
+    surveys their gardens, that when they had not cabbage they had nothing.'
+    <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 116. Johnson in the same letter says that 'New
+    Aberdeen is built of that granite which is used for the <i>new</i> pavement
+    in London.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-266">[266]</a> 'In Aberdeen I first saw the women in plaids.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>,
+    i. 116.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-267">[267]</a> Seven years later Mackintosh, on entering King's College, found
+    there the son of Johnson's old friend, 'the learned Dr. Charles Burney,
+    finishing his term at Aberdeen.' Among his fellow-students were also
+    some English Dissenters, among them Robert Hall. Mackintosh's <i>Life,</i> i.
+    10, 13. In Forbes's <i>Life of Beattie</i> (ed. 1824, p. 169) is a letter by
+    Beattie, dated Oct. 15, 1773, in which the English and Scotch
+    Universities are compared. Colman, in his <i>Random Records,</i> ii. 85,
+    gives an account of his life at Aberdeen as a student.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-268">[268]</a> Lord Bolingbroke (Works, iii. 347) in 1735 speaks of 'the little
+    care that is taken in the training up our youth,' and adds, 'surely it
+    is impossible to take less.' See <i>ante</i>, ii. 407, and iii. 12.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-269">[269]</a> <i>London, 2d May</i>, 1778. Dr. Johnson acknowledged that he was
+    himself the authour of the translation above alluded to, and dictated it
+    to me as follows:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Quos laudet vates Graius Romanus et Anglus
+     Tres tria temporibus secla dedere suis.
+     Sublime ingenium Graius; Romanus habebat
+     Carmen grande sonans; Anglus utrumque tulit.
+     Nil majus Natura capit: clarare priores
+     Quae potuere duos tertius unus habet.    BOSWELL.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    It was on May 2, 1778, that Johnson attacked Boswell with such rudeness
+    that he kept away from him for a week. <i>Ante</i>, iii. 337.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-270">[270]</a> 'We were on both sides glad of the interview, having not seen nor
+    perhaps thought on one another for many years; but we had no emulation,
+    nor had either of us risen to the other's envy, and our old kindness was
+    easily renewed.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 117.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-271">[271]</a> Johnson wrote on Sept. 30:&mdash;'Barley-broth is a constant dish, and
+    is made well in every house. A stranger, if he is prudent, will secure
+    his share, for it is not certain that he will be able to eat anything
+    else.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. p. 160.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-272">[272]</a> See <i>ante</i>. p. 24.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-273">[273]</a> <i>Genesis</i>, ix. 6.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-274">[274]</a> My worthy, intelligent, and candid friend, Dr. Kippis, informs me,
+    that several divines have thus explained the mediation of our Saviour.
+    What Dr. Johnson now delivered, was but a temporary opinion; for he
+    afterwards was fully convinced of the <i>propitiatory sacrifice</i>, as I
+    shall shew at large in my future work, <i>The Life of Samuel Johnson,
+    LL.D.</i> BOSWELL. For Dr. Kippis see <i>ante</i>, iii. 174, and for Johnson on
+    the propitiatory sacrifice, iv. 124.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-275">[275]</a> <i>Malachi</i>, iv. 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-276">[276]</a> <i>St. Luke</i>, ii 32.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-277">[277]</a> 'Healing <i>in</i> his wings,'<i>Malachi</i>, iv. 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-278">[278]</a> 'He that believeth and is baptised shall be saved; but he that
+    believeth not shall be damned.' <i>St. Mark</i>, xvi. 16.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-279">[279]</a> Mr. Langton. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 254, 265.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-280">[280]</a> Spedding's <i>Bacon</i>, vii. 271. The poem is also given in <i>The
+    Golden Treasury</i>, p. 37; where, however, 'limns <i>the</i> water' is changed
+    into 'limns <i>on</i> water.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-281">[281]</a> 'Addison now returned to his vocation, and began to plan literary
+    occupations for his future life. He purposed a tragedy on the death of
+    Socrates... He engaged in a nobler work, a defence of the Christian
+    religion, of which part was published after his death.' Johnson's
+    <i>Works</i>, vii. 441, and Addison's <i>Works</i>, ed. 1856, v. 103.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-282">[282]</a> Dr. Beattie was so kindly entertained in England, that he had not
+    yet returned home. BOSWELL. Beattie was staying in London till his
+    pension got settled. Early in July he had been told that he was to have
+    a pension of £200 a year (<i>ante</i>, ii. 264, note 2). It was not till Aug.
+    20 that it was conferred. On July 9, he, in company with Sir Joshua
+    Reynolds, received the degree of D.C.L. at Oxford. On Aug. 24, he had a
+    long interview with the King; 'who asked,' Beattie records, 'whether we
+    had any good preachers at Aberdeen. I said "Yes," and named Campbell and
+    Gerard, with whose names, however, I did not find that he was
+    acquainted.' It was this same summer that Reynolds painted him in 'the
+    allegorical picture representing the triumph of truth over scepticism
+    and infidelity' (<i>post</i>, Oct. 1, note). Forbes's <i>Beattie</i>, ed. 1824,
+    pp. 151-6, 167.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-283">[283]</a> Dr. Johnson's burgess-ticket was in these words:&mdash;'Aberdoniae,
+    vigesimo tertio die mensis Augusti, anno Domini millesimo
+    septingentesimo septuagesimo tertio, in presentia honorabilium virorum,
+    Jacobi Jopp, armigeri, praepositi, Adami Duff, Gulielmi Young, Georgii
+    Marr, et Gulielmi Forbes, Balivorum, Gulielmi Rainie Decani guildae, et
+    Joannis Nicoll Thesaurarii dicti burgi. 'Quo die vir generosus et
+    doctrina clarus, Samuel Johnson, LL.D. receptus et admissus fuit in
+    municipes et fratres guildae: praefati burgi de Aberdeen. In deditissimi
+    amoris et affectus ac eximiae observantiae tesseram, quibus dicti
+    Magistratus eum amplectuntur. Extractum per me, ALEX. CARNEGIE.'
+    BOSWELL. 'I was presented with the freedom of the city, not in a gold
+    box, but in good Latin. Let me pay Scotland one just praise; there was
+    no officer gaping for a fee; this could have been said of no city on the
+    English side of the Tweed.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 117. Baretti, in a MS.
+    note on this passage, says:&mdash;'Throughout England nothing is done for
+    nothing. Stop a moment to look at the rusticks mowing a field, and they
+    will presently quit their work to come to you, and ask something to
+    drink.' Aberdeen conferred its freedom so liberally about this time that
+    it is surprising that Boswell was passed over. George Colman the
+    younger, when a youth of eighteen, was sent to King's College. He says
+    in his worthless <i>Random Records</i>, ii. 99:&mdash;'I had scarcely been a week
+    in Old Aberdeen, when the Lord Provost of the New Town invited me to
+    drink wine with him one evening in the Town Hall; there I found a
+    numerous company assembled. The object of this meeting was soon declared
+    to me by the Lord Provost, who drank my health, and presented me with
+    the freedom of the City.' Two of his English fellow-students, of a
+    little older standing, had, he said, received the same honour. His
+    statement seemed to me incredible; but by the politeness of the
+    Town-clerk, W. Gordon, Esq., I have found out that in the main it is
+    correct. Colman, with one of the two, was admitted as an Honorary
+    Burgess on Oct. 8, 1781, being described as <i>vir generosus</i>; the other
+    had been admitted earlier. The population of Aberdeen and its suburbs in
+    1769 was, according to Pennant, 16,000. Pennant's <i>Tour</i>, p. 117.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-284">[284]</a> 'King's College in Aberdeen was an exact model of the University
+    of Paris. Its founder, Bishop [not Archbishop] Elphinstone, had been a
+    Professor at Paris and at Orleans.' Burton's <i>Scotland</i>, ed. 1873, iii.
+    404. On p. 20, Dr. Burton describes him as 'the rich accomplished
+    scholar and French courtier Elphinstone, munificently endowing a
+    University after the model of the University of Paris.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-285">[285]</a> Boswell projected the following works:&mdash;1. An edition of
+    <i>Johnson's Poems. Ante</i>, i. 16. 2. A work in which the merit of
+    Addison's poetry shall be maintained, <i>ib</i>. p. 225. 3. A <i>History of
+    Sweden</i>, ii. 156. 4. A<i> Life of Thomas Ruddiman, ib.</i> p. 216. 5. An
+    edition of Walton's<i> Lives</i> iii. 107. 6. A <i>History of the Civil War in</i>
+    <i>Great Britain in</i> 1745 and 1746, <i>ib.</i>, p. 162.
+</p>
+<p>
+    7. A <i>Life of Sir Robert Sibbald, ib.</i> p. 227. 8 An account of his own
+    Travels, <i>ib</i>. p. 300. 9. A Collection, with notes, of old tenures and
+    charters of Scotland, <i>ib</i>. p. 414, note 3. 10. A <i>History of James IV.</i>
+    11. 'A quarto volume to be embellished with fine plates, on the subject
+    of the controversy (<i>ante</i>, ii. 367) occasioned by the <i>Beggar's
+    Opera.</i>' Murray's <i>Johnsoniana</i>, ed. 1836, p. 502.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Thomas Boswell received from James IV. the estate of Auchinleck. <i>Ante</i>,
+    ii. 413. See <i>post</i>, Nov. 4.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-286">[286]</a> Mackintosh says, in his <i>Life</i>, i. 9:&mdash;'In October, 1780, I was
+    admitted into the Greek class, then taught by Mr. Leslie, who did not
+    aspire beyond teaching us the first rudiments of the language; more
+    would, I believe, have been useless to his scholars.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-287">[287]</a> 'Boswell was very angry that the Aberdeen professors would not
+    talk.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 118. Dr. Robertson and Dr. Blair, whom
+    Boswell, five years earlier, invited to meet Johnson at supper, 'with an
+    excess of prudence hardly opened their lips' (<i>ante</i>, ii. 63). At
+    Glasgow the professors did not dare to talk much (<i>post</i>, Oct. 29). On
+    another occasion when Johnson came in, the company 'were all as quiet as
+    a school upon the entrance of the headmaster.' <i>Ante</i>, iii. 332.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-288">[288]</a> Dr. Beattie says that this printer was Strahan. He had seen the
+    letter mentioned by Gerard, and many other letters too from the Bishop
+    to Strahan. 'They were,' he continues, 'very particularly acquainted.'
+    He adds that 'Strahan was eminently skilled in composition, and had
+    corrected (as he told me himself) the phraseology of both Mr. Hume and
+    Dr. Robertson.' Forbes's <i>Beattie</i>, ed. 1824, p. 341.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-289">[289]</a> An instance of this is given in Johnson's <i>Works</i>, viii.
+    288:&mdash;'Warburton had in the early part of his life pleased himself with
+    the notice of inferior wits, and corresponded with the enemies of Pope.
+    A letter was produced, when he had perhaps himself forgotten it, in
+    which he tells Concanen, "Dryden, I observe, borrows for want of
+    leisure, and Pope for want of genius; Milton out of pride, and Addison
+    out of modesty."'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-290">[290]</a> 'Goldsmith asserted that Warburton was a weak writer. "Warburton,"
+    said Johnson, "may be absurd, but he will never be weak; he flounders
+    well."' Stockdale's <i>Memoirs</i>, ii. 64. See Appendix A.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-291">[291]</a> <i>The Doctrine of Grace; or the Office and Operations of the Holy
+    Spirit vindicated from the Insults of Infidelity and the Abuses of
+    Fanaticism</i>, 1762.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-292">[292]</a> <i>A Letter to the Bishop of Gloucester, occasioned by his Tract on
+    the Office and Operations of the Holy Spirit</i>, by John Wesley, 1762.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-293">[293]</a> Malone records:&mdash;'I could not find from Mr. Walpole that his
+    father [Sir Robert] read any other book but Sydenham in his retirement.'
+    To his admiration of Sydenham his death was attributed; for it led him
+    to treat himself wrongly when he was suffering from the stone. Prior's
+    <i>Malone</i>, p. 387. Johnson wrote a <i>Life of Sydenham</i>. In it he ridicules
+    the notion that 'a man eminent for integrity <i>practised Medicine by
+    chance, and grew wise only by murder</i>.' <i>Works</i>, vi. 409.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-294">[294]</a> All this, as Dr. Johnson suspected at the time, was the immediate
+    invention of his own lively imagination; for there is not one word of it
+    in Mr. Locke's complimentary performance. My readers will, I have no
+    doubt, like to be satisfied, by comparing them; and, at any rate, it may
+    entertain them to read verses composed by our great metaphysician, when
+    a Bachelor in Physick. AUCTORI, IN TRACTATUM EJUS DE FEBRIBUS.
+</p>
+
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Febriles aestus, victumque ardoribus orbem
+       Flevit, non tantis par Medicina malis.
+     Nam post mille artes, medicae tentamina curae,
+       Ardet adhuc Febris; nec velit arte regi.
+     Praeda sumus flammis; solum hoc speramus ab igne,
+       Ut restet paucus, quem capit urna, cinis.
+     Dum quaerit medicus febris caussamque, modumque,
+       Flammarum &amp; tenebras, &amp; sine luce faces;
+     Quas tractat patitur flammas, &amp; febre calescens,
+       Corruit ipse suis victima rapta focis.
+     Qui tardos potuit morbos, artusque trementes,
+       Sistere, febrili se videt igne rapi.
+     Sic faber exesos fulsit tibicine muros;
+       Dum trahit antiquas lenta ruina domos.
+     Sed si flamma vorax miseras incenderit aedes,
+       Unica flagrantes tunc sepelire salus.
+     Fit fuga, tectonicas nemo tunc invocat artes;
+       Cum perit artificis non minus usta domus.
+     Se tandem <i>Sydenham</i> febrisque Scholaeque furori
+       Opponens, morbi quaerit, &amp; artis opem.
+     Non temere incusat tectae putedinis [putredinis] ignes;
+       Nec fictus, febres qui fovet, humor erit.
+     Non bilem ille movet, nulla hic pituita; Salutis
+       Quae spes, si fallax ardeat intus aqua?
+     Nec doctas magno rixas ostentat hiatu,
+       Quîs ipsis major febribus ardor inest.
+     Innocuas placide corpus jubet urere flammas,
+       Et justo rapidos temperat igne focos.
+     Quid febrim exstinguat, varius quid postulet usus,
+       Solari aegrotos, qua potes arte, docet,
+     Hactenus ipsa suum timuit Natura calorem,
+       Dum saepe incerto, quo calet, igne perit:
+     Dum reparat tacitos male provida sanguinis ignes,
+       Praslusit busto, fit calor iste rogus.
+     Jam secura suas foveant praecordia flammas,
+       Quem Natura negat, dat Medicina modum.
+     Nec solum faciles compescit sanguinis aestus,
+       Dum dubia est inter spemque metumque salus;
+     Sed fatale malum domuit, quodque astra malignum
+       Credimus, iratam vel genuisse <i>Stygem</i>.
+     Extorsit <i>Lachesi</i> cultros, Pestique venenum
+       Abstulit, &amp; tantos non sinit esse metus.
+     Quis tandem arte nova domitam mitescere Pestem
+       Credat, &amp; antiquas ponere posse minas?
+     Post tot mille neces, cumulataque funera busto,
+       Victa jacet parvo vulnere dira Lues.
+     Aetheriae quanquam spargunt contagia flammae,
+       Quicquid inest istis ignibus, ignis erit.
+     Delapsae coelo flammae licet acrius urant
+       Has gelida exstingui non nisi morte putas?
+     Tu meliora paras victrix Medicina; tuusque,
+       Pestis quae superat cuncta, triumphus eris [erit].
+     Vive liber, victis febrilibus ignibus; unus
+       Te simul &amp; mundum qui manet, ignis erit.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    J. LOCK, A.M. Ex. Aede Christi, Oxon. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-295">[295]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 126, 298.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-296">[296]</a> 'One of its ornaments [i.e. of
+    Marischal College] is the picture of
+    Arthur Johnston, who was principal
+    of the college, and who holds among
+    the Latin Poets of Scotland the next
+    place to the elegant Buchanan.'
+    Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 12. Pope
+    attacking Benson, who endeavoured
+    to raise himself to fame by erecting
+    monuments to Milton, and printing
+    editions of Johnson's version of
+    the <i>Psalms</i>, introduces the Scotch
+    Poet in the <i>Dunciad</i>:&mdash;
+    On two unequal crutches propped
+    he came,
+    Milton's on this, on that one Johnston's
+    name.'
+    <i>Dunciad</i>, bk. iv. l. III.
+    Johnson wrote to Boswell for a copy
+    of Johnston's <i>Poems</i> (<i>ante</i>, iii. 104)
+    and for his likeness (<i>ante</i>, March 18, 1784).
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-297">[297]</a> 'Education is here of the same price as at St. Andrews, only the
+    session is but from the 1st of November to the 1st of April' [five
+    months, instead of seven]. <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 116. In his <i>Works</i> (ix.
+    14) Johnson by mistake gives eight months to the St. Andrews session. On
+    p. 5 he gives it rightly as seven.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-298">[298]</a> Beattie, as an Aberdeen professor, was grieved at this saying when
+    he read the book. 'Why is it recorded?' he asked. 'For no reason that I
+    can imagine, unless it be in order to return evil for good.' Forbes's
+    <i>Beattie</i>, ed. 1824. p. 337.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-299">[299]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 336, and iii. 209.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-300">[300]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 65, and <i>post</i>, Nov. 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-301">[301]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 411. Johnson, no doubt, was reminded of this story
+    by his desire to get this book. Later on (<i>ante</i>, iii. 104) he asked
+    Boswell 'to be vigilant and get him Graham's <i>Telemachus</i>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-302">[302]</a> I am sure I have related this story exactly as Dr. Johnson told it
+    to me; but a friend who has often heard him tell it, informs me that he
+    usually introduced a circumstance which ought not to be omitted. 'At
+    last, Sir, Graham, having now got to about the pitch of looking at one
+    man, and talking to another, said <i>Doctor</i>, &amp;c.' 'What effect (Dr.
+    Johnson used to add) this had on Goldsmith, who was as irascible as a
+    hornet, may be easily conceived.' BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-303">[303]</a> Graham was of Eton College.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-304">[304]</a> It was to Johnson that the invitation was due. 'What I was at the
+    English Church at Aberdeen I happened to be espied by Lady Dr.
+    Middleton, whom I had sometime seen in London; she told what she had
+    seen to Mr. Boyd, Lord Errol's brother, who wrote us an invitation to
+    Lord Errol's house.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 118. Boswell, perhaps, was not
+    unwilling that the reader should think that it was to him that the
+    compliment was paid.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-305">[305]</a> 'In 1745 my friend, Tom Cumming the Quaker, said he would not
+    fight, but he would drive an ammunition cart.' <i>Ante</i>, April 28, 1783.
+    Smollett (<i>History of England</i>, iv. 293) describes how, in 1758, the
+    conquest of Senegal was due to this 'sensible Quaker,' 'this honest
+    Quaker,' as he calls him, who not only conceived the project, but 'was
+    concerned as a principal director and promoter of the expedition. If it
+    was the first military scheme of any Quaker, let it be remembered it was
+    also the first successful expedition of this war, and one of the first
+    that ever was carried on according to the pacifick system of the
+    Quakers, without the loss of a drop of blood on either side.' If there
+    was no bloodshed, it was by good luck, for 'a regular engagement was
+    warmly maintained on both sides.' It was a Quaker, then, who led the van
+    in the long line of conquests which have made Chatham's name so famous.
+    Mrs. Piozzi (<i>Anec</i>. p. 185) says:&mdash;'Dr. Johnson told me that Cummyns
+    (sic) the famous Quaker, whose friendship he valued very highly, fell a
+    sacrifice to the insults of the newspapers; having declared to him on
+    his death-bed, that the pain of an anonymous letter, written in some of
+    the common prints of the day, fastened on his heart, and threw him into
+    the slow fever of which he died.' Mr. Seward records (<i>Anec</i>. ii.
+    395):&mdash;'Mr. Cummins, the celebrated American Quaker, said of Mr. Pitt
+    (Lord Chatham):&mdash;"The first time I come to Mr. Pitt upon any business I
+    find him extremely ignorant; the second time I come to him, I find him
+    completely informed upon it."'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-306">[306]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 232.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-307">[307]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 46.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-308">[308]</a> 'From the windows the eye wanders over the sea that separates
+    Scotland from Norway, and when the winds beat with violence, must enjoy
+    all the terrifick grandeur of the tempestuous ocean. I would not for any
+    amusement wish for a storm; but as storms, whether wished or not, will
+    sometimes happen, I may say, without violation of humanity, that I
+    should willingly look out upon them from Slanes Castle.' Johnson's
+    <i>Works</i>, ix. 15.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-309">[309]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 68.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-310">[310]</a> Horace. <i>Odes</i>, i. 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-311">[311]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 428.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-312">[312]</a> Perhaps the poverty of their host led to this talk. Sir Walter
+    Scott wrote in 1814:&mdash;'Imprudence, or ill-fortune as fatal as the sands
+    of Belhelvie [shifting sands that had swallowed up a whole parish], has
+    swallowed up the estate of Errol, excepting this dreary mansion-house
+    and a farm or two adjoining.' Lockhart's <i>Scott</i>, ed. 1839, iv. 187.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-313">[313]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 421, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-314">[314]</a> Since the accession of George I. only one parliament had had so
+    few as five sessions, and it was dissolved before its time by his death.
+    One had six sessions, six seven sessions, (including the one that was
+    now sitting,) and one eight. There was therefore so little dread of a
+    sudden dissolution that for five years of each parliament the members
+    durst contradict the populace.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-315">[315]</a> To Miss Burney Johnson once said:&mdash;'Sir Joshua Reynolds possesses
+    the largest share of inoffensiveness of any man that I know.' <i>Memoirs
+    of Dr. Burney</i>, i. 343. 'Once at Mr. Thrale's, when Reynolds left the
+    room, Johnson observed:&mdash;"There goes a man not to be spoiled by
+    prosperity."' Northcote's <i>Reynolds</i>, i. 82. Burke wrote of him:&mdash;'He
+    had a strong turn for humour, and well saw the weak sides of things. He
+    enjoyed every circumstance of his good fortune, and had no affectation
+    on that subject. And I do not know a fault or weakness of his that he
+    did not convert into something that bordered on a virtue, instead of
+    pushing it to the confines of a vice.' Taylor's <i>Reynolds</i>, ii. 638.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-316">[316]</a> He visited Devonshire in 1762. <i>Ante</i>, i. 377.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-317">[317]</a> Horace Walpole, describing the coronation of George III, writes:&mdash;
+    'One there was ... the noblest figure I ever saw, the high-constable of
+    Scotland, Lord Errol; as one saw him in a space capable of containing
+    him, one admired him. At the wedding, dressed in tissue, he looked like
+    one of the Giants in Guildhall, new gilt. It added to the energy of his
+    person, that one considered him acting so considerable a part in that
+    very Hall, where so few years ago one saw his father, Lord Kilmarnock,
+    condemned to the block.' <i>Letters</i>, iii. 438. Sir William Forbes
+    says:&mdash;'He often put me in mind of an ancient Hero, and I remember Dr.
+    Johnson was positive that he resembled Homer's character of Sarpedon.'
+    <i>Life of Beattie</i>, ed. 1824, Appendix D. Mrs. Piozzi says:&mdash;'The Earl
+    dressed in his robes at the coronation and Mrs. Siddons in the character
+    of Murphy's Euphrasia were the noblest specimens of the human race I
+    ever saw.' <i>Synonymy</i>, i.43. He sprang from a race of rebels. 'He united
+    in his person,' says Forbes, 'the four earldoms of Errol, Kilmarnock,
+    Linlithgow, and Callander.' The last two were attainted in 1715, and
+    Kilmarnock in 1745. <i>Life of Beattie</i>, Appendix D.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-318">[318]</a> Lord Chesterfield, in his letters to his son [iii. 130], complains
+    of one who argued in an indiscriminate manner with men of all ranks,
+    Probably the noble lord had felt with some uneasiness what it was to
+    encounter stronger abilities than his own. If a peer will engage at
+    foils with his inferior in station, he must expect that his inferior in
+    station will avail himself of every advantage; otherwise it is not a
+    fair trial of strength and skill. The same will hold in a contest of
+    reason, or of wit.&mdash;A certain king entered the lists of genius with
+    Voltaire. The consequence was, that, though the king had great and
+    brilliant talents, Voltaire had such a superiority that his majesty
+    could not bear it; and the poet was dismissed, or escaped, from that
+    court.&mdash;In the reign of James I. of England, Crichton, Lord Sanquhar, a
+    peer of Scotland, from a vain ambition to excel a fencing-master in his
+    own art, played at rapier and dagger with him. The fencing-master, whose
+    fame and bread were at stake, put out one of his lordship's eyes.
+    Exasperated at this, Lord Sanquhar hired ruffians, and had the
+    fencing-master assassinated; for which his lordship was capitally tried,
+    condemned, and hanged. Not being a peer of England, he was tried by the
+    name of Robert Crichton, Esq.; but he was admitted to be a baron of
+    three hundred years' standing.&mdash;See the <i>State Trials</i>; and the <i>History
+    of England</i> by Hume, who applauds the impartial justice executed upon a
+    man of high rank. BOSWELL. The 'stronger abilities' that Chesterfield
+    encountered were Johnson's. Boswell thought wrongly that it was of
+    Johnson that his Lordship complained in his letters to his son. <i>Ante</i>,
+    i. 267, note 2. 'A certain King' was Frederick the Great. <i>Ante</i>, i.
+    434. The fencing-master was murdered in his own house in London, five
+    years after Sanquhar (or Sanquire) had lost his eye. Bacon, who was
+    Solicitor-General, said:&mdash;'Certainly the circumstance of time is heavy
+    unto you; it is now five years since this unfortunate man, Turner, be it
+    upon accident or despight, gave the provocation which was the seed of
+    your malice.' <i>State Trials</i>, ii. 743, and Hume's <i>History</i>, ed.
+    1802, vi. 61.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-319">[319]</a> <i>Hamlet</i>, act i. sc. 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-320">[320]</a> Perhaps Lord Errol was the Scotch Lord mentioned <i>ante</i>, iii. 170,
+    and the nobleman mentioned <i>ib</i>. p. 329.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-321">[321]</a> 'Pitied by gentle minds Kilmarnock died.' <i>Ante</i>. i. 180.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-322">[322]</a> Sir Walter Scott describes the talk that he had in 1814 near
+    Slains Castle with an old fisherman. 'The old man says Slains is now
+    inhabited by a Mr. Bowles, who comes so far from the southward that
+    naebody kens whare he comes frae. "Was he frae the Indies?" "Na; he did
+    not think he came that road. He was far frae the Southland. Naebody ever
+    heard the name of the place; but he had brought more guid out o'
+    Peterhead than a' the Lords he had seen in Slains, and he had seen
+    three."' Lockhart's <i>Scott</i>, ed. 1839, iv. 188. The first of the three
+    was Johnson's host.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-323">[323]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 153, and iii. 1, note 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-324">[324]</a> Smollett, in <i>Humphry Clinker</i> (Letter of Sept. 6), writing of the
+    Highlanders and their chiefs, says:&mdash;'The original attachment is
+    founded on something prior to the <i>feudal system</i>, about which the
+    writers of this age have made such a pother, as if it was a new
+    discovery, like the <i>Copernican system</i> ... For my part I expect to see
+    the use of trunk-hose and buttered ale ascribed to the influence of the
+    <i>feudal system</i>.' See <i>ante</i>, ii. 177.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-325">[325]</a> Mme. Riccoboni wrote to Garrick on May 3, 1769:&mdash;'Vous conviendrez
+    que les nobles sont peu ménagés par vos auteurs; le sot, le fat, ou le
+    malhonnête homme mêlé dans l'intrigue est presque toujours un lord.'
+    <i>Garrick Corres</i>, ii. 561. Dr. Moore (<i>View of Society in France</i>, i.
+    29) writing in 1779 says:&mdash;'I am convinced there is no country in Europe
+    where royal favour, high birth, and the military profession could be
+    allowed such privileges as they have in France, and where there would be
+    so few instances of their producing rough and brutal behaviour to
+    inferiors.' Mrs. Piozzi, writing in 1784, though she did not publish her
+    book till 1789, said:&mdash;'The French are really a contented race of
+    mortals;&mdash;precluded almost from possibility of adventure, the low
+    Parisian leads gentle, humble life, nor envies that greatness he never
+    can obtain.' <i>Journey through France</i>, i. 13.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-326">[326]</a> He is the worthy son of a worthy father, the late Lord Strichen,
+    one of our judges, to whose kind notice I was much obliged. Lord
+    Strichen was a man not only honest, but highly generous; for after his
+    succession to the family estate, he paid a large sum of debts contracted
+    by his predecessor, which he was not under any obligation to pay. Let me
+    here, for the credit of Ayrshire, my own county, record a noble instance
+    of liberal honesty in William Hutchison, drover, in Lanehead, Kyle, who
+    formerly obtained a full discharge from his creditors upon a composition
+    of his debts; but upon being restored to good circumstances, invited his
+    creditors last winter to a dinner, without telling the reason, and paid
+    them their full sums, principal and interest. They presented him with a
+    piece of plate, with an inscription to commemorate this extraordinary
+    instance of true worth; which should make some people in Scotland blush,
+    while, though mean themselves, they strut about under the protection of
+    great alliance, conscious of the wretchedness of numbers who have lost
+    by them, to whom they never think of making reparation, but indulge
+    themselves and their families in most unsuitable expence. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-327">[327]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 194; iii. 353; and iv. June 30, 1784.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-328">[328]</a> Malone says that 'Lord Auchinleck told his son one day that it
+    would cost him more trouble to hide his ignorance in the Scotch and
+    English law than to show his knowledge. This Mr. Boswell owned he had
+    found to be true.' <i>European Magazine</i>, 1798, p. 376.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-329">[329]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 8, note 3, and iv. 20.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-330">[330]</a> Colman had translated <i>Terence. Ante</i>, iv. 18.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-331">[331]</a> Dr. Nugent was Burke's father-in-law. <i>Ante</i>, i. 477.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-332">[332]</a> Lord Charlemont left behind him a <i>History of Italian Poetry</i>.
+    Hardy's <i>Charlemont</i>, i. 306, ii. 437.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-333">[333]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 250, and ii. 378, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-334">[334]</a> Since the first edition, it has been suggested by one of the club,
+    who knew Mr. Vesey better than Dr. Johnson and I, that we did not assign
+    him a proper place; for he was quite unskilled in Irish antiquities and
+    Celtick learning, but might with propriety have been made professor of
+    architecture, which he understood well, and has left a very good
+    specimen of his knowledge and taste in that art, by an elegant house
+    built on a plan of his own formation, at Lucan, a few miles from Dublin.
+    BOSWELL. See <i>ante</i>, iv. 28.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-335">[335]</a> Sir William Jones, who died at the age of forty-seven, had
+    'studied eight languages critically, eight less perfectly, but all
+    intelligible with a dictionary, and twelve least perfectly, but all
+    attainable.' Teignmouth's <i>Life of Sir W. Jones</i>, ed. 1815, p. 465. See
+    <i>ante</i>, iv. 69.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-336">[336]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 478.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-337">[337]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 16.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-338">[338]</a> Mackintosh in his <i>Life</i>, ii. 171, says:&mdash;'From the refinements of
+    abstruse speculation Johnson was withheld, partly perhaps by that
+    repugnance to such subtleties which much experience often inspires, and
+    partly also by a secret dread that they might disturb those prejudices
+    in which his mind had found repose from the agitations of doubt.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-339">[339]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 11, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-340">[340]</a> Our Club, originally at the Turk's Head, Gerrard-street, then at
+    Prince's, Sackville-street, now at Baxter's, Dover-street, which at Mr.
+    Garrick's funeral acquired a <i>name</i> for the first time, and was called
+    THE LITERARY CLUB, was instituted in 1764, and now consists of
+    thirty-five members. It has, since 1773, been greatly augmented; and
+    though Dr. Johnson with justice observed, that, by losing Goldsmith,
+    Garrick, Nugent, Chamier, Beauclerk, we had lost what would make an
+    eminent club, yet when I mentioned, as an accession, Mr. Fox, Dr. George
+    Fordyce, Sir Charles Bunbury, Lord Ossory, Mr. Gibbon, Dr. Adam Smith,
+    Mr. R.B. Sheridan, the Bishops of Kilaloe and St. Asaph, Dean Marley,
+    Mr. Steevens, Mr. Dunning, Sir Joseph Banks, Dr. Scott of the Commons,
+    Earl Spencer, Mr. Windham of Norfolk, Lord Elliott, Mr. Malone, Dr.
+    Joseph Warton, the Rev. Thomas Warton, Lord Lucan, Mr. Burke junior,
+    Lord Palmerston, Dr. Burney, Sir William Hamilton, and Dr. Warren, it
+    will be acknowledged that we might establish a second university of high
+    reputation. BOSWELL. Mr. (afterwards Sir) William Jones wrote in 1780
+    (<i>Life</i>, p. 241):&mdash;'Of our club I will only say that there is no branch
+    of human knowledge on which some of our members are not capable of
+    giving information.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-341">[341]</a> Here, unluckily, the windows had no pullies; and Dr. Johnson, who
+    was constantly eager for fresh air, had much struggling to get one of
+    them kept open. Thus he had a notion impressed upon him, that this
+    wretched defect was general in Scotland; in consequence of which he has
+    erroneously enlarged upon it in his <i>Journey</i>. I regretted that he did
+    not allow me to read over his book before it was printed. I should have
+    changed very little; but I should have suggested an alteration in a few
+    places where he has laid himself open to be attacked. I hope I should
+    have prevailed with him to omit or soften his assertion, that 'a
+    Scotsman must be a sturdy moralist, who does not prefer Scotland to
+    truth,' for I really think it is not founded; and it is harshly said.
+    BOSWELL. Johnson, after a half-apology for 'these diminutive
+    observations' on Scotch windows and fresh air, continues:&mdash;'The true
+    state of every nation is the state of common life.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 18.
+    Boswell a second time (<i>ante</i>, ii. 311) returns to Johnson's assertion
+    that 'a Scotchman must be a very sturdy moralist who does not love
+    Scotland better than truth; he will always love it better than inquiry.'
+    <i>Works</i>, ix. 116.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-342">[342]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 40.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-343">[343]</a> A protest may be entered on the part of most Scotsmen against the
+    Doctor's taste in this particular. A Finnon haddock dried over the smoke
+    of the sea-weed, and sprinkled with salt water during the process,
+    acquires a relish of a very peculiar and delicate flavour, inimitable on
+    any other coast than that of Aberdeenshire. Some of our Edinburgh
+    philosophers tried to produce their equal in vain. I was one of a party
+    at a dinner, where the philosophical haddocks were placed in competition
+    with the genuine Finnon-fish. These were served round without
+    distinction whence they came; but only one gentleman, out of twelve
+    present, espoused the cause of philosophy. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-344">[344]</a> It is the custom in Scotland for the judges of the Court of
+    Session to have the title of <i>lords</i>, from their estates; thus Mr.
+    Burnett is Lord <i>Monboddo</i>, as Mr. Home was Lord <i>Kames</i>. There is
+    something a little awkward in this; for they are denominated in deeds by
+    their <i>names</i>, with the addition of 'one of the Senators of the College
+    of Justice;' and subscribe their Christian and surnames, as <i>James
+    Burnett</i>, <i>Henry Home</i>, even in judicial acts. BOSWELL. See <i>ante</i>, p.
+    77, note 4.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-345">[345]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 344, where Johnson says:&mdash;'A judge may be a
+    farmer, but he is not to geld his own pigs.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-346">[346]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Not to admire is all the art I know
+      To make men happy and to keep them so.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Pope, <i>Imitations of Horace</i>, Epistles, i. vi. 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-347">[347]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 461.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-348">[348]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 152.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-349">[349]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 322.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-350">[350]</a> In the <i>Gent. Mag.</i> for 1755, p. 42, among the deaths is entered
+    'Sir James Lowther, Bart., reckoned the richest commoner in Great
+    Britain, and worth above a million.' According to Lord Shelburne, Lord
+    Sunderland, who had been advised 'to nominate Lowther one of his
+    Treasury on account of his great property,' appointed him to call on
+    him. After waiting for some time he rang to ask whether he had come,
+    'The servants answered that nobody had called; upon his repeating the
+    inquiry they said that there was an old man, somewhat wet, sitting by
+    the fireside in the hall, who they supposed had some petition to deliver
+    to his lordship. When he went out it proved to be Sir James Lowther.
+    Lord Sunderland desired him to be sent about his business, saying that
+    no such mean fellow should sit at his Treasury.' Fitzmaurice's
+    <i>Shelburne</i>, i. 34.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-351">[351]</a> I do not know what was at this time the state of the parliamentary
+    interest of the ancient family of Lowther; a family before the Conquest;
+    but all the nation knows it to be very extensive at present. A due
+    mixture of severity and kindness, oeconomy and munificence,
+    characterises its present Representative. BOSWELL. Boswell, most
+    unhappily not clearly seeing where his own genius lay, too often sought
+    to obtain fame and position by the favour of some great man. For some
+    years he courted in a very gross manner 'the present Representative,'
+    the first Earl of Lonsdale, who treated him with great brutality.
+    <i>Letters of Boswell</i>, pp. 271, 294, 324, and <i>ante</i>, iv. May 15, 1783.
+    In the <i>Ann. Reg.</i> 1771, p. 56, it is shewn how by this bad man 'the
+    whole county of Cumberland was thrown into a state of the greatest
+    terror and confusion; four hundred ejectments were served in one day.'
+    Dr. A. Carlyle (<i>Auto.</i> p. 418) says that 'he was more detested than any
+    man alive, as a shameless political sharper, a domestic bashaw, and an
+    intolerable tyrant over his tenants and dependants.' Lord Albemarle
+    (<i>Memoirs of Rockingham,</i> ii. 70) describes the 'bad Lord Lonsdale. He
+    exacted a serf-like submission from his poor and abject dependants. He
+    professed a thorough contempt for modern refinements. Grass grew in the
+    neglected approaches to his mansion.... Awe and silence pervaded the
+    inhabitants [of Penrith] when the gloomy despot traversed their streets.
+    He might have been taken for a Judge Jefferies about to open a royal
+    commission to try them as state criminals... In some years of his life
+    he resisted the payment of all bills.' Among his creditors was
+    Wordsworth's father, 'who died leaving the poet and four other helpless
+    children. The executors of the will, foreseeing the result of a legal
+    contest with <i>a millionaire,</i> withdrew opposition, trusting to Lord
+    Lonsdale's sense of justice for payment. They leaned on a broken reed,
+    the wealthy debtor "Died and made no sign."' [2 <i>Henry VI,</i> act iii. sc.
+    3.] See De Quincey's <i>Works,</i> iii. 151.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-352">[352]</a> 'Let us not,' he says, 'make too much haste to despise our
+    neighbours. Our own cathedrals are mouldering by unregarded
+    dilapidation. It seems to be part of the despicable philosophy of the
+    time to despise monuments of sacred magnificence.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 20.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-353">[353]</a> Note by Lord <i>Hailes</i>. 'The cathedral of Elgin was burnt by the
+    Lord of Badenoch, because the Bishop of Moray had pronounced an award
+    not to his liking. The indemnification that the see obtained was, that
+    the Lord of Badenoch stood for three days bare-footed at the great gate
+    of the cathedral. The story is in the Chartulary of Elgin.' BOSWELL. The
+    cathedral was rebuilt in 1407-20, but the lead was stripped from the
+    roof by the Regent Murray, and the building went to ruin. Murray's
+    <i>Handbook</i>, ed. 1867, p. 303. 'There is,' writes Johnson (<i>Works</i>, ix.
+    20), 'still extant in the books of the council an order ... directing
+    that the lead, which covers the two cathedrals of Elgin and Aberdeen,
+    shall be taken away, and converted into money for the support of the
+    army.... The two churches were stripped, and the lead was shipped to be
+    sold in Holland. I hope every reader will rejoice that this cargo of
+    sacrilege was lost at sea.' On this Horace Walpole remarks (<i>Letters</i>,
+    vii. 484):&mdash;'I confess I have not quite so heinous an idea of sacrilege
+    as Dr. Johnson. Of all kinds of robbery, that appears to me the lightest
+    species which injures nobody. Dr. Johnson is so pious that in his
+    journey to your country he flatters himself that all his readers will
+    join him in enjoying the destruction of two Dutch crews, who were
+    swallowed up by the ocean after they had robbed a church.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-354">[354]</a> I am not sure whether the Duke was at home. But, not having the
+    honour of being much known to his grace, I could not have presumed to
+    enter his castle, though to introduce even so celebrated a stranger. We
+    were at any rate in a hurry to get forward to the wildness which we came
+    to see. Perhaps, if this noble family had still preserved that
+    sequestered magnificence which they maintained when catholicks,
+    corresponding with the Grand Duke of Tuscany, we might have been induced
+    to have procured proper letters of introduction, and devoted some time
+    to the contemplation of venerable superstitious state. BOSWELL. Burnet
+    (<i>History of his own Times</i>, ii. 443, and iii. 23) mentions the Duke of
+    Gordon, a papist, as holding Edinburgh Castle for James II. in 1689.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-355">[355]</a> 'In the way, we saw for the first time some houses with
+    fruit-trees about them. The improvements of the Scotch are for immediate
+    profit; they do not yet think it quite worth their while to plant what
+    will not produce something to be eaten or sold in a very little time.'
+    <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 121.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-356">[356]</a> 'This was the first time, and except one the last, that I found
+    any reason to complain of a Scottish table.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 19.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-357">[357]</a> The following year Johnson told Hannah More that 'when he and
+    Boswell stopt a night at the spot (as they imagined) where the Weird
+    Sisters appeared to Macbeth, the idea so worked upon their enthusiasm,
+    that it quite deprived them of rest. However they learnt the next
+    morning, to their mortification, that they had been deceived, and were
+    quite in another part of the country' H. More's <i>Memoirs</i>, i. 50.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-358">[358]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 76.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-359">[359]</a> Murphy (<i>Life</i>, p. 145) says that 'his manner of reciting verses
+    was wonderfully impressive.' According to Mrs. Piozzi (<i>Anec</i>. p. 302),
+    'whoever once heard him repeat an ode of Horace would be long before
+    they could endure to hear it repeated by another.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-360">[360]</a> Then pronounced <i>Affléck</i>, though now often pronounced as it is
+    written. Ante, ii. 413.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-361">[361]</a> At this stage of his journey Johnson recorded:&mdash;'There are more
+    beggars than I have ever seen in England; they beg, if not silently, yet
+    very modestly.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 122. See ante, p. 75, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-362">[362]</a> Duncan's monument; a huge column on the roadside near Fores, more
+    than twenty feet high, erected in commemoration of the final retreat of
+    the Danes from Scotland, and properly called Swene's Stone. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-363">[363]</a> Swift wrote to Pope on May 31, 1737:&mdash;'Pray who is that Mr.
+    Glover, who writ the epick poem called <i>Leonidas</i>, which is reprinting
+    here, and has great vogue?' Swift's <i>Works</i> (1803), xx. 121. 'It passed
+    through four editions in the first year of its publication (1737-8).'
+    Lowndes's <i>Bibl. Man</i>. p. 902. Horace Walpole, in 1742, mentions
+    <i>Leonidas</i> Glover (<i>Letters</i>, i. 117); and in 1785 Hannah More writes
+    (<i>Memoirs</i>, i. 405):&mdash;'I was much amused with hearing old Leonidas
+    Glover sing his own fine ballad of <i>Hosier's Ghost</i>, which was very
+    affecting. He is past eighty [he was seventy-three]. Mr. Walpole coming
+    in just afterwards, I told him how highly I had been pleased. He begged
+    me to entreat for a repetition of it. It was the satire conveyed in this
+    little ballad upon the conduct of Sir Robert Walpole's ministry which is
+    thought to have been a remote cause of his resignation. It was a very
+    curious circumstance to see his son listening to the recital of it with
+    so much complacency.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-364">[364]</a> See ante, i. 125.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-365">[365]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 456, and <i>post</i>, Sept. 22.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-366">[366]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 82, and <i>post</i>, Oct. 27.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-367">[367]</a> 'Nairne is the boundary in this direction between the highlands
+    and lowlands; and until within a few years both English and Gaelic were
+    spoken here. One of James VI.'s witticisms was to boast that in Scotland
+    he had a town "sae lang that the folk at the tae end couldna understand
+    the tongue spoken at the tother."' Murray's <i>Handbook for Scotland</i>, ed.
+    1867, p. 308. 'Here,' writes Johnson (<i>Works</i>, ix. 21), 'I first saw
+    peat fires, and first heard the Erse language.' As he heard the girl
+    singing Erse, so Wordsworth thirty years later heard The
+    Solitary Reaper:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Yon solitary Highland Lass
+    Reaping and singing by herself.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-368">[368]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Verse softens toil, however rude the sound;
+     She feels no biting pang the while she sings;
+     Nor, as she turns the giddy wheel around,
+     Revolves the sad vicissitude of things.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>Contemplation.</i> London: Printed for R. Dodsley in Pall-mall, and sold
+    by M. Cooper, at the Globe in Paternoster-Row, 1753.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The author's name is not on the title-page. In the <i>Brit. Mus. Cata.</i>
+    the poem is entered under its title. Mr. Nichols (<i>Lit. Illus.</i> v. 183)
+    says that the author was the Rev. Richard Gifford [not Giffard] of
+    Balliol College, Oxford. He adds that 'Mr. Gifford mentioned to him with
+    much satisfaction the fact that Johnson quoted the poem in his
+    <i>Dictionary</i>.' It was there very likely that Boswell had seen the lines.
+    They are quoted under <i>wheel</i> (with changes made perhaps intentionally
+    by Johnson), as follows:
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Verse sweetens care however rude the sound;
+      All at her work the village maiden sings;
+      Nor, as she turns the giddy wheel around,
+      Revolves the sad vicissitudes of things.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>Contemplation</i>, which was published two years after Gray's <i>Elegy</i>, was
+    suggested by it. The rising, not the parting day, is described. The
+    following verse precedes the one quoted by Johnson:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Ev'n from the straw-roofed cot the note of joy
+      Flows full and frequent, as the village-fair,
+      Whose little wants the busy hour employ,
+      Chanting some rural ditty soothes her care.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Bacon, in his <i>Essay Of Vicissitude of Things</i> (No. 58), says:&mdash;'It is
+    not good to look too long upon these turning <i>wheels of vicissitude</i>
+    lest we become <i>giddy</i>' This may have suggested Gifford's last two
+    lines. <i>Reflections on a Grave, &amp;c.</i> (<i>ante</i>, ii. 26), published in
+    1766, and perhaps written in part by Johnson, has a line borrowed from
+    this poem:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'These all the hapless state of mortals show
+      The sad vicissitude of things below.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Cowper, <i>Table-Talk</i>, ed. 1786, i. 165, writes of
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'The sweet vicissitudes of day and night.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    The following elegant version of these lines by Mr. A. T. Barton, Fellow
+    and Tutor of Johnson's own College, will please the classical reader:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Musa levat duros, quamvis rudis ore, labores;
+     Inter opus cantat rustica Pyrrha suum;
+     Nec meminit, secura rotam dum versat euntem,
+     Non aliter nostris sortibus ire vices.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-369">[369]</a> He was the brother of the Rev. John M'Aulay (<i>post</i>, Oct. 25), the
+    grandfather of Lord Macaulay.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-370">[370]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 51.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-371">[371]</a> In Scotland, there is a great deal of preparation before
+    administering the sacrament. The minister of the parish examines the
+    people as to their fitness, and to those of whom he approves gives
+    little pieces of tin, stamped with the name of the parish as <i>tokens</i>,
+    which they must produce before receiving it. This is a species of
+    priestly power, and sometimes may be abused. I remember a lawsuit
+    brought by a person against his parish minister, for refusing him
+    admission to that sacred ordinance. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-372">[372]</a> See <i> post</i>, Sept. 13 and 28.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-373">[373]</a> Mr. Trevelyan (<i>Life of Macaulay</i>, ed.1877, i. 6) says: 'Johnson
+    pronounced that Mr. Macaulay was not competent to have written the book
+    that went by his name; a decision which, to those who happen to have
+    read the work, will give a very poor notion my ancestor's abilities.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-374">[374]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'The thane of Cawdor lives, A prosperous gentleman.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>Macbeth</i>, act i. sc. 3.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-375">[375]</a> According to Murray's <i>Handbook,</i> ed. 1867, p. 308, no part of the
+    castle is older than the fifteenth century.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-376">[376]</a> See <i>post</i>, Nov. 5.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-377">[377]</a> The historian. <i>Ante</i>, p. 41.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-378">[378]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 336, and <i>post</i>, Nov. 7.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-379">[379]</a> See <i>post</i>, Oct. 27.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-380">[380]</a> Baretti was the Italian. Boswell disliked him (<i>ante</i>, ii. 98
+    note), and perhaps therefore described him merely as 'a man of <i>some</i>
+    literature.' Baretti complained to Malone that 'the story as told gave
+    an unfair representation of him.' He had, he said, 'observed to Johnson
+    that the petition <i>lead us not into temptation</i> ought rather to be
+    addressed to the tempter of mankind than a benevolent Creator. "Pray,
+    Sir," said Johnson, "do you know who was the author of the Lord's
+    Prayer?" Baretti, who did not wish to get into any serious dispute and
+    who appears to be an Infidel, by way of putting an end to the
+    conversation, only replied:&mdash;"Oh, Sir, you know by <i>our</i> religion (Roman
+    Catholic) we are not permitted to read the Scriptures. You can't
+    therefore expect an answer."' Prior's <i>Malone</i>, p. 399. Sir Joshua
+    Reynolds, on hearing this from Malone, said:&mdash;'This turn which Baretti
+    now gives to the matter was an after-thought; for he once said to me
+    myself:&mdash;"There are various opinions about the writer of that prayer;
+    some give it to St. Augustine, some to St. Chrysostom, &amp;c. What is your
+    opinion? "' <i>Ib</i>. p. 394. Mrs. Piozzi says that she heard 'Baretti tell
+    a clergyman the story of Dives and Lazarus as the subject of a poem he
+    once had composed in the Milanese district, expecting great credit for
+    his powers of invention.' Hayward's <i>Piozzi</i>, ii. 348.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-381">[381]</a> Goldsmith (<i>Present Slate of Polite Learning</i>, chap. 13) thus
+    wrote of servitorships: 'Surely pride itself has dictated to the fellows
+    of our colleges the absurd passion of being attended at meals, and on
+    other public occasions, by those poor men who, willing to be scholars,
+    come in upon some charitable foundation. It implies a contradiction for
+    men to be at once learning the <i>liberal</i> arts, and at the same time
+    treated as <i>slaves</i>; at once studying freedom and practising servitude.'
+    Yet a young man like Whitefield was willing enough to be a servitor. He
+    had been a waiter in his mother's inn; he was now a waiter in a college,
+    but a student also. See my <i>Dr. Johnson: His Friends and his
+    Critics</i>, p. 27.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-382">[382]</a> Dr. Johnson did not neglect what he had undertaken. By his
+    interest with the Rev. Dr. Adams, master of Pembroke College, Oxford,
+    where he was educated for some time, he obtained a servitorship for
+    young M'Aulay. But it seems he had other views; and I believe went
+    abroad. BOSWELL. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 380.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-383">[383]</a> 'I once drank tea,' writes Lamb, 'in company with two Methodist
+    divines of different persuasions. Before the first cup was handed round,
+    one of these reverend gentlemen put it to the other, with all due
+    solemnity, whether he chose to <i>say anything</i>. It seems it is the custom
+    with some sectaries to put up a short prayer before this meal also. His
+    reverend brother did not at first quite apprehend him, but upon an
+    explanation, with little less importance he made answer that it was not
+    a custom known in his church.' <i>Essay on Grace before Meat</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-384">[384]</a> He could not bear to have it thought that, in any instance
+    whatever, the Scots are more pious than the English. I think grace as
+    proper at breakfast as at any other meal. It is the pleasantest meal we
+    have. Dr. Johnson has allowed the peculiar merit of breakfast in
+    Scotland. BOSWELL. 'If an epicure could remove by a wish in quest of
+    sensual gratification, wherever he had supped he would breakfast in
+    Scotland.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 52.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-385">[385]</a> Bruce, the Abyssinian Traveller, found in the annals of that
+    region a king named <i>Brus</i>, which he chooses to consider the genuine
+    orthography of the name. This circumstance occasioned some mirth at the
+    court of Gondar. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-386">[386]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 169, note 2, and <i>post</i>, Sept. 2. Johnson, so far
+    as I have observed, spelt the name <i>Boswel</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-387">[387]</a> Sir Eyre Coote was born in 1726. He took part in the battle of
+    Plassey in 1757, and commanded at the reduction of Pondicherry in 1761.
+    In 1770-71 he went by land to Europe. In 1780 he took command of the
+    English army against Hyder Ali, whom he repeatedly defeated. He died in
+    1783. Chalmers's <i>Biog. Dict</i>. x. 236. There is a fine description of
+    him in Macaulay's <i>Essays</i>, ed. 1843, iii. 385.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-388">[388]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 361.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-389">[389]</a> Reynolds wrote of Johnson:&mdash;'He sometimes, it must be confessed,
+    covered his ignorance by generals rather than appear ignorant' Taylor's
+    <i>Reynolds</i>, ii. 457.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-390">[390]</a> 'The barracks are very handsome, and form several regular and good
+    streets.' Pennant's <i>Tour</i>, p. 144.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-391">[391]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 45.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-392">[392]</a> Here Dr. Johnson gave us part of a conversation held between a
+    Great Personage and him, in the library at the Queen's Palace, in the
+    course of which this contest was considered. I have been at great pains
+    to get that conversation as perfectly preserved as possible. It may
+    perhaps at some future time be given to the publick. BOSWELL. For 'a
+    Great Personage' see <i>ante</i>, i. 219; and for the conversation, ii. 33.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-393">[393]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 73, 228, 248; iii. 4 and June 15, 1784.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-394">[394]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 167, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-395">[395]</a> Booth acted <i>Cato</i>, and Wilks Juba when Addison's <i>Cato</i> was
+    brought out. Pope told Spence that 'Lord Bolingbroke's carrying his
+    friends to the house, and presenting Booth with a purse of guineas for
+    so well representing the character of a person "who rather chose to die
+    than see a general for life," carried the success of the play much
+    beyond what they ever expected.' Spence's <i>Anec</i>. p. 46. Bolingbroke
+    alluded to the Duke of Marlborough. Pope in his <i>Imitations of Horace</i>,
+    2 Epist. i. 123 introduces 'well-mouth'd Booth.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-396">[396]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 35, and under Sept. 30, 1783.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-397">[397]</a> 'Garrick used to tell, that Johnson said of an actor who played
+    Sir Harry Wildair at Lichfield, "There is a courtly vivacity about the
+    fellow;" when, in fact, according to Garrick's account, "he was the most
+    vulgar ruffian that ever went upon <i>boards</i>."' <i>Ante</i>, ii. 465.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-398">[398]</a> Mrs. Cibber was the sister of Dr. Arne the musical composer, and
+    the wife of Theophilus Cibber, Colley Cibber's son. She died in 1766,
+    and was buried in the cloisters of Westminster Abbey. Baker's <i>Biog.
+    Dram.</i> i. 123.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-399">[399]</a> See <i>ante</i>, under Sept. 30, 1783.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-400">[400]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 197, and ii. 348.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-401">[401]</a> Johnson had set him to repeat the ninth commandment, and had with
+    great glee put him right in the emphasis. <i>Ante</i>, i. 168.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-402">[402]</a> Act iii. sc. 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-403">[403]</a> Boswell's suggestion is explained by the following passage in
+    Johnson's <i>Works</i>, viii. 463:&mdash;'Mallet was by his original one of the
+    Macgregors, a clan that became about sixty years ago, under the conduct
+    of Robin Roy, so formidable and so infamous for violence and robbery,
+    that the name was annulled by a legal abolition.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-404">[404]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 410, where he said to an Irish gentleman:&mdash;'Do
+    not make an union with us, Sir. We should unite with you, only to rob
+    you. We should have robbed the Scotch, if they had had anything of which
+    we could have robbed them.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-405">[405]</a> It is remarkable that Dr. Johnson read this gentle remonstrance,
+    and took no notice of it to me. BOSWELL. See <i>post</i>, Oct. 12, note.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-406">[406]</a> <i>St. Matthew</i>, v. 44.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-407">[407]</a> It is odd that Boswell did not suspect the parson, who, no doubt,
+    had learnt the evening before from Mr. Keith that the two travellers
+    would be present at his sermon. Northcote (<i>Life of Reynolds</i>, ii. 283)
+    says that one day at Sir Joshua's dinner-table, when his host praised
+    Malone very highly for his laborious edition of <i>Shakespeare</i>, he
+    (Northcote) 'rather hastily replied, "What a very despicable creature
+    must that man be who thus devotes himself, and makes another man his
+    god;" when Boswell, who sat at my elbow, and was not in my thoughts at
+    the time, cried out "Oh! Sir Joshua, then that is me!"'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-408">[408]</a> Johnson (<i>Works</i>, ix. 23) more cautiously says:&mdash;'Here is a
+    castle, called the castle of Macbeth.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-409">[409]</a> 'This short dialogue between Duncan and Banquo, whilst they are
+    approaching the gates of Macbeth's castle, has always appeared to me a
+    striking instance of what in painting is termed <i>repose</i>. Their
+    conversation very naturally turns upon the beauty of its situation, and
+    the pleasantness of the air; and Banquo, observing the martlet's nests
+    in every recess of the cornice, remarks that where those birds most
+    breed and haunt the air is delicate. The subject of this quiet and easy
+    conversation gives that repose so necessary to the mind after the
+    tumultuous bustle of the preceding scenes, and perfectly contrasts the
+    scene of horror that immediately succeeds. It seems as if Shakespeare
+    asked himself, what is a prince likely to say to his attendants on such
+    an occasion? whereas the modern writers seem, on the contrary, to be
+    always searching for new thoughts, such as would never occur to men in
+    the situation which is represented. This also is frequently the practice
+    of Homer, who from the midst of battles and horrors relieves and
+    refreshes the mind of the reader by introducing some quiet rural image,
+    or picture of familiar domestick life.' Johnson's <i>Shakespeare</i>.
+    Northcote (<i>Life of Reynolds</i>, i. 144-151) quotes other notes
+    by Reynolds.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-410">[410]</a> In the original <i>senses</i>. Act i, sc. 6.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-411">[411]</a> Act i. sc. 5.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-412">[412]</a> Boswell forgets <i>scoundrelism</i>, <i>ante</i>, p. 106, which, I suppose,
+    Johnson coined.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-413">[413]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 154, note 3. Peter Paragraph is one of the
+    characters in Foote's Comedy of <i>The Orators</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-414">[414]</a> When upon the subject of this <i>peregrinity</i>, he told me some
+    particulars concerning the compilation of his <i>Dictionary</i>, and
+    concerning his throwing off Lord Chesterfield's patronage, of which very
+    erroneous accounts have been circulated. These particulars, with others
+    which he afterwards gave me,&mdash;as also his celebrated letter to Lord
+    Chesterfield, which he dictated to me,&mdash;I reserve for his <i>Life.</i>
+    BOSWELL. See <i>ante,</i> i. 221, 261.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-415">[415]</a> See <i>ante,</i> ii. 326, 371, and v. 18.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-416">[416]</a> It is the third edition, published in 1778, that first bears this
+    title. The first edition was published in 1761, and the second in 1762.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-417">[417]</a> 'One of them was a man of great liveliness and activity, of whom
+    his companion said that he would tire any horse in Inverness. Both of
+    them were civil and ready-handed Civility seems part of the national
+    character of Highlanders.' <i>Works,</i> ix. 25.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-418">[418]</a> 'The way was very pleasant; the rock out of which the road was cut
+    was covered with birch trees, fern, and heath. The lake below was
+    beating its bank by a gentle wind.... In one part of the way we had
+    trees on both sides for perhaps half a mile. Such a length of shade,
+    perhaps, Scotland cannot shew in any other place.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i.
+    123. The travellers must have passed close by the cottage where James
+    Mackintosh was living, a child of seven.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-419">[419]</a> Boswell refers, I think, to a passage in act iv. sc. I of
+    Farquhar's Comedy, where Archer says to Mrs. Sullen:&mdash;'I can't at this
+    distance, Madam, distinguish the figures of the embroidery.' This
+    passage is copied by Goldsmith in <i>She Stoops to Conquer</i>, act iii.,
+    where Marlow says to Miss Hardcastle: 'Odso! then you must shew me your
+    embroidery.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-420">[420]</a> Johnson (<i>Works</i>, ix. 28) gives a long account of this woman.
+    'Meal she considered as expensive food, and told us that in spring, when
+    the goats gave milk, the children could live without it.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-421">[421]</a> It is very odd, that when these roads were made, there was no care
+    taken for <i>Inns</i>. The <i>King's House</i>, and the <i>General's Hut</i>, are
+    miserable places; but the project and plans were purely military. WALTER
+    SCOTT. Johnson found good entertainment here, 'We had eggs and bacon and
+    mutton, with wine, rum, and whisky. I had water.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>,
+    i. 124.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-422">[422]</a> 'Mr. Boswell, who between his father's merit and his own is sure
+    of reception wherever he comes, sent a servant before,' &amp;c. Johnson's
+    <i>Works</i>, ix. 30.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-423">[423]</a> On April 6, 1777, Johnson noted down: 'I passed the night in such
+    sweet uninterrupted sleep as I have not known since I slept at Fort
+    Augustus.' <i>Pr. and Med.</i> p.159. On Nov. 21, 1778, he wrote to Boswell:
+    'The best night that I have had these twenty years was at Fort
+    Augustus.' <i>Ante</i>, iii. 369.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-424">[424]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 246.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-425">[425]</a> A McQueen is a Highland mode of expression. An Englishman would
+    say <i>one</i> McQueen. But where there are <i>clans</i> or <i>tribes</i> of men,
+    distinguished by <i>patronymick</i> surnames, the individuals of each are
+    considered as if they were of different species, at least as much as
+    nations are distinguished; so that a <i>McQueen</i>, a <i>McDonald</i>, a
+    <i>McLean</i>, is said, as we say a Frenchman, an Italian, a Spaniard. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-426">[426]</a> 'I praised the propriety of his language, and was answered that I
+    need not wonder, for he had learnt it by grammar. By subsequent
+    opportunities of observation I found that my host's diction had nothing
+    peculiar. Those Highlanders that can speak English commonly speak it
+    well, with few of the words and little of the tone by which a Scotchman
+    is distinguished ... By their Lowland neighbours they would not
+    willingly be taught; for they have long considered them as a mean and
+    degenerate race.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 31. He wrote to Mrs. Thrale:
+    'This man's conversation we were glad of while we staid. He had been
+    out, as they call it, in forty-five, and still retained his old
+    opinions.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 130.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-427">[427]</a> By the Chevalier Ramsay.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-428">[428]</a> 'From him we first heard of the general dissatisfaction which is
+    now driving the Highlanders into the other hemisphere; and when I asked
+    him whether they would stay at home if they were well treated, he
+    answered with indignation that no man willingly left his native country.
+    Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 33. See <i>ante</i>, p. 27.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-429">[429]</a> 'The chief glory of every people arises from its authors.' <i>Ib.</i>
+    v. 49.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-430">[430]</a> Four years later, three years after Goldsmith's death, Johnson
+    'observed in Lord Scarsdale's dressing-room Goldsmith's <i>Animated
+    Nature</i>; and said, "Here's our friend. The poor doctor would have been
+    happy to hear of this."' <i>Ante</i>, iii.162.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-431">[431]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 348 and ii. 438 and <i>post</i>, Sept. 23. Mackintosh
+    says: 'Johnson's idea that a ship was a prison with the danger of
+    drowning is taken from Endymion Porter's <i>Consolation to Howell</i> on his
+    imprisonment in the <i>Fleet</i>, and was originally suggested by the pun.'
+    <i>Life of Mackintosh</i>, ii. 83. The passage to which he refers is found in
+    Howell's letter of Jan. 2, 1646 (book ii. letter 39), in which he writes
+    to Porter:&mdash;'You go on to prefer my captivity in this <i>Fleet</i> to that of
+    a voyager at sea, in regard that he is subject to storms and springing
+    of leaks, to pirates and picaroons, with other casualties.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-432">[432]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 242.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-433">[433]</a> This book has given rise to much enquiry, which has ended in
+    ludicrous surprise. Several ladies, wishing to learn the kind of reading
+    which the great and good Dr. Johnson esteemed most fit for a young
+    woman, desired to know what book he had selected for this Highland
+    nymph. 'They never adverted (said he) that I had no <i>choice</i> in the
+    matter. I have said that I presented her with a book which I <i>happened</i>
+    to have about me.' And what was this book? My readers, prepare your
+    features for merriment. It was <i>Cocker's Arithmetick</i>!&mdash;Wherever this
+    was mentioned, there was a loud laugh, at which Johnson, when present,
+    used sometimes to be a little angry. One day, when we were dining at
+    General Oglethorpe's, where we had many a valuable day, I ventured to
+    interrogate him. 'But, Sir, is it not somewhat singular that you should
+    <i>happen</i> to have <i>Cocker's Arithmetick</i> about you on your journey? What
+    made you buy such a book at Inverness?' He gave me a very sufficient
+    answer. 'Why, Sir, if you are to have but one book with you upon a
+    journey, let it be a book of science. When you have read through a book
+    of entertainment, you know it, and it can do no more for you; but a book
+    of science is inexhaustible.' BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Johnson thus mentions his gift: 'I presented her with a book which I
+    happened to have about me, and should not be pleased to think that she
+    forgets me.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 32. The first edition of <i>Cocker's Arithmetic</i>
+    was published about 1660. <i>Brit. Mus. Cata.</i> Though Johnson says that 'a
+    book of science is inexhaustible,' yet in <i>The Rambler</i>, No. 154, he
+    asserts that 'the principles of arithmetick and geometry may be
+    comprehended by a close attention in a few days.' Mrs. Piozzi says
+    (<i>Anec</i>. p. 77) that 'when Mr. Johnson felt his fancy disordered, his
+    constant recurrence was to arithmetic; and one day that he was confined
+    to his chamber, and I enquired what he had been doing to divert himself,
+    he shewed me a calculation which I could scarce be made to understand,
+    so vast was the plan of it; no other indeed than that the national debt,
+    computing it at £180,000,000, would, if converted into silver, serve to
+    make a meridian of that metal, I forget how broad, for the globe of the
+    whole earth.' See <i>ante</i>, iii. 207, and iv. 171, note 3.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-434">[434]</a> Swift's <i>Works</i> (1803), xxiv. 63.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-435">[435]</a> 'We told the soldiers how kindly we had been treated at the
+    garrison, and, as we were enjoying the benefit of their labours, begged
+    leave to shew our gratitude by a small present.... They had the true
+    military impatience of coin in their pockets, and had marched at least
+    six miles to find the first place where liquor could be bought. Having
+    never been before in a place so wild and unfrequented I was glad of
+    their arrival, because I knew that we had made them friends; and to gain
+    still more of their goodwill we went to them, where they were carousing
+    in the barn, and added something to our former gift.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 31-2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-436">[436]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Why rather sleep, liest thou in smoky cribs,
+      Upon uneasy pallets stretching thee.' &amp;c.
+
+          2 <i>Henry IV.</i> act iii. sc. 1.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-437">[437]</a> Spain, in 1719, sent a strong force under the Duke of Ormond to
+    Scotland in behalf of the Chevalier. Owing to storms only a few hundred
+    men landed. These were joined by a large body of Highlanders, but being
+    attacked by General Wightman, the clansmen dispersed and the Spaniards
+    surrendered. Smollett's <i>England</i>, ed. 1800, ii. 382.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-438">[438]</a> Boswell mentions this <i>ante</i>, i. 41, as a proof of Johnson's
+    'perceptive quickness.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-439">[439]</a> Dr. Johnson, in his <i>Journey</i>, thus beautifully describes his
+    situation here:&mdash;'I sat down on a bank, such as a writer of romance
+    might have delighted to feign. I had, indeed, no trees to whisper over
+    my head; but a clear rivulet streamed at my feet. The day was calm, the
+    air soft, and all was rudeness, silence, and solitude. Before me, and on
+    either side, were high hills, which, by hindering the eye from ranging,
+    forced the mind to find entertainment for itself. Whether I spent the
+    hour well, I know not; for here I first conceived the thought of this
+    narration.' The <i>Critical Reviewers</i>, with a spirit and expression
+    worthy of the subject, say,&mdash;'We congratulate the publick on the event
+    with which this quotation concludes, and are fully persuaded that the
+    hour in which the entertaining traveller conceived this narrative will
+    be considered, by every reader of taste, as a fortunate event in the
+    annals of literature. Were it suitable to the task in which we are at
+    present engaged, to indulge ourselves in a poetical flight, we would
+    invoke the winds of the Caledonian Mountains to blow for ever, with
+    their softest breezes, on the bank where our author reclined, and
+    request of Flora, that it might be perpetually adorned with the gayest
+    and most fragrant productions of the year.' BOSWELL. Johnson thus
+    described the scene to Mrs. Thrale:&mdash;'I sat down to take notes on a
+    green bank, with a small stream running at my feet, in the midst of
+    savage solitude, with mountains before me and on either hand covered
+    with heath. I looked around me, and wondered that I was not more
+    affected, but the mind is not at all times equally ready to be put in
+    motion.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 131.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-440">[440]</a> 'The villagers gathered about us in considerable numbers, I
+    believe without any evil intention, but with a very savage wildness of
+    aspect and manner.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 38.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-441">[441]</a> The M'Craas, or Macraes, were since that time brought into the
+    king's army, by the late Lord Seaforth. When they lay in Edinburgh
+    Castle in 1778, and were ordered to embark for Jersey, they with a
+    number of other men in the regiment, for different reasons, but
+    especially an apprehension that they were to be sold to the East-India
+    Company, though enlisted not to be sent out of Great-Britain without
+    their own consent, made a determined mutiny, and encamped upon the lofty
+    mountain, <i>Arthur's seat</i>, where they remained three days and three
+    nights; bidding defiance to all the force in Scotland. At last they came
+    down, and embarked peaceably, having obtained formal articles of
+    capitulation, signed by Sir Adolphus Oughton, commander in chief,
+    General Skene, deputy commander, the Duke of Buccleugh, and the Earl of
+    Dunmore, which quieted them. Since the secession of the Commons of Rome
+    to the <i>Mons Sacer</i>, a more spirited exertion has not been made. I gave
+    great attention to it from first to last, and have drawn up a particular
+    account of it. Those brave fellows have since served their country
+    effectually at Jersey, and also in the East-Indies, to which, after
+    being better informed, they voluntarily agreed to go. BOSWELL. The line
+    which Boswell quotes is from <i>The Chevalier's Muster Roll</i>:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'The laird of M'Intosh is coming,
+      M'Crabie &amp; M'Donald's coming,
+      M'Kenzie &amp; M'Pherson's coming,
+      And the wild M'Craw's coming.
+      Little wat ye wha's coming,
+      Donald Gun and a's coming.'
+         Hogg's <i>Jacobite Relics</i>, i. 152.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Horace Walpole (<i>Letters</i>, vii. 198) writing on May 9, 1779, tells how
+    on May 1 'the French had attempted to land [on Jersey], but Lord
+    Seaforth's new-raised regiment of 700 Highlanders, assisted by some
+    militia and some artillery, made a brave stand and repelled the
+    intruders.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-442">[442]</a> 'One of the men advised her, with the cunning that clowns never
+    can be without, to ask more; but she said that a shilling was enough. We
+    gave her half a crown, and she offered part of it again.' <i>Piozzi
+    Letters</i>, i. 133.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-443">[443]</a> Of this part of the journey Johnson wrote:&mdash;'We had very little
+    entertainment as we travelled either for the eye or ear. There are, I
+    fancy, no singing birds in the Highlands.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 135. It
+    is odd that he should have looked for singing birds on the first of
+    September.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-444">[444]</a> Act iii. sc. 4.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-445">[445]</a> It is amusing to observe the different images which this being
+    presented to Dr. Johnson and me. The Doctor, in his <i>Journey</i>, compares
+    him to a Cyclops. BOSWELL. 'Out of one of the beds on which we were to
+    repose, started up at our entrance, a man black as a Cyclops from the
+    forge.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 44. Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale:&mdash;'When we were
+    taken up stairs, a dirty fellow bounced out of the bed where one of us
+    was to lie. Boswell blustered, but nothing could be got'. <i>Piozzi
+    Letters</i>, i, 136. Macaulay (<i>Essays</i>, ed. 1843, i. 404) says: 'It is
+    clear that Johnson himself did not think in the dialect in which he
+    wrote. The expressions which came first to his tongue were simple,
+    energetic, and picturesque. When he wrote for publication, he did his
+    sentences out of English into Johnsonese. His letters from the Hebrides
+    to Mrs. Thrale are the original of that work of which the <i>Journey to
+    the Hebrides</i> is the translation; and it is amusing to compare the two
+    versions.' Macaulay thereupon quotes these two passages. See <i>ante</i>,
+    under Aug. 29, 1783.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-446">[446]</a> 'We had a lemon and a piece of bread, which supplied me with my
+    supper.'<i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i, 136. Goldsmith, who in his student days had
+    been in Scotland, thus writes of a Scotch inn:&mdash;'Vile entertainment is
+    served up, complained of, and sent down; up comes worse, and that also
+    is changed, and every change makes our wretched cheer more unsavoury.'
+    <i>Present State of Polite Learning</i>, ch. 12.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-447">[447]</a> General Wolfe, in his letter from Head-quarters on Sept. 2, 1759,
+    eleven days before his death wrote:&mdash;'In this situation there is such a
+    choice of difficulties that I own myself at a loss how to determine.'
+    <i>Ann. Reg.</i> 1759, p. 246.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-448">[448]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 89.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-449">[449]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 169, note 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-450">[450]</a> Boswell, in a note that he added to the second edition (see
+    <i>post</i>, end of the <i>Journal</i>), says that he has omitted 'a few
+    observations the publication of which might perhaps be considered as
+    passing the bounds of a strict decorum,' In the first edition (p. 165)
+    the next three paragraphs were as follows:&mdash;'Instead of finding the head
+    of the Macdonalds surrounded with his clan, and a festive entertainment,
+    we had a small company, and cannot boast of our cheer. The particulars
+    are minuted in my Journal, but I shall not trouble the publick with
+    them. I shall mention but one characteristick circumstance. My shrewd
+    and hearty friend Sir Thomas (Wentworth) Blacket, Lady Macdonald's
+    uncle, who had preceded us in a visit to this chief, upon being asked by
+    him if the punch-bowl then upon the table was not a very handsome one,
+    replied, "Yes&mdash;if it were full." 'Sir Alexander Macdonald having been an
+    Eton scholar, Dr. Johnson had formed an opinion of him which was much
+    diminished when he beheld him in the isle of Sky, where we heard heavy
+    complaints of rents racked, and the people driven to emigration. Dr.
+    Johnson said, "It grieves me to see the chief of a great clan appear to
+    such disadvantage. This gentleman has talents, nay some learning; but he
+    is totally unfit for this situation. Sir, the Highland chiefs should not
+    be allowed to go farther south than Aberdeen. A strong-minded man, like
+    his brother Sir James, may be improved by an English education; but in
+    general they will be tamed into insignificance." 'I meditated an escape
+    from this house the very next day; but Dr. Johnson resolved that we
+    should weather it out till Monday.' Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale:&mdash;'We
+    saw the isle of Skie before us, darkening the horizon with its rocky
+    coast. A boat was procured, and we launched into one of the straits of
+    the Atlantick Ocean. We had a passage of about twelve miles to the point
+    where &mdash;&mdash; &mdash;&mdash; resided, having come from his seat in the middle of the
+    island to a small house on the shore, as we believe, that he might with
+    less reproach entertain us meanly. If he aspired to meanness, his
+    retrograde ambition was completely gratified... Boswell was very angry,
+    and reproached him with his improper parsimony.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i.
+    137. A little later he wrote:&mdash;'I have done thinking of &mdash;&mdash; whom we now
+    call Sir Sawney; he has disgusted all mankind by injudicious parsimony,
+    and given occasion to so many stories, that &mdash;&mdash; has some thoughts of
+    collecting them, and making a novel of his life.' <i>Ib</i>. p. 198. The last
+    of Rowlandson's <i>Caricatures</i> of Boswell's <i>Journal</i> is entitled
+    <i>Revising for the Second Edition</i>. Macdonald is represented as seizing
+    Boswell by the throat and pointing with his stick to the <i>Journal</i> that
+    lies open at pages 168, 169. On the ground lie pages 165, 167, torn out.
+    Boswell, in an agony of fear, is begging for mercy.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-451">[451]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Here, in Badenoch, here in Lochaber anon, in Lochiel, in
+      Knoydart, Moydart, Morrer, Ardgower, and Ardnamurchan,
+      Here I see him and here: I see him; anon I lose him.'
+
+			Clough's <i>Bothie</i>, p. 125
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-452">[452]</a> See his Latin verses addressed to Dr. Johnson, in this APPENDIX. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-453">[453]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 157.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-454">[454]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 449.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-455">[455]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 99.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-456">[456]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii 198, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-457">[457]</a> 'Such is the laxity of Highland conversation, that the inquirer is
+    kept in continual suspense, and by a kind of intellectual retrogradation
+    knows less as he hears more.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 47. 'They are not
+    much accustomed to be interrogated by others, and seem never to have
+    thought upon interrogating themselves; so that if they do not know what
+    they tell to be true, they likewise do not distinctly perceive it to be
+    false. Mr. Boswell was very diligent in his inquiries; and the result of
+    his investigations was, that the answer to the second question was
+    commonly such as nullified the answer to the first.' <i>Ib.</i>, p. 114.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-458">[458]</a> Mr. Carruthers, in his edition of Boswell's <i>Hebrides</i>, says (p.
+    xiv):&mdash;'The new management and high rents took the tacksmen, or larger
+    tenants, by surprise. They were indignant at the treatment they
+    received, and selling off their stock they emigrated to America. In the
+    twenty years from 1772 to 1792, sixteen vessels with emigrants sailed
+    from the western shores of Inverness-shire and Ross-shire, containing
+    about 6400 persons, who carried with them in specie at least £38,400. A
+    desperate effort was made by the tacksmen on the estate of Lord
+    Macdonald. They bound themselves by a solemn oath not to offer for any
+    farm that might become vacant. The combination failed of its object, but
+    it appeared so formidable in the eyes of the "English-bred chieftain,"
+    that he retreated precipitately from Skye and never afterwards
+    returned.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-459">[459]</a> Dr. Johnson seems to have forgotten that a Highlander going armed
+    at this period incurred the penalty of serving as a common soldier for
+    the first, and of transportation beyond sea for a second offence. And as
+    for 'calling out his clan,' twelve Highlanders and a bagpipe made a
+    rebellion. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-460">[460]</a> Mackintosh (<i>Life</i> ii. 62) says that in Mme. du Deffand's
+    <i>Correspondence</i> there is 'an extraordinary confirmation of the talents
+    and accomplishments of our Highland Phoenix, Sir James Macdonald. A
+    Highland chieftain, admired by Voltaire, could have been no
+    ordinary man.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-461">[461]</a> This extraordinary young man, whom I had the pleasure of knowing
+    intimately, having been deeply regretted by his country, the most minute
+    particulars concerning him must be interesting to many. I shall
+    therefore insert his two last letters to his mother, Lady Margaret
+    Macdonald, which her ladyship has been pleased to communicate to me.
+    'Rome, July 9th, 1766. 'My DEAR MOTHER, 'Yesterday's post brought me
+    your answer to the first letter in which I acquainted you of my illness.
+    Your tenderness and concern upon that account are the same I have always
+    experienced, and to which I have often owed my life. Indeed it never was
+    in so great danger as it has been lately; and though it would have been
+    a very great comfort to me to have had you near me, yet perhaps I ought
+    to rejoice, on your account, that you had not the pain of such a
+    spectacle. I have been now a week in Rome, and wish I could continue to
+    give you the same good accounts of my recovery as I did in my last; but
+    I must own that, for three days past, I have been in a very weak and
+    miserable state, which however seems to give no uneasiness to my
+    physician. My stomach has been greatly out of order, without any visible
+    cause; and the palpitation does not decrease. I am told that my stomach
+    will soon recover its tone, and that the palpitation must cease in time.
+    So I am willing to believe; and with this hope support the little
+    remains of spirits which I can be supposed to have, on the forty-seventh
+    day of such an illness. Do not imagine I have relapsed;&mdash;I only recover
+    slower than I expected. If my letter is shorter than usual, the cause of
+    it is a dose of physick, which has weakened me so much to-day, that I am
+    not able to write a long letter. I will make up for it next post, and
+    remain always 'Your most sincerely affectionate son, 'J. MACDONALD.' He
+    grew gradually worse; and on the night before his death he wrote as
+    follows from Frescati:&mdash;'MY DEAR MOTHER, 'Though I did not mean to
+    deceive you in my last letter from Rome, yet certainly you would have
+    very little reason to conclude of the very great and constant danger I
+    have gone through ever since that time. My life, which is still almost
+    entirely desperate, did not at that time appear to me so, otherwise I
+    should have represented, in its true colours, a fact which acquires very
+    little horror by that means, and comes with redoubled force by
+    deception. There is no circumstance of danger and pain of which I have
+    not had the experience, for a continued series of above a fortnight;
+    during which time I have settled my affairs, after my death, with as
+    much distinctness as the hurry and the nature of the thing could admit
+    of. In case of the worst, the Abbé Grant will be my executor in this
+    part of the world, and Mr. Mackenzie in Scotland, where my object has
+    been to make you and my younger brother as independent of the eldest as
+    possible.' BOSWELL. Horace Walpole (Letters, vii. 291), in 1779, thus
+    mentions this 'younger brother':&mdash;'Macdonald abused Lord North in very
+    gross, yet too applicable, terms; and next day pleaded he had been
+    drunk, recanted, and was all admiration and esteem for his Lordship's
+    talents and virtues.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-462">[462]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 85, and <i>post</i>, Oct. 28.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-463">[463]</a> Cheyne's English Malady, ed. 1733, p. 229.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-464">[464]</a> 'Weary, stale, flat and unprofitable.' <i>Hamlet</i>, act i. sc. 2. See
+    <i>ante</i>, iii. 350, where Boswell is reproached by Johnson with 'bringing
+    in gabble,' when he makes this quotation.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-465">[465]</a> VARIOUS READINGS. Line 2. In the manuscript, Dr. Johnson, instead
+    of <i>rupibus obsita</i>, had written <i>imbribus uvida</i>, and <i>uvida nubibus</i>,
+    but struck them both out. Lines 15 and 16. Instead of these two lines,
+    he had written, but afterwards struck out, the following:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Parare posse, utcunque jactet
+     Grandiloquus nimis alta Zeno.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    BOSWELL. In Johnson's <i>Works</i>, i. 167, these lines are given with some
+    variations, which perhaps are in part due to Mr. Langton, who, we are
+    told (<i>ante</i>, Dec. 1784), edited some, if not indeed all, of Johnson's
+    Latin poems.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-466">[466]</a> Cowper wrote to S. Rose on May 20, 1789:&mdash;'Browne was an
+    entertaining companion when he had drunk his bottle, but not before;
+    this proved a snare to him, and he would sometimes drink too much.'
+    Southey's <i>Cowper</i>, vi. 237. His <i>De Animi Immortalitate</i> was published
+    in 1754. He died in 1760, aged fifty-four. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 339.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-467">[467]</a> Boswell, in one of his <i>Hypochondriacks</i> (<i>ante</i>, iv. 179)
+    says:&mdash;'I do fairly acknowledge that I love Drinking; that I have a
+    constitutional inclination to indulge in fermented liquors, and that if
+    it were not for the restraints of reason and religion, I am afraid I
+    should be as constant a votary of Bacchus as any man.... Drinking is in
+    reality an occupation which employs a considerable portion of the time
+    of many people; and to conduct it in the most rational and agreeable
+    manner is one of the great arts of living. Were we so framed that it
+    were possible by perpetual supplies of wine to keep ourselves for ever
+    gay and happy, there could be no doubt that drinking would be the
+    <i>summum bonum</i>, the chief good, to find out which philosophers have been
+    so variously busied. But we know from humiliating experience that men
+    cannot be kept long in a state of elevated drunkenness.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-468">[468]</a> That my readers may have my narrative in the style of the country
+    through which I am travelling, it is proper to inform them, that the
+    chief of a clan is denominated by his <i>surname</i> alone, as M'Leod,
+    M'Kinnon, M'lntosh. To prefix <i>Mr.</i> to it would be a degradation from
+    <i>the</i> M'Leod, &amp;c. My old friend, the Laird of M'Farlane, the great
+    antiquary, took it highly amiss, when General Wade called him Mr.
+    M'Farlane. Dr. Johnson said, he could not bring himself to use this mode
+    of address; it seemed to him to be too familiar, as it is the way in
+    which, in all other places, intimates or inferiors are addressed. When
+    the chiefs have <i>titles</i> they are denominated by them, as <i>Sir James
+    Grant</i>, <i>Sir Allan M'Lean</i>. The other Highland gentlemen, of landed
+    property, are denominated by their <i>estates</i>, as <i>Rasay</i>, <i>Boisdale</i>;
+    and the wives of all of them have the title of <i>ladies</i>. The <i>tacksmen</i>,
+    or principal tenants, are named by their farms, as <i>Kingsburgh</i>,
+    <i>Corrichatachin</i>; and their wives are called the <i>mistress</i> of
+    Kingsburgh, the <i>mistress</i> of Corrichatachin.&mdash;Having given this
+    explanation, I am at liberty to use that mode of speech which generally
+    prevails in the Highlands and the Hebrides. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-469">[469]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 275.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-470">[470]</a> Boswell implies that Sir A. Macdonald's table had not been
+    furnished plentifully. Johnson wrote:&mdash;'At night we came to a tenant's
+    house of the first rank of tenants, where we were entertained better
+    than at the landlord's.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 141.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-471">[471]</a> 'Little did I once think,' he wrote to her the same day, 'of
+    seeing this region of obscurity, and little did you once expect a
+    salutation from this verge of European life. I have now the pleasure of
+    going where nobody goes, and seeing what nobody sees.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>,
+    i. 120. About fourteen years since, I landed in Sky, with a party of
+    friends, and had the curiosity to ask what was the first idea on every
+    one's mind at landing. All answered separately that it was this Ode. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-472">[472]</a> See Appendix B.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-473">[473]</a> 'I never was in any house of the islands, where I did not find
+    books in more languages than one, if I staid long enough to want them,
+    except one from which the family was removed.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix.
+    50. He is speaking of 'the higher rank of the Hebridians,' for on p. 61
+    he says:&mdash;'The greater part of the islanders make no use of books.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-474">[474]</a> There was a Mrs. Brooks, an actress, the daughter of a Scotchman
+    named Watson, who had forfeited his property by 'going out in the '45.'
+    But according to <i>The Thespian Dictionary</i> her first appearance on the
+    stage was in 1786.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-475">[475]</a> Boswell mentions, <i>post</i>, Oct. 5, 'the famous Captain of
+    Clanranald, who fell at Sherrif-muir.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-476">[476]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 95.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-477">[477]</a> By John Macpherson, D.D. See <i>post</i>, Sept. 13.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-478">[478]</a> Sir Walter Scott, when in Sky in 1814, wrote:&mdash;'We learn that most
+    of the Highland superstitions, even that of the second sight, are still
+    in force.' Lockhart's <i>Scott</i>, ed. 1839, iv. 305. See <i>.ante</i>, ii. 10, 318.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-479">[479]</a> Of him Johnson wrote:&mdash;'One of the ministers honestly told me that
+    he came to Sky with a resolution not to believe it.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 106.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-480">[480]</a> 'By the term <i>second sight</i> seems to be meant a mode of seeing
+    superadded to that which nature generally bestows. In the Erse it is
+    called <i>Taisch</i>; which signifies likewise a spectre or a vision.'
+    <i>Johnson's Works</i>, ix. 105.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-481">[481]</a> Gray's <i>Ode on a distant prospect of Eton College</i>, 1. 44.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-482">[482]</a> A tonnage bounty of thirty shillings a ton was at this time given
+    to the owners of busses or decked vessels for the encouragement of the
+    white herring fishery. Adam Smith (<i>Wealth of Nations</i>, iv. 5) shews how
+    mischievous was its effect.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-483">[483]</a> The Highland expression for Laird of Rasay. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-484">[484]</a> 'In Sky I first observed the use of brogues, a kind of artless
+    shoes, stitched with thongs so loosely, that, though they defend the
+    foot from stones, they do not exclude water.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix 46.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-485">[485]</a> To evade the law against the tartan dress, the Highlanders used to
+    dye their variegated plaids and kilts into blue, green, or any single
+    colour. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-486">[486]</a> See <i>post</i>, Oct. 5.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-487">[487]</a> The Highlanders were all well inclined to the episcopalian form,
+    <i>proviso</i> that the right <i>king</i> was prayed for. I suppose Malcolm meant
+    to say, 'I will come to your church because you are honest folk,' viz.
+    <i>Jacobites</i>. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-488">[488]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 450, and ii. 291.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-489">[489]</a> Perhaps he was thinking of Johnson's letter of June 20, 1771
+    (<i>ante</i>, ii. 140), where he says:&mdash;'I hope the time will come when we
+    may try our powers both with cliffs and water.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-490">[490]</a> 'The wind blew enough to give the boat a kind of dancing
+    agitation.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 142. 'The water was calm and the rowers
+    were vigorous; so that our passage was quick and pleasant.' Johnson's
+    <i>Works</i>, ix. 54.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-491">[491]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Caught in the wild Aegean seas,
+      The sailor bends to heaven for ease.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    FRANCIS. Horace, 2, <i>Odes</i>, xvi. 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-492">[492]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. Dec. 9, 1784, note.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-493">[493]</a> Such spells are still believed in. A lady of property in Mull, a
+    friend of mine, had a few years since much difficulty in rescuing from
+    the superstitious fury of the people, an old woman, who used a <i>charm</i>
+    to injure her neighbour's cattle. It is now in my possession, and
+    consists of feathers, parings of nails, hair, and such like trash, wrapt
+    in a lump of clay. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-494">[494]</a> Sir Walter Scott, writing in Skye in 1814, says:&mdash;'Macleod and Mr.
+    Suter have both heard a tacksman of Macleod's recite the celebrated
+    Address to the Sun; and another person repeat the description of
+    Cuchullin's car. But all agree as to the gross infidelity of Macpherson
+    as a translator and editor.' Lockhart's <i>Scott</i>, iv. 308.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-495">[495]</a> See <i>post</i>, Nov. 10.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-496">[496]</a> 'The women reaped the corn, and the men bound up the sheaves. The
+    strokes of the sickle were timed by the modulation of the harvest-song,
+    in which all their voices were united.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 58.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-497">[497]</a> 'The money which he raises annually by rent from all his
+    dominions, which contain at least 50,000 acres, is not believed to
+    exceed £250; but as he keeps a large farm in his own hands, he sells
+    every year great numbers of cattle ... The wine circulates vigorously,
+    and the tea, chocolate, and coffee, however they are got, are always at
+    hand.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 142. 'Of wine and punch they are very
+    liberal, for they get them cheap; but as there is no custom-house on the
+    island, they can hardly be considered as smugglers.' <i>Ib</i>. p. 160.
+    'Their trade is unconstrained; they pay no customs, for there is no
+    officer to demand them; whatever, therefore, is made dear only by impost
+    is obtained here at an easy rate.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 52.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-498">[498]</a> 'No man is so abstemious as to refuse the morning dram, which they
+    call a <i>skalk</i>.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. p. 51.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-499">[499]</a> Alexander Macleod, of Muiravenside, advocate, became extremely
+    obnoxious to government by his zealous personal efforts to engage his
+    chief Macleod, and Macdonald of Sky, in the Chevalier's attempts of
+    1745. Had he succeeded, it would have added one third at least to the
+    Jacobite army. Boswell has oddly described <i>M'Cruslick</i>, the being whose
+    name was conferred upon this gentleman, as something between Proteus and
+    Don Quixote. It is the name of a species of satyr, or <i>esprit follet</i>, a
+    sort of mountain Puck or hobgoblin, seen among the wilds and mountains,
+    as the old Highlanders believed, sometimes mirthful, sometimes
+    mischievous. Alexander Macleod's precarious mode of life and variable
+    spirits occasioned the <i>soubriquet</i>. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-500">[500]</a> Johnson also complained of the cheese. 'In the islands they do
+    what I found it not very easy to endure. They pollute the tea-table by
+    plates piled with large slices of Cheshire cheese, which mingles its
+    less grateful odours with the fragrance of the tea.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 52.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-501">[501]</a> 'The estate has not, during four hundred years, gained or lost a
+    single acre.' <i>Ib</i>. p. 55.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-502">[502]</a> Lord Stowell told me, that on the road from Newcastle to Berwick,
+    Dr. Johnson and he passed a cottage, at the entrance of which were set
+    up two of those great bones of the whale, which are not unfrequently
+    seen in maritime districts. Johnson expressed great horror at the sight
+    of these bones; and called the people, who could use such relics of
+    mortality as an ornament, mere savages. CROKER.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-503">[503]</a> In like manner Boswell wrote:&mdash;'It is divinely cheering to me to
+    think that there is a Cathedral so near Auchinleck [as Carlisle].'
+    <i>Ante</i>, iii. 416.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-504">[504]</a> 'It is not only in Rasay that the chapel is unroofed and useless;
+    through the few islands which we visited we neither saw nor heard of any
+    house of prayer, except in Sky, that was not in ruins. The malignant
+    influence of Calvinism has blasted ceremony and decency together... It
+    has been for many years popular to talk of the lazy devotion of the
+    Romish clergy; over the sleepy laziness of men that erected churches we
+    may indulge our superiority with a new triumph, by comparing it with the
+    fervid activity of those who suffer them to fall.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>,
+    ix. 61. He wrote to Mrs. Thrale:&mdash;'By the active zeal of Protestant
+    devotion almost all the chapels have sunk into ruin.' <i>Piozzi
+    Letters</i>, i. 152.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-505">[505]</a> 'Not many years ago,' writes Johnson, 'the late Laird led out one
+    hundred men upon a military expedition.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 59. What the
+    expedition was he is careful not to state.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-506">[506]</a> 'I considered this rugged ascent as the consequence of a form of
+    life inured to hardships, and therefore not studious of nice
+    accommodations. But I know not whether for many ages it was not
+    considered as a part of military policy to keep the country not easily
+    accessible. The rocks are natural fortifications.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>,
+    ix. p. 54.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-507">[507]</a> See <i>post</i> Sept. 17.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-508">[508]</a> In Sky a price was set 'upon the heads of foxes, which, as the
+    number was diminished, has been gradually raised from three shillings
+    and sixpence to a guinea, a sum so great in this part of the world,
+    that, in a short time, Sky may be as free from foxes as England from
+    wolves. The fund for these rewards is a tax of sixpence in the pound,
+    imposed by the farmers on themselves, and said to be paid with great
+    willingness.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 57.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-509">[509]</a> Boswell means that the eastern coast of Sky is westward of Rasay. CROKER.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-510">[510]</a> 'The Prince was hidden in his distress two nights in Rasay, and
+    the King's troops burnt the whole country, and killed some of the
+    cattle. You may guess at the opinions that prevail in this country; they
+    are, however, content with fighting for their King; they do not drink
+    for him. We had no foolish healths', <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 145.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-511">[511]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 217, where he said:&mdash;'You have, perhaps, no man
+    who knows as much Greek and Latin as Bentley.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-512">[512]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 61, and <i>post</i>, Oct. 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-513">[513]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 268, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-514">[514]</a> Steele had had the Duke of Marlborough's papers, and 'in some of
+    his exigencies put them in pawn. They then remained with the old
+    Duchess, who, in her will, assigned the task to Glover [the author of
+    <i>Leonidas</i>] and Mallet, with a reward of a thousand pounds, and a
+    prohibition to insert any verses. Glover rejected, I suppose with
+    disdain, the legacy, and devolved the whole work upon Mallet; who had
+    from the late Duke of Marlborough a pension to promote his industry, and
+    who talked of the discoveries which he had made; but left not, when he
+    died, any historical labours behind him.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, viii. 466.
+    The Duchess died in 1744 and Mallet in 1765. For more than twenty years
+    he thus imposed more or less successfully on the world. About the year
+    1751 he played on Garrick's vanity. 'Mallet, in a familiar conversation
+    with Garrick, discoursing of the diligence which he was then exerting
+    upon the <i>Life of Marlborough</i>, let him know, that in the series of
+    great men quickly to be exhibited, he should <i>find a niche</i> for the hero
+    of the theatre. Garrick professed to wonder by what artifice he could be
+    introduced; but Mallet let him know, that by a dexterous anticipation he
+    should fix him in a conspicuous place. "Mr. Mallet," says Garrick in his
+    gratitude of exultation, "have you left off to write for the stage?"
+    Mallet then confessed that he had a drama in his hands. Garrick promised
+    to act it; and <i>Alfred</i> was produced.' <i>Ib</i>. p. 465. See <i>ante</i>,
+    iii. 386.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-515">[515]</a> According to Dr. Warton (<i>Essay on Pope</i>, ii. 140) he received
+    £5000. 'Old Marlborough,' wrote Horace Walpole in March, 1742 (Letters,
+    i. 139), 'has at last published her <i>Memoirs</i>; they are digested by one
+    Hooke, who wrote a Roman history; but from her materials, which are so
+    womanish that I am sure the man might sooner have made a gown and
+    petticoat with them.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-516">[516]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 153
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-517">[517]</a> 'Hooke,' says Dr. Warton (<i>Essay on Pope</i>, ii. 141), 'was a Mystic
+    and a Quietist, and a warm disciple of Fénelon. It was he who brought a
+    Catholic priest to take Pope's confession on his death-bed.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-518">[518]</a> See Cumberland's <i>Memoirs</i>, i. 344.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-519">[519]</a> Mr. Croker says that 'though he sold a great tract of land in
+    Harris, he left at his death in 1801 the original debt of £50,000
+    [Boswell says £40,000] increased to £70,000.' When Johnson visited
+    Macleod at Dunvegan, he wrote to Mrs. Thrale:&mdash;'Here, though poor
+    Macleod had been left by his grandfather overwhelmed with debts, we had
+    another exhibition of feudal hospitality. There were two stags in the
+    house, and venison came to the table every day in its various forms.
+    Macleod, besides his estate in Sky, larger I suppose than some English
+    counties, is proprietor of nine inhabited isles; and of his isles
+    uninhabited I doubt if he very exactly knows the number, I told him that
+    he was a mighty monarch. Such dominions fill an Englishman with envious
+    wonder; but when he surveys the naked mountain, and treads the quaking
+    moor; and wanders over the wild regions of gloomy barrenness, his wonder
+    may continue, but his envy ceases. The unprofitableness of these vast
+    domains can be conceived only by the means of positive instances. The
+    heir of Col, an island not far distant, has lately told me how wealthy
+    he should be if he could let Rum, another of his islands, for twopence
+    halfpenny an acre; and Macleod has an estate which the surveyor reports
+    to contain 80,000 acres, rented at £600 a year.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>,
+    i. 154.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-520">[520]</a> They were abolished by an act passed in 1747, being 'reckoned
+    among the principal sources of the rebellions. They certainly kept the
+    common people in subjection to their chiefs. By this act they were
+    legally emancipated from slavery; but as the tenants enjoyed no leases,
+    and were at all times liable to be ejected from their farms, they still
+    depended on the pleasure of their lords, notwithstanding this
+    interposition of the legislature, which granted a valuable consideration
+    in money to every nobleman and petty baron, who was thus deprived of one
+    part of his inheritance.' Smollett's <i>England</i>, iii. 206. See <i>ante</i>, p.
+    46, note 1, and <i>post</i>, Oct. 22.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-521">[521]</a> 'I doubt not but that since the regular judges have made their
+    circuits through the whole country, right has been everywhere more
+    wisely and more equally distributed; the complaint is, that litigation
+    is grown troublesome, and that the magistrates are too few and therefore
+    often too remote for general convenience... In all greater questions
+    there is now happily an end to all fear or hope from malice or from
+    favour. The roads are secure in those places through which forty years
+    ago no traveller could pass without a convoy...No scheme of policy has
+    in any country yet brought the rich and poor on equal terms to courts of
+    judicature. Perhaps experience improving on experience may in time
+    effect it.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 90.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-522">[522]</a> He described Rasay as 'the seat of plenty, civility, and
+    cheerfulness.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 152.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-523">[523]</a> 'We heard the women singing as they <i>waulked</i> the cloth, by
+    rubbing it with their hands and feet, and screaming all the while in a
+    sort of chorus. At a distance the sound was wild and sweet enough, but
+    rather discordant when you approached too near the performers.'
+    Lockhart's <i>Scott</i>, iv. 307.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-524">[524]</a> She had been some time at Edinburgh, to which she again went, and
+    was married to my worthy neighbour, Colonel Mure Campbell, now Earl of
+    Loudoun, but she died soon afterwards, leaving one daughter. BOSWELL.
+    'She is a celebrated beauty; has been admired at Edinburgh; dresses her
+    head very high; and has manners so lady-like that I wish her head-dress
+    was lower.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 144. See <i>ante</i>, iii. 118.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-525">[525]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Yet hope not life from <i>grief</i> or danger free,
+      <i>Nor</i> think the doom of man reversed for thee.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>The Vanity of Human Wishes</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-526">[526]</a> 'Rasay accompanied us in his six-oared boat, which he said was his
+    coach and six. It is indeed the vehicle in which the ladies take the air
+    and pay their visits, but they have taken very little care for
+    accommodations. There is no way in or out of the boat for a woman but by
+    being carried; and in the boat thus dignified with a pompous name there
+    is no seat but an occasional bundle of straw.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 152.
+    In describing the distance of one family from another, Johnson
+    writes:&mdash;'Visits last several days, and are commonly paid by water; yet
+    I never saw a boat furnished with benches.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 100.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-527">[527]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 106, and iii. 154.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-528">[528]</a> 'They which forewent us did leave a Roome for us, and should wee
+    grieve to doe the same to these which should come after us? Who beeing
+    admitted to see the exquisite rarities of some antiquaries cabinet is
+    grieved, all viewed, to have the courtaine drawen, and give place to new
+    pilgrimes?' <i>A Cypresse Grove</i>, by William Drummond of Hawthorne-denne,
+    ed. 1630, p. 68.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-529">[529]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 153, 295.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-530">[530]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'While hoary Nestor, by experience wise,
+      To reconcile the angry monarch tries.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    FRANCIS. Horace, i <i>Epis</i>. ii. II.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-531">[531]</a> <i>See ante</i>, p. 16.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-532">[532]</a> Lord Elibank died Aug. 3, 1778, aged 75. <i>Gent. Mag.</i> 1778, p. 391.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-533">[533]</a> A term in Scotland for a special messenger, such as was formerly
+    sent with dispatches by the lords of the council.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-534">[534]</a> Yet he said of him:&mdash;'There is nothing <i>conclusive</i> in his talk.'
+    <i>Ante</i> iii. 57.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-535">[535]</a> 'I believe every man has found in physicians great liberality and
+    dignity of sentiment, very prompt effusion of beneficence, and
+    willingness to exert a lucrative art where there is no hope of lucre.'
+    Johnson's <i>Works</i>, vii. 402. See <i>ante</i>, iv. 263.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-536">[536]</a> Johnson says (<i>ib</i>. ix. 156) that when the military road was made
+    through Glencroe, 'stones were placed to mark the distances, which the
+    inhabitants have taken away, resolved, they said, "to have no
+    new miles."'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-537">[537]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'The lawland lads think they are fine,
+      But O they're vain and idly gawdy;
+      How much unlike that graceful mien
+      And manly look of my highland laddie.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    From '<i>The Highland Laddie</i>, written long since by Allan Ramsay, and now
+    sung at Ranelagh and all the other gardens; often fondly encored, and
+    sometimes ridiculously hissed.' <i>Gent. Mag</i>. 1750, p. 325.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-538">[538]</a> 'She is of a pleasing person and elegant behaviour. She told me
+    that she thought herself honoured by my visit; and I am sure that
+    whatever regard she bestowed on me was liberally repaid.' <i>Piozzi
+    Letters</i>, i. 153. In his <i>Journey</i> (<i>Works</i>, ix. 63) Johnson speaks of
+    Flora Macdonald, as 'a name that will be mentioned in history, and if
+    courage and fidelity be virtues, mentioned with honour.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-539">[539]</a> This word, which meant much the same as, <i>fop</i> or <i>dandy</i>, is
+    found in Bk. x. ch. 2 of Fielding's <i>Amelia</i> (published in 1751):&mdash;'A
+    large assembly of young fellows, whom they call bucks.' Less than forty
+    years ago, in the neighbourhood of London, it was, I remember, still
+    commonly applied by the village lads to the boys of a boarding-school.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-540">[540]</a> This word was at this time often used in a loose sense, though
+    Johnson could not have so used it. Thus Horace Walpole, writing on May
+    16, 1759 (<i>Letters</i>, iii. 227), tells a story of the little Prince
+    Frederick. 'T'other day as he was with the Prince of Wales, Kitty Fisher
+    passed by, and the child named her; the Prince, to try him, asked who
+    that was? "Why, a Miss." "A Miss," said the Prince of Wales, "why are
+    not all girls Misses?" "Oh! but a particular sort of Miss&mdash;a Miss that
+    sells oranges."' Mr. Cunningham in a note on this says:&mdash;'Orange-girls
+    at theatres were invariably courtesans.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-541">[541]</a> <i>Governor</i> was the term commonly given to a tutor, especially a
+    travelling tutor. Thus Peregrine Pickle was sent first to Winchester and
+    afterwards abroad 'under the immediate care and inspection of a
+    governor.' <i>Peregrine Pickle</i>, ch. xv.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-542">[542]</a> He and his wife returned before the end of the War of
+    Independence. On the way back she showed great spirit when their ship
+    was attacked by a French man of war. Chambers's <i>Rebellion in
+    Scotland</i>, ii. 329.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-543">[543]</a> I do not call him <i>the Prince of Wales</i>, or <i>the Prince</i>, because
+    I am quite satisfied that the right which the <i>House of Stuart</i> had to
+    the throne is extinguished. I do not call him, the <i>Pretender</i>, because
+    it appears to me as an insult to one who is still alive, and, I suppose,
+    thinks very differently. It may be a parliamentary expression; but it is
+    not a gentlemanly expression. I <i>know</i>, and I exult in having it in my
+    power to tell, that THE ONLY PERSON in the world who is intitled to be
+    offended at this delicacy, thinks and feels as I do; and has liberality
+    of mind and generosity of sentiment enough to approve of my tenderness
+    for what even <i>has been</i> Blood Royal. That he is a <i>prince</i> by
+    <i>courtesy</i>, cannot be denied; because his mother was the daughter of
+    Sobiesky, king of Poland. I shall, therefore, <i>on that account alone</i>,
+    distinguish him by the name of <i>Prince Charles Edward</i>. BOSWELL. To have
+    called him the <i>Pretender</i> in the presence of Flora Macdonald would have
+    been hazardous. In her old age, 'such is said to have been the virulence
+    of the Jacobite spirit in her composition, that she would have struck
+    any one with her fist who presumed, in her hearing, to call Charles <i>the
+    Pretender</i>.' Chambers's <i>Rebellion in Scotland</i>, ii. 330.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-544">[544]</a> This, perhaps, was said in allusion to some lines ascribed to
+    <i>Pope</i>, on his lying, at John Duke of Argyle's, at Adderbury, in the
+    same bed in which Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, had slept:
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'With no poetick ardour fir'd,
+        I press [press'd] the bed where Wilmot lay;
+      That here he liv'd [lov'd], or here expir'd,
+        Begets no numbers, grave or gay.'
+			BOSWELL.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-545">[545]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 60, 187.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-546">[546]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 113 and 315.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-547">[547]</a> 'This was written while Mr. Wilkes was Sheriff of London, and when
+    it was to be feared he would rattle his chain a year longer as Lord
+    Mayor.' Note to Campbell's <i>British Poets</i>, p. 662. By 'here' the poet
+    means at <i>Tyburn</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-548">[548]</a> With virtue weigh'd, what worthless trash is gold! BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-549">[549]</a> Since the first edition of this book, an ingenious friend has
+    observed to me, that Dr. Johnson had probably been thinking on the
+    reward which was offered by government for the apprehension of the
+    grandson of King James II, and that he meant by these words to express
+    his admiration of the Highlanders, whose fidelity and attachment had
+    resisted the golden temptation that had been held out to them. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-550">[550]</a> On the subject of Lady Margaret Macdonald, it is impossible to
+    omit an anecdote which does much honour to Frederick, Prince of Wales.
+    By some chance Lady Margaret had been presented to the princess, who,
+    when she learnt what share she had taken in the Chevalier's escape,
+    hastened to excuse herself to the prince, and exlain to him that she was
+    not aware that Lady Margaret was the person who had harboured the
+    fugitive. The prince's answer was noble: 'And would <i>you</i> not have done
+    the same, madam, had he come to you, as to her, in distress and danger?
+    I hope&mdash;I am sure you would!' WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-551">[551]</a> This old Scottish <i>member of parliament</i>, I am informed, is still
+    living (1785). BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-552">[552]</a> I cannot find that this account was ever published. Mr. Lumisden
+    is mentioned <i>ante</i>, ii. 401, note 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-553">[553]</a> This word is not in Johnson's <i>Dictionary</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-554">[554]</a> Dr. A. Carlyle (<i>Auto</i>. p. 153) describes him in 1745 as 'a
+    good-looking man of about five feet ten inches; his hair was dark red,
+    and his eyes black. His features were regular, his visage long, much
+    sunburnt and freckled, and his countenance thoughtful and melancholy.'
+    When the Pretender was in London in 1750, 'he came one evening,' writes
+    Dr. W. King (<i>Anec</i>. p. 199) 'to my lodgings, and drank tea with me; my
+    servant, after he was gone, said to me, that he thought my new visitor
+    very like Prince Charles. "Why," said I, "have you ever seen Prince
+    Charles?" "No, Sir," said the fellow, "but this gentleman, whoever he
+    may be, exactly resembles the busts which are sold in Red Lionstreet,
+    and are said to be the busts of Prince Charles." The truth is, these
+    busts were taken in plaster of Paris from his face. He has an handsome
+    face and good eyes.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-555">[555]</a> Sir Walter Scott, writing of his childhood, mentions 'the stories
+    told in my hearing of the cruelties after the battle of Culloden. One or
+    two of our own distant relations had fallen, and I remember of (sic)
+    detesting the name of Cumberland with more than infant hatred.'
+    Lockhart's <i>Scott</i>, i. 24. 'I was,' writes Dr. A. Carlyle (<i>Auto</i>, p.
+    190), 'in the coffee-house with Smollett when the news of the battle of
+    Culloden arrived, and when London all over was in a perfect uproar of
+    joy.' On coming out into the street, 'Smollett,' he continues,
+    'cautioned me against speaking a word, lest the mob should discover my
+    country, and become insolent, "for John Bull," says he; "is as haughty
+    and valiant to-night as he was abject and cowardly on the Black
+    Wednesday when the Highlanders were at Derby." I saw not Smollett again
+    for some time after, when he shewed me his manuscript of his <i>Tears of
+    Scotland</i>. Smollett, though a Tory, was not a Jacobite, but he had the
+    feelings of a Scotch gentleman on the reported cruelties that were said
+    to be exercised after the battle of Culloden.' See <i>ante</i>, ii. 374, for
+    the madman 'beating his straw, supposing it was the Duke of Cumberland,
+    whom he was punishing for his cruelties in Scotland in 1746.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-556">[556]</a> 'He was obliged to trust his life to the fidelity of above fifty
+    individuals, and many of these were in the lowest paths of fortune. They
+    knew that a price of £30,000 was set upon his head, and that by
+    betraying him they should enjoy wealth and affluence.' Smollett's <i>Hist.
+    of England</i>, iii. 184.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-557">[557]</a> 'Que les hommes privés, qui se plaignent de leurs petites
+    infortunes, jettent les yeux sur ce prince et sur ses ancêtres.' <i>Siècle
+    de Louis XV</i>, ch. 25.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-558">[558]</a> 'I never heard him express any noble or benevolent sentiments, or
+    discover any sorrow or compassion for the misfortunes of so many worthy
+    men who had suffered in his cause. But the most odious part of his
+    character is his love of money, a vice which I do not remember to have
+    been imputed by our historians to any of his ancestors, and is the
+    certain index of a base and little mind. I have known this gentleman,
+    with 2000 Louis d'ors in his strong box, pretend he was in great
+    distress, and borrow money from a lady in Paris, who was not in affluent
+    circumstances.' Dr. W. King's <i>Anec.</i> p. 201. 'Lord Marischal,' writes
+    Hume, 'had a very bad opinion of this unfortunate prince; and thought
+    there was no vice so mean or atrocious of which he was not capable; of
+    which he gave me several instances.' J. H. Burton's <i>Hume</i>, ii. 464.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-559">[559]</a> <i>Siècle de Louis XIV</i>, ch. 15. The accentuation of this passage,
+    which was very incorrect as quoted by Boswell, I have corrected.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-560">[560]</a> By banishment he meant, I conjecture, transportation as a
+    convict-slave to the American plantations.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-561">[561]</a> Wesley in his <i>Journal</i>&mdash;the reference I have mislaid&mdash;seemed from
+    this consideration almost to regret a reprieve that came to a
+    penitent convict.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-562">[562]</a> Hume describes how in 1753 (? 1750) the Pretender, on his secret
+    visit to London, 'came to the house of a lady (who I imagined to be Lady
+    Primrose) without giving her any preparatory information; and entered
+    the room where she had a pretty large company with her, and was herself
+    playing at cards. He was announced by the servant under another name.
+    She thought the cards would have dropped from her hands on seeing him.
+    But she had presence enough of mind to call him by the name he assumed.'
+    J.H. Burton's <i>Hume</i>, ii. 462. Mr. Croker (Croker's <i>Boswell</i>, p. 331)
+    prints an autograph letter from Flora Macdonald which shows that Lady
+    Primrose in 1751 had lodged £627 in a friend's hands for her behoof, and
+    that she had in view to add more.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-563">[563]</a> It seems that the Pretender was only once in London, and that it
+    was in 1750. <i>Ante</i>, i. 279, note 5. I suspect that 1759 is Boswell's
+    mistake or his printer's. From what Johnson goes on to say it is clear
+    that George II. was in Germany at the time of the Prince's secret visit.
+    He was there the greater part of 1750, but not in 1753 or 1759. In 1750,
+    moreover, 'the great army of the King of Prussia overawed Hanover.'
+    Smollett's <i>England</i>, iii. 297. This explains what Johnson says about
+    the King of Prussia stopping the army in Germany.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-564">[564]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 165, 170.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-565">[565]</a> COMMENTARIES on the laws of England, book 1. chap. 3. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-566">[566]</a> B. VI. chap. 3. Since I have quoted Mr. Archdeacon Paley upon one
+    subject, I cannot but transcribe, from his excellent work, a
+    distinguished passage in support of the Christian Revelation.&mdash;After
+    shewing, in decent but strong terms, the unfairness of the <i>indirect</i>
+    attempts of modern infidels to unsettle and perplex religious
+    principles, and particularly the irony, banter, and sneer, of one whom
+    he politely calls 'an eloquent historian,' the archdeacon thus expresses
+    himself:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Seriousness is not constraint of thought; nor levity, freedom. Every
+    mind which wishes the advancement of truth and knowledge, in the most
+    important of all human researches, must abhor this licentiousness, as
+    violating no less the laws of reasoning than the rights of decency.
+    There is but one description of men to whose principles it ought to be
+    tolerable. I mean that class of reasoners who can see <i>little</i> in
+    christianity even supposing it to be true. To such adversaries we
+    address this reflection.&mdash;Had <i>Jesus Christ</i> delivered no other
+    declaration than the following, "The hour is coming in the which all
+    that are in the graves shall hear his voice, and shall come forth,&mdash;they
+    that have done well [good] unto the resurrection of life, and they that
+    have done evil unto the resurrection of damnation," [<i>St. John</i> v. 25]
+    he had pronounced a message of inestimable importance, and well worthy
+    of that splendid apparatus of prophecy and miracles with which his
+    mission was introduced and attested:&mdash;a message in which the wisest of
+    mankind would rejoice to find an answer to their doubts, and rest to
+    their inquiries. It is idle to say that a future state had been
+    discovered already.&mdash;It had been discovered as the Copernican System
+    was;&mdash;it was one guess amongst many. He alone discovers who <i>proves</i>,
+    and no man can prove this point but the teacher who testifies by
+    miracles that his doctrine comes from GOD.'&mdash;Book V. chap. 9.
+</p>
+<p>
+    If infidelity be disingenuously dispersed in every shape that is likely
+    to allure, surprise, or beguile the imagination,&mdash;in a fable, a tale, a
+    novel, a poem,&mdash;in books of travels, of philosophy, of natural
+    history,&mdash;as Mr. Paley has well observed,&mdash;I hope it is fair in me thus
+    to meet such poison with an unexpected antidote, which I cannot doubt
+    will be found powerful. BOSWELL. The 'eloquent historian' was Gibbon.
+    See Paley's <i>Principles</i>, ed. 1786, p. 395.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-567">[567]</a> In <i>The Life of Johnson (ante</i>, iii. 113), Boswell quotes these
+    words, without shewing that they are his own; but italicises not
+    fervour, but loyalty.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-568">[568]</a> 'Whose service is perfect freedom.' <i>Book of Common Prayer.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-569">[569]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 353, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-570">[570]</a> Ovid, <i>Ars Amatoria</i>, iii. 121.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-571">[571]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'This facile temper of the beauteous sex
+      Great Agamemnon, brave Pelides proved.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    These two lines follow the four which Boswell quotes. <i>Agis</i>, act iv.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-572">[572]</a> <i>Agis</i>, a tragedy, by John Home. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-573">[573]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 27.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-574">[574]</a> A misprint, I suppose, for <i>designing</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-575">[575]</a> 'Next in dignity to the laird is the tacksman; a large taker or
+    leaseholder of land, of which he keeps part as a domain in his own hand,
+    and lets part to under-tenants. The tacksman is necessarily a man
+    capable of securing to the laird the whole rent, and is commonly a
+    collateral relation.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 82.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-576">[576]</a> A <i>lettre de cachet</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-577">[577]</a> <i>Ante</i>, p. 159.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-578">[578]</a> 'It is related that at Dunvegan Lady Macleod, having poured out
+    for Dr. Johnson sixteen cups of tea, asked him if a small basin would
+    not save him trouble, and be more agreeable. "I wonder, Madam," answered
+    he roughly, "why all the ladies ask me such questions. It is to save
+    yourselves trouble, Madam, and not me." The lady was silent and resumed
+    her task.' Northcote's <i>Reynolds</i>, i. 81.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-579">[579]</a> 'In the garden-or rather the orchard which was formerly the
+    garden-is a pretty cascade, divided into two branches, and called Rorie
+    More's Nurse, because he loved to be lulled to sleep by the sound of
+    it.' Lockhart's <i>Scott</i>, iv. 304.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-580">[580]</a> It has been said that she expressed considerable dissatisfaction
+    at Dr. Johnson's rude behaviour at Dunvegan. Her grandson, the present
+    Macleod, assures me that it was not so: 'they were all,' he says
+    emphatically, '<i>delighted</i> with him.' CROKER. Mr. Croker refers, I
+    think, to a communication from Sir Walter Scott, published in the
+    <i>Croker Corres</i>. ii. 33. Scott writes:&mdash;'When wind-bound at Dunvegan,
+    Johnson's temper became most execrable, and beyond all endurance, save
+    that of his guide. The Highlanders, who are very courteous in their way,
+    held him in great contempt for his want of breeding, but had an idea at
+    the same time there was something respectable about him, they could not
+    tell what, and long spoke of him as the Sassenach <i>mohr</i>, or
+    large Saxon.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-581">[581]</a> 'I long to be again in civilized life.' <i>Ante</i>, p. 183.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-582">[582]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 406.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-583">[583]</a> Johnson refers, I think, to a passage in <i>L'Esprit des Lois</i>, Book
+    xvi. chap. 4, where Montesquieu says:&mdash;'J'avoue que si ce que les
+    relations nous disent était vrai, qu'à Bantam il y a dix femmes pour un
+    homme, ce serait un cas bien particulier de la polygamie. Dans tout ceci
+    je ne justifie pas les usages, mais j'en rends les raisons.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-584">[584]</a> What my friend treated as so wild a supposition, has actually
+    happened in the Western islands of Scotland, if we may believe Martin,
+    who tells it of the islands of Col and Tyr-yi, and says that it is
+    proved by the parish registers. BOSWELL. 'The Isle of Coll produces more
+    boys than girls, and the Isle of Tire-iy more girls than boys; as if
+    nature intended both these isles for mutual alliances, without being at
+    the trouble of going to the adjacent isles or continent to be matched.
+    The parish-book in which the number of the baptised is to be seen,
+    confirms this observation.' Martin's <i>Western Islands,</i> p. 271.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-585">[585]</a> <i>A Dissertation on the Gout</i>, by W. Cadogan, M.D., 1771. It went
+    through nine editions in its first year.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-586">[586]</a> This was a general reflection against Dr. Cadogan, when his very
+    popular book was first published. It was said, that whatever precepts he
+    might give to others, he himself indulged freely in the bottle. But I
+    have since had the pleasure of becoming acquainted with him, and, if his
+    own testimony may be believed, (and I have never heard it impeached,)
+    his course of life has been conformable to his doctrine. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-587">[587]</a> 'April 7, 1765. I purpose to rise at eight, because, though I
+    shall not yet rise early, it will be much earlier than I now rise, for I
+    often lie till two.' <i>Pr. and Med.</i> p. 62. 'Sept. 18, 1771. My nocturnal
+    complaints grow less troublesome towards morning; and I am tempted to
+    repair the deficiencies of the night. I think, however, to try to rise
+    every day by eight, and to combat indolence as I shall obtain strength.'
+    <i>Ib.</i> p. 105. 'April 14, 1775. As my life has from my earliest years
+    been wasted in a morning bed, my purpose is from Easter day to rise
+    early, not later than eight.' <i>Ib.</i> p. 139.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-588">[588]</a> See <i>post</i>, Oct. 25.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-589">[589]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. under Dec. 2, 1784.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-590">[590]</a> Miss Mulso (Mrs. Chapone) wrote in 1753:&mdash;'I had the assurance to
+    dispute with Mr. Johnson on the subject of human malignity, and wondered
+    to hear a man, who by his actions shews so much benevolence, maintain
+    that the human heart is naturally malevolent, and that all the
+    benevolence we see in the few who are good is acquired by reason and
+    religion.' <i> Life of Mrs. Chapone</i>, p.73. See <i>post</i>, p. 214.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-591">[591]</a> This act was passed in 1746.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-592">[592]</a> <i>Isaiah</i>, ii. 4.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-593">[593]</a> Sir Walter Scott, after mentioning Lord Orford's (Horace Walpole)
+    <i>History of His Own Time</i>, continues:&mdash;'The Memoirs of our Scots Sir
+    George Mackenzie are of the same class&mdash;both immersed in little
+    political detail, and the struggling skirmish of party, seem to have
+    lost sight of the great progressive movements of human affairs.'
+    Lockhart's <i>Scott</i> vii. 12.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-594">[594]</a> 'Illum jura potius ponere quam de jure respondere dixisses; eique
+    appropinquabant clientes tanquam judici potius quam advocato.'
+    Mackenzie's <i>Works</i>, ed. 1716, vol. i. part 2, p. 7.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-595">[595]</a> 'Opposuit ei providentia Nisbetum: qui summâ doctrinâ
+    consummatâque eloquentiâ causas agebat, ut justitiae scalae in
+    aequilibrio essent; nimiâ tamen arte semper utens artem suam suspectam
+    reddebat. Quoties ergo conflixerunt, penes Gilmorum gloria, penes
+    Nisbetum palma fuit; quoniam in hoc plus artis et cultus, in illo
+    naturae et virium.' <i>Ib.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-596">[596]</a> He often indulged himself in every species of pleasantry and wit. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-597">[597]</a> But like the hawk, having soared with a lofty flight to a height
+    which the eye could not reach, he was wont to swoop upon his quarry with
+    wonderful rapidity. BOSWELL. These two quotations are part of the same
+    paragraph, and are not even separated by a word. <i>Ib.</i> p. 6.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-598">[598]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 453; iii. 323; iv. 276; and v. 32.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-599">[599]</a> Some years later he said that 'when Burke lets himself down to
+    jocularity he is in the kennel.' <i>Ante</i>, iv. 276.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-600">[600]</a> Cicero and Demosthenes, no doubt, were brought in by the passage
+    about Nicholson. Mackenzie continues:&mdash;'Hic primus nos a Syllogismorum
+    servitute manumisit et Aristotelem Demostheni potius quam Ciceroni forum
+    concedere coegit.' P. 6.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-601">[601]</a> See <i>ante</i> ii. 435 and iv. 149, note 3.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-602">[602]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 103.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-603">[603]</a> See <i>ante</i> ii 436
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-604">[604]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 65.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-605">[605]</a> On Sept. 13, 1777, Johnson wrote:&mdash;'Boswell shrinks from the
+    Baltick expedition, which, I think, is the best scheme in our power.'
+    <i>Ante</i>, iii. 134, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-606">[606]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 59, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-607">[607]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 368.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-608">[608]</a> 'Every man wishes to be wise, and they who cannot be wise are
+    almost always cunning ... nor is caution ever so necessary as with
+    associates or opponents of feeble minds.' <i>The Idler</i>, No. 92. In a
+    letter to Dr. Taylor Johnson says:&mdash;'To help the ignorant commonly
+    requires much patience, for the ignorant are always trying to be
+    cunning.' <i>Notes and Queries</i>, 6th S. v. 462. Churchill, in <i>The
+    Journey</i> (<i>Poems</i>, ed. 1766, ii. 327), says:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     ''Gainst fools be guarded; 'tis a certain rule,
+      Wits are safe things, there's danger in a fool.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-609">[609]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 173.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-610">[610]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'For thee we dim the eyes, and stuff the head
+      With all such reading as was never read;
+      For thee explain a thing till all men doubt it,
+      And  write   about  it,  goddess, and about it.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>The Dunciad</i>, iv. 249.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-611">[611]</a> Genius is chiefly exerted in historical pictures; and the art of
+    the painter of portraits is often lost in the obscurity of his subject.
+    But it is in painting as in life; what is greatest is not always best. I
+    should grieve to see Reynolds transfer to heroes and to goddesses, to
+    empty splendour and to airy fiction, that art which is now employed in
+    diffusing friendship, in reviving tenderness, in quickening the
+    affections of the absent, and continuing the presence of the dead.' <i>The
+    Idler</i>, No. 45. 'Southey wrote thirty years later:&mdash;'I find daily more
+    and more reason to wonder at the miserable ignorance of English
+    historians, and to grieve with a sort of despondency at seeing how much
+    that has been laid up among the stores of knowledge has been neglected
+    and utterly forgotten.' Southey's <i>Life</i>, ii. 264. On another occasion
+    he said of Robertson:&mdash;'To write his introduction to <i>Charles V</i>,
+    without reading these <i>Laws</i> [the <i>Laws</i> of Alonso the Wise], is one of
+    the thousand and one omissions for which he ought to be called rogue, as
+    long as his volumes last. <i>Ib</i>. p. 318
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-612">[612]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'That eagle's fate and mine are one,
+      Which on the shaft that made him die,
+      Espy'd a feather of his own,
+      Wherewith he wont to soar so high.'
+      <i>Epistle to a Lady.</i>
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Anderson's <i>Poets</i>, v. 480.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-613">[613]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 271.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-614">[614]</a> 'In England there may be reason for raising the rents (in a
+    certain degree) where the value of lands is increased by accession of
+    commerce, ...but here (contrary to all policy) the great men begin at
+    the wrong end, with squeezing the bag, before they have helped the poor
+    tenant to fill it; by the introduction of manufactures.' Pennant's
+    <i>Scotland</i>, ed. 1772, p. 191.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-615">[615]</a> Boswell refers, not to a passage in <i>Pennant</i>, but to Johnson's
+    admission that in his dispute with Monboddo, 'he might have taken the
+    side of the savage, had anybody else taken the side of the shopkeeper.'
+    <i>Ante</i>, p. 83.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-616">[616]</a> 'Boswell, with some of his troublesome kindness, has informed this
+    family and reminded me that the 18th of September is my birthday. The
+    return of my birthday, if I remember it, fills me with thoughts which it
+    seems to be the general care of humanity to escape.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>,
+    i. 134. See <i>ante</i>, iii. 157.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-617">[617]</a> 'At Dunvegan I had tasted lotus, and was in danger of forgetting
+    that I was ever to depart, till Mr. Boswell sagely reproached me with my
+    sluggishness and softness.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 67.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-618">[618]</a> Johnson wrote of the ministers:&mdash;'I saw not one in the islands
+    whom I had reason to think either deficient in learning, or irregular in
+    life; but found several with whom I could not converse without wishing,
+    as my respect increased, that they had not been Presbyterians.' <i>Ib</i>.
+    p. 102.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-619">[619]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 142.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-620">[620]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 28.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-621">[621]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'So horses they affirm to be
+      Mere engines made by geometry,
+      And were invented first from engines,
+      As Indian Britons were from penguins.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>Hudibras</i>, part i. canto 2, line 57. Z. Gray, in a note on these lines,
+    quotes Selden's note on Drayton's <i>Polyolbion</i>:&mdash;'About the year 1570,
+    Madoc, brother to David Ap Owen, Prince of Wales, made a sea-voyage to
+    Florida; and by probability those names of Capo de Breton in Norimberg,
+    and Penguin in part of the Northern America, for a white rock and a
+    white-headed bird, according to the British, were relicts of this
+    discovery.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-622">[622]</a> Published in Edinburgh in 1763.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-623">[623]</a> See ante, ii. 76. 'Johnson used to say that in all family disputes
+    the odds were in favour of the husband from his superior knowledge of
+    life and manners.' Johnson's Works (1787), xi. 210.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-624">[624]</a> He wrote to Dr. Taylor:&mdash;' Nature has given women so much power
+    that the law has very wisely given them little.' <i>Notes and Queries</i>,
+    6th S. v. 342.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-625">[625]</a> As I have faithfully recorded so many minute particulars, I hope I
+    shall be pardoned for inserting so flattering an encomium on what is now
+    offered to the publick. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-626">[626]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 109, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-627">[627]</a> 'The islanders of all degrees, whether of rank or understanding,
+    universally admit it, except the ministers, who universally deny it, and
+    are suspected to deny it in consequence of a system, against
+    conviction.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 106.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-628">[628]</a> The true story of this lady, which happened in this century, is as
+    frightfully romantick as if it had been the fiction of a gloomy fancy.
+    She was the wife of one of the Lords of Session in Scotland, a man of
+    the very first blood of his country. For some mysterious reasons, which
+    have never been discovered, she was seized and carried off in the dark,
+    she knew not by whom, and by nightly journeys was conveyed to the
+    Highland shores, from whence she was transported by sea to the remote
+    rock of St. Kilda, where she remained, amongst its few wild inhabitants,
+    a forlorn prisoner, but had a constant supply of provisions, and a woman
+    to wait on her. No inquiry was made after her, till she at last found
+    means to convey a letter to a confidential friend, by the daughter of a
+    Catechist, who concealed it in a clue of yarn. Information being thus
+    obtained at Edinburgh, a ship was sent to bring her off; but
+    intelligence of this being received, she was conveyed to M'Leod's island
+    of Herries, where she died.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In CARSTARE'S STATE PAPERS we find an authentick narrative of Connor
+    [Conn], a catholick priest, who turned protestant, being seized by some
+    of Lord Seaforth's people, and detained prisoner in the island of
+    Herries several years; he was fed with bread and water, and lodged in a
+    house where he was exposed to the rains and cold. Sir James Ogilvy
+    writes (June 18, 1667 <a name="note-1697">[1697]</a>), that the Lord Chancellor, the Lord
+    Advocate, and himself, were to meet next day, to take effectual methods
+    to have this redressed. Connor was then still detained; p. 310.&mdash;This
+    shews what private oppression might in the last century be practised in
+    the Hebrides.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the same collection [in a letter dated Sept. 15, 1700], the Earl of
+    Argyle gives a picturesque account of an embassy from the <i>great</i> M'Neil
+    <i>of Barra</i>, as that insular Chief used to be denominated:&mdash;'I received a
+    letter yesterday from M'Neil of Barra, who lives very far off, sent by a
+    gentleman in all formality, offering his service, which had made you
+    laugh to see his entry. His style of his letter runs as if he were of
+    another kingdom.'&mdash;Page 643. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Sir Walter Scott says:&mdash;'I have seen Lady Grange's Journal. She had
+    become privy to some of the Jacobite intrigues, in which her husband,
+    Lord Grange (an Erskine, brother of the Earl of Mar, and a Lord of
+    Session), and his family were engaged. Being on indifferent terms with
+    her husband, she is said to have thrown out hints that she knew as much
+    as would cost him his life. The judge probably thought with Mrs.
+    Peachum, that it is rather an awkward state of domestic affairs, when
+    the wife has it in her power to hang the husband. Lady Grange was the
+    more to be dreaded, as she came of a vindictive race, being the
+    grandchild [according to Mr. Chambers, the child] of that Chiesley of
+    Dalry, who assassinated Sir George Lockhart, the Lord President. Many
+    persons of importance in the Highlands were concerned in removing her
+    testimony. The notorious Lovat, with a party of his men, were the direct
+    agents in carrying her off; and St. Kilda, belonging then to Macleod,
+    was selected as the place of confinement. The name by which she was
+    spoken or written of was <i>Corpach</i>, an ominous distinction,
+    corresponding to what is called <i>subject</i> in the lecture-room of an
+    anatomist, or <i>shot</i> in the slang of the Westport murderers' [Burke and
+    Hare]. Sir Walter adds that 'it was said of M'Neil of Barra, that when
+    he dined, his bagpipes blew a particular strain, intimating that all the
+    world might go to dinner.' Croker's <i>Boswell</i>, p. 341.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-629">[629]</a> I doubt the justice of my fellow-traveller's remark concerning the
+    French literati, many of whom, I am told, have considerable merit in
+    conversation, as well as in their writings. That of Monsieur de Buffon,
+    in particular, I am well assured, is highly instructive and
+    entertaining. BOSWELL. See <i>ante</i>, iii. 253.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-630">[630]</a> Horace Walpole, writing of 1758, says:&mdash;'Prize-fighting, in which
+    we had horribly resembled the most barbarous and most polite nations,
+    was suppressed by the legislature.' <i>Memoirs of the Reign of George II</i>,
+    iii. 99. According to Mrs. Piozzi (<i>Anec.</i> p. 5), Johnson said that his
+    'father's brother, Andrew, kept the ring in Smithfield (where they
+    wrestled and boxed) for a whole year, and never was thrown or conquered.
+    Mr. Johnson was,' she continues, 'very conversant in the art of boxing.'
+    She had heard him descant upon it 'much to the admiration of those who
+    had no expectation of his skill in such matters.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-631">[631]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 179, 226, and iv. 211.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-632">[632]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 98.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-633">[633]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i, 110.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-634">[634]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 398, and ii. 15, 35, 441.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-635">[635]</a> Gibbon, thirteen years later, writing to Lord Sheffield about the
+    commercial treaty with France, said (<i>Misc. Works</i>, ii. 399):&mdash;'I hope
+    both nations are gainers; since otherwise it cannot be lasting; and such
+    double mutual gain is surely possible in fair trade, though it could not
+    easily happen in the mischievous amusements of war and gaming.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-636">[636]</a> Johnson (<i>Works</i>, viii. 139), writing of gratitude and resentment,
+    says:&mdash;'Though there are few who will practise a laborious virtue,
+    there will never be wanting multitudes that will indulge an easy vice.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-637">[637]</a> <i>Aul. Gellius</i>, lib. v. c. xiv. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-638">[638]</a> 'The difficulties in princes' business are many and great; but the
+    greatest difficulty is often in their own mind. For it is common with
+    princes, saith Tacitus, to will contradictories. <i>Sunt plerumque regum
+    voluntates vehementes, et inter se contrariae</i>. For it is the solecism
+    of power to think to command the end, and yet not to endure the mean.'
+    Bacon's <i>Essays</i>, No. xix.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-639">[639]</a> Yet Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale on Sept. 30:&mdash;'I am now no longer
+    pleased with the delay; you can hear from me but seldom, and I cannot at
+    all hear from you. It comes into my mind that some evil may happen.'
+    <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 148. On Oct. 15 he wrote to Mr. Thrale:&mdash;'Having
+    for many weeks had no letter, my longings are very great to be informed
+    how all things are at home, as you and mistress allow me to call it....
+    I beg to have my thoughts set at rest by a letter from you or my
+    mistress.' <i>Ib</i>. p. 166. See <i>ante</i>, iii. 4.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-640">[640]</a> Sir Walter Scott thus describes Dunvegan in 1814:&mdash;'The whole
+    castle occupies a precipitous mass of rock overhanging the lake, divided
+    by two or three islands in that place, which form a snug little harbour
+    under the walls. There is a court-yard looking out upon the sea,
+    protected by a battery, at least a succession of embrasures, for only
+    two guns are pointed, and these unfit for service. The ancient entrance
+    rose up a flight of steps cut in the rock, and passed into this
+    court-yard through a portal, but this is now demolished. You land under
+    the castle, and walking round find yourself in front of it. This was
+    originally inaccessible, for a brook coming down on the one side, a
+    chasm of the rocks on the other, and a ditch in front, made it
+    impervious. But the late Macleod built a bridge over the stream, and the
+    present laird is executing an entrance suitable to the character of this
+    remarkable fortalice, by making a portal between two advanced towers,
+    and an outer court, from which he proposes to throw a draw-bridge over
+    to the high rock in front of the castle.' Lockhart's <i>Scott</i>, ed.
+    1839, iv. 303.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-641">[641]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Bella gerant alii; tu, felix Austria, nube;
+      Quae dat Mars aliis, dat tibi regna Venus.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-642">[642]</a> Johnson says of this castle:&mdash;'It is so nearly entire, that it
+    might have easily been made habitable, were there not an ominous
+    tradition in the family, that the owner shall not long outlive the
+    reparation. The grandfather of the present laird, in defiance of
+    prediction, began the work, but desisted in a little time, and applied
+    his money to worse uses.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 64.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-643">[643]</a> Macaulay (<i>Essays</i>, ed. 1843, i. 365) ends a lively piece of
+    criticism on Mr. Croker by saying:&mdash;'It requires no Bentley or Casaubon
+    to perceive that Philarchus is merely a false spelling for Phylarchus,
+    the chief of a tribe.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-644">[644]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 180.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-645">[645]</a> Sir Walter Scott wrote in 1814:&mdash;'The monument is now nearly
+    ruinous, and the inscription has fallen down.' Lockhart's <i>Scott</i>,
+    iv. 308.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-646">[646]</a> 'Wheel carriages they have none, but make a frame of timber, which
+    is drawn by one horse, with the two points behind pressing on the
+    ground. On this they sometimes drag home their sheaves, but often convey
+    them home in a kind of open pannier, or frame of sticks, upon the
+    horse's back.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 76. 'The young Laird of Col has
+    attempted what no islander perhaps ever thought on. He has begun a road
+    capable of a wheel-carriage. He has carried it about a mile.' <i>Ib</i>.
+    p. 128.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-647">[647]</a> Captain Phipps had sailed in May of this year, and in the
+    neighbourhood of Spitzbergen had reached the latitude of more than 80°.
+    He returned to England in the end of September. <i>Gent. Mag</i>. 1774,
+    p. 420.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-648">[648]</a> <i>Aeneid</i>, vi. II.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-649">[649]</a> 'In the afternoon, an interval of calm sunshine courted us out to
+    see a cave on the shore, famous for its echo. When we went into the
+    boat, one of our companions was asked in Erse by the boatmen, who they
+    were that came with him. He gave us characters, I suppose to our
+    advantage, and was asked, in the spirit of the Highlands, whether I
+    could recite a long series of ancestors. The boatmen said, as I
+    perceived afterwards, that they heard the cry of an English ghost. This,
+    Boswell says, disturbed him.... There was no echo; such is the fidelity
+    of report.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 156.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-650">[650]</a> '<i>Law</i> or <i>low</i> signifies a hill: <i>ex. gr.</i> Wardlaw, guard hill,
+    Houndslow, the dog's hill.' Blackie's <i>Etymological Geography</i>, p. 103.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-651">[651]</a> Pepys often mentions them. At first he praises them highly, but of
+    one of the later ones&mdash;<i>Tryphon</i>&mdash;he writes:&mdash;'The play, though
+    admirable, yet no pleasure almost in it, because just the very same
+    design, and words, and sense, and plot, as every one of his plays have,
+    any one of which would be held admirable, whereas so many of the same
+    design and fancy do but dull one another.' Pepys's <i>Diary</i>, ed. 1851,
+    v. 63.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-652">[652]</a> The second and third earls are passed over by Johnson. It was the
+    fourth earl who, as Charles Boyle, had been Bentley's antagonist. Of
+    this controversy a full account is given in Lord Macaulay's <i>Life of
+    Atterbury</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-653">[653]</a> The fifth earl, John. See <i>ante</i>, i. 185, and iii. 249.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-654">[654]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 9, and iii. 154.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-655">[655]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 129, and iii. 183.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-656">[656]</a> The young lord was married on the 8th of May, 1728, and the
+    father's will is dated the 6th of Nov. following. 'Having,' says the
+    testator, 'never observed that my son hath showed much taste or
+    inclination, either for the entertainment or knowledge which study and
+    learning afford, I give and bequeath all my books and mathematical
+    instruments [with certain exceptions] to Christchurch College, in
+    Oxford.' CROKER.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-657">[657]</a> His <i>Life of Swift</i> is written in the form of <i>Letters to his Son,
+    the Hon. Hamilton Boyle.</i> The fifteenth Letter, in which he finishes his
+    criticism of <i>Gulliver's Travels</i>, affords a good instance of this
+    'studied variety of phrase.' 'I may finish my letter,' he writes,
+    'especially as the conclusion of it naturally turns my thoughts from
+    Yahoos to one of the dearest pledges I have upon earth, yourself, to
+    whom I am a most
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Affectionate Father,
+
+     'ORRERY.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    See <i>ante</i>, i. 275-284, for Johnson's letters to Thomas Warton, many of
+    which end 'in studied varieties of phrase.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-658">[658]</a> <i>The Conquest of Granada</i> was dedicated to the Duke of York. The
+    conclusion is as follows:&mdash;'If at any time Almanzor fulfils the parts of
+    personal valour and of conduct, of a soldier and of a general; or, if I
+    could yet give him a character more advantageous that what he has, of
+    the most unshaken friend, the greatest of subjects, and the best of
+    masters; I should then draw all the world a true resemblance of your
+    worth and virtues; at least as far as they are capable of being copied
+    by the mean abilities of,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Sir,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Your Royal Highness's
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Most humble, and most
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Obedient servant,
+</p>
+<center>
+    'J. DRYDEN.'
+</center>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-659">[659]</a> On the day of his coronation he was asked to pardon four young men
+    who had broken the law against carrying arms. 'So long as I live,' he
+    replied, 'every criminal must die.' 'He was inexorable in individual
+    cases; he adhered to his laws with a rigour that amounted to cruelty,
+    while in the framing of general rules we find him mild, yielding, and
+    placable.' Ranke's <i>Popes</i>, ed. 1866, i. 307, 311.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-660">[660]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 239, where he discusses the question of shooting
+    a highwayman.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-661">[661]</a> In <i>The Rambler</i>, No. 78, he says:&mdash;'I believe men may be
+    generally observed to grow less tender as they advance in age.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-662">[662]</a> He passed over his own <i>Life of Savage</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-663">[663]</a> 'When I was a young fellow, I wanted to write the <i>Life of Dryden'
+    Ante</i>, iii. 71.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-664">[664]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 117.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-665">[665]</a> 'I asked a very learned minister in Sky, who had used all arts to
+    make me believe the genuineness of the book, whether at last he believed
+    it himself; but he would not answer. He wished me to be deceived for the
+    honour of his country; but would not directly and formally deceive me.
+    Yet has this man's testimony been publickly produced, as of one that
+    held <i>Fingal</i> to be the work of Ossian.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 115.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-666">[666]</a> A young lady had sung to him an Erse song. He asked her, 'What is
+    that about? I question if she conceived that I did not understand it.
+    For the entertainment of the company, said she. But, Madam, what is the
+    meaning of it? It is a love song. This was all the intelligence that I
+    could obtain; nor have I been able to procure the translation of a
+    single line of Erse.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 146. See <i>post</i>, Oct. 16
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-667">[667]</a> This droll quotation, I have since found, was from a song in
+    honour of the Earl of Essex, called <i>Queen Elisabeth's Champion</i>, which
+    is preserved in a collection of Old Ballads, in three volumes, published
+    in London in different years, between 1720 and 1730. The full verse is
+    as follows:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Oh! then bespoke the prentices all,
+      Living in London, both proper and tall,
+      In a kind letter sent straight to the Queen,
+      For Essex's sake they would fight all.
+          Raderer too, tandaro te,
+          Raderer, tandorer, tan do re.'
+					BOSWELL.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-668">[668]</a> La Condamine describes a tribe called the Tameos, on the north
+    side of the river Tiger in South America, who have a word for <i>three</i>.
+    He continues:&mdash;'Happily for those who have transactions with them,
+    their arithmetic goes no farther. The Brazilian tongue, a language
+    spoken by people less savage, is equally barren; the people who speak
+    it, where more than three is to be expressed, are obliged to use the
+    Portuguese.' Pinkerton's <i>Voyages</i>, xiv. 225.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-669">[669]</a> 'It was Addison's practice, when he found any man invincibly
+    wrong, to flatter his opinions by acquiescence, and sink him yet deeper
+    in absurdity. This artifice of mischief was admired by Stella; and Swift
+    seems to approve her admiration.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, vii. 450. Swift, in
+    his <i>Character of Mrs. Johnson </i> (Stella), says:&mdash;'Whether this
+    proceeded from her easiness in general, or from her indifference to
+    persons, or from her despair of mending them, or from the same practice
+    which she much liked in Mr. Addison, I cannot determine; but when she
+    saw any of the company very warm in a wrong opinion, she was more
+    inclined to confirm them in it than oppose them. The excuse she commonly
+    gave, when her friends asked the reason, was, "That it prevented noise
+    and saved time." Swift's <i>Works</i>, xiv. 254.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-670">[670]</a> In the Appendix to Blair's <i>Critical Dissertation on the Poems of
+    Ossian</i> Macqueen is mentioned as one of his authorities for his
+    statements.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-671">[671]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 262, note.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-672">[672]</a> I think it but justice to say, that I believe Dr. Johnson meant to
+    ascribe Mr. M'Queen's conduct to inaccuracy and enthusiasm, and did not
+    mean any severe imputation against him. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-673">[673]</a> In Baretti's trial (<i>ante</i>, ii. 97, note I) he seems to have given
+    his evidence clearly. What he had to say, however, was not much.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-674">[674]</a> Boswell had spoken before to Johnson about this omission. <i>Ante</i>,
+    ii. 92.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-675">[675]</a> It has been triumphantly asked, 'Had not the plays of Shakspeare
+    lain dormant for many years before the appearance of Mr. Garrick? Did he
+    not exhibit the most excellent of them frequently for thirty years
+    together, and render them extremely popular by his own inimitable
+    performance?' He undoubtedly did. But Dr. Johnson's assertion has been
+    misunderstood. Knowing as well as the objectors what has been just
+    stated, he must necessarily have meant, that 'Mr. Garrick did not as <i>a
+    critick</i> make Shakspeare better known; he did not <i>illustrate</i> any one
+    <i>passage</i> in any of his plays by acuteness of disquisition, or sagacity
+    of conjecture: and what had been done with any degree of excellence in
+    <i>that</i> way was the proper and immediate subject of his preface. I may
+    add in support of this explanation the following anecdote, related to me
+    by one of the ablest commentators on Shakspeare, who knew much of Dr.
+    Johnson: 'Now I have quitted the theatre, cries Garrick, I will sit down
+    and read Shakspeare.' ''Tis time you should, exclaimed Johnson, for I
+    much doubt if you ever examined one of his plays from the first scene to
+    the last.' BOSWELL. According to Davies (<i>Life of Garrick</i>, i. 120)
+    during the twenty years' management of Drury Lane by Booth, Wilks and
+    Cibber (about 1712-1732) not more than eight or nine of Shakspeare's
+    plays were acted, whereas Garrick annually gave the public seventeen or
+    eighteen. <i>Romeo and Juliet</i> had lain neglected near 80 years, when in
+    1748-9 Garrick brought it out, or rather a hash of it. 'Otway had made
+    some alteration in the catastrophe, which Mr. Garrick greatly improved
+    by the addition of a scene, which was written with a spirit not unworthy
+    of Shakespeare himself.' <i>Ib</i>. p. 125. Murphy (<i>Life of Garrick</i>, p.
+    100), writing of this alteration, says:&mdash;'The catastrophe, as it now
+    stands, is the most affecting in the whole compass of the drama.' Davies
+    says (p. 20) that shortly before Garrick's time 'a taste for Shakespeare
+    had been revived. The ladies had formed themselves into a society under
+    the title of The Shakespeare Club. They bespoke every week some
+    favourite play of his.' This revival was shown in the increasing number
+    of readers of Shakespeare. It was in 1741 that Garrick began to act. In
+    the previous sixteen years there had been published four editions of
+    Pope's <i>Shakespeare</i> and two of Theobald's. In the next ten years were
+    published five editions of Hanmer's <i>Shakespeare</i>, and two of
+    Warburton's, besides Johnson's <i>Observations on Macbeth. </i>Lowndes's
+    <i>Bibl. Man.</i> ed. 1871, p. 2270.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-676">[676]</a> In her foolish <i>Essay on Shakespeare</i>, p. 15. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 88.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-677">[677]</a> No man has less inclination to controversy than I have,
+    particularly with a lady. But as I have claimed, and am conscious of
+    being entitled to credit for the strictest fidelity, my respect for the
+    publick obliges me to take notice of an insinuation which tends to
+    impeach it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mrs. Piozzi (late Mrs. Thrale), to her <i>Anecdotes of Dr. Johnson</i>, added
+    the following postscript:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    '<i>Naples, Feb.</i> 10, 1786.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Since the foregoing went to the press, having seen a passage from Mr.
+    Boswell's <i>Tour to the Hebrides,</i> in which it is said, that <i>I could not
+    get through Mrs. Montague's "Essay on Shakspeare,"</i> I do not delay a
+    moment to declare, that, on the contrary, I have always commended it
+    myself, and heard it commended by every one else; and few things would
+    give me more concern than to be thought incapable of tasting, or
+    unwilling to testify my opinion of its excellence.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    It is remarkable that this postscript is so expressed, as not to point
+    out the person who said that Mrs. Thrale could not get through Mrs.
+    Montague's book; and therefore I think it necessary to remind Mrs.
+    Piozzi, that the assertion concerning her was Dr. Johnson's, and not
+    mine. The second observation that I shall make on this postscript is,
+    that it does not deny the fact asserted, though I must acknowledge from
+    the praise it bestows on Mrs. Montague's book, it may have been designed
+    to convey that meaning.
+</p>
+<p>
+    What Mrs. Thrale's opinion is or was, or what she may or may not have
+    said to Dr. Johnson concerning Mrs. Montague's book, it is not necessary
+    for me to enquire. It is only incumbent on me to ascertain what Dr.
+    Johnson said to me. I shall therefore confine myself to a very short
+    state of the fact. The unfavourable opinion of Mrs. Montague's book,
+    which Dr. Johnson, is here reported to have given, is, known to have
+    been that which he uniformly expressed, as many of his friends well
+    remember. So much, for the authenticity of the paragraph, as far as it
+    relates to his own sentiments. The words containing the assertion, to
+    which Mrs. Piozzi objects, are printed from my manuscript Journal, and
+    were taken down at the time. The Journal was read by Dr. Johnson, who
+    pointed out some inaccuracies, which I corrected, but did not mention
+    any inaccuracy in the paragraph in question: and what is still more
+    material, and very flattering to me, a considerable part of my Journal,
+    containing this paragraph, <i>was read several years ago by, Mrs. Thrale
+    herself </i>[see <i>ante</i>, ii. 383], who had it for some time in her
+    possession, and returned it to me, without intimating that Dr. Johnson
+    had mistaken her sentiments.
+</p>
+<p>
+    When the first edition of my Journal was passing through the press, it
+    occurred to me that a peculiar delicacy was necessary to be observed in
+    reporting the opinion of one literary lady concerning the performance of
+    another; and I had such scruples on that head, that in the proof sheet I
+    struck out the name of Mrs. Thrale from the above paragraph, and two or
+    three hundred copies of my book were actually printed and published
+    without it; of these Sir Joshua Reynolds's copy happened to be one. But
+    while the sheet was working off, a friend, for whose opinion I have
+    great respect, suggested that I had no right to deprive Mrs. Thrale of
+    the high honour which Dr. Johnson had done her, by stating her opinion
+    along with that of Mr. Beauclerk, as coinciding with, and, as it were,
+    sanctioning his own. The observation appeared to me so weighty and
+    conclusive, that I hastened to the printing-house, and, as a piece of
+    justice, restored Mrs. Thrale to that place from which a too scrupulous
+    delicacy had excluded her. On this simple state of facts I shall make no
+    observation whatever. BOSWELL. This note was first published in the form
+    of a letter to the Editor of <i>The Gazetteer</i> on April 17, 1786.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-678">[678]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 215, for his knowledge of coining and brewing, and
+    <i>post</i>, p. 263, for his knowledge of threshing and thatching. Now and
+    then, no doubt, 'he talked ostentatiously,' as he had at Fort George
+    about Gunpowder (<i>ante</i>, p. 124). In the <i>Gent. Mag.</i> for 1749, p. 55,
+    there is a paper on the <i>Construction of Fireworks</i>, which I have little
+    doubt is his. The following passage is certainly Johnsonian:&mdash;'The
+    excellency of a rocket consists in the largeness of the train of fire it
+    emits, the solemnity of its motion (which should be rather slow at
+    first, but augmenting as it rises), the straightness of its flight, and
+    the height to which it ascends.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-679">[679]</a> Perhaps Johnson refers to Stephen Hales's <i>Statical Essays</i>
+    (London, 1733), in which is an account of experiments made on the blood
+    and blood-vessels of animals.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-680">[680]</a> Evidence was given at the Tichborne Trial to shew that it takes
+    some years to learn the trade.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-681">[681]</a> Not the very tavern, which was burned down in the great fire. P. CUNNINGHAM.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-682">[682]</a> I do not see why I might not have been of this club without
+    lessening my character. But Dr. Johnson's caution against supposing
+    one's self concealed in London, may be very useful to prevent some
+    people from doing many things, not only foolish, but criminal. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-683">[683]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 318.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-684">[684]</a> Johnson defines <i>airy</i> as <i>gay, sprightly, full of mirth</i>, &amp;c.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-685">[685]</a> 'A man would be drowned by claret before it made him drunk.'
+    <i>Ante</i>, iii. 381.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-686">[686]</a> <i>Ante</i>, p. 137.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-687">[687]</a> See <i>ante</i> ii. 261.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-688">[688]</a> Lord Chesterfield wrote in 1747 (<i>Misc. Works</i>, iv. 231):&mdash;
+    Drinking is a most beastly vice in every country, but it is really a
+    ruinous one to Ireland; nine gentlemen in ten in Ireland are
+    impoverished by the great quantity of claret, which from mistaken
+    notions of hospitality and dignity, they think it necessary should be
+    drunk in their houses. This expense leaves them no room to improve their
+    estates by proper indulgence upon proper conditions to their tenants,
+    who must pay them to the full, and upon the very day, that they may pay
+    their wine-merchants.' In 1754 he wrote (<i>ib.</i>p.359):&mdash;If it would but
+    please God by his lightning to blast all the vines in the world, and by
+    his thunder to turn all the wines now in Ireland sour, as I most
+    sincerely wish he would, Ireland would enjoy a degree of quiet and
+    plenty that it has never yet known.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-689">[689]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 95.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-690">[690]</a> 'The sea being broken by the multitude of islands does not roar
+    with so much noise, nor beat the storm with such foamy violence as I
+    have remarked on the coast of Sussex. Though, while I was in the
+    Hebrides, the wind was extremely turbulent, I never saw very high
+    billows.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 65.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-691">[691]</a> Johnson this day thus wrote of Mr. M'Queen to Mrs. Thrale:&mdash;'You
+    find that all the islanders even in these recesses of life are not
+    barbarous. One of the ministers who has adhered to us almost all the
+    time is an excellent scholar.' <i>Piozzi Letters,</i> i. 157.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-692">[692]</a> See <i>post</i>, Nov. 6.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-693">[693]</a> This was a dexterous mode of description, for the purpose of his
+    argument; for what he alluded to was, a Sermon published by the learned
+    Dr. William Wishart, formerly principal of the college at Edinburgh, to
+    warn men <i>against</i> confiding in a death-bed <i>repentance</i> of the
+    inefficacy of which he entertained notions very different from those of
+    Dr. Johnson. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-694">[694]</a> The Rev. Dr. A. Carlyle (<i>Auto</i>. p. 441) thus writes of the
+    English clergy whom he met at Harrogate in 1763:&mdash;'I had never seen so
+    many of them together before, and between this and the following year I
+    was able to form a true judgment of them. They are, in general&mdash;I mean
+    the lower order&mdash;divided into bucks and prigs; of which the first,
+    though inconceivably ignorant, and sometimes indecent in their morals,
+    yet I held them to be most tolerable, because they were unassuming, and
+    had no other affectation but that of behaving themselves like gentlemen.
+    The other division of them, the prigs, are truly not to be endured, for
+    they are but half learned, are ignorant of the world, narrow-minded,
+    pedantic, and overbearing. And now and then you meet with a <i>rara avis</i>
+    who is accomplished and agreeable, a man of the world without
+    licentiousness, of learning without pedantry, and pious without
+    sanctimony; but this <i>is</i> a <i>rara avis</i>'.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-695">[695]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 446, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-696">[696]</a> Johnson defines <i>manage</i> in this sense <i>to train a horse to
+    graceful action</i>, and quotes Young:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'They vault from hunters to the managed steed.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-697">[697]</a> Of Sir William Forbes of a later generation, Lockhart (<i>Life of
+    Scott</i>, ix. 179) writes as follows:&mdash;'Sir William Forbes, whose
+    banking-house was one of Messrs. Ballantyne's chief creditors, crowned
+    his generous efforts for Scott's relief by privately paying the whole of
+    Abud's demand (nearly £2000) out of his own pocket.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-698">[698]</a> This scarcity of cash still exists on the islands, in several of
+    which five shilling notes are necessarily issued to have some
+    circulating medium. If you insist on having change, you must purchase
+    something at a shop. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-699">[699]</a> 'The payment of rent in kind has been so long disused in England
+    that it is totally forgotten. It was practised very lately in the
+    Hebrides, and probably still continues, not only in St. Kilda, where
+    money is not yet known, but in others of the smaller and remoter
+    islands.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 110.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-700">[700]</a> 'A place where the imagination is more amused cannot easily be
+    found. The mountains about it are of great height, with waterfalls
+    succeeding one another so fast, that as one ceases to be heard another
+    begins.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 157.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-701">[701]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 159.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-702">[702]</a> Johnson seems to be speaking of Hailes's <i>Memorials and Letters
+    relating to the History of Britain in the reign of James I and of
+    Charles I</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-703">[703]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 341.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-704">[704]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 91.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-705">[705]</a> 'In all ages of the world priests have been enemies to liberty,
+    and it is certain that this steady conduct of theirs must have been
+    founded on fixed reasons of interest and ambition. Liberty of thinking
+    and of expressing our thoughts is always fatal to priestly power, and to
+    those pious frauds on which it is commonly founded.... Hence it must
+    happen in such a government as that of Britain, that the established
+    clergy, while things are in their natural situation, will always be of
+    the <i>Court</i>-party; as, on the contrary, dissenters of all kinds will be
+    of the <i>Country</i>-party.' Hume's <i>Essays</i>, Part 1, No. viii.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-706">[706]</a> In the original <i>Every island's but a prison.</i> The song is by a
+    Mr. Coffey, and is given in Ritson's <i>English Songs</i> (1813), ii. 122.
+    It begins:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Welcome, welcome, brother debtor,
+         To this poor but merry place,
+      Where no bailiff, dun, nor setter,
+         Dares to show his frightful face.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    See <i>ante</i>, iii. 269.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-707">[707]</a> He wrote to Mrs. Thrale the day before (perhaps it was this day,
+    and the copyist blundered):&mdash;' I am still in Sky. Do you remember
+    the song&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    We have at one time no boat, and at another may have too much wind; but
+    of our reception here we have no reason to complain.' <i>Piozzi
+    Letters</i>, i. 143.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-708">[708]</a> My ingenuously relating this occasional instance of intemperance
+    has I find been made the subject both of serious criticism and ludicrous
+    banter. With the banterers I shall not trouble myself, but I wonder that
+    those who pretend to the appellation of serious criticks should not have
+    had sagacity enough to perceive that here, as in every other part of the
+    present work, my principal object was to delineate Dr. Johnson's manners
+    and character. In justice to him I would not omit an anecdote, which,
+    though in some degree to my own disadvantage, exhibits in so strong a
+    light the indulgence and good humour with which he could treat those
+    excesses in his friends, of which he highly disapproved.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In some other instances, the criticks have been equally wrong as to the
+    true motive of my recording particulars, the objections to which I saw
+    as clearly as they. But it would be an endless task for an authour to
+    point out upon every occasion the precise object he has in view,
+    Contenting himself with the approbation of readers of discernment and
+    taste, he ought not to complain that some are found who cannot or will
+    not understand him. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-709">[709]</a> In the original, 'wherein is excess.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-710">[710]</a> See Chappell's <i>Popular Music of the Olden Time</i>, i. 231.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-711">[711]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 383.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-712">[712]</a> see <i>ante</i>, p. 184.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-713">[713]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 120, where he took upon his knee a young woman who
+    came to consult him on the subject of Methodism.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-714">[714]</a> See <i>ante</i>, pp. 215, 246.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-715">[715]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 176.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-716">[716]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'If ev'ry wheel of that unwearied mill
+      That turned ten thousand verses now stands still.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>Imitations of Horace, 2 Epis.</i> ii. 78.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-717">[717]</a> <i>Ante</i>, p. 206.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-718">[718]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Nescio qua natale solum dulcedine captos
+      Ducit.'&mdash;Ovid, <i>Ex Pont</i>. i. 3. 35.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-719">[719]</a> Lift up your hearts.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-720">[720]</a> Mr. Croker prints the following letter written to Macleod the day
+    before:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Ostig, 28th Sept. 1773.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    'DEAR SIR,&mdash;We are now on the margin of the sea, waiting for a boat and
+    a wind. Boswell grows impatient; but the kind treatment which I find
+    wherever I go, makes me leave, with some heaviness of heart, an island
+    which I am not very likely to see again. Having now gone as far as
+    horses can carry us, we thankfully return them. My steed will, I hope,
+    be received with kindness;&mdash;he has borne me, heavy as I am, over ground
+    both rough and steep, with great fidelity; and for the use of him, as
+    for your other favours, I hope you will believe me thankful, and
+    willing, at whatever distance we may be placed, to shew my sense of your
+    kindness, by any offices of friendship that may fall within my power.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Lady Macleod and the young ladies have, by their hospitality and
+    politeness, made an impression on my mind, which will not easily be
+    effaced. Be pleased to tell them, that I remember them with great
+    tenderness, and great respect.&mdash;I am, Sir, your most obliged and most
+    humble servant,
+</p>
+<center>
+    'SAM. JOHNSON.'
+</center>
+<p>
+    'P.S.&mdash;We passed two days at Talisker very happily, both by the
+    pleasantness of the place and elegance of our reception.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-721">[721]</a> Johnson (<i>Works</i>, viii. 409), after describing how Shenstone laid
+    out the Leasowes, continues:&mdash;'Whether to plant a walk in undulating
+    curves, and to place a bench at every turn where there is an object to
+    catch the view; to make water run where it will be heard, and to
+    stagnate where it will be seen; to leave intervals where the eye will be
+    pleased, and to thicken the plantation where there is something to be
+    hidden, demands any great powers of mind, I will not inquire: perhaps a
+    surly and sullen speculator may think such performances rather the sport
+    than the business of human reason.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-722">[722]</a> Johnson quotes this and the two preceding stanzas as 'a passage,
+    to which if any mind denies its sympathy, it has no acquaintance with
+    love or nature.' <i>Ib</i>. p. 413.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-723">[723]</a> 'His mind was not very comprehensive, nor his curiosity active; he
+    had no value for those parts of knowledge which he had not himself
+    cultivated.' <i>Ib.</i> p. 411.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-724">[724]</a> In the preface to vol. iii. of Shenstone's <i>Works</i>, ed. 1773, a
+    quotation is given (p. vi) from one of the poet's letters in which he
+    complains of this burning. He writes:&mdash;'I look upon my Letters as some of
+    my <i>chef-d'auvres</i>.' On p. 301, after mentioning <i>Rasselas</i>, he
+    continues:&mdash;'Did I tell you I had a letter from Johnson, inclosing
+    Vernon's <i>Parish-clerk</i>?'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-725">[725]</a> 'The truth is these elegies have neither passion, nature, nor
+    manners. Where there is fiction, there is no passion: he that describes
+    himself as a shepherd, and his Neaera or Delia as a shepherdess, and
+    talks of goats and lambs, feels no passion. He that courts his mistress
+    with Roman imagery deserves to lose her; for she may with good reason
+    suspect his sincerity.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, viii. 91. See <i>ante</i>, iv. 17.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-726">[726]</a> His lines on Pulteney, Earl of Bath, still deserve some fame:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Leave a blank here and there in each page
+      To enrol the fair deeds of his youth!
+      When you mention the acts of his age,
+      Leave a blank for his honour and truth.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    From <i>The Statesman</i>, H. C. Williams's <i>Odes</i>, p. 47.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-727">[727]</a> Hamlet, act ii. sc. 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-728">[728]</a> He did not mention the name of any particular person; but those
+    who are conversant with the political world will probably recollect more
+    persons than one to whom this observation may be applied. BOSWELL. Mr.
+    Croker thinks that Lord North was meant. For his ministry Johnson
+    certainly came to have a great contempt (<i>ante</i>, iv. 139). If Johnson
+    was thinking of him, he differed widely in opinion from Gibbon, who
+    describes North as 'a consummate master of debate, who could wield with
+    equal dexterity the arms of reason and of ridicule.' Gibbon's <i>Misc.
+    Works</i>, i. 221. On May 2, 1775, he wrote:&mdash;' If they turned out Lord
+    North to-morrow, they would still leave him one of the best companions
+    in the kingdom.' <i>Ib.</i> ii. 135.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-729">[729]</a> Horace Walpole is speaking of this work, when he wrote on May 16,
+    1759 (<i>Letters</i>, iii. 227):&mdash;'Dr. Young has published a new book, on
+    purpose, he says himself, to have an opportunity of telling a story that
+    he has known these forty years. Mr. Addison sent for the young Lord
+    Warwick, as he was dying, to shew him in what peace a Christian could
+    die&mdash;unluckily he died of brandy&mdash;nothing makes a Christian die in
+    peace like being maudlin! but don't say this in Gath, where you are.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-730">[730]</a> 'His [Young's] plan seems to have started in his mind at the
+    present moment; and his thoughts appear the effect of chance, sometimes
+    adverse, and sometimes lucky, with very little operation of judgment....
+    His verses are formed by no certain model; he is no more like himself in
+    his different productions than he is like others. He seems never to have
+    studied prosody, nor to have had any direction but from his own ear. But
+    with all his defects, he was a man of genius and a poet.' Johnson's
+    <i>Works</i>, viii. 458, 462. Mrs. Piozzi (<i>Synonymy</i>, ii. 371) tells why
+    'Dr. Johnson despised Young's quantity of common knowledge as
+    comparatively small. 'Twas only because, speaking once upon the subject
+    of metrical composition, he seemed totally ignorant of what are called
+    rhopalick verses, from the Greek word, a club&mdash;verses in which each word
+    must be a syllable longer than that which goes before, such as:
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Spes deus aeternae stationis conciliator.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-731">[731]</a> He had said this before. <i>Ante</i>, ii. 96.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-732">[732]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Brunetta's wise in actions great and rare,
+      But scorns on trifles to bestow her care.
+      Thus ev'ry hour Brunetta is to blame,
+      Because th' occasion is beneath her aim.
+      Think nought a trifle, though it small appear;
+      Small sands the mountains, moments make the year,
+      And trifles life. Your care to trifles give,
+      Or you may die before you truly live.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>Love of Fame</i>, Satire vi. Johnson often taught that life is made up of
+    trifles. See <i>ante</i>, i. 433.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-733">[733]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     "But hold," she cries, "lampooner, have a care;
+      Must I want common sense, because I'm fair?"
+      O no: see Stella; her eyes shine as bright,
+      As if her tongue was never in the right;
+      And yet what real learning, judgment, fire!
+      She seems inspir'd, and can herself inspire:
+      How then (if malice rul'd not all the fair)
+      Could Daphne publish, and could she forbear?
+      We grant that beauty is no bar to sense,
+      Nor is't a sanction for impertinence.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>Love of Fame</i>, Satire v.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-734">[734]</a> Johnson called on Young's son at Welwyn in June, 1781. <i>Ante</i>, iv.
+    119. Croft, in his <i>Life of Young</i> (Johnson's <i>Works</i>, viii. 453), says
+    that 'Young and his housekeeper were ridiculed with more ill-nature than
+    wit in a kind of novel published by Kidgell in 1755, called <i>The Card</i>,
+    under the name of Dr. Elwes and Mrs. Fusby.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-735">[735]</a> <i>Memoirs of Philip Doddridge</i>, ed. 1766, p. 171.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-736">[736]</a> So late as 1783 he said 'this Hanoverian family is isolée here.'
+    <i>Ante</i>, iv. 165.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-737">[737]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 81, where he hoped that 'this gloom of infidelity
+    was only a transient cloud.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-738">[738]</a> Boswell has recorded this saying, <i>ante</i>, iv. 194.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-739">[739]</a> In 1755 an English version of this work had been published. <i>Gent.
+    Mag</i>. 1755, p. 574. In the Chronological Catalogue on p. 343 in vol. 66
+    of Voltaire's <i>Works</i>, ed. 1819, it is entered as <i>'Histoire de la
+    Guerre de</i> 1741, fondue en partie dans le <i>Précis du siècle de
+    Louis XV</i>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-740">[740]</a> Boswell is here merely repeating Johnson's words, who on April 11
+    of this year, advising him to keep a journal, had said, 'The great thing
+    to be recorded is the state of your own mind.' <i>Ante</i>, ii. 217.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-741">[741]</a> This word is not in his <i>Dictionary</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-742">[742]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 498.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-743">[743]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 61, 335; iii. 375, and <i>post</i>, under Nov. 11.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-744">[744]</a> Beattie had attacked Hume in his <i>Essay on Truth</i> (<i>ante</i>, ii. 201
+    and v. 29). Reynolds this autumn had painted Beattie in his gown of an
+    Oxford Doctor of Civil Law, with his <i>Essay</i> under his arm. 'The angel
+    of Truth is going before him, and beating down the Vices, Envy,
+    Falsehood, &amp;c., which are represented by a group of figures falling at
+    his approach, and the principal head in this group is made an exact
+    likeness of Voltaire. When Dr. Goldsmith saw this picture, he was very
+    indignant at it, and said:&mdash;"It very ill becomes a man of your eminence
+    and character, Sir Joshua, to condescend to be a mean flatterer, or to
+    wish to degrade so high a genius as Voltaire before so mean a writer as
+    Dr. Beattie; for Dr. Beattie and his book together will, in the space of
+    ten years, not be known ever to have been in existence, but your
+    allegorical picture and the fame of Voltaire will live for ever to your
+    disgrace as a flatterer."' Northcote's <i>Reynolds</i>, i. 300. Another of
+    the figures was commonly said to be a portrait of Hume; but Forbes
+    (<i>Life of Beattie</i>, ed. 1824, p. 158) says he had reason to believe that
+    Sir Joshua had no thought either of Hume or Voltaire. Beattie's <i>Essay</i>
+    is so much a thing of the past that Dr. J. H. Burton does not, I
+    believe, take the trouble ever to mention it in his <i>Life of Hume</i>.
+    Burns did not hold with Goldsmith, for he took Beattie's side:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Hence sweet harmonious Beattie sung
+               His <i>Minstrel</i> lays;
+      Or tore, with noble ardour stung,
+               The <i>Sceptic's</i> bays.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    (<i>The Vision</i>, part ii.)
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-745">[745]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 441.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-746">[746]</a> William Tytler published in 1759 an <i>Examination of the Histories
+    of Dr. Robertson and Mr. Hume with respect to Mary Queen of Scots</i>. It
+    was reviewed by Johnson. <i>Ante</i>, i. 354.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-747">[747]</a> Johnson's <i>Rasselas</i> was published in either March or April, and
+    Goldsmith's <i>Polite Learning</i> in April of 1759.I do not find that they
+    published any other works at the same time. If these are the works
+    meant, we have a proof that the two writers knew each other earlier than
+    was otherwise known.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-748">[748]</a> 'A learned prelate accidentally met Bentley in the days of
+    <i>Phalaris</i>; and after having complimented him on that noble piece of
+    criticism (the <i>Answer</i> to the Oxford Writers) he bad him not be
+    discouraged at this run upon him, for tho' they had got the laughers on
+    their side, yet mere wit and raillery could not long hold out against a
+    work of so much merit. To which the other replied, "Indeed Dr. S.
+    [Sprat], I am in no pain about the matter. For I hold it as certain,
+    that no man was ever written out of reputation but by himself."'
+    <i>Warburton on Pope</i>, iv. 159, quoted in Person's <i>Tracts</i>, p. 345.
+    'Against personal abuse,' says Hawkins (<i>Life</i>, p. 348), 'Johnson was
+    ever armed by a reflection that I have heard him utter:&mdash;"Alas!
+    reputation would be of little worth, were it in the power of every
+    concealed enemy to deprive us of it."' He wrote to Baretti:&mdash;'A man of
+    genius has been seldom ruined but by himself.' <i>Ante</i>, i. 381. Voltaire
+    in his <i>Essay Sur les inconvéniens attachés à la Littérature</i> (<i>Works</i>,
+    ed. 1819, xliii. 173), after describing all that an author does to win
+    the favour of the critics, continues:&mdash;'Tous vos soins n'empêchent pas
+    que quelque journaliste ne vous déchire. Vous lui répondez; il réplique;
+    vous avez un procès par écrit devant le public, qui condamne les deux
+    parties au ridicule.' See <i>ante</i>, ii. 61, note 4.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-749">[749]</a> However advantageous attacks may be, the feelings with which they
+    are regarded by authors are better described by Fielding when he
+    says:&mdash;'Nor shall we conclude the injury done this way to be very
+    slight, when we consider a book as the author's offspring, and indeed as
+    the child of his brain. The reader who hath suffered his muse to
+    continue hitherto in a virgin state can have but a very inadequate idea
+    of this kind of paternal fondness. To such we may parody the tender
+    exclamation of Macduff, "Alas! thou hast written no book."' <i>Tom Jones</i>,
+    bk. xi. ch. 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-750">[750]</a> It is strange that Johnson should not have known that the
+    <i>Adventures of a Guinea</i> was written by a namesake of his own, Charles
+    Johnson. Being disqualified for the bar, which was his profession, by a
+    supervening deafness, he went to India, and made some fortune, and died
+    there about 1800. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-751">[751]</a> Salusbury, not Salisbury.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-752">[752]</a> Horace Walpole (<i>Letters</i>, .ii 57) mentions in 1746 his cousin Sir
+    John Philipps, of Picton Castle; 'a noted Jacobite.'... He thus mentions
+    Lady Philipps in 1788 when she was 'very aged.' 'They have a favourite
+    black, who has lived with them a great many years, and is remarkably
+    sensible. To amuse Lady Philipps under a long illness, they had read to
+    her the account of the Pelew Islands. Somebody happened to say we were
+    sending a ship thither; the black, who was in the room, exclaimed, "Then
+    there is an end of their happiness." What a satire on Europe!' <i>Ib</i>.
+    ix. 157.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Lady Philips was known to Johnson through Miss Williams, to whom, as a
+    note in Croker's <i>Boswell</i> (p. 74) shews, she made a small yearly
+    allowance.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-753">[753]</a> 'To teach the minuter decencies and inferiour duties, to regulate
+    the practice of daily conversation, to correct those depravities which
+    are rather ridiculous than criminal, and remove those grievances which,
+    if they produce no lasting calamities, impress hourly vexation, was
+    first attempted by Casa in his book of <i>Manners</i>, and Castiglione in his
+    <i>Courtier</i>; two books yet celebrated in Italy for purity and elegance.'
+    Johnson's <i>Works</i>, vii. 428. <i>The Courtier</i> was translated into English
+    so early as 1561. Lowndes's <i>Bibl. Man</i>. ed. 1871, p. 386.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-754">[754]</a> Burnet (<i>History of His Own Time</i>, ii. 296) mentions Whitby among
+    the persons who both managed and directed the controversial war' against
+    Popery towards the end of Charles II's reign. 'Popery,' he says, 'was
+    never so well understood by the nation as it came to be upon this
+    occasion.' Whitby's Commentary <i>on the New Testament</i> was published
+    in 1703-9.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-755">[755]</a> By Henry Mackenzie, the author of <i>The Man of Feeling. Ante</i>, i.
+    360. It had been published anonymously this spring. The play of the same
+    name is by Macklin. It was brought out in 1781.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-756">[756]</a> No doubt Sir A. Macdonald. <i>Ante</i>, p. 148. This 'penurious
+    gentleman' is mentioned again, p. 315.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-757">[757]</a> Molière's play of <i>L'Avare</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-758">[758]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     '...facit indignatio versum.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Juvenal, <i>Sat</i>. i. 79.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-759">[759]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 252.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-760">[760]</a> He was sixty-four.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-761">[761]</a> Still, perhaps, in the <i>Western Isles</i>, 'It may be we shall touch
+    the Happy Isles.' Tennyson's <i>Ulysses.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-762">[762]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii, 51.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-763">[763]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 150.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-764">[764]</a> Sir Alexander Macdonald.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-765">[765]</a> 'To be or not to be: that is the question.' <i>Hamlet</i>, act iii. sc. 1.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-766">[766]</a> Virgil, <i>Eclogues</i>, iii. III.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-767">[767]</a> 'The stormy Hebrides.' Milton's <i>Lycidas</i>, 1. 156.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-768">[768]</a> Boswell was thinking of the passage (p. xxi.) in which Hawkesworth
+    tells how one of Captain Cook's ships was saved by the wind falling.
+    'If,' he writes, 'it was a natural event, providence is out of the
+    question; at least we can with no more propriety say that providentially
+    the wind ceased, than that providentially the sun rose in the morning.
+    If it was not,' &amp;c. According to Malone the attacks made on Hawkesworth
+    in the newspapers for this passage 'affected him so much that from low
+    spirits he was seized with a nervous fever, which on account of the high
+    living he had indulged in had the more power on him; and he is supposed
+    to have put an end to his life by intentionally taking an immoderate
+    dose of opium.' Prior's <i>Malone</i>, p. 441. Mme. D'Arblay says that these
+    attacks shortened his life. <i>Memoirs of Dr. Burney</i>, i. 278. He died on
+    Nov. 17 of this year. See <i>ante</i>, i. 252, and ii. 247.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-769">[769]</a> 'After having been detained by storms many days at Sky we left it,
+    as we thought, with a fair wind; but a violent gust, which Bos had a
+    great mind to call a tempest, forced us into Col.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i.
+    167. 'The wind blew against us in a short time with such violence, that
+    we, being no seasoned sailors, were willing to call it a tempest... The
+    master knew not well whither to go; and our difficulties might, perhaps,
+    have filled a very pathetick page, had not Mr. Maclean of Col... piloted
+    us safe into his own harbour.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 117. Sir Walter
+    Scott says, 'Their risque, in a sea full of islands, was very
+    considerable. Indeed, the whole expedition was highly perilous,
+    considering the season of the year, the precarious chance of getting
+    sea-worthy boats, and the ignorance of the Hebrideans, who,
+    notwithstanding the opportunities, I may say the <i>necessities</i>, of their
+    situation, are very careless and unskilful sailors.' Croker's
+    <i>Boswell</i>, p. 362.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-770">[770]</a> For as the tempest drives, I shape my way. FRANCIS. [Horace,
+    <i>Epistles</i>, i. 1. 15.] BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-771">[771]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Imberbus juvenis, tandem custode remoto,
+      Gaudet equis canibusque, et aprici gramine campi.'
+     'The youth, whose will no froward tutor bounds,
+      Joys in the sunny field, his horse and hounds.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    FRANCIS. Horace, <i>Ars Poet</i>. 1. 161.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-772">[772]</a> <i>Henry VI</i>, act i. sc. 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-773">[773]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 468, and iii. 306.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-774">[774]</a> Johnson describes him as 'a gentleman who has lived some time in
+    the East Indies, but, having dethroned no nabob, is not too rich to
+    settle in his own country.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 117.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-775">[775]</a> This curious exhibition may perhaps remind some of my readers of
+    the ludicrous lines, made, during Sir Robert Walpole's administration,
+    on Mr. George (afterwards Lord) Lyttelton, though the figures of the two
+    personages must be allowed to be very different:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'But who is this astride the pony;
+      So long, so lean, so lank, so bony?
+      Dat be de great orator, Littletony.'
+			BOSWELL.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>
+    These lines were beneath a caricature called <i>The Motion</i>, described by
+    Horace Walpole in his letter of March 25, 1741, and said by Mr.
+    Cunningham to be 'the earliest good political caricature that we
+    possess.' Walpole's <i>Letters</i>, i. 66. Mr. Croker says that 'the exact
+    words are:&mdash; bony? O he be de great orator Little-Tony.'
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-776">[776]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 213.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-777">[777]</a> In 1673 Burnet, who was then Professor of Theology in Glasgow,
+    dedicated to Lauderdale <i>A Vindication of the Authority, &amp;c., of the
+    Church and State of Scotland</i>. In it he writes of the Duke's 'noble
+    character, and more lasting and inward characters of his princely mind.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-778">[778]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 450.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-779">[779]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 250.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-780">[780]</a> 'Others have considered infinite space as the receptacle, or
+    rather the habitation of the Almighty; but the noblest and most exalted
+    way of considering this infinite space, is that of Sir Isaac Newton, who
+    calls it the <i>sensorium</i> of the Godhead. Brutes and men have their
+    <i>sensoriola</i>, or little <i>sensoriums</i>, by which they apprehend the
+    presence, and perceive the actions, of a few objects that lie contiguous
+    to them. Their knowledge and observation turn within a very narrow
+    circle. But as God Almighty cannot but perceive and know everything in
+    which he resides, infinite space gives room to infinite knowledge, and
+    is, as it were, an organ to Omniscience.' Addison, <i>The Spectator</i>,
+    No. 565.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-781">[781]</a> 'Le célèbre philosophe Leibnitz ... attaqua ces expressions du
+    philosophe anglais, dans une lettre qu'il écrivit en 1715 à la feue
+    reine d'Angleterre, épouse de George II. Cette princesse, digne d'être
+    en commerce avec Leibnitz et Newton, engagea une dispute reglée par
+    lettres entre les deux parties. Mais Newton, ennemi de toute dispute et
+    avare de son temps, laissa le docteur Clarke, son disciple en physique,
+    et pour le moins son égal en métaphysique, entrer pour lui dans la lice.
+    La dispute roula sur presque toutes les idées métaphysiques de Newton,
+    et c'est peut-être le plus beau monument que nous ayons des combats
+    littéraires.' Voltaire's <i>Works</i>, ed. 1819, xxviii. 44.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-782">[782]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 248.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-783">[783]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 295, where Boswell asked Johnson 'if he would not
+    have done more good if he had been more gentle.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; I
+    have done more good as I am. Obscenity and impiety have always been
+    repressed in my company.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-784">[784]</a> 'Mr. Maclean has the reputation of great learning: he is
+    seventy-seven years old, but not infirm, with a look of venerable
+    dignity, excelling what I remember in any other man. His conversation
+    was not unsuitable to his appearance. I lost some of his good will by
+    treating a heretical writer with more regard than in his opinion a
+    heretick could deserve. I honoured his orthodoxy, and did not much
+    censure his asperity. A man who has settled his opinions does not love
+    to have the tranquillity of his conviction disturbed; and at
+    seventy-seven it is time to be in earnest.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 118.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-785">[785]</a> 'Mr. Maclean has no publick edifice for the exercise of his
+    ministry, and can officiate to no greater number than a room can
+    contain; and the room of a hut is not very large... The want of churches
+    is not the only impediment to piety; there is likewise a want of
+    ministers. A parish often contains more islands than one... All the
+    provision made by the present ecclesiastical constitution for the
+    inhabitants of about a hundred square miles is a prayer and sermon in a
+    little room once in three weeks.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 118.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-786">[786]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Our Polly is a sad slut, nor heeds
+        what we have taught her.
+      I wonder any man alive will
+        ever rear a daughter.
+      For she must have both hoods
+        and gowns, and hoops to
+        swell her pride,
+      With scarfs and stays, and
+        gloves and lace; and she
+        will have men beside;
+      And when she's drest with care
+        and cost, all-tempting, fine and gay,
+      As men should serve a cucumber,
+        she flings herself away.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Air vii.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-787">[787]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 162.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-788">[788]</a> In 1715.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-789">[789]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'When Ajax strives some rock's vast weight to throw,
+      The line too labours, and the words move slow.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Pope, <i>Essay on Criticism</i>, l. 370.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-790">[790]</a> Johnson's remark on these stones is curious as shewing that he had
+    not even a glimpse of the discoveries to be made by geology. After
+    saying that 'no account can be given' of the position of one of the
+    stones, he continues:&mdash;'There are so many important things of which
+    human knowledge can give no account, that it may be forgiven us if we
+    speculate no longer on two stones in Col.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 122. See <i>ante</i>,
+    ii. 468, for his censure of Brydone's 'anti-mosaical remark.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-791">[791]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Malo me Galatea petit, lasciva puella.'
+     'My Phillis me with pelted apples plies.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    DRYDEN. Virgil, <i>Eclogues</i>, iii. 64.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-792">[792]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'The helpless traveller, with wild surprise,
+      Sees the dry desert all around him rise,
+      And smother'd in the dusty whirlwind dies.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>Cato</i> act ii. sc. 6.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-793">[793]</a> Johnson seems unwilling to believe this. 'I am not of opinion that
+    by any surveys or land-marks its [the sand's] limits have been ever
+    fixed, or its progression ascertained. If one man has confidence enough
+    to say that it advances, nobody can bring any proof to support him in
+    denying it.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 122. He had seen land in like manner laid
+    waste north of Aberdeen; where 'the owner, when he was required to pay
+    the usual tax, desired rather to resign the ground.' <i>Ib</i>. p. 15.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-794">[794]</a> <i>Box</i>, in this sense, is not in Johnson's <i>Dictionary</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-795">[795]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 100, and iv. 274.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-796">[796]</a> In the original, <i>Rich windows. A Long Story</i>, l. 7.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-797">[797]</a> 'And this according to the philosophers is happiness.' Boswell
+    says of Crabbe's poem <i>The Village</i>, that 'its sentiments as to the
+    false notions of rustick happiness and rustick virtue were quite
+    congenial with Johnson's own.' <i>Ante</i>, iv. 175.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-798">[798]</a> 'This innovation was considered by Mr. Macsweyn as the idle
+    project of a young head, heated with English fancies; but he has now
+    found that turnips will really grow, and that hungry sheep and cows will
+    really eat them.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 121. 'The young laird is heir,
+    perhaps, to 300 square miles of land, which, at ten shillings an acre,
+    would bring him £96,000 a year. He is desirous of improving the
+    agriculture of his country; and, in imitation of the Czar, travelled for
+    improvement, and worked with his own hands upon a farm in
+    Hertfordshire.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 168.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-799">[799]</a> 'In more fruitful countries the removal of one only makes room for
+    the succession of another; but in the Hebrides the loss of an inhabitant
+    leaves a lasting vacuity; for nobody born in any other parts of the
+    world will choose this country for his residence.' Johnson's
+    <i>Works</i>, ix. 93.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-800">[800]</a> 'In 1628 Daillé wrote his celebrated book, <i>De l'usage des Pères</i>,
+    or <i>Of the Use of the Fathers</i>. Dr. Fleetwood, Bishop of Ely, said of it
+    that he thought the author had pretty sufficiently proved they were of
+    <i>no use</i> at all.' Chalmers's <i>Biog. Dict</i>. xi. 209.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-801">[801]</a> <i>Enquiry after Happiness</i>, by Richard Lucas, D.D., 1685.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-802">[802]</a> <i>Divine Dialogues</i>, by Henry More, D.D. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 162, note I.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-803">[803]</a> By David Gregory, the second of the sixteen professors which the
+    family of Gregory gave to the Universities. <i>Ante</i>, p. 48.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-804">[804]</a> 'Johnson's landlord and next neighbour in Bolt-court.' <i>Ante</i>,
+    iii. 141.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-805">[805]</a> 'Cuper's Gardens, near the south bank of the Thames, opposite to
+    Somerset House. The gardens were illuminated, and the company
+    entertained by a band of music and fireworks; but this, with other
+    places of the same kind, has been lately discontinued by an act that has
+    reduced the number of these seats of luxury and dissipation.' Dodsley's
+    <i>London and its Environs</i>, ed. 1761, ii. 209. The Act was the 25th
+    George II, for 'preventing robberies and regulating places of public
+    entertainment.' <i>Parl. Hist</i>. xiv. 1234.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-806">[806]</a> 'Mr. Johnson,' according to Mr. Langton, 'used to laugh at a
+    passage in Carte's <i>Life of the Duke of Ormond,</i> where he gravely
+    observes "that he was always in full dress when he went to court; too
+    many being in the practice of going thither with double lapells."'
+    <i>Boswelliana</i>, p. 274. The following is the passage:&mdash;'No severity of
+    weather or condition of health served him for a reason of not observing
+    that decorum of dress which he thought a point of respect to persons and
+    places. In winter time people were allowed to come to court with
+    double-breasted coats, a sort of undress. The duke would never take
+    advantage of that indulgence; but let it be never so cold, he always
+    came in his proper habit, and indeed the king himself always did the
+    same, though too many neglected his example to make use of the liberty
+    he was pleased to allow.' Carte's <i>Life of Ormond</i>, iv. 693. See <i>ante</i>,
+    i. 42. It was originally published in <i>three</i> volumes folio in 1735-6.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-807">[807]</a> Seneca's two epigrams on Corsica are quoted in Boswell's
+    <i>Corsica</i>, first edition, p. 13. Boswell, in one of his <i>Hypochondriacks
+    (London Mag.</i> 1778, p. 173), says:&mdash;'For Seneca I have a double
+    reverence, both for his own worth, and because he was the heathen sage
+    whom my grandfather constantly studied.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-808">[808]</a> 'Very near the house of Maclean stands the castle of Col, which
+    was the mansion of the Laird till the house was built.... On the wall
+    was, not long ago, a stone with an inscription, importing, that if any
+    man of the clan of Maclonich shall appear before this castle, though he
+    come at midnight, with a man's head in his hand, he shall there find
+    safety and protection against all but the king. This is an old Highland
+    treaty made upon a very memorable occasion. Maclean, the son of John
+    Gerves, who recovered Col, and conquered Barra, had obtained, it is
+    said, from James the Second, a grant of the lands of Lochiel, forfeited,
+    I suppose, by some offence against the state. Forfeited estates were not
+    in those days quietly resigned; Maclean, therefore, went with an armed
+    force to seize his new possessions, and, I know not for what reason,
+    took his wife with him. The Camerons rose in defence of their chief, and
+    a battle was fought at Loch Ness, near the place where Fort Augustus now
+    stands, in which Lochiel obtained the victory, and Maclean, with his
+    followers, was defeated and destroyed. The lady fell into the hands of
+    the conquerors, and, being found pregnant, was placed in the custody of
+    Maclonich, one of a tribe or family branched from Cameron, with orders,
+    if she brought a boy, to destroy him, if a girl, to spare her.
+    Maclonich's wife, who was with child likewise, had a girl about the same
+    time at which Lady Maclean brought a boy; and Maclonich, with more
+    generosity to his captive than fidelity to his trust, contrived that the
+    children should be changed. Maclean, being thus preserved from death, in
+    time recovered his original patrimony; and, in gratitude to his friend,
+    made his castle a place of refuge to any of the clan that should think
+    himself in danger; and, as a proof of reciprocal confidence, Maclean
+    took upon himself and his posterity the care of educating the heir of
+    Maclonich.' Johnson's <i>Works,</i> ix. 130.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-809">[809]</a> 'Mr. Croker tells us that the great Marquis of Montrose was
+    beheaded at Edinburgh in 1650. There is not a forward boy at any school
+    in England who does not know that the Marquis was hanged.' Macaulay's
+    <i>Essays</i>, ed. 1843, i. 357
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-810">[810]</a> It is observable that men of the first rank spelt very ill in the
+    last century. In the first of these letters I have preserved the
+    original spelling. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-811">[811]</a> See <i>ante,</i> i., 127.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-812">[812]</a> Muir-fowl is grouse. <i>Ante</i> p. 44.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-813">[813]</a> See ante, p. 162, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-814">[814]</a> 'In Col only two houses pay the window tax; for only two have six
+    windows, which, I suppose, are the laird's and Mr. Macsweyn's.'
+    Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 125. 'The window tax, as it stands at present
+    (January 1775)...lays a duty upon every window, which in England
+    augments gradually from twopence, the lowest rate upon houses with not
+    more than seven windows, to two shillings, the highest rate upon houses
+    with twenty-five windows and upwards.' <i>Wealth of Nations,</i> v. 2. 2 .1.
+    The tax was first imposed in 1695, as a substitute for hearth money.
+    Macaulay's <i>England,</i> ed. 1874, vii. 271. It was abolished in 1851.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-815">[815]</a> Thomas Carlyle was not fourteen when, one 'dark frosty November
+    morning,' he set off on foot for the University at Edinburgh&mdash;a distance
+    of nearly one hundred miles. Froude's <i>Carlyle</i>, i. 22.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-816">[816]</a> <i>Ante</i>, p. 290.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-817">[817]</a> <i>Of the Nature and Use of Lots: a Treatise historicall and
+    theologicall.</i> By Thomas Gataker. London, 1619. <i>The Spirituall Watch,
+    or Christ's Generall Watch-word.</i> By Thomas Gataker. London, 1619.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-818">[818]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 264.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-819">[819]</a> He visited it with the Thrales on Sept. 22, 1774, when returning
+    from his tour to Wales, and with Boswell in 1776 (<i>ante</i>, ii. 451).
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-820">[820]</a> Mr. Croker says that 'this, no doubt, alludes to Jacob Bryant, the
+    secretary or librarian at Blenheim, with whom Johnson had had perhaps
+    some coolness now forgotten.' The supposition of the coolness seems
+    needless. With so little to go upon, guessing is very hazardous.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-821">[821]</a> Topham Beauclerk, who had married the Duke's sister, after she had
+    been divorced for adultery with him from her first husband Viscount
+    Bolingbroke. <i>Ante</i>, ii. 246, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-822">[822]</a> See <i>post</i>, Dempster's Letter of Feb. 16, 1775.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-823">[823]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 340, where Johnson said that 'if he were a
+    gentleman of landed property, he would turn out all his tenants who did
+    not vote for the candidate whom he supported.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-824">[824]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 378.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-825">[825]</a> 'They have opinions which cannot be ranked with superstition,
+    because they regard only natural effects. They expect better crops of
+    grain by sowing their seed in the moon's increase. The moon has great
+    influence in vulgar philosophy. In my memory it was a precept annually
+    given in one of the English almanacks, "to kill hogs when the moon was
+    increasing, and the bacon would prove the better in boiling."' Johnson's
+    <i>Works,</i> ix. 104. Bacon, in his <i>Natural History</i>(No.892) says:&mdash;'For
+    the increase of moisture, the opinion received is, that seeds will grow
+    soonest if they be set in the increase of the moon.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-826">[826]</a> The question which Johnson asked with such unusual warmth might
+    have been answered, 'by sowing the bent, or couch grass.' WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-827">[827]</a> See <i>ante,</i> i. 484.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-828">[828]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 483.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-829">[829]</a> It is remarkable, that Dr. Johnson should have read this account
+    of some of his own peculiar habits, without saying any thing on the
+    subject, which I hoped he would have done. BOSWELL. See <i>ante</i>, p. 128,
+    note 2, and iv. 183, where Boswell 'observed he must have been a bold
+    laugher who would have ventured to tell Dr. Johnson of any of his
+    peculiarities.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-830">[830]</a> In this he was very unlike Swift, who, in his youth, when
+    travelling in England, 'generally chose to dine with waggoners,
+    hostlers, and persons of that rank; and he used to lie at night in
+    houses where he found written of the door <i>Lodgings for a penny</i>. He
+    delighted in scenes of low life.' Lord Orrery's <i>Swift</i>, ed. 1752,
+    p. 33.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-831">[831]</a> This is from the <i>Jests of Hierocles.</i> CROKER.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-832">[832]</a> 'The grave a gay companion shun.' FRANCIS. Horace, 1 <i>Epis.</i>
+    xviii. 89.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-833">[833]</a> Boswell in 1776 found that 'oats were much used as food in Dr.
+    Johnson's own town.' <i>Ante</i>, ii. 463.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-834">[834]</a> <i>Ante</i>, i. 294.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-835">[835]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 258.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-836">[836]</a> 'The richness of the round steep green knolls, clothed with copse,
+    and glancing with cascades, and a pleasant peep at a small fresh-water
+    loch embosomed among them&mdash;the view of the bay, surrounded and guarded
+    by the island of Colvay&mdash;the gliding of two or three vessels in the more
+    distant Sound&mdash;and the row of the gigantic Ardnamurchan mountains
+    closing the scene to the north, almost justify the eulogium of
+    Sacheverell, [<i>post,</i> p. 336] who, in 1688, declared the bay of
+    Tobermory might equal any prospect in Italy.' Lockhart's <i>Scott,</i>
+    iv. 338.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-837">[837]</a> 'The saying of the old philosopher who observes, that he who wants
+    least is most like the gods who want nothing, was a favourite sentence
+    with Dr. Johnson, who, on his own part, required less attendance, sick
+    or well, than ever I saw any human creature. Conversation was all he
+    required to make him happy.' Piozzi's <i>Anec.</i> p. 275.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-838">[838]</a> <i>Remarks on Several Parts of Italy</i> (<i>ante</i>, ii. 346). Johnson
+    (<i>Works</i>, vii. 424) says of these <i>Travels</i>:&mdash;'Of many parts it is not a
+    very severe censure to say that they might have been written at home.'
+    He adds that 'the book, though awhile neglected, became in time so much
+    the favourite of the publick, that before it was reprinted it rose to
+    five times its price.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-839">[839]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 254, and iv. 237.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-840">[840]</a> Johnson (<i>Works</i>, viii. 320) says of Pope that 'he had before him
+    not only what his own meditation suggested, but what he had found in
+    other writers that might be <i>accomodated</i> to his present purpose.'
+    Boswell's use of the word is perhaps derived, as Mr. Croker suggests,
+    from <i>accommoder</i>, in the sense of <i>dressing up or cooking meats</i>. This
+    word occurs in an amusing story that Boswell tells in one of his
+    Hypochondriacks (<i>London Mag</i>. 1779, p. 55):&mdash;'A friend of mine told me
+    that he engaged a French cook for Sir B. Keen, when ambassador in Spain,
+    and when he asked the fellow if he had ever dressed any magnificent
+    dinners the answer was:&mdash;"Monsieur, j'ai accommodé un dîner qui faisait
+    trembler toute la France."' Scott, in <i>Guy Mannering</i> (ed. 1860, iii.
+    138), describes 'Miss Bertram's solicitude to soothe and <i>accommodate</i>
+    her parent.' See <i>ante</i>, iv. 39, note 1, for '<i>accommodated</i> the
+    ladies.' To sum up, we may say with Justice Shallow:&mdash;'Accommodated! it
+    comes of <i>accommodo</i>; very good; a good phrase.' 2 <i>Henry IV</i>, act
+    iii. sc. 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-841">[841]</a> 'Louis Moréri, né en Provence, en 1643. On ne s'attendait pas que
+    l'auteur du <i>Pays d'amour</i>, et le traducteur de <i>Rodriguez</i>, entreprît
+    dans sa jeunesse le premier dictionnaire de faits qu'on eût encore vu.
+    Ce grand travail lui coûta la vie... Mort en 1680.' Voltaire's <i>Works</i>,
+    ed. 1819, xvii. 133.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-842">[842]</a> Johnson looked upon <i>Ana</i> as an English word, for he gives it in
+    his <i>Dictionary</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-843">[843]</a> I take leave to enter my strongest protest against this judgement.
+    <i>Bossuet</i> I hold to be one of the first luminaries of religion and
+    literature. If there are who do not read him, it is full time they
+    should begin. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-844">[844]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Just in the gate, and in the jaws of hell,
+     Revengeful cares, and sullen sorrows dwell;
+     And pale diseases, and repining age;
+     Want, fear, and famine's unresisted rage;
+     Here toils and death, and death's half-brother, sleep,
+     Forms  terrible to view their sentry keep.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Dryden, <i>Aeneid</i>, vi. 273. BOSWELL. Voltaire, in his Essay <i>Sur les
+    inconvéniens attachés à la Littérature</i> (<i>Works</i>, xliii. 173),
+    says:&mdash;'Enfin, après un an de refus et de négociations, votre ouvrage
+    s'imprime; c'est alors qu'il faut ou assoupir les <i>Cerbères</i> de la
+    littérature ou les faire aboyer en votre faveur.' He therefore carries
+    on the resemblance one step further,&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Cerberus haec ingens latratu regna trifauci Personat.' <i>Aeneid</i>, vi. 417.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-845">[845]</a> It was in 1763 that Boswell made Johnson's acquaintance. <i>Ante</i>,
+    i. 391.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-846">[846]</a> It is no small satisfaction to me to reflect, that Dr. Johnson
+    read this, and, after being apprized of my intention, communicated to
+    me, at subsequent periods, many particulars of his life, which probably
+    could not otherwise have been preserved. BOSWELL. See <i>ante</i>, i. 26.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-847">[847]</a> Though Mull is, as Johnson says, the third island of the Hebrides
+    in extent, there was no post there. <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 170.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-848">[848]</a> This observation is very just. The time for the Hebrides was too
+    late by a month or six weeks. I have heard those who remembered their
+    tour express surprise they were not drowned. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-849">[849]</a> <i> The Charmer, a Collection of Songs Scotch and English.</i>
+    Edinburgh, 1749.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-850">[850]</a> By Thomas Willis, M.D. It was published in 1672. 'In this work he
+    maintains that the soul of brutes is like the vital principle in man,
+    that it is corporeal in its nature and perishes with the body. Although
+    the book was dedicated to the Archbishop of Canterbury, his orthodoxy, a
+    matter that Willis regarded much, was called in question.' Knight's
+    <i>Eng. Cyclo</i>. vi. 741. Burnet speaks of him as 'Willis, the great
+    physician.' <i>History of his Own Time</i>, ed. 1818, i. 254. See <i>Wood's
+    Athenae</i>, iii. 1048.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-851">[851]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 409 and iii. 242, where he said:&mdash;'Had I learnt to
+    fiddle, I should have done nothing else.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-852">[852]</a> <i>Ante</i>, p. 277.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-853">[853]</a> <i>Ante</i>, p. 181.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-854">[854]</a> Mr. Langton thinks this must have been the hasty expression of a
+    splenetick moment, as he has heard Dr. Johnson speak of Mr. Spence's
+    judgment in criticism with so high a degree of respect, as to shew that
+    this was not his settled opinion of him. Let me add that, in the preface
+    to the <i>Preceptor</i>, he recommends Spence's <i>Essay on Papers Odyssey</i>,
+    and that his admirable <i>Lives of the English Poets</i> are much enriched by
+    Spence's Anecdotes of Pope. BOSWELL. For the <i>Preceptor</i> see <i>ante</i>, i.
+    192, and Johnson's <i>Works</i>, v. 240. Johnson, in his <i>Life of Pope (ib</i>.
+    viii. 274), speaks of Spence as 'a man whose learning was not very
+    great, and whose mind was not very powerful. His criticism, however, was
+    commonly just; what he thought he thought rightly; and his remarks were
+    recommended by his coolness and candour.' See <i>ante</i>, iv. 9, 63.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-855">[855]</a> 'She was the only interpreter of Erse poetry that I could ever
+    find.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 134. See <i>ante</i>, p. 241.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-856">[856]</a> 'After a journey difficult and tedious, over rocks naked and
+    valleys untracked, through a country of barrenness and solitude, we
+    came, almost in the dark, to the sea-side, weary and dejected, having
+    met with nothing but waters falling from the mountains that could raise
+    any image of delight.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 170. 'It is natural, in
+    traversing this gloom of desolation, to inquire, whether something may
+    not be done to give nature a more cheerful face.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>,
+    ix. 136.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-857">[857]</a> <i>Ante</i>, p. 19.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-858">[858]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 521.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-859">[859]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 212.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-860">[860]</a> Sir William Blackstone says, in his <i>Commentaries</i>, that 'he
+    cannot find that ever this custom prevailed in England;' and therefore
+    he is of opinion that it could not have given rise to <i>Borough-English</i>.
+    BOSWELL. 'I cannot learn that ever this custom prevailed in England,
+    though it certainly did in Scotland (under the name of <i>mercketa</i> or
+    <i>marcheta</i>), till abolished by Malcolm III.' <i>Commentaries</i>, ed. 1778,
+    ii. 83. Sir H. Maine, in his <i>Early History of Institutions</i>, p. 222,
+    writes:&mdash;'Other authors, as Blackstone tells us, explained it ["Borough
+    English"] by a supposed right of the Seigneur or lord, now very
+    generally regarded as apocryphal, which raised a presumption of the
+    eldest son's illegitimacy.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-861">[861]</a> 'Macquarry was used to demand a sheep, for which he now takes a
+    crown, by that inattention to the uncertain proportion between the value
+    and the denomination of money, which has brought much disorder into
+    Europe. A sheep has always the same power of supplying human wants, but
+    a crown will bring, at one time more, at another less'. Johnson's
+    <i>Works</i>, ix. 139.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-862">[862]</a> 'The house and the furniture are not always nicely suited. We were
+    driven once, by missing a passage, to the hut of a gentleman, where,
+    after a very liberal supper, when I was conducted to my chamber, I found
+    an elegant bed of Indian cotton, spread with fine sheets. The
+    accommodation was flattering; I undressed myself, and felt my feet in
+    the mire. The bed stood upon the bare earth, which a long course of rain
+    had softened to a puddle.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 98.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-863">[863]</a> Inchkenneth is a most beautiful little islet, of the most verdant
+    green, while all the neighbouring shore of Greban, as well as the large
+    islands of Colinsay and Ulva, are as black as heath and moss can make
+    them. But Ulva has a good anchorage, and Inchkenneth is surrounded by
+    shoals. It is now uninhabited. The ruins of the huts, in which Dr.
+    Johnson was received by Sir Allan M'Lean, were still to be seen, and
+    some tatters of the paper hangings were to be seen on the walls. Sir G.
+    O. Paul was at Inchkenneth with the same party of which I was a member.
+    [See Lockhart's <i>Scott</i>, ed. 1839, iii. 285.] He seemed to suspect many
+    of the Highland tales which he heard, but he showed most incredulity on
+    the subject of Johnson's having been entertained in the wretched huts of
+    which we saw the ruins. He took me aside, and conjured me to tell him
+    the truth of the matter. 'This Sir Allan,' said he, 'was he a <i>regular
+    baronet</i>, or was his title such a traditional one as you find in
+    Ireland?' I assured my excellent acquaintance that, 'for my own part, I
+    would have paid more respect to a knight of Kerry, or knight of Glynn;
+    yet Sir Allan M'Lean was a <i>regular baronet</i> by patent;' and, having
+    giving him this information, I took the liberty of asking him, in
+    return, whether he would not in conscience prefer the worst cell in the
+    jail at Gloucester (which he had been very active in overlooking while
+    the building was going on) to those exposed hovels where Johnson had
+    been entertained by rank and beauty. He looked round the little islet,
+    and allowed Sir Allan had some advantage in exercising ground; but in
+    other respects he thought the compulsory tenants of Gloucester had
+    greatly the advantage. Such was his opinion of a place, concerning which
+    Johnson has recorded that 'it wanted little which palaces could afford.' WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-864">[864]</a> 'Sir Allan's affairs are in disorder by the fault of his
+    ancestors, and while he forms some scheme for retrieving them he has
+    retreated hither.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i> i. 172.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-865">[865]</a> By Francis Gastrell, Bishop of Chester, published in 1707.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-866">[866]</a> <i>Travels through different cities of Germany, &amp;c.,</i>, by Alexander
+    Drummond. Horace Walpole, on April 24, 1754 (<i>Letters</i>, ii. 381),
+    mentions 'a very foolish vulgar book of travels, lately published by one
+    Drummond, consul at Aleppo.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-867">[867]</a> <i> Physico-Theology; or a Demonstration of the Being and Attributes
+    of God from his Works of Creation.</i> By William Derham, D.D., 1713.
+    Voltaire, in <i>Micromégas,</i> ch. I, speaking of 'l'illustre vicaire
+    Derham' says:&mdash;'Malheureusement, lui et ses imitateurs se trompent
+    souvent dans l'exposition de ces merveilles; ils s'extasient sur la
+    sagesse qui se montre dans l'ordre d'un phénomène et on découvre que ce
+    phénomène est tout différent de ce qu'ils ont supposé; alors c'est ce
+    nouvel ordre qui leur paraît un chef d'oeuvre de sagesse.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-868">[868]</a> This work was published in 1774. Johnson said on March 20, 1776
+    (<i>ante</i>, ii. 447), 'that he believed Campbell's disappointment on
+    account of the bad success of that work had killed him.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-869">[869]</a> Johnson said of Campbell:&mdash;'I am afraid he has not been in the
+    inside of a church for many years; but he never passes a church without
+    pulling off his hat. This shows that he has good principles.' <i>Ante</i>,
+    i. 418.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-870">[870]</a> <i>New horse-shoeing Husbandry</i>, by Jethro Tull, 1733.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-871">[871]</a> 'He owned he sometimes talked for victory.' <i>Ante</i>, iv. 111, and
+    v. 17.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-872">[872]</a> 'They said that a great family had a <i>bard</i> and a <i>senachi</i>, who
+    were the poet and historian of the house; and an old gentleman told me
+    that he remembered one of each. Here was a dawn of intelligence....
+    Another conversation informed me that the same man was both bard and
+    senachi. This variation discouraged me.... Soon after I was told by a
+    gentleman, who is generally acknowledged the greatest master of
+    Hebridian antiquities, that there had, indeed, once been both bards and
+    senachies; and that <i>senachi</i> signified <i>the man of talk</i>, or of
+    conversation; but that neither bard nor senachi had existed for some
+    centuries.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 109.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-873">[873]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 41, 327
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-874">[874]</a> 'Towards evening Sir Allan told us that Sunday never passed over
+    him like another day. One of the ladies read, and read very well, the
+    evening service;&mdash;"and Paradise was opened in the wild."' <i>Piozzi
+    Letters</i>, i. 173. The quotation is from Pope's <i>Eloisa to Abelard</i>,
+    l. 134:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'You raised these hallowed walls; the desert smil'd,
+      And Paradise was open'd in the wild.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-875">[875]</a> He sent these verses to Boswell in 1775. <i>Ante</i> ii. 293.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-876">[876]</a> Boswell wrote to Johnson on Feb. 2, 1775, (<i>ante</i>, ii. 295):&mdash;'Lord
+    Hailes bids me tell you he doubts whether&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     "Legitimas faciunt pectora pura preces,"
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    be according to the rubrick, but that is your concern; for you know, he
+    is a Presbyterian.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-877">[877]</a> In Johnson's <i>Works</i>, i. 167, these lines are given with
+    amendments and additions, mostly made by Johnson, but some, Mr. Croker
+    believes, by Mr. Langton. In the following copy the variations are
+    marked in italics.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+         INSULA KENNETHI, INTER HEBRIDAS.
+     Parva quidem regio sed religione priorum
+       <i>Clara</i> Caledonias panditur inter aquas.
+     Voce ubi Cennethus populos domuisse feroces
+        Dicitur, et vanos dedocuisse deos.
+     Huc ego delatus placido per caerula cursu,
+       Scire <i>locus</i> volui quid daret <i>iste</i> novi.
+     Illic Leniades humili regnabat in aula,
+       Leniades, magnis nobilitatus avis.
+     Una duas <i>cepit</i> casa cum genitore puellas,
+       Quas Amor undarum <i>crederet</i> esse deas.
+     <i>Nec</i> tamen inculti gelidis latuere sub antris,
+       Accola Danubii qualia saevus habet.
+     Mollia non <i>desunt</i> vacuae solatia vitae
+       Sive libros poscant otia, sive lyram.
+     <i>Fulserat</i> illa dies, legis <i>qua</i> docta supernae
+       Spes hominum <i>et</i> curas <i>gens</i> procul esse jubet.
+     <i>Ut precibus justas avertat numinis iras,
+       Et summi accendat pectus amore boni.</i>
+     Ponti inter strepitus <i>non sacri</i> munera cultus
+       Cessarunt, pietas hic quoque cura fuit.
+     <i>Nil opus est oeris sacra de turre sonantis
+       Admonitu, ipsa suas nunciat hora vices.</i>
+     Quid, quod sacrifici versavit foemina libros?
+       <i>Sint pro legitimis pura labella sacris.</i>
+     Quo vagor ulterius? quod ubique requiritur hic est,
+       Hic secura quies, hic et honestus amor.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Mr. Croker says of the third line from the end, that in a copy of these
+    verses in Johnson's own hand which he had seen, 'Johnson had
+    first written
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     <i>Sunt pro legitimis pectora pura sacris.</i>
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    He then wrote
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     <i>Legitimas faciunt pura labella preces.</i>
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    That line was erased, and the line as it stands in the <i>Works</i> is
+    substituted in Mr. Langton's hand, as is also an alteration in the 16th
+    line, <i>velit</i> into <i>jubet</i>.' <i>Jubet</i> however is in the copy as printed
+    by Boswell. Mr. Langton edited some, if not all, of Johnson's Latin
+    poems. (<i>Ante</i>, iv. 384.)
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-878">[878]</a> 'Boswell, who is very pious, went into the chapel at night to
+    perform his devotions, but came back in haste for fear of spectres.'
+    <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 173.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-879">[879]</a> <i>Ante</i> p. 169.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-880">[880]</a> John Gerves, or John the Giant, of whom Dr. Johnson relates a
+    curious story; <i>Works</i> ix. 119.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-881">[881]</a> Lord Chatham in the House of Lords, on Nov. 22, 1770, speaking of
+    'the honest, industrious tradesman, who holds the middle rank, and has
+    given repeated proofs that he prefers law and liberty to gold,' had
+    said:&mdash;'I love that class of men. Much less would I be thought to
+    reflect upon the fair merchant, whose liberal commerce is the prime
+    source of national wealth. I esteem his occupation, and respect his
+    character.' <i>Parl. Hist.</i> xvi. 1107.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-882">[882]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 382.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-883">[883]</a> He was born in Nordland in Sweden, in 1736. In 1768 he and Mr.
+    Banks accompanied Captain Cook in his first voyage round the world. He
+    died in 1782. Knight's <i>Eng. Cyclo.</i> v. 578. Miss Burney wrote of him in
+    1780:&mdash;'My father has very exactly named him, in calling him a
+    philosophical gossip.' Mme. D'Arblay's <i>Diary</i>, i. 305. Horace Walpole
+    the same year, just after the Gordon Riots, wrote (<i>Letters</i>, vii.
+    403):&mdash;'Who is secure against Jack Straw and a whirlwind? How I
+    abominate Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander, who routed the poor Otaheitans out
+    of the centre of the ocean, and carried our abominable passions amongst
+    them! not even that poor little speck could escape European
+    restlessness.' See <i>ante</i> ii. 148.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-884">[884]</a> Boswell tells this story again, <i>ante</i>, ii. 299. Mrs. Piozzi's
+    account (<i>Anec</i>. p. 114) is evidently so inaccurate that it does not
+    deserve attention; she herself admits that Beauclerk was truthful. In a
+    marginal note on Wraxall's <i>Memoirs</i>, she says:&mdash;'Topham Beauclerk
+    (wicked and profligate as he wished to be accounted), was yet a man of
+    very strict veracity. Oh Lord! how I did hate that horrid Beauclerk!'
+    Hayward's <i>Piozzi</i>, i. 348. Johnson testified to 'the correctness of
+    Beauclerk's memory and the fidelity of his narrative.' <i>Ante</i>, ii. 405.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-885">[885]</a> 'Mr. Maclean of Col, having a very numerous family, has for some
+    time past resided at Aberdeen, that he may superintend their education,
+    and leaves the young gentleman, our friend, to govern his dominions with
+    the full power of a Highland chief.' <i>Johnson's Works</i>, ix. 117.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-886">[886]</a> This is not spoken of hare-coursing, where the game is taken or
+    lost before the dog gets out of wind; but in chasing deer with the great
+    Highland greyhound, Col's exploit is feasible enough. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-887">[887]</a> See <i>ante</i>, pp. 45, III, for Monboddo's notion.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-888">[888]</a> Mme. Riccoboni in 1767 wrote to Garrick of the French:&mdash;'Un
+    mensonge grossier les révolte. Si on voulait leur persuader que les
+    Anglais vivent de grenouilles, meurent de faim, que leurs femmes sont
+    barbouillées, et jurent par toutes les lettres de l'alphabet, ils
+    leveraient les épaules, et s'écriraient, <i>quel sot ose écrire ces
+    misères-là?</i> mais à Londres, diantre cela prend!' <i>Garrick Corres</i>.
+    ii. 524.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-889">[889]</a> Just opposite to M'Quarrie's house the boat was swamped by the
+    intoxication of the sailors, who had partaken too largely of M'Quarrie's
+    wonted hospitality. WALTER SCOTT. Johnson wrote from Lichfield on June
+    13, 1775;&mdash;'There is great lamentation here for the death of Col. Lucy
+    [Miss Porter] is of opinion that he was wonderfully handsome.' <i>Piozzi
+    Letters</i>, i. 235. See ante, ii. 287.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-890">[890]</a> Iona.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-891">[891]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 237.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-892">[892]</a> See <i>ante</i>, 111. 229.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-893">[893]</a> Sir James Mackintosh says (<i>Life</i>, ii. 257):&mdash;'Dr. Johnson visited
+    Iona without looking at Staffa, which lay in sight, with that
+    indifference to natural objects, either of taste or scientific
+    curiosity, which characterised him.' This is a fair enough sample of
+    much of the criticism under which Johnson's reputation has suffered.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-894">[894]</a> Smollett in <i>Humphry Clinker</i> (Letter of Sept. 3) describes a
+    Highland funeral. 'Our entertainer seemed to think it a disparagement to
+    his family that not above a hundred gallons of whisky had been drunk
+    upon such a solemn occasion.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-895">[895]</a> 'We then entered the boat again; the night came upon us; the wind
+    rose; the sea swelled; and Boswell desired to be set on dry ground: we,
+    however, pursued our navigation, and passed by several little islands in
+    the silent solemnity of faint moon-shine, seeing little, and hearing
+    only the wind and water.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 176.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-896">[896]</a> Cicero <i>De Finibus</i>, ii. 32.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-897">[897]</a> I have lately observed that this thought has been elegantly
+    expressed by Cowley:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Things which offend when present, and affright,
+      In  memory, well painted, move delight.'
+			BOSWELL.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>
+    The lines are found in the <i>Ode upon His Majesty's Restoration and
+    Return</i>, stanza 12. They may have been suggested by Virgil's lines&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Revocate animos, maestumque timorem
+      Mittite; forsan et haec olim meminisse juvabit.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Aeneid, i. 202.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-898">[898]</a> Had our Tour produced nothing else but this sublime passage, the
+    world must have acknowledged that it was not made in vain. The present
+    respectable President of the Royal Society was so much struck on reading
+    it, that he clasped his hands together, and remained for some time in an
+    attitude of silent admiration, BOSWELL. Boswell again quotes this
+    passage (which is found in Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 145), <i>ante</i>, iii.
+    173. The President was Sir Joseph Banks, Johnson says in <i>Rasselas</i>, ch.
+    xi:&mdash;'That the supreme being may be more easily propitiated in one place
+    than in another is the dream of idle superstition; but that some places
+    may operate upon our own minds in an uncommon manner is an opinion which
+    hourly experience will justify. He who supposes that his vices may be
+    more successfully combated in Palestine will, perhaps, find himself
+    mistaken, yet he may go thither without folly; he who thinks they will
+    be more freely pardoned dishonours at once his reason and religion.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-899">[899]</a> 'Sir Allan went to the headman of the island, whom fame, but fame
+    delights in amplifying, represents as worth no less than fifty pounds.
+    He was, perhaps, proud enough of his guests, but ill prepared for our
+    entertainment; however he soon produced more provision than men not
+    luxurious require.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 146.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-900">[900]</a> <i>An Account of the Isle of Man. With a voyage to I-Columb-Kill</i>.
+    By W. Sacheverell, Esq., late Governour of Man. 1702.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-901">[901]</a> 'He that surveys it [the church-yard] attended by an insular
+    antiquary may be told where the kings of many nations are buried, and if
+    he loves to soothe his imagination with the thoughts that naturally rise
+    in places where the great and the powerful lie mingled with the dust,
+    let him listen in submissive silence; for if he asks any questions his
+    delight is at an end.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 148.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-902">[902]</a> On quitting the island Johnson wrote: 'We now left those
+    illustrious ruins, by which Mr. Boswell was much affected, nor would I
+    willingly be thought to have looked upon them without some emotion.'
+    <i>Ib</i>. p. 150.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-903">[903]</a> Psalm xc. 4.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-904">[904]</a> Boswell wrote on Nov. 9, 1767:&mdash;'I am always for fixing some
+    period for my perfection as far as possible. Let it be when my account
+    of Corsica is published; I shall then have a character which I must
+    support.' <i>Letters of Boswell</i>, p. 122. Five weeks later he wrote:&mdash;'I
+    have been as wild as ever;' and then comes a passage which the Editor
+    has thought it needful to suppress. <i>Ib</i>.p.128.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-905">[905]</a> Boswell here speaks as an Englishman. He should have written '<i>a</i>
+    M'Ginnis.' See <i>ante</i>, p. 135, note 3.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-906">[906]</a> 'The fruitfulness of Iona is now its whole prosperity. The
+    inhabitants are remarkably gross, and remarkably neglected; I know not
+    if they are visited by any minister. The island, which was once the
+    metropolis of learning and piety, has now no school for education, nor
+    temple for worship, only two inhabitants that can speak English, and not
+    one that can write or read.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 149. Scott, who
+    visited it in 1810, writes:&mdash;'There are many monuments of singular
+    curiosity, forming a strange contrast to the squalid and dejected
+    poverty of the present inhabitants.' Lockhart's <i>Scott</i>, ed. 1839, iii.
+    285. In 1814, on a second visit, he writes:&mdash;'Iona, the last time I saw
+    it, seemed to me to contain the most wretched people I had anywhere
+    seen. But either they have got better since I was here, or my eyes,
+    familiarized with the wretchedness of Zetland and the Harris, are less
+    shocked with that of Iona.' He found a schoolmaster there. <i>Ib</i>.
+    iv. 324.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-907">[907]</a> Johnson's Jacobite friend, Dr. King (<i>ante</i>, i. 279), says of
+    Pulteney, on his being made Earl of Bath:&mdash;'He deserted the cause of
+    his country; he betrayed his friends and adherents; he ruined his
+    character, and from a most glorious eminence sunk down to a degree of
+    contempt. The first time Sir Robert (who was now Earl of Orford) met him
+    in the House of Lords, he threw out this reproach:&mdash;"My Lord Bath, you
+    and I are now two as insignificant men as any in England." In which he
+    spoke the truth of my Lord Bath, but not of himself. For my Lord Orford
+    was consulted by the ministers to the last day of his life.' King's
+    <i>Anec</i>. p. 43.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-908">[908]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 431, and iii. 326.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-909">[909]</a> 'Sir Robert Walpole detested war. This made Dr. Johnson say of
+    him, "He was the best minister this country ever had, as, if <i>we</i> would
+    have let him (he speaks of his own violent faction), he would have kept
+    the country in perpetual peace."' Seward's <i>Biographiana</i>, p. 554. See
+    <i>ante</i>, i. 131.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-910">[910]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. Appendix C.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-911">[911]</a> I think it incumbent on me to make some observation on this strong
+    satirical sally on my classical companion, Mr. Wilkes. Reporting it
+    lately from memory, in his presence, I expressed it thus:&mdash;'They knew he
+    would rob their shops, <i>if he durst;</i> they knew he would debauch their
+    daughters, <i>if he could;</i>' which, according to the French phrase, may be
+    said <i>renchérir</i> on Dr. Johnson; but on looking into my Journal, I found
+    it as above, and would by no means make any addition. Mr. Wilkes
+    received both readings with a good humour that I cannot enough admire.
+    Indeed both he and I (as, with respect to myself, the reader has more
+    than once had occasion to observe in the course of this Journal,) are
+    too fond of a <i>bon mot</i>, not to relish it, though we should be ourselves
+    the object of it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Let me add, in justice to the gentleman here mentioned, that at a
+    subsequent period, he <i>was</i> elected chief magistrate of London [in
+    1774], and discharged the duties of that high office with great honour
+    to himself, and advantage to the city. Some years before Dr. Johnson
+    died, I was fortunate enough to bring him and Mr. Wilkes together; the
+    consequence of which was, that they were ever afterwards on easy and not
+    unfriendly terms. The particulars I shall have great pleasure in
+    relating at large in my <i>Life of Dr. Johnson</i>. BOSWELL. In the copy of
+    Boswell's <i>Letter to the People of Scotland</i> in the British Museum is
+    entered in Boswell's own hand&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Comes jucundus in via pro vehiculo est.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    To John Wilkes, Esq.: as pleasant a companion as ever lived. From the
+    Author.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+             &mdash;will my Wilkes retreat,
+     And see, once seen before, that ancient seat, etc.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    See <i>ante</i>, iii. 64, 183; iv. 101, 224, note 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-912">[912]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 199.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-913">[913]</a> Our afternoon journey was through a country of such gloomy
+    desolation that Mr. Boswell thought no part of the Highlands equally
+    terrifick.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 150.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-914">[914]</a> Johnson describes Lochbuy as 'a true Highland laird, rough and
+    haughty, and tenacious of his dignity: who, hearing my name, inquired
+    whether I was of the Johnstons of Glencoe (<i>sic</i>) or of Ardnamurchan.'
+    <i>Ib</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-915">[915]</a> Boswell totally misapprehended <i>Lochbuy's</i> meaning. There are two
+    septs of the powerful clan of M'Donaid, who are called Mac-Ian, that is
+    <i>John's-son</i>; and as Highlanders often translate their names when they
+    go to the Lowlands,&mdash;as Gregor-son for Mac-Gregor, Farquhar-son for
+    Mac-Farquhar,&mdash;<i>Lochbuy</i> supposed that Dr. Johnson might be one of the
+    Mac-Ians of Ardnamurchan, or of Glencro. Boswell's explanation was
+    nothing to the purpose. The <i>Johnstons</i> are a clan distinguished in
+    Scottish <i>border</i> history, and as brave as any <i>Highland</i> clan that ever
+    wore brogues; but they lay entirely out of <i>Lochbuy's</i> knowledge&mdash;nor
+    was he thinking of <i>them</i>. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-916">[916]</a> This maxim, however, has been controverted. See Blackstone's
+    <i>Commentaries</i>, vol. ii. p. 291; and the authorities there quoted.
+    BOSWELL. 'Blackstone says:&mdash;From these loose authorities, which
+    Fitzherbert does not hesitate to reject as being contrary to reason, the
+    maxim that a man shall not stultify himself hath been handed down as
+    settled law; though later opinions, feeling the inconvenience of the
+    rule, have in many points endeavoured to restrain it.' <i>Ib</i>. p. 292.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-917">[917]</a> Begging pardon of the Doctor and his conductor, I have often seen
+    and partaken of cold sheep's head at as good breakfast-tables as ever
+    they sat at. This protest is something in the manner of the late
+    Culrossie, who fought a duel for the honour of Aberdeen butter. I have
+    passed over all the Doctor's other reproaches upon Scotland, but the
+    sheep's head I will defend <i>totis viribus</i>. Dr. Johnson himself must
+    have forgiven my zeal on this occasion; for if, as he says, <i>dinner</i> be
+    the thing of which a man thinks <i>oftenest during the day, breakfast</i>
+    must be that of which he thinks <i>first in the morning</i>. WALTER SCOTT. I
+    do not know where Johnson says this. Perhaps Scott was thinking of a
+    passage in Mrs. Piozzi's <i>Anec</i>. p. 149, where she writes that he said:
+    'A man seldom thinks with more earnestness of any thing than he does of
+    his dinner.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-918">[918]</a> A horrible place it was. Johnson describes it (<i>Works</i>, ix. 152)
+    as 'a deep subterraneous cavity, walled on the sides, and arched on the
+    top, into which the descent is through a narrow door, by a ladder or
+    a rope.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-919">[919]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 177.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-920">[920]</a> Sir Allan M'Lean, like many Highland chiefs, was embarrassed in
+    his private affairs, and exposed to unpleasant solicitations from
+    attorneys, called, in Scotland, <i>writers</i> (which indeed was the chief
+    motive of his retiring to Inchkenneth). Upon one occasion he made a
+    visit to a friend, then residing at Carron lodge, on the banks of the
+    Carron, where the banks of that river are studded with pretty villas:
+    Sir Allan, admiring the landscape, asked his friend, whom that handsome
+    seat belonged to. 'M&mdash;-, the writer to the signet,' was the reply.
+    'Umph!' said Sir Allan, but not with an accent of assent, 'I mean that
+    other house.' 'Oh ! that belongs to a very honest fellow Jamie&mdash;-, also
+    a writer to the signet.' 'Umph!' said the Highland chief of M'Lean with
+    more emphasis than before, 'And yon smaller house?' 'That belongs to a
+    Stirling man; I forget his name, but I am sure he is a writer too;
+    for&mdash;-.' Sir Allan who had recoiled a quarter of a circle backward at
+    every response, now wheeled the circle entire and turned his back on the
+    landscape, saying, 'My good friend, I must own you have a pretty
+    situation here; but d&mdash;n your neighbourhood.' WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-921">[921]</a> Loch Awe.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-922">[922]</a> 'Pope's talent lay remarkably in what one may naturally enough
+    term the condensation of thoughts. I think no other English poet ever
+    brought so much sense into the same number of lines with equal
+    smoothness, ease, and poetical beauty. Let him who doubts of this peruse
+    his <i>Essay on Man</i> with attention.' Shenstone's <i>Essays on Men and
+    Manners. [Works</i>, 4th edit. ii. 159.] 'He [Gray] approved an observation
+    of Shenstone, that "Pope had the art of condensing a thought."'
+    Nicholls' <i>Reminiscences of Gray</i>, p. 37. And Swift [in his <i>Lines on
+    the death of Dr. Swift</i>], himself a great condenser, says&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'In Pope I cannot read a line
+      But with a sigh I wish it mine;
+      When he can in one couplet fix
+      More sense than I can do in six.'
+			P. CUNNINGHAM.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-923">[923]</a> He is described by Walpole in his <i>Letters</i>, viii. 5.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-924">[924]</a> 'The night came on while we had yet a great part of the way to go,
+    though not so dark but that we could discern the cataracts which poured
+    down the hills on one side, and fell into one general channel, that ran
+    with great violence on the other. The wind was loud, the rain was heavy,
+    and the whistling of the blast, the fall of the shower, the rush of the
+    cataracts, and the roar of the torrent, made a nobler chorus of the
+    rough musick of nature than it had ever been my chance to hear before.'
+    Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 155. He wrote to Mrs. Thrale:&mdash;'All the rougher
+    powers of nature except thunder were in motion, but there was no danger.
+    I should have been sorry to have missed any of the inconveniencies, to
+    have had more light or less rain, for their co-operation crowded the
+    scene and filled the mind.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 177.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-925">[925]</a> I never tasted whiskey except once for experiment at the inn in
+    Inverary, when I thought it preferable to any English malt brandy. It
+    was strong, but not pungent, and was free from the empyreumatick taste
+    or smell. What was the process I had no opportunity of inquiring, nor do
+    I wish to improve the art of making poison pleasant.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>,
+    ix. 52. Smollett, medical man though he was, looked upon whisky as
+    anything but poison. 'I am told that it is given with great success to
+    infants, as a cordial in the confluent small-pox.' <i>Humphry Clinker</i>.
+    Letter of Sept. 3.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-926">[926]</a> <i>Regale</i> in this sense is not in Johnson's <i>Dictionary</i>. It was,
+    however, a favourite word at this time. Thus, Mrs. Piozzi, in her
+    <i>Journey through France</i>, ii. 297, says:&mdash;'A large dish of hot chocolate
+    thickened with bread and cream is a common afternoon's regale here.'
+    Miss Burney often uses the word.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-927">[927]</a> Boswell, in answering Garrick's letter seven months later,
+    improved on this comparison. 'It was,' he writes, 'a pine-apple of the
+    finest flavour, which had a high zest indeed among the heath-covered
+    mountains of Scotia.' <i>Garrick Corres</i>. i. 621.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-928">[928]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 115.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-929">[929]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 97.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-930">[930]</a> 'Though Birnam wood be come to Dunsinane.' <i>Macbeth</i>, act v. sc. 8.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-931">[931]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'From his first entrance to the closing scene
+      Let him one equal character maintain.'
+
+			FRANCIS. Horace, <i>Ars Poet.</i> l. 126.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-932">[932]</a> I took the liberty of giving this familiar appellation to my
+    celebrated friend, to bring in a more lively manner to his remembrance
+    the period when he was Dr. Johnson's pupil. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-933">[933]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 129.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-934">[934]</a> Boswell is here quoting the Preface to the third edition of his
+    <i>Corsica</i>:&mdash;'Whatever clouds may overcast my days, I can now walk here
+    among the rocks and woods of my ancestors, with an agreeable
+    consciousness that I have done something worthy.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-935">[935]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 148, and <i>post</i>, Nov. 21.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-936">[936]</a> I have suppressed my friend's name from an apprehension of
+    wounding his sensibility; but I would not withhold from my readers a
+    passage which shews Mr. Garrick's mode of writing as the Manager of a
+    Theatre, and contains a pleasing trait of his domestick life. His
+    judgment of dramatick pieces, so far as concerns their exhibition on the
+    stage, must be allowed to have considerable weight. But from the effect
+    which a perusal of the tragedy here condemned had upon myself, and from
+    the opinions of some eminent criticks, I venture to pronounce that it
+    has much poetical merit; and its authour has distinguished himself by
+    several performances which shew that the epithet <i>poetaster</i> was, in the
+    present instance, much misapplied. BOSWELL. Johnson mentioned this
+    quarrel between Garrick and the poet on March 25, 1773 (<i>Piozzi
+    Letters</i>, i. 80). 'M&mdash;&mdash; is preparing a whole pamphlet against G&mdash;&mdash;,
+    and G&mdash;&mdash; is, I suppose, collecting materials to confute M&mdash;&mdash;.' M&mdash;&mdash;
+    was Mickle, the translator of the <i>Lusiad</i> and author of the <i>Ballad of
+    Cumnor Hall</i> (<i>ante</i>, ii. 182). Had it not been for this 'poetaster,'
+    <i>Kenilworth</i> might never have been written. Scott, in the preface, tells
+    how 'the first stanza of <i>Cunmor Hall</i> had a peculiar species of
+    enchantment for his youthful ear, the force of which is not even now
+    entirely spent.' The play that was refused was the <i>Siege of
+    Marseilles</i>. Ever since the success of Hughes's <i>Siege of Damascus</i> 'a
+    siege had become a popular title' (<i>ante</i>, iii. 259, note 1).
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-937">[937]</a> She could only have been away for the day; for in 1776 Garrick
+    wrote:&mdash;'As I have not left Mrs. Garrick one day since we were married,
+    near twenty-eight years, I cannot now leave her.' <i>Garrick Corres</i>.
+    ii. 150.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-938">[938]</a> Dr. Morell once entered the school-room at Winchester College, 'in
+    which some junior boys were writing their exercises, one of whom, struck
+    no less with his air and manner than with the questions he put to them,
+    whispered to his school-fellows, "Is he not a fine old Grecian?" The
+    Doctor, overhearing this, turned hastily round and exclaimed, "I am
+    indeed an old Grecian, my little man. Did you never see my head before
+    my Thesaurus?"' The Praepostors, learning the dignity of their visitor,
+    in a most respectful manner showed him the College. Wooll's <i>Life of Dr.
+    Warton</i>, p. 329. Mason writing to Horace Walpole about some odes,
+    says:&mdash;'They are so lopped and mangled, that they are worse now than the
+    productions of Handel's poet, Dr. Morell.' Walpole's <i>Letters</i>, v. 420.
+    Morell compiled the words for Handel's <i>Oratorios</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-939">[939]</a> <i>Ante</i>, i. 148.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-940">[940]</a> I doubt whether any other instance can be found of <i>love</i> being
+    sent to Johnson.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-941">[941]</a> The passage begins:&mdash;'A <i>servant</i> or two from a revering distance
+    cast many a wishful look, and condole their honoured master in the
+    language of sighs.' Hervey's <i>Meditations</i>, ed. 1748, i. 40.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-942">[942]</a> <i>Ib</i>. ii. 84.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-943">[943]</a> The <i>Meditation</i> was perhaps partly suggested by Swift's
+    <i>Meditation upon a Broomstick</i>. Swift's <i>Works</i> (1803), iii. 275.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-944">[944]</a> Thomas Burnet of the Charterhouse, in his <i>Sacred Theory of the
+    Earth</i>, ed. 1722, i. 85.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-945">[945]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 476, and ii. 73.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-946">[946]</a> Elizabeth Gunning, celebrated (like her sister, Lady Coventry) for
+    her personal charms, had been previously Duchess of Hamilton, and was
+    mother of Douglas, Duke of Hamilton, the competitor for the Douglas
+    property with the late Lord Douglas: she was, of course, prejudiced
+    against Boswell, who had shewn all the bustling importance of his
+    character in the Douglas cause, and it was said, I know not on what
+    authority, that he headed the mob which broke the windows of some of the
+    judges, and of Lord Auchinleck, his father, in particular. WALTER SCOTT.
+    See <i>ante</i>, ii. 50.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-947">[947]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 408, and ii. 329.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-948">[948]</a> She married the Earl of Derby, and was the great-grandmother of
+    the present Earl. Burke's <i>Peerage</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-949">[949]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 248.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-950">[950]</a> Lord Macaulay's grandfather, Trevelyan's <i>Macaulay</i>, i. 6.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-951">[951]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 118.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-952">[952]</a> On reflection, at the distance of several years, I wonder that my
+    venerable fellow-traveller should have read this passage without
+    censuring my levity. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-953">[953]</a> <i>Ante</i>, p. 151.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-954">[954]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 240.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-955">[955]</a> As this book is now become very scarce, I shall subjoin the title,
+    which is curious:&mdash;The Doctrines of a Middle State between Death and
+    the Resurrection: Of Prayers for the Dead: And the Necessity of
+    Purification; plainly proved from the holy Scriptures, and the Writings
+    of the Fathers of the Primitive Church: and acknowledged by several
+    learned Fathers and Great Divines of the Church of England and others
+    since the Reformation. To which is added, an Appendix concerning the
+    Descent of the Soul of Christ into Hell, while his Body lay in the
+    Grave. Together with the Judgment of the Reverend Dr. Hickes concerning
+    this Book, so far as relates to a Middle State, particular Judgment, and
+    Prayers for the Dead as it appeared in the first Edition. 'And a
+    Manuscript of the Right Reverend Bishop Overall upon the Subject of a
+    Middle State, and never before printed. Also, a Preservative against
+    several of the Errors of the Roman Church, in six small Treatises. By
+    the Honourable Archibald Campbell. Folio, 1721. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-956">[956]</a> The release gained for him by Lord Townshend must have been from
+    his last imprisonment after the accession of George I; for, as Mr.
+    Croker points out, Townshend was not Secretary of State till 1714.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-957">[957]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 286.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-958">[958]</a> He was the grandson of the first Marquis, who was beheaded by
+    Charles II in 1661, and nephew of the ninth Earl, who was beheaded by
+    James II in 1685. Burke's <i>Peerage</i>. He died on June 15, 1744, according
+    to the <i>Gent. Mag.</i> xiv. 339; where he is described as 'the consecrated
+    Archbishop of St. Andrews.' See <i>ante</i>, ii. 216.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-959">[959]</a> George Hickes, 1642-1715. A non-juror, consecrated in 1693
+    suffragan bishop of Thetford by three of the deprived non-juror bishops.
+    Chalmers's <i>Biog. Dict.</i> xvii. 450. Burnet (<i>Hist. of his own Time</i>, iv.
+    303) describes him as 'an ill-tempered man, who was now <a name="note-1712">[1712]</a> at the
+    head of the Jacobite party, and who had in several books promoted a
+    notion, that there was a proper sacrifice made in the Eucharist.'
+    Boswell mentions him, <i>ante</i>, iv. 287.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-960">[960]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 458.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-961">[961]</a> This must be a mistake for <i>He died</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-962">[962]</a> 'It is generally supposed that life is longer in places where
+    there are few opportunities of luxury; but I found no instance here of
+    extraordinary longevity. A cottager grows old over his oaten cakes like
+    a citizen at a turtle feast. He is, indeed, seldom incommoded by
+    corpulence, Poverty preserves him from sinking under the burden of
+    himself, but he escapes no other injury of time.' Johnson's Works,
+    ix. 81.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-963">[963]</a> Lady Lucy Graham, daughter of the second Duke of Montrose, and
+    wife of Mr. Douglas, the successful claimant: she died in 1780, whence
+    Boswell calls her '<i>poor</i> Lady Lucy.' CROKER
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-964">[964]</a> Her first husband was the sixth Duke of Hamilton and Brandon. On
+    his death she refused the Duke of Bridgewater. She was the mother of
+    four dukes&mdash;two of Hamilton and two of Argyle. Her sister married the
+    Earl of Coventry. Walpole's <i>Letters</i>, ii. 259, note. Walpole, writing
+    on Oct. 9, 1791, says that their story was amazing. 'The two beautiful
+    sisters were going on the stage, when they were at once exalted almost
+    as high as they could be, were Countessed and double-Duchessed.' <i>Ib</i>.
+    ix. 358. Their maiden name was Gunning. The Duchess of Argyle was alive
+    when Boswell published his <i>Journal</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-965">[965]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 397, and v. 210. It was Lord Macaulay's
+    grandfather who was thus reprimanded. Mr. Trevelyan remarks (<i>Life of
+    Macaulay</i>, i. 7), 'When we think what well-known ground this [subject]
+    was to Lord Macaulay, it is impossible to suppress a wish that the great
+    talker had been at hand to avenge his grandfather.' The result might
+    well have been, however, that the great talker would have been reduced
+    to silence&mdash;one of those brilliant flashes of silence for which Sydney
+    Smith longed, but longed in vain.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-966">[966]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 264, note 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-967">[967]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 8, for his use of 'O brave!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-968">[968]</a> Having mentioned, more than once, that my <i>Journal</i> was perused by
+    Dr. Johnson, I think it proper to inform my readers that this is the
+    last paragraph which he read. BOSWELL. He began to read it on August 18
+    (<i>ante</i>, p. 58, note 2).
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-969">[969]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 320.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-970">[970]</a> Act i. sc. 1. The best known passage in <i>Douglas</i> is the speech
+    beginning 'My name is Norval.' Act ii. The play affords a few quotations
+    more or less known, as:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+             'I found myself
+     As women wish to be who love their lords.'
+     Act i.
+
+             'He seldom errs
+     Who thinks the worse he can of womankind.'
+     Act iii.
+
+    'Honour, sole judge and umpire of itself.'
+     Act iv.
+
+    'Unknown I die; no tongue shall speak of me.
+     Some noble spirits, judging by themselves,
+     May yet conjecture what I might have proved,
+     And think life only wanting to my fame.'
+     Act v.
+
+    'An honest guardian, arbitrator just
+     Be thou; thy station deem a sacred trust.
+     With thy good sword maintain thy country's cause;
+     In every action venerate its laws:
+     The lie suborn'd if falsely urg'd to swear,
+     Though torture wait thee, torture firmly bear;
+     To forfeit honour, think the highest shame,
+     And life too dearly bought by loss of fame;
+     Nor to preserve it, with thy virtue give
+     That for which only man should wish to live.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    [<i>Satires</i>, viii. 79.]
+</p>
+<p>
+    For this and the other translations to which no signature is affixed, I
+    am indebted to the friend whose observations are mentioned in the notes,
+    pp. 78 and 399. BOSWELL. Sir Walter Scott says, 'probably Dr. Hugh
+    Blair.' I have little doubt that it was Malone. 'One of the best
+    criticks of our age,' Boswell calls this friend in the other two
+    passages. This was a compliment Boswell was likely to pay to Malone, to
+    whom he dedicated this book. Malone was a versifier. See Prior's
+    <i>Malone</i>, p. 463.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-971">[971]</a> I am sorry that I was unlucky in my quotation. But notwithstanding
+    the acuteness of Dr. Johnson's criticism, and the power of his ridicule,
+    <i>The Tragedy of Douglas</i> sill continues to be generally and deservedly
+    admired. BOSWELL. Johnson's scorn was no doubt returned, for Dr. A.
+    Carlyle (<i>Auto.</i> p. 295) says of Home:&mdash;'as John all his life had a
+    thorough contempt for such as neglected his poetry, he treated all who
+    approved of his works with a partiality which more than approached to
+    flattery.' Carlyle tells (pp. 301-305) how Home started for London with
+    his tragedy in one pocket of his great coat and his clean shirt and
+    night-cap in the other, escorted on setting out by six or seven Merse
+    ministers. 'Garrick, after reading his play, returned it as totally
+    unfit for the stage.' It was brought out first in Edinburgh, and in the
+    year 1757 in Covent Garden, where it had great success. 'This tragedy,'
+    wrote Carlyle forty-five years later, 'still maintains its ground, has
+    been more frequently acted, and is more popular than any tragedy in the
+    English language.' <i>Ib.</i> p. 325. Hannah More recorded in 1786
+    (<i>Memoirs</i>, ii. 22), 'I had a quarrel with Lord Monboddo one night
+    lately. He said <i>Douglas</i> was a better play than Shakespeare could have
+    written. He was angry and I was pert. Lord Mulgrave sat spiriting me up,
+    but kept out of the scrape himself, and Lord Stormont seemed to enjoy
+    the debate, but was shabby enough not to help me out.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-972">[972]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 230, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-973">[973]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 318.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-974">[974]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 54
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-975">[975]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 356.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-976">[976]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 241, note 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-977">[977]</a> As a remarkable instance of his negligence, I remember some years
+    ago to have found lying loose in his study, and without the cover, which
+    contained the address, a letter to him from Lord Thurlow, to whom he had
+    made an application as Chancellor, in behalf of a poor literary friend.
+    It was expressed in such terms of respect for Dr. Johnson, that, in my
+    zeal for his reputation, I remonstrated warmly with him on his strange
+    inattention, and obtained his permission to take a copy of it; by which
+    probably it has been preserved, as the original I have reason to suppose
+    is lost. BOSWELL. See <i>ante</i>, iii. 441.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-978">[978]</a> 'The islets, which court the gazer at a distance, disgust him at
+    his approach, when he finds, instead of soft lawns and shady thickets,
+    nothing more than uncultivated ruggedness.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 156.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-979">[979]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 200, and iv. 179.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-980">[980]</a> In these arguments he says:&mdash;'Reason and truth will prevail at
+    last. The most learned of the Scottish doctors would now gladly admit a
+    form of prayer, if the people would endure it. The zeal or rage of
+    congregations has its different degrees. In some parishes the Lord's
+    Prayer is suffered: in others it is still rejected as a form; and he
+    that should make it part of his supplication would be suspected of
+    heretical pravity.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 102. See <i>ante</i>, p. 121.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-981">[981]</a> 'A very little above the source of the Leven, on the lake, stands
+    the house of Cameron, belonging to Mr. Smollett, so embosomed in an oak
+    wood that we did not see it till we were within fifty yards of the
+    door.' <i>Humphry Clinker</i>, Letter of Aug. 28.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-982">[982]</a> Boswell himself was at times one of 'those absurd visionaries.'
+    <i>Ante</i>, ii. 73.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-983">[983]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 117.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-984">[984]</a> Lord Kames wrote one, which is published in Chambers's <i>Traditions
+    of Edinburgh</i>, ed. 1825, i. 280. In it he bids the traveller to 'indulge
+    the hope of a Monumental Pillar.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-985">[985]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 85; and v. 154.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-986">[986]</a> This address does not offend against the rule that Johnson lays
+    down in his <i>Essay on Epitaphs</i> (<i>Works</i>, v. 263), where he says:&mdash;'It
+    is improper to address the epitaph to the passenger.' The impropriety
+    consists in such an address in a church. He however did break through
+    his rule in his epitaph in Streatham Church on Mr. Thrale, where he
+    says:&mdash;'Abi viator.' <i>Ib.</i> i. 154.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-987">[987]</a> In <i>Humphry Clinker</i> (Letter of Aug. 28), which was published a
+    few months before Smollett's death, is his <i>Ode on Leven-Water</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-988">[988]</a> The epitaph which has been inscribed on the pillar erected on the
+    banks of the Leven, in honour of Dr. Smollett, is as follows. The part
+    which was written by Dr. Johnson, it appears, has been altered; whether
+    for the better, the reader will judge. The alterations are distinguished
+    by Italicks.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Siste viator!
+     Si lepores ingeniique venam benignam,
+     Si morum callidissimum pictorem, Unquam es miratus,
+     Immorare paululum memoriae
+     TOBIAE SMOLLET, M.D.
+     Viri virtutibus <i>hisce</i>
+     Quas in homine et cive
+     Et laudes et imiteris,
+     Haud mediocriter ornati:
+     Qui in literis variis versatus,
+     Postquam felicitate <i>sibi propria</i>
+     Sese posteris commendaverat,
+     Morte acerba raptus
+     Anno aetatis 51,
+     Eheu: quam procul a patria!
+     Prope Liburni portum in Italia, Jacet sepultres.
+     Tali tantoque viro, patrueli suo, Cui in decursu lampada
+     Se potius tradidisse decuit, Hanc Columnam,
+     Amoris, eheu! inane monumentum In ipsis Leviniae ripis,
+     Quas <i>versiculis sub exitu vitae illustratas</i>
+     Primis infans vagitibus personuit, Ponendam curavit
+     JACOBUS SMOLLET de Bonhill. Abi et reminiscere,
+     Hoc quidem honore, Non modo defuncti memoriae,
+     Verum etiam exemplo, prospectum esse;
+     Aliis enim, si modo digni sint,
+     Idem erit virtutis praemium!
+
+     BOSWELL.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-989">[989]</a> Baretti told Malone that, having proposed to teach Johnson
+    Italian, they went over a few stanzas of Ariosto, and Johnson then grew
+    weary. 'Some years afterwards Baretti said he would give him another
+    lesson, but added, "I suppose you have forgotten what we read before."
+    "Who forgets, Sir?" said Johnson, and immediately repeated three or four
+    stanzas of the poem.' Baretti took down the book to see if it had been
+    lately opened, but the leaves were covered with dust. Prior's <i>Malone</i>,
+    p. 160. Johnson had learnt to translate Italian before he knew Baretti.
+    <i>Ante</i>, i. 107, 156. For other instances of his memory, see <i>ante</i>, i.
+    39, 48; iii. 318, note 1; and iv. 103, note 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-990">[990]</a> For sixty-eight days he received no letter&mdash;from August 21
+    (<i>ante</i>, p. 84) to October 28.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-991">[991]</a> Among these professors might possibly have been either Burke or
+    Hume had not a Mr. Clow been the successful competitor in 1751 as the
+    successor to Adam Smith in the chair of Logic. 'Mr. Clow has acquired a
+    curious title to fame, from the greatness of the man to whom he
+    succeeded, and of those over whom he was triumphant.' J.H. Burton's
+    <i>Hume</i>, i. 351.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-992">[992]</a> Dr. Reid, the author of the <i>Inquiry into the Human Mind</i>, had in
+    1763 succeeded Adam Smith as Professor of Moral Philosophy. Dugald
+    Stewart was his pupil the winter before Johnson's visit. Stewart's
+    <i>Reid</i>, ed. 1802, p. 38.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-993">[993]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 186.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-994">[994]</a> Mr. Boswell has chosen to omit, for reasons which will be
+    presently obvious, that Johnson and Adam Smith met at Glasgow; but I
+    have been assured by Professor John Miller that they did so, and that
+    Smith, leaving the party in which he had met Johnson, happened to come
+    to another company <i>where Miller was</i>. Knowing that Smith had been in
+    Johnson's society, they were anxious to know what had passed, and the
+    more so as Dr. Smith's temper seemed much ruffled. At first Smith would
+    only answer, 'He's a brute&mdash;he's a brute;' but on closer examination, it
+    appeared that Johnson no sooner saw Smith than he attacked him for some
+    point of his famous letter on the death of Hume (<i>ante</i>, p. 30). Smith
+    vindicated the truth of his statement. 'What did Johnson say?' was the
+    universal inquiry. 'Why, he said,' replied Smith, with the deepest
+    impression of resentment, 'he said, <i>you lie!</i>' 'And what did you
+    reply?' 'I said, you are a son of a&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;!' On such terms did these two
+    great moralists meet and part, and such was the classical dialogue
+    between two great teachers of philosophy. WALTER SCOTT. This story is
+    erroneous in the particulars of the <i>time, place,</i> and <i>subject</i> of the
+    alleged quarrel; for Hume did not die for [nearly] three years after
+    Johnson's only visit to Glasgow; nor was Smith then there. Johnson,
+    previous to 1763 (see <i>ante</i>, i. 427, and iii. 331), had an altercation
+    with Adam Smith at Mr. Strahan's table. This may have been the
+    foundation of Professor Miller's misrepresentation. But, even <i>then</i>,
+    nothing of this offensive kind could have passed, as, if it had, Smith
+    could certainly not have afterwards solicited admission to the Club of
+    which Johnson was the leader, to which he was admitted 1st Dec. 1775,
+    and where he and Johnson met frequently on civil terms. I, therefore,
+    disbelieve the whole story. CROKER.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-995">[995]</a> 'His appearance,' says Dr. A. Carlyle (<i>Auto</i>. p. 68), 'was that
+    of an ascetic, reduced by fasting and prayer.' See <i>ante</i>, p. 68.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-996">[996]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 27, 279.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-997">[997]</a> See <i>ante,</i> p. 92.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-998">[998]</a> Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale:&mdash;'I was not much pleased with any
+    of the Professors.' <i>Piozzi Letters,</i> i. 199. Mme. D'Arblay says:&mdash;
+    'Whenever Dr. Johnson did not make the charm of conversation he only
+    marred it by his presence, from the general fear he incited, that if he
+    spoke not, he might listen; and that if he listened, he might reprove.'
+    <i>Memoirs of Dr. Burney,</i> ii. 187. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 63
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-999">[999]</a> Boswell has not let us see this caution. When Robertson first came
+    in, 'there began,' we are told, 'some animated dialogue' (<i>ante,</i> p.32).
+    The next day we read that 'he fluently harangued to Dr. Johnson'
+    (<i>ante,</i> p.43).
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1000">[1000]</a> See <i>ante,</i> iii. 366.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1001">[1001]</a> He was Ambassador at Paris in the beginning of the reign of
+    George I., and Commander-in-Chief in 1744. Lord Mahon's <i>England</i>, ed.
+    1836, i. 201 and iii. 275.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1002">[1002]</a> The unwilling gratitude of base mankind. POPE. [<i>Imitations of
+    Horace</i>, 2 <i>Epis</i>. i. 14.] BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1003">[1003]</a> Dr. Franklin (<i>Memoirs</i>, i. 246-253) gives a curious account of
+    Lord Loudoun, who was general in America about the year 1756.
+    'Indecision,' he says, 'was one of the strongest features of his
+    character.' He kept back the packet-boats from day to day because he
+    could not make up his mind to send his despatches. At one time there
+    were three boats waiting, one of which was kept with cargo and
+    passengers on board three months beyond its time. Pitt at length
+    recalled him, because 'he never heard from him, and could not know what
+    he was doing.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1004">[1004]</a> See Chalmers's <i>Biog. Dict.</i> xi. 161 for an account of a
+    controversy about the identity of this writer with an historian of the
+    same name.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1005">[1005]</a> He had paid but little attention to his own rule. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 119.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1006">[1006]</a> 'I believe that for all the castles which I have seen beyond the
+    Tweed, the ruins yet remaining of some one of those which the English
+    built in Wales would supply Materials.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 152.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1007">[1007]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 40, note 4.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1008">[1008]</a> Johnson described her as 'a lady who for many years gave the laws
+    of elegance to Scotland.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 200. Allan Ramsay
+    dedicated to her his <i>Gentle Shepherd</i>, and W. Hamilton, of Bangour,
+    wrote to her verses on the presentation of Ramsay's poem. Hamilton's
+    <i>Poems</i>, p. 23.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1009">[1009]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 66, and iii. 188.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1010">[1010]</a> 'She called Boswell the boy: "yes, Madam," said I, "we will send
+    him to school." "He is already," said she, "in a good school;" and
+    expressed her hope of his improvement. At last night came, and I was
+    sorry to leave her.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 200. See <i>ante</i>, iii. 366.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1011">[1011]</a> See <i>ante</i>, pp. 318, 362.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1012">[1012]</a> Burns, who was in his fifteenth year, was at this time living at
+    Ayr, about twelve miles away. When later on he moved to Mauchline, he
+    and Boswell became much nearer neighbours.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1013">[1013]</a> He had, however, married again. <i>Ante</i>, ii. 140, note I. It is
+    curious that Boswell in this narrative does not mention his step-mother.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+<a name="note-1014">[1014]</a>
+     'Asper
+     Incolumi gravitate jocum tentavit.'
+     'Though rude his mirth, yet laboured to maintain
+     The solemn grandeur of the tragic scene.'
+
+		 FRANCIS. Horace, <i>Ars Poet</i>. l. 221.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1015">[1015]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 65, and v. 97.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1016">[1016]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 163, 241.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1017">[1017]</a> Johnson (<i>Works</i>, vii. 425) says of Addison's dedication of the
+    opera of <i>Rosamond</i> to the Duchess of Marlborough, that 'it was an
+    instance of servile absurdity, to be exceeded only by Joshua Barnes's
+    dedication of a Greek <i>Anacreon</i> to the Duke.' For Barnes see <i>ante</i>,
+    iii. 284, and iv. 19.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1018">[1018]</a> William Baxter, the editor of <i>Anacreon</i>, was the nephew of
+    Richard Baxter, the nonconformist divine.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1019">[1019]</a> He says of Auchinleck (<i>Works</i>, ix. 158) that 'like all the
+    western side of Scotland, it is <i>incommoded</i> by very frequent rain.' 'In
+    all September we had, according to Boswell's register, only one day and
+    a half of fair weather; and in October perhaps not more.' <i>Piozzi
+    Letters</i>, i. 182.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1020">[1020]</a> 'By-the-bye,' wrote Sir Walter Scott, 'I am far from being of the
+    number of those angry Scotsmen who imputed to Johnson's national
+    prejudices all or a great part of the report he has given of our country
+    in his <i>Voyage to the Hebrides</i>. I remember the Highlands ten or twelve
+    years later, and no one can conceive of 'how much that could have been
+    easily remedied travellers had to complain.' <i>Croker Corres</i>. ii. 34
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1021">[1021]</a> 'Of these islands it must be confessed, that they have not many
+    allurements but to the mere lover of naked nature. The inhabitants are
+    thin, provisions are scarce, and desolation and penury give little
+    pleasure.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 153. In an earlier passage (p. 138),
+    in describing a rough ride in Mull, he says:&mdash;'We were now long enough
+    acquainted with hills and heath to have lost the emotion that they once
+    raised, whether pleasing or painful, and had our minds employed only on
+    our own fatigue.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1022">[1022]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 225.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1023">[1023]</a> In like manner Wesley said of Rousseau:&mdash;'Sure a more consummate
+    coxcomb never saw the sun.... He is a cynic all over. So indeed is his
+    brother-infidel, Voltaire; and well-nigh as great a coxcomb.' Wesley's
+    <i>Journal,</i>, ed. 1830, iii. 386.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1024">[1024]</a> This gentleman, though devoted to the study of grammar and
+    dialecticks, was not so absorbed in it as to be without a sense of
+    pleasantry, or to be offended at his favourite topicks being treated
+    lightly. I one day met him in the street, as I was hastening to the
+    House of Lords, and told him, I was sorry I could not stop, being rather
+    too late to attend an appeal of the Duke of Hamilton against Douglas. 'I
+    thought (said he) their contest had been over long ago.' I answered,
+    'The contest concerning Douglas's filiation was over long ago; but the
+    contest now is, who shall have the estate.' Then, assuming the air of
+    'an ancient sage philosopher,' I proceeded thus: 'Were I to <i>predicate</i>
+    concerning him, I should say, the contest formerly was, What <i>is</i> he?
+    The contest now is, What <i>has</i> he?'&mdash;'Right, (replied Mr. Harris,
+    smiling,) you have done with <i>quality</i>, and have got into
+    <i>quantity</i>.' BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1025">[1025]</a> Most likely Sir A. Macdonald. <i>Ante</i>, p. 148.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1026">[1026]</a> Boswell wrote on March 18,1775:&mdash;'Mr. Johnson, when enumerating
+    our Club, observed of some of us, that they talked from books,&mdash;Langton
+    in particular. "Garrick," he said, "would talk from books, if he talked
+    seriously." "<i>I</i>," said he, "do not talk from books; <i>you</i> do not talk
+    from books." This was a compliment to my originality; but I am afraid I
+    have not read books enough to be able to talk from them.' <i>Letters of
+    Boswell</i>, p. 181. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 360, where Johnson said to Boswell:&mdash;
+    'I don't believe you have borrowed from Waller. I wish you would enable
+    yourself to borrow more;' and i. 105, where he described 'a man of a
+    great deal of knowledge of the world, fresh from life, not strained
+    through books.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1027">[1027]</a> 'Lord Auchinleck has built a house of hewn stone, very stately
+    and durable, and has advanced the value of his lands with great
+    tenderness to his tenants. I was, however, less delighted with the
+    elegance of the modern mansion, than with the sullen dignity of the old
+    castle.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 159. 'The house is scarcely yet
+    finished, but very magnificent and very convenient.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>,
+    i. 201. See <i>ante</i>, i. 462.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1028">[1028]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 413, and v. 91.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1029">[1029]</a> The relation, it should seem, was remote even for Scotland. Their
+    common ancestor was Robert Bruce, some sixteen generations back.
+    Boswell's mother's grandmother was a Bruce of the Earl of Kincardine's
+    family, and so also was his father's mother. Rogers's <i>Boswelliana</i>,
+    pp. 4, 5.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1030">[1030]</a> He refers to Johnson's pension, which was given nearly two years
+    after George Ill's accession. <i>Ante</i>, i. 372.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1031">[1031]</a> <i>Ante</i>, p. 51.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1032">[1032]</a> He repeated this advice in 1777. <i>Ante</i>, iii. 207.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1033">[1033]</a> 'Of their black cattle some are without horns, called by the
+    Scots <i>humble</i> cows, as we call a bee, an <i>humble</i> bee, that wants a
+    sting. Whether this difference be specifick, or accidental, though we
+    inquired with great diligence, we could not be informed.' Johnson's
+    <i>Works</i>, ix. 78.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Johnson, in his <i>Dictionary</i>, gives the right derivation of humble-bee,
+    from <i>hum</i> and <i>bee</i>. The word <i>Humble-cow</i> is found in <i>Guy Mannering</i>,
+    ed. 1860, iii. 91:&mdash;'"Of a surety," said Sampson, "I deemed I heard his
+    horse's feet." "That," said John, with a broad grin, "was Grizzel
+    chasing the humble-cow out of the close."'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1034">[1034]</a> 'Even the cattle have not their usual beauty or noble head.'
+    Church and Brodribb's <i>Tacitus</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1035">[1035]</a> 'The peace you seek is here&mdash;where is it not? If your own mind
+    be equal to its lot.' CROKER. Horace, I <i>Epistles</i>, xi. 29.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1036">[1036]</a> Horace, I <i>Epistles</i>, xviii. 112.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1037">[1037]</a> This and the next paragraph are not in the first edition. The
+    paragraph that follows has been altered so as to hide the fact that the
+    minister spoken of was Mr. Dun. Originally it stood:&mdash;'Mr. Dun, though a
+    man of sincere good principles as a presbyterian divine, discovered,'
+    &amp;c. First edition, p. 478.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1038">[1038]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 120.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1039">[1039]</a> Old Lord Auchinleck was an able lawyer, a good scholar, after the
+    manner of Scotland, and highly valued his own advantages as a man of
+    good estate and ancient family; and, moreover, he was a strict
+    presbyterian and Whig of the old Scottish cast. This did not prevent his
+    being a terribly proud aristocrat; and great was the contempt he
+    entertained and expressed for his son James, for the nature of his
+    friendships and the character of the personages of whom he was <i>engoué</i>
+    one after another. 'There's nae hope for Jamie, mon,' he said to a
+    friend. 'Jamie is gaen clean gyte. What do you think, mon? He's done wi'
+    Paoli&mdash;he's off wi' the land-louping scoundrel of a Corsican; and whose
+    tail do you think he has pinned himself to now, mon?' Here the old judge
+    summoned up a sneer of most sovereign contempt. 'A <i>dominie</i>, mon&mdash;an
+    auld dominie: he keeped a schule, and cau'd it an acaadamy.' Probably if
+    this had been reported to Johnson, he would have felt it more galling,
+    for he never much liked to think of that period of his life [<i>ante</i>,
+    i.97, note 2]; it would have aggravated his dislike of Lord Auchinleck's
+    Whiggery and presbyterianism. These the old lord carried to such a
+    height, that once, when a countryman came in to state some justice
+    business, and being required to make his oath, declined to do so before
+    his lordship, because he was not a <i>covenanted</i> magistrate. 'Is that
+    a'your objection, mon?' said the judge; 'come your ways in here, and
+    we'll baith of us tak the solemn league and covenant together.' The oath
+    was accordingly agreed and sworn to by both, and I dare say it was the
+    last time it ever received such homage. It may be surmised how far Lord
+    Auchinleck, such as he is here described, was likely to suit a high Tory
+    and episcopalian like Johnson. As they approached Auchinleck, Boswell
+    conjured Johnson by all the ties of regard, and in requital of the
+    services he had rendered him upon his tour, that he would spare two
+    subjects in tenderness to his father's prejudices; the first related to
+    Sir John Pringle, president of the Royal Society, about whom there was
+    then some dispute current: the second concerned the general question of
+    Whig and Tory. Sir John Pringle, as Boswell says, escaped, but the
+    controversy between Tory and Covenanter raged with great fury, and ended
+    in Johnson's pressing upon the old judge the question, what good
+    Cromwell, of whom he had said something derogatory, had ever done to his
+    country; when, after being much tortured, Lord Auchinleck at last spoke
+    out, 'God, Doctor! he gart kings ken that they had a <i>lith</i> in their
+    neck'&mdash;he taught kings they had a <i>joint</i> in their necks. Jamie then
+    set to mediating between his father and the philosopher, and availing
+    himself of the judge's sense of hospitality, which was punctilious,
+    reduced the debate to more order. WALTER SCOTT. Paoli had visited
+    Auchinleck. Boswell wrote to Garrick on Sept. 18, 1771:&mdash;'I have just
+    been enjoying the very great happiness of a visit from my illustrious
+    friend, Pascal Paoli. He was two nights at Auchinleck, and you may
+    figure the joy of my worthy father and me at seeing the Corsican hero in
+    our romantic groves.' <i>Garrick Corres</i>. i. 436. Johnson was not blind to
+    Cromwell's greatness, for he says (<i>Works</i>, vii. 197), that 'he wanted
+    nothing to raise him to heroick excellence but virtue.' Lord
+    Auchinleck's famous saying had been anticipated by Quin, who, according
+    to Davies (<i>Life of Garrick</i>, ii. 115), had said that 'on a thirtieth of
+    January every king in Europe would rise with a crick in his neck.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1040">[1040]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 252.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1041">[1041]</a> James Durham, born 1622, died 1658, wrote many theological works.
+    Chalmers's <i>Biog. Dict</i>. In the <i>Brit. Mus. Cata</i>. I can find no work by
+    him on the <i>Galatians</i>; Lord Auchinleck's triumph therefore was, it
+    seems, more artful than honest.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1042">[1042]</a> Gray, it should seem, had given the name earlier. His friend
+    Bonstetten says that about the year 1769 he was walking with him, when
+    Gray 'exclaimed with some bitterness, "Look, look, Bonstetten! the great
+    bear! There goes <i>Ursa Major</i>!" This was Johnson. Gray could not abide
+    him.' Sir Egerton Brydges, quoted in Gosse's <i>Gray</i>, iii. 371. For the
+    epithet <i>bear</i> applied to Johnson see <i>ante</i>, ii. 66, 269, note i, and
+    iv. 113, note 2. Boswell wrote on June 19, 1775:&mdash;'My father harps on my
+    going over Scotland with a brute (think, how shockingly erroneous!), and
+    wandering (or some such phrase) to London.' <i>Letters of Boswell</i>,
+    p. 207.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1043">[1043]</a> It is remarkable that Johnson in his <i>Life of Blackmore</i>
+    [<i>Works</i>, viii. 42] calls the imaginary Mr. Johnson of the <i>Lay
+    Monastery</i> 'a constellation of excellence.' CROKER.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1044">[1044]</a> Page 121. BOSWELL. See also <i>ante</i>, iii. 336.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1045">[1045]</a> 'The late Sir Alexander Boswell,' wrote Sir Walter Scott, 'was a
+    proud man, and, like his grandfather, thought that his father lowered
+    himself by his deferential suit and service to Johnson. I have observed
+    he disliked any allusion to the book or to Johnson himself, and I have
+    heard that Johnson's fine picture by Sir Joshua was sent upstairs out of
+    the sitting apartments at Auchinleck.' <i>Croker Corres</i>. ii. 32. This
+    portrait, which was given by Sir Joshua to Boswell (Taylor's <i>Reynolds</i>,
+    i. 147), is now in the possession of Mr. Charles Morrison.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1046">[1046]</a> 'I have always said that first Whig was the devil.' <i>Ante</i>, iii. 326
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1047">[1047]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 26.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1048">[1048]</a> Dr. A. Carlyle (<i>Auto</i>. p. 266) has paid this tribute. 'Lord
+    Elibank,' he writes, 'had a mind that embraced the greatest variety of
+    topics, and produced the most original remarks. ... He had been a
+    lieutenant-colonel in the army and was at the siege of Carthagena, of
+    which he left an elegant account (which I'm afraid is lost). He was a
+    Jacobite, and a member of the famous Cocoa-tree Club, and resigned his
+    commission on some disgust.' Dr. Robertson and John Home were his
+    neighbours in the country, 'who made him change or soften down many of
+    his original opinions, and prepared him for becoming a most agreeable
+    member of the Literary Society of Edinburgh.' Smollett in <i>Humphry
+    Clinker</i> (Letter of July 18), describes him as 'a nobleman whom I have
+    long revered for his humanity and universal intelligence, over and above
+    the entertainment arising from the originality of his character.'
+    Boswell, in the <i>London Mag.</i> 1779, p. 179, thus mentions the Cocoa-tree
+    Club:&mdash;'But even at Court, though I see much external obeisance, I do
+    not find congenial sentiments to warm my heart; and except when I have
+    the conversation of a very few select friends, I am never so well as
+    when I sit down to a dish of coffee in the Cocoa Tree, sacred of old to
+    loyalty, look round me to men of ancient families, and please myself
+    with the consolatory thought that there is perhaps more good in the
+    nation than I know.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1049">[1049]</a> Johnson's <i>Works</i>, vii. 380. See <i>ante</i>, i. 81.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1050">[1050]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 53.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1051">[1051]</a> The Mitre tavern. <i>Ante</i>, i. 425.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1052">[1052]</a> Of this Earl of Kelly Boswell records the following pun:&mdash;'At a
+    dinner at Mr. Crosbie's, when the company were very merry, the Rev. Dr.
+    Webster told them he was sorry to go away so early, but was obliged to
+    catch the tide, to cross the Firth of Forth. "Better stay a little,"
+    said Thomas Earl of Kelly, "till you be half-seas over."' Rogers's
+    <i>Boswelliana</i>, p. 325.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1053">[1053]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 354.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1054">[1054]</a> In the first edition, <i>and his son the advocate</i>. Under this son,
+    A. F. Tytler, afterwards a Lord of Session by the title of Lord
+    Woodhouselee, Scott studied history at Edinburgh College. Lockhart's
+    <i>Scott</i>, ed. 1839, i. 59, 278.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1055">[1055]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 396, and ii. 296.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1056">[1056]</a> 'If we know little of the ancient Highlanders, let us not fill
+    the vacuity with Ossian. If we have not searched the Magellanick
+    regions, let us however forbear to people them with Patagons.' Johnson's
+    <i>Works</i>, ix. 116. Horace Walpole wrote on May 22, 1766 (<i>Letters</i>, iv.
+    500):&mdash;'Oh! but we have discovered a race of giants! Captain Byron has
+    found a nation of Brobdignags on the coast of Patagonia; the inhabitants
+    on foot taller than he and his men on horseback. I don't indeed know how
+    he and his sailors came to be riding in the South Seas. However, it is a
+    terrible blow to the Irish, for I suppose all our dowagers now will be
+    for marrying Patagonians.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1057">[1057]</a> I desire not to be understood as agreeing <i>entirely</i> with the
+    opinions of Dr. Johnson, which I relate without any remark. The many
+    imitations, however, of <i>Fingal</i>, that have been published, confirm this
+    observation in a considerable degree. BOSWELL. Johnson said to Sir
+    Joshua of Ossian:&mdash;'Sir, a man might write such stuff for ever, if he
+    would <i>abandon</i> his mind to it.' <i>Ante</i>, iv. 183.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1058">[1058]</a> In the first edition (p. 485) this paragraph ran thus:&mdash;'Young
+    Mr. Tytler stepped briskly forward, and said, "<i>Fingal</i> is certainly
+    genuine; for I have heard a great part of it repeated in the
+    original."&mdash;Dr. Johnson indignantly asked him, "Sir, do you understand
+    the original?"&mdash;<i>Tytler</i>. "No, Sir."&mdash;<i>Johnson</i>. "Why, then, we see to
+    what this testimony comes:&mdash;Thus it is."&mdash;He afterwards said to me, "Did
+    you observe the wonderful confidence with which young Tytler advanced,
+    with his front already <i>brased</i>?"'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1059">[1059]</a> For <i>in company</i> we should perhaps read <i>in the company</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1060">[1060]</a> In the first edition, <i>this gentleman's talents and integrity
+    are</i>, &amp;c.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1061">[1061]</a> 'A Scotchman must be a very sturdy moralist who does not love
+    Scotland better than truth: he will always love it better than inquiry;
+    and if falsehood flatters his vanity, will not be very diligent to
+    detect it.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 116. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 311.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1062">[1062]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 164.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1063">[1063]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 242.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1064">[1064]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 253.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1065">[1065]</a> Lord Chief Baron Geoffrey Gilbert published in 1760 a book on the
+    Law of Evidence.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1066">[1066]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 302.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1067">[1067]</a> Three instances, <i>ante</i>, pp. 160, 320.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1068">[1068]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 318.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1069">[1069]</a> An instance is given in Sacheverell's <i>Account of the Isle of
+    Man</i>, ed. 1702, p. 14.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1070">[1070]</a> Mr. J. T. Clark, the Keeper of the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh,
+    obligingly informs me that in the margin of the copy of Boswell's
+    <i>Journal</i> in that Library it is stated that this cause was <i>Wilson
+    versus Maclean</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1071">[1071]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 74, note 3.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1072">[1072]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii 69, 183.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1073">[1073]</a> He is described in <i>Guy Mannering</i>, ed. 1860, iv. 98.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1074">[1074]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 50.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1075">[1075]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 458.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1076">[1076]</a> 'We now observe that the Methodists, where they scatter their
+    opinions, represent themselves as preaching the Gospel to unconverted
+    nations; and enthusiasts of all kinds have been inclined to disguise
+    their particular tenets with pompous appellations, and to imagine
+    themselves the great instruments of salvation.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>,
+    vi. 417.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1077">[1077]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Through various hazards and events we move.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Dryden, [<i>Aeneid</i>, I. 204]. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1078">[1078]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Long labours both by sea and land he bore.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Dryden, [<i>Aeneid</i>, I. 3]. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1079">[1079]</a> The Jesuits, headed by Francis Xavier, made their appearance in
+    Japan in 1549. The first persecution was in 1587; it was followed by
+    others in 1590, 1597, 1637, 1638. <i>Encyclo. Brit</i>. 8th edit. xii. 697.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1080">[1080]</a> 'They congratulate our return as if we had been with Phipps or
+    Banks; I am ashamed of their salutations.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 203.
+    Phipps had gone this year to the Arctic Ocean (<i>ante</i>, p. 236), and
+    Banks had accompanied Captain Cook in 1768-1771. Johnson says however
+    (<i>Works</i>, ix. 84), that 'to the southern inhabitants of Scotland the
+    state of the mountains and the islands is equally unknown with that of
+    Borneo or Sumatra.' See <i>ante</i>, p. 283, note 1, where Scott says that
+    'the whole expedition was highly perilous.' Smollett, in <i>Humphry
+    Clinker</i> (Letter of July 18), says of Scotland in general:&mdash;'The people
+    at the other end of the island know as little of Scotland as of Japan.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1081">[1081]</a> In sailing from Sky to Col. <i>Ante</i>, p. 280.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1082">[1082]</a> Johnson, four years later, suggested to Boswell that he should
+    write this history. <i>Ante</i>, iii. 162, 414.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1083">[1083]</a> Voltaire was born in 1694; his <i>Louis XIV.</i> was published in 1751
+    or 1752.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1084">[1084]</a> A society for debate in Edinburgh, consisting of the most eminent
+    men. BOSWELL. It was founded in 1754 by Allan Ramsay the painter, aided
+    by Robertson, Hume, and Smith. Dugald Stewart (<i>Life of Robertson</i>, ed.
+    1802, p. 5) says that 'it subsisted in vigour for six or seven years'
+    and produced debates, such as have not often been heard in modern
+    assemblies.' See also Dr. A. Carlyle's <i>Auto</i>. p. 297.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1085">[1085]</a> 'As for Maclaurin's imitation of a <i>made dish</i>, it was a wretched
+    attempt.' <i>Ante,</i> i. 469.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1086">[1086]</a> It was of Lord Elibank's French cook 'that he exclaimed with
+    vehemence, "I'd throw such a rascal into the river."'<i>Ib.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1087">[1087]</a> 'He praised <i>Gordon's palates</i> with a warmth of expression which
+    might have done honour to more important subjects.' <i>Ib.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1088">[1088]</a> For the alarm he gave to Mrs. Boswell before this supper, see
+    <i>ib.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1089">[1089]</a> On Dr. Boswell's death, in 1780, Boswell wrote of him:&mdash;'He was a
+    very good scholar, knew a great many things, had an elegant taste, and
+    was very affectionate; but he had no conduct. His money was all gone.
+    And do you know he was not confined to one woman. He had a strange kind
+    of religion; but I flatter myself he will be ere long, if he is not
+    already, in Heaven.' <i>Letters of Boswell</i>, p. 258.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1090">[1090]</a> Johnson had written the <i>Life</i> of 'the great Boerhaave,' as he
+    called him. <i>Works</i>, vi. 292.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1091">[1091]</a> 'At Edinburgh,' he wrote, 'I passed some days with men of
+    learning, whose names want no advancement from my commemoration, or with
+    women of elegance, which, perhaps, disclaims a pedant's praise.'
+    Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 159.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1092">[1092]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 178.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1093">[1093]</a> 'My acquaintance,' wrote Richardson (<i>Corres</i>. iv. 317), 'lies
+    chiefly among the ladies; I care not who knows it.' Mrs. Piozzi, in a
+    marginal note on her own copy of the <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, says:&mdash;'Dr.
+    Johnson said, that if Mr. Richardson had lived till <i>I</i> came out, my
+    praises would have added two or three years to his life. "For," says Dr.
+    Johnson, "that fellow died merely from want of change among his
+    flatterers: he perished for want of <i>more</i>, like a man obliged to
+    breathe the same air till it is exhausted."' Hayward's <i>Piozzi</i>, i. 311.
+    In her <i>Journey</i>, i. 265, she says:&mdash;'Richardson had seen little, and
+    Johnson has often told me that he had read little.' See <i>ante</i>, iv. 28.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1094">[1094]</a> He may live like a gentleman, but he must not 'call himself
+    <i>Farmer</i>, and go about with a little round hat.' <i>Ante</i>, p. 111.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1095">[1095]</a> Boswell italicises this word, I think, because Johnson objected
+    to the misuse of it. '"Sir," said Mr. Edwards, "I remember you would not
+    let us say <i>prodigious</i> at college."' <i>Ante</i>, iii. 303.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1096">[1096]</a> As I have been scrupulously exact in relating anecdotes
+    concerning other persons, I shall not withhold any part of this story,
+    however ludicrous.&mdash;I was so successful in this boyish frolick, that the
+    universal cry of the galleries was, '<i>Encore</i> the cow! <i>Encore</i> the
+    cow!' In the pride of my heart, I attempted imitations of some other
+    animals, but with very inferior effect. My reverend friend, anxious for
+    my <i>fame</i>, with an air of the utmost gravity and earnestness, addressed
+    me thus: 'My dear sir, I would <i>confine</i> myself to the <i>cow</i>.' BOSWELL.
+    Blair's advice was expressed more emphatically, and with a peculiar
+    <i>burr</i>&mdash;'<i>Stick to the cow</i>, mon.' WALTER SCOTT. Boswell's record, which
+    moreover is far more humorous, is much more trustworthy than Scott's
+    tradition.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1097">[1097]</a> Mme. de Sévigné in describing a death wrote:&mdash;'Cela nous fit voir
+    qu'on joue long-temps la comédie, et qu'à la mort on dit la vérité.'
+    Letter of June 24, 1672. Addison says:&mdash;'The end of a man's life is
+    often compared to the winding up of a well-written play, where the
+    principal persons still act in character, whatever the fate is which
+    they undergo.... That innocent mirth which had been so conspicuous in
+    Sir Thomas More's life did not forsake him to the last. His death was of
+    a piece with his life. There was nothing in it new, forced, or
+    affected.' <i>The Spectator</i>, No. 349. Young also thought, or at least,
+    wrote differently.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'A death-bed's a detector of the heart.
+      Here tired dissimulation drops her mask.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>Night Thoughts, ii.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    '"Mirabeau dramatized his death" was the happy expression of the Bishop
+    of Autun (Talleyrand).' Dumont's <i>Mirabeau</i>, p. 251. See <i>ante</i>,
+    iii. 154.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1098">[1098]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 408, 447; and ii. 219, 329.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1099">[1099]</a> Dr. A. Carlyle (<i>Auto</i>. p. 291) says of Blair's conversation that
+    'it was so infantine that many people thought it impossible, at first
+    sight, that he could be a man of sense or genius. He was as eager about
+    a new paper to his wife's drawing-room, or his own new wig, as about a
+    new tragedy or a new epic poem.' He adds, that he was 'capable of the
+    most profound conversation, when circumstances led to it. He had not the
+    least desire to shine, but was delighted beyond measure to shew other
+    people in their best guise to his friends. "Did not I shew you the lion
+    well to-day?" used he to say after the exhibition of a remarkable
+    stranger.' He had no wit, and for humour hardly a relish. Robertson's
+    reputation for wisdom may have been easily won. Dr. A. Carlyle says
+    (<i>ib</i>. p. 287):&mdash;'Robertson's translations and paraphrases on other
+    people's thoughts were so beautiful and so harmless that I never saw
+    anybody lay claim to their own.' He may have flattered Johnson by
+    dexterously echoing his sentiments.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1100">[1100]</a> In the <i>Marmor Norfolciense (ante</i>, i. 141) Johnson says:&mdash;'I
+    know that the knowledge of the alphabet is so disreputable among these
+    gentlemen [of the army], that those who have by ill-fortune formerly
+    been taught it have partly forgot it by disuse, and partly concealed it
+    from the world, to avoid the railleries and insults to which their
+    education might make them liable.' Johnson's <i>Works,</i> vi. III. See
+    <i>ante</i>, iii. 265.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1101">[1101]</a> 'One of the young ladies had her slate before her, on which I
+    wrote a question consisting of three figures to be multiplied by two
+    figures. She looked upon it, and quivering her fingers in a manner which
+    I thought very pretty, but of which I knew not whether it was art or
+    play, multiplied the sum regularly in two lines, observing the decimal
+    place; but did not add the two lines together, probably disdaining so
+    easy an operation.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 161.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1102">[1102]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Words gigantic.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    FRANCIS. Horace, <i>Ars Poet.</i>. 1. 97.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1103">[1103]</a> One of the best criticks of our age 'does not wish to prevent the
+    admirers of the incorrect and nerveless style which generally prevailed
+    for a century before Dr. Johnson's energetick writings were known, from
+    enjoying the laugh that this story may produce, in which he is very
+    ready to join them.' He, however, requests me to observe, that 'my
+    friend very properly chose a <i>long</i> word on this occasion, not, it is
+    believed, from any predilection for polysyllables, (though he certainly
+    had a due respect for them,) but in order to put Mr. Braidwood's skill
+    to the strictest test, and to try the efficacy of his instruction by the
+    most difficult exertion of the organs of his pupils.' BOSWELL. 'One of
+    the best critics of our age' is, I believe, Malone. See <i>ante</i>, p.
+    78, note 5.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1104">[1104]</a> It was here that Lord Auchinleck called him <i>Ursa Major. Ante</i>,
+    p. 384.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1105">[1105]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 266, and v. 20, where 'Mr. Crosbie said that the
+    English are better animals than the Scots.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1106">[1106]</a> Johnson himself had laughed at them (<i>ante</i>, ii. 210) and accused
+    them of foppery (<i>ante</i>, ii. 237).
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1107">[1107]</a> Johnson said, 'I never think I have hit hard, unless it rebounds
+    (<i>ante</i>, ii. 335), and, 'I would rather be attacked than unnoticed'
+    (<i>ante</i>, iii. 375). When he was told of a caricature 'of the nine muses
+    flogging him round Parnassus,' he said, 'Sir, I am very glad to hear
+    this. I hope the day will never arrive when I shall neither be the
+    object of calumny or ridicule, for then I shall be neglected and
+    forgotten.' Croker's <i>Boswell</i>, p. 837. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 61, and pp. 174,
+    273. 'There was much laughter when M. de Lesseps mentioned that on his
+    first visit to England the publisher who brought out the report of his
+    meeting charged, as the first item of his bill, "£50 for attacking the
+    book in order to make it succeed." "Since then," observed M. de Lesseps,
+    "I have been attacked gratuitously, and have got on without paying."'
+    The Times, Feb. 19, 1884.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1108">[1108]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'To wing my flight to fame.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    DRYDEN. Virgil, <i>Georgics</i>, iii. 9.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1109">[1109]</a> On Nov. 12 he wrote to Mrs. Thrale:&mdash;'We came hither (to
+    Edinburgh) on the ninth of this month. I long to come under your care,
+    but for some days cannot decently get away.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 202.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1110">[1110]</a> He would have been astonished had he known that a few miles from
+    Edinburgh he had passed through two villages of serfs. The coal-hewers
+    and salt-makers of Tranent and Preston-Pans were still sold with the
+    soil. 'In Scotland domestic slavery is unknown, except so far as regards
+    the coal-hewers and salt-makers, whose condition, it must be confessed,
+    bears some resemblance to slavery; because all who have once acted in
+    either of the capacities are compellable to serve, and fixed to their
+    respective places of employment during life.' Hargrave's <i>Argument in
+    the case of James Sommersett</i>, 1772. Had Johnson known this he might
+    have given as his toast when in company with some very grave men at
+    <i>Edinburgh</i>:&mdash;'Here's to the next insurrection of the slaves in
+    <i>Scotland</i>.' <i>Ante</i>, iii. 200.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1111">[1111]</a> The year following in the House of Commons he railed at the
+    London booksellers, 'who, he positively asserted, entirely governed the
+    newspapers.' 'For his part,' he added, 'he had ordered that no English
+    newspaper should come within his doors for three months.' <i>Parl. Hist</i>.
+    xvii. 1090.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1112">[1112]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 373.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1113">[1113]</a> 'At the latter end of 1630 Ben Jonson went on foot into Scotland,
+    on purpose to visit Drummond. His adventures in this journey he wrought
+    into a poem; but that copy, with many other pieces, was accidentally
+    burned.' Whalley's <i>Ben Jonson</i>, Preface, p. xlvi.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1114">[1114]</a> Perhaps the same woman showed the chapel who was there 29 years
+    later, when Scott visited it. One of his friends 'hoped that they might,
+    as habitual visitors, escape hearing the usual endless story of the
+    silly old woman that showed the ruins'; but Scott answered, 'There is a
+    pleasure in the song which none but the songstress knows, and by telling
+    her we know it all ready we should make the poor devil unhappy.'
+    Lockharts <i>Scott</i>, ed. 1839, ii. 106.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1115">[1115]</a> <i> O rare Ben Jonson</i> is on Jonson's tomb in Westminster Abbey.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1116">[1116]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 365.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1117">[1117]</a> 'Essex was at that time confined to the same chamber of the Tower
+    from which his father Lord Capel had been led to death, and in which his
+    wife's grandfather had inflicted a voluntary death upon himself. When he
+    saw his friend carried to what he reckoned certain fate, their common
+    enemies enjoying the spectacle, and reflected that it was he who had
+    forced Lord Howard upon the confidence of Russel, he retired, and, by a
+    <i>Roman death</i>, put an end to his misery.' Dalrymple's <i>Memoirs of Great
+    Britain and Ireland</i>, vol. i. p. 36. BOSWELL. In the original after 'his
+    wife's grandfather,' is added 'Lord Northumberland.' It was his wife's
+    great-grandfather, the eighth Earl of Northumberland. He killed himself
+    in 1585. Burke's <i>Peerage</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1118">[1118]</a> Dr. A. Carlyle (<i>Auto</i>. p. 293) says of Robertson and
+    Blair:&mdash;'Having been bred at a time when the common people thought to
+    play with cards or dice was a sin, and everybody thought it an indecorum
+    in clergymen, they could neither of them play at golf or bowls, and far
+    less at cards or backgammon, and on that account were very unhappy when
+    from home in friends' houses in the country in rainy weather. As I had
+    set the first example of playing at cards at home with unlocked door
+    [Carlyle was a minister], and so relieved the clergy from ridicule on
+    that side, they both learned to play at whist after they were sixty.'
+    See <i>ante</i>, iii. 23.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1119">[1119]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 149, and v. 350.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1120">[1120]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 54.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1121">[1121]</a> He wrote to Boswell on Nov. 16, 1776 (<i>ante</i>, iii. 93):&mdash;'The
+    expedition to the Hebrides was the most pleasant journey that I ever
+    made.' In his <i>Diary</i> he recorded on Jan. 9, 1774:&mdash;'In the autumn I
+    took a journey to the Hebrides, but my mind was not free from
+    perturbation.' <i>Pr. and Med.</i> p. 136. The following letter to Dr. Taylor
+    I have copied from the original in the possession of my friend Mr. M. M.
+    Holloway:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+    'DEAR SIR,
+</center>
+<p>
+    'When I was at Edinburgh I had a letter from you, telling me that in
+    answer to some enquiry you were informed that I was in the Sky. I was
+    then I suppose in the western islands of Scotland; I set out on the
+    northern expedition August 6, and came back to Fleet-street, November
+    26. I have seen a new region.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I have been upon seven of the islands, and probably should have visited
+    many more, had we not begun our journey so late in the year, that the
+    stormy weather came upon us, and the storms have I believe for about
+    five months hardly any intermission.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Your Letter told me that you were better. When you write do not forget
+    to confirm that account. I had very little ill health while I was on the
+    journey, and bore rain and wind tolerably well. I had a cold and
+    deafness only for a few days, and those days I passed at a good house. I
+    have traversed the east coast of Scotland from south to north from
+    Edinburgh to Inverness, and the west coast from north to south, from the
+    Highlands to Glasgow, and am come back as I went,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Sir,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Your affectionate humble servant,
+</p>
+<center>
+    'SAM. JOHNSON.'
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Jan. 15, 1774.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'To the Reverend Dr. Taylor,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'in Ashbourn,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Derbyshire.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1122">[1122]</a> Johnson speaking of this tour on April 10, 1783, said:&mdash;'I got an
+    acquisition of more ideas by it than by anything that I remember.'
+    <i>Ante</i>, iv. 199.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1123">[1123]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 48.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1124">[1124]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 408, 443, note 2, and ii. 303.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1125">[1125]</a> 'It may be doubted whether before the Union any man between
+    Edinburgh and England had ever set a tree.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 8.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1126">[1126]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 69.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1127">[1127]</a> Lord Balmerino's estate was forfeited to the Crown on his
+    conviction for high treason in 1746 (<i>ante</i>, i. 180).
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1128">[1128]</a> 'I know not that I ever heard the wind so loud in any other
+    place; and Mr. Boswell observed that its noise was all its own, for
+    there were no trees to increase it.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 122. See
+    <i>ante</i>, p. 304.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1129">[1129]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 300.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1130">[1130]</a> 'Strong reasons for incredulity will readily occur. This faculty
+    of seeing things out of sight is local and commonly useless. It is a
+    breach of the common order of things, without any visible reason or
+    perceptible benefit.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 106.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1131">[1131]</a> 'To the confidence of these objections it may be replied... that
+    second sight is only wonderful because it is rare, for, considered in
+    itself, it involves no more difficulty than dreams.' <i>Ib.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1132">[1132]</a> The fossilist of last century is the geologist of this. Neither
+    term is in Johnson's <i>Dictionary</i>, but Johnson in his <i>Journey (Works</i>,
+    ix. 43) speaks of 'Mr. Janes the fossilist.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1133">[1133]</a> <i>Ib</i>. p. 157.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1134">[1134]</a> <i>Ib</i>. p. 6. I do not see anything silly in the story. It is
+    however better told in a letter to Mrs. Thrale. <i>Piozzi Letters</i>,
+    i. 112.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1135">[1135]</a> Mr. Orme, one of the ablest historians of this age, is of the
+    same opinion. He said to me, 'There are in that book thoughts, which, by
+    long revolution in the great mind of Johnson, have been formed and
+    polished&mdash;like pebbles rolled in the ocean.' BOSWELL. See <i>ante</i>, ii.
+    300, and iii. 284.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1136">[1136]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 301.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1137">[1137]</a> Johnson (<i>Works</i>, ix. 158) mentions 'a national combination so
+    invidious that their friends cannot defend it.' See <i>ante</i>, ii. 307, 311.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1138">[1138]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 269, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1139">[1139]</a> Every reader will, I am sure, join with me in warm admiration of
+    the truly patriotic writer of this letter. I know not which most to
+    applaud&mdash;that good sense and liberality of mind, which could see and
+    admit the defects of his native country, to which no man is a more
+    zealous friend:&mdash;or that candour, which induced him to give just praise
+    to the minister whom he honestly and strenuously opposed. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1140">[1140]</a> The original MS. is now in my possession. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1141">[1141]</a> The passage that gave offence was as follows:&mdash;'Mr. Macleod is
+    the proprietor of the islands of Raasay, Rona, and Fladda, and possesses
+    an extensive district in Sky. The estate has not during four hundred
+    years gained or lost a single acre. He acknowledges Macleod of Dunvegan
+    as his chief, though his ancestors have formerly disputed the
+    pre-eminence.' First edition, p. 132. The second edition was not
+    published till the year after Johnson's death. In it the passage remains
+    unchanged. To it the following note was prefixed: 'Strand, Oct. 26,
+    1785. Since this work was printed off, the publisher, having been
+    informed that the author some years ago had promised the Laird of Raasay
+    to correct in a future edition a passage concerning him, thinks it a
+    justice due to that gentleman to insert here the advertisement relative
+    to this matter, which was published by Dr. Johnson's desire in the
+    Edinburgh newspapers in the year 1775, and which has been lately
+    reprinted in Mr. Boswell's <i>Tour to the Hebrides</i>.' (It is not unlikely
+    that the publication of Boswell's <i>Tour</i> occasioned a fresh demand for
+    Johnson's <i>Journey</i>.) In later editions all the words after 'a single
+    acre' are silently struck out. Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 55. See
+    <i>ante</i>, ii. 382.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1142">[1142]</a> Rasay was highly gratified, and afterwards visited and dined with
+    Dr. Johnson at his house in London. BOSWELL. Johnson wrote on May 12,
+    1775:&mdash;'I have offended; and what is stranger, have justly offended, the
+    nation of Rasay. If they could come hither, they would be as fierce as
+    the Americans. <i>Rasay</i> has written to Boswell an account of the injury
+    done him by representing his house as subordinate to that of Dunvegan.
+    Boswell has his letter, and, I believe, copied my answer. I have
+    appeased him, if a degraded chief can possibly be appeased: but it will
+    be thirteen days&mdash;days of resentment and discontent&mdash;before my
+    recantation can reach him. Many a dirk will imagination, during that
+    interval, fix in my heart. I really question if at this time my life
+    would not be in danger, if distance did not secure it. Boswell will find
+    his way to Streatham before he goes, and will detail this great affair.'
+    <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 216.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1143">[1143]</a> In like manner he communicated to Sir William Forbes part of his
+    journal from which he made the <i>Life of Johnson</i>. <i>Ante</i>, iii. 208.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1144">[1144]</a> In justice both to Sir William Forbes, and myself, it is proper
+    to mention, that the papers which were submitted to his perusal
+    contained only an account of our Tour from the time that Dr. Johnson and
+    I set out from Edinburgh (p. 58), and consequently did not contain the
+    elogium on Sir William Forbes, (p. 24), which he never saw till this
+    book appeared in print; nor did he even know, when he wrote the above
+    letter, that this <i>Journal</i> was to be published. BOSWELL. This note is
+    not in the first edition.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1145">[1145]</a> <i>Hamlet</i>, act iii. sc. 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1146">[1146]</a> Both <i>Nonpareil</i> and <i>Bon Chretien</i> are in Johnson's
+    <i>Dictionary</i>; <i>Nonpareil</i>, is defined as <i>a kind of apple</i>, and <i>Bon
+    Chretien</i> as <i>a species of pear</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1147">[1147]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 311.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1148">[1148]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 9.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1149">[1149]</a> 'Dryden's contemporaries, however they reverenced his genius,
+    left his life unwritten; and nothing therefore can be known beyond what
+    casual mention and uncertain tradition have supplied.' Johnson's
+    <i>Works</i>, vii. 245. See <i>ante</i>, iii. 71.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1150">[1150]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Before great Agamemnon reign'd
+      Reign'd kings as great as he, and brave
+      Whose huge ambition's now contain'd
+      In the small compass of a grave;
+      In endless night they sleep, unwept, unknown,
+      No bard had they to make all time their own.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    FRANCIS. Horace, <i>Odes</i>, iv. 9. 25.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1151">[1151]</a> Having found, on a revision of the first edition of this work,
+    that, notwithstanding my best care, a few observations had escaped me,
+    which arose from the instant impression, the publication of which might
+    perhaps be considered as passing the bounds of a strict decorum, I
+    immediately ordered that they should be omitted in the subsequent
+    editions. I was pleased to find that they did not amount in the whole to
+    a page. If any of the same kind are yet left, it is owing to
+    inadvertence alone, no man being more unwilling to give pain to others
+    than I am.
+</p>
+<p>
+    A contemptible scribbler, of whom I have learned no more than that,
+    after having disgraced and deserted the clerical character, he picks up
+    in London a scanty livelihood by scurrilous lampoons under a feigned
+    name, has impudently and falsely asserted that the passages omitted were
+    <i>defamatory</i>, and that the omission was not voluntary, but compulsory.
+    The last insinuation I took the trouble publickly to disprove; yet, like
+    one of Pope's dunces, he persevered in 'the lie o'erthrown.' [<i>Prologue
+    to the Satires</i>, l. 350.] As to the charge of defamation, there is an
+    obvious and certain mode of refuting it. Any person who thinks it worth
+    while to compare one edition with the other, will find that the passages
+    omitted were not in the least degree of that nature, but exactly such as
+    I have represented them in the former part of this note, the hasty
+    effusion of momentary feelings, which the delicacy of politeness should
+    have suppressed. BOSWELL. In the second edition this note ended at the
+    first paragraph, the latter part being added in the third. For the 'few
+    observations omitted' see <i>ante</i>, pp. 148, 381, 388.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The 'contemptible scribbler' was, I believe, John Wolcot, better known
+    by his assumed name of Peter Pindar. He had been a clergyman. In his
+    <i>Epistle to Boswell (Works</i>, i. 219), he says in reference to the
+    passages about Sir A. Macdonald (afterwards Lord Macdonald):&mdash;'A letter
+    of severe remonstrance was sent to Mr. B., who, in consequence, omitted
+    in the second edition of his <i>Journal</i> what is so generally pleasing to
+    the public, viz., the scandalous passages relative to that nobleman.' It
+    was in a letter to the <i>Gent. Mag.</i> 1786, p. 285, that Boswell
+    'publickly disproved the insinuation' made 'in a late scurrilous
+    publication' that these passages 'were omitted in consequence of a
+    letter from his Lordship. Nor was any application,' he continues, 'made
+    to me by the nobleman alluded to at any time to make any alteration in
+    my <i>Journal</i>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1152">[1152]</a>
+</>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+         'Nothing extenuate
+     Nor set down aught in malice.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>Othello</i>, act v. sc. 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1153">[1153]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 189, note 2, 296, 297; and Johnson's <i>Works</i>, v. 23.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1154">[1154]</a> Of his two imitations Boswell means <i>The Vanity of Human Wishes</i>,
+    of which one hundred lines were written in a day. <i>Ante</i>, i. 192,
+    and ii. 15.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1155">[1155]</a> Johnson, it should seem, did not allow that there was any
+    pleasure in writing poetry. 'It has been said there is pleasure in
+    writing, particularly in writing verses. I allow you may have pleasure
+    from writing after it is over, if you have written well; but you don't
+    go willingly to it again.' <i>Ante</i>, iv. 219. What Johnson always sought
+    was to sufficiently occupy the mind. So long as that was done, that
+    labour would, I believe, seem to him the pleasanter which required the
+    less thought.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1156">[1156]</a> Nathan Bailey published his <i>English Dictionary</i> in 1721.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1157">[1157]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Woolston, the scourge of scripture, mark with awe!
+      And mighty Jacob, blunderbuss of law.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>The Dunciad</i>, first ed., bk. iii. l. 149. Giles Jacob published a <i>Law
+    Dictionary</i> in 1729.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1158">[1158]</a> <i>Ante</i>, p. 393.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1159">[1159]</a> A writer in the <i>Gent. Mag.</i> 1786, p. 388, with some reason
+    says:&mdash;'I heartily wish Mr. Boswell would get this Latin poem translated.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1160">[1160]</a> Boswell, briefly mentioning the tour which Johnson made to Wales
+    in the year 1774 with Mr. and Mrs. Thrale, says:&mdash;'I do not find that
+    he kept any journal or notes of what he saw there' (<i>ante</i>, ii. 285). A
+    journal had been kept however, which in 1816 was edited and published by
+    Mr. Duppa. Mrs. Piozzi, writing in October of that year, says that three
+    years earlier she had been shewn the MS. by a Mr. White, and that it was
+    genuine. 'The gentleman who possessed it seemed shy of letting me read
+    the whole, and did not, as it appeared, like being asked how it came
+    into his hands.' Hayward's <i>Piozzi</i>, ii. 177. According to Mr. Croker
+    (Croker's <i>Boswell</i>, p. 415) 'it was preserved by Johnson's servant,
+    Barber. How it escaped Boswell's research is not known.' A fragment of
+    Johnson's <i>Annals</i>, also preserved by Barber, had in like manner never
+    been seen by Boswell; <i>ante</i>, i. 35, note 1. The editor of these
+    <i>Annals</i> says (Preface, p. v):&mdash;'Francis Barber, unwilling that all the
+    MSS. of his illustrious master should be utterly lost, preserved these
+    relicks from the flames. By purchase from Barber's widow they came into
+    the possession of the editor.' It seems likely that Barber was afraid to
+    own what he had done; though as he was the residuary legatee he was safe
+    from all consequences, unless the executors of the will who were to hold
+    the residue of the estate in trust for him had chosen to proceed against
+    him. Mr. Duppa in editing this Journal received assistance from Mrs.
+    Piozzi, 'who,' he says (Preface, p. xi), 'explained many facts which
+    could not otherwise have been understood.' A passage in one of her
+    letters dated Bath, Oct. 11, 1816, shows how unfriendly were the
+    relations between her and her eldest daughter, Johnson's Queeny, who had
+    married Admiral Lord Keith. 'I am sadly afraid,' she writes, 'of Lady
+    K.'s being displeased, and fancying I promoted this publication. Could I
+    have caught her for a quarter-of-an-hour, I should have proved my
+    innocence, and might have shown her Duppa's letter; but she left neither
+    note, card, nor message, and when my servant ran to all the inns in
+    chase of her, he learned that she had left the White Hart at twelve
+    o'clock. Vexatious! but it can't be helped. I hope the pretty little
+    girl my people saw with her will pay her more tender attention.' Three
+    days later she wrote:&mdash;'Johnson's <i>Diary</i> is selling rapidly, though the
+    contents are <i>bien maigre</i>, I must confess. Mr. Duppa has politely
+    suppressed some sarcastic expressions about my family, the Cottons, whom
+    we visited at Combermere, and at Lleweney.' Hayward's <i>Piozzi</i>, ii.
+    176-9. Mr. Croker in 1835 was able to make 'a collation of the original
+    MS., which has supplied many corrections and some omissions in Mr.
+    Duppa's text.' Mr. Croker's text I have generally followed.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1161">[1161]</a> 'When I went with Johnson to Lichfield, and came down to
+    breakfast at the inn, my dress did not please him, and he made me alter
+    it entirely before he would stir a step with us about the town, saying
+    most satirical things concerning the appearance I made in a
+    riding-habit; and adding, "'Tis very strange that such eyes as yours
+    cannot discern propriety of dress; if I had a sight only half as good, I
+    think I should see to the centre."' Piozzi's <i>Anec</i>. p. 288.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1162">[1162]</a> For Mrs. (Miss) Porter, Mrs. (Miss) Aston, Mr. Green, Mrs. Cobb,
+    Mr. (Peter) Garrick, Miss Seward, and Dr. Taylor, see <i>ante</i>,
+    ii. 462-473.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1163">[1163]</a> Dr. Erasmus Darwin, the physiologist and poet, grandfather of
+    Charles Darwin. Mrs. Piozzi when at Florence wrote:&mdash;'I have no roses
+    equal to those at Lichfield, where on one tree I recollect counting
+    eighty-four within my own reach; it grew against the house of Dr.
+    Darwin.' Piozzi's <i>Journey</i>, i. 278.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1164">[1164]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 124, for mention of her father and brother.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1165">[1165]</a> The verse in <i>Martial</i> is:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Defluat, et lento splendescat turbida limo.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    In the common editions it has the number 45, and not 44. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1166">[1166]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 187.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1167">[1167]</a> Johnson wrote on Nov. 27, 1772, 'I was yesterday at Chatsworth.
+    They complimented me with playing the fountain and opening the cascade.
+    But I am of my friend's opinion, that when one has seen the ocean
+    cascades are but little things.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i.69.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1168">[1168]</a> 'A water-work with a concealed spring, which, upon touching,
+    spouted out streams from every bough of a willow-tree.' <i>Piozzi</i> MS. CROKER.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1169">[1169]</a> A race-horse, which attracted so much of Dr. Johnson's attention,
+    that he said, 'of all the Duke's possessions, I like Atlas best.' DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1170">[1170]</a> For Johnson's last visit to Chatsworth, see <i>ante</i>, iv. 357, 367.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1171">[1171]</a> 'From the Muses, Sir Thomas More bore away the first crown,
+    Erasmus the second, and Micyllus has the third.' In the MS. Johnson has
+    introduced [Greek: aeren] by the side of [Greek: eilen], DUPPA. 'Jacques
+    Moltzer, en Latin Micyllus. Ce surnom lui fut donné le jour où il
+    remplissait avec le plus grand succès le rôle de Micyllus dans <i>Le
+    Songe</i> de Lucien qui, arrange en drame, fut représenté au collège de
+    Francfort. Né en 1503, mort en 1558.' <i>Nouv. Biog. Gén.</i> xxxv. 922.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1172">[1172]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 324, note I, and iii. 138.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1173">[1173]</a> Mr. Gilpin was an undergraduate at Oxford. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1174">[1174]</a> John Parker, of Brownsholme, in Lancashire [Browsholme, in
+    Yorkshire], Esq. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1175">[1175]</a> Mrs. Piozzi 'rather thought' that this was <i>Capability Brown</i>
+    [<i>ante</i>, iii. 400]. CROKER.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1176">[1176]</a> Mr. Gell, of Hopton Hall, father of Sir William Gell, well known
+    for his topography of Troy. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1177">[1177]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 160, for a visit paid by Johnson and Boswell to
+    Kedleston in 1777.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1178">[1178]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 164.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1179">[1179]</a> The parish of Prestbury. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1180">[1180]</a> At this time the seat of Sir Lynch Salusbury Cotton [Mrs.
+    Thrale's relation], now, of Lord Combermere, his grandson, from which
+    place he takes his title. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1181">[1181]</a> Shavington Hall, in Shropshire. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1182">[1182]</a> 'To guard. To adorn with lists, laces or ornamental borders.
+    Obsolete.' Johnson's <i>Dictionary.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1183">[1183]</a> Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale on Nov. 13, 1783:&mdash;'You seem to
+    mention Lord Kilmurrey <i>(sic)</i> as a stranger. We were at his house in
+    Cheshire [Shropshire].... Do not you remember how he rejoiced in having
+    <i>no</i> park? He could not disoblige his neighbours by sending them <i>no</i>
+    venison.' <i>Piozzi Letters,</i> ii. 326.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1184">[1184]</a> This remark has reference to family conversation. Robert was the
+    eldest son of Sir L.S. Cotton, and lived at Lleweney. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1185">[1185]</a> <i>Paradise Lost,</i> book xi. v. 642. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1186">[1186]</a> See Mrs. Piozzi's <i>Synonymy</i>, i. 323, for an anecdote of this
+    walk.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1187">[1187]</a> Lleweney Hall was the residence of Robert Cotton, Esq., Mrs.
+    Thrale's cousin german. Here Mr. and Mrs. Thrale and Dr. Johnson staid
+    three weeks. DUPPA. Mrs. Piozzi wrote in 1817:&mdash;'Poor old Lleweney Hall!
+    pulled down after standing 1000 years in possession of the Salusburys.'
+    Hayward's <i>Piozzi</i>, ii. 206.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1188">[1188]</a> Johnson's name for Mrs. Thrale. <i>Ante,</i> i. 494.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1189">[1189]</a> Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale on Sept. 13, 1777:&mdash;'Boswell wants
+    to see Wales; but except the woods of Bachycraigh, what is there in
+    Wales? What that can fill the hunger of ignorance, or quench the thirst
+    of curiosity?' <i>Piozzi Letters,</i> i. 367. <i>Ante,</i> iii. 134, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1190">[1190]</a> Pennant gives a description of this house, in a tour he made into
+    North Wales in 1780:&mdash;'Not far from Dymerchion, lies half buried in
+    woods the singular house of Bâch y Graig. It consists of a mansion of
+    three sides, enclosing a square court. The first consists of a vast hall
+    and parlour: the rest of it rises into six wonderful stories, including
+    the cupola; and forms from the second floor the figure of a pyramid: the
+    rooms are small and inconvenient. The bricks are admirable, and appear
+    to have been made in Holland; and the model of the house was probably
+    brought from Flanders, where this kind of building is not unfrequent. It
+    was built by Sir Richard Clough, an eminent merchant, in the reign of
+    Queen Elizabeth. The initials of his name are in iron on the front, with
+    the date 1567, and on the gateway 1569.' DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1191">[1191]</a> Bishop Shipley, whom Johnson described as <i>'knowing and
+    convertible' Ante,</i> iv. 246. Johnson, in his <i>Dictionary</i>, says that
+    <i>'conversable</i> is sometimes written <i>conversible</i>, but improperly.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1192">[1192]</a> William Lloyd, Bishop of St. Asaph and afterwards of Worcester.
+    He was one of the seven Bishops who were sent to the Tower in 1688. His
+    character is drawn by Burnet, <i>History of His Own Time</i>, ed. 1818, i.
+    210. It was he of whom Bishop Wilkins said that 'Lloyd had the most
+    learning in ready cash of any he ever knew.' <i>Ante</i>, ii. 256, note 3.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1193">[1193]</a> A curious account of Dodwell and 'the paradoxes after which he
+    seemed to hunt' is given in Burnet, iv. 303. He was Camden Professor of
+    Ancient History in the University of Oxford. 'It was about him that
+    William III uttered those memorable words: "He has set his heart on
+    being a martyr; and I have set mine on disappointing him."' Macaulay's
+    <i>England</i>, ed. 1874, iv. 226. See Hearne in Leland's <i>Itin.</i>, 3rd ed.
+    v. 136.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1194">[1194]</a> By Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, in 1579. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1195">[1195]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 357, and v. 42.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1196">[1196]</a> Perhaps Johnson wrote <i>mere</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1197">[1197]</a> Humphry Llwyd was a native of Denbigh, and practised there as a
+    physician, and also represented the town in Parliament. He died 1568,
+    aged 41. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1198">[1198]</a> Mrs. Thrale's father. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1199">[1199]</a> Cowper wrote a few years later in the first book of <i>The Task</i>,
+    in his description of the grounds at Weston Underwood:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Not distant far a length of colonnade
+      Invites us. Monument of ancient taste,
+      Now scorned, but worthy of a better fate.
+      Our fathers knew the value of a screen
+      From sultry suns, and in their shaded walks
+      And long-protracted bowers enjoyed at noon
+      The gloom and coolness of declining day.
+      We bear our shades about us: self-deprived
+      Of other screen, the thin umbrella spread,
+      And range an Indian waste without a tree.
+      Thanks to Benevolus [A]&mdash;he spares me yet
+      These chestnuts ranged in corresponding lines,
+      And though himself so polished still reprieves
+      The obsolete prolixity of shade.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1200">[1200]</a> Such a passage as this shews that Johnson was not so insensible
+    to nature as is often asserted. Mrs. Piozzi (<i>Anec.</i> p. 99) says:&mdash;'Mr.
+    Thrale loved prospects, and was mortified that his friend could not
+    enjoy the sight of those different dispositions of wood and water, hill
+    and valley, that travelling through England and France affords a man.
+    But when he wished to point them out to his companion: "Never heed such
+    nonsense," would he reply; "a blade of grass is always a blade of grass,
+    whether in one country or another. Let us, if we <i>do</i> talk, talk about
+    something; men and women are my subjects of enquiry; let us see how
+    these differ from those we have left behind."' She adds (p. 265):&mdash;
+    'Walking in a wood when it rained was, I think, the only rural image he
+    pleased his fancy with; "for," says he, "after one has gathered the
+    apples in an orchard, one wishes them well baked, and removed to a
+    London eating-house for enjoyment."' See <i>ante</i>, pp. 132, note 1, 141,
+    note 2, 333, note i, and 346, note i, for Johnson's descriptions of
+    scenery. Passages in his letters shew that he had some enjoyment of
+    country life. Thus he writes:&mdash;'I hope to see standing corn in some part
+    of the earth this summer, but I shall hardly smell hay or suck clover
+    flowers.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, ii. 140. 'What I shall do next I know not;
+    all my schemes of rural pleasure have been some way or other
+    disappointed.' <i>Ib.</i> p. 372. 'I hope Mrs. &mdash;&mdash;&mdash; when she came to her
+    favourite place found her house dry, and her woods growing, and the
+    breeze whistling, and the birds singing, and her own heart dancing.'
+    <i>Ib.</i> p. 401. In this very trip to Wales, after describing the high bank
+    of a river 'shaded by gradual rows of trees,' he writes:&mdash;'The gloom,
+    the stream, and the silence generate thoughtfulness.' <i>Post,</i> p. 454.
+</p>
+<p>
+    [A] Mr. Throckmorton the owner.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1201">[1201]</a> In the MS. in Dr. Johnson's handwriting, he has first entered in
+    his diary, 'The old Clerk had great appearance of joy at seeing his
+    Mistress, and foolishly said that he was now willing to die:' he
+    afterwards wrote in a separate column, on the same leaf, under the head
+    of <i>notes and omissions,</i> 'He had a crown;' and then he appears to have
+    read over his diary at a future time, and interlined the paragraph with
+    the words 'only'&mdash;'given him by my Mistress,' which is written in ink of
+    a different colour. DUPPA. 'If Mr. Duppa,' wrote Mrs. Piozzi, 'does not
+    send me a copy of Johnson's <i>Diary,</i> he is as shabby as it seems our
+    Doctor thought me, when I gave but a crown to the old clerk. The poor
+    clerk had probably never seen a crown in his possession before. Things
+    were very distant A.D. 1774 from what they are 1816.' Hayward's
+    <i>Piozzi,</i> ii. 178. Mrs. Piozzi writes as if Johnson's censure had been
+    passed in 1816 and not in 1774.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1202">[1202]</a> Mrs. Piozzi has the following MS. note on this:&mdash;'He said I
+    flattered the people to whose houses we went. I was saucy, and said I
+    was obliged to be civil for two, meaning himself and me. He replied
+    nobody would thank me for compliments they did not understand. At
+    Gwaynynog <i>he</i> was flattered, and was happy of course.' Hayward's
+    <i>Piozzi,</i> i. 75. Sept. 21, 1778. <i>Mrs. Thrale.</i> 'I remember, Sir, when
+    we were travelling in Wales, how you called me to account for my
+    civility to the people. "Madam," you said, "let me have no more of this
+    idle commendation of nothing. Why is it that whatever you see, and
+    whoever you see, you are to be so indiscriminately lavish of praise?"
+    "Why I'll tell you, Sir," said I, "when I am with you, and Mr. Thrale,
+    and Queeny [Miss Thrale], I am obliged to be civil for four."' Mme.
+    D'Arblay's <i>Diary,</i> i. 132. On June 11, 1775, he wrote to Mrs. Thrale
+    from Lichfield:&mdash;'Everybody remembers you all: you left a good
+    impression behind you. I hope you will do the same at&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;. Do not make
+    them speeches. Unusual compliments, to which there is no stated and
+    prescriptive answer, embarrass the feeble, who know not what to say, and
+    disgust the wise, who knowing them to be false suspect them to be
+    hypocritical.' <i>Piozzi Letters,</i> i. 232. She records that he once said
+    to her:&mdash;'You think I love flattery, and so I do, but a little too much
+    always disgusts me. That fellow Richardson [the novelist] on the
+    contrary could not be contented to sail quietly down the stream of
+    reputation, without longing to taste the froth from every stroke of the
+    oar.' Piozzi's <i>Anec.</i> p. 184. See <i>ante</i>, iii. 293, for Johnson's
+    rebuke of Hannah More's flattery.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1203">[1203]</a> Johnson, in his Dictionary, defines <i>calamine</i> or <i>lapis
+    calaminaris</i> as <i>a kind of fossile bituminous earth, which being mixed
+    with copper changes it into brass.</i> It is native siliceous oxide of
+    zinc. <i>The Imperial Dictionary.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1204">[1204]</a> See <i>ante,</i> iii. 164.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1205">[1205]</a> 'No' or 'little' is here probably omitted. CROKER.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1206">[1206]</a> The name of this house is Bodryddan; formerly the residence of
+    the Stapyltons, the parents of five co-heiresses, of whom Mrs. Cotton,
+    afterwards Lady Salusbury Cotton, was one. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1207">[1207]</a> 'Dr. Johnson, whose ideas of anything not positively large were
+    ever mingled with contempt, asked of one of our sharp currents in North
+    Wales, "Has this <i>brook</i> e'er a name?" and received for answer, "Why,
+    dear Sir, this is the <i>River</i> Ustrad." "Let us," said he, turning to his
+    friend, "jump over it directly, and shew them how an Englishman should
+    treat a Welsh river."' Piozzi's <i>Synonymy,</i> i. 82.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1208">[1208]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 313, note 4.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1209">[1209]</a> On Aug. 16 he wrote to Mr. Levett:&mdash;'I have made nothing of the
+    Ipecacuanha.' <i>Ante</i>, ii. 282. Mr. Croker suggests that <i>up</i> is omitted
+    after 'I gave.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1210">[1210]</a> See <i>post</i>, p. 453.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1211">[1211]</a> F.G. are the printer's signatures, by which it appears that at
+    this time four sheets (B, C, D, E), or 64 pages had already been
+    printed. The MS. was 'put to the press' on June 20. <i>Ante</i>, ii. 278.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1212">[1212]</a> The English version Psalm 36 begins,&mdash;'My heart sheweth me the
+    wickedness of the ungodly,' which has no relation to 'Dixit injustus.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1213">[1213]</a> This alludes to 'A prayer by R.W., (evidently Robert Wisedom)
+    which Sir Henry Ellis, of the British Museum, has found among the Hymns
+    which follow the old version of the singing Psalms, at the end of
+    Barker's <i>Bible</i> of 1639. It begins,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Preserve us, Lord, by thy deare word,
+      From Turk and Pope, defend us Lord,
+      Which both would thrust out of his throne
+      Our Lord Jesus Christ, thy deare son.'
+			CROKER.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1214">[1214]</a> 'Proinde quum dominus Matth. 6 docet discipulos suos ne in orando
+    multiloqui sint, nihil aliud docet quam ne credant deum inani verborum
+    strepitu flecti rem eandem subinde flagitantium. Nam Graecis est [Greek:
+    battologaesate]. [Greek: Battologein] autem illis dicitur qui voces
+    easdem frequenter iterant sine causa, vel loquacitatis, vel naturae, vel
+    consuetudinis vitio. Alioqui juxta precepta rhetorum nonnunquam laudis
+    est iterare verba, quemadmodum et Christus in cruce clamitat. Deus meus,
+    deus meus: non erat illa [Greek: battologia], sed ardens ac vehemens
+    affectus orantis.' Erasmus's <i>Works</i>, ed. 1540, v. 927.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1215">[1215]</a> This alludes to Southwell's stanzas 'Upon the Image of Death,' in
+    his <i>Maeonia</i>, [Maeoniae] a collection of spiritual poems:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Before my face the picture hangs,
+        That daily should put me in mind
+      Of those cold names and bitter pangs
+        That shortly I am like to find:
+      But, yet, alas! full little I
+      Do thinke hereon that I must die.' &amp;c.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Robert Southwell was an English Jesuit, who was imprisoned, tortured,
+    and finally, in Feb. 1598 <a name="note-1595">[1595]</a> executed for teaching the Roman
+    Catholic tenets in England. CROKER.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1216">[1216]</a> This work, which Johnson was now reading, was, most probably, a
+    little book, entitled <i>Baudi Epistolae</i>. In his <i>Life of Milton</i>
+    [<i>Works</i>, vii. 115], he has made a quotation from it. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1217">[1217]</a> Bishop Shipley had been an Army Chaplain. <i>Ante</i>, iii. 251.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1218">[1218]</a> The title of the poem is [Greek: Poiaema nouthetikon]. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1219">[1219]</a> This entry refers to the following passage in Leland's
+    <i>Itinerary</i>, published by Thomas Hearne, ed. 1744, iv. 112. 'B. <i>Smith</i>
+    in K.H.7. dayes, and last Bishop of <i>Lincolne</i>, beganne a new Foundation
+    at this place settinge up a Mr. there with 2. Preistes, and 10. poore
+    Men in an Hospitall. He sett there alsoe a Schoole-Mr. to teach Grammer
+    that hath 10.<i>l</i>. by the yeare, and an Under-Schoole-Mr. that hath
+    5.<i>l</i>. by the yeare. King H.7. was a great Benefactour to this new
+    Foundation, and gave to it an ould Hospitall called Denhall in Wirhall
+    in Cheshire.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1220">[1220]</a> <i>A Journey to Meqwinez, the Residence of the present Emperor of
+    Fez and Morocco, on the Occasion of Commodore Stewart's Embassy thither,
+    for the Redemption of the British captives, in the Year 1721</i>. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1221">[1221]</a> The <i>Bibliotheca Literaria</i> was published in London, 1722-4, in
+    4to numbers, but only extended to ten numbers. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1222">[1222]</a> By this expression it would seem, that on this day Johnson ate
+    sparingly. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1223">[1223]</a> 'A weakness of the knees, not without some pain in walking, which
+    I feel increased after I have dined.' DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1224">[1224]</a> Penmaen Mawr is a huge rock, rising nearly 1550 feet
+    perpendicular above the sea. Along a shelf of this precipice, is formed
+    an excellent road, well guarded, toward the sea, by a strong wall,
+    supported in many parts by arches turned underneath it. Before this wall
+    was built, travellers sometimes fell down the precipices. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1225">[1225]</a> See <i>post</i>, p. 453.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1226">[1226]</a> 'Johnson said that one of the castles in Wales would contain all
+    the castles that he had seen in Scotland.' <i>Ante</i>, ii. 285.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1227">[1227]</a> This gentleman was a lieutenant in the Navy. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1228">[1228]</a> Lady Catharine Percival, daughter of the second Earl of Egmont:
+    this was, it appears, the lady of whom Mrs. Piozzi relates, that 'For a
+    lady of quality, since dead, who received us at her husband's seat in
+    Wales with less attention than he had long been accustomed to, he had a
+    rougher denunciation:&mdash;"That woman," cried Johnson, "is like sour small
+    beer, the beverage of her table, and produce of the wretched country she
+    lives in: like that, she could never have been a good thing, and even
+    that bad thing is spoiled."' [<i>Anec</i>. p. 171.] And it is probably of
+    her, too, that another anecdote is told:&mdash;'We had been visiting at a
+    lady's house, whom, as we returned, some of the company ridiculed for
+    her ignorance:&mdash;"She is not ignorant," said he, "I believe, of any
+    thing she has been taught, or of any thing she is desirous to know; and
+    I suppose if one wanted a little <i>run tea</i>, she might be a proper person
+    enough to apply to.'" [<i>Ib</i>. p. 219.] Mrs. Piozzi says, in her MS.
+    letters, 'that Lady Catharine comes off well in the <i>diary</i>. He <i>said</i>
+    many severe things of her, which he did not commit to paper.' She died
+    in 1782. CROKER.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1229">[1229]</a> Johnson described in 1762 his disappointment on his return to
+    Lichfield. <i>Ante</i>, i. 370.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1230">[1230]</a> 'It was impossible not to laugh at the patience Doctor Johnson
+    shewed, when a Welsh parson of mean abilities, though a good heart,
+    struck with reverence at the sight of Dr. Johnson, whom he had heard of
+    as the greatest man living, could not find any words to answer his
+    inquiries concerning a motto round somebody's arms which adorned a
+    tomb-stone in Ruabon church-yard. If I remember right, the words were,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Heb Dw, Heb Dym,
+     Dw o' diggon.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    And though of no very difficult construction, the gentleman seemed
+    wholly confounded, and unable to explain them; till Mr. Johnson, having
+    picked out the meaning by little and little, said to the man, "<i>Heb</i> is
+    a preposition, I believe, Sir, is it not?" My countryman recovering some
+    spirits upon the sudden question, cried out, "So I humbly presume, Sir,"
+    very comically.' Piozzi's <i>Anec</i>. p. 238. The Welsh words, which are the
+    Myddelton motto, mean, 'Without God, without all. God is
+    all-sufficient.' <i>Piozzi MS</i>. Croker's <i>Boswell</i>, p. 423.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1231">[1231]</a> In 1809 the whole income for Llangwinodyl, including surplice
+    fees, amounted to forty-six pounds two shillings and twopence, and for
+    Tydweilliog, forty-three pounds nineteen shillings and tenpence; so that
+    it does not appear that Mr. Thrale carried into effect his good
+    intention. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1232">[1232]</a> Mr. Thrale was near-sighted, and could not see the goats browsing
+    on Snowdon, and he promised his daughter, who was a child of ten years
+    old, a penny for every goat she would shew him, and Dr. Johnson kept the
+    account; so that it appears her father was in debt to her one hundred
+    and forty-nine pence. Queeny was the epithet, which had its origin in
+    the nursery, by which Miss Thrale was always distinguished by Johnson.
+    DUPPA. Her name was Esther. The allusion was to Queen Esther. Johnson
+    often pleasantly mentions her in his letters to her mother. Thus on July
+    27, 1780, he writes:&mdash;'As if I might not correspond with my Queeney, and
+    we might not tell one another our minds about politicks or morals, or
+    anything else. Queeney and I are both steady and may be trusted; we are
+    none of the giddy gabblers, we think before we speak.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>,
+    ii. 169. Four days later he wrote:&mdash;'Tell my pretty dear Queeney, that
+    when we meet again, we will have, at least for some time, two lessons in
+    a day. I love her and think on her when I am alone; hope we shall be
+    very happy together and mind our books.' <i>Ib</i>. p. 173.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1233">[1233]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 421, for the inscription on an urn erected by Mr.
+    Myddelton 'on the banks of a rivulet where Johnson delighted to stand
+    and repeat verses.' On Sept. 18, 1777, Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale:
+    &mdash;'Mr. &mdash;&mdash;'s erection of an urn looks like an intention to bury me
+    alive; I would as willingly see my friend, however benevolent and
+    hospitable, quietly inurned. Let him think for the present of some more
+    acceptable memorial.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 371.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1234">[1234]</a> Johnson wrote on Oct. 24, 1778:&mdash;'My two clerical friends Darby
+    and Worthington have both died this month. I have known Worthington
+    long, and to die is dreadful. I believe he was a very good man.' <i>Piozzi
+    Letters</i>, ii. 26.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1235">[1235]</a> Thomas, the second Lord Lyttelton. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1236">[1236]</a> Mr. Gwynn the architect was a native of Shrewsbury, and was at
+    this time completing a bridge across the Severn, called the English
+    Bridge: besides this bridge, he built one at Acham, over the Severn,
+    near to Shrewsbury; and the bridges at Worcester, Oxford [Magdalen
+    Bridge], and Henley. DUPPA. He was also the architect of the Oxford
+    Market, which was opened in 1774. <i>Oxford during the Last Century</i>, ed.
+    1859, p. 45. Johnson and Boswell travelled to Oxford with him in March,
+    1776. <i>Ante</i>, ii. 438. In 1778 he got into some difficulties, in which
+    Johnson tried to help him, as is shewn by the following autograph letter
+    in the possession of my friend Mr. M. M. Holloway:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+    'SIR,
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Poor Mr. Gwyn is in great distress under the weight of the late
+    determination against him, and has still hopes that some mitigation may
+    be obtained. If it be true that whatever has by his negligence been
+    amiss, may be redressed for a sum much less than has been awarded, the
+    remaining part ought in equity to be returned, or, what is more
+    desirable, abated. When the money is once paid, there is little hope of
+    getting it again.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'The load is, I believe, very hard upon him; he indulges some flattering
+    opinions that by the influence of his academical friends it may be
+    lightened, and will not be persuaded but that some testimony of my
+    kindness may be beneficial. I hope he has been guilty of nothing worse
+    than credulity, and he then certainly deserves commiseration. I never
+    heard otherwise than that he was an honest man, and I hope that by your
+    countenance and that of other gentlemen who favour or pity him some
+    relief may be obtained.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I am, Sir, 'Your most humble servant, 'SAM. JOHNSON.' 'Bolt Court,
+    Fleet-street, 'Jan. 30, 1778.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1237">[1237]</a> An ancestor of mine, a nursery-gardener, Thomas Wright by name,
+    after whom my grandfather, Thomas Wright Hill, was called, planted this
+    walk. The tradition preserved in my family is that on his wedding-day he
+    took six men with him and planted these trees. When blamed for keeping
+    the wedding-dinner waiting, he answered, that if what he had been doing
+    turned out well, it would be of far more value than a wedding-dinner.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1238">[1238]</a> The Rector of St. Chad's, in Shrewsbury. He was appointed Master
+    of Pembroke College, Oxford, in the following year. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 441.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1239">[1239]</a> 'I have heard Dr. Johnson protest that he never had quite as much
+    as he wished of wall-fruit except once in his life, and that was when we
+    were all together at Ombersley.' Piozzi's <i>Anec</i>. p. 103. Mrs. Thrale
+    wrote to him in 1778:&mdash;'Mr. Scrase gives us fine fruit; I wished you my
+    pear yesterday; but then what would one pear have done for you?' <i>Piozzi
+    Letters</i>, ii. 36. It seems unlikely that Johnson should not at Streatham
+    have had all the wall-fruit that he wished.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1240">[1240]</a> This visit was not to Lord Lyttelton, but to his uncle
+    [afterwards by successive creations, Lord Westcote, and Lord Lyttelton],
+    the father of the present Lord Lyttelton, who lived at a house called
+    Little Hagley. DUPPA. Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale in 1771:&mdash;'I would
+    have been glad to go to Hagley in compliance with Mr. Lyttelton's kind
+    invitation, for beside the pleasure of his conversation I should have
+    had the opportunity of recollecting past times, and wandering <i>per
+    montes notos et flumina nota</i>, of recalling the images of sixteen, and
+    reviewing my conversations with poor Ford.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 42. He
+    had been at school at Stourbridge, close by Hagley. <i>Ante</i>, i. 49. See
+    Walpole's <i>Letters</i>, ix. 123, for an anecdote of Lord Westcote.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1241">[1241]</a> Horace Walpole, writing of Hagley in Sept. 1753 (<i>Letters</i>, ii.
+    352), says:&mdash;'There is extreme taste in the park: the seats are not the
+    best, but there is not one absurdity. There is a ruined castle, built by
+    Miller, that would get him his freedom even of Strawberry [Walpole's own
+    house at Twickenham]: it has the true rust of the Barons' Wars.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1242">[1242]</a> 'Mrs. Lyttelton forced me to play at whist against my liking, and
+    her husband took away Johnson's candle that he wanted to read by at the
+    other end of the room. Those, I trust, were the offences.' <i>PiozziMS.</i> CROKER.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1243">[1243]</a> Johnson (<i>Works</i>, viii. 409) thus writes of Shenstone and the
+    Leasowes:&mdash;'He began to point his prospects, to diversify his surface,
+    to entangle his walks, and to wind his waters; which he did with such
+    judgment and such fancy as made his little domain the envy of the great
+    and the admiration of the skilful; a place to be visited by travellers
+    and copied by designers. .... For awhile the inhabitants of Hagley
+    affected to tell their acquaintance of the little fellow that was trying
+    to make himself admired; but when by degrees the Leasowes forced
+    themselves into notice, they took care to defeat the curiosity which
+    they could not suppress by conducting their visitants perversely to
+    inconvenient points of view, and introducing them at the wrong end of a
+    walk to detect a deception; injuries of which Shenstone would heavily
+    complain. Where there is emulation there will be vanity; and where there
+    is vanity there will be folly. The pleasure of Shenstone was all in his
+    eye: he valued what he valued merely for its looks; nothing raised his
+    indignation more than to ask if there were any fishes in his water.' See
+    <i>ante</i>, p. 345.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1244">[1244]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 187, and v. 429.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1245">[1245]</a> 'He spent his estate in adorning it, and his death was probably
+    hastened by his anxieties. He was a lamp that spent its oil in blazing.
+    It is said that if he had lived a little longer he would have been
+    assisted by a pension: such bounty could not have been ever more
+    properly bestowed.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, viii. 410. His friend, Mr.
+    Graves, the author of <i>The Spiritual Quixote</i>, in a note on this passage
+    says that, if he was sometimes distressed for money, yet he was able to
+    leave legacies and two small annuities.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1246">[1246]</a> Mr. Duppa&mdash;without however giving his authority&mdash;says that this
+    was Dr. Wheeler, mentioned <i>ante</i>, iii. 366. The <i>Birmingham Directory</i>
+    for the year 1770 shews that there were two tradesmen in the town of
+    that name, one having the same Christian name, Benjamin, as Dr. Wheeler.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1247">[1247]</a> Boswell visited these works in 1776. <i>Ante</i>, ii. 459.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1248">[1248]</a> Burke in the House of Commons on Jan. 25, 1771, in a debate on
+    Falkland's Island, said of the Spanish Declaration:&mdash;'It was made, I
+    admit, on the true principles of trade and manufacture. It puts me in
+    mind of a Birmingham button which has passed through an hundred hands,
+    and after all is not worth three-halfpence a dozen.' <i>Parl. Hist.</i>
+    xvi. 1345.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1249">[1249]</a> Johnson and Boswell drove through the Park in 1776. <i>Ante</i>, ii. 451.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1250">[1250]</a> 'My friend the late Lord Grosvenor had a house at Salt Hill,
+    where I usually spent a part of the summer, and thus became acquainted
+    with that great and good man, Jacob Bryant. Here the conversation turned
+    one morning on a Greek criticism by Dr. Johnson in some volume lying on
+    the table, which I ventured (<i>for I was then young</i>) to deem incorrect,
+    and pointed it out to him. I could not help thinking that he was
+    somewhat of my opinion, but he was cautious and reserved. "But, Sir,"
+    said I, willing to overcome his scruples, "Dr. Johnson himself admitted
+    that he was not a good Greek scholar." "Sir," he replied, with a serious
+    and impressive air, "it is not easy for us to say what such a man as
+    Johnson would call a good Greek scholar." I hope that I profited by that
+    lesson&mdash;certainly I never forgot it.' Gifford's <i>Works of Ford</i>, vol. i.
+    p. lxii. Croker's <i>Boswell</i>, p. 794. 'So notorious is Mr. Bryant's great
+    fondness for studying and proving the truths of the creation according
+    to Moses, that he told me himself, and with much quaint humour, a
+    pleasantry of one of his friends in giving a character of
+    him:&mdash;"Bryant," said he, "is a very good scholar, and knows all things
+    whatever up to Noah, but not a single thing in the world beyond the
+    Deluge."' Mme. D'Arblay's Diary, iii. 229.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1251">[1251]</a> This is a work written by William Durand, Bishop of Mende, and
+    printed on vellum, in folio, by Fust and Schoeffer, in Mentz, 1459. It
+    is the third book that is known to be printed with a date. DUPPA. It is
+    perhaps the first book with a date printed in movable metal type.
+    <i>Brunei</i>, ed. 1861, ii. 904. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 397.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1252">[1252]</a> Dr. Johnson, in another column of his <i>Diary</i>, has put down, in a
+    note, 'First printed book in Greek, Lascaris's <i>Grammar</i>, 4to,
+    Mediolani, 1476.' The imprint of this book is, <i>Mediolani Impressum per
+    Magistrum Dionysium Paravisinum</i>. M.CCCC.LXXVI. Die xxx Januarii. The
+    first book printed in the English language was the <i>Historyes of Troye</i>,
+    printed in 1471. DUPPA. A copy of the <i>Historyes of Troy</i> is exhibited
+    in the Bodleian Library with the following superscription:&mdash;'Lefevre's
+    <i>Recuyell of the historyes of Troye</i>. The first book printed in the
+    English language. Issued by Caxton at Bruges about 1474.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1253">[1253]</a> <i>The Battle of the Frogs and Mice</i>. The first edition was printed
+    by Laonicus Cretensis, 1486. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1254">[1254]</a> Mr. Coulson was a Senior Fellow of University College. Lord
+    Stowell informed me that he was very eccentric. He would on a fine day
+    hang out of the college windows his various pieces of apparel to air,
+    which used to be universally answered by the young men hanging out from
+    all the other windows, quilts, carpets, rags, and every kind of trash,
+    and this was called an <i>illumination</i>. His notions of the eminence and
+    importance of his academic situation were so peculiar, that, when he
+    afterwards accepted a college living, he expressed to Lord Stowell his
+    doubts whether, after living so long in the <i>great world</i>, he might not
+    grow weary of the comparative retirement of a country parish. CROKER.
+    See <i>ante</i>, ii. 382, note.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1255">[1255]</a> Dr. Robert Vansittart, Fellow of All Souls, and Regius Professor
+    of Law. DUPPA. Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale on Nov. 3, 1773:&mdash;'Poor
+    V&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;! There are not so many reasons as he thinks why he should envy
+    me, but there are some; he wants what I have, a kind and careful
+    mistress; and wants likewise what I shall want at my return. He is a
+    good man, and when his mind is composed a man of parts.' <i>Piozzi
+    Letters</i>, i. 197. See <i>ante</i>, i. 348.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1256">[1256]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 285, note 3.
+</p>
+
+    <center>THE END OF THE FIFTH VOLUME.</center>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 10451 ***</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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+
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #10451 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/10451)
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Life Of Johnson, Volume 5, by Boswell
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Life Of Johnson, Volume 5
+
+Author: Boswell
+
+Release Date: December 14, 2003 [EBook #10451]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LIFE OF JOHNSON, VOLUME 5 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Charlie Kirschner and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+BOSWELL'S
+LIFE OF JOHNSON
+
+INCLUDING BOSWELL'S JOURNAL OF A TOUR TO THE HEBRIDES
+AND JOHNSON'S DIARY OF A JOURNEY INTO NORTH WALES
+
+
+EDITED BY
+
+GEORGE BIRKBECK HILL, D.C.L.
+
+PEMBROKE COLLEGE, OXFORD
+
+
+IN SIX VOLUMES
+
+VOLUME V.
+TOUR TO THE HEBRIDES (1773)
+
+AND
+
+JOURNEY INTO NORTH WALES (1774)
+
+
+
+
+THE
+JOURNAL
+OF A TOUR TO THE
+_HEBRIDES_,
+
+WITH
+
+SAMUEL JOHNSON, LL.D.
+BY _JAMES BOSWELL_, ESQ.
+
+CONTAINING
+
+Some Poetical Pieces by Dr. JOHNSON, relative to the TOUR,
+and never before published;
+
+A Series of his Conversation, Literary Anecdotes, and Opinions
+of Men and Books:
+
+WITH AN AUTHENTICK ACCOUNT OF
+
+The Distresses and Escape of the GRANDSON of KING
+JAMES II. in the Year 1746.
+
+_THE THIRD EDITION, REVISED AND CORRECTED._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+       O! while along the stream of time, thy name
+     Expanded flies, and gathers all its fame,
+     Say, shall my little bark attendant fail,
+     Pursue the triumph and partake the gale?    POPE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_LONDON:_
+PRINTED BY HENRY BALDWIN,
+FOR CHARLES DILLY, IN THE POULTRY.
+MDCCLXXXVI.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS OF VOL. V.
+
+JOURNAL OF A TOUR TO THE HEBRIDES WITH SAMUEL JOHNSON, LL.D.:
+DEDICATION TO EDMOND MALONE, ESQ.
+ADVERTISEMENT TO THE THIRD EDITION
+CONTENTS
+JOURNAL
+APPENDICES:
+ I. LETTER FROM DR. BLACKLOCK
+II. VERSES BY SIR ALEXANDER MACDONALD
+    ADVERTISEMENT OF THE LIFE
+A.  EXTRACTS FROM WARBURTON
+B.  LORD HOUGHTON'S TRANSLATION OF JOHNSON'S ODE WRITTEN IN SKY
+C.  JOHNSON'S USE OF THE WORD _BIG_
+
+A JOURNEY INTO NORTH WALES IN THE YEAR 1774
+
+
+
+
+DEDICATION.
+
+
+_TO EDMOND MALONE, ESQ._
+
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+In every narrative, whether historical or biographical, authenticity is
+of the utmost consequence[1]. Of this I have ever been so firmly
+persuaded, that I inscribed a former work[2] to that person who was the
+best judge of its truth. I need not tell you I mean General Paoli; who,
+after his great, though unsuccessful, efforts to preserve the liberties
+of his country, has found an honourable asylum in Britain, where he has
+now lived many years the object of Royal regard and private respect[3];
+and whom I cannot name without expressing my very grateful sense of the
+uniform kindness which he has been pleased to shew me[4].
+
+The friends of Doctor Johnson can best judge, from internal evidence,
+whether the numerous conversations which form the most valuable part of
+the ensuing pages are correctly related. To them, therefore, I wish to
+appeal, for the accuracy of the portrait here exhibited to the world.
+
+As one of those who were intimately acquainted with him, you have a
+title to this address. You have obligingly taken the trouble to peruse
+the original manuscript of this Tour, and can vouch for the strict
+fidelity of the present publication[5]. Your literary alliance with our
+much lamented friend, in consequence of having undertaken to render one
+of his labours more complete, by your edition of _Shakspeare_[6], a work
+which I am confident will not disappoint the expectations of the
+publick, gives you another claim. But I have a still more powerful
+inducement to prefix your name to this volume, as it gives me an
+opportunity of letting the world know that I enjoy the honour and
+happiness of your friendship; and of thus publickly testifying the
+sincere regard with which I am,
+
+  My dear Sir,
+      Your very faithful
+          And obedient servant,
+              JAMES BOSWELL.
+
+  LONDON,
+20th September, 1785.
+
+
+
+
+ADVERTISEMENT
+
+TO THE
+
+_THIRD EDITION._
+
+Animated by the very favourable reception which two large impressions of
+this work have had[7], it has been my study to make it as perfect as I
+could in this edition, by correcting some inaccuracies which I
+discovered myself, and some which the kindness of friends or the
+scrutiny of adversaries pointed out. A few notes are added, of which the
+principal object is, to refute misrepresentation and calumny.
+
+To the animadversions in the periodical Journals of criticism, and in
+the numerous publications to which my book has given rise, I have made
+no answer. Every work must stand or fall by its own merit. I cannot,
+however, omit this opportunity of returning thanks to a gentleman who
+published a Defence of my Journal, and has added to the favour by
+communicating his name to me in a very obliging letter.
+
+It would be an idle waste of time to take any particular notice of the
+futile remarks, to many of which, a petty national resentment, unworthy
+of my countrymen, has probably given rise; remarks which have been
+industriously circulated in the publick prints by shallow or envious
+cavillers, who have endeavoured to persuade the world that Dr. Johnson's
+character has been _lessened_ by recording such various instances of
+his lively wit and acute judgment, on every topick that was presented to
+his mind. In the opinion of every person of taste and knowledge that I
+have conversed with, it has been greatly _heightened_; and I will
+venture to predict, that this specimen of the colloquial talents and
+extemporaneous effusions of my illustrious fellow-traveller will become
+still more valuable, when, by the lapse of time, he shall have become an
+_ancient_; when all those who can now bear testimony to the transcendent
+powers of his mind, shall have passed away; and no other memorial of
+this great and good man shall remain but the following Journal, the
+other anecdotes and letters preserved by his friends, and those
+incomparable works, which have for many years been in the highest
+estimation, and will be read and admired as long as the English language
+shall be spoken or understood.
+
+J.B.
+
+LONDON, 15th Aug. 1786.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+DEDICATION.
+ADVERTISEMENT.
+INTRODUCTION. Character of Dr. Johnson. He arrives in Scotland.
+
+_August 15_. Sir William Forbes. Practice of the law. Emigration. Dr.
+Beattie and Mr. Hume. Dr. Robertson. Mr. Burke's various and
+extraordinary talents. Question concerning genius. Whitfield and Wesley.
+Instructions to political parties. Dr. Johnson's opinion of Garrick as a
+tragedian.
+
+_August 16_. Ogden on Prayer. Aphoristick writing. Edinburgh surveyed.
+Character of Swift's works. Evil spirits and witchcraft. Lord Monboddo
+and the Ouran-Outang.
+
+_August 17_. Poetry and Dictionary writing. Scepticism. Eternal
+necessity refuted. Lord Hailes's criticism on _The Vanity of Human
+Wishes._ Mr. Maclaurin. Decision of the Judges in Scotland on
+literary property.
+
+_August 18_. Set out for the Hebrides. Sketch of the authour's
+character. Trade of Glasgow. Suicide. Inchkeith. Parliamentary
+knowledge. Influence of Peers. Popular clamours. Arrive at St. Andrews.
+
+_August 19_. Dr. Watson. Literature and patronage. Writing and
+conversation compared. Change of manners. The Union. Value of money. St.
+Andrews and John Knox. Retirement from the world. Dinner with the
+Professors. Question concerning sorrow and content. Instructions for
+composition. Dr. Johnson's method. Uncertainty of memory.
+
+_August 20_. Effect of prayer. Observance of Sunday. Professor Shaw.
+Transubstantiation. Literary property. Mr. Tyers's remark on Dr.
+Johnson. Arrive at Montrose.
+
+_August 21_. Want of trees. Laurence Kirk. Dinner at Monboddo.
+Emigration. Homer. Biography and history compared. Decrease of learning.
+Causes of it. Promotion of bishops. Warburton. Lowth. Value of
+politeness. Dr. Johnson's sentiments concerning Lord Monboddo. Arrive
+at Aberdeen.
+
+_August 22_. Professor Thomas Gordon. Publick and private education.
+Sir Alexander Gordon. Trade of Aberdeen. Prescription of murder in
+Scotland. Mystery of the Trinity. Satisfaction of Christ. Importance of
+old friendships.
+
+_August 23_. Dr. Johnson made a burgess of Aberdeen. Dinner at Sir
+Alexander Gordon's. Warburton's powers of invective. His _Doctrine of
+Grace_. Lock's verses. Fingal.
+
+_August 24_. Goldsmith and Graham. Slains castle. Education of children.
+Buller of Buchan. Entails. Consequence of Peers. Sir Joshua Reynolds.
+Earl of Errol.
+
+_August 25_. The advantage of being on good terms with relations.
+Nabobs. Feudal state of subordination. Dinner at Strichen. Life of
+country gentlemen. THE LITERARY CLUB.
+
+_August 26_. Lord Monboddo. Use and importance of wealth. Elgin.
+Macbeth's heath. Fores.
+
+_August 27_. Leonidas. Paul Whitehead. Derrick. Origin of Evil.
+Calder-manse. Reasonableness of ecclesiastical subscription.
+Family worship.
+
+_August 28_. Fort George. Sir Adolphus Oughton. Contest between
+Warburton and Lowth. Dinner at Sir Eyre Coote's. Arabs and English
+soldiers compared. The Stage. Mr. Garrick, Mrs. Cibber, Mrs. Pritchard,
+Mrs. Clive. Inverness.
+
+_August 29_. Macbeth's Castle. Incorrectness of writers of Travels.
+Coinage of new words. Dr. Johnson's _Dictionary_.
+
+_August 30_. Dr. Johnson on horseback. A Highland hut. Fort Augustus.
+Governour Trapaud.
+
+_August 31_. Anoch. Emigration. Goldsmith. Poets and soldiers compared.
+Life of a sailor. Landlord's daughter at Anoch.
+
+_September 1_. Glensheal. The Macraas. Dr. Johnson's anger at being left
+for a little while by the authour on a wild plain. Wretched inn
+at Glenelg.
+
+_September 2_. Dr. Johnson relents. Isle of Sky. Armidale.
+
+_September 3_. Colonel Montgomery, now Earl of Eglintoune.
+
+_September 4_. Ancient Highland Enthusiasm.
+
+_September 5_. Sir James Macdonald's epitaph and last letters to his
+mother. Dr. Johnson's Latin ode on the Isle of Sky. Isaac
+Hawkins Browne.
+
+_September 6_. Corrichatachin. Highland hospitality and mirth. Dr.
+Johnson's Latin ode to Mrs. Thrale.
+
+_September 7_. Uneasy state of dependence on the weather. State of those
+who live in the country. Dr. M'Pherson's Dissertations. Second Sight.
+
+_September 8_. Rev. Mr. Donald M'Queen. Mr. Malcolm M'Cleod. Sail to
+Rasay. Fingal. Homer. Elegant and gay entertainment at Rasay.
+
+_September 9_. Antiquity of the family of Rasay. Cure of infidelity.
+
+_September 10_. Survey of the island of Rasay. Bentley. Mallet. Hooke.
+Duchess of Marlborough.
+
+_September 11_. Heritable jurisdictions. Insular life. The Laird of
+M'Cleod.
+
+_September 12_. Sail to Portree. Dr. Johnson's discourse on death.
+Letters from Lord Elibank to Dr. Johnson and the authour. Dr. Johnson's
+answer. Ride to Kingsburgh. Flora M'Donald.
+
+_September 13_. Distresses and escape of the grandson of King James II.
+Arrive at Dunvegan.
+
+_September 14_. Importance of the chastity of women. Dr. Cadogan.
+Whether the practice of authours is necessary to enforce their
+Doctrines. Good humour acquirable.
+
+_September 15_. Sir George M'Kenzie. Mr. Burke's wit, knowledge and
+eloquence.
+
+_September 16_. Dr. Johnson's hereditary melancholy. His minute
+knowledge in various arts. Apology for the authour's ardour in his
+pursuits. Dr. Johnson's imaginary seraglio. Polygamy.
+
+_September 17_. Cunning. Whether great abilities are necessary to be
+wicked. Temple of the Goddess Anaitis. Family portraits. Records not
+consulted by old English historians. Mr. Pennant's Tours criticised.
+
+_September 18_. Ancient residence of a Highland Chief. Languages the
+pedigree of nations. Laird of the Isle of Muck.
+
+_September 19_. Choice of a wife. Women an over-match for men. Lady
+Grange in St. Kilda. Poetry of savages. French Literati. Prize-fighting.
+French and English soldiers. Duelling.
+
+_September 20_. Change of London manners. Laziness censured. Landed and
+traded interest compared. Gratitude considered.
+
+_September 21_. Description of Dunvegan. Lord Lovat's Pyramid. Ride to
+Ulinish. Phipps's Voyage to the North Pole.
+
+_September 22_. Subterraneous house and vast cave in Ulinish. Swift's
+Lord Orrery. Defects as well as virtues the proper subject of biography,
+though the life be written by a friend. Studied conclusions of letters.
+Whether allowable in dying men to maintain resentment to the last.
+Instructions for writing the lives of literary men. Fingal denied to be
+genuine, and pleasantly ridiculed.
+
+_September 23_. Further disquisition concerning Fingal. Eminent men
+disconcerted by a new mode of publick appearance. Garrick. Mrs.
+Montague's Essay on Shakspeare. Persons of consequence watched in
+London. Learning of the Scots from 1550 to 1650. The arts of civil life
+little known in Scotland till the Union. Life of a sailor. The folly of
+Peter the Great in working in a dock-yard. Arrive at Talisker.
+Presbyterian clergy deficient in learning.  _September 24_. French
+hunting. Young Col. Dr. Birch, Dr. Percy. Lord Hailes. Historical
+impartiality. Whiggism unbecoming in a clergyman.
+
+_September 25_. Every island a prison. A Sky cottage. Return to
+Corrichatachin. Good fellowship carried to excess.
+
+_September 26_. Morning review of last night's intemperance. Old
+Kingsburgh's Jacobite song. Lady Margaret Macdonald adored in Sky.
+Different views of the same subject at different times. Self-deception.
+
+_September 27_. Dr. Johnson's popularity in the Isle of Sky. His
+good-humoured gaiety with a Highland lady.
+
+_September 28_. Ancient Irish pride of family. Dr. Johnson on threshing
+and thatching. Dangerous to increase the price of labour. Arrive at
+Ostig. Dr. M'Pherson's Latin poetry.
+
+_September 29_. Reverend Mr. M'Pherson, Shenstone. Hammond. Sir Charles
+Hanbury Williams.
+
+_September 30_. Mr. Burke the first man every where. Very moderate
+talents requisite to make a figure in the House of Commons. Dr. Young.
+Dr. Doddridge. Increase of infidel writings since the accession of the
+Hanover family. Gradual impression made by Dr. Johnson. Particular
+minutes to be kept of our studies.
+
+_October 1_. Dr. Johnson not answerable for all the words in his
+_Dictionary_. Attacks on authours useful to them. Return to Armidale.
+
+_October 2_. Old manners of great families in Wales. German courts.
+Goldsmith's love of talk. Emigration. Curious story of the people of
+St. Kilda.
+
+_October 3_. Epictetus on the voyage of death. Sail for Mull. A storm.
+Driven into Col.
+
+_October 4_. Dr. Johnson's mode of living in the Temple. His curious
+appearance on a sheltie. Nature of sea-sickness. Burnet's _History of
+his own Times_. Difference between dedications and histories.
+
+_October 5_. People may come to do anything by talking of it. The
+Reverend Mr. Hector Maclean. Bayle. Leibnitz and Clarke. Survey of Col.
+Insular life. Arrive at Breacacha. Dr. Johnson's power of ridicule.
+
+_October 6_. Heritable jurisdictions. The opinion of philosophers
+concerning happiness in a cottage, considered. Advice to landlords.
+
+_October 7_. Books the best solace in a state of confinement.
+
+_October 8_. Pretended brother of Dr. Johnson. No redress for a man's
+name being affixed to a foolish work. Lady Sidney Beauclerk. Carte's
+_Life of the Duke of Ormond_. Col's cabinet. Letters of the great
+Montrose. Present state of the island of Col.
+
+_October 9_. Dr. Johnson's avidity for a variety of books. Improbability
+of a Highland tradition. Dr. Johnson's delicacy of feeling.
+
+_October 10_. Dependence of tenants on landlords.
+
+_October 11_. London and Pekin compared. Dr. Johnson's high opinion of
+the former.
+
+_October 12_. Return to Mr. M'Sweyn's. Other superstitions beside those
+connected with religion. Dr. Johnson disgusted with coarse manners. His
+peculiar habits.
+
+_October 13_. Bustle not necessary to dispatch. _Oats_ the food not of
+the Scotch alone.
+
+_October 14_. Arrive in Mull. Addison's _Remarks on Italy_. Addison not
+much conversant with Italian literature. The French masters of the art
+of accommodating literature. Their _Ana_. Racine. Corneille. Moliere.
+Fenelon. Voltaire. Bossuet. Massillon. Bourdaloue. Virgil's description
+of the entrance into hell, compared to a printing-house.
+
+_October 15_. Erse poetry. Danger of a knowledge of musick. The
+propriety of settling our affairs so as to be always prepared for death.
+Religion and literary attainments not to be described to young persons
+as too hard. Reception of the travellers in their progress. Spence.
+
+_October 16_. Miss Maclean. Account of Mull. The value of an oak
+walking-stick in the Hebrides. Arrive at Mr. M'Quarrie's in Ulva.
+Captain Macleod. Second Sight. _Mercheta Mulierum_, and Borough-English.
+The grounds on which the sale of an estate may be set aside in a court
+of equity.
+
+_October 17_. Arrive at Inchkenneth. Sir Allan Maclean and his
+daughters. None but theological books should be read on Sunday. Dr.
+Campbell. Dr. Johnson exhibited as a Highlander. Thoughts on drinking.
+Dr. Johnson's Latin verses on Inchkenneth.
+
+_October 18_. Young Col's various good qualities. No extraordinary
+talents requisite to success in trade. Dr. Solander. Mr. Burke. Dr.
+Johnson's intrepidity and presence of mind. Singular custom in the
+islands of Col and Otaheité. Further elogium on young Col. Credulity of
+a Frenchman in foreign countries.
+
+_October 19_. Death of young Col. Dr. Johnson slow of belief without
+strong evidence. _La Crédulité des incrédules_. Coast of Mull. Nun's
+Island. Past scenes pleasing in recollection. Land on Icolmkill.
+_October 20_. Sketch of the ruins of Icolmkill. Influence of solemn
+scenes of piety. Feudal authority in the extreme. Return to Mull.
+
+_October 21_. Pulteney. Pitt. Walpole. Mr. Wilkes. English and Jewish
+history compared. Scotland composed of stone and water, and a little
+earth. Turkish Spy. Dreary ride to Lochbuy. Description of the laird.
+
+_October 22_. Uncommon breakfast offered to Dr. Johnson, and rejected.
+Lochbuy's war-saddle. Sail to Oban.
+
+_October 23_. Goldsmith's _Traveller_. Pope and Cowley compared.
+Archibald Duke of Argyle. Arrive at Inverary. Dr. Johnson drinks some
+whisky, and assigns his reason. Letter from the authour to Mr. Garrick.
+Mr. Garrick's answer.
+
+_October 24_. Specimen of Ogden on Prayer. Hervey's _Meditations_. Dr.
+Johnson's Meditation on a Pudding. Country neighbours. The authour's
+visit to the castle of Inverary. Perverse opposition to the influence of
+Peers in Ayrshire.
+
+_October 25_. Dr. Johnson presented to the Duke of Argyle. Grandeur of
+his grace's seat. The authour possesses himself in an embarrassing
+situation. Honourable Archibald Campbell on _a middle state_. The old
+Lord Townshend. Question concerning luxury. Nice trait of character.
+Good principles and bad practice.
+
+_October 26_. A passage in Home's _Douglas_, and one in _Juvenal_,
+compared. Neglect of religious buildings in Scotland. Arrive at Sir
+James Colquhoun's.
+
+_October 27_. Dr. Johnson's letter to the Duke of Argyle. His grace's
+answer. Lochlomond. Dr. Johnson's sentiments on dress. Forms of prayer
+considered. Arrive at Mr. Smollet's.
+
+_October 28_. Dr. Smollet's Epitaph. Dr. Johnson's wonderful memory. His
+alacrity during the Tour. Arrive at Glasgow.
+
+_October 29_. Glasgow surveyed. Attention of the professors to Dr.
+Johnson.
+
+_October 30_. Dinner at the Earl of Loudoun's. Character of that
+nobleman. Arrive at Treesbank.
+
+_October 31_. Sir John Cunningham of Caprington.
+
+_November 1_. Rules for the distribution of charity. Castle of
+Dundonald. Countess of Eglintoune. Alexander Earl of Eglintoune.
+
+_November 2_. Arrive at Auchinleck. Character of Lord Auchinleck, His
+idea of Dr. Johnson.
+
+_November 3_. Dr. Johnson's sentiments concerning the Highlands. Mr.
+Harris of Salisbury.
+
+_November 4_. Auchinleck. Cattle without horns. Composure of mind how
+far attainable.  _November 5_. Dr. Johnson's high respect for the
+English clergy.
+
+_November 6_. Lord Auchinleck and Dr. Johnson in collision.
+
+_November 7_. Dr. Johnson's uniform piety. His dislike of presbyterian
+worship.
+
+_November 8_. Arrive at Hamilton.
+
+_November 9_. The Duke of Hamilton's house. Arrive at Edinburgh.
+
+_November 10_. Lord Elibank. Difference in political principles
+increased by opposition. Edinburgh Castle. Fingal. English credulity not
+less than Scottish. Second Sight. Garrick and Foote compared as
+companions. Moravian Missions and Methodism.
+
+_November 11_. History originally oral. Dr. Robertson's liberality of
+sentiment. Rebellion natural to man.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Summary account of the manner in which Dr. Johnson spent his time from
+November 12 to November 21. Lord Mansfield, Mr. Richardson. The private
+life of an English Judge. Dr. Johnson's high opinion of Dr. Robertson
+and Dr. Blair. Letter from Dr. Blair to the authour. Officers of the
+army often ignorant of things belonging to their own profession. Academy
+for the deaf and dumb. A Scotch Highlander and an English sailor.
+Attacks on authours advantageous to them. Roslin Castle and Hawthornden.
+Dr. Johnson's _Parody of Sir John Dalrymple's Memoirs_. Arrive at
+Cranston. Dr. Johnson's departure for London. Letters from Lord Hailes
+and Mr. Dempster to the authour. Letter from the Laird of Rasay to the
+authour. The authour's answer. Dr. Johnson's Advertisement,
+acknowledging a mistake in his _Journey to the Western Islands_. His
+letter to the Laird of Rasay. Letter from Sir William Forbes to the
+authour. Conclusion.
+
+
+
+
+     HE WAS OF AN ADMIRABLE PREGNANCY OF WIT, AND THAT PREGNANCY
+     MUCH IMPROVED BY CONTINUAL STUDY FROM HIS CHILDHOOD:
+     BY WHICH HE HAD GOTTEN SUCH A PROMPTNESS IN EXPRESSING HIS
+     MIND, THAT HIS EXTEMPORAL SPEECHES WERE LITTLE INFERIOR TO
+     HIS PREMEDITATED WRITINGS. MANY, NO DOUBT, HAD READ AS MUCH,
+     AND PERHAPS MORE THAN HE; BUT SCARCE EVER ANY CONCOCTED
+     HIS READING INTO JUDGEMENT AS HE DID[8].
+
+     _Baker's Chronicle_ [ed. 1665, p. 449].
+
+
+
+
+THE
+
+JOURNAL
+
+OF A
+
+TOUR TO THE HEBRIDES
+
+WITH
+
+SAMUEL JOHNSON, LL.D.
+
+
+Dr. Johnson had for many years given me hopes that we should go
+together, and visit the Hebrides[9]. Martin's Account of those islands
+had impressed us with a notion that we might there contemplate a system
+of life almost totally different from what we had been accustomed to
+see; and, to find simplicity and wildness, and all the circumstances of
+remote time or place, so near to our native great island, was an object
+within the reach of reasonable curiosity. Dr. Johnson has said in his
+_Journey_[10] 'that he scarcely remembered how the wish to visit the
+Hebrides was excited;' but he told me, in summer, 1763[11], that his
+father put Martin's Account into his hands when he was very young, and
+that he was much pleased with it. We reckoned there would be some
+inconveniencies and hardships, and perhaps a little danger; but these we
+were persuaded were magnified in the imagination of every body. When I
+was at Ferney, in 1764, I mentioned our design to Voltaire. He looked at
+me, as if I had talked of going to the North Pole, and said, 'You do not
+insist on my accompanying you?'--'No, Sir,'--'Then I am very willing
+you should go.' I was not afraid that our curious expedition would be
+prevented by such apprehensions; but I doubted that it would not be
+possible to prevail on Dr. Johnson to relinquish, for some time, the
+felicity of a London life, which, to a man who can enjoy it with full
+intellectual relish, is apt to make existence in any narrower sphere
+seem insipid or irksome. I doubted that he would not be willing to come
+down from his elevated state of philosophical dignity; from a
+superiority of wisdom among the wise, and of learning among the learned;
+and from flashing his wit upon minds bright enough to reflect it.
+
+He had disappointed my expectations so long, that I began to despair;
+but in spring, 1773, he talked of coming to Scotland that year with so
+much firmness, that I hoped he was at last in earnest. I knew that, if
+he were once launched from the metropolis he would go forward very well;
+and I got our common friends there to assist in setting him afloat. To
+Mrs. Thrale in particular, whose enchantment over him seldom failed, I
+was much obliged. It was, '_I'll give thee a wind._'-' _Thou art
+kind._[12]'--To _attract_ him, we had invitations from the chiefs
+Macdonald and Macleod; and, for additional aid, I wrote to Lord
+Elibank[13], Dr. William Robertson, and Dr. Beattie.
+
+To Dr. Robertson, so far as my letter concerned the present subject, I
+wrote as follows:
+
+'Our friend, Mr. Samuel Johnson, is in great health and spirits; and, I
+do think, has a serious resolution to visit Scotland this year. The more
+attraction, however, the better; and therefore, though I know he will be
+happy to meet you there, it will forward the scheme, if, in your answer
+to this, you express yourself concerning it with that power of which you
+are so happily possessed, and which may be so directed as to operate
+strongly upon him.'
+
+His answer to that part of my letter was quite as I could have wished.
+It was written with the address and persuasion of the historian of
+America.  'When I saw you last, you gave us some hopes that you might
+prevail with Mr. Johnson to make out that excursion to Scotland, with
+the expectation of which we have long flattered ourselves. If he could
+order matters so, as to pass some time in Edinburgh, about the close of
+the summer session, and then visit some of the Highland scenes, I am
+confident he would be pleased with the grand features of nature in many
+parts of this country: he will meet with many persons here who respect
+him, and some whom I am persuaded he will think not unworthy of his
+esteem. I wish he would make the experiment. He sometimes cracks his
+jokes upon us; but he will find that we can distinguish between the
+stabs of malevolence, and _the rebukes of the righteous, which are like
+excellent oil[14], and break not the head[15]_. Offer my best
+compliments to him, and assure him that I shall be happy to have the
+satisfaction of seeing him under my roof.
+
+To Dr. Beattie I wrote, 'The chief intention of this letter is to inform
+you, that I now seriously believe Mr. Samuel Johnson will visit Scotland
+this year: but I wish that every power of attraction may be employed to
+secure our having so valuable an acquisition, and therefore I hope you
+will without delay write to me what I know you think, that I may read it
+to the mighty sage, with proper emphasis, before I leave London, which I
+must do soon. He talks of you with the same warmth that he did last
+year[16]. We are to see as much of Scotland as we can, in the months of
+August and September. We shall not be long of being at Marischal
+College[17]. He is particularly desirous of seeing some of the
+Western Islands.'
+
+Dr. Beattie did better: _ipse venit_. He was, however, so polite as to
+wave his privilege of _nil mihi rescribas[18]_, and wrote from
+Edinburgh, as follows:--'Your very kind and agreeable favour of the
+20th of April overtook me here yesterday, after having gone to Aberdeen,
+which place I left about a week ago. I am to set out this day for
+London, and hope to have the honour of paying my respects to Mr. Johnson
+and you, about a week or ten days hence. I shall then do what I can, to
+enforce the topick you mention; but at present I cannot enter upon it,
+as I am in a very great hurry; for I intend to begin my journey within
+an hour or two.'
+
+He was as good as his word, and threw some pleasing motives into the
+northern scale. But, indeed, Mr. Johnson loved all that he heard, from
+one whom he tells us, in his _Lives of the Poets_, Gray found 'a poet, a
+philosopher, and a good man[19].'
+
+My Lord Elibank did not answer my letter to his lordship for some time.
+The reason will appear, when we come to the isle of _Sky_[20]. I shall
+then insert my letter, with letters from his lordship, both to myself
+and Mr. Johnson. I beg it may be understood, that I insert my own
+letters, as I relate my own sayings, rather as keys to what is valuable
+belonging to others, than for their own sake.
+
+Luckily Mr. Justice (now Sir Robert) Chambers[21], who was about to sail
+for the East-Indies, was going to take leave of his relations at
+Newcastle, and he conducted Dr. Johnson to that town. Mr. Scott, of
+University College, Oxford, (now Dr. Scott[22], of the Commons,)
+accompanied him from thence to Edinburgh, With such propitious convoys
+did he proceed to my native city. But, lest metaphor should make it be
+supposed he actually went by sea, I choose to mention that he travelled
+in post-chaises, of which the rapid motion was one of his most favourite
+amusements[23].
+
+Dr. Samuel Johnson's character, religious, moral, political, and
+literary, nay his figure and manner, are, I believe, more generally
+known than those of almost any man; yet it may not be superfluous here
+to attempt a sketch of him. Let my readers then remember that he was a
+sincere and zealous Christian, of high church of England and monarchical
+principles, which he would not tamely suffer to be questioned; steady
+and inflexible in maintaining the obligations of piety and virtue, both
+from a regard to the order of society, and from a veneration for the
+Great Source of all order; correct, nay stern in his taste; hard to
+please, and easily offended, impetuous and irritable in his temper, but
+of a most humane and benevolent heart; having a mind stored with a vast
+and various collection of learning and knowledge, which he communicated
+with peculiar perspicuity and force, in rich and choice expression. He
+united a most logical head with a most fertile imagination, which gave
+him an extraordinary advantage in arguing; for he could reason close or
+wide, as he saw best for the moment. He could, when he chose it, be the
+greatest sophist that ever wielded a weapon in the schools of
+declamation; but he indulged this only in conversation; for he owned he
+sometimes talked for victory[24]; he was too conscientious to make
+errour permanent and pernicious, by deliberately writing it. He was
+conscious of his superiority. He loved praise when it was brought to
+him; but was too proud to seek for it. He was somewhat susceptible of
+flattery[25]. His mind was so full of imagery, that he might have been
+perpetually a poet. It has been often remarked, that in his poetical
+pieces, which it is to be regretted are so few, because so excellent,
+his style is easier than in his prose. There is deception in this: it is
+not easier, but better suited to the dignity of verse; as one may dance
+with grace, whose motions, in ordinary walking, in the common step, are
+awkward. He had a constitutional melancholy, the clouds of which
+darkened the brightness of his fancy, and gave a gloomy cast to his
+whole course of thinking: yet, though grave and awful in his deportment,
+when he thought it necessary or proper, he frequently indulged himself
+in pleasantry and sportive sallies. He was prone to superstition, but
+not to credulity. Though his imagination might incline him to a belief
+of the marvellous and the mysterious, his vigorous reason examined the
+evidence with jealousy. He had a loud voice, and a slow deliberate
+utterance, which no doubt gave some additional weight to the sterling
+metal of his conversation[26]. His person was large, robust, I may say
+approaching to the gigantick, and grown unwieldy from corpulency. His
+countenance was naturally of the cast of an ancient statue, but somewhat
+disfigured by the scars of that _evil_, which, it was formerly imagined,
+the _royal touch_[27] could cure. He was now in his sixty-fourth year,
+and was become a little dull of hearing. His sight had always been
+somewhat weak; yet, so much does mind govern, and even supply the
+deficiency of organs, that his perceptions were uncommonly quick and
+accurate[28]. His head, and sometimes also his body shook with a kind of
+motion like the effect of a palsy: he appeared to be frequently
+disturbed by cramps, or convulsive contractions[29], of the nature of
+that distemper called _St. Vitus's dance_. He wore a full suit of plain
+brown clothes, with twisted hair-buttons[30] of the same colour, a
+large bushy greyish wig, a plain shirt, black worsted stockings, and
+silver buckles. Upon this tour, when journeying, he wore boots, and a
+very wide brown cloth great coat, with pockets which might have almost
+held the two volumes of his folio _Dictionary_; and he carried in his
+hand a large English oak stick. Let me not be censured for mentioning
+such minute particulars. Every thing relative to so great a man is worth
+observing. I remember Dr. Adam Smith, in his rhetorical lectures at
+Glasgow[31], told us he was glad to know that Milton wore latchets in
+his shoes, instead of buckles. When I mention the oak stick, it is but
+letting _Hercules_ have his club; and, by-and-by, my readers will find
+this stick will bud, and produce a good joke[32].
+
+This imperfect sketch of 'the COMBINATION and the _form_[33]' of that
+Wonderful Man, whom I venerated and loved while in this world, and after
+whom I gaze with humble hope, now that it has pleased ALMIGHTY GOD to
+call him to a better world, will serve to introduce to the fancy of my
+readers the capital object of the following journal, in the course of
+which I trust they will attain to a considerable degree of
+acquaintance with him.
+
+His prejudice against Scotland[34] was announced almost as soon as he
+began to appear in the world of Letters. In his _London_, a poem, are
+the following nervous lines:--
+
+     'For who would leave, unbrib'd, Hibernia's land?
+      Or change the rocks of Scotland for the Strand?
+      There none are swept by sudden fate away;
+      But all, whom hunger spares, with age decay.'
+
+The truth is, like the ancient Greeks and Romans, he allowed himself to
+look upon all nations but his own as barbarians[35]: not only Hibernia,
+and Scotland, but Spain, Italy, and France, are attacked in the same
+poem. If he was particularly prejudiced against the Scots, it was
+because they were more in his way; because he thought their success in
+England rather exceeded the due proportion of their real merit; and
+because he could not but see in them that nationality which I believe no
+liberal-minded Scotsman will deny. He was indeed, if I may be allowed
+the phrase, at bottom much of a _John Bull_[36]; much of a blunt _true
+born Englishman_[37]. There was a stratum of common clay under the rock
+of marble. He was voraciously fond of good eating[38]; and he had a
+great deal of that quality called _humour_, which gives an oiliness and
+a gloss to every other quality.
+
+I am, I flatter myself, completely a citizen of the world.--In my
+travels through Holland, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Corsica, France, I
+never felt myself from home; and I sincerely love 'every kindred and
+tongue and people and nation[39].' I subscribe to what my late truly
+learned and philosophical friend Mr. Crosbie[40] said, that the English
+are better animals than the Scots; they are nearer the sun; their blood
+is richer, and more mellow: but when I humour any of them in an
+outrageous contempt of Scotland, I fairly own I treat them as children.
+And thus I have, at some moments, found myself obliged to treat even
+Dr. Johnson.
+
+To Scotland however he ventured; and he returned from it in great good
+humour, with his prejudices much lessened, and with very grateful
+feelings of the hospitality with which he was treated; as is evident
+from that admirable work, his _Journey to the Western Islands of
+Scotland_, which, to my utter astonishment, has been misapprehended,
+even to rancour, by many of my countrymen.  To have the company of
+Chambers and Scott, he delayed his journey so long, that the court of
+session, which rises on the eleventh of August, was broke up before he
+got to Edinburgh[41].
+
+On Saturday the fourteenth of August, 1773, late in the evening, I
+received a note from him, that he was arrived at Boyd's inn[42], at the
+head of the Canongate. I went to him directly. He embraced me cordially;
+and I exulted in the thought, that I now had him actually in Caledonia.
+Mr. Scott's amiable manners, and attachment to our _Socrates_, at once
+united me to him. He told me that, before I came in, the Doctor had
+unluckily had a bad specimen of Scottish cleanliness[43]. He then drank
+no fermented liquor. He asked to have his lemonade made sweeter; upon
+which the waiter, with his greasy fingers, lifted a lump of sugar, and
+put it into it. The Doctor, in indignation, threw it out of the window.
+Scott said, he was afraid he would have knocked the waiter down. Mr.
+Johnson told me, that such another trick was played him at the house of
+a lady in Paris[44]. He was to do me the honour to lodge under my roof.
+I regretted sincerely that I had not also a room for Mr. Scott. Mr.
+Johnson and I walked arm-in-arm up the High=street, to my house in
+James's court[45]: it was a dusky night: I could not prevent his being
+assailed by the evening effluvia of Edinburgh. I heard a late baronet,
+of some distinction in the political world in the beginning of the
+present reign, observe, that 'walking the streets of Edinburgh at night
+was pretty perilous, and a good deal odoriferous.' The peril is much
+abated, by the care which the magistrates have taken to enforce the city
+laws against throwing foul water from the windows[46]; but from the
+structure of the houses in the old town, which consist of many stories,
+in each of which a different family lives, and there being no covered
+sewers, the ordour still continues. A zealous Scotsman would have wished
+Mr. Johnson to be without one of his five senses upon this occasion. As
+we marched slowly along, he grumbled in my ear, 'I smell you in the
+dark[47]!' But he acknowledged that the breadth of the street, and the
+loftiness of the buildings on each side made a noble appearance[48].
+
+My wife had tea ready for him, which it is well known he delighted to
+drink at all hours, particularly when sitting up late, and of which his
+able defence against Mr. Jonas Hanway[49] should have obtained him a
+magnificent reward from the East-India Company. He shewed much
+complacency upon finding that the mistress of the house was so attentive
+to his singular habit; and as no man could be more polite when he chose
+to be so, his address to her was most courteous and engaging; and his
+conversation soon charmed her into a forgetfulness of his external
+appearance[50].
+
+I did not begin to keep a regular full journal till some days after we
+had set out from Edinburgh; but I have luckily preserved a good many
+fragments of his _Memorabilia_ from his very first evening in Scotland.
+
+We had, a little before this, had a trial for murder, in which the
+judges had allowed the lapse of twenty years since its commission as a
+plea in bar, in conformity with the doctrine of prescription in the
+_civil_ law, which Scotland and several other countries in Europe have
+adopted. He at first disapproved of this; but then he thought there was
+something in it, if there had been for twenty years a neglect to
+prosecute a crime which was _known_. He would not allow that a murder,
+by not being _discovered_ for twenty years, should escape
+punishment[51]. We talked of the ancient trial by duel. He did not think
+it so absurd as is generally supposed; 'For (said he) it was only
+allowed when the question was _in equilibrio_, as when one affirmed and
+another denied; and they had a notion that Providence would interfere in
+favour of him who was in the right. But as it was found that in a duel,
+he who was in the right had not a better chance than he who was in the
+wrong, therefore society instituted the present mode of trial, and gave
+the advantage to him who is in the right.'
+
+We sat till near two in the morning, having chatted a good while after
+my wife left us. She had insisted, that to shew all respect to the Sage
+she would give up her own bed-chamber to him and take a worse[52]. This
+I cannot but gratefully mention, as one of a thousand obligations which
+I owe her, since the great obligation of her being pleased to accept of
+me as her husband[53].
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, AUGUST 15[54]
+
+Mr. Scott came to breakfast, at which I introduced to Dr. Johnson and
+him, my friend Sir William Forbes, now of Pitsligo[55]; a man of whom
+too much good cannot be said; who, with distinguished abilities and
+application in his profession of a Banker, is at once a good companion,
+and a good christian; which I think is saying enough. Yet it is but
+justice to record, that once, when he was in a dangerous illness, he was
+watched with the anxious apprehension of a general calamity; day and
+night his house was beset with affectionate enquiries; and, upon his
+recovery, _Te deum_ was the universal chorus from the _hearts_ of his
+countrymen.  Mr. Johnson was pleased with my daughter Veronica[56],
+then a child of about four months old. She had the appearance of
+listening to him. His motions seemed to her to be intended for her
+amusement; and when he stopped, she fluttered, and made a little
+infantine noise, and a kind of signal for him to begin again. She would
+be held close to him; which was a proof, from simple nature, that his
+figure was not horrid. Her fondness for him endeared her still more to
+me, and I declared she should have five hundred pounds of additional
+fortune[57].
+
+We talked of the practice of the law. Sir William Forbes said, he
+thought an honest lawyer should never undertake a cause which he was
+satisfied was not a just one. 'Sir, (said Mr. Johnson,) a lawyer has no
+business with the justice or injustice of the cause which he undertakes,
+unless his client asks his opinion, and then he is bound to give it
+honestly. The justice or injustice of the cause is to be decided by the
+judge. Consider, Sir; what is the purpose of courts of justice? It is,
+that every man may have his cause fairly tried, by men appointed to try
+causes. A lawyer is not to tell what he knows to be a lie: he is not to
+produce what he knows to be a false deed; but he is not to usurp the
+province of the jury and of the judge, and determine what shall be the
+effect of evidence,--what shall be the result of legal argument. As it
+rarely happens that a man is fit to plead his own cause, lawyers are a
+class of the community, who, by study and experience, have acquired the
+art and power of arranging evidence, and of applying to the points at
+issue what the law has settled. A lawyer is to do for his client all
+that his client might fairly do for himself, if he could. If, by a
+superiority of attention, of knowledge, of skill, and a better method of
+communication, he has the advantage of his adversary, it is an
+advantage to which he is entitled. There must always be some advantage,
+on one side or other; and it is better that advantage should be had by
+talents than by chance. Lawyers were to undertake no causes till they
+were sure they were just, a man might be precluded altogether from a
+trial of his claim, though, were it judicially examined it might be
+found a very just claim[58].' This was sound practical doctrine, and
+rationally repressed a too refined scrupulosity[59] of conscience.
+
+Emigration was at this time a common topick of discourse[60]. Dr.
+Johnson regretted it as hurtful to human happiness: 'For (said he) it
+spreads mankind, which weakens the defence of a nation, and lessens the
+comfort of living. Men, thinly scattered, make a shift, but a bad shift,
+without many things. A smith is ten miles off: they'll do without a nail
+or a staple. A taylor is far from them: they'll botch their own clothes.
+It is being concentrated which produces high convenience[61].'
+
+Sir William Forbes, Mr. Scott, and I, accompanied Mr. Johnson to the
+chapel[62], founded by Lord Chief Baron Smith, for the Service of the
+Church of England. The Reverend Mr. Carre, the senior clergyman,
+preached from these words, 'Because the Lord reigneth, let the earth be
+glad[63].' I was sorry to think Mr. Johnson did not attend to the
+sermon, Mr. Carre's low voice not being strong enough to reach his
+hearing. A selection of Mr. Carre's sermons has, since his death, been
+published by Sir William Forbes[64], and the world has acknowledged
+their uncommon merit. I am well assured Lord Mansfield has pronounced
+them to be excellent.
+
+Here I obtained a promise from Lord Chief Baron Orde[65], that he would
+dine at my house next day. I presented Mr. Johnson to his Lordship, who
+politely said to him, I have not the honour of knowing you; but I hope
+for it, and to see you at my house. I am to wait on you to-morrow.' This
+respectable English judge will be long remembered in Scotland, where he
+built an elegant house, and lived in it magnificently. His own ample
+fortune, with the addition of his salary, enabled him to be splendidly
+hospitable. It may be fortunate for an individual amongst ourselves to
+be Lord Chief Baron; and a most worthy man now has the office; but, in
+my opinion, it is better for Scotland in general, that some of our
+publick employments should be filled by gentlemen of distinction from
+the south side of the Tweed, as we have the benefit of promotion in
+England. Such an interchange would make a beneficial mixture of manners,
+and render our union more complete. Lord Chief Baron Orde was on good
+terms with us all, in a narrow country filled with jarring interests and
+keen parties; and, though I well knew his opinion to be the same with my
+own, he kept himself aloof at a very critical period indeed, when the
+_Douglas cause_ shook the sacred security of _birthright_ in Scotland
+to its foundation; a cause, which had it happened before the Union, when
+there was no appeal to a British House of Lords, would have left the
+great fortress of honours and of property in ruins[66].  When we got
+home, Dr. Johnson desired to see my books. He took down Ogden's _Sermons
+on Prayer_[67], on which I set a very high value, having been much
+edified by them, and he retired with them to his room. He did not stay
+long, but soon joined us in the drawing room. I presented to him Mr.
+Robert Arbuthnot, a relation of the celebrated Dr. Arbuthnot[68], and a
+man of literature and taste. To him we were obliged for a previous
+recommendation, which secured us a very agreeable reception at St.
+Andrews, and which Dr. Johnson, in his _Journey_, ascribes to 'some
+invisible friend[69].'
+
+Of Dr. Beattie, Mr. Johnson said, 'Sir, he has written like a man
+conscious of the truth, and feeling his own strength[70]. Treating your
+adversary with respect is giving him an advantage to which he is not
+entitled[71]. The greatest part of men cannot judge of reasoning, and
+are impressed by character; so that, if you allow your adversary a
+respectable character, they will think, that though you differ from him,
+you may be in the wrong. Sir, treating your adversary with respect, is
+striking soft in a battle. And as to Hume,--a man who has so much
+conceit as to tell all mankind that they have been bubbled[72] for ages,
+and he is the wise man who sees better than they,--a man who has so
+little scrupulosity as to venture to oppose those principles which have
+been thought necessary to human happiness,--is he to be surprized if
+another man comes and laughs at him? If he is the great man he thinks
+himself, all this cannot hurt him: it is like throwing peas against a
+rock.' He added '_something much too rough_' both as to Mr. Hume's head
+and heart, which I suppress. Violence is, in my opinion, not suitable to
+the Christian cause. Besides, I always lived on good terms with Mr.
+Hume, though I have frankly told him, I was not clear that it was right
+in me to keep company with him. 'But, (said I) how much better are you
+than your books!' He was cheerful, obliging, and instructive; he was
+charitable to the poor; and many an agreeable hour have I passed with
+him[73]: I have preserved some entertaining and interesting memoirs of
+him, particularly when he knew himself to be dying, which I may some
+time or other communicate to the world[74]. I shall not, however, extol
+him so very highly as Dr. Adam Smith does, who says, in a letter to Mr.
+Strahan the Printer (not a confidential letter to his friend, but a
+letter which is published[75] with all formality:) 'Upon the whole, I
+have always considered him, both in his life time and since his death,
+as approaching as nearly to the idea of a perfectly wise and virtuous
+man as perhaps the nature of human frailty will permit.' Let Dr. Smith
+consider: Was not Mr. Hume blest with good health, good spirits, good
+friends, a competent and increasing fortune? And had he not also a
+perpetual feast of fame[76]? But, as a learned friend has observed to
+me, 'What trials did he undergo to prove the perfection of his virtue?
+Did he ever experience any great instance of adversity?'--When I read
+this sentence delivered by my old _Professor of Moral Philosophy_, I
+could not help exclaiming with the _Psalmist_, 'Surely I have now more
+understanding than my teachers[77]!'
+
+While we were talking, there came a note to me from Dr. William
+Robertson.
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+   'I have been expecting every day to hear from you, of Dr. Johnson's
+arrival. Pray, what do you know about his motions? I long
+to take him by the hand. I write this from the college, where I have
+only this scrap of paper. Ever yours,
+
+'W. R.'
+
+'Sunday.'
+
+It pleased me to find Dr. Robertson thus eager to meet Dr. Johnson. I
+was glad I could answer, that he was come: and I begged Dr. Robertson
+might be with us as soon as he could.
+
+Sir William Forbes, Mr. Scott, Mr. Arbuthnot, and another gentleman
+dined with us. 'Come, Dr. Johnson, (said I,) it is commonly thought that
+our veal in Scotland is not good. But here is some which I believe you
+will like.' There was no catching him. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, what is
+commonly thought, I should take to be true. _Your_ veal may be good; but
+that will only be an exception to the general opinion; not a proof
+against it.'
+
+Dr. Robertson, according to the custom of Edinburgh at that time, dined
+in the interval between the forenoon and afternoon service, which was
+then later than now; so we had not the pleasure of his company till
+dinner was over, when he came and drank wine with us. And then began
+some animated dialogue[78], of which here follows a pretty full note.
+
+We talked of Mr. Burke. Dr. Johnson said, he had great variety of
+knowledge, store of imagery, copiousness of language. ROBERTSON. 'He has
+wit too.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; he never succeeds there. 'Tis low; 'tis
+conceit. I used to say, Burke never once made a good joke[79]. What I
+most envy Burke for, is his being constantly the same. He is never what
+we call hum-drum; never unwilling to begin to talk, nor in haste to
+leave off.' BOSWELL. 'Yet he can listen.' JOHNSON. 'No: I cannot say he
+is good at that[80]. So desirous is he to talk, that, if one is speaking
+at this end of the table, he'll speak to somebody at the other end.
+Burke, Sir, is such a man, that if you met him for the first time in the
+street where you were stopped by a drove of oxen, and you and he stepped
+aside to take shelter but for five minutes, he'd talk to you in such a
+manner, that, when you parted, you would say, this is an extraordinary
+man[81]. Now, you may be long enough with me, without finding any thing
+extraordinary.' He said, he believed Burke was intended for the law; but
+either had not money enough to follow it, or had not diligence
+enough[82]. He said, he could not understand how a man could apply to
+one thing, and not to another. ROBERTSON said, one man had more
+judgment, another more imagination. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; it is only, one
+man has more mind than another. He may direct it differently; he may, by
+accident, see the success of one kind of study, and take a desire to
+excel in it. I am persuaded that, had Sir Isaac Newton applied to
+poetry, he would have made a very fine epick poem. I could as easily
+apply to law as to tragick poetry.' BOSWELL. 'Yet, Sir, you did apply to
+tragick poetry, not to law.' JOHNSON. 'Because, Sir, I had not money to
+study law. Sir, the man who has vigour, may walk to the east, just as
+well as to the west, if he happens to turn his head that way[83].'
+BOSWELL. 'But, Sir, 'tis like walking up and down a hill; one man will
+naturally do the one better than the other. A hare will run up a hill
+best, from her fore-legs being short; a dog down.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir;
+that is from mechanical powers. If you make mind mechanical, you may
+argue in that manner. One mind is a vice, and holds fast; there's a good
+memory. Another is a file; and he is a disputant, a controversialist.
+Another is a razor; and he is sarcastical.' We talked of Whitefield. He
+said he was at the same college with him[84], and knew him _before he
+began to be better than other people_ (smiling;) that he believed he
+sincerely meant well, but had a mixture of politicks and ostentation:
+whereas Wesley thought of religion only[85]. ROBERTSON said, Whitefield
+had strong natural eloquence, which, if cultivated, would have done
+great things. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, I take it, he was at the height of
+what his abilities could do, and was sensible of it. He had the ordinary
+advantages of education; but he chose to pursue that oratory which is
+for the mob[86].' BOSWELL. 'He had great effect on the passions.'
+JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, I don't think so. He could not represent a
+succession of pathetic images. He vociferated, and made an impression.
+_There_, again, was a mind like a hammer.' Dr. Johnson now said, a
+certain eminent political friend of our's[87] was wrong, in his maxim of
+sticking to a certain set of _men_ on all occasions. 'I can see that a
+man may do right to stick to a _party_ (said he;) that is to say, he is
+a _Whig_, or he is a _Tory_, and he thinks one of those parties upon the
+whole the best, and that to make it prevail, it must be generally
+supported, though, in particulars it may be wrong. He takes its faggot
+of principles, in which there are fewer rotten sticks than in the other,
+though some rotten sticks to be sure; and they cannot well be separated.
+But, to bind one's self to one man, or one set of men, (who may be right
+to-day and wrong to-morrow,) without any general preference of system, I
+must disapprove[88].'
+
+He told us of Cooke, who translated Hesiod, and lived twenty years on a
+translation of Plautus, for which he was always taking subscriptions;
+and that he presented Foote to a Club, in the following singular manner:
+'This is the nephew of the gentleman who was lately hung in chains for
+murdering his brother[89].'  In the evening I introduced to Mr.
+Johnson[90] two good friends of mine, Mr. William Nairne, Advocate, and
+Mr. Hamilton of Sundrum, my neighbour in the country, both of whom
+supped with us. I have preserved nothing of what passed, except that Dr.
+Johnson displayed another of his heterodox opinions,--a contempt of
+tragick acting[91]. He said, 'the action of all players in tragedy is
+bad. It should be a man's study to repress those signs of emotion and
+passion, as they are called.' He was of a directly contrary opinion to
+that of Fielding, in his _Tom Jones_; who makes Partridge say, of
+Garrick, 'why, I could act as well as he myself. I am sure, if I had
+seen a ghost, I should have looked in the very same manner, and done
+just as he did[92].' For, when I asked him, 'Would you not, Sir, start
+as Mr. Garrick does, if you saw a ghost?' He answered, 'I hope not. If I
+did, I should frighten the ghost.'
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, AUGUST 16.
+
+Dr. William Robertson came to breakfast. We talked of _Ogden on Prayer_.
+Dr. Johnson said, 'The same arguments which are used against GOD'S
+hearing prayer, will serve against his rewarding good, and punishing
+evil. He has resolved, he has declared, in the former case as in the
+latter.' He had last night looked into Lord Hailes's _Remarks on the
+History of Scotland_. Dr. Robertson and I said, it was a pity Lord
+Hailes did not write greater things. His lordship had not then published
+his _Annals of Scotland_[93]. JOHNSON. 'I remember I was once on a
+visit at the house of a lady for whom I had a high respect. There was a
+good deal of company in the room. When they were gone, I said to this
+lady, "What foolish talking have we had!" "Yes, (said she,) but while
+they talked, you said nothing." I was struck with the reproof. How much
+better is the man who does anything that is innocent, than he who does
+nothing. Besides, I love anecdotes[94]. I fancy mankind may come, in
+time, to write all aphoristically, except in narrative; grow weary of
+preparation, and connection, and illustration, and all those arts by
+which a big book is made. If a man is to wait till he weaves anecdotes
+into a system, we may be long in getting them, and get but few, in
+comparison of what we might get.
+
+Dr. Robertson said, the notions of _Eupham Macallan_, a fanatick woman,
+of whom Lord Hailes gives a sketch, were still prevalent among some of
+the Presbyterians; and therefore it was right in Lord Hailes, a man of
+known piety, to undeceive them[95].
+
+We walked out[96], that Dr. Johnson might see some of the things which
+we have to shew at Edinburgh. We went to the Parliament-House[97],
+where the Parliament of Scotland sat, and where the _Ordinary Lords_ of
+Session hold their courts; and to the New Session-House adjoining to it,
+where our Court of Fifteen (the fourteen _Ordinaries_, with the Lord
+President at their head,) sit as a court of Review. We went to the
+_Advocates Library_[98], of which Dr. Johnson took a cursory view, and
+then to what is called the _Laigh_[99] (or under) Parliament-House,
+where the records of Scotland, which has an universal security by
+register, are deposited, till the great Register Office be finished. I
+was pleased to behold Dr. Samuel Johnson rolling about in this old
+magazine of antiquities. There was, by this time, a pretty numerous
+circle of us attending upon him. Somebody talked of happy moments for
+composition; and how a man can write at one time, and not at another.
+'Nay, (said Dr. Johnson,) a man may write at any time, if he will set
+himself _doggedly_[100] to it.'
+
+I here began to indulge _old Scottish_[101] sentiments, and to express a
+warm regret, that, by our Union with _England_, we were no more;--our
+independent kingdom was lost[102]. JOHNSON. 'Sir, never talk of your
+independency, who could let your Queen remain twenty years in captivity,
+and then be put to death, without even a pretence of justice, without
+your ever attempting to rescue her; and such a Queen too; as every man
+of any gallantry of spirit would have sacrificed his life for[103].'
+Worthy Mr. JAMES KERR, Keeper of the Records. 'Half our nation was
+bribed by English money.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, that is no defence: that makes
+you worse.' Good Mr. BROWN, Keeper of the Advocates' Library. 'We had
+better say nothing about it.' BOSWELL. 'You would have been glad,
+however, to have had us last war, sir, to fight your battles!' JOHNSON.
+'We should have had you for the same price, though there had been no
+Union, as we might have had Swiss, or other troops. No, no, I shall
+agree to a separation. You have only to _go home_.' Just as he had said
+this, I, to divert the subject, shewed him the signed assurances of the
+three successive Kings of the Hanover family, to maintain the
+Presbyterian establishment in Scotland. 'We'll give you that (said he)
+into the bargain.'
+
+We next went to the great church of St. Giles, which has lost its
+original magnificence in the inside, by being divided into four places
+of Presbyterian worship[104]. 'Come, (said Dr. Johnson jocularly to
+Principal Robertson[105],) let me see what was once a church!' We
+entered that division which was formerly called the _New Church_, and of
+late the _High Church_, so well known by the eloquence of Dr. Hugh
+Blair. It is now very elegantly fitted up; but it was then shamefully
+dirty[106]. Dr. Johnson said nothing at the time; but when we came to
+the great door of the Royal Infirmary, where upon a board was this
+inscription, '_Clean your feet!_' he turned about slyly and said, 'There
+is no occasion for putting this at the doors of your churches!'
+
+We then conducted him down the Post-house stairs, Parliament-close, and
+made him look up from the Cow-gate to the highest building in Edinburgh,
+(from which he had just descended,) being thirteen floors or stories
+from the ground upon the back elevation; the front wall being built upon
+the edge of the hill, and the back wall rising from the bottom of the
+hill several stories before it comes to a level with the front wall. We
+proceeded to the College, with the Principal at our head. Dr. Adam
+Fergusson, whose _Essay on the History of Civil Society[107]_ gives him
+a respectable place in the ranks of literature, was with us. As the
+College buildings[108] are indeed very mean, the Principal said to Dr.
+Johnson, that he must give them the same epithet that a Jesuit did when
+shewing a poor college abroad: '_Hae miseriae nostrae_.' Dr. Johnson
+was, however, much pleased with the library, and with the conversation
+of Dr. James Robertson, Professor of Oriental Languages, the Librarian.
+We talked of Kennicot's edition of the Hebrew Bible[109], and hoped it
+would be quite faithful. JOHNSON. 'Sir, I know not any crime so great
+that a man could contrive to commit, as poisoning the sources of
+eternal truth.'
+
+I pointed out to him where there formerly stood an old wall enclosing
+part of the college, which I remember bulged out in a threatening
+manner, and of which there was a common tradition similar to that
+concerning _Bacon's_ study at Oxford, that it would fall upon some very
+learned man[110]. It had some time before this been taken down, that the
+street might be widened, and a more convenient wall built. Dr. Johnson,
+glad of an opportunity to have a pleasant hit at Scottish learning,
+said, 'they have been afraid it never would fall.'
+
+We shewed him the Royal Infirmary, for which, and for every other
+exertion of generous publick spirit in his power, that noble-minded
+citizen of Edinburgh, George Drummond, will be ever held in honourable
+remembrance. And we were too proud not to carry him to the Abbey of
+Holyrood-house, that beautiful piece of architecture, but, alas! that
+deserted mansion of royalty, which Hamilton of Bangour, in one of his
+elegant poems, calls
+
+     'A virtuous palace, where no monarch dwells[111].'
+
+I was much entertained while Principal Robertson fluently harangued to
+Dr. Johnson, upon the spot, concerning scenes of his celebrated _History
+of Scotland_. We surveyed that part of the palace appropriated to the
+Duke of Hamilton, as Keeper, in which our beautiful Queen Mary lived,
+and in which David Rizzio was murdered; and also the State Rooms. Dr.
+Johnson was a great reciter of all sorts of things serious or comical. I
+overheard him repeating here in a kind of muttering tone, a line of the
+old ballad, _Johnny Armstrong's Last Good Night_:
+
+     'And ran him through the fair body[112]!'
+
+We returned to my house, where there met him, at dinner, the Duchess of
+Douglas[113], Sir Adolphus Oughton, Lord Chief Baron, Sir William
+Forbes, Principal Robertson, Mr. Cullen[114], Advocate. Before dinner he
+told us of a curious conversation between the famous George
+Faulkner[115] and him. George said that England had drained Ireland of
+fifty thousand pounds in specie, annually, for fifty years. 'How so,
+Sir! (said Dr. Johnson,) you must have a very great trade?' 'No trade.'
+'Very rich mines?' 'No mines.' 'From whence, then, does all this money
+come?' 'Come! why out of the blood and bowels of the poor people
+of Ireland!'
+
+He seemed to me to have an unaccountable prejudice against Swift[116];
+for I once took the liberty to ask him, if Swift had personally offended
+him, and he told me he had not. He said to-day, 'Swift is clear, but he
+is shallow. In coarse humour, he is inferior to Arbuthnot[117]; in
+delicate humour, he is inferior to Addison. So he is inferior to his
+contemporaries; without putting him against the whole world. I doubt if
+the _Tale of a Tub_ was his[118]: it has so much more thinking, more
+knowledge, more power, more colour, than any of the works which are
+indisputably his. If it was his, I shall only say, he was _impar
+sibi_[119].'
+
+We gave him as good a dinner as we could. Our Scotch muir-fowl, or
+growse, were then abundant, and quite in season; and so far as wisdom
+and wit can be aided by administering agreeable sensations to the
+palate, my wife took care that our great guest should not be deficient.
+
+Sir Adolphus Oughton, then our Deputy Commander in Chief, who was not
+only an excellent officer, but one of the most universal scholars I ever
+knew, had learned the Erse language, and expressed his belief in the
+authenticity of Ossian's Poetry[120]. Dr. Johnson took the opposite side
+of that perplexed question; and I was afraid the dispute would have run
+high between them. But Sir Adolphus, who had a very sweet temper,
+changed the discourse, grew playful, laughed at Lord Monboddo's[121]
+notion of men having tails, and called him a Judge, _à posteriori_,
+which amused Dr. Johnson; and thus hostilities were prevented.
+
+At supper[122] we had Dr. Cullen, his son the advocate, Dr. Adam
+Fergusson, and Mr. Crosbie, advocate. Witchcraft was introduced[123].
+Mr. Crosbie said, he thought it the greatest blasphemy to suppose evil
+spirits counteracting the Deity, and raising storms, for instance, to
+destroy his creatures. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, if moral evil be consistent
+with the government of the Deity, why may not physical evil be also
+consistent with it? It is not more strange that there should be evil
+spirits, than evil men: evil unembodied spirits, than evil embodied
+spirits. And as to storms, we know there are such things; and it is no
+worse that evil spirits raise them, than that they rise.' CROSBIE. 'But
+it is not credible, that witches should have effected what they are said
+in stories to have done.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, I am not defending their
+credibility. I am only saying, that your arguments are not good, and
+will not overturn the belief of witchcraft.--(Dr. Fergusson said to me,
+aside, 'He is right.')--And then, Sir, you have all mankind, rude and
+civilized, agreeing in the belief of the agency of preternatural powers.
+You must take evidence: you must consider, that wise and great men have
+condemned witches to die[124].' CROSBIE. 'But an act of parliament put
+an end to witchcraft[125].' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; witchcraft had ceased;
+and therefore an act of parliament was passed to prevent persecution for
+what was not witchcraft. Why it ceased, we cannot tell, as we cannot
+tell the reason of many other things.'--Dr. Cullen, to keep up the
+gratification of mysterious disquisition, with the grave address for
+which he is remarkable in his companionable as in his professional
+hours, talked, in a very entertaining manner, of people walking and
+conversing in their sleep. I am very sorry I have no note of this. We
+talked of the _Ouran-Outang_, and of Lord Monboddo's thinking that he
+might be taught to speak. Dr. Johnson treated this with ridicule. Mr.
+Crosbie said, that Lord Monboddo believed the existence of every thing
+possible; in short, that all which is in _posse_ might be found in
+_esse_. JOHNSON. 'But, Sir, it is as possible that the _Ouran-Outang_
+does not speak, as that he speaks. However, I shall not contest the
+point. I should have thought it not possible to find a Monboddo; yet
+_he_ exists.' I again mentioned the stage. JOHNSON. 'The appearance of a
+player, with whom I have drunk tea, counteracts the imagination that he
+is the character he represents. Nay, you know, nobody imagines that he
+is the character he represents. They say, "See _Garrick!_ how he looks
+to night! See how he'll clutch the dagger!" That is the buz of the
+theatre[126].'
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, AUGUST 17.
+
+Sir William Forbes came to breakfast, and brought with him Dr.
+Blacklock[127], whom he introduced to Dr. Johnson, who received him with
+a most humane complacency; 'Dear Dr. Blacklock, I am glad to see you!'
+Blacklock seemed to be much surprized, when Dr. Johnson said, 'it was
+easier to him to write poetry than to compose his _Dictionary_[128]. His
+mind was less on the stretch in doing the one than the other. Besides;
+composing a _Dictionary_ requires books and a desk: you can make a poem
+walking in the fields, or lying in bed. Dr. Blacklock spoke of
+scepticism in morals and religion, with apparent uneasiness, as if he
+wished for more certainty[129]. Dr. Johnson, who had thought it all
+over, and whose vigorous understanding was fortified by much experience,
+thus encouraged the blind Bard to apply to higher speculations what we
+all willingly submit to in common life: in short, he gave him more
+familiarly the able and fair reasoning of Butler's _Analogy_: 'Why, Sir,
+the greatest concern we have in this world, the choice of our
+profession, must be determined without demonstrative reasoning. Human
+life is not yet so well known, as that we can have it. And take the case
+of a man who is ill. I call two physicians: they differ in opinion. I am
+not to lie down, and die between them: I must do something.' The
+conversation then turned on Atheism; on that horrible book, _Système de
+la Nature_[130]; and on the supposition of an eternal necessity, without
+design, without a governing mind. JOHNSON. 'If it were so, why has it
+ceased? Why don't we see men thus produced around us now? Why, at least,
+does it not keep pace, in some measure, with the progress of time? If
+it stops because there is now no need of it, then it is plain there is,
+and ever has been, an all powerful intelligence. But stay! (said he,
+with one of his satyrick laughs[131].) Ha! ha! ha! I shall suppose
+Scotchmen made necessarily, and Englishmen by choice.'
+
+At dinner this day, we had Sir Alexander Dick, whose amiable character,
+and ingenious and cultivated mind, are so generally known; (he was then
+on the verge of seventy, and is now (1785) eighty-one, with his
+faculties entire, his heart warm, and his temper gay;) Sir David
+Dalrymple, Lord Hailes; Mr. Maclaurin[132], advocate; Dr. Gregory, who
+now worthily fills his father's medical chair[133]; and my uncle, Dr.
+Boswell. This was one of Dr. Johnson's best days. He was quite in his
+element. All was literature and taste, without any interruption. Lord
+Hailes, who is one of the best philologists in Great Britain, who has
+written papers in _The World_[134], and a variety of other works in
+prose and in verse, both Latin and English, pleased him highly. He told
+him, he had discovered the life of _Cheynel_, in _The Student_[135], to
+be his. JOHNSON. 'No one else knows it.' Dr. Johnson had, before this,
+dictated to me a law-paper, upon a question purely in the law of
+Scotland, concerning _vicious intromission_[136], that is to say,
+intermeddling with the effects of a deceased person, without a regular
+title; which formerly was understood to subject the intermeddler to
+payment of all the defunct's debts. The principle has of late been
+relaxed. Dr. Johnson's argument was, for a renewal of its strictness.
+The paper was printed, with additions by me, and given into the Court of
+Session. Lord Hailes knew Dr. Johnson's part not to be mine, and pointed
+out exactly where it began, and where it ended. Dr. Johnson said, 'It is
+much, now, that his lordship can distinguish so.'  In Dr. Johnson's
+_Vanity of Human Wishes_, there is the following passage:--
+
+     'The teeming mother, anxious for her race,
+      Begs, for each birth, the fortune of a face:
+      Yet _Vane_ could tell, what ills from beauty spring,
+      And _Sedley_ curs'd the charms which pleas'd a king[137].'
+
+Lord Hailes told him, he was mistaken in the instances he had given of
+unfortunate fair ones; for neither _Vane_ nor _Sedley_ had a title to
+that description. His Lordship has since been so obliging as to send me
+a note of this, for the communication of which I am sure my readers
+will thank me.
+
+'The lines in the tenth Satire of Juvenal, according to my alteration,
+should have run thus:--
+
+     'Yet _Shore_[138] could tell-----;
+      And _Valiere_[139] curs'd------.'
+
+'The first was a penitent by compulsion, the second by sentiment; though
+the truth is, Mademoiselle de la Valiere threw herself (but still from
+sentiment) in the King's way.
+
+'Our friend chose _Vane_[140], who was far from being well-looked; and
+_Sedley_, who was so ugly, that Charles II. said, his brother had her by
+way of penance[141].'
+
+Mr. Maclaurin's learning and talents enabled him to do his part very
+well in Dr. Johnson's company. He produced two epitaphs upon his
+father, the celebrated mathematician[142]. One was in English, of which
+Dr. Johnson did not change one word. In the other, which was in Latin,
+he made several alterations. In place of the very words of _Virgil_,
+'_Ubi luctus et pavor et plurima mortis imago_[143],' he wrote '_Ubi
+luctus regnant et pavor_.' He introduced the word _prorsus_ into the
+line '_Mortalibus prorsus non absit solatium_,' and after '_Hujus enim
+scripta evolve_,' he added '_Mentemque tantarum rerum capacem corpori
+caduco superstitem crede_;' which is quite applicable to Dr. Johnson
+himself[144].
+
+Mr. Murray, advocate, who married a niece of Lord Mansfield's, and is
+now one of the judges of Scotland, by the title of Lord _Henderland_,
+sat with us a part of the evening; but did not venture to say any thing,
+that I remember, though he is certainly possessed of talents which would
+have enabled him to have shewn himself to advantage, if too great
+anxiety had not prevented him.
+
+At supper we had Dr. Alexander Webster, who, though not, learned, had
+such a knowledge of mankind, such a fund of information and
+entertainment, so clear a head and such accommodating manners, that Dr.
+Johnson found him a very agreeable companion.
+
+When Dr. Johnson and I were left by ourselves, I read to him my notes of
+the Opinions of our Judges upon the questions of Literary Property[145].
+He did not like them; and said, 'they make me think of your Judges not
+with that respect which I should wish to do.' To the argument of one of
+them, that there can be no property in blasphemy or nonsense, he
+answered, 'then your rotten sheep are mine! By that rule, when a man's
+house falls into decay, he must lose it.' I mentioned an argument of
+mine, that literary performances are not taxed. As _Churchill_ says,
+
+     'No statesman yet has thought it worth his pains
+      To tax our labours, or excise our brains[146];'
+
+and therefore they are not property. 'Yet, (said he,) we hang a man for
+stealing a horse, and horses are not taxed.' Mr. Pitt has since put an
+end to that argument[147].
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 18.
+
+On this day we set out from Edinburgh. We should gladly have had Mr.
+Scott to go with us; but he was obliged to return to England.--I have
+given a sketch of Dr. Johnson: my readers may wish to know a little of
+his fellow traveller[148]. Think then, of a gentleman of ancient blood,
+the pride of which was his predominant passion. He was then in his
+thirty-third year, and had been about four years happily married. His
+inclination was to be a soldier[149]; but his father, a respectable[150]
+Judge, had pressed him into the profession of the law. He had travelled
+a good deal, and seen many varieties of human life. He had thought more
+than any body supposed, and had a pretty good stock of general learning
+and knowledge[151]. He had all Dr. Johnson's principles, with some
+degree of relaxation. He had rather too little, than too much prudence;
+and, his imagination being lively, he often said things of which the
+effect was very different from the intention[152]. He resembled sometimes
+
+     'The best good man, with the worst natur'd muse[153].'
+
+He cannot deny himself the vanity of finishing with the encomium of Dr.
+Johnson, whose friendly partiality to the companion of his Tour
+represents him as one 'whose acuteness would help my enquiry, and whose
+gaiety of conversation, and civility of manners, are sufficient to
+counteract the inconveniences of travel, in countries less hospitable
+than we have passed[154].'  Dr. Johnson thought it unnecessary to put
+himself to the additional expence of bringing with him Francis Barber,
+his faithful black servant; so we were attended only by my man, Joseph
+Ritter, a Bohemian; a fine stately fellow above six feet high, who had
+been over a great part of Europe, and spoke many languages. He was the
+best servant I ever saw. Let not my readers disdain his introduction!
+For Dr. Johnson gave him this character: 'Sir, he is a civil man, and a
+wise man[155].'
+
+From an erroneous apprehension of violence, Dr. Johnson had provided a
+pair of pistols, some gunpowder, and a quantity of bullets: but upon
+being assured we should run no risk of meeting any robbers, he left his
+arms and ammunition in an open drawer, of which he gave my wife the
+charge. He also left in that drawer one volume of a pretty full and
+curious Diary of his Life, of which I have a few fragments; but the book
+has been destroyed. I wish female curiosity had been strong enough to
+have had it all transcribed; which might easily have been done; and I
+should think the theft, being _pro bono publico_, might have been
+forgiven. But I may be wrong. My wife told me she never once looked into
+it[156].--She did not seem quite easy when we left her: but away
+we went!
+
+Mr. Nairne, advocate, was to go with us as far as St. Andrews. It gives
+me pleasure that, by mentioning his _name_, I connect his title to the
+just and handsome compliment paid him by Dr. Johnson, in his book: 'A
+gentleman who could stay with us only long enough to make us know how
+much we lost by his leaving us[157]. 'When we came to Leith, I talked
+with perhaps too boasting an air, how pretty the Frith of Forth looked;
+as indeed, after the prospect from Constantinople, of which I have been
+told, and that from Naples, which I have seen, I believe the view of
+that Frith and its environs, from the Castle-hill of Edinburgh, is the
+finest prospect in Europe. 'Ay, (said Dr. Johnson,) that is the state of
+the world. Water is the same every where.
+
+     "Una est injusti caerula forma maris[158]."'
+
+I told him the port here was the mouth of the river or water of _Leith_.
+'Not _Lethe_; said Mr. Nairne. 'Why, Sir, (said Dr. Johnson,) when a
+Scotchman sets out from this port for England, he forgets his native
+country.' NAIRNE. 'I hope, Sir, you will forget England here.' JOHNSON.
+'Then 'twill still be more _Lethe_' He observed of the Pier or Quay,
+'you have no occasion for so large a one: your trade does not require
+it: but you are like a shopkeeper who takes a shop, not only for what he
+has to put in it, but that it may be believed he has a great deal to put
+into it.' It is very true, that there is now, comparatively, little
+trade upon the eastern coast of Scotland. The riches of Glasgow shew how
+much there is in the west; and perhaps we shall find trade travel
+westward on a great scale, as well as a small.
+
+We talked of a man's drowning himself. JOHNSON. 'I should never think it
+time to make away with myself.' I put the case of Eustace Budgell[159],
+who was accused of forging a will, and sunk himself in the Thames,
+before the trial of its authenticity came on. 'Suppose, Sir, (said I,)
+that a man is absolutely sure, that, if he lives a few days longer, he
+shall be detected in a fraud, the consequence of which will be utter
+disgrace and expulsion from society.' JOHNSON. 'Then, Sir, let him go
+abroad to a distant country; let him go to some place where he is _not_
+known. Don't let him go to the devil where he _is_ known!'
+
+He then said, 'I see a number of people bare-footed here: I suppose you
+all went so before the Union. Boswell, your ancestors went so, when they
+had as much land as your family has now. Yet _Auchinleck_ is the _Field
+of Stones_: there would be bad going bare-footed there. The _Lairds_,
+however, did it.' I bought some _speldings_, fish (generally whitings)
+salted and dried in a particular manner, being dipped in the sea and
+dried in the sun, and eaten by the Scots by way of a relish. He had
+never seen them, though they are sold in London. I insisted on
+_scottifying_[160] his palate; but he was very reluctant. With
+difficulty I prevailed with him to let a bit of one of them lie in his
+mouth. He did not like it.
+
+In crossing the Frith, Dr. Johnson determined that we should land upon
+Inch Keith[161]. On approaching it, we first observed a high rocky
+shore. We coasted about, and put into a little bay on the North-west. We
+clambered up a very steep ascent, on which was very good grass, but
+rather a profusion of thistles. There were sixteen head of black cattle
+grazing upon the island. Lord Hailes observed to me, that Brantome calls
+it _L'isle des Chevaux_, and that it was probably 'a _safer_ stable'
+than many others in his time. The fort[162], with an inscription on
+it, _Maria Re_ 1564, is strongly built. Dr. Johnson examined it with much
+attention. He stalked like a giant among the luxuriant thistles and
+nettles. There are three wells in the island; but we could not find one
+in the fort. There must probably have been one, though now filled up, as
+a garrison could not subsist without it. But I have dwelt too long on
+this little spot. Dr. Johnson afterwards bade me try to write a
+description of our discovering Inch Keith, in the usual style of
+travellers, describing fully every particular; stating the grounds on
+which we concluded that it must have once been inhabited, and
+introducing many sage reflections; and we should see how a thing might
+be covered in words, so as to induce people to come and survey it. All
+that was told might be true, and yet in reality there might be nothing
+to see. He said, 'I'd have this island. I'd build a house, make a good
+landing-place, have a garden, and vines, and all sorts of trees. A rich
+man, of a hospitable turn, here, would have many visitors from
+Edinburgh.' When we got into our boat again, he called to me, 'Come,
+now, pay a classical compliment to the island on quitting it.' I
+happened luckily, in allusion to the beautiful Queen Mary, whose name is
+upon the fort, to think of what Virgil makes Aeneas say, on having left
+the country of his charming Dido.
+
+     'Invitus, regina, tuo de littore cessi[163].'
+
+'Very well hit off!' said he.
+
+We dined at Kinghorn, and then got into a post-chaise[164]. Mr. Nairne
+and his servant, and Joseph, rode by us. We stopped at Cupar, and drank
+tea. We talked of parliament; and I said, I supposed very few of the
+members knew much of what was going on, as indeed very few gentlemen
+know much of their own private affairs. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, if a man is
+not of a sluggish mind, he may be his own steward. If he will look into
+his affairs, he will soon learn[165]. So it is as to publick affairs.
+There must always be a certain number of men of business in parliament.'
+BOSWELL. 'But consider, Sir; what is the House of Commons? Is not a
+great part of it chosen by peers? Do you think, Sir, they ought to have
+such an influence?' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir. Influence must ever be in
+proportion to property; and it is right it should[166].' BOSWELL. 'But
+is there not reason to fear that the common people may be oppressed?'
+JOHNSON. 'No, Sir. Our great fear is from want of power in government.
+Such a storm of vulgar force has broke in.' BOSWELL. 'It has only
+roared.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, it has roared, till the Judges in
+Westminster-Hall have been afraid to pronounce sentence in opposition to
+the popular cry[167]. You are frightened by what is no longer dangerous,
+like Presbyterians by Popery.' He then repeated a passage, I think, in
+_Butler's Remains_, which ends, 'and would cry, Fire! Fire! in Noah's
+flood[168].'
+
+We had a dreary drive, in a dusky night, to St. Andrews, where we
+arrived late. We found a good supper at Glass's inn, and Dr. Johnson
+revived agreeably. He said, 'the collection called _The Muses' Welcome
+to King James_, (first of England, and sixth of Scotland,) on his return
+to his native kingdom, shewed that there was then abundance of learning
+in Scotland; and that the conceits in that collection, with which people
+find fault, were mere mode.' He added, 'we could not now entertain a
+sovereign so; that Buchanan had spread the spirit of learning amongst
+us, but we had lost it during the civil wars[169].' He did not allow the
+Latin Poetry of Pitcairne so much merit as has been usually attributed
+to it; though he owned that one of his pieces, which he mentioned, but
+which I am sorry is not specified in my notes, was, 'very well.' It is
+not improbable that it was the poem which Prior has so elegantly
+translated[170].
+
+After supper, we made a _procession_ to _Saint Leonard's College_, the
+landlord walking before us with a candle, and the waiter with a lantern.
+That college had some time before been dissolved; and Dr. Watson, a
+professor here, (the historian of Philip II.) had purchased the ground,
+and what buildings remained. When we entered this court, it seemed quite
+academical; and we found in his house very comfortable and genteel
+accommodation[171].
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, AUGUST 19.
+
+We rose much refreshed. I had with me a map of Scotland, a bible which
+was given me by Lord Mountstuart when we were together in Italy[172],
+and Ogden's _Sermons on Prayer_; Mr. Nairne introduced us to Dr. Watson,
+whom we found a well-informed man, of very amiable manners. Dr. Johnson,
+after they were acquainted, said, 'I take great delight in him.' His
+daughter, a very pleasing young lady, made breakfast. Dr. Watson
+observed, that Glasgow University had fewer home-students, since trade
+increased, as learning was rather incompatible with it. JOHNSON. 'Why,
+Sir, as trade is now carried on by subordinate hands, men in trade have
+as much leisure as others; and now learning itself is a trade. A man
+goes to a bookseller, and gets what he can. We have done with
+patronage[173]. In the infancy of learning, we find some great man
+praised for it. This diffused it among others. When it becomes general,
+an authour leaves the great, and applies to the multitude.' BOSWELL. 'It
+is a shame that authours are not now better patronized.' JOHNSON. 'No,
+Sir. If learning cannot support a man, if he must sit with his hands
+across till somebody feeds him, it is as to him a bad thing, and it is
+better as it is. With patronage, what flattery! what falsehood! While a
+man is in equilibrio, he throws truth among the multitude, and lets them
+take it as they please: in patronage, he must say what pleases his
+patron, and it is an equal chance whether that be truth or falsehood.'
+WATSON. 'But is not the case now, that, instead of flattering one
+person, we flatter the age?' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir. The world always lets a
+man tell what he thinks, his own way. I wonder, however, that so many
+people have written, who might have let it alone. That people should
+endeavour to excel in conversation, I do not wonder; because in
+conversation praise is instantly reverberated[174].'
+
+We talked of change of manners. Dr. Johnson observed, that our drinking
+less than our ancestors was owing to the change from ale to wine.' I
+remember, (said he,) when all the _decent_ people in Lichfield got drunk
+every night, and were not the worse thought of[175]. Ale was cheap, so
+you pressed strongly. When a man must bring a bottle of wine, he is not
+in such haste. Smoking has gone out. To be sure, it is a shocking thing,
+blowing smoke out of our mouths into other people's mouths, eyes, and
+noses, and having the same thing done to us. Yet I cannot account, why a
+thing which requires so little exertion, and yet preserves the mind from
+total vacuity, should have gone out[176]. Every man has something by
+which he calms himself: beating with his feet, or so[177]. I remember
+when people in England changed a shirt only once a week[178]: a Pandour,
+when he gets a shirt, greases it to make it last. Formerly, good
+tradesmen had no fire but in the kitchen; never in the parlour, except
+on Sunday. My father, who was a magistrate of Lichfield, lived thus.
+They never began to have a fire in the parlour, but on leaving off
+business, or some great revolution of their life.' Dr. Watson said, the
+hall was as a kitchen, in old squires' houses. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir. The
+hall was for great occasions, and never was used for domestick
+refection[179].' We talked of the Union, and what money it had brought
+into Scotland. Dr. Watson observed, that a little money formerly went as
+far as a great deal now. JOHNSON. 'In speculation, it seems that a
+smaller quantity of money, equal in value to a larger quantity, if
+equally divided, should produce the same effect. But it is not so in
+reality. Many more conveniences and elegancies are enjoyed where money
+is plentiful, than where it is scarce. Perhaps a great familiarity with
+it, which arises from plenty, makes us more easily part with it.'
+
+After what Dr. Johnson had said of St. Andrews, which he had long wished
+to see, as our oldest university, and the seat of our Primate in the
+days of episcopacy, I can say little. Since the publication of Dr.
+Johnson's book, I find that he has been censured for not seeing here
+the ancient chapel of _St. Rule_, a curious piece of sacred
+architecture.[180] But this was neither his fault nor mine. We were both
+of us abundantly desirous of surveying such sort of antiquities: but
+neither of us knew of this. I am afraid the censure must fall on those
+who did not tell us of it. In every place, where there is any thing
+worthy of observation, there should be a short printed directory for
+strangers, such as we find in all the towns of Italy, and in some of the
+towns in England. I was told that there is a manuscript account of St.
+Andrews, by Martin, secretary to Archbishop Sharp;[181] and that one
+Douglas has published a small account of it. I inquired at a
+bookseller's, but could not get it. Dr. Johnson's veneration for the
+Hierarchy is well known.[182] There is no wonder then, that he was
+affected with a strong indignation, while he beheld the ruins of
+religious magnificence. I happened to ask where John Knox was buried.
+Dr. Johnson burst out, 'I hope in the high-way.[183] I have been looking
+at his reformations.'[184]  It was a very fine day. Dr. Johnson seemed
+quite wrapt up in the contemplation of the scenes which were now
+presented to him. He kept his hat off while he was upon any part of the
+ground where the cathedral had stood. He said well, that 'Knox had set
+on a mob, without knowing where it would end; and that differing from a
+man in doctrine was no reason why you should pull his house about his
+ears.' As we walked in the cloisters, there was a solemn echo, while he
+talked loudly of a proper retirement from the world. Mr. Nairne said, he
+had an inclination to retire. I called Dr. Johnson's attention to this,
+that I might hear his opinion if it was right. JOHNSON. 'Yes, when he
+has done his duty to society[185]. In general, as every man is obliged
+not only to "love GOD, but his neighbour as himself," he must bear his
+part in active life; yet there are exceptions. Those who are exceedingly
+scrupulous, (which I do not approve, for I am no friend to
+scruples[186],) and find their scrupulosity[187] invincible, so that
+they are quite in the dark, and know not what they shall do,--or those
+who cannot resist temptations, and find they make themselves worse by
+being in the world, without making it better, may retire[188]. I never
+read of a hermit, but in imagination I kiss his feet; never of a
+monastery, but I could fall on my knees, and kiss the pavement. But I
+think putting young people there, who know nothing of life, nothing of
+retirement, is dangerous and wicked[189]. It is a saying as old
+as Hesiod,
+
+     Erga neon, boulaite meson, enchaite geronton[190].
+
+That is a very noble line: not that young men should not pray, or old
+men not give counsel, but that every season of life has its proper
+duties. I have thought of retiring, and have talked of it to a friend;
+but I find my vocation is rather to active life.' I said, some young
+monks might be allowed, to shew that it is not age alone that can retire
+to pious solitude; but he thought this would only shew that they could
+not resist temptation.
+
+He wanted to mount the steeples, but it could not be done. There are no
+good inscriptions here. Bad Roman characters he naturally mistook for
+half Gothick, half Roman. One of the steeples, which he was told was in
+danger, he wished not to be taken down; 'for, said he, it may fall on
+some of the posterity of John Knox; and no great matter!'--Dinner was
+mentioned. JOHNSON. 'Ay, ay; amidst all these sorrowful scenes, I have
+no objection to dinner[191].'
+
+We went and looked at the castle, where Cardinal Beaton was
+murdered[192], and then visited Principal Murison at his college, where
+is a good library-room; but the Principal was abundantly vain of it, for
+he seriously said to Dr. Johnson, 'you have not such a one in
+England.'[193]
+
+The professors entertained us with a very good dinner. Present: Murison,
+Shaw, Cook, Hill, Haddo, Watson, Flint, Brown. I observed, that I
+wondered to see him eat so well, after viewing so many sorrowful scenes
+of ruined religious magnificence. 'Why, said he, I am not sorry, after
+seeing these gentlemen; for they are not sorry.' Murison said, all
+sorrow was bad, as it was murmuring against the dispensations of
+Providence. JOHNSON. 'Sir, sorrow is inherent in humanity. As you cannot
+judge two and two to be either five, or three, but certainly four, so,
+when comparing a worse present state with a better which is past, you
+cannot but feel sorrow.[194] It is not cured by reason, but by the
+incursion of present objects, which wear out the past. You need not
+murmur, though you are sorry.' MURISON. 'But St. Paul says, "I have
+learnt, in whatever state I am, therewith to be content."' JOHNSON.
+'Sir, that relates to riches and poverty; for we see St. Paul, when he
+had a thorn in the flesh, prayed earnestly to have it removed; and then
+he could not be content.' Murison, thus refuted, tried to be smart, and
+drank to Dr. Johnson, 'Long may you lecture!' Dr. Johnson afterwards,
+speaking of his not drinking wine, said, 'The Doctor spoke of
+_lecturing_ (looking to him). I give all these lectures on water.'
+
+He defended requiring subscription in those admitted to universities,
+thus: 'As all who come into the country must obey the king, so all who
+come into an university must be of the church[195].'
+
+And here I must do Dr. Johnson the justice to contradict a very absurd
+and ill-natured story, as to what passed at St. Andrews. It has been
+circulated, that, after grace was said in English, in the usual manner,
+he with the greatest marks of contempt, as if he had held it to be no
+grace in an university, would not sit down till he had said grace aloud
+in Latin. This would have been an insult indeed to the gentlemen who
+were entertaining us. But the truth was precisely thus. In the course of
+conversation at dinner, Dr. Johnson, in very good humour, said, 'I
+should have expected to have heard a Latin grace, among so many learned
+men: we had always a Latin grace at Oxford. I believe I can repeat
+it.'[196] Which he did, as giving the learned men in one place a
+specimen of what was done by the learned men in another place.
+
+We went and saw the church, in which is Archbishop Sharp's
+monument.[197] I was struck with the same kind of feelings with which
+the churches of Italy impressed me. I was much pleased, to see Dr.
+Johnson actually in St. Andrews, of which we had talked so long.
+Professor Haddo was with us this afternoon, along with Dr. Watson. We
+looked at St. Salvador's College. The rooms for students seemed very
+commodious, and Dr. Johnson said, the chapel was the neatest place of
+worship he had seen. The key of the library could not be found; for it
+seems Professor Hill, who was out of town, had taken it with him. Dr.
+Johnson told a joke he had heard of a monastery abroad, where the key of
+the library could never be found.
+
+It was somewhat dispiriting, to see this ancient archiepiscopal city
+now sadly deserted[198]. We saw in one of its streets a remarkable proof
+of liberal toleration; a nonjuring clergyman, strutting about in his
+canonicals, with a jolly countenance and a round belly, like a
+well-fed monk.
+
+We observed two occupations united in the same person, who had hung out
+two sign-posts. Upon one was, 'James Hood, White Iron Smith' (_i.e._
+Tin-plate Worker). Upon another, 'The Art of Fencing taught, by James
+Hood.'--Upon this last were painted some trees, and two men fencing, one
+of whom had hit the other in the eye, to shew his great dexterity; so
+that the art was well taught. JOHNSON. 'Were I studying here, I should
+go and take a lesson. I remember _Hope_, in his book on this art[199],
+says, "the Scotch are very good fencers."'
+
+We returned to the inn, where we had been entertained at dinner, and
+drank tea in company with some of the Professors, of whose civilities I
+beg leave to add my humble and very grateful acknowledgement to the
+honourable testimony of Dr. Johnson, in his _Journey_[200].
+
+We talked of composition, which was a favourite topick of Dr. Watson's,
+who first distinguished himself by lectures on rhetorick. JOHNSON. 'I
+advised Chambers, and would advise every young man beginning to compose,
+to do it as fast as he can, to get a habit of having his mind to start
+promptly; it is so much more difficult to improve in speed than in
+accuracy[201].' WATSON. 'I own I am for much attention to accuracy in
+composing, lest one should get bad habits of doing it in a slovenly
+manner.' JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, you are confounding _doing_ inaccurately
+with the _necessity_ of doing inaccurately. A man knows when his
+composition is inaccurate, and when he thinks fit he'll correct it. But,
+if a man is accustomed to compose slowly, and with difficulty, upon all
+occasions, there is danger that he may not compose at all, as we do not
+like to do that which is not done easily; and, at any rate, more time is
+consumed in a small matter than ought to be.' WATSON. 'Dr. Hugh Blair
+has taken a week to compose a sermon.' JOHNSON. 'Then, Sir, that is for
+want of the habit of composing quickly, which I am insisting one should
+acquire.' WATSON. 'Blair was not composing all the week, but only such
+hours as he found himself disposed for composition.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir,
+unless you tell me the time he took, you tell me nothing. If I say I
+took a week to walk a mile, and have had the gout five days, and been
+ill otherwise another day, I have taken but one day. I myself have
+composed about forty sermons[202]. I have begun a sermon after dinner,
+and sent it off by the post that night. I wrote forty-eight of the
+printed octavo pages of the _Life of Savage_ at a sitting; but then I
+sat up all night. I have also written six sheets in a day of translation
+from the French[203].' BOSWELL. 'We have all observed how one man
+dresses himself slowly, and another fast.' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir: it is
+wonderful how much time some people will consume in dressing; taking up
+a thing and looking at it, and laying it down, and taking it up again.
+Every one should get the habit of doing it quickly. I would say to a
+young divine, "Here is your text; let me see how soon you can make a
+sermon." Then I'd say, "Let me see how much better you can make it."
+Thus I should see both his powers and his judgement.'
+
+We all went to Dr. Watson's to supper. Miss Sharp, great grandchild of
+Archbishop Sharp, was there; as was Mr. Craig, the ingenious architect
+of the new town of Edinburgh[204] and nephew of Thomson, to whom Dr.
+Johnson has since done so much justice, in his _Lives of the Poets_.
+
+We talked of memory, and its various modes. JOHNSON. 'Memory will play
+strange tricks. One sometimes loses a single word. I once lost _fugaces_
+in the Ode _Posthume, Posthume_[205].' I mentioned to him, that a worthy
+gentleman of my acquaintance actually forgot his own name. JOHNSON.
+'Sir, that was a morbid oblivion.'
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, AUGUST 20.
+
+Dr. Shaw, the professor of divinity, breakfasted with us. I took out my
+_Ogden on Prayer_, and read some of it to the company. Dr. Johnson
+praised him. 'Abernethy[206], (said he,) allows only of a physical
+effect of prayer upon the mind, which may be produced many ways, as well
+as by prayer; for instance, by meditation. Ogden goes farther. In truth,
+we have the consent of all nations for the efficacy of prayer, whether
+offered up by individuals, or by assemblies; and Revelation has told us,
+it will be effectual.' I said, 'Leechman seemed to incline to
+Abernethy's doctrine.' Dr. Watson observed, that Leechman meant to shew,
+that, even admitting no effect to be produced by prayer, respecting the
+Deity, it was useful to our own minds[207]. He had given only a part of
+his system. Dr. Johnson thought he should have given the whole.
+
+Dr. Johnson enforced the strict observance of Sunday[208]. 'It should be
+different (he observed) from another day. People may walk, but not throw
+stones at birds. There may be relaxation, but there should be no
+levity[209].'
+
+We went and saw Colonel Nairne's garden and grotto. Here was a fine old
+plane tree. Unluckily the colonel said, there was but this and another
+large tree in the county. This assertion was an excellent cue for Dr.
+Johnson, who laughed enormously, calling to me to hear it. He had
+expatiated to me on the nakedness of that part of Scotland which he had
+seen. His _Journey_ has been violently abused, for what he has said upon
+this subject. But let it be considered, that, when Dr. Johnson talks of
+trees, he means trees of good size, such as he was accustomed to see in
+England; and of these there are certainly very few upon the _eastern
+coast_ of Scotland. Besides, he said, that he meant to give only a map
+of the road; and let any traveller observe how many trees, which deserve
+the name, he can see from the road from Berwick to Aberdeen[210]. Had
+Dr. Johnson said, 'there are _no_ trees' upon this line, he would have
+said what is colloquially true; because, by no trees, in common speech,
+we mean few. When he is particular in counting, he may be attacked. I
+know not how Colonel Nairne came to say there were but _two_ large trees
+in the county of Fife. I did not perceive that he smiled. There are
+certainly not a great many; but I could have shewn him more than two at
+_Balmuto_, from whence my ancestors came, and which now belongs to a
+branch of my family[211].
+
+The grotto was ingeniously constructed. In the front of it were
+petrified stocks of fir, plane, and some other tree. Dr. Johnson said,
+'Scotland has no right to boast of this grotto; it is owing to personal
+merit. I never denied personal merit to many of you.' Professor Shaw
+said to me, as we walked, 'This is a wonderful man; he is master of
+every subject he handles.' Dr. Watson allowed him a very strong
+understanding, but wondered at his total inattention to established
+manners, as he came from London.
+
+I have not preserved in my Journal, any of the conversation which passed
+between Dr. Johnson and Professor Shaw; but I recollect Dr. Johnson said
+to me afterwards, 'I took much to Shaw.'
+
+We left St. Andrews about noon, and some miles from it observing, at
+_Leuchars_, a church with an old tower, we stopped to look at it. The
+_manse_, as the parsonage-house is called in Scotland, was close by. I
+waited on the minister, mentioned our names, and begged he would tell us
+what he knew about it. He was a very civil old man; but could only
+inform us, that it was supposed to have stood eight hundred years. He
+told us, there was a colony of Danes in his parish[212]; that they had
+landed at a remote period of time, and still remained a distinct people.
+Dr. Johnson shrewdly inquired whether they had brought women with them.
+We were not satisfied as to this colony.
+
+We saw, this day, Dundee and Aberbrothick, the last of which Dr. Johnson
+has celebrated in his _Journey_[213]. Upon the road we talked of the
+Roman Catholick faith. He mentioned (I think) Tillotson's argument
+against transubstantiation: 'That we are as sure we see bread and wine
+only, as that we read in the Bible the text on which that false doctrine
+is founded. We have only the evidence of our senses for both[214].' 'If,
+(he added,) GOD had never spoken figuratively, we might hold that he
+speaks literally, when he says, "This is my body[215]."' BOSWELL. 'But
+what do you say, Sir, to the ancient and continued tradition of the
+church upon this point?' JOHNSON. 'Tradition, Sir, has no place, where
+the Scriptures are plain; and tradition cannot persuade a man into a
+belief of transubstantiation. Able men, indeed, have _said_ they
+believed it.'
+
+This is an awful subject. I did not then press Dr. Johnson upon it: nor
+shall I now enter upon a disquisition concerning the import of those
+words uttered by our Saviour[216], which had such an effect upon many of
+his disciples, that they 'went back, and walked no more with him.' The
+Catechism and solemn office for Communion, in the Church of England,
+maintain a mysterious belief in more than a mere commemoration of the
+death of Christ, by partaking of the elements of bread and wine.
+
+Dr. Johnson put me in mind, that, at St. Andrews, I had defended my
+profession very well, when the question had again been started, Whether
+a lawyer might honestly engage with the first side that offers him a
+fee. 'Sir, (said I,) it was with your arguments against Sir William
+Forbes[217]: but it was much that I could wield the arms of Goliah.'
+
+He said, our judges had not gone deep in the question concerning
+literary property. I mentioned Lord Monboddo's opinion, that if a man
+could get a work by heart, he might print it, as by such an act the mind
+is exercised. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; a man's repeating it no more makes it
+his property, than a man may sell a cow which he drives home.' I said,
+printing an abridgement of a work was allowed, which was only cutting
+the horns and tail off the cow. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; 'tis making the cow
+have a calf[218].'
+
+About eleven at night we arrived at Montrose. We found but a sorry inn,
+where I myself saw another waiter put a lump of sugar with his fingers
+into Dr. Johnson's lemonade, for which he called him 'Rascal!' It put me
+in great glee that our landlord was an Englishman. I rallied the Doctor
+upon this, and he grew quiet[219]. Both Sir John Hawkins's and Dr.
+Burney's _History of Musick_ had then been advertised. I asked if this
+was not unlucky: would not they hurt one another? JOHNSON. 'No, Sir.
+They will do good to one another. Some will buy the one, some the other,
+and compare them; and so a talk is made about a thing, and the books
+are sold.'
+
+He was angry at me for proposing to carry lemons with us to Sky, that
+he might be sure to have his lemonade. 'Sir, (said he,) I do not wish to
+be thought that feeble man who cannot do without any thing. Sir, it is
+very bad manners to carry provisions to any man's house, as if he could
+not entertain you. To an inferior, it is oppressive; to a superior, it
+is insolent.'
+
+Having taken the liberty, this evening, to remark to Dr. Johnson, that
+he very often sat quite silent for a long time, even when in company
+with only a single friend, which I myself had sometimes sadly
+experienced, he smiled and said, 'It is true, Sir[220]. Tom Tyers, (for
+so he familiarly called our ingenious friend, who, since his death, has
+paid a biographical tribute to his memory[221],) Tom Tyers described me
+the best. He once said to me, "Sir, you are like a ghost: you never
+speak till you are spoken to[222]."'
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, AUGUST 31.
+
+Neither the Rev. Mr. Nisbet, the established minister, nor the Rev. Mr.
+Spooner, the episcopal minister, were in town. Before breakfast, we went
+and saw the town-hall, where is a good dancing-room, and other rooms for
+tea-drinking. The appearance of the town from it is very well; but many
+of the houses are built with their ends to the street, which looks
+awkward. When we came down from it, I met Mr. Gleg, a merchant here. He
+went with us to see the English chapel. It is situated on a pretty dry
+spot, and there is a fine walk to it. It is really an elegant building,
+both within and without. The organ is adorned with green and gold. Dr.
+Johnson gave a shilling extraordinary to the clerk, saying, 'He belongs
+to an honest church[223].' I put him in mind, that episcopals were but
+_dissenters_ here; they were only _tolerated_. 'Sir, (said he,) we are
+here, as Christians in Turkey.' He afterwards went into an apothecary's
+shop, and ordered some medicine for himself, and wrote the prescription
+in technical characters. The boy took him for a physician[224].
+
+I doubted much which road to take, whether to go by the coast, or by
+Laurence Kirk and Monboddo. I knew Lord Monboddo and Dr. Johnson did not
+love each other[225]; yet I was unwilling not to visit his Lordship; and
+was also curious to see them together[226]. I mentioned my doubts to Dr.
+Johnson, who said, he would go two miles out of his way to see Lord
+Monboddo[227]. I therefore sent Joseph forward with the
+following note:--
+
+'Montrose, August 21.
+
+'My Dear Lord,
+
+'Thus far I am come with Mr. Samuel Johnson. We must be at Aberdeen
+to-night. I know you do not admire him so much as I do; but I cannot be
+in this country without making you a bow at your old place, as I do not
+know if I may again have an opportunity of seeing Monboddo. Besides, Mr.
+Johnson says, he would go two miles out of his way to see Lord Monboddo.
+I have sent forward my servant, that we may know if your lordship be
+at home.
+
+'I am ever, my dear lord,
+
+'Most sincerely yours,
+
+'JAMES BOSWELL.'
+
+As we travelled onwards from Montrose, we had the Grampion hills in our
+view, and some good land around us, but void of trees and hedges. Dr.
+Johnson has said ludicrously, in his _Journey_, that the _hedges_ were
+of _stone_[228]; for, instead of the verdant _thorn_ to refresh the eye,
+we found the bare _wall_ or _dike_ intersecting the prospect. He
+observed, that it was wonderful to see a country so divested, so
+denuded of trees.
+
+We stopped at Laurence Kirk[229], where our great Grammarian,
+Ruddiman[230], was once schoolmaster. We respectfully remembered that
+excellent man and eminent scholar, by whose labours a knowledge of the
+Latin language will be preserved in Scotland, if it shall be preserved
+at all. Lord Gardenston[231], one of our judges, collected money to
+raise a monument to him at this place, which I hope will be well
+executed[232]. I know my father gave five guineas towards it. Lord
+Gardenston is the proprietor of Laurence Kirk, and has encouraged the
+building of a manufacturing village, of which he is exceedingly fond,
+and has written a pamphlet upon it[233], as if he had founded Thebes; in
+which, however, there are many useful precepts strongly expressed. The
+village seemed to be irregularly built, some of the houses being of
+clay, some of brick, and some of brick and stone. Dr. Johnson observed,
+they thatched well here.  I was a little acquainted with Mr. Forbes,
+the minister of the parish. I sent to inform him that a gentleman
+desired to see him. He returned for answer, 'that he would not come to a
+stranger.' I then gave my name, and he came. I remonstrated to him for
+not coming to a stranger; and, by presenting him to Dr. Johnson, proved
+to him what a stranger might sometimes be. His Bible inculcates, 'be not
+forgetful to entertain strangers,' and mentions the same motive[234]. He
+defended himself by saying, 'He had once come to a stranger who sent for
+him; and he found him "_a little worth person!_"'
+
+Dr. Johnson insisted on stopping at the inn, as I told him that Lord
+Gardenston had furnished it with a collection of books, that travellers
+might have entertainment for the mind, as well as the body. He praised
+the design, but wished there had been more books, and those
+better chosen.
+
+About a mile from Monboddo, where you turn off the road, Joseph was
+waiting to tell us my lord expected us to dinner. We drove over a wild
+moor. It rained, and the scene was somewhat dreary. Dr. Johnson
+repeated, with solemn emphasis, Macbeth's speech on meeting the witches.
+As we travelled on, he told me, 'Sir, you got into our club by doing
+what a man can do[235]. Several of the members wished to keep you out.
+Burke told me, he doubted if you were fit for it: but, now you are in,
+none of them are sorry. Burke says, that you have so much good humour
+naturally, it is scarce a virtue[236].' BOSWELL. 'They were afraid of
+you, Sir, as it was you who proposed me.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, they knew, that
+if they refused you, they'd probably never have got in another. I'd have
+kept them all out. Beauclerk was very earnest for you.' BOSWELL.
+"Beauclerk has a keenness of mind which is very uncommon." JOHNSON.
+'Yes, Sir; and everything comes from him so easily. It appears to me
+that I labour, when I say a good thing.' BOSWELL. 'You are loud, Sir;
+but it is not an effort of mind[237].'
+
+Monboddo is a wretched place, wild and naked, with a poor old house;
+though, if I recollect right, there are two turrets which mark an old
+baron's residence. Lord Monboddo received us at his gate most
+courteously; pointed to the Douglas arms upon his house, and told us
+that his great-grandmother was of that family. 'In such houses (said
+he,) our ancestors lived, who were better men than we.' 'No, no, my lord
+(said Dr. Johnson). We are as strong as they, and a great deal
+wiser[238].' This was an assault upon one of Lord Monboddo's capital
+dogmas, and I was afraid there would have been a violent altercation in
+the very close, before we got into the house. But his lordship is
+distinguished not only for 'ancient metaphysicks,' but for ancient
+_politesse_, '_la vieille cour_' and he made no reply[239].
+
+His lordship was dressed in a rustick suit, and wore a little round
+hat; he told us, we now saw him as _Farmer Burnet_[240], and we should
+have his family dinner, a farmer's dinner. He said, 'I should not have
+forgiven Mr. Boswell, had he not brought you here, Dr. Johnson.' He
+produced a very long stalk of corn, as a specimen of his crop, and said,
+'You see here the _loetas segetes_[241];' he added, that _Virgil_ seemed
+to be as enthusiastick a farmer as he[242], and was certainly a
+practical one. JOHNSON. 'It does not always follow, my lord, that a man
+who has written a good poem on an art, has practised it. Philip Miller
+told me, that in Philips's _Cyder_, a poem, all the precepts were just,
+and indeed better than in books written for the purpose of instructing;
+yet Philips had never made cyder[243].'
+
+I started the subject of emigration[244]. JOHNSON. 'To a man of mere
+animal life, you can urge no argument against going to America, but that
+it will be some time before he will get the earth to produce. But a man
+of any intellectual enjoyment will not easily go and immerse himself and
+his posterity for ages in barbarism.'
+
+He and my lord spoke highly of Homer. JOHNSON. 'He had all the learning
+of his age. The shield of Achilles shews a nation in war, a nation in
+peace; harvest sport, nay, stealing[245].' MONBODDO. 'Ay, and what we
+(looking to me) would call a parliament-house scene[246]; a cause
+pleaded.' JOHNSON. 'That is part of the life of a nation in peace. And
+there are in Homer such characters of heroes, and combinations of
+qualities of heroes, that the united powers of mankind ever since have
+not produced any but what are to be found there.' MONBODDO. 'Yet no
+character is described.' JOHNSON. 'No; they all develope themselves.
+Agamemnon is always a gentleman-like character; he has always [Greek:
+Basilikon ti]. That the ancients held so, is plain from this; that
+Euripides, in his _Hecuba_, makes him the person to interpose[247].'
+MONBODDO. 'The history of manners is the most valuable. I never set a
+high value on any other history.' JOHNSON. 'Nor I; and therefore I
+esteem biography, as giving us what comes near to ourselves, what we can
+turn to use[248].' BOSWELL. 'But in the course of general history, we
+find manners. In wars, we see the dispositions of people, their degrees
+of humanity, and other particulars.' JOHNSON. 'Yes; but then you must
+take all the facts to get this; and it is but a little you get.'
+MONBODDO. 'And it is that little which makes history valuable.' Bravo!
+thought I; they agree like two brothers. MONBODDO. 'I am sorry, Dr.
+Johnson, you were not longer at Edinburgh to receive the homage of our
+men of learning.' JOHNSON. 'My lord, I received great respect and great
+kindness.' BOSWELL. 'He goes back to Edinburgh after our tour.' We
+talked of the decrease of learning in Scotland, and of the _Muses'
+Welcome_[249]. JOHNSON. 'Learning is much decreased in England, in my
+remembrance[250].' MONBODDO. 'You, Sir, have lived to see its decrease
+in England, I its extinction in Scotland.' However, I brought him to
+confess that the High School of Edinburgh did well. JOHNSON. 'Learning
+has decreased in England, because learning will not do so much for a man
+as formerly. There are other ways of getting preferment. Few bishops are
+now made for their learning. To be a bishop, a man must be learned in a
+learned age,--factious in a factious age; but always of eminence[251].
+Warburton is an exception; though his learning alone did not raise him.
+He was first an antagonist to Pope, and helped Theobald to publish his
+_Shakspeare_; but, seeing Pope the rising man, when Crousaz attacked his
+_Essay on Man_, for some faults which it has, and some which it has not,
+Warburton defended it in the Review of that time[252]. This brought him
+acquainted with Pope, and he gained his friendship. Pope introduced him
+to Allen, Allen married him to his niece: so, by Allen's interest and
+his own, he was made a bishop[253]. But then his learning was the _sine
+qua non_: he knew how to make the most of it; but I do not find by any
+dishonest means.' MONBODDO. 'He is a great man.' JOHNSON. 'Yes; he has
+great knowledge,--great power of mind. Hardly any man brings greater
+variety of learning to bear upon his point[254].' MONBODDO. 'He is one
+of the greatest lights of your church.' JOHNSON. 'Why, we are not so
+sure of his being very friendly to us[255]. He blazes, if you will, but
+that is not always the steadiest light. Lowth is another bishop who has
+risen by his learning.'
+
+Dr. Johnson examined young Arthur, Lord Monboddo's son, in Latin. He
+answered very well; upon which he said, with complacency, 'Get you gone!
+When King James comes back[256], you shall be in the _Muses Welcome_!'
+My lord and Dr. Johnson disputed a little, whether the Savage or the
+London Shopkeeper had the best existence; his lordship, as usual,
+preferring the Savage. My lord was extremely hospitable, and I saw both
+Dr. Johnson and him liking each other better every hour.
+
+Dr. Johnson having retired for a short time, his lordship spoke of his
+conversation as I could have wished. Dr. Johnson had said, 'I have done
+greater feats with my knife than this;' though he had eaten a very
+hearty dinner. My lord, who affects or believes he follows an
+abstemious system, seemed struck with Dr. Johnson's manner of living. I
+had a particular satisfaction in being under the roof of Monboddo, my
+lord being my father's old friend, and having been always very good to
+me. We were cordial together. He asked Dr. Johnson and me to stay all
+night. When I said we _must_ be at Aberdeen, he replied, 'Well, I am
+like the Romans: I shall say to you, "Happy to come;--happy to depart!"'
+He thanked Dr. Johnson for his visit.
+
+JOHNSON. 'I little thought, when I had the honour to meet your Lordship
+in London, that I should see you at Monboddo.'
+
+After dinner, as the ladies[257] were going away, Dr. Johnson would
+stand up. He insisted that politeness was of great consequence in
+society. 'It is, (said he,) fictitious benevolence[258]. It supplies the
+place of it amongst those who see each other only in publick, or but
+little. Depend upon it, the want of it never fails to produce something
+disagreeable to one or other. I have always applied to good breeding,
+what Addison in his _Cato_[259] says of honour:--
+
+     "Honour's a sacred tie; the law of Kings;
+      The noble mind's distinguishing perfection,
+      That aids and strengthens Virtue where it meets her;
+      And imitates her actions where she is not."'
+
+When he took up his large oak stick, he said, 'My lord, that's
+_Homerick_[260];' thus pleasantly alluding to his lordship's
+favourite writer.
+
+Gory, my lord's black servant, was sent as our guide, to conduct us to
+the high road. The circumstance of each of them having a black servant
+was another point of similarity between Johnson and Monboddo. I
+observed how curious it was to see an African in the North of Scotland,
+with little or no difference of manners from those of the natives. Dr.
+Johnson laughed to see Gory and Joseph riding together most cordially.
+'Those two fellows, (said he,) one from Africa, the other from Bohemia,
+seem quite at home.' He was much pleased with Lord Monboddo to-day. He
+said, he would have pardoned him for a few paradoxes, when he found he
+had so much that was good: but that, from his appearance in London, he
+thought him all paradox; which would not do. He observed that his
+lordship had talked no paradoxes to-day. 'And as to the savage and the
+London shopkeeper, (said he,) I don't know but I might have taken the
+side of the savage equally, had any body else taken the side of the
+shopkeeper.[261]' He had said to my lord, in opposition to the value of
+the savage's courage, that it was owing to his limited power of
+thinking, and repeated Pope's verses, in which 'Macedonia's madman' is
+introduced, and the conclusion is,
+
+     'Yet ne'er looks forward farther than his nose[262].'
+
+I objected to the last phrase, as being low. JOHNSON. 'Sir, it is
+intended to be low: it is satire. The expression is debased, to debase
+the character.'
+
+When Gory was about to part from us, Dr. Johnson called to him, 'Mr.
+Gory, give me leave to ask you a question! are you baptised?' Gory told
+him he was, and confirmed by the Bishop of Durham. He then gave him
+a shilling.
+
+We had tedious driving this afternoon, and were somewhat drowsy. Last
+night I was afraid Dr. Johnson was beginning to faint in his resolution;
+for he said, 'If we must ride much, we shall not go; and there's an end
+on't.' To-day, when he talked of _Sky_ with spirit, I said, 'Why, Sir,
+you seemed to me to despond yesterday. You are a delicate Londoner;--you
+are a maccaroni[263]; you can't ride.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, I shall ride
+better than you. I was only afraid I should not find a horse able to
+carry me.' I hoped then there would be no fear of getting through our
+wild Tour.
+
+We came to Aberdeen at half an hour past eleven. The New Inn, we were
+told, was full. This was comfortless. The waiter, however, asked, if one
+of our names was Boswell, and brought me a letter left at the inn: it
+was from Mr. Thrale, enclosing one to Dr. Johnson[264]. Finding who I
+was, we were told they would contrive to lodge us by putting us for a
+night into a room with two beds. The waiter said to me in the broad
+strong Aberdeenshire dialect, 'I thought I knew you by your likeness to
+your father.' My father puts up at the New Inn, when on his circuit.
+Little was said to-night. I was to sleep in a little press-bed in Dr.
+Johnson's room. I had it wheeled out into the dining-room, and there I
+lay very well.
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, AUGUST 22.
+
+I sent a message to Professor Thomas Gordon, who came and breakfasted
+with us. He had secured seats for us at the English chapel. We found a
+respectable congregation, and an admirable organ, well played by
+Mr. Tait.
+
+We walked down to the shore: Dr. Johnson laughed to hear that Cromwell's
+soldiers taught the Aberdeen people to make shoes and stockings, and to
+plant cabbages[265]. He asked, if weaving the plaids[266] was ever a
+domestick art in the Highlands, like spinning or knitting. They could
+not inform him here. But he conjectured probably, that where people
+lived so remote from each other, it was likely to be a domestick art; as
+we see it was among the ancients, from Penelope. I was sensible to-day,
+to an extraordinary degree, of Dr. Johnson's excellent English
+pronunciation. I cannot account for its striking me more now than any
+other day: but it was as if new to me; and I listened to every sentence
+which he spoke, as to a musical composition. Professor Gordon gave him
+an account of the plan of education in his college. Dr. Johnson said, it
+was similar to that at Oxford. Waller the poet's great-grandson was
+studying here. Dr. Johnson wondered that a man should send his son so
+far off, when there were so many good schools in England[267]. He said,
+'At a great school there is all the splendour and illumination of many
+minds; the radiance of all is concentrated in each, or at least
+reflected upon each. But we must own that neither a dull boy, nor an
+idle boy, will do so well at a great school as at a private one. For at
+a great school there are always boys enough to do well easily, who are
+sufficient to keep up the credit of the school; and after whipping being
+tried to no purpose, the dull or idle boys are left at the end of a
+class, having the appearance of going through the course, but learning
+nothing at all[268]. Such boys may do good at a private school, where
+constant attention is paid to them, and they are watched. So that the
+question of publick or private education is not properly a general one;
+but whether one or the other is best for _my son_.'  We were told the
+present Mr. Waller was a plain country gentleman; and his son would be
+such another. I observed, a family could not expect a poet but in a
+hundred generations. 'Nay, (said Dr. Johnson,) not one family in a
+hundred can expect a poet in a hundred generations.' He then repeated
+Dryden's celebrated lines,
+
+     'Three poets in three distant ages born,' &c.
+
+and a part of a Latin translation of it done at Oxford[269]: he did not
+then say by whom.
+
+He received a card from Sir Alexander Gordon, who had been his
+acquaintance twenty years ago in London, and who, 'if forgiven for not
+answering a line from him,' would come in the afternoon. Dr. Johnson
+rejoiced to hear of him, and begged he would come and dine with us. I
+was much pleased to see the kindness with which Dr. Johnson received his
+old friend Sir Alexander[270]; a gentleman of good family, _Lismore_,
+but who had not the estate. The King's College here made him Professor
+of Medicine, which affords him a decent subsistence. He told us that the
+value of the stockings exported from Aberdeen was, in peace, a hundred
+thousand pounds; and amounted, in time of war, to one hundred and
+seventy thousand pounds. Dr. Johnson asked, What made the difference?
+Here we had a proof of the comparative sagacity of the two professors.
+Sir Alexander answered, 'Because there is more occasion for them in
+war.' Professor Thomas Gordon answered, 'Because the Germans, who are
+our great rivals in the manufacture of stockings, are otherwise employed
+in time of war.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, you have given a very good solution.'
+
+At dinner, Dr. Johnson ate several plate-fulls of Scotch broth, with
+barley and peas in it, and seemed very fond of the dish. I said, 'You
+never ate it before.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; but I don't care how soon I eat
+it again[271].' My cousin, Miss Dallas, formerly of Inverness, was
+married to Mr. Riddoch, one of the ministers of the English chapel here.
+He was ill, and confined to his room; but she sent us a kind invitation
+to tea, which we all accepted. She was the same lively, sensible,
+cheerful woman as ever. Dr. Johnson here threw out some jokes against
+Scotland. He said, 'You go first to Aberdeen; then to _Enbru_ (the
+Scottish pronunciation of Edinburgh); then to Newcastle, to be polished
+by the colliers; then to York; then to London.' And he laid hold of a
+little girl, Stuart Dallas, niece to Mrs. Riddoch, and, representing
+himself as a giant, said, he would take her with him! telling her, in a
+hollow voice, that he lived in a cave, and had a bed in the rock, and
+she should have a little bed cut opposite to it!
+
+He thus treated the point, as to prescription of murder in
+Scotland[272]. 'A jury in England would make allowance for deficiencies
+of evidence, on account of lapse of time; but a general rule that a
+crime should not be punished, or tried for the purpose of punishment,
+after twenty years, is bad. It is cant to talk of the King's advocate
+delaying a prosecution from malice. How unlikely is it the King's
+advocate should have malice against persons who commit murder, or should
+even know them at all. If the son of the murdered man should kill the
+murderer who got off merely by prescription, I would help him to make
+his escape; though, were I upon his jury, I would not acquit him. I
+would not advise him to commit such an act. On the contrary, I would bid
+him submit to the determination of society, because a man is bound to
+submit to the inconveniences of it, as he enjoys the good: but the
+young man, though politically wrong, would not be morally wrong. He
+would have to say, 'here I am amongst barbarians, who not only refuse to
+do justice, but encourage the greatest of all crimes. I am therefore in
+a state of nature: for, so far as there is no law, it is a state of
+nature: and consequently, upon the eternal and immutable law of justice,
+which requires that he who sheds man's blood should have his blood
+shed[273], I will stab the murderer of my father.'
+
+We went to our inn, and sat quietly. Dr. Johnson borrowed, at Mr.
+Riddoch's, a volume of _Massillon's Discourses on the Psalms_: but I
+found he read little in it. Ogden too he sometimes took up, and glanced
+at; but threw it down again. I then entered upon religious conversation.
+Never did I see him in a better frame: calm, gentle, wise, holy. I said,
+'Would not the same objection hold against the Trinity as against
+Transubstantiation?' 'Yes, (said he,) if you take three and one in the
+same sense. If you do so, to be sure you cannot believe it: but the
+three persons in the Godhead are Three in one sense, and One in another.
+We cannot tell how; and that is the mystery!'
+
+I spoke of the satisfaction of Christ. He said his notion was, that it
+did not atone for the sins of the world; but, by satisfying divine
+justice, by shewing that no less than the Son of God suffered for sin,
+it shewed to men and innumerable created beings, the heinousness of it,
+and therefore rendered it unnecessary for divine vengeance to be
+exercised against sinners, as it otherwise must have been; that in this
+way it might operate even in favour of those who had never heard of it:
+as to those who did hear of it, the effect it should produce would be
+repentance and piety, by impressing upon the mind a just notion of sin:
+that original sin was the propensity to evil, which no doubt was
+occasioned by the fall. He presented this solemn subject in a new light
+to me[274], and rendered much more rational and clear the doctrine of
+what our Saviour has done for us;--as it removed the notion of imputed
+righteousness in co-operating; whereas by this view, Christ has done all
+already that he had to do, or is ever to do for mankind, by making his
+great satisfaction; the consequences of which will affect each
+individual according to the particular conduct of each. I would
+illustrate this by saying, that Christ's satisfaction resembles a sun
+placed to shew light to men, so that it depends upon themselves whether
+they will walk the right way or not, which they could not have done
+without that sun, '_the sun of righteousness_[275]' There is, however,
+more in it than merely giving light--_a light to lighten the
+Gentiles_[276]: for we are told, there _is healing under his
+wings_[277]. Dr. Johnson said to me, 'Richard Baxter commends a
+treatise by Grotius, _De Satisfactione Christi_. I have never read it:
+but I intend to read it; and you may read it.' I remarked, upon the
+principle now laid down, we might explain the difficult and seemingly
+hard text, 'They that believe shall be saved; and they that believe not
+shall be damned[278]:' They that believe shall have such an impression
+made upon their minds, as will make them act so that they may be
+accepted by GOD.
+
+We talked of one of our friends[279] taking ill, for a length of time, a
+hasty expression of Dr. Johnson's to him, on his attempting to prosecute
+a subject that had a reference to religion, beyond the bounds within
+which the Doctor thought such topicks should be confined in a mixed
+company. JOHNSON. 'What is to become of society, if a friendship of
+twenty years is to be broken off for such a cause?' As Bacon says,
+
+     'Who then to frail mortality shall trust,
+      But limns the water, or but writes in dust[280].'
+
+I said, he should write expressly in support of Christianity; for that,
+although a reverence for it shines through his works in several places,
+that is not enough. 'You know, (said I,) what Grotius has done, and what
+Addison has done[281].--You should do also.' He replied, 'I hope
+I shall.'
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, AUGUST 23.
+
+Principal Campbell, Sir Alexander Gordon, Professor Gordon, and
+Professor Ross, visited us in the morning, as did Dr. Gerard, who had
+come six miles from the country on purpose. We went and saw the
+Marischal College[282], and at one o'clock we waited on the magistrates
+in the town hall, as they had invited us in order to present Dr. Johnson
+with the freedom of the town, which Provost Jopp did with a very good
+grace. Dr. Johnson was much pleased with this mark of attention, and
+received it very politely. There was a pretty numerous company
+assembled. It was striking to hear all of them drinking 'Dr. Johnson!
+Dr. Johnson!' in the town-hall of Aberdeen, and then to see him with
+his burgess-ticket, or diploma[283], in his hat, which he wore as he
+walked along the street, according to the usual custom. It gave me great
+satisfaction to observe the regard, and indeed fondness too, which every
+body here had for my father.
+
+While Sir Alexander Gordon conducted Dr. Johnson to old Aberdeen,
+Professor Gordon and I called on Mr. Riddoch, whom I found to be a grave
+worthy clergyman. He observed, that, whatever might be said of Dr.
+Johnson while he was alive, he would, after he was dead, be looked upon
+by the world with regard and astonishment, on account of his
+_Dictionary_.
+
+Professor Gordon and I walked over to the Old College, which Dr. Johnson
+had seen by this time. I stepped into the chapel, and looked at the tomb
+of the founder, Archbishop Elphinston[284], of whom I shall have
+occasion to write in my _History of James IV. of Scotland_, the patron
+of my family[285].  We dined at Sir Alexander Gordon's. The Provost,
+Professor Ross, Professor Dunbar, Professor Thomas Gordon, were there.
+After dinner came in Dr. Gerard, Professor Leslie[286], Professor
+Macleod. We had little or no conversation in the morning; now we were
+but barren. The professors seemed afraid to speak[287].
+
+Dr. Gerard told us that an eminent printer[288] was very intimate with
+Warburton. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, he has printed some of his works, and
+perhaps bought the property of some of them. The intimacy is such as one
+of the professors here may have with one of the carpenters who is
+repairing the college.' 'But, (said Gerard,) I saw a letter from him to
+this printer, in which he says, that the one half of the clergy of the
+church of Scotland are fanaticks, and the other half infidels.' JOHNSON.
+'Warburton has accustomed himself to write letters just as he speaks,
+without thinking any more of what he throws out[289]. When I read
+Warburton first, and observed his force, and his contempt of mankind, I
+thought he had driven the world before him; but I soon found that was
+not the case; for Warburton, by extending his abuse, rendered it
+ineffectual[290].'
+
+He told me, when we were by ourselves, that he thought it very wrong in
+the printer to shew Warburton's letter, as it was raising a body of
+enemies against him. He thought it foolish in Warburton to write so to
+the printer; and added, 'Sir, the worst way of being intimate, is by
+scribbling.' He called Warburton's _Doctrine of Grace_[291] a poor
+performance, and so he said was Wesley's Answer[292]. 'Warburton, he
+observed, had laid himself very open. In particular, he was weak enough
+to say, that, in some disorders of the imagination, people had spoken
+with tongues, had spoken languages which they never knew before; a thing
+as absurd as to say, that, in some disorders of the imagination, people
+had been known to fly.'
+
+I talked of the difference of genius, to try if I could engage Gerard in
+a disquisition with Dr. Johnson; but I did not succeed. I mentioned, as
+a curious fact, that Locke had written verses. JOHNSON. 'I know of none,
+Sir, but a kind of exercise prefixed to Dr. Sydenham's Works[293], in
+which he has some conceits about the dropsy, in which water and burning
+are united; and how Dr. Sydenham removed fire by drawing off water,
+contrary to the usual practice, which is to extinguish fire by bringing
+water upon it. I am not sure that there is a word of all this; but it is
+such kind of talk[294].'  We spoke of _Fingal_[295]. Dr. Johnson said
+calmly, 'If the poems were really translated, they were certainly first
+written down. Let Mr. Macpherson deposite the manuscript in one of the
+colleges at Aberdeen, where there are people who can judge; and, if the
+professors certify the authenticity, then there will be an end of the
+controversy. If he does not take this obvious and easy method, he gives
+the best reason to doubt; considering too, how much is against it
+_à priori'_.
+
+We sauntered after dinner in Sir Alexander's garden, and saw his little
+grotto, which is hung with pieces of poetry written in a fair hand. It
+was agreeable to observe the contentment and kindness of this quiet,
+benevolent man. Professor Macleod was brother to Macleod of Talisker,
+and brother-in-law to the Laird of Col. He gave me a letter to young
+Col. I was weary of this day, and began to think wishfully of being
+again in motion. I was uneasy to think myself too fastidious, whilst I
+fancied Dr. Johnson quite satisfied. But he owned to me that he was
+fatigued and teased by Sir Alexander's doing too much to entertain him.
+I said, it was all kindness. JOHNSON. 'True, Sir; but sensation is
+sensation.' BOSWELL. 'It is so: we feel pain equally from the surgeon's
+probe, as from the sword of the foe.'
+
+We visited two booksellers' shops, and could not find Arthur Johnston's
+Poems'[296]. We went and sat near an hour at Mr. Riddoch's. He could
+not tell distinctly how much education at the college here costs[297],
+which disgusted Dr. Johnson. I had pledged myself that we should go to
+the inn, and not stay supper. They pressed us, but he was resolute. I
+saw Mr. Riddoch did not please him. He said to me, afterwards, 'Sir, he
+has no vigour in his talk.' But my friend should have considered that he
+himself was not in good humour; so that it was not easy to talk to his
+satisfaction. We sat contentedly at our inn. He then became merry, and
+observed how little we had either heard or said at Aberdeen: that the
+Aberdonians had not started a single _mawkin_ (the Scottish word for
+hare) for us to pursue[298].
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, AUGUST 24.
+
+We set out about eight in the morning, and breakfasted at Ellon. The
+landlady said to me, 'Is not this the great Doctor that is going about
+through the country?' I said, 'Yes.' 'Ay, (said she) we heard of him. I
+made an errand into the room on purpose to see him. There's something
+great in his appearance: it is a pleasure to have such a man in one's
+house; a man who does so much good. If I had thought of it, I would have
+shewn him a child of mine, who has had a lump on his throat for some
+time.' 'But, (said I,) he is not a doctor of physick.' 'Is he an
+oculist?' said the landlord. 'No, (said I,) he is only a very learned
+man.' LANDLORD. 'They say he is the greatest man in England, except Lord
+Mansfield[299].' Dr. Johnson was highly entertained with this, and I do
+think he was pleased too. He said, 'I like the exception: to have called
+me the greatest man in England, would have been an unmeaning compliment:
+but the exception marked that the praise was in earnest: and, in
+_Scotland_, the exception must be _Lord Mansfield_, or--_Sir John
+Pringle_[300].'
+
+He told me a good story of Dr. Goldsmith. Graham, who wrote _Telemachus,
+a Masque_[301], was sitting one night with him and Dr. Johnson, and was
+half drunk. He rattled away to Dr. Johnson: 'You are a clever fellow, to
+be sure; but you cannot write an essay like Addison, or verses like the
+RAPE OF THE LOCK.' At last he said[302], '_Doctor_, I should be happy to
+see you at Eaton[303].' 'I shall be glad to wait on you,' answered
+Goldsmith. 'No, (said Graham,) 'tis not you I mean, Dr. _Minor_; 'tis
+Doctor _Major_, there.' Goldsmith was excessively hurt by this. He
+afterwards spoke of it himself. 'Graham, (said he,) is a fellow to make
+one commit suicide.'
+
+We had received a polite invitation to Slains castle. We arrived there
+just at three o'clock, as the bell for dinner was ringing. Though, from
+its being just on the North-east Ocean, no trees will grow here, Lord
+Errol has done all that can be done. He has cultivated his fields so as
+to bear rich crops of every kind, and he has made an excellent
+kitchen-garden, with a hot-house. I had never seen any of the family:
+but there had been a card of invitation written by the honourable
+Charles Boyd, the earl's brother[304]. We were conducted into the
+house, and at the dining-room door were met by that gentleman, whom both
+of us at first took to be Lord Errol; but he soon corrected our mistake.
+My Lord was gone to dine in the neighbourhood, at an entertainment given
+by Mr. Irvine of Drum. Lady Errol received us politely, and was very
+attentive to us during the time of dinner. There was nobody at table but
+her ladyship, Mr. Boyd, and some of the children, their governour and
+governess. Mr. Boyd put Dr. Johnson in mind of having dined with him at
+Cumming the Quaker's[305], along with a Mr. Hall and Miss Williams[306]:
+this was a bond of connection between them. For me, Mr. Boyd's
+acquaintance with my father was enough. After dinner, Lady Errol
+favoured us with a sight of her young family, whom she made stand up in
+a row. There were six daughters and two sons. It was a very
+pleasing sight.
+
+Dr. Johnson proposed our setting out. Mr. Boyd said, he hoped we would
+stay all night; his brother would be at home in the evening, and would
+be very sorry if he missed us. Mr. Boyd was called out of the room. I
+was very desirous to stay in so comfortable a house, and I wished to
+see Lord Errol. Dr Johnson, however, was right in resolving to go, if we
+were not asked again, as it is best to err on the safe side in such
+cases, and to be sure that one is quite welcome. To my great joy, when
+Mr. Boyd returned, he told Dr. Johnson that it was Lady Errol who had
+called him out, and said that she would never let Dr. Johnson into the
+house again, if he went away that night; and that she had ordered the
+coach, to carry us to view a great curiosity on the coast, after which
+we should see the house. We cheerfully agreed.
+
+Mr. Boyd was engaged, in 1745-6, on the same side with many unfortunate
+mistaken noblemen and gentlemen. He escaped, and lay concealed for a
+year in the island of Arran, the ancient territory of the Boyds. He then
+went to France, and was about twenty years on the continent. He married
+a French Lady, and now lived very comfortably at Aberdeen, and was much
+at Slains castle. He entertained us with great civility. He had a
+pompousness or formal plenitude in his conversation, which I did not
+dislike. Dr. Johnson said, 'there was too much elaboration in his talk.'
+It gave me pleasure to see him, a steady branch of the family, setting
+forth all its advantages with much zeal. He told us that Lady Errol was
+one of the most pious and sensible women in the island; had a good head,
+and as good a heart. He said, she did not use force or fear in educating
+her children. JOHNSON. 'Sir, she is wrong[307]; I would rather have the
+rod to be the general terror to all, to make them learn, than tell a
+child if you do thus or thus, you will be more esteemed than your
+brothers or sisters. The rod produces an effect which terminates in
+itself. A child is afraid of being whipped, and gets his task, and
+there's an end on't; whereas, by exciting emulation, and comparisons of
+superiority, you lay the foundation of lasting mischief; you make
+brothers and sisters hate each other.'
+
+During Mr. Boyd's stay in Arran, he had found a chest of medical books,
+left by a surgeon there, and had read them till he acquired some skill
+in physick, in consequence of which he is often consulted by the poor.
+There were several here waiting for him as patients. We walked round the
+house till stopped by a cut made by the influx of the sea. The house is
+built quite upon the shore; the windows look upon the main ocean, and
+the King of Denmark is Lord Errol's nearest neighbour on the
+north-east[308].
+
+We got immediately into the coach, and drove to _Dunbui_, a rock near
+the shore, quite covered with sea-fowls; then to a circular bason of
+large extent, surrounded with tremendous rocks. On the quarter next the
+sea, there is a high arch in the rock, which the force of the tempest
+has driven out. This place is called _Buchan's Buller_, or the _Buller
+of Buchan_, and the country people call it the _Pot_. Mr. Boyd said it
+was so called from the French _Bouloir_. It may be more simply traced
+from _Boiler_ in our own language. We walked round this monstrous
+cauldron. In some places, the rock is very narrow; and on each side
+there is a sea deep enough for a man of war to ride in; so that it is
+somewhat horrid to move along. However, there is earth and grass upon
+the rock, and a kind of road marked out by the print of feet; so that
+one makes it out pretty safely: yet it alarmed me to see Dr. Johnson
+striding irregularly along. He insisted on taking a boat, and sailing
+into the Pot. We did so. He was stout, and wonderfully alert. The
+Buchan-men all shewing their teeth, and speaking with that strange sharp
+accent which distinguishes them, was to me a matter of curiosity. He was
+not sensible of the difference of pronunciation in the South and North
+of Scotland, which I wondered at.
+
+As the entry into the _Buller_ is so narrow that oars cannot be used as
+you go in, the method taken is, to row very hard when you come near it,
+and give the boat such a rapidity of motion that it glides in. Dr.
+Johnson observed what an effect this scene would have had, were we
+entering into an unknown place. There are caves of considerable depth; I
+think, one on each side. The boatmen had never entered either of them
+far enough to know the size. Mr. Boyd told us that it is customary for
+the company at Peterhead well, to make parties, and come and dine in one
+of the caves here.
+
+He told us, that, as Slains is at a considerable distance from Aberdeen,
+Lord Errol, who has a very large family, resolved to have a surgeon of
+his own. With this view he educated one of his tenant's sons, who is now
+settled in a very neat house and farm just by, which we saw from the
+road. By the salary which the earl allows him, and the practice which he
+has had, he is in very easy circumstances. He had kept an exact account
+of all that had been laid out on his education, and he came to his
+lordship one day, and told him that he had arrived at a much higher
+situation than ever he expected; that he was now able to repay what his
+lordship had advanced, and begged he would accept of it. The earl was
+pleased with the generous gratitude and genteel offer of the man; but
+refused it. Mr. Boyd also told us, Cumming the Quaker first began to
+distinguish himself by writing against Dr. Leechman on Prayer[309], to
+prove it unnecessary, as GOD knows best what should be, and will order
+it without our asking:--the old hackneyed objection.
+
+When we returned to the house we found coffee and tea in the
+drawing-room. Lady Errol was not there, being, as I supposed, engaged
+with her young family. There is a bow-window fronting the sea. Dr.
+Johnson repeated the ode, _Jam satis terris_[310], while Mr. Boyd was
+with his patients. He spoke well in favour of entails[311], to preserve
+lines of men whom mankind are accustomed to reverence. His opinion was
+that so much land should be entailed as that families should never fall
+into contempt, and as much left free as to give them all the advantages
+of property in case of any emergency. 'If (said he,) the nobility are
+suffered to sink into indigence[312], they of course become corrupt;
+they are ready to do whatever the king chooses; therefore it is fit they
+should be kept from becoming poor, unless it is fixed that when they
+fall below a certain standard of wealth they shall lose their
+peerages[313]. We know the House of Peers have made noble stands, when
+the House of Commons durst not. The two last years of parliament they
+dare not contradict the populace[314].'
+
+This room is ornamented with a number of fine prints, and with a whole
+length picture of Lord Errol, by Sir Joshua Reynolds. This led Dr.
+Johnson and me to talk of our amiable and elegant friend, whose
+panegyrick he concluded by saying, 'Sir Joshua Reynolds, Sir, is the
+most invulnerable man I know; the man with whom if you should quarrel,
+you would find the most difficulty how to abuse[315].'
+
+Dr. Johnson observed, the situation here was the noblest he had ever
+seen,--better than Mount Edgecumbe, reckoned the first in England;
+because, at Mount Edgecumbe[316], the sea is bounded by land on the
+other side, and though there is there the grandeur of a fleet, there is
+also the impression of there being a dock-yard, the circumstances of
+which are not agreeable. At Slains is an excellent old house. The noble
+owner has built of brick, along the square in the inside, a gallery,
+both on the first and second story, the house being no higher; so that
+he has always a dry walk, and the rooms, to which formerly there was no
+approach but through each other, have now all separate entries from the
+gallery, which is hung with Hogarth's works, and other prints. We went
+and sat a while in the library. There is a valuable numerous
+collection. It was chiefly made by Mr. Falconer, husband to the late
+Countess of Errol in her own right. This earl has added a good many
+modern books.
+
+About nine the Earl came home. Captain Gordon of Park was with him. His
+Lordship put Dr. Johnson in mind of their having dined together in
+London, along with Mr. Beauclerk. I was exceedingly pleased with Lord
+Errol. His dignified person and agreeable countenance, with the most
+unaffected affability, give me high satisfaction. From perhaps a
+weakness, or, as I rather hope, more fancy and warmth of feeling than is
+quite reasonable, my mind is ever impressed with admiration for persons
+of high birth, and I could, with the most perfect honesty, expatiate on
+Lord Errol's good qualities; but he stands in no need of my praise. His
+agreeable manners and softness of address prevented that constraint
+which the idea of his being Lord High Constable of Scotland[317] might
+otherwise have occasioned. He talked very easily and sensibly with his
+learned guest. I observed that Dr. Johnson, though he shewed that
+respect to his lordship, which, from principle, he always does to high
+rank, yet, when they came to argument, maintained that manliness which
+becomes the force and vigour of his understanding. To shew external
+deference to our superiors, is proper: to seem to yield to them in
+opinion, is meanness[318]. The earl said grace, both before and after
+supper, with much decency. He told us a story of a man who was executed
+at Perth, some years ago, for murdering a woman who was with child by
+him, and a former child he had by her. His hand was cut off: he was then
+pulled up; but the rope broke, and he was forced to lie an hour on the
+ground, till another rope was brought from Perth, the execution being in
+a wood at some distance,--at the place where the murders were committed.
+_'There_,(said my lord,) _I see the hand of Providence_.' I was really
+happy here. I saw in this nobleman the best dispositions and best
+principles; and I saw him, _in my mind's eye_[319], to be the
+representative of the ancient Boyds of Kilmarnock. I was afraid he might
+have urged drinking, as, I believe, he used formerly to do; but he drank
+port and water out of a large glass himself, and let us do as we
+pleased[320]. He went with us to our rooms at night; said, he took the
+visit very kindly; and told me, my father and he were very old
+acquaintance;--that I now knew the way to Slains, and he hoped to see me
+there again.
+
+I had a most elegant room; but there was a fire in it which blazed; and
+the sea, to which my windows looked, roared; and the pillows were made
+of the feathers of some sea-fowl, which had to me a disagreeable smell;
+so that, by all these causes, I was kept awake a good while. I saw, in
+imagination, Lord Errol's father, Lord Kilmarnock[321] (who was beheaded
+on Tower-hill in 1746), and I was somewhat dreary. But the thought did
+not last long, and I fell asleep.
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 25.
+
+We got up between seven and eight, and found Mr. Boyd in the
+dining-room, with tea and coffee before him, to give us breakfast. We
+were in an admirable humour. Lady Errol had given each of us a copy of
+an ode by Beattie, on the birth of her son, Lord Hay. Mr. Boyd asked Dr.
+Johnson how he liked it. Dr. Johnson, who did not admire it, got off
+very well, by taking it out, and reading the second and third stanzas of
+it with much melody. This, without his saying a word, pleased Mr. Boyd.
+He observed, however, to Dr. Johnson, that the expression as to the
+family of Errol,
+
+     'A thousand years have seen it shine,'
+
+compared with what went before, was an anticlimax, and that it would
+have been better
+
+     'Ages have seen,' &c.
+
+Dr. Johnson said, 'So great a number as a thousand is better. _Dolus
+latet in universalibus_. Ages might be only two ages.' He talked of the
+advantage of keeping up the connections of relationship, which produce
+much kindness. 'Every man (said he,) who comes into the world, has need
+of friends. If he has to get them for himself, half his life is spent
+before his merit is known. Relations are a man's ready friends who
+support him. When a man is in real distress, he flies into the arms of
+his relations. An old lawyer, who had much experience in making wills,
+told me, that after people had deliberated long, and thought of many for
+their executors, they settled at last by fixing on their relations. This
+shews the universality of the principle.'
+
+I regretted the decay of respect for men of family, and that a Nabob now
+would carry an election from them. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, the Nabob will
+carry it by means of his wealth, in a country where money is highly
+valued, as it must be where nothing can be had without money; but, if it
+comes to personal preference, the man of family will always carry
+it[322]. There is generally a _scoundrelism_ about a low man[323].' Mr.
+Boyd said, that was a good _ism_.
+
+I said, I believed mankind were happier in the ancient feudal state[324]
+of subordination, than they are in the modern state of independency.
+JOHNSON. 'To be sure, the _Chief_ was: but we must think of the number
+of individuals. That _they_ were less happy, seems plain; for that state
+from which all escape as soon as they can, and to which none return
+after they have left it, must be less happy; and this is the case with
+the state of dependance on a chief or great man.'
+
+I mentioned the happiness of the French in their subordination, by the
+reciprocal benevolence and attachment between the great and those in
+lower rank[325]. Mr. Boyd gave us an instance of their gentlemanly
+spirit. An old Chevalier de Malthe, of ancient _noblesse_, but in low
+circumstances, was in a coffee-house at Paris, where was Julien, the
+great manufacturer at the Gobelins, of the fine tapestry, so much
+distinguished both for the figures and the _colours_. The chevalier's
+carriage was very old. Says Julien, with a plebeian insolence, 'I think,
+Sir, you had better have your carriage new painted.' The chevalier
+looked at him with indignant contempt, and answered, 'Well, Sir, you may
+take it home and _dye_ it!' All the coffee-house rejoiced at Julien's
+confusion.
+
+We set out about nine. Dr. Johnson was curious to see one of those
+structures which northern antiquarians call a Druid's temple. I had a
+recollection of one at Strichen; which I had seen fifteen years ago; so
+we went four miles out of our road, after passing Old Deer, and went
+thither. Mr. Fraser, the proprietor, was at home, and shewed it to us.
+But I had augmented it in my mind; for all that remains is two stones
+set up on end, with a long one laid upon them, as was usual, and one
+stone at a little distance from them. That stone was the capital one of
+the circle which surrounded what now remains. Mr. Fraser was very
+hospitable[326]. There was a fair at Strichen; and he had several of his
+neighbours from it at dinner. One of them, Dr. Fraser, who had been in
+the army, remembered to have seen Dr. Johnson at a lecture on
+experimental philosophy, at Lichfield. The doctor recollected being at
+the lecture; and he was surprised to find here somebody who knew him.
+
+Mr. Fraser sent a servant to conduct us by a short passage into the
+high-road. I observed to Dr. Johnson, that I had a most disagreeable
+notion of the life of country gentlemen; that I left Mr. Fraser just
+now, as one leaves a prisoner in a jail. Dr. Johnson said, that I was
+right in thinking them unhappy; for that they had not enough to keep
+their minds in motion[327].
+
+I started a thought this afternoon which amused us a great part of the
+way. 'If, (said I,) our club should come and set up in St. Andrews, as a
+college, to teach all that each of us can, in the several departments of
+learning and taste, we should rebuild the city: we should draw a
+wonderful concourse of students.' Dr. Johnson entered fully into the
+spirit of this project. We immediately fell to distributing the offices.
+I was to teach Civil and Scotch law[328]; Burke, politicks and
+eloquence; Garrick, the art of publick speaking; Langton was to be our
+Grecian[329], Colman our Latin professor[330]; Nugent to teach
+physick[331]; Lord Charlemont, modern history[332]; Beauclerk, natural
+philosophy[333]; Vesey, Irish antiquities, or Celtick learning[334];
+Jones, Oriental learning[335]; Goldsmith, poetry and ancient history;
+Chamier, commercial politicks[336]; Reynolds, painting, and the arts
+which have beauty for their object; Chambers, the law of England[337].
+Dr. Johnson at first said, 'I'll trust theology to nobody but myself.'
+But, upon due consideration, that Percy is a clergyman, it was agreed
+that Percy should teach practical divinity and British antiquities; Dr.
+Johnson himself, logick, metaphysicks[338], and scholastick divinity. In
+this manner did we amuse ourselves;--each suggesting, and each varying
+or adding, till the whole was adjusted. Dr. Johnson said, we only wanted
+a mathematician since Dyer[339] died, who was a very good one; but as to
+every thing else, we should have a very capital university[340].
+
+We got at night to Banff. I sent Joseph on to Duff-house; but Earl Fife
+was not at home, which I regretted much, as we should have had a very
+elegant reception from his lordship. We found here but an indifferent
+inn[341]. Dr. Johnson wrote a long letter to Mrs. Thrale. I wondered to
+see him write so much so easily. He verified his own doctrine that 'a
+man may always write when he will set himself _doggedly_ to it[342].'
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, AUGUST 26.
+
+We got a fresh chaise here, a very good one, and very good horses. We
+breakfasted at Cullen. They set down dried haddocks broiled, along with
+our tea. I ate one; but Dr. Johnson was disgusted by the sight of them,
+so they were removed[343]. Cullen has a comfortable appearance, though
+but a very small town, and the houses mostly poor buildings.
+
+I called on Mr. Robertson, who has the charge of Lord Findlater's
+affairs, and was formerly Lord Monboddo's clerk, was three times in
+France with him, and translated Condamine's _Account of the Savage
+Girl_, to which his lordship wrote a preface, containing several remarks
+of his own. Robertson said, he did not believe so much as his lordship
+did; that it was plain to him, the girl confounded what she imagined
+with what she remembered: that, besides, she perceived Condamine and
+Lord Monboddo forming theories, and she adapted her story to them.
+
+Dr. Johnson said, 'It is a pity to see Lord Monboddo publish such
+notions as he has done; a man of sense, and of so much elegant learning.
+There would be little in a fool doing it; we should only laugh; but when
+a wise man does it, we are sorry. Other people have strange notions; but
+they conceal them. If they have tails, they hide them; but Monboddo is
+as jealous of his tail as a squirrel.' I shall here put down some more
+remarks of Dr. Johnson's on Lord Monboddo, which were not made exactly
+at this time, but come in well from connection. He said, he did not
+approve of a judge's calling himself _Farmer_ Burnett[344], and going
+about with a little round hat[345]. He laughed heartily at his
+lordship's saying he was an _enthusiastical_ farmer; 'for, (said he,)
+what can he do in farming by his _enthusiasm_?' Here, however, I think
+Dr. Johnson mistaken. He who wishes to be successful, or happy, ought to
+be enthusiastical, that is to say, very keen in all the occupations or
+diversions of life. An ordinary gentleman-farmer will be satisfied with
+looking at his fields once or twice a day: an enthusiastical farmer will
+be constantly employed on them; will have his mind earnestly engaged;
+will talk perpetually, of them. But Dr. Johnson has much of the _nil
+admirari_[346] in smaller concerns. That survey of life which gave birth
+to his _Vanity of Human Wishes_ early sobered his mind. Besides, so
+great a mind as his cannot be moved by inferior objects: an elephant
+does not run and skip like lesser animals.  Mr. Robertson sent a
+servant with us, to shew us through Lord Findlater's wood, by which our
+way was shortened, and we saw some part of his domain, which is indeed
+admirably laid out. Dr. Johnson did not choose to walk through it. He
+always said, that he was not come to Scotland to see fine places, of
+which there were enough in England; but wild objects,--mountains,
+--waterfalls,--peculiar manners; in short, things which he had not seen
+before. I have a notion that he at no time has had much taste for rural
+beauties. I have myself very little[347].
+
+Dr. Johnson said, there was nothing more contemptible than a country
+gentleman living beyond his income, and every year growing poorer and
+poorer[348]. He spoke strongly of the influence which a man has by being
+rich. 'A man, (said he,) who keeps his money, has in reality more use
+from it, than he can have by spending it.' I observed that this looked
+very like a paradox; but he explained it thus: 'If it were certain that
+a man would keep his money locked up for ever, to be sure he would have
+no influence; but, as so many want money, and he has the power of giving
+it, and they know not but by gaining his favour they may obtain it, the
+rich man will always have the greatest influence. He again who lavishes
+his money, is laughed at as foolish, and in a great degree with justice,
+considering how much is spent from vanity. Even those who partake of a
+man's hospitality, have but a transient kindness for him. If he has not
+the command of money, people know he cannot help them, if he would;
+whereas the rich man always can, if he will, and for the chance of that,
+will have much weight.' BOSWELL. 'But philosophers and satirists have
+all treated a miser as contemptible.' JOHNSON. 'He is so
+philosophically; but not in the practice of life[349].' BOSWELL. 'Let me
+see now:--I do not know the instances of misers in England, so as to
+examine into their influence.' JOHNSON. 'We have had few misers in
+England.' BOSWELL. 'There was Lowther[350].' JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir,
+Lowther, by keeping his money, had the command of the county, which the
+family has now lost, by spending it[351]; I take it he lent a great
+deal; and that is the way to have influence, and yet preserve one's
+wealth. A man may lend his money upon very good security, and yet have
+his debtor much under his power.' BOSWELL. 'No doubt, Sir. He can always
+distress him for the money; as no man borrows, who is able to pay on
+demand quite conveniently.'
+
+We dined at Elgin, and saw the noble ruins of the cathedral. Though it
+rained much, Dr. Johnson examined them with a most patient attention.
+He could not here feel any abhorrence at the Scottish reformers[352],
+for he had been told by Lord Hailes, that it was destroyed before the
+Reformation, by the Lord of Badenoch[353], who had a quarrel with the
+bishop. The bishop's house, and those of the other clergy, which are
+still pretty entire, do not seem to have been proportioned to the
+magnificence of the cathedral, which has been of great extent, and had
+very fine carved work. The ground within the walls of the cathedral is
+employed as a burying-place. The family of Gordon have their vault here;
+but it has nothing grand.
+
+We passed Gordon Castle[354] this forenoon, which has a princely
+appearance. Fochabers, the neighbouring village, is a poor place, many
+of the houses being ruinous; but it is remarkable, they have in general
+orchards well stored with apple-trees[355]. Elgin has what in England
+are called piazzas, that run in many places on each side of the street.
+It must have been a much better place formerly. Probably it had piazzas
+all along the town, as I have seen at Bologna. I approved much of such
+structures in a town, on account of their conveniency in wet weather.
+Dr. Johnson disapproved of them, 'because (said he) it makes the under
+story of a house very dark, which greatly over-balances the conveniency,
+when it is considered how small a part of the year it rains; how few are
+usually in the street at such times; that many who are might as well be
+at home; and the little that people suffer, supposing them to be as much
+wet as they commonly are in walking a street.'
+
+We fared but ill at our inn here; and Dr. Johnson said, this was the
+first time he had seen a dinner in Scotland that he could not eat[356].
+
+In the afternoon, we drove over the very heath where Macbeth met the
+witches, according to tradition[357]. Dr. Johnson again[358] solemnly
+repeated--
+
+     'How far is't called to Fores? What are these,
+      So wither'd, and so wild in their attire?
+      That look not like the inhabitants o' the earth,
+      And yet are on't?'
+
+He repeated a good deal more of Macbeth. His recitation[359] was grand
+and affecting, and as Sir Joshua Reynolds has observed to me, had no
+more tone than it should have: it was the better for it. He then
+parodied the _All-hail_ of the witches to Macbeth, addressing himself to
+me. I had purchased some land called _Dalblair_; and, as in Scotland it
+is customary to distinguish landed men by the name of their estates, I
+had thus two titles, _Dalblair_ and Young _Auchinleck_. So my friend, in
+imitation of
+
+     'All hail, Macbeth! hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor!'
+
+condescended to amuse himself with uttering
+
+     'All hail, Dalblair! hail to thee, Laird of Auchinleck[360]!'
+
+We got to Fores[361] at night, and found an admirable inn, in which Dr.
+Johnson was pleased to meet with a landlord who styled himself
+'Wine-Cooper, from LONDON.'
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, AUGUST 27.
+
+It was dark when we came to Fores last night; so we did not see what is
+called King Duncan's monument[362]. I shall now mark some gleanings of
+Dr. Johnson's conversation. I spoke of _Leonidas_[363], and said there
+were some good passages in it. JOHNSON. 'Why, you must _seek_ for them.'
+He said, Paul Whitehead's _Manners_[364] was a poor performance.
+Speaking of Derrick, he told me 'he had a kindness for him, and had
+often said, that if his letters had been written by one of a more
+established name, they would have been thought very pretty
+letters[365].'
+
+This morning I introduced the subject of the origin of evil[366].
+JOHNSON. 'Moral evil is occasioned by free will, which implies choice
+between good and evil. With all the evil that there is, there is no man
+but would rather be a free agent, than a mere machine without the evil;
+and what is best for each individual, must be best for the whole. If a
+man would rather be the machine, I cannot argue with him. He is a
+different being from me.' BOSWELL. 'A man, as a machine, may have
+agreeable sensations; for instance, he may have pleasure in musick.'
+JOHNSON. 'No, Sir, he cannot have pleasure in musick; at least no power
+of producing musick; for he who can produce musick may let it alone: he
+who can play upon a fiddle may break it: such a man is not a machine.'
+This reasoning satisfied me. It is certain, there cannot be a free
+agent, unless there is the power of being evil as well as good. We must
+take the inherent possibilities of things into consideration, in our
+reasonings or conjectures concerning the works of GOD.
+
+We came to Nairn to breakfast. Though a county town and a royal burgh,
+it is a miserable place. Over the room where we sat, a girl was spinning
+wool with a great wheel, and singing an Erse song[367]: 'I'll warrant
+you, (said Dr. Johnson.) one of the songs of Ossian.' He then repeated
+these lines:---
+
+     'Verse sweetens toil, however rude the sound.
+        All at her work the village maiden sings;
+      Nor while she turns the giddy wheel around,
+        Revolves the sad vicissitude of things[368].'
+
+I thought I had heard these lines before. JOHNSON. 'I fancy not, Sir;
+for they are in a detached poem, the name of which I do not remember,
+written by one Giffard, a parson.'
+
+I expected Mr. Kenneth M'Aulay[369], the minister of Calder, who
+published the history of St. Kilda[370], a book which Dr. Johnson liked,
+would have met us here, as I had written to him from Aberdeen. But I
+received a letter from him, telling me that he could not leave home, as
+he was to administer the sacrament the following Sunday, and earnestly
+requesting to see us at his manse. 'We'll go,' said Dr. Johnson; which
+we accordingly did. Mrs. M'Aulay received us, and told us her husband
+was in the church distributing tokens[371]. We arrived between twelve
+and one o'clock, and it was near three before he came to us.
+
+Dr. Johnson thanked him for his book, and said 'it was a very pretty
+piece of topography.' M'Aulay did not seem much to mind the compliment.
+From his conversation, Dr. Johnson was persuaded that he had not written
+the book which goes under his name. I myself always suspected so; and I
+have been told it was written by the learned Dr. John M'Pherson of
+Sky[372], from the materials collected by M'Aulay. Dr. Johnson said
+privately to me, 'There is a combination in it of which M'Aulay is not
+capable[373].' However, he was exceedingly hospitable; and, as he
+obligingly promised us a route for our Tour through the Western Isles,
+we agreed to stay with him all night.
+
+After dinner, we walked to the old castle of Calder (pronounced Cawder),
+the Thane of Cawdor's seat. I was sorry that my friend, this 'prosperous
+gentleman[374],' was not there. The old tower must be of great
+antiquity[375]. There is a draw-bridge--what has been a moat,--and an
+ancient court. There is a hawthorn-tree, which rises like a wooden
+pillar through the rooms of the castle; for, by a strange conceit, the
+walls have been built round it. The thickness of the walls, the small
+slaunting windows, and a great iron door at the entrance on the second
+story as you ascend the stairs, all indicate the rude times in which
+this castle was erected. There were here some large venerable trees.
+
+I was afraid of a quarrel between Dr. Johnson and Mr. M'Aulay, who
+talked slightingly of the lower English clergy. The Doctor gave him a
+frowning look, and said, 'This is a day of novelties; I have seen old
+trees in Scotland, and I have heard the English clergy treated with
+disrespect[376].'
+
+I dreaded that a whole evening at Calder manse would be heavy; however,
+Mr. Grant, an intelligent and well-bred minister in the neighbourhood,
+was there, and assisted us by his conversation. Dr. Johnson, talking of
+hereditary occupations in the Highlands, said, 'There is no harm in such
+a custom as this; but it is wrong to enforce it, and oblige a man to be
+a taylor or a smith, because his father has been one.' This custom,
+however, is not peculiar to our Highlands; it is well known that in
+India a similar practice prevails.
+
+Mr. M'Aulay began a rhapsody against creeds and confessions. Dr. Johnson
+shewed, that 'what he called _imposition_, was only a voluntary
+declaration of agreement in certain articles of faith, which a church
+has a right to require, just as any other society can insist on certain
+rules being observed by its members. Nobody is compelled to be of the
+church, as nobody is compelled to enter into a society.' This was a very
+clear and just view of the subject: but, M'Aulay could not be driven out
+of his track. Dr. Johnson said, 'Sir, you are a _bigot to laxness_.'
+
+Mr. M'Aulay and I laid the map of Scotland before us; and he pointed out
+a route for us from Inverness, by Fort Augustus, to Glenelg, Sky, Mull,
+Icolmkill, Lorn, and Inverary, which I wrote down. As my father was to
+begin the northern circuit about the 18th of September, it was necessary
+for us either to make our tour with great expedition, so as to get to
+Auchinleck before he set out, or to protract it, so as not to be there
+till his return, which would be about the 10th of October. By M'Aulay's
+calculation, we were not to land in Lorn till the 2Oth of September. I
+thought that the interruptions by bad days, or by occasional
+excursions, might make it ten days later; and I thought too, that we
+might perhaps go to Benbecula, and visit Clanranald, which would take a
+week of itself.
+
+Dr. Johnson went up with Mr. Grant to the library, which consisted of a
+tolerable collection; but the Doctor thought it rather a lady's library,
+with some Latin books in it by chance, than the library of a clergyman.
+It had only two of the Latin fathers, and one of the Greek fathers in
+Latin. I doubted whether Dr. Johnson would be present at a Presbyterian
+prayer. I told Mr. M'Aulay so, and said that the Doctor might sit in the
+library while we were at family worship. Mr. M'Aulay said, he would omit
+it, rather than give Dr. Johnson offence: but I would by no means agree
+that an excess of politeness, even to so great a man, should prevent
+what I esteem as one of the best pious regulations. I know nothing more
+beneficial, more comfortable, more agreeable, than that the little
+societies of each family should regularly assemble, and unite in praise
+and prayer to our heavenly Father, from whom we daily receive so much
+good, and may hope for more in a higher state of existence. I mentioned
+to Dr. Johnson the over-delicate scrupulosity of our host. He said, he
+had no objection to hear the prayer. This was a pleasing surprise to me;
+for he refused to go and hear Principal Robertson[377] preach. 'I will
+hear him, (said he,) if he will get up into a tree and preach; but I
+will not give a sanction, by my presence, to a Presbyterian
+assembly[378].'
+
+Mr. Grant having prayed, Dr. Johnson said, his prayer was a very good
+one; but objected to his not having introduced the Lord's Prayer[379].
+He told us, that an Italian of some note in London said once to him, 'We
+have in our service a prayer called the _Pater Noster_, which is a very
+fine composition. I wonder who is the author of it.' A singular instance
+of ignorance in a man of some literature and general inquiry[380]!
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, AUGUST 28.
+
+Dr. Johnson had brought a _Sallust_ with him in his pocket from
+Edinburgh. He gave it last night to Mr. M'Aulay's son, a smart young lad
+about eleven years old. Dr. Johnson had given an account of the
+education at Oxford, in all its gradations. The advantage of being a
+servitor to a youth of little fortune struck Mrs. M'Aulay much[381]. I
+observed it aloud. Dr. Johnson very handsomely and kindly said, that, if
+they would send their boy to him, when he was ready for the university,
+he would get him made a servitor, and perhaps would do more for him. He
+could not promise to do more; but would undertake for the
+servitorship[382].
+
+I should have mentioned that Mr. White, a Welshman, who has been many
+years factor (i.e. steward) on the estate of Calder, drank tea with us
+last night, and upon getting a note from Mr. M'Aulay, asked us to his
+house. We had not time to accept of his invitation. He gave us a letter
+of introduction to Mr. Ferne, master of stores at Fort George. He shewed
+it to me. It recommended 'two celebrated gentlemen; no less than Dr.
+Johnson, _author of his Dictionary_,--and Mr. Boswell, known at
+Edinburgh by the name of Paoli.' He said he hoped I had no objection to
+what he had written; if I had, he would alter it. I thought it was a
+pity to check his effusions, and acquiesced; taking care, however, to
+seal the letter, that it might not appear that I had read it.
+
+A conversation took place about saying grace at breakfast (as we do in
+Scotland) as well as at dinner and supper; in which Dr. Johnson said,
+'It is enough if we have stated seasons of prayer; no matter when[383].
+A man may as well pray when he mounts his horse, or a woman when she
+milks her cow, (which Mr. Grant told us is done in the Highlands,) as at
+meals; and custom is to be followed[384].'
+
+We proceeded to Fort George. When we came into the square, I sent a
+soldier with the letter to Mr. Ferne. He came to us immediately, and
+along with him came Major _Brewse_ of the Engineers, pronounced _Bruce_.
+He said he believed it was originally the same Norman name with Bruce.
+That he had dined at a house in London, where were three Bruces, one of
+the Irish line, one of the Scottish line, and himself of the English
+line. He said he was shewn it in the Herald's office spelt fourteen
+different ways[385]. I told him the different spellings of my name[386].
+Dr Johnson observed, that there had been great disputes about the
+spelling of Shakspear's name; at last it was thought it would be settled
+by looking at the original copy of his will; but, upon examining it, he
+was found to have written it himself no less than three different ways.
+
+Mr. Ferne and Major Brewse first carried us to wait on Sir Eyre
+Coote[387], whose regiment, the 37th, was lying here, and who then
+commanded the fort. He asked us to dine with him, which we agreed to do.
+
+Before dinner we examined the fort. The Major explained the
+fortification to us, and Mr. Ferne gave us an account of the stores. Dr.
+Johnson talked of the proportions of charcoal and salt-petre in making
+gunpowder, of granulating it, and of giving it a gloss[388]. He made a
+very good figure upon these topicks. He said to me afterwards, that 'he
+had talked _ostentatiously_[389].' We reposed ourselves a little in Mr.
+Ferne's house. He had every thing in neat order as in England; and a
+tolerable collection of books. I looked into Pennant's _Tour in
+Scotland_. He says little of this fort; but that 'the barracks, &c. form
+several streets[390].' This is aggrandising. Mr. Ferne observed, if he
+had said they form a square, with a row of buildings before it, he would
+have given a juster description. Dr. Johnson remarked, 'how seldom
+descriptions correspond with realities; and the reason is, that people
+do not write them till some time after, and then their imagination has
+added circumstances.'
+
+We talked of Sir Adolphus Oughton[391]. The Major said, he knew a great
+deal for a military man. JOHNSON. 'Sir, you will find few men, of any
+profession, who know more. Sir Adolphus is a very extraordinary man; a
+man of boundless curiosity and unwearied diligence.'
+
+I know not how the Major contrived to introduce the contest between
+Warburton and Lowth. JOHNSON. 'Warburton kept his temper all along,
+while Lowth was in a passion. Lowth published some of Warburton's
+letters. Warburton drew _him_ on to write some very abusive letters, and
+then asked his leave to publish them; which he knew Lowth could not
+refuse, after what _he_ had done. So that Warburton contrived that he
+should publish, apparently with Lowth's consent, what could not but shew
+Lowth in a disadvantageous light[392].'
+
+At three the drum beat for dinner. I, for a little while, fancied myself
+a military man, and it pleased me. We went to Sir Eyre Coote's, at the
+governour's house, and found him a most gentleman-like man. His lady is
+a very agreeable woman, with an uncommonly mild and sweet tone of voice.
+There was a pretty large company: Mr. Ferne, Major Brewse, and several
+officers. Sir Eyre had come from the East-Indies by land, through the
+Desarts of Arabia. He told us, the Arabs could live five days without
+victuals, and subsist for three weeks on nothing else but the blood of
+their camels, who could lose so much of it as would suffice for that
+time, without being exhausted. He highly praised the virtue of the
+Arabs; their fidelity, if they undertook to conduct any person; and
+said, they would sacrifice their lives rather than let him be robbed.
+Dr. Johnson, who is always for maintaining the superiority of civilized
+over uncivilized men[393], said, 'Why, Sir, I can see no superiour
+virtue in this. A serjeant and twelve men, who are my guard, will die,
+rather than that I shall be robbed.' Colonel Pennington, of the 37th
+regiment, took up the argument with a good deal of spirit and
+ingenuity. PENNINGTON. 'But the soldiers are compelled to this by fear
+of punishment. 'JOHNSON. 'Well, Sir, the Arabs are compelled by the fear
+of infamy.' PENNINGTON. 'The soldiers have the same fear of infamy, and
+the fear of punishment besides; so have less virtue; because they act
+less voluntarily.' Lady Coote observed very well, that it ought to be
+known if there was not, among the Arabs, some punishment for not being
+faithful on such occasions.
+
+We talked of the stage. I observed, that we had not now such a company
+of actors as in the last age; Wilks[394], Booth[395], &c. &c. JOHNSON.
+'You think so, because there is one who excels all the rest so much: you
+compare them with Garrick, and see the deficiency. Garrick's great
+distinction is his universality[396]. He can represent all modes of
+life, but that of an easy fine bred gentleman[397].' PENNINGTON. 'He
+should give over playing young parts.' JOHNSON. 'He does not take them
+now; but he does not leave off those which he has been used to play,
+because he does them better than any one else can do them. If you had
+generations of actors, if they swarmed like bees, the young ones might
+drive off the old. Mrs. Cibber[398], I think, got more reputation than
+she deserved, as she had a great sameness; though her expression was
+undoubtedly very fine. Mrs. Clive[399] was the best player I ever saw.
+Mrs. Prichard[400] was a very good one; but she had something affected
+in her manner: I imagine she had some player of the former age in her
+eye, which occasioned it.'  Colonel Pennington said, Garrick sometimes
+failed in emphasis[401]; as for instance, in _Hamlet_,
+
+     'I will speak _daggers_ to her; but use _none_[402].'
+
+instead of
+
+     'I will _speak_ daggers to her; but _use_ none.'
+
+We had a dinner of two complete courses, variety of wines, and the
+regimental band of musick playing in the square, before the windows,
+after it. I enjoyed this day much. We were quite easy and cheerful. Dr.
+Johnson said, 'I shall always remember this fort with gratitude.' I
+could not help being struck with some admiration, at finding upon this
+barren sandy point, such buildings,--such a dinner,--such company: it
+was like enchantment. Dr. Johnson, on the other hand, said to me more
+rationally, that 'it did not strike _him_ as any thing extraordinary;
+because he knew, here was a large sum of money expended in building a
+fort; here was a regiment. If there had been less than what we found, it
+would have surprised him.' _He_ looked coolly and deliberately through
+all the gradations: my warm imagination jumped from the barren sands to
+the splendid dinner and brilliant company, to borrow the expression of
+an absurd poet,
+
+                         'Without ands or ifs,
+     I leapt from off the sands upon the cliffs.'
+
+The whole scene gave me a strong impression of the power and excellence
+of human art.
+
+We left the fort between six and seven o'clock: Sir Eyre Coote, Colonel
+Pennington, and several more accompanied us down stairs, and saw us into
+our chaise. There could not be greater attention paid to any visitors.
+Sir Eyre spoke of the hardships which Dr. Johnson had before him.
+BOSWELL. 'Considering what he has said of us, we must make him feel
+something rough in Scotland.' Sir Eyre said to him, 'You must change
+your name, Sir.' BOSWELL. 'Ay, to Dr. M'Gregor[403].'  We got safely to
+Inverness, and put up at Mackenzie's inn. Mr. Keith, the collector of
+Excise here, my old acquaintance at Ayr, who had seen us at the Fort,
+visited us in the evening, and engaged us to dine with him next day,
+promising to breakfast with us, and take us to the English chapel; so
+that we were at once commodiously arranged.
+
+Not finding a letter here that I expected, I felt a momentary impatience
+to be at home. Transient clouds darkened my imagination, and in those
+clouds I saw events from which I shrunk; but a sentence or two of the
+_Rambler's_ conversation gave me firmness, and I considered that I was
+upon an expedition for which I had wished for years, and the
+recollection of which would be a treasure to me for life.
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, AUGUST 29.
+
+Mr. Keith breakfasted with us. Dr. Johnson expatiated rather too
+strongly upon the benefits derived to Scotland from the Union[404], and
+the bad state of our people before it. I am entertained with his copious
+exaggeration upon that subject; but I am uneasy when people are by, who
+do not know him as well as I do, and may be apt to think him
+narrow-minded[405]. I therefore diverted the subject.
+
+The English chapel, to which we went this morning, was but mean. The
+altar was a bare fir table, with a coarse stool for kneeling on, covered
+with a piece of thick sail-cloth doubled, by way of cushion. The
+congregation was small. Mr. Tait, the clergyman, read prayers very well,
+though with much of the Scotch accent. He preached on '_Love your
+Enemies_[406].' It was remarkable that, when talking of the connections
+amongst men, he said, that some connected themselves with men of
+distinguished talents, and since they could not equal them, tried to
+deck themselves with their merit, by being their companions. The
+sentence was to this purpose. It had an odd coincidence with what might
+be said of my connecting myself with Dr. Johnson[407].
+
+After church we walked down to the Quay. We then went to Macbeth's
+castle[408]. I had a romantick satisfaction in seeing Dr. Johnson
+actually in it. It perfectly corresponds with Shakspear's description,
+which Sir Joshua Reynolds has so happily illustrated, in one of his
+notes on our immortal poet[409]:
+
+          'This castle hath a pleasant seat: the air
+          Nimbly and sweetly recommends itself
+          Unto our gentle sense,' &c.[410]
+
+Just as we came out of it, a raven perched on one of the chimney-tops,
+and croaked. Then I repeated
+
+           '----The raven himself is hoarse,
+           That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan
+           Under my battlements[411].'
+
+We dined at Mr. Keith's. Mrs. Keith was rather too attentive to Dr.
+Johnson, asking him many questions about his drinking only water. He
+repressed that observation, by saying to me, 'You may remember that Lady
+Errol took no notice of this.'
+
+Dr. Johnson has the happy art (for which I have heard my father praise
+the old Earl of Aberdeen) of instructing himself, by making every man he
+meets tell him something of what he knows best. He led Keith to talk to
+him of the Excise in Scotland, and, in the course of conversation,
+mentioned that his friend Mr. Thrale, the great brewer, paid twenty
+thousand pounds a year to the revenue; and that he had four casks, each
+of which holds sixteen hundred barrels,--above a thousand hogsheads.
+
+After this there was little conversation that deserves to be remembered.
+I shall therefore here again glean what I have omitted on former days.
+Dr. Gerrard, at Aberdeen, told us, that when he was in Wales, he was
+shewn a valley inhabited by Danes, who still retain their own language,
+and are quite a distinct people. Dr. Johnson thought it could not be
+true, or all the kingdom must have heard of it. He said to me, as we
+travelled, 'these people, Sir, that Gerrard talks of, may have somewhat
+of a _peregrinity_ in their dialect, which relation has augmented to a
+different language.' I asked him if _peregrinity_ was an English word:
+he laughed, and said, 'No.' I told him this was the second time that I
+had heard him coin a word[412]. When Foote broke his leg, I observed
+that it would make him fitter for taking off George Faulkner as Peter
+Paragraph[413], poor George having a wooden leg. Dr. Johnson at that
+time said, 'George will rejoice at the _depeditation_ of Foote;' and
+when I challenged that word, laughed, and owned he had made it, and
+added that he had not made above three or four in his _Dictionary_[414].
+ Having conducted Dr. Johnson to our inn, I begged permission to leave
+him for a little, that I might run about and pay some short visits to
+several good people of Inverness. He said to me 'You have all the
+old-fashioned principles, good and bad' I acknowledge I have. That of
+attention to relations in the remotest degree, or to worthy persons, in
+every state whom I have once known, I inherit from my father. It gave me
+much satisfaction to hear every body at Inverness speak of him with
+uncommon regard. Mr. Keith and Mr. Grant, whom we had seen at Mr.
+M'Aulay's, supped with us at the inn. We had roasted kid, which Dr.
+Johnson had never tasted before. He relished it much.
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, AUGUST 30.
+
+This day we were to begin our _equitation,_ as I said; for _I_ would
+needs make a word too. It is remarkable, that my noble, and to me most
+constant friend, the Earl of Pembroke[415], (who, if there is too much
+ease on my part, will please to pardon what his benevolent, gay, social
+intercourse, and lively correspondence have insensibly produced,) has
+since hit upon the very same word. The title of the first edition of his
+lordship's very useful book was, in simple terms, _A Method of breaking
+Horses and teaching Soldiers to ride._ The title of the second edition
+is, 'MILITARY EQUITATION[416].'
+
+We might have taken a chaise to Fort Augustus, but, had we not hired
+horses at Inverness, we should not have found them afterwards: so we
+resolved to begin here to ride. We had three horses, for Dr. Johnson,
+myself, and Joseph, and one which carried our portmanteaus, and two
+Highlanders who walked along with us, John Hay and Lauchland Vass, whom
+Dr. Johnson has remembered with credit in his JOURNEY[417], though he
+has omitted their names. Dr. Johnson rode very well.  About three miles
+beyond Inverness, we saw, just by the road, a very complete specimen of
+what is called a Druid's temple. There was a double circle, one of very
+large, the other of smaller stones. Dr. Johnson justly observed, that
+'to go and see one druidical temple is only to see that it is nothing,
+for there is neither art nor power in it; and seeing one is
+quite enough.'
+
+It was a delightful day. Lochness, and the road upon the side of it,
+shaded with birch trees, and the hills above it, pleased us much. The
+scene was as sequestered and agreeably wild as could be desired, and for
+a time engrossed all our attention[418].
+
+To see Dr. Johnson in any new situation is always an interesting object
+to me; and, as I saw him now for the first time on horseback, jaunting
+about at his ease in quest of pleasure and novelty, the very different
+occupations of his former laborious life, his admirable productions, his
+_London_, his _Rambler_, &c. &c., immediately presented themselves to my
+mind, and the contrast made a strong impression on my imagination.
+
+When we had advanced a good way by the side of Lochness, I perceived a
+little hut, with an old-looking woman at the door of it. I thought here
+might be a scene that would amuse Dr. Johnson; so I mentioned it to him.
+'Let's go in,' said he. We dismounted, and we and our guides entered the
+hut. It was a wretched little hovel of earth only, I think, and for a
+window had only a small hole, which was stopped with a piece of turf,
+that was taken out occasionally to let in light. In the middle of the
+room or space which we entered, was a fire of peat, the smoke going out
+at a hole in the roof. She had a pot upon it, with goat's flesh,
+boiling. There was at one end under the same roof, but divided by a kind
+of partition made of wattles, a pen or fold in which we saw a good
+many kids.
+
+Dr. Johnson was curious to know where she slept. I asked one of the
+guides, who questioned her in Erse. She answered with a tone of emotion,
+saying, (as he told us,) she was afraid we wanted to go to bed to her.
+This _coquetry_, or whatever it may be called, of so wretched a being,
+was truly ludicrous. Dr. Johnson and I afterwards were merry upon it. I
+said it was he who alarmed the poor woman's virtue. 'No, Sir, (said he,)
+she'll say "there came a wicked young fellow, a wild dog, who I believe
+would have ravished me, had there not been with him a grave old
+gentleman, who repressed him: but when he gets out of the sight of his
+tutor, I'll warrant you he'll spare no woman he meets, young or old."'
+'No, Sir, (I replied,) she'll say, "There was a terrible ruffian who
+would have forced me, had it not been for a civil decent young man who,
+I take it, was an angel sent from heaven to protect me."'
+
+Dr. Johnson would not hurt her delicacy, by insisting on 'seeing her
+bed-chamber,' like _Archer_ in the _Beaux Stratagem_[419]. But my
+curiosity was more ardent; I lighted a piece of paper, and went into the
+place where the bed was. There was a little partition of wicker, rather
+more neatly done than that for the fold, and close by the wall was a
+kind of bedstead of wood with heath upon it by way of bed! at the foot
+of which I saw some sort of blankets or covering rolled up in a heap.
+The woman's name was Fraser; so was her husband's. He was a man of
+eighty. Mr. Fraser of Balnain allows him to live in this hut, and keep
+sixty goats, for taking care of his woods, where he then was. They had
+five children, the eldest only thirteen. Two were gone to Inverness to
+buy meal[420]; the rest were looking after the goats. This contented
+family had four stacks of barley, twenty-four sheaves in each. They had
+a few fowls. We were informed that they lived all the spring without
+meal, upon milk and curds and whey alone. What they get for their goats,
+kids, and fowls, maintains them during the rest of the year.  She asked
+us to sit down and take a dram. I saw one chair. She said she was as
+happy as any woman in Scotland. She could hardly speak any English
+except a few detached words. Dr. Johnson was pleased at seeing, for the
+first time, such a state of human life. She asked for snuff. It is her
+luxury, and she uses a great deal. We had none; but gave her sixpence a
+piece. She then brought out her whiskey bottle. I tasted it; as did
+Joseph and our guides, so I gave her sixpence more. She sent us away
+with many prayers in Erse.
+
+We dined at a publick house called the General's Hut[421], from General
+Wade, who was lodged there when he commanded in the North. Near it is
+the meanest parish _Kirk_ I ever saw. It is a shame it should be on a
+high road. After dinner, we passed through a good deal of mountainous
+country. I had known Mr. Trapaud, the deputy governour of Fort Augustus,
+twelve years ago, at a circuit at Inverness, where my father was judge.
+I sent forward one of our guides, and Joseph, with a card to him, that
+he might know Dr. Johnson and I were coming up, leaving it to him to
+invite us or not[422]. It was dark when we arrived. The inn was
+wretched. Government ought to build one, or give the resident governour
+an additional salary; as in the present state of things, he must
+necessarily be put to a great expence in entertaining travellers. Joseph
+announced to us, when we alighted, that the governour waited for us at
+the gate of the fort. We walked to it. He met us, and with much civility
+conducted us to his house. It was comfortable to find ourselves in a
+well-built little square, and a neatly furnished house, in good company,
+and with a good supper before us; in short, with all the conveniences of
+civilised life in the midst of rude mountains. Mrs. Trapaud, and the
+governour's daughter, and her husband, Captain Newmarsh, were all most
+obliging and polite. The governour had excellent animal spirits, the
+conversation of a soldier, and somewhat of a Frenchman, to which his
+extraction entitles him. He is brother to General Cyrus Trapaud. We
+passed a very agreeable evening.[423]
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, AUGUST 31.
+
+The governour has a very good garden. We looked at it, and at the rest
+of the fort, which is but small, and may be commanded from a variety of
+hills around. We also looked at the galley or sloop belonging to the
+fort, which sails upon the Loch, and brings what is wanted for the
+garrison. Captains Urie and Darippe, of the 15th regiment of foot,
+breakfasted with us. They had served in America, and entertained Dr.
+Johnson much with an account of the Indians.[424] He said, he could make
+a very pretty book out of them, were he to stay there. Governour Trapaud
+was much struck with Dr. Johnson. 'I like to hear him, (said he,) it is
+so majestick. I should be glad to hear him speak in your court.' He
+pressed us to stay dinner; but I considered that we had a rude road
+before us, which we could more easily encounter in the morning, and that
+it was hard to say when we might get up, were we to sit down to good
+entertainment, in good company: I therefore begged the governour would
+excuse us. Here too, I had another very pleasing proof how much my
+father is regarded. The governour expressed the highest respect for him,
+and bade me tell him, that, if he would come that way on the Northern
+circuit, he would do him all the honours of the garrison.
+
+Between twelve and one we set out, and travelled eleven miles, through a
+wild country, till we came to a house in Glenmorison, called _Anoch_,
+kept by a McQueen[425]. Our landlord was a sensible fellow; he had
+learned his grammar[426], and Dr. Johnson justly observed, that 'a man
+is the better for that as long as he lives.' There were some books here:
+_a Treatise against Drunkenness_, translated from the French; a volume
+of _The Spectator_; a volume of _Prideaux's Connection_, and _Cyrus's
+Travels_[427]. McQueen said he had more volumes; and his pride seemed to
+be much piqued that we were surprised at his having books.
+
+Near to this place we had passed a party of soldiers, under a serjeant's
+command, at work upon the road. We gave them two shillings to drink.
+They came to our inn, and made merry in the barn. We went and paid them
+a visit, Dr. Johnson saying, 'Come, let's go and give 'em another
+shilling a-piece.' We did so; and he was saluted 'MY LORD' by all of
+them. He is really generous, loves influence, and has the way of gaining
+it. He said, 'I am quite feudal, Sir.' Here I agree with him. I said, I
+regretted I was not the head of a clan; however, though not possessed of
+such an hereditary advantage, I would always endeavour to make my
+tenants follow me. I could not be a _patriarchal_ chief, but I would be
+a _feudal_ chief.
+
+The poor soldiers got too much liquor. Some of them fought, and left
+blood upon the spot, and cursed whiskey next morning. The house here was
+built of thick turfs, and thatched with thinner turfs and heath. It had
+three rooms in length, and a little room which projected. Where we sat,
+the side-walls were _wainscotted_, as Dr. Johnson said, with wicker,
+very neatly plaited. Our landlord had made the whole with his own hands.
+
+After dinner, McQueen sat by us a while, and talked with us. He said,
+all the Laird of Glenmorison's people would bleed for him if they were
+well used; but that seventy men had gone out of the Glen to America.
+That he himself intended to go next year; for that the rent of his farm,
+which twenty years ago was only five pounds, was now raised to twenty
+pounds. That he could pay ten pounds and live; but no more.[428] Dr.
+Johnson said, he wished M'Queen laird of Glenmorison, and the laird to
+go to America. M'Queen very generously answered, he should be sorry for
+it; for the laird could not shift for himself in America as he could do.
+
+I talked of the officers whom we had left to-day; how much service they
+had seen, and how little they got for it, even of fame. JOHNSON. 'Sir, a
+soldier gets as little as any man can get.' BOSWELL. 'Goldsmith has
+acquired more fame than all the officers last war, who were not
+Generals.'[429] JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, you will find ten thousand fit to do
+what they did, before you find one who does what Goldsmith has done. You
+must consider, that a thing is valued according to its rarity. A pebble
+that paves the street is in itself more useful than the diamond upon a
+lady's finger.' I wish our friend Goldsmith had heard this.[430]
+
+I yesterday expressed my wonder that John Hay, one of our guides, who
+had been pressed aboard a man of war, did not choose to continue in it
+longer than nine months, after which time he got off. JOHNSON. 'Why,
+Sir, no man will be a sailor, who has contrivance enough to get himself
+into a jail; for, being in a ship is being in a jail, with the chance of
+being drowned.'[431]  We had tea in the afternoon, and our landlord's
+daughter, a modest civil girl, very neatly drest, made it for us. She
+told us, she had been a year at Inverness, and learnt reading and
+writing, sewing, knotting[432], working lace, and pastry. Dr. Johnson
+made her a present of a book which he had bought at Inverness[433].
+
+The room had some deals laid across the joists, as a kind of ceiling.
+There were two beds in the room, and a woman's gown was hung on a rope
+to make a curtain of separation between them. Joseph had sheets, which
+my wife had sent with us, laid on them. We had much hesitation, whether
+to undress, or lie down with our clothes on. I said at last, 'I'll
+plunge in! There will be less harbour for vermin about me, when I am
+stripped!' Dr. Johnson said, he was like one hesitating whether to go
+into the cold bath. At last he resolved too. I observed he might serve a
+campaign. JOHNSON. 'I could do all that can be done by patience: whether
+I should have strength enough, I know not.' He was in excellent humour.
+To see the Rambler as I saw him to-night, was really an amusement. I
+yesterday told him, I was thinking of writing a poetical letter to him,
+_on his return from Scotland_, in the style of Swift's humorous epistle
+in the character of Mary Gulliver to her husband, Captain Lemuel
+Gulliver, on his return to England from the country of the HOUYHNHUMS:--
+
+     'At early morn I to the market haste,
+      Studious in ev'ry thing to please thy taste.
+      A curious _fowl_ and _sparagrass_ I chose;
+      (For I remember you were fond of those:)
+      Three shillings cost the first, the last sev'n groats;
+      Sullen you turn from both, and call for OATS[434]:'
+
+He laughed, and asked in whose name I would write it. I said, in Mrs.
+Thrale's. He was angry. 'Sir, if you have any sense of decency or
+delicacy, you won't do that!' BOSWELL. 'Then let it be in Cole's, the
+landlord of the _Mitre tavern_; where we have so often sat together.'
+JOHNSON. 'Ay, that may do.'
+
+After we had offered up our private devotions, and had chatted a little
+from our beds, Dr. Johnson said, 'GOD bless us both, for Jesus Christ's
+sake! Good night!' I pronounced 'Amen.' He fell asleep immediately. I
+was not so fortunate for a long time. I fancied myself bit by
+innumerable vermin under the clothes; and that a spider was travelling
+from the _wainscot_ towards my mouth. At last I fell into insensibility.
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 1.
+
+I awaked very early. I began to imagine that the landlord, being about
+to emigrate, might murder us to get our money, and lay it upon the
+soldiers in the barn. Such groundless fears will arise in the mind,
+before it has resumed its vigour after sleep! Dr. Johnson had had the
+same kind of ideas; for he told me afterwards, that he considered so
+many soldiers, having seen us, would be witnesses, should any harm be
+done, and that circumstance, I suppose, he considered as a
+security.[435] When I got up, I found him sound asleep in his miserable
+_stye_, as I may call it, with a coloured handkerchief tied round his
+head. With difficulty could I awaken him. It reminded me of Henry the
+Fourth's fine soliloquy on sleep; for there was here as _uneasy a
+pallet_[436] as the poet's imagination could possibly conceive.
+
+A _red coat_ of the 15th regiment, whether officer, or only serjeant, I
+could not be sure, came to the house, in his way to the mountains to
+shoot deer, which it seems the Laird of Glenmorison does not hinder any
+body to do. Few, indeed, can do them harm. We had him to breakfast with
+us. We got away about eight. M'Queen walked some miles to give us a
+convoy. He had, in 1745, joined the Highland army at Fort Augustus, and
+continued in it till after the battle of Culloden. As he narrated the
+particulars of that ill-advised, but brave attempt, I could not refrain
+from tears. There is a certain association of ideas in my mind upon that
+subject, by which I am strongly affected. The very Highland names, or
+the sound of a bagpipe, will stir my blood, and fill me with a mixture
+of melancholy and respect for courage; with pity for an unfortunate and
+superstitious regard for antiquity, and thoughtless inclination for war;
+in short, with a crowd of sensations with which sober rationality has
+nothing to do.
+
+We passed through Glensheal, with prodigious mountains on each side. We
+saw where the battle was fought in the year 1719.[437] Dr. Johnson
+owned he was now in a scene of as wild nature as he could see; but he
+corrected me sometimes in my inaccurate observations. 'There, (said I,)
+is a mountain like a cone.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir. It would be called so in
+a book; and when a man comes to look at it, he sees it is not so. It is
+indeed pointed at the top; but one side of it is larger than the
+other[438].' Another mountain I called immense. JOHNSON. 'No; it is no
+more than a considerable protuberance.'
+
+We came to a rich green valley, comparatively speaking, and stopped a
+while to let our horses rest and eat grass[439]. We soon afterwards came
+to Auchnasheal, a kind of rural village, a number of cottages being
+built together, as we saw all along in the Highlands. We passed many
+miles this day without seeing a house, but only little summer-huts,
+called _shielings_. Evan Campbell, servant to Mr. Murchison, factor to
+the Laird of Macleod in Glenelg, ran along with us to-day. He was a
+very obliging fellow. At Auchnasheal, we sat down on a green turf seat
+at the end of a house; they brought us out two wooden dishes of milk,
+which we tasted. One of them was frothed like a syllabub. I saw a woman
+preparing it with such a stick as is used for chocolate, and in the same
+manner. We had a considerable circle about us, men, women, and children,
+all M'Craas, Lord Seaforth's people. Not one of them could speak
+English. I observed to Dr. Johnson, it was much the same as being with a
+tribe of Indians. JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; but not so terrifying[440].' I
+gave all who chose it, snuff and tobacco. Governour Trapaud had made us
+buy a quantity at Fort Augustus, and put them up in small parcels. I
+also gave each person a bit of wheat bread, which they had never tasted
+before. I then gave a penny apiece to each child. I told Dr. Johnson of
+this; upon which he called to Joseph and our guides, for change for a
+shilling, and declared that he would distribute among the children. Upon
+this being announced in Erse, there was a great stir; not only did some
+children come running down from neighbouring huts, but I observed one
+black-haired man, who had been with us all along, had gone off, and
+returned, bringing a very young child. My fellow traveller then ordered
+the children to be drawn up in a row; and he dealt about his copper, and
+made them and their parents all happy. The poor M'Craas, whatever may be
+their present state, were of considerable estimation in the year 1715,
+when there was a line in a song,
+
+     'And aw the brave M'Craas are coming[441].'
+
+There was great diversity in the faces of the circle around us: some
+were as black and wild in their appearance as any American savages
+whatever. One woman was as comely almost as the figure of Sappho, as we
+see it painted. We asked the old woman, the mistress of the house where
+we had the milk, (which by the bye, Dr. Johnson told me, for I did not
+observe it myself, was built not of turf, but of stone,) what we should
+pay. She said, what we pleased. One of our guides asked her in Erse, if
+a shilling was enough. She said, 'yes.' But some of the men bade her ask
+more[442]. This vexed me; because it shewed a desire to impose upon
+strangers, as they knew that even a shilling was high payment. The
+woman, however, honestly persisted in her first price; so I gave her
+half a crown. Thus we had one good scene of life uncommon to us. The
+people were very much pleased, gave us many blessings, and said they had
+not had such a day since the old Laird of Macleod's time.
+
+Dr. Johnson was much refreshed by this repast. He was pleased when I
+told him he would make a good Chief. He said, 'Were I a chief, I would
+dress my servants better than myself, and knock a fellow down if he
+looked saucy to a Macdonald in rags: but I would not treat men as
+brutes. I would let them know why all of my clan were to have attention
+paid to them. I would tell my upper servants why, and make them tell the
+others.'  We rode on well[443], till we came to the high mountain
+called the Rattakin, by which time both Dr. Johnson and the horses were
+a good deal fatigued. It is a terrible steep to climb, notwithstanding
+the road is formed slanting along it; however, we made it out. On the
+top of it we met Captain M'Leod of Balmenoch (a Dutch officer who had
+come from Sky) riding with his sword slung across him. He asked, 'Is
+this Mr. Boswell?' which was a proof that we were expected. Going down
+the hill on the other side was no easy task. As Dr. Johnson was a great
+weight, the two guides agreed that he should ride the horses
+alternately. Hay's were the two best, and the Doctor would not ride but
+upon one or other of them, a black or a brown. But as Hay complained
+much after ascending the _Rattakin_, the Doctor was prevailed with to
+mount one of Vass's greys. As he rode upon it down hill, it did not go
+well; and he grumbled. I walked on a little before, but was excessively
+entertained with the method taken to keep him in good humour. Hay led
+the horse's head, talking to Dr. Johnson as much as he could; and
+(having heard him, in the forenoon, express a pastoral pleasure on
+seeing the goats browzing) just when the Doctor was uttering his
+displeasure, the fellow cried, with a very Highland accent, 'See, such
+pretty goats!' Then he whistled, _whu!_ and made them jump. Little did
+he conceive what Dr. Johnson was. Here now was a common ignorant
+Highland clown, imagining that he could divert, as one does a
+child,--_Dr. Samuel Johnson!_ The ludicrousness, absurdity, and
+extraordinary contrast between what the fellow fancied, and the reality,
+was truly comick.
+
+It grew dusky; and we had a very tedious ride for what was called five
+miles; but I am sure would measure ten. We had no conversation. I was
+riding forward to the inn at Glenelg, on the shore opposite to Sky, that
+I might take proper measures, before Dr. Johnson, who was now advancing
+in dreary silence, Hay leading his horse, should arrive. Vass also
+walked by the side of his horse, and Joseph followed behind: as
+therefore he was thus attended, and seemed to be in deep meditation, I
+thought there could be no harm in leaving him for a little while. He
+called me back with a tremendous shout, and was really in a passion with
+me for leaving him. I told him my intentions, but he was not satisfied,
+and said, 'Do you know, I should as soon have thought of picking a
+pocket, as doing so?' BOSWELL. 'I am diverted with you, Sir.' JOHNSON.
+'Sir, I could never be diverted with incivility. Doing such a thing,
+makes one lose confidence in him who has done it, as one cannot tell
+what he may do next.' His extraordinary warmth confounded me so much,
+that I justified myself but lamely to him; yet my intentions were not
+improper. I wished to get on, to see how we were to be lodged, and how
+we were to get a boat; all which I thought I could best settle myself,
+without his having any trouble. To apply his great mind to minute
+particulars, is wrong: it is like taking an immense balance, such as is
+kept on quays for weighing cargoes of ships,--to weigh a guinea. I knew
+I had neat little scales, which would do better; and that his attention
+to every thing which falls in his way, and his uncommon desire to be
+always in the right, would make him weigh, if he knew of the
+particulars: it was right therefore for me to weigh them, and let him
+have them only in effect. I however continued to ride by him, finding he
+wished I should do so.
+
+As we passed the barracks at Bernéra, I looked at them wishfully, as
+soldiers have always every thing in the best order: but there was only a
+serjeant and a few men there. We came on to the inn at Glenelg. There
+was no provender for our horses; so they were sent to grass, with a man
+to watch them. A maid shewed us up stairs into a room damp and dirty,
+with bare walls, a variety of bad smells, a coarse black greasy fir
+table, and forms of the same kind; and out of a wretched bed started a
+fellow from his sleep, like Edgar in _King Lear_[444], '_Poor Tom's a
+cold_[445].'  This inn was furnished with not a single article that we
+could either eat or drink[446]; but Mr. Murchison, factor to the Laird
+of Macleod in Glenelg, sent us a bottle of rum and some sugar, with a
+polite message, to acquaint us, that he was very sorry that he did not
+hear of us till we had passed his house, otherwise he should have
+insisted on our sleeping there that night; and that, if he were not
+obliged to set out for Inverness early next morning, he would have
+waited upon us. Such extraordinary attention from this gentleman, to
+entire strangers, deserves the most honourable commemoration.
+
+Our bad accommodation here made me uneasy, and almost fretful. Dr.
+Johnson was calm. I said, he was so from vanity. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir, it
+is from philosophy.' It pleased me to see that the _Rambler_ could
+practise so well his own lessons.
+
+I resumed the subject of my leaving him on the road, and endeavoured to
+defend it better. He was still violent upon that head, and said, 'Sir,
+had you gone on, I was thinking that I should have returned with you to
+Edinburgh, and then have parted from you, and never spoken to you more.'
+
+I sent for fresh hay, with which we made beds for ourselves, each in a
+room equally miserable. Like Wolfe, we had a 'choice of
+difficulties[447]'. Dr. Johnson made things easier by comparison. At
+M'Queen's, last night, he observed that few were so well lodged in a
+ship. To-night he said, we were better than if we had been upon the
+hill. He lay down buttoned up in his great coat. I had my sheets spread
+on the hay, and my clothes and great coat laid over me, by way
+of blankets.
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 2.
+
+I had slept ill. Dr. Johnson's anger had affected me much. I considered
+that, without any bad intention, I might suddenly forfeit his
+friendship; and was impatient to see him this morning. I told him how
+uneasy he had made me, by what he had said, and reminded him of his own
+remark at Aberdeen, upon old friendships being hastily broken off. He
+owned he had spoken to me in passion; that he would not have done what
+he threatened; and that, if he had, he should have been ten times worse
+than I; that forming intimacies, would indeed be 'limning the
+water[448],' were they liable to such sudden dissolution; and he added,
+'Let's think no more on't.' BOSWELL. 'Well then, Sir, I shall be easy.
+Remember, I am to have fair warning in case of any quarrel. You are
+never to spring a mine upon me. It was absurd in me to believe you.'
+JOHNSON. 'You deserved about as much, as to believe me from night
+to morning.'
+
+After breakfast, we got into a boat for Sky. It rained much when we set
+off, but cleared up as we advanced. One of the boatmen, who spoke
+English, said, that a mile at land was two miles at sea. I then
+observed, that from Glenelg to Armidale in Sky, which was our present
+course, and is called twelve, was only six miles: but this he could not
+understand. 'Well, (said Dr. Johnson,) never talk to me of the native
+good sense of the Highlanders. Here is a fellow who calls one mile two,
+and yet cannot comprehend that twelve such imaginary miles make in
+truth but six.'
+
+We reached the shore of Armidale before one o'clock. Sir Alexander
+M'Donald came down to receive us. He and his lady, (formerly Miss
+Bosville of Yorkshire[449],) were then in a house built by a tenant at
+this place, which is in the district of Slate, the family mansion here
+having been burned in Sir Donald Macdonald's time.  The most ancient
+seat of the chief of the Macdonalds in the isle of Sky was at Duntulm,
+where there are the remains of a stately castle. The principal residence
+of the family is now at Mugstot, at which there is a considerable
+building. Sir Alexander and Lady Macdonald had come to Armidale in their
+way to Edinburgh, where it was necessary for them to be soon after this
+time.  Armidale is situated on a pretty bay of the narrow sea, which
+flows between the main land of Scotland and the Isle of Sky. In front
+there is a grand prospect of the rude mountains of Moidart and
+Knoidart[451]. Behind are hills gently rising and covered with a finer
+verdure than I expected to see in this climate, and the scene is
+enlivened by a number of little clear brooks.
+
+Sir Alexander Macdonald having been an Eton scholar[452], and being a
+gentleman of talents, Dr. Johnson had been very well pleased with him in
+London[453]. But my fellow-traveller and I were now full of the old
+Highland spirit, and were dissatisfied at hearing of racked rents and
+emigration, and finding a chief not surrounded by his clan. Dr. Johnson
+said, 'Sir, the Highland chiefs should not be allowed to go farther
+south than Aberdeen. A strong-minded man, like Sir James Macdonald[454],
+may be improved by an English education; but in general, they will be
+tamed into insignificance.'
+
+We found here Mr. Janes of Aberdeenshire, a naturalist. Janes said he
+had been at Dr. Johnson's in London, with Ferguson the astronomer[455].
+JOHNSON. 'It is strange that, in such distant places, I should meet with
+any one who knows me. I should have thought I might hide myself in Sky.'
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 3.
+
+This day proving wet, we should have passed our time very uncomfortably,
+had we not found in the house two chests of books, which we eagerly
+ransacked. After dinner, when I alone was left at table with the few
+Highland gentlemen who were of the company, having talked with very high
+respect of Sir James Macdonald, they were all so much affected as to
+shed tears. One of them was Mr. Donald Macdonald, who had been
+lieutenant of grenadiers in the Highland regiment, raised by Colonel
+Montgomery, now Earl of Eglintoune, in the war before last; one of those
+regiments which the late Lord Chatham prided himself in having brought
+from 'the mountains of the North[456]:' by doing which he contributed to
+extinguish in the Highlands the remains of disaffection to the present
+Royal Family. From this gentleman's conversation, I first learnt how
+very popular his Colonel was among the Highlanders; of which I had such
+continued proofs, during the whole course of my Tour, that on my return
+I could not help telling the noble Earl himself, that I did not before
+know how great a man he was.
+
+We were advised by some persons here to visit Rasay, in our way to
+Dunvegan, the seat of the Laird of Macleod. Being informed that the Rev.
+Mr. Donald M'Queen was the most intelligent man in Sky, and having been
+favoured with a letter of introduction to him, by the learned Sir James
+Foulis, I sent it to him by an express, and requested he would meet us
+at Rasay; and at the same time enclosed a letter to the Laird of
+Macleod, informing him that we intended in a few days to have the honour
+of waiting on him at Dunvegan.
+
+Dr. Johnson this day endeavoured to obtain some knowledge of the state
+of the country; but complained that he could get no distinct information
+about any thing, from those with whom he conversed[457].
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 4.
+
+My endeavours to rouse the English-bred Chieftain[458], in whose house
+we were, to the feudal and patriarchal feelings, proving ineffectual,
+Dr. Johnson this morning tried to bring him to our way of thinking.
+JOHNSON. 'Were I in your place, Sir, in seven years I would make this an
+independant island. I would roast oxen whole, and hang out a flag as a
+signal to the Macdonalds to come and get beef and whiskey.' Sir
+Alexander was still starting difficulties. JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir; if you
+are born to object, I have done with you. Sir, I would have a magazine
+of arms.' SIR ALEXANDER. 'They would rust.' JOHNSON. 'Let there be men
+to keep them clean. Your ancestors did not use to let their arms
+rust[459].'
+
+We attempted in vain to communicate to him a portion of our enthusiasm.
+He bore with so polite a good nature our warm, and what some might call
+Gothick, expostulations, on this subject, that I should not forgive
+myself, were I to record all that Dr. Johnson's ardour led him to
+say.--This day was little better than a blank.
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 5.
+
+I walked to the parish church of Slate, which is a very poor one. There
+are no church bells in the island. I was told there were once some; what
+has become of them, I could not learn. The minister not being at home,
+there was no service. I went into the church, and saw the monument of
+Sir James Macdonald, which was elegantly executed at Rome, and has the
+following inscription, written by his friend, George Lord Lyttelton:--
+
+     To the memory
+     Of SIR JAMES MACDONALD, BART.
+     Who in the flower of youth
+     Had attained to so eminent a degree of knowledge,
+     In Mathematics, Philosophy, Languages,
+     And in every other branch of useful and polite learning
+     As few have acquired in a long life
+     Wholly devoted to study:
+     Yet to this erudition he joined
+     What can rarely be found with it,
+     Great talents for business,
+     Great propriety of behaviour,
+     Great politeness of manners!
+     His eloquence was sweet, correct, and flowing;
+     His memory vast and exact;
+     His judgement strong and acute;
+     All which endowments, united
+     With the most amiable temper
+     And every private virtue,
+     Procured him, not only in his own country,
+     But also from foreign nations[460],
+     The highest marks of esteem.
+     In the year of our Lord 1766,
+     The 25th of his life,
+     After a long and extremely painful illness,
+     Which he supported with admirable patience and fortitude,
+     He died at Rome,
+     Where, notwithstanding the difference of religion,
+     Such extraordinary honours were paid to his memory,
+     As had never graced that of any other British Subject,
+     Since the death of Sir Philip Sidney.
+     The fame he left behind him is the best consolation
+     To his afflicted family,
+     And to his countrymen in this isle,
+     For whose benefit he had planned
+     Many useful improvements,
+     Which his fruitful genius suggested,
+     And his active spirit promoted,
+     Under the sober direction
+     Of a clear and enlightened understanding.
+     Reader, bewail our loss,
+     And that of all Britain.
+     In testimony of her love,
+     And as the best return she can make
+     To her departed son,
+     For the constant tenderness and affection
+     Which, even to his last moments,
+     He shewed for her,
+     His much afflicted mother,
+     The LADY MARGARET MACDONALD,
+     Daughter to the EARL of EGLINTOUNE,
+     Erected this Monument,
+     A.D. 1768[461]'
+
+Dr. Johnson said, the inscription should have been in Latin, as every
+thing intended to be universal and permanent should be[462].
+
+This being a beautiful day, my spirits were cheered by the mere effect
+of climate. I had felt a return of spleen during my stay at Armidale,
+and had it not been that I had Dr. Johnson to contemplate, I should have
+sunk into dejection; but his firmness supported me. I looked at him, as
+a man whose head is turning giddy at sea looks at a rock, or any fixed
+object. I wondered at his tranquillity. He said, 'Sir, when a man
+retires into an island, he is to turn his thoughts entirely to another
+world. He has done with this.' BOSWELL. 'It appears to me, Sir, to be
+very difficult to unite a due attention to this world, and that which is
+to come; for, if we engage eagerly in the affairs of life, we are apt to
+be totally forgetful of a future state; and, on the other hand, a steady
+contemplation of the awful concerns of eternity renders all objects here
+so insignificant, as to make us indifferent and negligent about them.'
+JOHNSON. 'Sir, Dr. Cheyne has laid down a rule to himself on this
+subject, which should be imprinted on every mind:--"_To neglect nothing
+to secure my eternal peace, more than if I had been certified I should
+die within the day: nor to mind any thing that my secular obligations
+and duties demanded of me, less than if I had been ensured to live fifty
+years more[463]_."'
+
+I must here observe, that though Dr. Johnson appeared now to be
+philosophically calm, yet his genius did not shine forth as in
+companies, where I have listened to him with admiration. The vigour of
+his mind was, however, sufficiently manifested, by his discovering no
+symptoms of feeble relaxation in the dull, 'weary, flat and
+unprofitable[464]' state in which we now were placed.
+
+I am inclined to think that it was on this day he composed the following
+Ode upon the _Isle of Sky_, which a few days afterwards he shewed me
+at Rasay:--
+
+     ODA,
+
+     Ponti profundis clausa recessibus,
+     Strepens procellis, rupibus obsita,
+     Quam grata defesso virentem
+     Skia sinum nebulosa pandis.
+
+     His cura, credo, sedibus exulat;
+     His blanda certe pax habitat locis:
+     Non ira, non moeror quietis
+     Insidias meditatur horis.
+
+     At non cavata rupe latescere,
+     Menti nec aegrae montibus aviis
+     Prodest vagari, nec frementes
+     E scopulo numerare fluctus.
+
+     Humana virtus non sibi sufficit,
+     Datur nec aequum cuique animum sibi
+     Parare posse, ut Stoicorum
+     Secta crepet nimis alta fallax.
+
+     Exaestuantis pectoris impetum,
+     Rex summe, solus tu regis arbiter,
+     Mentisque, te tollente, surgunt,
+     Te recidunt moderante fluctus[465].
+
+After supper, Dr. Johnson told us, that Isaac Hawkins Browne drank
+freely for thirty years, and that he wrote his poem, _De Animi
+Immortalitate_, in some of the last of these years[466]. I listened to
+this with the eagerness of one who, conscious of being himself fond of
+wine, is glad to hear that a man of so much genius and good thinking as
+Browne had the same propensity[467].
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 6.
+
+We set out, accompanied by Mr. Donald M'Leod, (late of Canna) as our
+guide. We rode for some time along the district of Slate, near the
+shore. The houses in general are made of turf, covered with grass. The
+country seemed well peopled. We came into the district of Strath, and
+passed along a wild moorish tract of land till we arrived at the shore.
+There we found good verdure, and some curious whin-rocks, or collections
+of stones like the ruins of the foundations of old buildings. We saw
+also three Cairns of considerable size.
+
+About a mile beyond Broadfoot, is Corrichatachin, a farm of Sir
+Alexander Macdonald's, possessed by Mr. M'Kinnon[468], who received us
+with a hearty welcome, as did his wife, who was what we call in Scotland
+a _lady-like_ woman. Mr. Pennant in the course of his tour to the
+Hebrides, passed two nights at this gentleman's house. On its being
+mentioned, that a present had here been made to him of a curious
+specimen of Highland antiquity, Dr. Johnson said, 'Sir, it was more than
+he deserved; the dog is a Whig[469].'
+
+We here enjoyed the comfort of a table plentifully furnished[470], the
+satisfaction of which was heightened by a numerous and cheerful company;
+and we for the first time had a specimen of the joyous social manners of
+the inhabitants of the Highlands. They talked in their own ancient
+language, with fluent vivacity, and sung many Erse songs with such
+spirit, that, though Dr. Johnson was treated with the greatest respect
+and attention, there were moments in which he seemed to be forgotten.
+For myself, though but a _Lowlander_, having picked up a few words of
+the language, I presumed to mingle in their mirth, and joined in the
+choruses with as much glee as any of the company. Dr. Johnson being
+fatigued with his journey, retired early to his chamber, where he
+composed the following Ode, addressed to Mrs. Thrale[471]:--
+
+     ODA.
+
+     Permeo terras, ubi nuda rupes
+     Saxeas miscet nebulis ruinas,
+     Torva ubi rident steriles coloni
+     Rura labores.
+
+     Pervagor gentes, hominum ferorum
+     Vita ubi nullo decorata cultu
+     Squallet informis, tugurique fumis
+     Foeda latescit.
+
+     Inter erroris salebrosa longi,
+     Inter ignotae strepitus loquelae,
+     Quot modis mecum, quid agat, requiro,
+     Thralia dulcis?
+
+     Seu viri curas pia nupta mulcet,
+     Seu fovet mater sobolem benigna,
+     Sive cum libris novitate pascet
+     Sedula mentem;
+
+     Sit memor nostri, fideique merces,
+     Stet fides constans, meritoque blandum
+     Thraliae discant resonare nomen
+     Littora Skiae.
+
+Scriptum in Skiá, Sept. 6, 1773[472].
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7.
+
+Dr. Johnson was much pleased with his entertainment here. There were
+many good books in the house: _Hector Boethius_ in Latin; Cave's _Lives
+of the Fathers_; Baker's _Chronicle_; Jeremy Collier's _Church History_;
+Dr. Johnson's small _Dictionary_; Craufurd's _Officers of State_, and
+several more[473]:--a mezzotinto of Mrs. Brooks the actress (by some
+strange chance in Sky[474]), and also a print of Macdonald of
+Clanranald[475], with a Latin inscription about the cruelties after the
+battle of Culloden, which will never be forgotten.
+
+It was a very wet stormy day; we were therefore obliged to remain here,
+it being impossible to cross the sea to Rasay.
+
+I employed a part of the forenoon in writing this Journal. The rest of
+it was somewhat dreary, from the gloominess of the weather, and the
+uncertain state which we were in, as we could not tell but it might
+clear up every hour. Nothing is more painful to the mind than a state of
+suspence, especially when it depends upon the weather, concerning which
+there can be so little calculation. As Dr. Johnson said of our weariness
+on the Monday at Aberdeen, 'Sensation is sensation[476]:'
+Corrichatachin, which was last night a hospitable house, was, in my
+mind, changed to-day into a prison. After dinner I read some of Dr.
+Macpherson's _Dissertations on the Ancient Caledonians_[477]. I was
+disgusted by the unsatisfactory conjectures as to antiquity, before the
+days of record. I was happy when tea came. Such, I take it, is the state
+of those who live in the country. Meals are wished for from the cravings
+of vacuity of mind, as well as from the desire of eating. I was hurt to
+find even such a temporary feebleness, and that I was so far from being
+that robust wise man who is sufficient for his own happiness. I felt a
+kind of lethargy of indolence. I did not exert myself to get Dr. Johnson
+to talk, that I might not have the labour of writing down his
+conversation. He enquired here if there were any remains of the second
+sight[478]. Mr. M'Pherson, Minister of Slate, said, he was _resolved_
+not to believe it, because it was founded on no principle[479]. JOHNSON.
+'There are many things then, which we are sure are true, that you will
+not believe. What principle is there, why a loadstone attracts iron? why
+an egg produces a chicken by heat? why a tree grows upwards, when the
+natural tendency of all things is downwards? Sir, it depends upon the
+degree of evidence that you have.' Young Mr. M'Kinnon mentioned one
+M'Kenzie, who is still alive, who had often fainted in his presence, and
+when he recovered, mentioned visions which had been presented to him. He
+told Mr. M'Kinnon, that at such a place he should meet a funeral, and
+that such and such people would be the bearers, naming four; and three
+weeks afterwards he saw what M'Kenzie had predicted. The naming the very
+spot in a country where a funeral comes a long way, and the very people
+as bearers, when there are so many out of whom a choice may be made,
+seems extraordinary. We should have sent for M'Kenzie, had we not been
+informed that he could speak no English. Besides, the facts were not
+related with sufficient accuracy.
+
+Mrs. M'Kinnon, who is a daughter of old Kingsburgh, told us that her
+father was one day riding in Sky, and some women, who were at work in a
+field on the side of the road, said to him they had heard two _taiscks_,
+(that is, two voices of persons about to die[480],) and what was
+remarkable, one of them was an _English taisck_, which they never heard
+before. When he returned, he at that very place met two funerals, and
+one of them was that of a woman who had come from the main land, and
+could speak only English. This, she remarked, made a great impression
+upon her father.
+
+How all the people here were lodged, I know not. It was partly done by
+separating man and wife, and putting a number of men in one room, and of
+women in another.
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 8.
+
+When I waked, the rain was much heavier than yesterday; but the wind had
+abated. By breakfast, the day was better, and in a little while it was
+calm and clear. I felt my spirits much elated. The propriety of the
+expression, '_the sunshine of the breast_[481],' now struck me with
+peculiar force; for the brilliant rays penetrated into my very soul. We
+were all in better humour than before. Mrs. M'Kinnon, with unaffected
+hospitality and politeness, expressed her happiness in having such
+company in her house, and appeared to understand and relish Dr.
+Johnson's conversation, as indeed all the company seemed to do. When I
+knew she was old Kingsburgh's daughter, I did not wonder at the good
+appearance which she made.
+
+She talked as if her husband and family would emigrate, rather than be
+oppressed by their landlord; and said, 'how agreeable would it be, if
+these gentlemen should come in upon us when we are in America.' Somebody
+observed that Sir Alexander Macdonald was always frightened at sea.
+JOHNSON. '_He_ is frightened at sea; and his tenants are frightened when
+he comes to land.'
+
+We resolved to set out directly after breakfast. We had about two miles
+to ride to the sea-side, and there we expected to get one of the boats
+belonging to the fleet of bounty[482] herring-busses then on the coast,
+or at least a good country fishing-boat. But while we were preparing to
+set out, there arrived a man with the following card from the Reverend
+Mr. Donald M'Queen:--
+
+'Mr. M'Queen's compliments to Mr. Boswell, and begs leave to acquaint
+him that, fearing the want of a proper boat, as much as the rain of
+yesterday, might have caused a stop, he is now at Skianwden with
+Macgillichallum's[483] carriage, to convey him and Dr. Johnson to Rasay,
+where they will meet with a most hearty welcome, and where. Macleod,
+being on a visit, now attends their motions.' 'Wednesday afternoon.'
+
+This card was most agreeable; it was a prologue to that hospitable and
+truly polite reception which we found at Rasay. In a little while
+arrived Mr. Donald M'Queen himself; a decent minister, an elderly man
+with his own black hair, courteous, and rather slow of speech, but
+candid, sensible, and well informed, nay learned. Along with him came,
+as our pilot, a gentleman whom I had a great desire to see, Mr. Malcolm
+Macleod, one of the Rasay family, celebrated in the year 1745-6. He was
+now sixty-two years of age, hale, and well proportioned,--with a manly
+countenance, tanned by the weather, yet having a ruddiness in his
+cheeks, over a great part of which his rough beard extended. His eye was
+quick and lively, yet his look was not fierce, but he appeared at once
+firm and good-humoured. He wore a pair of brogues[484],--Tartan hose
+which came up only near to his knees, and left them bare,--a purple
+camblet kilt[485],--a black waistcoat,--a short green cloth coat bound
+with gold cord,--a yellowish bushy wig,--a large blue bonnet with a gold
+thread button. I never saw a figure that gave a more perfect
+representation of a Highland gentleman. I wished much to have a picture
+of him just as he was. I found him frank and _polite_, in the true sense
+of the word.
+
+The good family at Corrichatachin said, they hoped to see us on our
+return. We rode down to the shore; but Malcolm walked with
+graceful agility.
+
+We got into Rasay's _carriage_, which was a good strong open boat made
+in Norway. The wind had now risen pretty high, and was against us; but
+we had four stout rowers, particularly a Macleod, a robust black-haired
+fellow, half naked, and bare-headed, something between a wild Indian and
+an English tar. Dr. Johnson sat high, on the stern, like a magnificent
+Triton. Malcolm sung an Erse song, the chorus of which was '_Hatyin foam
+foam eri_', with words of his own[486]. The tune resembled '_Owr the
+muir amang the heather_'. The boatmen and Mr. M'Queen chorused, and all
+went well. At length Malcolm himself took an oar, and rowed vigorously.
+We sailed along the coast of Scalpa, a rugged island, about four miles
+in length. Dr. Johnson proposed that he and I should buy it, and found a
+good school, and an episcopal church, (Malcolm[487] said, he would come
+to it,) and have a printing-press, where he would print all the Erse
+that could be found.  Here I was strongly struck with our long
+projected scheme of visiting the Hebrides being realized[488]. I called
+to him, 'We are contending with seas;' which I think were the words of
+one of his letters to me[489]. 'Not much,' said he; and though the wind
+made the sea lash considerably upon us, he was not discomposed. After we
+were out of the shelter of Scalpa, and in the sound between it and
+Rasay, which extended about a league, the wind made the sea very
+rough[490]. I did not like it. JOHNSON. 'This now is the Atlantick. If I
+should tell at a tea table in London, that I have crossed the Atlantick
+in an open boat, how they'd shudder, and what a fool they'd think me to
+expose myself to such danger?' He then repeated Horace's ode,--
+
+     'Otium Divos rogat in patenti
+      Prensus Aegaeo----[491]'
+
+In the confusion and hurry of this boisterous sail, Dr. Johnson's spurs,
+of which Joseph had charge, were carried over-board into the sea, and
+lost[492]. This was the first misfortune that had befallen us. Dr.
+Johnson was a little angry at first, observing that 'there was something
+wild in letting a pair of spurs be carried into the sea out of a boat;'
+but then he remarked, 'that, as Janes the naturalist had said upon
+losing his pocket-book, it was rather an inconvenience than a loss.' He
+told us, he now recollected that he dreamt the night before, that he put
+his staff into a river, and chanced to let it go, and it was carried
+down the stream and lost. 'So now you see, (said he,) that I have lost
+my spurs; and this story is better than many of those which we have
+concerning second sight and dreams.' Mr. M'Queen said he did not believe
+the second sight; that he never met with any well attested instances;
+and if he should, he should impute them to chance; because all who
+pretend to that quality often fail in their predictions, though they
+take a great scope, and sometimes interpret literally, sometimes
+figuratively, so as to suit the events. He told us, that, since he came
+to be minister of the parish where he now is, the belief of witchcraft,
+or charms, was very common, insomuch that he had many prosecutions
+before his _session_ (the parochial ecclesiastical court) against women,
+for having by these means carried off the milk from people's cows. He
+disregarded them; and there is not now the least vestige of that
+superstition. He preached against it; and in order to give a strong
+proof to the people that there was nothing in it, he said from the
+pulpit that every woman in the parish was welcome to take the milk from
+his cows, provided she did not touch them[493].
+
+Dr. Johnson asked him as to _Fingal_. He said he could repeat some
+passages in the original, that he heard his grandfather had a copy of
+it; but that he could not affirm that Ossian composed all that poem as
+it is now published. This came pretty much to what Dr. Johnson had
+maintained[494]; though he goes farther, and contends that it is no
+better than such an epick poem as he could make from the song of Robin
+Hood[495]; that is to say, that, except a few passages, there is nothing
+truly ancient but the names and some vague traditions. Mr. M'Queen
+alleged that Homer was made up of detached fragments. Dr. Johnson denied
+this; observing, that it had been one work originally, and that you
+could not put a book of the _Iliad_ out of its place; and he believed
+the same might be said of the _Odyssey_.
+
+The approach to Rasay was very pleasing. We saw before us a beautiful
+bay, well defended by a rocky coast; a good family mansion; a fine
+verdure about it,--with a considerable number of trees;--and beyond it
+hills and mountains in gradation of wildness. Our boatmen sung with
+great spirit. Dr. Johnson observed, that naval musick was very ancient.
+As we came near the shore, the singing of our rowers was succeeded by
+that of reapers, who were busy at work, and who seemed to shout as much
+as to sing, while they worked with a bounding activity[496]. Just as we
+landed, I observed a cross, or rather the ruins of one, upon a rock,
+which had to me a pleasing vestige of religion. I perceived a large
+company coming out from the house. We met them as we walked up. There
+were Rasay himself; his brother Dr. Macleod; his nephew the Laird of
+M'Kinnon; the Laird of Macleod; Colonel Macleod of Talisker, an officer
+in the Dutch service, a very genteel man, and a faithful branch of the
+family; Mr. Macleod of Muiravenside, best known by the name of Sandie
+Macleod, who was long in exile on account of the part which he took in
+1745; and several other persons. We were welcomed upon the green, and
+conducted into the house, where we were introduced to Lady Rasay, who
+was surrounded by a numerous family, consisting of three sons and ten
+daughters. The Laird of Rasay is a sensible, polite, and most hospitable
+gentleman. I was told that his island of Rasay, and that of Rona, (from
+which the eldest son of the family has his title,) and a considerable
+extent of land which he has in Sky, do not altogether yield him a very
+large revenue[497]: and yet he lives in great splendour; and so far is
+he from distressing his people, that, in the present rage for
+emigration, not a man has left his estate.  It was past six o'clock
+when we arrived. Some excellent brandy was served round immediately,
+according to the custom of the Highlands, where a dram is generally
+taken every day. They call it a _scalch_[498]. On a side-board was
+placed for us, who had come off the sea, a substantial dinner, and a
+variety of wines. Then we had coffee and tea. I observed in the room
+several elegantly bound books, and other marks of improved life. Soon
+afterwards a fidler appeared, and a little ball began. Rasay himself
+danced with as much spirit as any man, and Malcolm bounded like a roe.
+Sandie Macleod, who has at times an excessive flow of spirits, and had
+it now, was, in his days of absconding, known by the name of
+_M'Cruslick_[499], which it seems was the designation of a kind of
+wild man in the Highlands, something between Proteus and Don Quixote;
+and so he was called here. He made much jovial noise. Dr. Johnson was so
+delighted with this scene, that he said, 'I know not how we shall get
+away.' It entertained me to observe him sitting by, while we danced,
+sometimes in deep meditation,--sometimes smiling complacently,--sometimes
+looking upon Hooke's _Roman History_,--and sometimes talking a
+little, amidst the noise of the ball, to Mr. Donald M'Queen, who
+anxiously gathered knowledge from him. He was pleased with M'Queen, and
+said to me, 'This is a critical man, Sir. There must be great vigour of
+mind to make him cultivate learning so much in the isle of Sky, where
+he might do without it. It is wonderful how many of the new publications
+he has. There must be a snatch of every opportunity.' Mr. M'Queen told
+me that his brother (who is the fourth generation of the family
+following each other as ministers of the parish of Snizort,) and he
+joined together, and bought from time to time such books as had
+reputation. Soon after we came in, a black cock and grey hen, which had
+been shot, were shewn, with their feathers on, to Dr. Johnson, who had
+never seen that species of bird before. We had a company of thirty at
+supper; and all was good humour and gaiety, without intemperance.
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 9.
+
+At breakfast this morning, among a profusion of other things, there were
+oat-cakes, made of what is called _graddaned_ meal, that is, meal made
+of grain separated from the husks, and toasted by fire, instead of being
+threshed and kiln-dried. This seems to be bad management, as so much
+fodder is consumed by it. Mr. M'Queen however defended it, by saying,
+that it is doing the thing much quicker, as one operation effects what
+is otherwise done by two. His chief reason however was, that the
+servants in Sky are, according to him, a faithless pack, and steal what
+they can; so that much is saved by the corn passing but once through
+their hands, as at each time they pilfer some. It appears to me, that
+the gradaning is a strong proof of the laziness of the Highlanders, who
+will rather make fire act for them, at the expence of fodder, than
+labour themselves. There was also, what I cannot help disliking at
+breakfast, cheese: it is the custom over all the Highlands to have it;
+and it often smells very strong, and poisons to a certain degree the
+elegance of an Indian repast[500]. The day was showery; however, Rasay
+and I took a walk, and had some cordial conversation. I conceived a more
+than ordinary regard for this worthy gentleman. His family has possessed
+this island above four hundred years[501]. It is the remains of the
+estate of Macleod of Lewis, whom he represents. When we returned, Dr.
+Johnson walked with us to see the old chapel. He was in fine spirits. He
+said,' This is truly the patriarchal life: this is what we came to
+find.'  After dinner, M'Cruslick, Malcolm, and I, went out with guns,
+to try if we could find any black-cock; but we had no sport, owing to a
+heavy rain. I saw here what is called a Danish fort. Our evening was
+passed as last night was. One of our company, I was told, had hurt
+himself by too much study, particularly of infidel metaphysicians; of
+which he gave a proof, on second sight being mentioned. He immediately
+retailed some of the fallacious arguments of Voltaire and Hume against
+miracles in general. Infidelity in a Highland gentleman appeared to me
+peculiarly offensive. I was sorry for him, as he had otherwise a good
+character. I told Dr. Johnson that he had studied himself into
+infidelity. JOHNSON. 'Then he must study himself out of it again. That
+is the way. Drinking largely will sober him again.'
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 10.
+
+Having resolved to explore the Island of Rasay, which could be done only
+on foot, I last night obtained my fellow-traveller's permission to leave
+him for a day, he being unable to take so hardy a walk. Old Mr. Malcolm
+M'Cleod, who had obligingly promised to accompany me, was at my bed-side
+between five and six. I sprang up immediately, and he and I, attended by
+two other gentlemen, traversed the country during the whole of this day.
+Though we had passed over not less than four-and-twenty miles of very
+rugged ground, and had a Highland dance on the top of _Dun Can_, the
+highest mountain in the island, we returned in the evening not at all
+fatigued, and piqued ourselves at not being outdone at the nightly ball
+by our less active friends, who had remained at home.
+
+My survey of Rasay did not furnish much which can interest my readers; I
+shall therefore put into as short a compass as I can, the observations
+upon it, which I find registered in my journal. It is about fifteen
+English miles long, and four broad. On the south side is the laird's
+family seat, situated on a pleasing low spot. The old tower of three
+stories, mentioned by Martin, was taken down soon after 1746, and a
+modern house supplies its place. There are very good grass-fields and
+corn-lands about it, well-dressed. I observed, however, hardly any
+inclosures, except a good garden plentifully stocked with vegetables,
+and strawberries, raspberries, currants, &c.
+
+On one of the rocks just where we landed, which are not high, there is
+rudely carved a square, with a crucifix in the middle. Here, it is said,
+the Lairds of Rasay, in old times, used to offer up their devotions. I
+could not approach the spot, without a grateful recollection of the
+event commemorated by this symbol.
+
+A little from the shore, westward, is a kind of subterraneous house.
+There has been a natural fissure, or separation of the rock, running
+towards the sea, which has been roofed over with long stones, and above
+them turf has been laid. In that place the inhabitants used to keep
+their oars. There are a number of trees near the house, which grow well;
+some of them of a pretty good size. They are mostly plane and ash. A
+little to the west of the house is an old ruinous chapel, unroofed,
+which never has been very curious. We here saw some human bones of an
+uncommon size. There was a heel-bone, in particular, which Dr. Macleod
+said was such, that if the foot was in proportion, it must have been
+twenty-seven inches long. Dr. Johnson would not look at the bones. He
+started back from them with a striking appearance of horrour[502]. Mr.
+M'Queen told us it was formerly much the custom, in these isles, to have
+human bones lying above ground, especially in the windows of churches.
+On the south of the chapel is the family burying-place. Above the door,
+on the east end of it, is a small bust or image of the Virgin Mary,
+carved upon a stone which makes part of the wall. There is no church
+upon the island. It is annexed to one of the parishes of Sky; and the
+minister comes and preaches either in Rasay's house, or some other
+house, on certain Sundays. I could not but value the family seat more,
+for having even the ruins of a chapel close to it. There was something
+comfortable in the thought of being so near a piece of consecrated
+ground.[503] Dr. Johnson said, 'I look with reverence upon every place
+that has been set apart for religion;' and he kept off his hat while he
+was within the walls of the chapel[504].
+
+The eight crosses, which Martin mentions as pyramids for deceased
+ladies, stood in a semicircular line, which contained within it the
+chapel. They marked out the boundaries of the sacred territory within
+which an asylum was to be had. One of them, which we observed upon our
+landing, made the first point of the semicircle. There are few of them
+now remaining. A good way farther north, there is a row of buildings
+about four feet high; they run from the shore on the east along the top
+of a pretty high eminence, and so down to the shore on the west, in much
+the same direction with the crosses. Rasay took them to be the marks for
+the asylum; but Malcolm thought them to be false sentinels, a common
+deception, of which instances occur in Martin, to make invaders imagine
+an island better guarded. Mr. Donald M'Queen, justly in my opinion,
+supposed the crosses which form the inner circle to be the church's
+land-marks.
+
+The south end of the island is much covered with large stones or rocky
+strata. The laird has enclosed and planted part of it with firs, and he
+shewed me a considerable space marked out for additional plantations.
+
+_Dun Can_ is a mountain three computed miles from the laird's house. The
+ascent to it is by consecutive risings, if that expression may be used
+when vallies intervene, so that there is but a short rise at once; but
+it is certainly very high above the sea. The palm of altitude is
+disputed for by the people of Rasay and those of Sky; the former
+contending for Dun Can, the latter for the mountains in Sky, over
+against it. We went up the east side of Dun Can pretty easily. It is
+mostly rocks all around, the points of which hem the summit of it.
+Sailors, to whom it was a good object as they pass along, call it
+Rasay's cap. Before we reached this mountain, we passed by two lakes. Of
+the first, Malcolm told me a strange fabulous tradition. He said, there
+was a wild beast in it, a sea horse, which came and devoured a man's
+daughter; upon which the man lighted a great fire, and had a sow roasted
+at it, the smell of which attracted the monster. In the fire was put a
+spit. The man lay concealed behind a low wall of loose stones, and he
+had an avenue formed for the monster, with two rows of large flat
+stones, which extended from the fire over the summit of the hill, till
+it reached the side of the loch. The monster came, and the man with the
+red-hot spit destroyed it. Malcolm shewed me the little hiding-place,
+and the rows of stones. He did not laugh when he told this story. I
+recollect having seen in the _Scots Magazine_, several years ago, a poem
+upon a similar tale, perhaps the same, translated from the Erse, or
+Irish, called _Albin and the Daughter of Mey_.
+
+There is a large tract of land, possessed as a common, in Rasay. They
+have no regulations as to the number of cattle. Every man puts upon it
+as many as he chooses. From Dun Can northward, till you reach the other
+end of the island, there is much good natural pasture unincumbered by
+stones. We passed over a spot, which is appropriated for the exercising
+ground. In 1745, a hundred fighting men were reviewed here, as Malcolm
+told me, who was one of the officers that led them to the field[505].
+They returned home all but about fourteen. What a princely thing is it
+to be able to furnish such a band! Rasay has the true spirit of a chief.
+He is, without exaggeration, a father to his people.
+
+There is plenty of lime-stone in the island, a great quarry of
+free-stone, and some natural woods, but none of any age, as they cut the
+trees for common country uses. The lakes, of which there are many, are
+well stocked with trout. Malcolm catched one of four-and-twenty pounds
+weight in the loch next to Dun Can, which, by the way, is certainly a
+Danish name, as most names of places in these islands are.
+
+The old castle, in which the family of Rasay formerly resided, is
+situated upon a rock very near the sea. The rock is not one mass of
+stone, but a concretion of pebbles and earth, so firm that it does not
+appear to have mouldered. In this remnant of antiquity I found nothing
+worthy of being noticed, except a certain accommodation rarely to be
+found at the modern houses of Scotland, and which Dr. Johnson and I
+sought for in vain at the Laird of Rasay's new built mansion, where
+nothing else was wanting. I took the liberty to tell the Laird it was a
+shame there should be such a deficiency in civilized times. He
+acknowledged the justice of the remark. But perhaps some generations may
+pass before the want is supplied. Dr. Johnson observed to me, how
+quietly people will endure an evil, which they might at any time very
+easily remedy; and mentioned as an instance, that the present family of
+Rasay had possessed the island for more than four hundred years, and
+never made a commodious landing place, though a few men with pickaxes
+might have cut an ascent of stairs out of any part of the rock in a
+week's time[506].
+
+The north end of Rasay is as rocky as the south end. From it I saw the
+little isle of Fladda, belonging to Rasay, all fine green ground;--and
+Rona, which is of so rocky a soil that it appears to be a pavement. I
+was told however that it has a great deal of grass in the interstices.
+The Laird has it all in his own hands. At this end of the island of
+Rasay is a cave in a striking situation. It is in a recess of a great
+cleft, a good way up from the sea. Before it the ocean roars, being
+dashed against monstrous broken rocks; grand and aweful _propugnacula_.
+On the right hand of it is a longitudinal cave, very low at the
+entrance, but higher as you advance. The sea having scooped it out, it
+seems strange and unaccountable that the interior part, where the water
+must have operated with less force, should be loftier than that which is
+more immediately exposed to its violence. The roof of it is all covered
+with a kind of petrifications formed by drops, which perpetually distil
+from it. The first cave has been a place of much safety. I find a great
+difficulty in describing visible objects[507]. I must own too that the
+old castle and cave, like many other things of which one hears much, did
+not answer my expectations. People are every where apt to magnify the
+curiosities of their country.
+
+This island has abundance of black cattle, sheep, and goats;--a good
+many horses, which are used for ploughing, carrying out dung, and other
+works of husbandry. I believe the people never ride. There are indeed no
+roads through the island, unless a few detached beaten tracks deserve
+that name. Most of the houses are upon the shore; so that all the people
+have little boats, and catch fish. There is great plenty of potatoes
+here. There are black-cock in extraordinary abundance, moorfowl, plover
+and wild pigeons, which seemed to me to be the same as we have in
+pigeon-houses, in their state of nature. Rasay has no pigeon-house.
+There are no hares nor rabbits in the island, nor was there ever known
+to be a fox[508], till last year, when one was landed on it by some
+malicious person, without whose aid he could not have got thither, as
+that animal is known to be a very bad swimmer. He has done much
+mischief. There is a great deal of fish caught in the sea round Rasay;
+it is a place where one may live in plenty, and even in luxury. There
+are no deer; but Rasay told us he would get some.
+
+They reckon it rains nine months in the year in this island, owing to
+its being directly opposite to the western[509] coast of Sky, where the
+watery clouds are broken by high mountains. The hills here, and indeed
+all the heathy grounds in general, abound with the sweet-smelling plant
+which the Highlanders call _gaul_, and (I think) with dwarf juniper in
+many places. There is enough of turf, which is their fuel, and it is
+thought there is a mine of coal.--Such are the observations which I made
+upon the island of Rasay, upon comparing it with the description given
+by Martin, whose book we had with us.
+
+There has been an ancient league between the families of Macdonald and
+Rasay. Whenever the head of either family dies, his sword is given to
+the head of the other. The present Rasay has the late Sir James
+Macdonald's sword. Old Rasay joined the Highland army in 1745, but
+prudently guarded against a forfeiture, by previously conveying his
+estate to the present gentleman, his eldest son[510]. On that occasion,
+Sir Alexander, father of the late Sir James Macdonald, was very friendly
+to his neighbour. 'Don't be afraid, Rasay,' said he; 'I'll use all my
+interest to keep you safe; and if your estate should be taken, I'll buy
+it for the family.'--And he would have done it.
+
+Let me now gather some gold dust,--some more fragments of Dr. Johnson's
+conversation, without regard to order of time. He said, 'he thought very
+highly of Bentley; that no man now went so far in the kinds of learning
+that he cultivated[511]; that the many attacks on him were owing to
+envy, and to a desire of being known, by being in competition with such
+a man; that it was safe to attack him, because he never answered his
+opponents, but let them die away[512]. It was attacking a man who would
+not beat them, because his beating them would make them live the longer.
+And he was right not to answer; for, in his hazardous method of writing,
+he could not but be often enough wrong; so it was better to leave things
+to their general appearance, than own himself to have erred in
+particulars.' He said, 'Mallet was the prettiest drest puppet about
+town, and always kept good company[513]. That, from his way of talking
+he saw, and always said, that he had not written any part of the _Life
+of the Duke of Marlborough_, though perhaps he intended to do it at some
+time, in which case he was not culpable in taking the pension[514]. That
+he imagined the Duchess furnished the materials for her _Apology_, which
+Hooke wrote, and Hooke furnished the words and the order, and all that
+in which the art of writing consists. That the duchess had not superior
+parts, but was a bold frontless woman, who knew how to make the most of
+her opportunities in life. That Hooke got a _large_ sum of money for
+writing her _Apology_[515]. That he wondered Hooke should have been weak
+enough to insert so profligate a maxim, as that to tell another's secret
+to one's friend is no breach of confidence[516]; though perhaps Hooke,
+who was a virtuous man[517], as his _History_ shews, and did not wish
+her well, though he wrote her _Apology_, might see its ill tendency, and
+yet insert it at her desire. He was acting only ministerially.' I
+apprehended, however, that Hooke was bound to give his best advice. I
+speak as a lawyer. Though I have had clients whose causes I could not,
+as a private man, approve; yet, if I undertook them, I would not do any
+thing that might be prejudicial to them, even at their desire, without
+warning them of their danger.
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 11.
+
+It was a storm of wind and rain; so we could not set out. I wrote some
+of this _Journal_, and talked a while with Dr. Johnson in his room, and
+passed the day, I cannot well say how, but very pleasantly. I was here
+amused to find Mr. Cumberland's comedy of the _Fashionable Lover_[518],
+in which he has very well drawn a Highland character, Colin M'Cleod, of
+the same name with the family under whose roof we now were. Dr. Johnson
+was much pleased with the Laird of Macleod, who is indeed a most
+promising youth, and with a noble spirit struggles with difficulties,
+and endeavours to preserve his people. He has been left with an
+incumbrance of forty thousand pounds debt, and annuities to the amount
+of thirteen hundred pounds a year. Dr. Johnson said, 'If he gets the
+better of all this, he'll be a hero; and I hope he will[519]. I have
+not met with a young man who had more desire to learn, or who has learnt
+more. I have seen nobody that I wish more to do a kindness to than
+Macleod.' Such was the honourable elogium, on this young chieftain,
+pronounced by an accurate observer, whose praise was never
+lightly bestowed.
+
+There is neither justice of peace, nor constable in Rasay. Sky has Mr.
+M'Cleod of Ulinish, who is the sheriff substitute, and no other justice
+of peace. The want of the execution of justice is much felt among the
+islanders. Macleod very sensibly observed, that taking away the
+heritable jurisdictions[520] had not been of such service in the islands
+as was imagined. They had not authority enough in lieu of them. What
+could formerly have been settled at once, must now either take much time
+and trouble, or be neglected. Dr. Johnson said, 'A country is in a bad
+state which is governed only by laws; because a thousand things occur
+for which laws cannot provide, and where authority ought to interpose.
+Now destroying the authority of the chiefs set the people loose. It did
+not pretend to bring any positive good, but only to cure some evil; and
+I am not well enough acquainted with the country to know what degree of
+evil the heritable jurisdictions occasioned[521].' I maintained hardly
+any; because the chiefs generally acted right, for their own sakes.
+Dr. Johnson was now wishing to move. There was not enough of
+intellectual entertainment for him, after he had satisfied his
+curiosity, which he did, by asking questions, till he had exhausted the
+island; and where there was so numerous a company, mostly young people,
+there was such a flow of familiar talk, so much noise, and so much
+singing and dancing, that little opportunity was left for his energetick
+conversation[522]. He seemed sensible of this; for when I told him how
+happy they were at having him there, he said, 'Yet we have not been able
+to entertain them much.' I was fretted, from irritability of nerves, by
+M'Cruslick's too obstreperous mirth. I complained of it to my friend,
+observing we should be better if he was, gone. 'No, Sir (said he). He
+puts something into our society, and takes nothing out of it.' Dr.
+Johnson, however, had several opportunities of instructing the company;
+but I am sorry to say, that I did not pay sufficient attention to what
+passed, as his discourse now turned chiefly on mechanicks, agriculture
+and such subjects, rather than on science and wit. Last night Lady Rasay
+shewed him the operation of _wawking_ cloth, that is, thickening it in
+the same manner as is done by a mill. Here it is performed by women, who
+kneel upon the ground, and rub it with both their hands, singing an Erse
+song all the time. He was asking questions while they were performing
+this operation, and, amidst their loud and wild howl, his voice was
+heard even in the room above[523].
+
+They dance here every night. The queen of our ball was the eldest Miss
+Macleod, of Rasay, an elegant well-bred woman, and celebrated for her
+beauty over all those regions, by the name of Miss Flora Rasay[524].
+There seemed to be no jealousy, no discontent among them; and the gaiety
+of the scene was such, that I for a moment doubted whether unhappiness
+had any place in Rasay. But my delusion was soon dispelled, by
+recollecting the following lines of my fellow-traveller:--
+
+     'Yet hope not life from pain or danger free,
+      Or think the doom of man revers'd for thee[525]!'
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 12.
+
+It was a beautiful day, and although we did not approve of travelling on
+Sunday, we resolved to set out, as we were in an island from whence one
+must take occasion as it serves. Macleod and Talisker sailed in a boat
+of Rasay's for Sconser, to take the shortest way to Dunvegan. M'Cruslick
+went with them to Sconser, from whence he was to go to Slate, and so to
+the main land. We were resolved to pay a visit at Kingsburgh, and see
+the celebrated Miss Flora Macdonald, who is married to the present Mr.
+Macdonald of Kingsburgh; so took that road, though not so near. All the
+family, but Lady Rasay, walked down to the shore to see us depart. Rasay
+himself went with us in a large boat, with eight oars, built in his
+island[526]; as did Mr. Malcolm M'Cleod, Mr. Donald M'Queen, Dr.
+Macleod, and some others. We had a most pleasant sail between Rasay and
+Sky; and passed by a cave, where Martin says fowls were caught by
+lighting fire in the mouth of it. Malcolm remembers this. But it is not
+now practised, as few fowls come into it.
+
+We spoke of Death. Dr. Johnson on this subject observed, that the
+boastings of some men, as to dying easily, were idle talk[527],
+proceeding from partial views. I mentioned Hawthornden's
+_Cypress-grove_, where it is said that the world is a mere show; and
+that it is unreasonable for a man to wish to continue in the show-room,
+after he has seen it. Let him go cheerfully out, and give place to other
+spectators[528]. JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir, if he is sure he is to be well,
+after he goes out of it. But if he is to grow blind after he goes out of
+the show-room, and never to see any thing again; or if he does not know
+whither he is to go next, a man will not go cheerfully out of a
+show-room. No wise man will be contented to die, if he thinks he is to
+go into a state of punishment. Nay, no wise man will be contented to
+die, if he thinks he is to fall into annihilation: for however unhappy
+any man's existence may be, he yet would rather have it, than not exist
+at all[529]. No; there is no rational principle by which a man can die
+contented, but a trust in the mercy of GOD, through the merits of Jesus
+Christ.' This short sermon, delivered with an earnest tone, in a boat
+upon the sea, which was perfectly calm, on a day appropriated to
+religious worship, while every one listened with an air of satisfaction,
+had a most pleasing effect upon my mind.
+
+Pursuing the same train of serious reflection, he added that it seemed
+certain that happiness could not be found in this life, because so many
+had tried to find it, in such a variety of ways, and had not found it.
+
+We reached the harbour of Portree, in Sky, which is a large and good
+one. There was lying in it a vessel to carry off the emigrants called
+the _Nestor_. It made a short settlement of the differences between a
+chief and his clan:--
+
+     '-----_Nestor_ componere lites
+      Inter Peleiden festinat & inter Atriden.'[530]
+
+We approached her, and she hoisted her colours. Dr. Johnson
+and Mr. McQueen remained in the boat: Rasay and I, and the
+rest went on board of her. She was a very pretty vessel, and, as
+we were told, the largest in Clyde. Mr. Harrison, the captain,
+shewed her to us. The cabin was commodious, and even elegant.
+There was a little library, finely bound. _Portree_ has its name
+from King James the Fifth having landed there in his tour
+through the Western Isles, _Ree_ in Erse being King, as _Re_ is in
+Italian; so it is _Port Royal_. There was here a tolerable inn.
+On our landing, I had the pleasure of finding a letter from
+home; and there were also letters to Dr. Johnson and me, from
+Lord Elibank[531], which had been sent after us from Edinburgh.
+His Lordship's letter to me was as follows:--
+
+'DEAR BOSWELL,
+
+'I flew to Edinburgh the moment I heard of Mr. Johnson's arrival; but so
+defective was my intelligence, that I came too late. 'It is but justice
+to believe, that I could never forgive myself, nor deserve to be
+forgiven by others, if I was to fail in any mark of respect to that very
+great genius.--I hold him in the highest veneration; for that very
+reason I was resolved to take no share in the merit, perhaps guilt, of
+inticing him to honour this country with a visit.--I could not persuade
+myself there was any thing in Scotland worthy to have a Summer of Samuel
+Johnson bestowed on it; but since he has done us that compliment, for
+heaven's sake inform me of your motions. I will attend them most
+religiously; and though I should regret to let Mr. Johnson go a mile out
+of his way on my account, old as I am,[532] I shall be glad to go five
+hundred miles to enjoy a day of his company. Have the charity to send a
+council-post[533] with intelligence; the post does not suit us in the
+country.--At any rate write to me. I will attend you in the north, when
+I shall know where to find you.
+
+     I am,
+     My dear Boswell,
+     Your sincerely
+     Obedient humble servant,
+     'ELIBANK.'
+
+'August 21st, 1773.'
+
+The letter to Dr. Johnson was in these words:--
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+
+'I was to have kissed your hands at Edinburgh, the moment I heard of
+you; but you was gone.
+
+'I hope my friend Boswell will inform me of your motions. It will be
+cruel to deprive me an instant of the honour of attending you. As I
+value you more than any King in Christendom, I will perform that duty
+with infinitely greater alacrity than any courtier. I can contribute but
+little to your entertainment; but, my sincere esteem for you gives me
+some title to the opportunity of expressing it.
+
+'I dare say you are by this time sensible that things are pretty much
+the same, as when Buchanan complained of being born _solo et seculo
+inerudito_. Let me hear of you, and be persuaded that none of your
+admirers is more sincerely devoted to you, than,
+
+     Dear Sir,
+         Your most obedient,
+             And most humble servant,
+                      'ELIBANK.'
+
+Dr. Johnson, on the following Tuesday, answered for both of us, thus:--
+
+'My LORD, 'On the rugged shore of Skie, I had the honour of your
+Lordship's letter, and can with great truth declare, that no place is so
+gloomy but that it would be cheered by such a testimony of regard, from
+a mind so well qualified to estimate characters, and to deal out
+approbation in its due proportions. If I have more than my share, it is
+your Lordship's fault; for I have always reverenced your judgment too
+much, to exalt myself in your presence by any false pretensions.
+
+'Mr. Boswell and I are at present at the disposal of the winds, and
+therefore cannot fix the time at which we shall have the honour of
+seeing your lordship. But we should either of us think ourselves injured
+by the supposition that we would miss your lordship's conversation, when
+we could enjoy it; for I have often declared that I never met you
+without going away a wiser man.[534]
+
+    'I am, my Lord,
+     Your Lordship's most obedient
+     And most humble servant,
+     Skie, Sept. 14, 1773.'   'SAM. JOHNSON.'
+
+At Portree, Mr. Donald McQueen went to church and officiated in Erse,
+and then came to dinner. Dr. Johnson and I resolved that we should treat
+the company, so I played the landlord, or master of the feast, having
+previously ordered Joseph to pay the bill.
+
+Sir James Macdonald intended to have built a village here, which would
+have done great good. A village is like a heart to a country. It
+produces a perpetual circulation, and gives the people an opportunity to
+make profit of many little articles, which would otherwise be in a good
+measure lost. We had here a dinner, _et praeterea nihil_. Dr. Johnson
+did not talk. When we were about to depart, we found that Rasay had been
+beforehand with us, and that all was paid: I would fain have contested
+this matter with him, but seeing him resolved, I declined it. We parted
+with cordial embraces from him and worthy Malcolm. In the evening Dr.
+Johnson and I remounted our horses, accompanied by Mr. McQueen and Dr.
+Macleod. It rained very hard. We rode what they call six miles, upon
+Rasay's lands in Sky, to Dr. Macleod's house. On the road Dr. Johnson
+appeared to be somewhat out of spirits. When I talked of our meeting
+Lord Elibank, he said, 'I cannot be with him much. I long to be again in
+civilized life; but can stay but a short while;' (he meant at
+Edinburgh.) He said, 'let us go to Dunvegan to-morrow.' 'Yes, (said I,)
+if it is not a deluge.' 'At any rate,' he replied. This shewed a kind of
+fretful impatience; nor was it to be wondered at, considering our
+disagreeable ride. I feared he would give up Mull and Icolmkill, for he
+said something of his apprehensions of being detained by bad weather in
+going to Mull and _Iona_. However I hoped well. We had a dish of tea at
+Dr. Macleod's, who had a pretty good house, where was his brother, a
+half-pay officer. His lady was a polite, agreeable woman. Dr. Johnson
+said, he was glad to see that he was so well married, for he had an
+esteem for physicians.[535] The doctor accompanied us to Kingsburgh,
+which is called a mile farther; but the computation of Sky has no
+connection whatever with real distance.[536]  I was highly pleased to
+see Dr. Johnson safely arrived at Kingsburgh, and received by the
+hospitable Mr. Macdonald, who, with a most respectful attention,
+supported him into the house. Kingsburgh was completely the figure of a
+gallant Highlander,--exhibiting 'the graceful mien and manly
+looks[537],' which our popular Scotch song has justly attributed to that
+character. He had his Tartan plaid thrown about him, a large blue bonnet
+with a knot of black ribband like a cockade, a brown short coat of a
+kind of duffil, a Tartan waistcoat with gold buttons and gold
+button-holes, a bluish philibeg, and Tartan hose. He had jet black hair
+tied behind, and was a large stately man, with a steady sensible
+countenance.
+
+There was a comfortable parlour with a good fire, and a dram went round.
+By and by supper was served, at which there appeared the lady of the
+house, the celebrated Miss Flora Macdonald. She is a little woman, of a
+genteel appearance, and uncommonly mild and well-bred[538]. To see Dr.
+Samuel Johnson, the great champion of the English Tories, salute Miss
+Flora Macdonald in the isle of Sky, was a striking sight; for though
+somewhat congenial in their notions, it was very improbable they should
+meet here.
+
+Miss Flora Macdonald (for so I shall call her) told me, she heard upon
+the main land, as she was returning home about a fortnight before, that
+Mr. Boswell was coming to Sky, and one Mr. Johnson, a young English
+buck[539], with him. He was highly entertained with this fancy. Giving
+an account of the afternoon which we passed, at _Anock_, he said, 'I,
+being a _buck_, had miss[540] in to make tea.' He was rather quiescent
+to-night, and went early to bed. I was in a cordial humour, and promoted
+a cheerful glass. The punch was excellent. Honest Mr. M'Queen observed
+that I was in high glee, 'my _governour_[541] being gone to bed.' Yet in
+reality my heart was grieved, when I recollected that Kingsburgh was
+embarrassed in his affairs, and intended to go to America[542]. However,
+nothing but what was good was present, and I pleased myself in thinking
+that so spirited a man would be well every where. I slept in the same
+room with Dr. Johnson. Each had a neat bed, with Tartan curtains, in an
+upper chamber.
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 13.
+
+The room where we lay was a celebrated one. Dr. Johnson's bed was the
+very bed in which the grandson of the unfortunate King James the
+Second[543] lay, on one of the nights after the failure of his rash
+attempt in 1745-6, while he was eluding the pursuit of the emissaries of
+government, which had offered thirty thousand pounds as a reward for
+apprehending him. To see Dr. Samuel Johnson lying in that bed, in the
+isle of Sky, in the house of Miss Flora Macdonald, struck me with such a
+group of ideas as it is not easy for words to describe, as they passed
+through the mind. He smiled, and said, 'I have had no ambitious thoughts
+in it[544].' The room was decorated with a great variety of maps and
+prints. Among others, was Hogarth's print of Wilkes grinning, with a cap
+of liberty on a pole by him. That too was a curious circumstance in the
+scene this morning; such a contrast was Wilkes to the above groupe. It
+reminded me of Sir William Chambers's _Account of Oriental
+Gardening_[545], in which we are told all odd, strange, ugly, and even
+terrible objects, are introduced for the sake of variety; a wild
+extravagance of taste which is so well ridiculed in the celebrated
+Epistle to him[546]. The following lines of that poem immediately
+occurred to me;
+
+     'Here too, O king of vengeance! in thy fane,
+      Tremendous Wilkes shall rattle his gold chain[547].'
+
+Upon the table in our room I found in the morning a slip of paper, on
+which Dr. Johnson had written with his pencil these words,
+
+     'Quantum cedat virtutibus aurum[548].'
+
+What he meant by writing them I could not tell[549]. He had caught cold
+a day or two ago, and the rain yesterday having made it worse, he was
+become very deaf. At breakfast he said, he would have given a good deal
+rather than not have lain in that bed. I owned he was the lucky man; and
+observed, that without doubt it had been contrived between Mrs.
+Macdonald and him. She seemed to acquiesce; adding, 'You know young
+_bucks_ are always favourites of the ladies.' He spoke of Prince Charles
+being here, and asked Mrs. Macdonald, '_Who_ was with him? We were told,
+madam, in England, there was one Miss Flora Macdonald with him.' She
+said, 'they were very right;' and perceiving Dr. Johnson's curiosity,
+though he had delicacy enough not to question her, very obligingly
+entertained him with a recital of the particulars which she herself knew
+of that escape, which does so much honour to the humanity, fidelity, and
+generosity of the Highlanders. Dr. Johnson listened to her with placid
+attention, and said, 'All this should be written down.'
+
+From what she told us, and from what I was told by others personally
+concerned, and from a paper of information which Rasay was so good as to
+send me, at my desire, I have compiled the following abstract, which, as
+it contains some curious anecdotes, will, I imagine, not be
+uninteresting to my readers, and even, perhaps, be of some use to future
+historians.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Prince Charles Edward, after the battle of Culloden, was conveyed to
+what is called the _Long Island_, where he lay for some time concealed.
+But intelligence having been obtained where he was, and a number of
+troops having come in quest of him, it became absolutely necessary for
+him to quit that country without delay. Miss Flora Macdonald, then a
+young lady, animated by what she thought the sacred principle of
+loyalty, offered, with the magnanimity of a Heroine, to accompany him in
+an open boat to Sky, though the coast they were to quit was guarded by
+ships. He dressed himself in women's clothes, and passed as her supposed
+maid, by the name of Betty Bourke, an Irish girl. They got off
+undiscovered, though several shots were fired to bring them to, and
+landed at Mugstot, the seat of Sir Alexander Macdonald. Sir Alexander
+was then at Fort Augustus, with the Duke of Cumberland; but his lady was
+at home. Prince Charles took his post upon a hill near the house. Flora
+Macdonald waited on lady Margaret[550], and acquainted her of the
+enterprise in which she was engaged. Her ladyship, whose active
+benevolence was ever seconded by superior talents, shewed a perfect
+presence of mind, and readiness of invention, and at once settled that
+Prince Charles should be conducted to old Rasay, who was himself
+concealed with some select friends. The plan was instantly communicated
+to Kingsburgh, who was dispatched to the hill to inform the Wanderer,
+and carry him refreshments. When Kingsburgh approached, he started up,
+and advanced, holding a large knotted stick, and in appearance ready to
+knock him down, till he said, 'I am Macdonald of Kingsburgh, come to
+serve your highness.' The Wanderer answered, 'It is well,' and was
+satisfied with the plan.
+
+Flora Macdonald dined with Lady Margaret, at whose table there sat an
+officer of the army, stationed here with a party of soldiers, to watch
+for Prince Charles in case of his flying to the isle of Sky. She
+afterwards often laughed in good-humour with this gentleman, on her
+having so well deceived him.  After dinner, Flora Macdonald on
+horseback, and her supposed maid, and Kingsburgh, with a servant
+carrying some linen, all on foot, proceeded towards that gentleman's
+house. Upon the road was a small rivulet which they were obliged to
+cross. The Wanderer, forgetting his assumed sex, that his clothes might
+not be wet, held them up a great deal too high. Kingsburgh mentioned
+this to him, observing, it might make a discovery. He said, he would be
+more careful for the future. He was as good as his word; for the next
+brook they crossed, he did not hold up his clothes at all, but let them
+float upon the water. He was very awkward in his female dress. His size
+was so large, and his strides so great, that some women whom they met
+reported that they had seen a very big woman, who looked like a man in
+woman's clothes, and that perhaps it was (as they expressed themselves)
+the _Prince_, after whom so much search was making.
+
+At Kingsburgh he met with a most cordial reception; seemed gay at
+supper, and after it indulged himself in a cheerful glass with his
+worthy host. As he had not had his clothes off for a long time, the
+comfort of a good bed was highly relished by him, and he slept soundly
+till next day at one o'clock.
+
+The mistress of Corrichatachin told me, that in the forenoon she went
+into her father's room, who was also in bed, and suggested to him her
+apprehensions that a party of the military might come up, and that his
+guest and he had better not remain here too long. Her father said, 'Let
+the poor man repose himself after his fatigues; and as for me, I care
+not, though they take off this old grey head ten or eleven years sooner
+than I should die in the course of nature.' He then wrapped himself in
+the bed-clothes, and again fell fast asleep.
+
+On the afternoon of that day, the Wanderer, still in the same dress, set
+out for Portree, with Flora Macdonald and a man servant. His shoes being
+very bad, Kingsburgh provided him with a new pair, and taking up the old
+ones, said, 'I will faithfully keep them till you are safely settled at
+St. James's. I will then introduce myself by shaking them at you, to put
+you in mind of your night's entertainment and protection under my roof.'
+He smiled, and said, 'Be as good as your word!' Kingsburgh kept the
+shoes as long as he lived. After his death, a zealous Jacobite gentleman
+gave twenty guineas for them.  Old Mrs. Macdonald, after her guest had
+left the house, took the sheets in which he had lain, folded them
+carefully, and charged her daughter that they should be kept unwashed,
+and that, when she died, her body should be wrapped in them as a winding
+sheet. Her will was religiously observed.
+
+Upon the road to Portree, Prince Charles changed his dress, and put on
+man's clothes again; a tartan short coat and waistcoat, with philibeg
+and short hose, a plaid, and a wig and bonnet.
+
+Mr. Donald M'Donald, called Donald Roy, had been sent express to the
+present Rasay, then the young laird, who was at that time at his
+sister's house, about three miles from Portree, attending his brother,
+Dr. Macleod, who was recovering of a wound he had received at the battle
+of Culloden. Mr. M'Donald communicated to young Rasay the plan of
+conveying the Wanderer to where old Rasay was; but was told that old
+Rasay had fled to Knoidart, a part of Glengary's estate. There was then
+a dilemma what should be done. Donald Roy proposed that he should
+conduct the Wanderer to the main land; but young Rasay thought it too
+dangerous at that time, and said it would be better to conceal him in
+the island of Rasay, till old Rasay could be informed where he was, and
+give his advice what was best. But the difficulty was, how to get him to
+Rasay. They could not trust a Portree crew, and all the Rasay boats had
+been destroyed, or carried off by the military, except two belonging to
+Malcolm M'Leod, which he had concealed somewhere.
+
+Dr. Macleod being informed of this difficulty, said he would risk his
+life once more for Prince Charles; and it having occurred, that there
+was a little boat upon a fresh-water lake in the neighbourhood, young
+Rasay and Dr. Macleod, with the help of some women, brought it to the
+sea, by extraordinary exertion, across a Highland mile of land, one half
+of which was bog, and the other a steep precipice.
+
+These gallant brothers, with the assistance of one little boy, rowed the
+small boat to Rasay, where they were to endeavour to find Captain
+M'Leod, as Malcolm was then called, and get one of his good boats, with
+which they might return to Portree, and receive the Wanderer; or, in
+case of not finding him, they were to make the small boat serve, though
+the danger was considerable.
+
+Fortunately, on their first landing, they found their cousin Malcolm,
+who, with the utmost alacrity, got ready one of his boats, with two
+strong men, John M'Kenzie, and Donald M'Friar. Malcolm, being the oldest
+man, and most cautious, said, that as young Rasay had not hitherto
+appeared in the unfortunate business, he ought not to run any risk; but
+that Dr. Macleod and himself, who were already publickly engaged, should
+go on this expedition. Young Rasay answered, with an oath, that he would
+go, at the risk of his life and fortune. 'In GOD'S name then (said
+Malcolm) let us proceed.' The two boatmen, however, now stopped short,
+till they should be informed of their destination; and M'Kenzie declared
+he would not move an oar till he knew where they were going. Upon which
+they were both sworn to secrecy; and the business being imparted to
+them, they were eager to put off to sea without loss of time. The boat
+soon landed about half a mile from the inn at Portree.
+
+All this was negotiated before the Wanderer got forward to Portree.
+Malcolm M'Leod and M'Friar were dispatched to look for him. In a short
+time he appeared, and went into the publick house. Here Donald Roy, whom
+he had seen at Mugstot, received him, and informed him of what had been
+concerted. He wanted silver for a guinea, but the landlord had only
+thirteen shillings. He was going to accept of this for his guinea; but
+Donald Roy very judiciously observed, that it would discover him to be
+some great man; so he desisted. He slipped out of the house, leaving his
+fair protectress, whom he never again saw; and Malcolm Macleod was
+presented to him by Donald Roy, as a captain in his army. Young Rasay
+and Dr. Macleod had waited, in impatient anxiety, in the boat. When he
+came, their names were announced to him. He would not permit the usual
+ceremonies of respect, but saluted them as his equals.
+
+Donald Roy staid in Sky, to be in readiness to get intelligence, and
+give an alarm in case the troops should discover the retreat to Rasay;
+and Prince Charles was then conveyed in a boat to that island in the
+night. He slept a little upon the passage, and they landed about
+day-break. There was some difficulty in accommodating him with a
+lodging, as almost all the houses in the island had been burnt by the
+soldiery. They repaired to a little hut, which some shepherds had lately
+built, and having prepared it as well as they could, and made a bed of
+heath for the stranger, they kindled a fire, and partook of some
+provisions which had been sent with him from Kingsburgh. It was
+observed, that he would not taste wheat-bread, or brandy, while
+oat-bread and whisky lasted; 'for these, said he, are my own country
+bread and drink.'--This was very engaging to the Highlanders.
+
+Young Rasay being the only person of the company that durst appear with
+safety, he went in quest of something fresh for them to eat: but though
+he was amidst his own cows, sheep, and goats, he could not venture to
+take any of them for fear of a discovery, but was obliged to supply
+himself by stealth. He therefore caught a kid, and brought it to the hut
+in his plaid, and it was killed and drest, and furnished them a meal
+which they relished much. The distressed Wanderer, whose health was now
+a good deal impaired by hunger, fatigue, and watching, slept a long
+time, but seemed to be frequently disturbed. Malcolm told me he would
+start from broken slumbers, and speak to himself in different languages,
+French, Italian, and English. I must however acknowledge, that it is
+highly probable that my worthy friend Malcolm did not know precisely the
+difference between French and Italian. One of his expressions in English
+was, 'O GOD! poor Scotland!'
+
+While they were in the hut, M'Kenzie and M'Friar, the two boatmen, were
+placed as sentinels upon different eminences; and one day an incident
+happened, which must not be omitted. There was a man wandering about the
+island, selling tobacco. Nobody knew him, and he was suspected to be a
+spy. M'Kenzie came running to the hut, and told that this suspected
+person was approaching. Upon which the three gentlemen, young Rasay, Dr.
+Macleod, and Malcolm, held a council of war upon him, and were
+unanimously of opinion that he should instantly be put to death. Prince
+Charles, at once assuming a grave and even severe countenance, said,
+'God forbid that we should take away a man's life, who may be innocent,
+while we can preserve our own.' The gentlemen however persisted in their
+resolution, while he as strenuously continued to take the merciful side.
+John M'Kenzie, who sat watching at the door of the hut, and overheard
+the debate, said in Erse, 'Well, well; he must be shot. You are the
+king, but we are the parliament, and will do what we choose.' Prince
+Charles, seeing the gentlemen smile, asked what the man had said, and
+being told it in English, he observed that he was a clever fellow, and,
+notwithstanding the perilous situation in which he was, laughed loud and
+heartily. Luckily the unknown person did not perceive that there were
+people in the hut, at least did not come to it, but walked on past it,
+unknowing of his risk. It was afterwards found out that he was one of
+the Highland army, who was himself in danger. Had he come to them, they
+were resolved to dispatch him; for, as Malcolm said to me, 'We could not
+keep him with us, and we durst not let him go. In such a situation, I
+would have shot my brother, if I had not been sure of him.' John
+M'Kenzie was at Rasay's house when we were there[551]. About eighteen
+years before, he hurt one of his legs when dancing, and being obliged to
+have it cut off, he now was going about with a wooden leg. The story of
+his being a _member of parliament_ is not yet forgotten. I took him out
+a little way from the house, gave him a shilling to drink Rasay's
+health, and led him into a detail of the particulars which I have just
+related. With less foundation, some writers have traced the idea of a
+parliament, and of the British constitution, in rude and early times. I
+was curious to know if he had really heard, or understood, any thing of
+that subject, which, had he been a greater man, would probably have been
+eagerly maintained. 'Why, John, (said I,) did you think the king should
+be controuled by a parliament?' He answered, 'I thought, Sir, there were
+many voices against one.'
+
+The conversation then turning on the times, the Wanderer said, that, to
+be sure, the life he had led of late was a very hard one; but he would
+rather live in the way he now did, for ten years, than fall into the
+hands of his enemies. The gentlemen asked him, what he thought his
+enemies would do with him, should he have the misfortune to fall into
+their hands. He said, he did not believe they would dare to take his
+life publickly, but he dreaded being privately destroyed by poison or
+assassination. He was very particular in his inquiries about the wound
+which Dr. Macleod had received at the battle of Culloden, from a ball
+which entered at one shoulder, and went cross to the other. The doctor
+happened still to have on the coat which he wore on that occasion. He
+mentioned, that he himself had his horse shot under him at Culloden;
+that the ball hit the horse about two inches from his knee, and made him
+so unruly that he was obliged to change him for another. He threw out
+some reflections on the conduct of the disastrous affair at Culloden,
+saying, however, that perhaps it was rash in him to do so. I am now
+convinced that his suspicions were groundless; for I have had a good
+deal of conversation upon the subject with my very worthy and ingenious
+friend, Mr. Andrew Lumisden, who was under secretary to Prince Charles,
+and afterwards principal secretary to his father at Rome, who, he
+assured me, was perfectly satisfied both of the abilities and honour of
+the generals who commanded the Highland army on that occasion. Mr.
+Lumisden has written an account of the three battles in 1745-6, at once
+accurate and classical[552]. Talking of the different Highland corps,
+the gentlemen who were present wished to have his opinion which were the
+best soldiers. He said, he did not like comparisons among those corps:
+they were all best.
+
+He told his conductors, he did not think it advisable to remain long in
+any one place; and that he expected a French ship to come for him to
+Lochbroom, among the Mackenzies. It then was proposed to carry him in
+one of Malcolm's boats to Lochbroom, though the distance was fifteen
+leagues coastwise. But he thought this would be too dangerous, and
+desired that, at any rate, they might first endeavour to obtain
+intelligence. Upon which young Rasay wrote to his friend, Mr. M'Kenzie
+of Applecross, but received an answer, that there was no appearance of
+any French ship.  It was therefore resolved that they should return to
+Sky, which they did, and landed in Strath, where they reposed in a
+cow-house belonging to Mr. Niccolson of Scorbreck. The sea was very
+rough, and the boat took in a good deal of water. The Wanderer asked if
+there was danger, as he was not used to such a vessel. Upon being told
+there was not, he sung an Erse song with much vivacity. He had by this
+time acquired a good deal of the Erse language.
+
+Young Rasay was now dispatched to where Donald Roy was, that they might
+get all the intelligence they could; and the Wanderer, with much
+earnestness, charged Dr. Macleod to have a boat ready, at a certain
+place about seven miles off, as he said he intended it should carry him
+upon a matter of great consequence; and gave the doctor a case,
+containing a silver spoon, knife, and fork, saying, 'keep you that till
+I see you,' which the doctor understood to be two days from that time.
+But all these orders were only blinds; for he had another plan in his
+head, but wisely thought it safest to trust his secrets to no more
+persons than was absolutely necessary. Having then desired Malcolm to
+walk with him a little way from the house, he soon opened his mind,
+saying, 'I deliver myself to you. Conduct me to the Laird of M'Kinnon's
+country.' Malcolm objected that it was very dangerous, as so many
+parties of soldiers were in motion. He answered, 'There is nothing now
+to be done without danger.' He then said, that Malcolm must be the
+master, and he the servant; so he took the bag, in which his linen was
+put up, and carried it on his shoulder; and observing that his
+waistcoat, which was of scarlet tartan, with a gold twist button, was
+finer than Malcolm's, which was of a plain ordinary tartan, he put on
+Malcolm's waistcoat, and gave him his; remarking at the same time, that
+it did not look well that the servant should be better dressed than
+the master.
+
+Malcolm, though an excellent walker, found himself excelled by Prince
+Charles, who told him, he should not much mind the parties that were
+looking for him, were he once but a musket shot from them; but that he
+was somewhat afraid of the Highlanders who were against him. He was well
+used to walking in Italy, in pursuit of game; and he was even now so
+keen a sportsman, that, having observed some partridges, he was going
+to take a shot: but Malcolm cautioned him against it, observing that the
+firing might be heard by the tenders[553] who were hovering upon
+the coast.
+
+As they proceeded through the mountains, taking many a circuit to avoid
+any houses, Malcolm, to try his resolution, asked him what they should
+do, should they fall in with a party of soldiers: he answered, 'Fight,
+to be sure!' Having asked Malcolm if he should be known in his present
+dress, and Malcolm having replied he would, he said, 'Then I'll blacken
+my face with powder.' 'That, said Malcolm, would discover you at once.'
+'Then, said he, I must be put in the greatest dishabille possible.' So
+he pulled off his wig, tied a handkerchief round his head, and put his
+night-cap over it, tore the ruffles from his shirt, took the buckles out
+of his shoes, and made Malcolm fasten them with strings; but still
+Malcolm thought he would be known. 'I have so odd a face, (said he) that
+no man ever saw me but he would know me again[554].'
+
+He seemed unwilling to give credit to the horrid narrative of men being
+massacred in cold blood, after victory had declared for the army
+commanded by the Duke of Cumberland. He could not allow himself to think
+that a general could be so barbarous[555].  When they came within two
+miles of M'Kinnon's house, Malcolm asked if he chose to see the laird.
+'No, (said he) by no means. I know M'Kinnon to be as good and as honest
+a man as any in the world, but he is not fit for my purpose at present.
+You must conduct me to some other house; but let it be a gentleman's
+house.' Malcolm then determined that they should go to the house of his
+brother-in-law, Mr. John M'Kinnon, and from thence be conveyed to the
+main land of Scotland, and claim the assistance of Macdonald of
+Scothouse. The Wanderer at first objected to this, because Scothouse was
+cousin to a person of whom he had suspicions. But he acquiesced in
+Malcolm's opinion.
+
+When they were near Mr. John M'Kinnon's house, they met a man of the
+name of Ross, who had been a private soldier in the Highland army. He
+fixed his eyes steadily on the Wanderer in his disguise, and having at
+once recognized him, he clapped his hands, and exclaimed, 'Alas! is this
+the case?' Finding that there was now a discovery, Malcolm asked 'What's
+to be done?' 'Swear him to secrecy,' answered Prince Charles. Upon which
+Malcolm drew his dirk, and on the naked blade, made him take a solemn
+oath, that he would say nothing of his having seen the Wanderer, till
+his escape should be made publick.
+
+Malcolm's sister, whose house they reached pretty early in the morning,
+asked him who the person was that was along with him. He said it was one
+Lewis Caw, from Crieff, who being a fugitive like himself, for the same
+reason, he had engaged him as his servant, but that he had fallen sick.
+'Poor man! (said she) I pity him. At the same time my heart warms to a
+man of his appearance.' Her husband was gone a little way from home; but
+was expected every minute to return. She set down to her brother a
+plentiful Highland breakfast. Prince Charles acted the servant very
+well, sitting at a respectful distance, with his bonnet off. Malcolm
+then said to him, 'Mr. Caw, you have as much need of this as I have;
+there is enough for us both: you had better draw nearer and share with
+me.' Upon which he rose, made a profound bow, sat down at table with his
+supposed master, and eat very heartily. After this there came in an old
+woman, who, after the mode of ancient hospitality, brought warm water,
+and washed Malcolm's feet. He desired her to wash the feet of the poor
+man who attended him. She at first seemed averse to this, from pride, as
+thinking him beneath her, and in the periphrastick language of the
+Highlanders and the Irish, said warmly, 'Though I washed your father's
+son's feet, why should I wash his father's son's feet?' She was however
+persuaded to do it.
+
+They then went to bed, and slept for some time; and when Malcolm awaked,
+he was told that Mr. John M'Kinnon, his brother-in-law, was in sight. He
+sprang out to talk to him before he should see Prince Charles. After
+saluting him, Malcolm, pointing to the sea, said, 'What, John, if the
+prince should be prisoner on board one of those tenders?' 'GOD forbid!'
+replied John. 'What if we had him here?' said Malcolm. 'I wish we had,'
+answered John; 'we should take care of him.' 'Well, John,' said Malcolm,
+'he is in your house.' John, in a transport of joy, wanted to run
+directly in, and pay his obeisance; but Malcolm stopped him, saying,
+'Now is your time to behave well, and do nothing that can discover him.'
+John composed himself, and having sent away all his servants upon
+different errands, he was introduced into the presence of his guest, and
+was then desired to go and get ready a boat lying near his house, which,
+though but a small leaky one, they resolved to take, rather than go to
+the Laird of M'Kinnon. John M'Kinnon, however, thought otherwise; and
+upon his return told them, that his Chief and lady M'Kinnon were coming
+in the laird's boat. Prince Charles said to his trusty Malcolm, 'I am
+sorry for this, but must make the best of it.' M'Kinnon then walked up
+from the shore, and did homage to the Wanderer. His lady waited in a
+cave, to which they all repaired, and were entertained with cold meat
+and wine. Mr. Malcolm M'Leod being now superseded by the Laird of
+M'Kinnon, desired leave to return, which was granted him, and Prince
+Charles wrote a short note, which he subscribed _James Thompson_,
+informing his friends that he had got away from Sky, and thanking them
+for their kindness; and he desired this might be speedily conveyed to
+young Rasay and Dr. Macleod, that they might not wait longer in
+expectation of seeing him again. He bade a cordial adieu to Malcolm, and
+insisted on his accepting of a silver stock-buckle, and ten guineas from
+his purse, though, as Malcolm told me, it did not appear to contain
+above forty. Malcolm at first begged to be excused, saying, that he had
+a few guineas at his service; but Prince Charles answered, 'You will
+have need of money. I shall get enough when I come upon the main land.'
+
+The Laird of M'Kinnon then conveyed him to the opposite coast of
+Knoidart. Old Rasay, to whom intelligence had been sent, was crossing at
+the same time to Sky; but as they did not know of each other, and each
+had apprehensions, the two boats kept aloof.
+
+These are the particulars which I have collected concerning the
+extraordinary concealment and escapes of Prince Charles, in the
+Hebrides. He was often in imminent danger.[556] The troops traced him
+from the Long Island, across Sky, to Portree, but there lost him.
+
+Here I stop,--having received no farther authentick information of his
+fatigues and perils before he escaped to France. Kings and subjects may
+both take a lesson of moderation from the melancholy fate of the House
+of Stuart; that Kings may not suffer degradation and exile, and subjects
+may not be harassed by the evils of a disputed succession.
+
+Let me close the scene on that unfortunate House with the elegant and
+pathetick reflections of _Voltaire_, in his _Histoire Générale_:--
+
+'Que les hommes privés (says that brilliant writer, speaking of Prince
+Charles) qui se croyent malheureux, jettent les yeux sur ce prince et
+ses ancêtres.'[557] In another place he thus sums up the sad story of
+the family in general:--
+
+'Il n'y a aucun exemple dans l'histoire d'une maison si longtems
+infortunée. Le premier des Rois d'Écosse, [ses aïeux] qui eut le nom de
+_Jacques_, après avoir été dix-huit ans prisonnier en Angleterre, mourut
+assassiné, avec sa femme, par la main de ses sujets. _Jacques_ II, son
+fils, fut tué à vingt-neuf ans en combattant contre les Anglois.
+_Jacques_ III, mis en prison par son peuple, fut tué ensuite par les
+révoltés, dans une bataille. _Jacques_ IV, périt dans un combat qu'il
+perdit. _Marie Stuart_, sa petite-fille, chassée de son trône, fugitive
+en Angleterre, ayant langui dix-huit ans en prison, se vit condamnée à
+mort par des juges Anglais, et eut la tête tranchée. _Charles_ Ier,
+petit-fils de _Marie_, Roi d'Écosse et d'Angleterre, vendu par les
+Écossois, et jugé à mort par les Anglais, mourut sur un échafaud dans la
+place publique. _Jacques_, son fils, septième du nom, et deuxième en
+Angleterre, fut chassé de ses trois royaumes; et pour comble de malheur
+on contesta à son fils [jusqu'à] sa naissance. Ce fils ne tenta de
+remonter sur le trône de ses pères, que pour faire périr ses amis par
+des bourreaux; et nous avons vu le Prince _Charles Édouard_, réunissant
+en vain les vertus de ses pères[558] et le courage du Roi _Jean
+Sobieski_, son aïeul maternel, exécuter les exploits et essuyer les
+malheurs les plus incroyables. Si quelque chose justifie ceux qui
+croient une fatalité à laquelle rien ne peut se soustraire, c'est cette
+suite continuelle de malheurs qui a persécuté la maison de _Stuart_,
+pendant plus de trois cents années.'[559]
+
+The gallant Malcolm was apprehended in about ten days after they
+separated, put aboard a ship and carried prisoner to London. He said,
+the prisoners in general were very ill treated in their passage; but
+there were soldiers on board who lived well, and sometimes invited him
+to share with them: that he had the good fortune not to be thrown into
+jail, but was confined in the house of a messenger, of the name of Dick.
+To his astonishment, only one witness could be found against him, though
+he had been so openly engaged; and therefore, for want of sufficient
+evidence, he was set at liberty. He added, that he thought himself in
+such danger, that he would gladly have compounded for banishment[560].
+Yet, he said, 'he should never be so ready for death as he then
+was[561].' There is philosophical truth in this. A man will meet death
+much more firmly at one time than another. The enthusiasm even of a
+mistaken principle warms the mind, and sets it above the fear of death;
+which in our cooler moments, if we really think of it, cannot but be
+terrible, or at least very awful.
+
+Miss Flora Macdonald being then also in London, under the protection of
+Lady Primrose[562], that lady provided a post-chaise to convey her to
+Scotland, and desired she might choose any friend she pleased to
+accompany her. She chose Malcolm. 'So (said he, with a triumphant air) I
+went to London to be hanged, and returned in a post-chaise with Miss
+Flora Macdonald.'
+
+Mr. Macleod of Muiravenside, whom we saw at Rasay, assured us that
+Prince Charles was in London in 1759[563], and that there was then a
+plan in agitation for restoring his family. Dr. Johnson could scarcely
+credit this story, and said, there could be no probable plan at that
+time. Such an attempt could not have succeeded, unless the King of
+Prussia had stopped the army in Germany; for both the army and the fleet
+would, even without orders, have fought for the King, to whom they had
+engaged themselves.
+
+Having related so many particulars concerning the grandson of the
+unfortunate King James the Second; having given due praise to fidelity
+and generous attachment, which, however erroneous the judgment may be,
+are honourable for the heart; I must do the Highlanders the justice to
+attest, that I found every where amongst them a high opinion of the
+virtues of the King now upon the throne, and an honest disposition to be
+faithful subjects to his majesty, whose family has possessed the
+sovereignty of this country so long, that a change, even for the
+abdicated family, would now hurt the best feelings of all his subjects.
+
+The _abstract_ point of _right_ would involve us in a discussion of
+remote and perplexed questions; and after all, we should have no clear
+principle of decision. That establishment, which, from political
+necessity, took place in 1688, by a breach in the succession of our
+kings, and which, whatever benefits may have accrued from it, certainly
+gave a shock to our monarchy,[564]--the able and constitutional
+Blackstone wisely rests on the solid footing of authority. 'Our
+ancestors having most indisputably a competent jurisdiction to decide
+this great and important question, and having, in fact, decided it, it
+is now become our duty, at this distance of time, to acquiesce in their
+determination.[565]'
+
+Mr. Paley, the present Archdeacon of Carlisle, in his _Principles of
+Moral and Political Philosophy_, having, with much clearness of
+argument, shewn the duty of submission to civil government to be founded
+neither on an indefeasible _jus divinum_, nor on _compact_, but on
+_expediency_, lays down this rational position:--
+
+'Irregularity in the first foundation of a state, or subsequent
+violence, fraud, or injustice, in getting possession of the supreme
+power, are not sufficient reasons for resistance, after the government
+is once peaceably settled. No subject of the _British_ empire conceives
+himself engaged to vindicate the justice of the _Norman_ claim or
+conquest, or apprehends that his duty in any manner depends upon that
+controversy. So likewise, if the house of _Lancaster_, or even the
+posterity of _Cromwell_, had been at this day seated upon the throne of
+_England_, we should have been as little concerned to enquire how the
+founder of the family came there[566].'  In conformity with this
+doctrine, I myself, though fully persuaded that the House of _Stuart_
+had originally no right to the crown of _Scotland_; for that _Baliol_,
+and not _Bruce_, was the lawful heir; should yet have thought it very
+culpable to have rebelled, on that account, against Charles the First,
+or even a prince of that house much nearer the time, in order to assert
+the claim of the posterity of Baliol.
+
+However convinced I am of the justice of that principle, which holds
+allegiance and protection to be reciprocal, I do however acknowledge,
+that I am not satisfied with the cold sentiment which would confine the
+exertions of the subject within the strict line of duty. I would have
+every breast animated with the _fervour_ of loyalty[567]; with that
+generous attachment which delights in doing somewhat more than is
+required, and makes 'service perfect freedom[568].' And, therefore, as
+our most gracious Sovereign, on his accession to the throne, gloried in
+being _born a Briton_[569]; so, in my more private sphere, _Ego me nunc_
+denique natum, _gratulor_[570]. I am happy that a disputed succession no
+longer distracts our minds; and that a monarchy, established by law, is
+now so sanctioned by time, that we can fully indulge those feelings of
+loyalty which I am ambitious to excite. They are feelings which have
+ever actuated the inhabitants of the Highlands and the Hebrides. The
+plant of loyalty is there in full vigour, and the Brunswick graft now
+flourishes like a native shoot. To that spirited race of people I may
+with propriety apply the elegant lines of a modern poet, on the 'facile
+temper of the beauteous sex[571]:'--
+
+     'Like birds new-caught, who flutter for a time,
+      And struggle with captivity in vain;
+      But by-and-by they rest, they smooth their plumes,
+      And to _new masters_ sing their former notes[572].'
+
+Surely such notes are much better than the querulous growlings of
+suspicious Whigs and discontented Republicans.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Kingsburgh conducted us in his boat across one of the lochs, as they
+call them, or arms of the sea, which flow in upon all the coasts of
+Sky,--to a mile beyond a place called _Grishinish_. Our horses had been
+sent round by land to meet us. By this sail we saved eight miles of bad
+riding. Dr. Johnson said, 'When we take into computation what we have
+saved, and what we have gained, by this agreeable sail, it is a great
+deal.' He observed, 'it is very disagreeable riding in Sky. The way is
+so narrow, one only at a time can travel, so it is quite unsocial; and
+you cannot indulge in meditation by yourself, because you must be always
+attending to the steps which your horse takes.' This was a just and
+clear description of its inconveniences.
+
+The topick of emigration being again introduced[573], Dr. Johnson said,
+that 'a rapacious chief would make a wilderness of his estate.' Mr.
+Donald M'Queen told us, that the oppression, which then made so much
+noise, was owing to landlords listening to bad advice in the letting of
+their lands; that interested and designed[574] people flattered them
+with golden dreams of much higher rents than could reasonably be paid:
+and that some of the gentlemen _tacksmen_[575], or upper tenants, were
+themselves in part the occasion of the mischief, by over-rating the
+farms of others. That many of the _tacksmen_, rather than comply with
+exorbitant demands, had gone off to America, and impoverished the
+country, by draining it of its wealth; and that their places were filled
+by a number of poor people, who had lived under them, properly speaking,
+as servants, paid by a certain proportion of the produce of the lands,
+though called sub-tenants. I observed, that if the men of substance were
+once banished from a Highland estate, it might probably be greatly
+reduced in its value; for one bad year might ruin a set of poor tenants,
+and men of any property would not settle in such a country, unless from
+the temptation of getting land extremely cheap; for an inhabitant of any
+good county in Britain, had better go to America than to the Highlands
+or the Hebrides. Here, therefore, was a consideration that ought to
+induce a Chief to act a more liberal part, from a mere motive of
+interest, independent of the lofty and honourable principle of keeping a
+clan together, to be in readiness to serve his king. I added, that I
+could not help thinking a little arbitrary power in the sovereign, to
+control the bad policy and greediness of the Chiefs, might sometimes be
+of service. In France a Chief would not be permitted to force a number
+of the king's subjects out of the country. Dr. Johnson concurred with
+me, observing, that 'were an oppressive chieftain a subject of the
+French king, he would probably be admonished by a _letter_.[576]'
+
+During our sail, Dr. Johnson asked about the use of the dirk, with which
+he imagined the Highlanders cut their meat. He was told, they had a
+knife and fork besides, to eat with. He asked, how did the women do? and
+was answered, some of them had a knife and fork too; but in general the
+men, when they had cut their meat, handed their knives and forks to the
+women, and they themselves eat with their fingers. The old tutor of
+Macdonald always eat fish with his fingers, alledging that a knife and
+fork gave it a bad taste. I took the liberty to observe to Dr. Johnson,
+that he did so. 'Yes, said he; but it is because I am short-sighted, and
+afraid of bones, for which reason I am not fond of eating many kinds of
+fish, because I must use my fingers.'
+
+Dr. M'Pherson's _Dissertations on Scottish Antiquities_, which he had
+looked at when at Corrichatachin[577], being mentioned, he remarked,
+that 'you might read half an hour, and ask yourself what you had been
+reading: there were so many words to so little matter, that there was no
+getting through the book.'
+
+As soon as we reached the shore, we took leave of Kingsburgh, and
+mounted our horses. We passed through a wild moor, in many places so
+soft that we were obliged to walk, which was very fatiguing to Dr.
+Johnson. Once he had advanced on horseback to a very bad step. There
+was a steep declivity on his left, to which he was so near, that there
+was not room for him to dismount in the usual way. He tried to alight on
+the other side, as if he had been a _young buck_ indeed, but in the
+attempt he fell at his length upon the ground; from which, however, he
+got up immediately without being hurt. During this dreary ride, we were
+sometimes relieved by a view of branches of the sea, that universal
+medium of connection amongst mankind. A guide, who had been sent with us
+from Kingsburgh, explored the way (much in the same manner as, I
+suppose, is pursued in the wilds of America,) by observing certain marks
+known only to the inhabitants. We arrived at Dunvegan late in the
+afternoon. The great size of the castle, which is partly old and partly
+new, and is built upon a rock close to the sea, while the land around it
+presents nothing but wild, moorish, hilly, and craggy appearances, gave
+a rude magnificence to the scene. Having dismounted, we ascended a
+flight of steps, which was made by the late Macleod, for the
+accommodation of persons coming to him by land, there formerly being,
+for security, no other access to the castle but from the sea; so that
+visitors who came by the land were under the necessity of getting into a
+boat, and sailed round to the only place where it could be approached.
+We were introduced into a stately dining-room, and received by Lady
+Macleod, mother of the laird, who, with his friend Talisker, having been
+detained on the road, did not arrive till some time after us.
+
+We found the lady of the house a very polite and sensible woman, who had
+lived for some time in London, and had there been in Dr. Johnson's
+company. After we had dined, we repaired to the drawing-room, where some
+of the young ladies of the family, with their mother, were at tea[578].
+This room had formerly been the bed-chamber of Sir Roderick Macleod, one
+of the old Lairds; and he chose it, because, behind it, there was a
+considerable cascade[579], the sound of which disposed him to sleep.
+Above his bed was this inscription: 'Sir Rorie M'Leod of Dunvegan,
+Knight. GOD send good rest!' Rorie is the contraction of Roderick. He
+was called Rorie _More_, that is, great Rorie, not from his size, but
+from his spirit. Our entertainment here was in so elegant a style, and
+reminded my fellow-traveller so much of England, that he became quite
+joyous. He laughed, and said, 'Boswell, we came in at the wrong end of
+this island.' 'Sir, (said I,) it was best to keep this for the last.' He
+answered, 'I would have it both first and last.'
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 14.
+
+Dr. Johnson said in the morning, 'Is not this a fine lady[580]?' There
+was not a word now of his 'impatience to be in civilized
+life[581];--though indeed I should beg pardon,--he found it here. We had
+slept well, and lain long. After breakfast we surveyed the castle, and
+the garden. Mr. Bethune, the parish minister,--Magnus M'Leod, of
+Claggan, brother to Talisker, and M'Leod of Bay, two substantial
+gentlemen of the clan, dined with us. We had admirable venison, generous
+wine; in a word, all that a good table has. This was really the hall of
+a chief. Lady M'Leod had been much obliged to my father, who had settled
+by arbitration a variety of perplexed claims between her and her
+relation, the Laird of Brodie, which she now repaid by particular
+attention to me. M'Leod started the subject of making women do penance
+in the church for fornication. JOHNSON. 'It is right, Sir. Infamy is
+attached to the crime, by universal opinion, as soon as it is known. I
+would not be the man who would discover it, if I alone knew it, for a
+woman may reform; nor would I commend a parson who divulges a woman's
+first offence; but being once divulged, it ought to be infamous.
+Consider, of what importance to society the chastity of women is. Upon
+that all the property in the world depends[582]. We hang a thief for
+stealing a sheep; but the unchastity of a woman transfers sheep, and
+farm and all, from the right owner. I have much more reverence for a
+common prostitute than for a woman who conceals her guilt. The
+prostitute is known. She cannot deceive: she cannot bring a strumpet
+into the arms of an honest man, without his knowledge. BOSWELL. 'There
+is, however, a great difference between the licentiousness of a single
+woman, and that of a married woman.' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; there is a
+great difference between stealing a shilling, and stealing a thousand
+pounds; between simply taking a man's purse, and murdering him first,
+and then taking it. But when one begins to be vicious, it is easy to go
+on. Where single women are licentious, you rarely find faithful married
+women.' BOSWELL. 'And yet we are told that in some nations in India, the
+distinction is strictly observed.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, don't give us India.
+That puts me in mind of Montesquieu, who is really a fellow of genius
+too in many respects; whenever he wants to support a strange opinion, he
+quotes you the practice of Japan or of some other distant country of
+which he knows nothing. To support polygamy, he tells you of the island
+of Formosa, where there are ten women born for one man[583]. He had but
+to suppose another island, where there are ten men born for one woman,
+and so make a marriage between them.[584]'  At supper, Lady Macleod
+mentioned Dr. Cadogan's book on the gout[585]. JOHNSON. 'It is a good
+book in general, but a foolish one in particulars. It is good in
+general, as recommending temperance and exercise, and cheerfulness. In
+that respect it is only Dr. Cheyne's book told in a new way; and there
+should come out such a book every thirty years, dressed in the mode of
+the times. It is foolish, in maintaining that the gout is not
+hereditary, and that one fit of it, when gone, is like a fever when
+gone.' Lady Macleod objected that the author does not practise what he
+teaches[586]. JOHNSON. 'I cannot help that, madam. That does not make
+his book the worse. People are influenced more by what a man says, if
+his practice is suitable to it,--because they are blockheads. The more
+intellectual people are, the readier will they attend to what a man
+tells them. If it is just, they will follow it, be his practice what it
+will. No man practises so well as he writes. I have, all my life long,
+been lying till noon[587]; yet I tell all young men, and tell them with
+great sincerity, that nobody who does not rise early will ever do any
+good. Only consider! You read a book; you are convinced by it; you do
+not know the authour. Suppose you afterwards know him, and find that he
+does not practise what he teaches; are you to give up your former
+conviction? At this rate you would be kept in a state of equilibrium,
+when reading every book, till you knew how the authour practised.[588]'
+'But,' said Lady M'Leod, 'you would think better of Dr. Cadogan, if he
+acted according to his principles.' JOHNSON. 'Why, Madam, to be sure, a
+man who acts in the face of light, is worse than a man who does not know
+so much; yet I think no man should be the worse thought of for
+publishing good principles. There is something noble in publishing
+truth, though it condemns one's self.[589]' I expressed some surprize at
+Cadogan's recommending good humour, as if it were quite in our own power
+to attain it. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, a man grows better humoured as he
+grows older. He improves by experience. When young, he thinks himself of
+great consequence, and every thing of importance. As he advances in
+life, he learns to think himself of no consequence, and little things of
+little importance; and so he becomes more patient, and better pleased.
+All good-humour and complaisance are acquired. Naturally a child seizes
+directly what it sees, and thinks of pleasing itself only. By degrees,
+it is taught to please others, and to prefer others; and that this will
+ultimately produce the greatest happiness. If a man is not convinced of
+that, he never will practise it. Common language speaks the truth as to
+this: we say, a person is well _bred_. As it is said, that all material
+motion is primarily in a right line, and is never _per circuitum_, never
+in another form, unless by some particular cause; so it may be said
+intellectual motion is.' Lady M'Leod asked, if no man was naturally
+good? JOHNSON. 'No, Madam, no more than a wolf.' BOSWELL. 'Nor no woman,
+Sir?' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir.[590]' Lady M'Leod started at this, saying, in a
+low voice, 'This is worse than Swift.'
+
+M'Leod of Ulinish had come in the afternoon. We were a jovial company at
+supper. The Laird, surrounded by so many of his clan, was to me a
+pleasing sight. They listened with wonder and pleasure, while Dr.
+Johnson harangued. I am vexed that I cannot take down his full strain of
+eloquence.
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 15.
+
+The gentlemen of the clan went away early in the morning to the harbour
+of Lochbradale, to take leave of some of their friends who were going to
+America. It was a very wet day. We looked at Rorie More's horn, which is
+a large cow's horn, with the mouth of it ornamented with silver
+curiously carved. It holds rather more than a bottle and a half. Every
+Laird of M'Leod, it is said, must, as a proof of his manhood, drink it
+off full of claret, without laying it down. From Rorie More many of the
+branches of the family are descended; in particular, the Talisker
+branch; so that his name is much talked of. We also saw his bow, which
+hardly any man now can bend, and his _Glaymore>_, which was wielded with
+both hands, and is of a prodigious size. We saw here some old pieces of
+iron armour, immensely heavy. The broadsword now used, though called the
+_Glaymore, (i.e._ the _great sword_) is much smaller than that used in
+Rorie More's time. There is hardly a target now to be found in the
+Highlands. After the disarming act[591], they made them serve as covers
+to their butter-milk barrels; a kind of change, like beating spears into
+pruning-hooks[592].
+
+Sir George Mackenzie's Works (the folio edition) happened to lie in a
+window in the dining room. I asked Dr. Johnson to look at the
+_Characteres Advocatorum_. He allowed him power of mind, and that he
+understood very well what he tells[593]; but said, that there was too
+much declamation, and that the Latin was not correct. He found fault
+with _appropinquabant_[594], in the character of Gilmour. I tried him
+with the opposition between _gloria_ and _palma_, in the comparison
+between Gilmour and Nisbet, which Lord Hailes, in his _Catalogue of the
+Lords of Session_, thinks difficult to be understood. The words are,
+_'penes illum gloria, penes hunc palma_[595].' In a short _Account of
+the Kirk of Scotland_, which I published some years ago, I applied these
+words to the two contending parties, and explained them thus: 'The
+popular party has most eloquence; Dr. Robertson's party most influence.'
+I was very desirous to hear Dr. Johnson's explication. JOHNSON. 'I see
+no difficulty. Gilmour was admired for his parts; Nisbet carried his
+cause by his skill in law. _Palma_ is victory.' I observed, that the
+character of Nicholson, in this book resembled that of Burke: for it is
+said, in one place, _'in omnes lusos & jocos se saepe resolvebat_[596];'
+and, in another, _'sed accipitris more e conspectu aliquando astantium
+sublimi se protrahens volatu, in praedam miro impetu descendebat[597]'._
+JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; I never heard Burke make a good joke in my
+life[598].' BOSWELL. 'But, Sir, you will allow he is a hawk.' Dr.
+Johnson, thinking that I meant this of his joking, said, 'No, Sir, he is
+not the hawk there. He is the beetle in the mire[599].' I still adhered
+to my metaphor,--'But he _soars_ as the hawk.' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; but
+he catches nothing.' M'Leod asked, what is the particular excellence of
+Burke's eloquence? JOHNSON. 'Copiousness and fertility of allusion; a
+power of diversifying his matter, by placing it in various relations.
+Burke has great information, and great command of language; though, in
+my opinion, it has not in every respect the highest elegance.' BOSWELL.
+'Do you think, Sir, that Burke has read Cicero much?' JOHNSON. 'I don't
+believe it, Sir. Burke has great knowledge, great fluency of words, and
+great promptness of ideas, so that he can speak with great illustration
+on any subject that comes before him. He is neither like Cicero, nor
+like Demosthenes[600], nor like any one else, but speaks as well as
+he can.'
+
+In the 65th page of the first volume of Sir George Mackenzie, Dr.
+Johnson pointed out a paragraph beginning with _Aristotle_, and told me
+there was an error in the text, which he bade me try to discover. I was
+lucky enough to hit it at once. As the passage is printed, it is said
+that the devil answers _even_ in _engines_. I corrected it to--_ever_ in
+_oenigmas_. 'Sir, (said he,) you are a good critick. This would have
+been a great thing to do in the text of an ancient authour.'
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 16.
+
+Last night much care was taken of Dr. Johnson, who was still distressed
+by his cold. He had hitherto most strangely slept without a night-cap.
+Miss M'Leod made him a large flannel one, and he was prevailed with to
+drink a little brandy when he was going to bed. He has great virtue in
+not drinking wine or any fermented liquor, because, as he acknowledged
+to us, he could not do it in moderation[601]. Lady M'Leod would hardly
+believe him, and said, 'I am sure, Sir, you would not carry it too far.'
+JOHNSON. 'Nay, madam, it carried me. I took the opportunity of a long
+illness to leave it off. It was then prescribed to me not to drink wine;
+and, having broken off the habit, I have never returned to it[602].'
+
+In the argument on Tuesday night, about natural goodness, Dr. Johnson
+denied that any child was better than another, but by difference of
+instruction; though, in consequence of greater attention being paid to
+instruction by one child than another, and of a variety of imperceptible
+causes, such as instruction being counteracted by servants, a notion was
+conceived, that of two children, equally well educated, one was
+naturally much worse than another. He owned, this morning, that one
+might have a greater aptitude to learn than another, and that we
+inherit dispositions from our parents[603]. 'I inherited, (said he,) a
+vile melancholy from my father, which has made me mad all my life, at
+least not sober[604].' Lady M'Leod wondered he should tell this. 'Madam,
+(said I,) he knows that with that madness he is superior to other men.'
+
+I have often been astonished with what exactness and perspicuity he will
+explain the process of any art. He this morning explained to us all the
+operation of coining, and, at night, all the operation of brewing, so
+very clearly, that Mr. M'Queen said, when he heard the first, he thought
+he had been bred in the Mint; when he heard the second, that he had been
+bred a brewer.
+
+I was elated by the thought of having been able to entice such a man to
+this remote part of the world. A ludicrous, yet just image presented
+itself to my mind, which I expressed to the company. I compared myself
+to a dog who has got hold of a large piece of meat, and runs away with
+it to a corner, where he may devour it in peace, without any fear of
+others taking it from him. 'In London, Reynolds, Beauclerk, and all of
+them, are contending who shall enjoy Dr. Johnson's conversation. We are
+feasting upon it, undisturbed, at Dunvegan.'
+
+It was still a storm of wind and rain. Dr. Johnson however walked out
+with M'Leod, and saw Rorie More's cascade in full perfection. Colonel
+M'Leod, instead of being all life and gaiety, as I have seen him, was at
+present grave, and somewhat depressed by his anxious concern about
+M'Leod's affairs, and by finding some gentlemen of the clan by no means
+disposed to act a generous or affectionate part to their Chief in his
+distress, but bargaining with him as with a stranger. However, he was
+agreeable and polite, and Dr. Johnson said, he was a very pleasing man.
+My fellow-traveller and I talked of going to Sweden[605]; and, while we
+were settling our plan, I expressed a pleasure in the prospect of seeing
+the king. JOHNSON. 'I doubt, Sir, if he would speak to us.' Colonel
+M'Leod said, 'I am sure Mr. Boswell would speak to _him_.' But, seeing
+me a little disconcerted by his remark, he politely added, 'and with
+great propriety.' Here let me offer a short defence of that propensity
+in my disposition, to which this gentleman alluded. It has procured me
+much happiness. I hope it does not deserve so hard a name as either
+forwardness or impudence. If I know myself, it is nothing more than an
+eagerness to share the society of men distinguished either by their rank
+or their talents, and a diligence to attain what I desire[606]. If a man
+is praised for seeking knowledge, though mountains and seas are in his
+way, may he not be pardoned, whose ardour, in the pursuit of the same
+object, leads him to encounter difficulties as great, though of a
+different kind?
+
+After the ladies were gone from table, we talked of the Highlanders not
+having sheets; and this led us to consider the advantage of wearing
+linen. JOHNSON. 'All animal substances are less cleanly than vegetable.
+Wool, of which flannel is made, is an animal substance; flannel
+therefore is not so cleanly as linen. I remember I used to think tar
+dirty; but when I knew it to be only a preparation of the juice of the
+pine, I thought so no longer. It is not disagreeable to have the gum
+that oozes from a plum-tree upon your fingers, because it is vegetable;
+but if you have any candle-grease, any tallow upon your fingers, you are
+uneasy till you rub it off. I have often thought, that if I kept a
+seraglio, the ladies should all wear linen gowns,--or cotton; I mean
+stuffs made of vegetable substances. I would have no silk; you cannot
+tell when it is clean: It will be very nasty before it is perceived to
+be so. Linen detects its own dirtiness.'
+
+To hear the grave Dr. Samuel Johnson, 'that majestick teacher of moral
+and religious wisdom,' while sitting solemn in an armchair in the Isle
+of Sky, talk, _ex cathedra_, of his keeping a seraglio[607], and
+acknowledge that the supposition had _often_ been in his thoughts,
+struck me so forcibly with ludicrous contrast, that I could not but
+laugh immoderately. He was too proud to submit, even for a moment, to be
+the object of ridicule, and instantly retaliated with such keen
+sarcastick wit, and such a variety of degrading images, of every one of
+which I was the object, that, though I can bear such attacks as well as
+most men, I yet found myself so much the sport of all the company, that
+I would gladly expunge from my mind every trace of this severe retort.
+
+Talking of our friend Langton's house in Lincolnshire, he said, 'the old
+house of the family was burnt. A temporary building was erected in its
+room; and to this day they have been always adding as the family
+increased. It is like a shirt made for a man when he was a child, and
+enlarged always as he grows older.'
+
+We talked to-night of Luther's allowing the Landgrave of Hesse two
+wives, and that it was with the consent of the wife to whom he was first
+married. JOHNSON. 'There was no harm in this, so far as she was only
+concerned, because _volenti non fit injuria_. But it was an offence
+against the general order of society, and against the law of the Gospel,
+by which one man and one woman are to be united. No man can have two
+wives, but by preventing somebody else from having one.'
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 17.
+
+After dinner yesterday, we had a conversation upon cunning. M'Leod said
+that he was not afraid of cunning people; but would let them play their
+tricks about him like monkeys. 'But, (said I,) they'll scratch;' and Mr.
+M'Queen added, 'they'll invent new tricks, as soon as you find out what
+they do.' JOHNSON. 'Cunning has effect from the credulity of others,
+rather than from the abilities of those who are cunning. It requires no
+extraordinary talents to lie and deceive[608].' This led us to consider
+whether it did not require great abilities to be very wicked. JOHNSON.
+'It requires great abilities to have the _power_ of being very wicked;
+but not to _be_ very wicked. A man who has the power, which great
+abilities procure him, may use it well or ill; and it requires more
+abilities to use it well, than to use it ill. Wickedness is always
+easier than virtue; for it takes the short cut to every thing. It is
+much easier to steal a hundred pounds, than to get it by labour, or any
+other way. Consider only what act of wickedness requires great abilities
+to commit it, when once the person who is to do it has the power; for
+_there_ is the distinction. It requires great abilities to conquer an
+army, but none to massacre it after it is conquered.'
+
+The weather this day was rather better than any that we had since we
+came to Dunvegan. Mr. M'Queen had often mentioned a curious piece of
+antiquity near this, which he called a temple of the Goddess ANAITIS.
+Having often talked of going to see it, he and I set out after
+breakfast, attended by his servant, a fellow quite like a savage. I must
+observe here, that in Sky there seems to be much idleness; for men and
+boys follow you, as colts follow passengers upon a road. The usual
+figure of a Sky-boy, is a _lown_ with bare legs and feet, a dirty
+_kilt_, ragged coat and waistcoat, a bare head, and a stick in his hand,
+which, I suppose, is partly to help the lazy rogue to walk, partly to
+serve as a kind of a defensive weapon. We walked what is called two
+miles, but is probably four, from the castle, till we came to the sacred
+place. The country around is a black dreary moor on all sides, except to
+the sea-coast, towards which there is a view through a valley; and the
+farm of _Bay_ shews some good land. The place itself is green ground,
+being well drained by means of a deep glen on each side, in both of
+which there runs a rivulet with a good quantity of water, forming
+several cascades, which make a considerable appearance and sound. The
+first thing we came to was an earthen mound, or dyke, extending from the
+one precipice to the other. A little farther on was a strong stone-wall,
+not high, but very thick, extending in the same manner. On the outside
+of it were the ruins of two houses, one on each side of the entry or
+gate to it. The wall is built all along of uncemented stones, but of so
+large a size as to make a very firm and durable rampart. It has been
+built all about the consecrated ground, except where the precipice is
+steep enough to form an inclosure of itself. The sacred spot contains
+more than two acres. There are within it the ruins of many houses, none
+of them large,--a _cairn_,--and many graves marked by clusters of
+stones. Mr. M'Queen insisted that the ruin of a small building, standing
+east and west, was actually the temple of the Goddess ANAITIS, where her
+statue was kept, and from whence processions were made to wash it in one
+of the brooks. There is, it must be owned, a hollow road, visible for a
+good way from the entrance; but Mr. M'Queen, with the keen eye of an
+antiquary, traced it much farther than I could perceive it. There is not
+above a foot and a half in height of the walls now remaining; and the
+whole extent of the building was never, I imagine, greater than an
+ordinary Highland house. Mr. M'Queen has collected a great deal of
+learning on the subject of the temple of ANAITIS; and I had endeavoured,
+in my _Journal_, to state such particulars as might give some idea of
+it, and of the surrounding scenery; but from the great difficulty of
+describing visible objects[609], I found my account so unsatisfactory,
+that my readers would probably have exclaimed
+
+     'And write about it, _Goddess_, and about it[610];'
+
+and therefore I have omitted it.
+
+When we got home, and were again at table with Dr. Johnson, we first
+talked of portraits. He agreed in thinking them valuable in families. I
+wished to know which he preferred, fine portraits, or those of which the
+merit was resemblance. JOHNSON. 'Sir, their chief excellence is being
+like.' BOSWELL. 'Are you of that opinion as to the portraits of
+ancestors, whom one has never seen?' JOHNSON. 'It then becomes of more
+consequence that they should be like; and I would have them in the dress
+of the times, which makes a piece of history. One should like to see how
+_Rorie More_ looked. Truth, Sir, is of the greatest value in these
+things[611].' Mr. M'Queen observed, that if you think it of no
+consequence whether portraits are like, if they are but well painted,
+you may be indifferent whether a piece of history is true or not, if
+well told.
+
+Dr. Johnson said at breakfast to-day, 'that it was but of late that
+historians bestowed pains and attention in consulting records, to attain
+to accuracy[1]. Bacon, in writing his history of Henry VII, does not
+seem to have consulted any, but to have just taken what he found in
+other histories, and blended it with what he learnt by tradition.' He
+agreed with me that there should be a chronicle kept in every
+considerable family, to preserve the characters and transactions of
+successive generations.
+
+After dinner I started the subject of the temple of ANAITIS. Mr. M'Queen
+had laid stress on the name given to the place by the country
+people,--_Ainnit_; and added, 'I knew not what to make of this piece of
+antiquity, till I met with the _Anaitidis delubrum_ in Lydia, mentioned
+by Pausanias and the elder Pliny.' Dr. Johnson, with his usual
+acuteness, examined Mr. M'Queen as to the meaning of the word _Ainnit_,
+in Erse; and it proved to be a _water-place_, or a place near water,
+'which,' said Mr. M'Queen, 'agrees with all the descriptions of the
+temples of that goddess, which were situated near rivers, that there
+might be water to wash the statue.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir, the argument
+from the name is gone. The name is exhausted by what we see. We have no
+occasion to go to a distance for what we can pick up under our feet. Had
+it been an accidental name, the similarity between it and Anaitis might
+have had something in it; but it turns out to be a mere physiological
+name.' Macleod said, Mr. M'Queen's knowledge of etymology had destroyed
+his conjecture. JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; Mr. M'Queen is like the eagle
+mentioned by Waller, who was shot with an arrow feather'd from his own
+wing[612].' Mr. M'Queen would not, however, give up his conjecture.
+JOHNSON. 'You have one possibility for you, and all possibilities
+against you. It is possible it may be the temple of Anaitis. But it is
+also possible that it may be a fortification; or it may be a place of
+Christian worship, as the first Christians often chose remote and wild
+places, to make an impression on the mind; or, if it was a heathen
+temple, it may have been built near a river, for the purpose of
+lustration; and there is such a multitude of divinities, to whom it may
+have been dedicated, that the chance of its being a temple of _Anaitis_
+is hardly any thing. It is like throwing a grain of sand upon the
+sea-shore to-day, and thinking you may find it to-morrow. No, Sir, this
+temple, like many an ill-built edifice, tumbles down before it is roofed
+in.' In his triumph over the reverend antiquarian, he indulged himself
+in a _conceit_; for, some vestige of the _altar_ of the goddess being
+much insisted on in support of the hypothesis, he said, 'Mr. M'Queen is
+fighting _pro_ aris _et focis'_.
+
+It was wonderful how well time passed in a remote castle, and in dreary
+weather. After supper, we talked of Pennant. It was objected that he was
+superficial. Dr. Johnson defended him warmly[613]. He said, 'Pennant has
+greater variety of enquiry than almost any man, and has told us more
+than perhaps one in ten thousand could have done, in the time that he
+took. He has not said what he was to tell; so you cannot find fault with
+him, for what he has not told. If a man comes to look for fishes, you
+cannot blame him if he does not attend to fowls.' 'But,' said Colonel
+M'Leod, 'he mentions the unreasonable rise of rents in the Highlands,
+and says, "the gentlemen are for emptying the bag, without filling
+it[614];" for that is the phrase he uses. Why does he not tell how to
+fill it?' JOHNSON. 'Sir, there is no end of negative criticism. He tells
+what he observes, and as much as he chooses. If he tells what is not
+true, you may find fault with him; but, though he tells that the land is
+not well cultivated, he is not obliged to tell how it may be well
+cultivated. If I tell that many of the Highlanders go bare-footed, I am
+not obliged to tell how they may get shoes. Pennant tells a fact. He
+need go no farther, except he pleases. He exhausts nothing; and no
+subject whatever has yet been exhausted. But Pennant has surely told a
+great deal. Here is a man six feet high, and you are angry because he is
+not seven.' Notwithstanding this eloquent _Oratio pro Pennantio_, which
+they who have read this gentleman's _Tours_, and recollect the _Savage_
+and the _Shopkeeper_ at _Monboddo_[615], will probably impute to the
+spirit of contradiction, I still think that he had better have given
+more attention to fewer things, than have thrown together such a number
+of imperfect accounts.
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 18.
+
+Before breakfast, Dr. Johnson came up to my room to forbid me to mention
+that this was his birthday; but I told him I had done it already; at
+which he was displeased[616]; I suppose from wishing to have nothing
+particular done on his account. Lady M'Leod and I got into a warm
+dispute. She wanted to build a house upon a farm which she has taken,
+about five miles from the castle, and to make gardens and other
+ornaments there; all of which I approved of; but insisted that the seat
+of the family should always be upon the rock of Dunvegan. JOHNSON. 'Ay,
+in time we'll build all round this rock. You may make a very good house
+at the farm; but it must not be such as to tempt the Laird of M'Leod to
+go thither to reside. Most of the great families in England have a
+secondary residence, which is called a jointure-house: let the new house
+be of that kind.' The lady insisted that the rock was very inconvenient;
+that there was no place near it where a good garden could be made; that
+it must always be a rude place; that it was a _Herculean_ labour to make
+a dinner here. I was vexed to find the alloy of modern refinement in a
+lady who had so much old family spirit. 'Madam, (said I,) if once you
+quit this rock, there is no knowing where you may settle. You move five
+miles first;--then to St. Andrews, as the late Laird did;--then to
+Edinburgh;--and so on till you end at Hampstead, or in France. No, no;
+keep to the rock: it is the very jewel of the estate. It looks as if it
+had been let down from heaven by the four corners, to be the residence
+of a Chief. Have all the comforts and conveniences of life upon it, but
+never leave Rorie More's cascade.' 'But, (said she,) is it not enough if
+we keep it? Must we never have more convenience than Rorie More had? he
+had his beef brought to dinner in one basket, and his bread in another.
+Why not as well be Rorie More all over, as live upon his rock? And
+should not we tire, in looking perpetually on this rock? It is very well
+for you, who have a fine place, and every thing easy, to talk thus, and
+think of chaining honest folks to a rock. You would not live upon it
+yourself.' 'Yes, Madam, (said I,) I would live upon it, were I Laird of
+M'Leod, and should be unhappy if I were not upon it.' JOHNSON. (with a
+strong voice, and most determined manner), 'Madam, rather than quit the
+old rock, Boswell would live in the pit; he would make his bed in the
+dungeon.' I felt a degree of elation, at finding my resolute feudal
+enthusiasm thus confirmed by such a sanction. The lady was puzzled a
+little. She still returned to her pretty farm,--rich ground,--fine
+garden. 'Madam, (said Dr. Johnson,) were they in Asia, I would not leave
+the rock.' My opinion on this subject is still the same. An ancient
+family residence ought to be a primary object; and though the situation
+of Dunvegan be such that little can be done here in gardening, or
+pleasure-ground, yet, in addition to the veneration required by the
+lapse of time, it has many circumstances of natural grandeur, suited to
+the seat of a Highland Chief: it has the sea--islands--rocks,--hills,
+--a noble cascade; and when the family is again in opulence, something
+may be done by art.  Mr. Donald M'Queen went away to-day, in order to
+preach at Bracadale next day. We were so comfortably situated at
+Dunvegan, that Dr. Johnson could hardly be moved from it. I proposed to
+him that we should leave it on Monday. 'No, Sir, (said he,) I will not
+go before Wednesday. I will have some more of this good[617].' However,
+as the weather was at this season so bad, and so very uncertain, and we
+had a great deal to do yet, Mr. M'Queen and I prevailed with him to
+agree to set out on Monday, if the day should be good. Mr. M'Queen,
+though it was inconvenient for him to be absent from his harvest,
+engaged to wait on Monday at Ulinish for us. When he was going away, Dr.
+Johnson said, 'I shall ever retain a great regard for you[618];' then
+asked him if he had _The Rambler_. Mr. M'Queen said, 'No; but my brother
+has it.' JOHNSON. 'Have you _The Idler_? M'QUEEN. 'No, Sir.' JOHNSON.
+'Then I will order one for you at Edinburgh, which you will keep in
+remembrance of me.' Mr. M'Queen was much pleased with this. He expressed
+to me, in the strongest terms, his admiration of Dr. Johnson's wonderful
+knowledge, and every other quality for which he is distinguished. I
+asked Mr. M'Queen, if he was satisfied with being a minister in Sky. He
+said he was; but he owned that his forefathers having been so long
+there, and his having been born there, made a chief ingredient in
+forming his contentment. I should have mentioned that on our left hand,
+between Portree and Dr. Macleod's house, Mr. M'Queen told me there had
+been a college of the Knights Templars; that tradition said so; and that
+there was a ruin remaining of their church, which had been burnt: but I
+confess Dr. Johnson has weakened my belief in remote tradition. In the
+dispute about _Anaitis_, Mr. M'Queen said, Asia Minor was peopled by
+Scythians, and, as they were the ancestors of the Celts, the same
+religion might be in Asia Minor and Sky. JOHNSON. 'Alas! Sir, what can a
+nation that has not letters tell of its original. I have always
+difficulty to be patient when I hear authours gravely quoted, as giving
+accounts of savage nations, which accounts they had from the savages
+themselves. What can the _M'Craas_[619] tell about themselves a thousand
+years ago? There is no tracing the connection of ancient nations, but by
+language; and therefore I am always sorry when any language is lost,
+because languages are the pedigree of nations[620]. If you find the same
+language in distant countries, you may be sure that the inhabitants of
+each have been the same people; that is to say, if you find the
+languages a good deal the same; for a word here and there being the
+same, will not do. Thus Butler, in his _Hudibras_, remembering that
+_Penguin_, in the Straits of Magellan, signifies a bird with a white
+head, and that the same word has, in Wales, the signification of a
+white-headed wench, (_pen_ head, and _guin_ white,) by way of ridicule,
+concludes that the people of those Straits are Welsh[621].'
+
+A young gentleman of the name of M'Lean, nephew to the Laird of the isle
+of Muck, came this morning; and, just as we sat down to dinner, came the
+Laird of the isle, of Muck himself, his lady, sister to Talisker, two
+other ladies their relations, and a daughter of the late M'Leod of
+Hamer, who wrote a treatise on the second sight, under the designation
+of THEOPHILUS INSULANUS[622]. It was somewhat droll to hear this Laird
+called by his title. _Muck_ would have sounded ill; so he was called
+_Isle of Muck_, which went off with great readiness. The name, as now
+written, is unseemly, but it is not so bad in the original Erse, which
+is _Mouach_, signifying the Sows' Island. Buchanan calls it INSULA
+PORCORUM. It is so called from its form. Some call it Isle of _Monk_.
+The Laird insists that this is the proper name. It was formerly
+church-land belonging to Icolmkill, and a hermit lived in it. It is two
+miles long, and about three quarters of a mile broad. The Laird said, he
+had seven score of souls upon it. Last year he had eighty persons
+inoculated, mostly children, but some of them eighteen years of age. He
+agreed with the surgeon to come and do it, at half a crown a head. It is
+very fertile in corn, of which they export some; and its coasts abound
+in fish. A taylor comes there six times in a year. They get a good
+blacksmith from the isle of Egg.
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 19.
+
+It was rather worse weather than any that we had yet. At breakfast Dr.
+Johnson said, 'Some cunning men choose fools for their wives, thinking
+to manage them, but they always fail. There is a spaniel fool and a mule
+fool. The spaniel fool may be made to do by beating. The mule fool will
+neither do by words or blows; and the spaniel fool often turns mule at
+last: and suppose a fool to be made do pretty well, you must have the
+continual trouble of making her do. Depend upon it, no woman is the
+worse for sense and knowledge.[623]' Whether afterwards he meant merely
+to say a polite thing, or to give his opinion, I could not be sure; but
+he added, 'Men know that women are an over-match for them, and therefore
+they choose the weakest or most ignorant. If they did not think so, they
+never could be afraid of women knowing as much as themselves.'[624] In
+justice to the sex, I think it but candid to acknowledge, that, in a
+subsequent conversation, he told me that he was serious in what he
+had said.
+
+He came to my room this morning before breakfast, to read my Journal,
+which he has done all along. He often before said, 'I take great delight
+in reading it.' To-day he said, 'You improve: it grows better and
+better.' I observed, there was a danger of my getting a habit of writing
+in a slovenly manner. 'Sir,' said he, 'it is not written in a slovenly
+manner. It might be printed, were the subject fit for printing[625].'
+While Mr. Beaton preached to us in the dining-room, Dr. Johnson sat in
+his own room, where I saw lying before him a volume of Lord Bacon's
+works, _The Decay of Christian Piety_, Monboddo's _Origin of Language_,
+and Sterne's _Sermons_[626]. He asked me to-day how it happened that we
+were so little together: I told him, my Journal took up much time. Yet,
+on reflection, it appeared strange to me, that although I will run from
+one end of London to another to pass an hour with him, I should omit to
+seize any spare time to be in his company, when I am settled in the same
+house with him. But my Journal is really a task of much time and labour,
+and he forbids me to contract it.
+
+I omitted to mention, in its place, that Dr. Johnson told Mr. M'Queen
+that he had found the belief of the second sight universal in Sky,
+except among the clergy, who seemed determined against it. I took the
+liberty to observe to Mr. M'Queen, that the clergy were actuated by a
+kind of vanity. 'The world, (say they,) takes us to be credulous men in
+a remote corner. We'll shew them that we are more enlightened than they
+think.' The worthy man said, that his disbelief of it was from his not
+finding sufficient evidence; but I could perceive that he was prejudiced
+against it[627].
+
+After dinner to-day, we talked of the extraordinary fact of Lady
+Grange's being sent to St. Kilda, and confined there for several years,
+without any means of relief[628]. Dr. Johnson said, if M'Leod would let
+it be known that he had such a place for naughty ladies, he might make
+it a very profitable island. We had, in the course of our tour, heard of
+St. Kilda poetry. Dr. Johnson observed, 'it must be very poor, because
+they have very few images.' BOSWELL. 'There may be a poetical genius
+shewn in combining these, and in making poetry of them.' JOHNSON. 'Sir,
+a man cannot make fire but in proportion as he has fuel. He cannot coin
+guineas but in proportion as he has gold.' At tea he talked of his
+intending to go to Italy in 1775. M'Leod said, he would like Paris
+better. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; there are none of the French literati now
+alive, to visit whom I would cross a sea. I can find in Buffon's book
+all that he can say[629].'
+
+After supper he said, 'I am sorry that prize-fighting is gone out[630];
+every art should be preserved, and the art of defence is surely
+important. It is absurd that our soldiers should have swords, and not be
+taught the use of them. Prize-fighting made people accustomed not to be
+alarmed at seeing their own blood, or feeling a little pain from a
+wound. I think the heavy _glaymore_ was an ill-contrived weapon. A man
+could only strike once with it. It employed both his hands, and he must
+of course be soon fatigued with wielding it; so that if his antagonist
+could only keep playing a while, he was sure of him. I would fight with
+a dirk against Rorie More's sword. I could ward off a blow with a dirk,
+and then run in upon my enemy. When within that heavy sword, I have him;
+he is quite helpless, and I could stab him at my leisure, like a calf.
+It is thought by sensible military men, that the English do not enough
+avail themselves of their superior strength of body against the French;
+for that must always have a great advantage in pushing with bayonets. I
+have heard an officer say, that if women could be made to stand, they
+would do as well as men in a mere interchange of bullets from a
+distance: but, if a body of men should come close up to them, then to be
+sure they must be overcome; now, (said he,) in the same manner the
+weaker-bodied French must be overcome by our strong soldiers.'
+
+The subject of duelling was introduced[631] JOHNSON. 'There is no case
+in England where one or other of the combatants _must_ die: if you have
+overcome your adversary by disarming him, that is sufficient, though you
+should not kill him; your honour, or the honour of your family, is
+restored, as much as it can be by a duel. It is cowardly to force your
+antagonist to renew the combat, when you know that you have the
+advantage of him by superior skill. You might just as well go and cut
+his throat while he is asleep in his bed. When a duel begins, it is
+supposed there may be an equality; because it is not always skill that
+prevails. It depends much on presence of mind; nay on accidents. The
+wind may be in a man's face. He may fall. Many such things may decide
+the superiority. A man is sufficiently punished, by being called out,
+and subjected to the risk that is in a duel.' But on my suggesting that
+the injured person is equally subjected to risk, he fairly owned he
+could not explain the rationality of duelling.
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 20.
+
+When I awaked, the storm was higher still. It abated about nine, and the
+sun shone; but it rained again very soon, and it was not a day for
+travelling. At breakfast, Dr. Johnson told us, 'there was once a pretty
+good tavern in Catherine-street in the Strand, where very good company
+met in an evening, and each man called for his own half-pint of wine, or
+gill, if he pleased; they were frugal men, and nobody paid but for what
+he himself drank. The house furnished no supper; but a woman attended
+with mutton-pies, which any body might purchase. I was introduced to
+this company by Cumming the Quaker[632], and used to go there sometimes
+when I drank wine. In the last age, when my mother lived in London,
+there were two sets of people, those who gave the wall, and those who
+took it; the peaceable and the quarrelsome. When I returned to
+Lichfield, after having been in London, my mother asked me whether I was
+one of those who gave the wall, or those who took it. Now, it is fixed
+that every man keeps to the right; or, if one is taking the wall,
+another yields it, and it is never a dispute[633].' He was very severe
+on a lady, whose name was mentioned. He said, he would have sent her to
+St. Kilda. That she was as bad as negative badness could be, and stood
+in the way of what was good: that insipid beauty would not go a great
+way; and that such a woman might be cut out of a cabbage, if there was a
+skilful artificer.
+
+M'Leod was too late in coming to breakfast. Dr. Johnson said, laziness
+was worse than the tooth-ach. BOSWELL. 'I cannot agree with you, Sir; a
+bason of cold water or a horse whip will cure laziness.' JOHNSON. 'No,
+Sir, it will only put off the fit; it will not cure the disease. I have
+been trying to cure my laziness all my life, and could not do it.'
+BOSWELL. 'But if a man does in a shorter time what might be the labour
+of a life, there is nothing to be said against him.' JOHNSON (perceiving
+at once that I alluded to him and his _Dictionary_). 'Suppose that
+flattery to be true, the consequence would be, that the world would have
+no right to censure a man; but that will not justify him to
+himself[634].'
+
+After breakfast, he said to me, 'A Highland Chief should now endeavour
+to do every thing to raise his rents, by means of the industry of his
+people. Formerly, it was right for him to have his house full of idle
+fellows; they were his defenders, his servants, his dependants, his
+friends. Now they may be better employed. The system of things is now so
+much altered, that the family cannot have influence but by riches,
+because it has no longer the power of ancient feudal times. An
+individual of a family may have it; but it cannot now belong to a
+family, unless you could have a perpetuity of men with the same views.
+M'Leod has four times the land that the Duke of Bedford has. I think,
+with his spirit, he may in time make himself the greatest man in the
+King's dominions; for land may always be improved to a certain degree. I
+would never have any man sell land, to throw money into the funds, as is
+often done, or to try any other species of trade. Depend upon it, this
+rage of trade will destroy itself. You and I shall not see it; but the
+time will come when there will be an end of it. Trade is like gaming. If
+a whole company are gamesters, play must cease; for there is nothing to
+be won. When all nations are traders, there is nothing to be gained by
+trade[635], and it will stop first where it is brought to the greatest
+perfection. Then the proprietors of land only will be the great men.' I
+observed, it was hard that M'Leod should find ingratitude in so many of
+his people. JOHNSON. 'Sir, gratitude is a fruit of great cultivation;
+you do not find it among gross people.' I doubt of this. Nature seems to
+have implanted gratitude in all living creatures[636]. The lion,
+mentioned by Aulus Gellius, had it[637]. It appears to me that culture,
+which brings luxury and selfishness with it, has a tendency rather to
+weaken than promote this affection.
+
+Dr. Johnson said this morning, when talking of our setting out, that he
+was in the state in which Lord Bacon represents kings. He desired the
+end, but did not like the means[638]. He wished much to get home, but
+was unwilling to travel in Sky. 'You are like kings too in this, Sir,
+(said I,) that you must act under the direction of others.'
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 21.
+
+The uncertainty of our present situation having prevented me from
+receiving any letters from home for some time, I could not help being
+uneasy. Dr. Johnson had an advantage over me, in this respect, he having
+no wife or child to occasion anxious apprehensions in his mind[639]. It
+was a good morning; so we resolved to set out. But, before quitting this
+castle, where we have been so well entertained, let me give a short
+description of it.
+
+Along the edge of the rock, there are the remains of a wall, which is
+now covered with ivy. A square court is formed by buildings of different
+ages, particularly some towers, said to be of great antiquity; and at
+one place there is a row of false cannon of stone[640]. There is a very
+large unfinished pile, four stories high, which we were told was here
+when _Leod_, the first of this family, came from the Isle of Man,
+married the heiress of the M'Crails, the ancient possessors of Dunvegan,
+and afterwards acquired by conquest as much land as he had got by
+marriage. He surpassed the house of Austria; for he was _felix_ both
+_bella gerere_ et _nubere_[641]. John _Breck_ M'Leod, the grandfather of
+the late laird, began to repair the castle, or rather to complete it:
+but he did not live to finish his undertaking[642]. Not doubting,
+however, that he should do it, he, like those who have had their
+epitaphs written before they died, ordered the following inscription,
+composed by the minister of the parish, to be cut upon a broad stone
+above one of the lower windows, where it still remains to celebrate what
+was not done, and to serve as a memento of the uncertainty of life, and
+the presumption of man:--
+
+'Joannes Macleod Beganoduni Dominus gentis suae Philarchus[643],
+Durinesiae Haraiae Vaternesiae, &c.: Baro D. Florae Macdonald
+matrimoniali vinculo conjugatus turrem hanc Beganodunensem proavorum
+habitaculum longe vetustissimum diu penitus labefectatam Anno aerae
+vulgaris MDCLXXXVI. instauravit.
+
+     'Quem stabilire juvat proavorum tecta vetusta,
+      Omne scelus fugiat, justitiamque colat.
+      Vertit in aerias turres magalia virtus,
+      Inque casas humiles tecta superba nefas.'
+
+M'Leod and Talisker accompanied us. We passed by the parish church of
+_Durinish_. The church-yard is not inclosed, but a pretty murmuring
+brook runs along one side of it. In it is a pyramid erected to the
+memory of Thomas Lord Lovat, by his son Lord Simon, who suffered on
+Tower-hill[644]. It is of free-stone, and, I suppose, about thirty feet
+high. There is an inscription on a piece of white marble inserted in it,
+which I suspect to have been the composition of Lord Lovat himself,
+being much in his pompous style:--
+
+'This pyramid was erected by SIMON LORD FRASER of LOVAT, in honour of
+Lord THOMAS his Father, a Peer of Scotland, and Chief of the great and
+ancient Clan of the FRASERS. Being attacked for his birthright by the
+family of ATHOLL, then in power and favour with KING WILLIAM, yet, by
+the valour and fidelity of his clan, and the assistance of the
+CAMPBELLS, the old friends and allies of his family, he defended his
+birthright with such greatness and fermety of soul, and such valour and
+activity, that he was an honour to his name, and a good pattern to all
+brave Chiefs of clans. He died in the month of May, 1699, in the 63rd
+year of his age, in Dunvegan, the house of the LAIRD of MAC LEOD, whose
+sister he had married: by whom he had the above SIMON LORD FRASER, and
+several other children. And, for the great love he bore to the family of
+MAC LEOD, he desired to be buried near his wife's relations, in the
+place where two of her uncles lay. And his son LORD SIMON, to shew to
+posterity his great affection for his mother's kindred, the brave MAC
+LEODS, chooses rather to leave his father's bones with them, than carry
+them to his own burial-place, near Lovat.'
+
+I have preserved this inscription[645], though of no great value,
+thinking it characteristical of a man who has made some noise in the
+world. Dr. Johnson said, it was poor stuff, such as Lord Lovat's butler
+might have written.
+
+I observed, in this church-yard, a parcel of people assembled at a
+funeral, before the grave was dug. The coffin, with the corpse in it,
+was placed on the ground, while the people alternately assisted in
+making a grave. One man, at a little distance, was busy cutting a long
+turf for it, with the crooked spade which is used in Sky; a very aukward
+instrument. The iron part of it is like a plough-coulter. It has a rude
+tree for a handle, in which a wooden pin is placed for the foot to press
+upon. A traveller might, without further enquiry, have set this down as
+the mode of burying in Sky. I was told, however, that the usual way is
+to have a grave previously dug.
+
+I observed to-day, that the common way of carrying home their grain here
+is in loads on horseback. They have also a few sleds, or _cars_, as we
+call them in Ayrshire, clumsily made, and rarely used[646].
+
+We got to Ulinish about six o'clock, and found a very good farm-house,
+of two stories. Mr. M'Leod of Ulinish, the sheriff-substitute of the
+island, was a plain honest gentleman, a good deal like an English
+Justice of peace; not much given to talk, but sufficiently sagacious,
+and somewhat droll. His daughter, though she was never out of Sky, was a
+very well-bred woman. Our reverend friend, Mr. Donald M'Queen, kept his
+appointment, and met us here.
+
+Talking of Phipps's voyage to the North Pole, Dr. Johnson observed, that
+it 'was conjectured that our former navigators have kept too near land,
+and so have found the sea frozen far north, because the land hinders the
+free motion of the tide; but, in the wide ocean, where the waves tumble
+at their full convenience, it is imagined that the frost does not take
+effect.'[647]
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 22.
+
+In the morning I walked out, and saw a ship, the Margaret of Clyde, pass
+by with a number of emigrants on board. It was a melancholy sight. After
+breakfast, we went to see what was called a subterraneous house, about a
+mile off. It was upon the side of a rising ground. It was discovered by
+a fox's having taken up his abode in it, and in chasing him, they dug
+into it. It was very narrow and low, and seemed about forty feet in
+length. Near it, we found the foundations of several small huts, built
+of stone. Mr. M'Queen, who is always for making every thing as ancient
+as possible, boasted that it was the dwelling of some of the first
+inhabitants of the island, and observed, what a curiosity it was to find
+here a specimen of the houses of the _Aborigines_, which he believed
+could be found no where else; and it was plain that they lived without
+fire. Dr. Johnson remarked, that they who made this were not in the
+rudest state; for that it was more difficult to make _it_ than to build
+a house; therefore certainly those who made it were in possession of
+houses, and had this only as a hiding-place. It appeared to me, that the
+vestiges of houses, just by it, confirmed Dr. Johnson's opinion.
+
+From an old tower, near this place, is an extensive view of
+Loch-Braccadil, and, at a distance, of the isles of Barra and South
+Uist; and on the land-side, the _Cuillin_, a prodigious range of
+mountains, capped with rocky pinnacles in a strange variety of shapes.
+They resemble the mountains near Corté in Corsica, of which there is a
+very good print. They make part of a great range for deer, which, though
+entirely devoid of trees, is in these countries called a _forest_.
+
+In the afternoon, Ulinish carried us in his boat to an island possessed
+by him, where we saw an immense cave, much more deserving the title of
+_antrum immane_[648] than that of the Sybil described by Virgil, which I
+likewise have visited. It is one hundred and eighty feet long, about
+thirty feet broad, and at least thirty feet high. This cave, we were
+told, had a remarkable echo; but we found none[649]. They said it was
+owing to the great rains having made it damp. Such are the excuses by
+which the exaggeration of Highland narratives is palliated. There is a
+plentiful garden at Ulinish, (a great rarity in Sky,) and several trees;
+and near the house is a hill, which has an Erse name, signifying, _'the
+hill of strife'_, where, Mr. M'Queen informed us, justice was of old
+administered. It is like the _mons placiti_ of Scone, or those hills
+which are called _laws_[650], such as Kelly _law_, North Berwick _law_,
+and several others. It is singular that this spot should happen now to
+be the sheriff's residence.
+
+We had a very cheerful evening, and Dr. Johnson talked a good deal on
+the subject of literature. Speaking of the noble family of Boyle, he
+said, that all the Lord Orrerys, till the present, had been writers.
+The first wrote several plays[651]; the second[652] was Bentley's
+antagonist; the third[653] wrote the _Life of Swift_, and several other
+things; his son Hamilton wrote some papers in the _Adventurer_ and
+_World_. He told us, he was well acquainted with Swift's Lord Orrery. He
+said, he was a feebleminded man; that, on the publication of Dr.
+Delany's _Remarks_ on his book, he was so much alarmed that he was
+afraid to read them. Dr. Johnson comforted him, by telling him they were
+both in the right; that Delany had seen most of the good side of
+Swift,--Lord Orrery most of the bad. M'Leod asked, if it was not wrong
+in Orrery to expose the defects of a man with whom he lived in intimacy.
+JOHNSON. 'Why no, Sir, after the man is dead; for then it is done
+historically[654].' He added, 'If Lord Orrery had been rich, he would
+have been a very liberal patron. His conversation was like his writings,
+neat and elegant, but without strength. He grasped at more than his
+abilities could reach; tried to pass for a better talker, a better
+writer, and a better thinker than he was[655]. There was a quarrel
+between him and his father, in which his father was to blame; because it
+arose from the son's not allowing his wife to keep company with his
+father's mistress. The old lord shewed his resentment in his
+will[656],--leaving his library from his son, and assigning, as his
+reason, that he could not make use of it.'
+
+I mentioned the affectation of Orrery, in ending all his letters on the
+_Life of Swift_ in studied varieties of phrase[657], and never in the
+common mode of _'I am'_, &c., an observation which I remember to have
+been made several years ago by old Mr. Sheridan. This species of
+affectation in writing, as a foreign lady of distinguished talents once
+remarked to me, is almost peculiar to the English. I took up a volume of
+Dryden, containing the CONQUEST of GRANADA, and several other plays, of
+which all the dedications had such studied conclusions. Dr. Johnson
+said, such conclusions were more elegant, and in addressing persons of
+high rank, (as when Dryden dedicated to the Duke of York[658],) they
+were likewise more respectful. I agreed that _there_ it was much better:
+it was making his escape from the Royal presence with a genteel sudden
+timidity, in place of having the resolution to stand still, and make a
+formal bow.
+
+Lord Orrery's unkind treatment of his son in his will, led us to talk of
+the dispositions a man should have when dying. I said, I did not see why
+a man should act differently with respect to those of whom he thought
+ill when in health, merely because he was dying. JOHNSON. 'I should not
+scruple to speak against a party, when dying; but should not do it
+against an individual. It is told of Sixtus Quintus, that on his
+death-bed, in the intervals of his last pangs, he signed
+death-warrants[659].' Mr. M'Queen said, he should not do so; he would
+have more tenderness of heart. JOHNSON. 'I believe I should not either;
+but Mr. M'Queen and I are cowards[660]. It would not be from tenderness
+of heart; for the heart is as tender when a man is in health as when he
+is sick, though his resolution may be stronger[661]. Sixtus Quintus was
+a sovereign as well as a priest; and, if the criminals deserved death,
+he was doing his duty to the last. You would not think a judge died ill,
+who should be carried off by an apoplectick fit while pronouncing
+sentence of death. Consider a class of men whose business it is to
+distribute death:--soldiers, who die scattering bullets. Nobody thinks
+they die ill on that account.'
+
+Talking of Biography, he said, he did not think that the life of any
+literary man in England had been well written[662]. Beside the common
+incidents of life, it should tell us his studies, his mode of living,
+the means by which he attained to excellence, and his opinion of his own
+works. He told us, he had sent Derrick to Dryden's relations, to gather
+materials for his Life[663]; and he believed Derrick[664] had got all
+that he himself should have got; but it was nothing. He added, he had a
+kindness for Derrick, and was sorry he was dead.
+
+His notion as to the poems published by Mr. M'Pherson, as the works of
+Ossian, was not shaken here. Mr. M'Queen always evaded the point of
+authenticity, saying only that Mr. M'Pherson's pieces fell far short of
+those he knew in Erse, which were said to be Ossian's. JOHNSON. 'I hope
+they do. I am not disputing that you may have poetry of great merit; but
+that M'Pherson's is not a translation from ancient poetry. You do not
+believe it. I say before you, you do not believe it, though you are very
+willing that the world should believe it.' Mr. M'Queen made no answer
+to this[665]. Dr. Johnson proceeded. 'I look upon M'Pherson's _Fingal_
+to be as gross an imposition as ever the world was troubled with. Had it
+been really an ancient work, a true specimen how men thought at that
+time, it would have been a curiosity of the first rate. As a modern
+production, it is nothing.' He said, he could never get the meaning of
+an _Erse_ song explained to him[666]. They told him, the chorus was
+generally unmeaning. 'I take it, (said he,) Erse songs are like a song
+which I remember: it was composed in Queen Elizabeth's time, on the Earl
+of Essex: and the burthen was
+
+     "Radaratoo, radarate, radara tadara tandore."'
+
+'But surely,' said Mr. M'Queen, 'there were words to it, which had
+meaning.' JOHNSON. 'Why, yes, Sir; I recollect a stanza, and you shall
+have it:--
+
+     "O! then bespoke the prentices all,
+      Living in London, both proper and tall,
+      For Essex's sake they would fight all.
+        Radaratoo, radarate, radara, tadara, tandore[667]."'
+
+When Mr. M'Queen began again to expatiate on the beauty of Ossian's
+poetry, Dr. Johnson entered into no farther controversy, but, with a
+pleasant smile, only cried, 'Ay, ay; _Radaratoo radarate'_.
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 23.
+
+I took _Fingal_ down to the parlour in the morning, and tried a test
+proposed by Mr. Roderick M'Leod, son to Ulinish. Mr. M'Queen had said he
+had some of the poem in the original. I desired him to mention any
+passage in the printed book, of which he could repeat the original. He
+pointed out one in page 50 of the quarto edition, and read the Erse,
+while Mr. Roderick M'Leod and I looked on the English;--and Mr. M'Leod
+said, that it was pretty like what Mr. M'Queen had recited. But when Mr.
+M'Queen read a description of Cuchullin's sword in Erse, together with a
+translation of it in English verse, by Sir James Foulis, Mr. M'Leod
+said, that was much more like than Mr. M'Pherson's translation of the
+former passage. Mr. M'Queen then repeated in Erse a description of one
+of the horses in Cuchillin's car. Mr. M'Leod said, Mr. M'Pherson's
+English was nothing like it.
+
+When Dr. Johnson came down, I told him that I had now obtained some
+evidence concerning _Fingal_; for that Mr. M'Queen had repeated a
+passage in the original Erse, which Mr. M'Pherson's translation was
+pretty like; and reminded him that he himself had once said, he did not
+require Mr. M'Pherson's _Ossian_ to be more like the original than
+Pope's _Homer_. JOHNSON. 'Well, Sir, this is just what I always
+maintained. He has found names, and stories, and phrases, nay, passages
+in old songs, and with them has blended his own compositions, and so
+made what he gives to the world as the translation of an ancient poem.'
+If this was the case, I observed, it was wrong to publish it as a poem
+in six books. JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; and to ascribe it to a time too when
+the Highlanders knew nothing of _books_, and nothing of _six_;--or
+perhaps were got the length of counting six. We have been told, by
+Condamine, of a nation that could count no more than four[668]. This
+should be told to Monboddo; it would help him. There is as much charity
+in helping a man down-hill, as in helping him up-hill.' BOSWELL. 'I
+don't think there is as much charity.' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir, if his
+_tendency_ be downwards. Till he is at the bottom he flounders; get him
+once there, and he is quiet. Swift tells, that Stella had a trick, which
+she learned from Addison, of encouraging a man in absurdity, instead of
+endeavouring to extricate him[669].'
+
+Mr. M'Queen's answers to the inquiries concerning _Ossian_ were so
+unsatisfactory, that I could not help observing, that, were he examined
+in a court of justice, he would find himself under a necessity of being
+more explicit. JOHNSON. 'Sir, he has told Blair a little too much, which
+is published[670]; and he sticks to it. He is so much at the head of
+things here, that he has never been accustomed to be closely examined;
+and so he goes on quite smoothly.' BOSWELL. 'He has never had any body
+to work[671] him.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; and a man is seldom disposed to
+work himself; though he ought to work himself, to be sure.' Mr. M'Queen
+made no reply[672].
+
+Having talked of the strictness with which witnesses are examined in
+courts of justice, Dr. Johnson told us, that Garrick, though accustomed
+to face multitudes, when produced as a witness in Westminster-hall, was
+so disconcerted by a new mode of public appearance, that he could not
+understand what was asked[673]. It was a cause where an actor claimed a
+_free benefit_; that is to say, a benefit without paying the expence of
+the house; but the meaning of the term was disputed. Garrick was asked,
+'Sir, have you a free benefit?' 'Yes.' 'Upon what terms have you it?'
+'Upon-the terms-of-a free benefit.' He was dismissed as one from whom no
+information could be obtained. Dr. Johnson is often too hard on our
+friend Mr. Garrick. When I asked him why he did not mention him in the
+Preface to his _Shakspeare_[674] he said, 'Garrick has been liberally
+paid for any thing he has done for Shakspeare. If I should praise him, I
+should much more praise the nation who paid him. He has not made
+Shakspeare better known[675]; he cannot illustrate Shakspeare; so I have
+reasons enough against mentioning him, were reasons necessary. There
+should be reasons _for_ it.' I spoke of Mrs. Montague's very high
+praises of Garrick[676]. JOHNSON. 'Sir, it is fit she should say so
+much, and I should say nothing. Reynolds is fond of her book, and I
+wonder at it; for neither I, nor Beauclerk, nor Mrs. Thrale, could get
+through it[677].'  Last night Dr. Johnson gave us an account of the
+whole process of tanning and of the nature of milk, and the various
+operations upon it, as making whey, &c. His variety of information is
+surprizing[678]; and it gives one much satisfaction to find such a man
+bestowing his attention on the useful arts of life. Ulinish was much
+struck with his knowledge; and said, 'He is a great orator, Sir; it is
+musick to hear this man speak.' A strange thought struck me, to try if
+he knew any thing of an art, or whatever it should be called, which is
+no doubt very useful in life, but which lies far out of the way of a
+philosopher and a poet; I mean the trade of a butcher. I enticed him
+into the subject, by connecting it with the various researches into the
+manners and customs of uncivilized nations, that have been made by our
+late navigators into the South Seas. I began with observing, that Mr.
+(now Sir Joseph) Banks tells us, that the art of slaughtering animals
+was not known in Otaheité, for, instead of bleeding to death their
+dogs, (a common food with them,) they strangle them. This he told me
+himself; and I supposed that their hogs were killed in the same way. Dr.
+Johnson said, 'This must be owing to their not having knives,--though
+they have sharp stones with which they can cut a carcase in pieces
+tolerably.' By degrees, he shewed that he knew something even of
+butchery. 'Different animals (said he) are killed differently. An ox is
+knocked down, and a calf stunned; but a sheep has its throat cut,
+without any thing being done to stupify it. The butchers have no view to
+the ease of the animals, but only to make them quiet, for their own
+safety and convenience. A sheep can give them little trouble. Hales[679]
+is of opinion, that every animal should be blooded, without having any
+blow given to it, because it bleeds better.' BOSWELL. 'That would be
+cruel.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; there is not much pain, if the jugular vein
+be properly cut.' Pursuing the subject, he said, the kennels of
+Southwark ran with blood two or three days in the week; that he was
+afraid there were slaughter-houses in more streets in London than one
+supposes; (speaking with a kind of horrour of butchering;) and, yet he
+added, 'any of us would kill a cow rather than not have beef.' I said we
+_could_ not. 'Yes, (said he,) any one may. The business of a butcher is
+a trade indeed, that is to say, there is an apprenticeship served to it;
+but it may be learnt in a month[680].'
+
+I mentioned a club in London at the Boar's Head in Eastcheap, the very
+tavern[681] where Falstaff and his joyous companions met; the members of
+which all assume Shakspeare's characters. One is Falstaff, another
+Prince Henry, another Bardolph, and so on. JOHNSON. 'Don't be of it,
+Sir. Now that you have a name, you must be careful to avoid many things,
+not bad in themselves, but which will lessen your character[682]. This
+every man who has a name must observe. A man who is not publickly known
+may live in London as he pleases, without any notice being taken of him;
+but it is wonderful how a person of any consequence is watched. There
+was a member of parliament, who wanted to prepare himself to speak on a
+question that was to come on in the House; and he and I were to talk it
+over together. He did not wish it should be known that he talked with
+me; so he would not let me come to his house, but came to mine. Some
+time after he had made his speech in the house, Mrs. Cholmondeley[683],
+a very airy[684] lady, told me, 'Well, you could make nothing of him!'
+naming the gentleman; which was a proof that he was watched. I had once
+some business to do for government, and I went to Lord North's.
+Precaution was taken that it should not be known. It was dark before I
+went; yet a few days after I was told, 'Well, you have been with Lord
+North.' That the door of the prime minister should be watched is not
+strange; but that a member of parliament should be watched, or that my
+door should be watched, is wonderful.'
+
+We set out this morning on our way to Talisker, in Ulinish's boat,
+having taken leave of him and his family. Mr. Donald M'Queen still
+favoured us with his company, for which we were much obliged to him. As
+we sailed along Dr. Johnson got into one of his fits of railing at the
+Scots. He owned that they had been a very learned nation for a hundred
+years, from about 1550 to about 1650; but that they afforded the only
+instance of a people among whom the arts of civil life did not advance
+in proportion with learning; that they had hardly any trade, any money,
+or any elegance, before the Union; that it was strange that, with all
+the advantages possessed by other nations, they had not any of those
+conveniencies and embellishments which are the fruit of industry, till
+they came in contact with a civilized people. 'We have taught you, (said
+he,) and we'll do the same in time to all barbarous nations,--to the
+Cherokees,--and at last to the Ouran-Outangs;' laughing with as much
+glee as if Monboddo had been present. BOSWELL. 'We had wine before the
+Union.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; you had some weak stuff, the refuse of
+France, which would not make you drunk.' BOSWELL. 'I assure you, Sir,
+there was a great deal of drunkenness.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; there were
+people who died of dropsies, which they contracted in trying to get
+drunk[685].'
+
+I must here glean some of his conversation at Ulinish, which I have
+omitted. He repeated his remark, that a man in a ship was worse than a
+man in a jail[686]. 'The man in a jail, (said he,) has more room, better
+food, and commonly better company, and is in safety.' 'Ay; but, (said
+Mr. M'Queen,) the man in the ship has the pleasing hope of getting to
+shore.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, I am not talking of a man's getting to shore; but
+of a man while he is in a ship: and then, I say, he is worse than a man
+while he is in a jail. A man in a jail _may_ have the _"pleasing hope"_
+of getting out. A man confined for only a limited time, actually _has_
+it.' M'Leod mentioned his schemes for carrying on fisheries with spirit,
+and that he would wish to understand the construction of boats. I
+suggested that he might go to a dock-yard and work, as Peter the Great
+did. JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir, he need not work. Peter the Great had not the
+sense to see that the mere mechanical work may be done by any body, and
+that there is the same art in constructing a vessel, whether the boards
+are well or ill wrought. Sir Christopher Wren might as well have served
+his time to a bricklayer, and first, indeed, to a brick-maker.'
+
+There is a beautiful little island in the Loch of Dunvegan, called
+_Isa_. M'Leod said, he would give it to Dr. Johnson, on condition of his
+residing on it three months in the year; nay one month. Dr. Johnson was
+highly amused with the fancy. I have seen him please himself with little
+things, even with mere ideas like the present. He talked a great deal of
+this island;--how he would build a house there,--how he would fortify
+it,--how he would have cannon,--how he would plant,--how he would sally
+out, and _take_ the isle of Muck;--and then he laughed with uncommon
+glee, and could hardly leave off. I have seen him do so at a small
+matter that struck him, and was a sport to no one else[687]. Mr. Langton
+told me, that one night he did so while the company were all grave about
+him:--only Garrick, in his significant smart manner, darting his eyes
+around, exclaimed, '_Very_ jocose, to be sure!' M'Leod encouraged the
+fancy of Doctor Johnson's becoming owner of an island; told him, that it
+was the practice in this country to name every man by his lands; and
+begged leave to drink to him in that mode: '_Island Isa_, your health!'
+Ulinish, Talisker, Mr. M'Queen, and I, all joined in our different
+manners, while Dr. Johnson bowed to each, with much good humour.
+
+We had good weather, and a fine sail this day. The shore was varied with
+hills, and rocks, and corn-fields, and bushes, which are here dignified
+with the name of natural _wood_. We landed near the house of Ferneley, a
+farm possessed by another gentleman of the name of M'Leod, who,
+expecting our arrival, was waiting on the shore, with a horse for Dr.
+Johnson. The rest of us walked. At dinner, I expressed to M'Leod the joy
+which I had in seeing him on such cordial terms with his clan.
+'Government (said he) has deprived us of our ancient power; but it
+cannot deprive us of our domestick satisfactions. I would rather drink
+punch in one of their houses, (meaning the houses of his people,) than
+be enabled by their hardships to have claret in my own.[688]' This
+should be the sentiment of every Chieftain. All that he can get by
+raising his rents, is more luxury in his own house. Is it not better to
+share the profits of his estate, to a certain degree, with his kinsmen,
+and thus have both social intercourse and patriarchal influence?
+
+We had a very good ride, for about three miles, to Talisker, where
+Colonel M'Leod introduced us to his lady. We found here Mr. Donald
+M'Lean, the young Laird of _Col_, (nephew to Talisker,) to whom I
+delivered the letter with which I had been favoured by his uncle,
+Professor M'Leod, at Aberdeen[689]. He was a little lively young man. We
+found he had been a good deal in England, studying farming, and was
+resolved to improve the value of his father's lands, without oppressing
+his tenants, or losing the ancient Highland fashions.
+
+Talisker is a better place than one commonly finds in Sky. It is
+situated in a rich bottom. Before it is a wide expanse of sea, on each
+hand of which are immense rocks; and, at some distance in the sea, there
+are three columnal rocks rising to sharp points. The billows break with
+prodigious force and noise on the coast of Talisker[690]. There are here
+a good many well-grown trees. Talisker is an extensive farm. The
+possessor of it has, for several generations, been the next heir to
+M'Leod, as there has been but one son always in that family. The court
+before the house is most injudiciously paved with the round blueish-grey
+pebbles which are found upon the sea-shore; so that you walk as if upon
+cannon-balls driven into the ground.
+
+After supper, I talked of the assiduity of the Scottish clergy, in
+visiting and privately instructing their parishioners, and observed how
+much in this they excelled the English clergy. Dr. Johnson would not let
+this pass. He tried to turn it off, by saying, 'There are different ways
+of instructing. Our clergy pray and preach.' M'Leod and I pressed the
+subject, upon which he grew warm, and broke forth: 'I do not believe
+your people are better instructed. If they are, it is the blind leading
+the blind; for your clergy are not instructed themselves.' Thinking he
+had gone a little too far, he checked himself, and added, 'When I talk
+of the ignorance of your clergy, I talk of them as a body: I do not mean
+that there are not individuals who are learned (looking at Mr.
+M'Queen[691]). I suppose there are such among the clergy in Muscovy. The
+clergy of England have produced the most valuable books in support of
+religion, both in theory and practice. What have your clergy done, since
+you sunk into presbyterianism? Can you name one book of any value, on a
+religious subject, written by them[692]?' We were silent. 'I'll help
+you. Forbes wrote very well; but I believe he wrote before episcopacy
+was quite extinguished.' And then pausing a little, he said, 'Yes, you
+have Wishart AGAINST Repentance[693].' BOSWELL. 'But, Sir, we are not
+contending for the superior learning of our clergy, but for their
+superior assiduity.' He bore us down again, with thundering against
+their ignorance, and said to me, 'I see you have not been well taught;
+for you have not charity.' He had been in some measure forced into this
+warmth, by the exulting air which I assumed; for, when he began, he
+said, 'Since you _will_ drive the nail!' He again thought of good Mr.
+M'Queen, and, taking him by the hand, said, 'Sir, I did not mean any
+disrespect to you[694].'
+
+Here I must observe, that he conquered by deserting his ground, and not
+meeting the argument as I had put it. The assiduity of the Scottish
+clergy is certainly greater than that of the English. His taking up the
+topick of their not having so much learning, was, though ingenious, yet
+a fallacy in logick. It was as if there should be a dispute whether a
+man's hair is well dressed, and Dr. Johnson should say, 'Sir, his hair
+cannot be well dressed; for he has a dirty shirt. No man who has not
+clean linen has his hair well dressed.' When some days afterwards he
+read this passage, he said, 'No, Sir; I did not say that a man's hair
+could not be well dressed because he has not clean linen, but because
+he is bald.'
+
+He used one argument against the Scottish clergy being learned, which I
+doubt was not good. 'As we believe a man dead till we know that he is
+alive; so we believe men ignorant till we know that they are learned.'
+Now our maxim in law is, to presume a man alive, till we know he is
+dead. However, indeed, it may be answered, that we must first know he
+has lived; and that we have never known the learning of the Scottish
+clergy. Mr. M'Queen, though he was of opinion that Dr. Johnson had
+deserted the point really in dispute, was much pleased with what he
+said, and owned to me, he thought it very just; and Mrs. M'Leod was so
+much captivated by his eloquence, that she told me 'I was a good
+advocate for a bad cause.'
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 24.
+
+This was a good day. Dr. Johnson told us, at breakfast, that he rode
+harder at a fox chace than any body[695]. 'The English (said he) are the
+only nation who ride hard a-hunting. A Frenchman goes out, upon a
+managed[696] horse, and capers in the field, and no more thinks of
+leaping a hedge than of mounting a breach. Lord Powerscourt laid a
+wager, in France, that he would ride a great many miles in a certain
+short time. The French academicians set to work, and calculated that,
+from the resistance of the air, it was impossible. His lordship however
+performed it.'
+
+Our money being nearly exhausted, we sent a bill for thirty pounds,
+drawn on Sir William Forbes and Co.[697], to Lochbraccadale, but our
+messenger found it very difficult to procure cash for it; at length,
+however, he got us value from the master of a vessel which was to carry
+away some emigrants. There is a great scarcity of specie in Sky[698].
+Mr. M'Queen said he had the utmost difficulty to pay his servants'
+wages, or to pay for any little thing which he has to buy. The rents are
+paid in bills[699], which the drovers give. The people consume a vast
+deal of snuff and tobacco, for which they must pay ready money; and
+pedlars, who come about selling goods, as there is not a shop in the
+island, carry away the cash. If there were encouragement given to
+fisheries and manufactures, there might be a circulation of money
+introduced. I got one-and-twenty shillings in silver at Portree, which
+was thought a wonderful store.
+
+Talisker, Mr. M'Queen, and I, walked out, and looked at no less than
+fifteen different waterfalls near the house, in the space of about a
+quarter of a mile[700]. We also saw Cuchillin's well, said to have been
+the favourite spring of that ancient hero. I drank of it. The water is
+admirable. On the shore are many stones full of crystallizations in
+the heart.
+
+Though our obliging friend, Mr. M'Lean, was but the young laird, he had
+the title of _Col_ constantly given him. After dinner he and I walked to
+the top of Prieshwell, a very high rocky hill, from whence there is a
+view of Barra,--the Long Island,--Bernera,--the Loch of Dunvegan,--part
+of Rum--part of Rasay, and a vast deal of the isle of Sky. Col, though
+he had come into Sky with an intention to be at Dunvegan, and pass a
+considerable time in the island, most politely resolved first to
+conduct us to Mull, and then to return to Sky. This was a very fortunate
+circumstance; for he planned an expedition for us of more variety than
+merely going to Mull. He proposed we should see the islands of _Egg,
+Muck, Col,_ and _Tyr-yi_. In all these islands he could shew us every
+thing worth seeing; and in Mull he said he should be as if at home, his
+father having lands there, and he a farm.
+
+Dr. Johnson did not talk much to-day, but seemed intent in listening to
+the schemes of future excursion, planned by Col. Dr. Birch[701],
+however, being mentioned, he said, he had more anecdotes than any man. I
+said, Percy had a great many; that he flowed with them like one of the
+brooks here. JOHNSON. 'If Percy is like one of the brooks here, Birch
+was like the river Thames. Birch excelled Percy in that, as much as
+Percy excels Goldsmith.' I mentioned Lord Hailes as a man of anecdote.
+He was not pleased with him, for publishing only such memorials and
+letters as were unfavourable for the Stuart family[702]. 'If, (said he,)
+a man fairly warns you, "I am to give all the ill; do you find the
+good;" he may: but if the object which he professes be to give a view of
+a reign, let him tell all the truth. I would tell truth of the two
+Georges, or of that scoundrel, King William[703]. Granger's
+_Biographical History_[704] is full of curious anecdote, but might have
+been better done. The dog is a Whig. I do not like much to see a Whig in
+any dress; but I hate to see a Whig in a parson's gown[705].'
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 25.
+
+It was resolved that we should set out, in order to return to Slate, to
+be in readiness to take boat whenever there should be a fair wind. Dr.
+Johnson remained in his chamber writing a letter, and it was long before
+we could get him into motion. He did not come to breakfast, but had it
+sent to him. When he had finished his letter, it was twelve o'clock, and
+we should have set out at ten. When I went up to him, he said to me, 'Do
+you remember a song which begins,
+
+     "Every island is a prison[706]
+      Strongly guarded by the sea;
+      Kings and princes, for that reason,
+      Prisoners are, as well as we?"'
+
+I suppose he had been thinking of our confined situation[707]. He would
+fain have gone in a boat from hence, instead of riding back to Slate. A
+scheme for it was proposed. He said, 'We'll not be driven tamely from
+it:'-but it proved impracticable.
+
+We took leave of M'Leod and Talisker, from whom we parted with regret.
+Talisker, having been bred to physick, had a tincture of scholarship in
+his conversation, which pleased Dr. Johnson, and he had some very good
+books; and being a colonel in the Dutch service, he and his lady, in
+consequence of having lived abroad, had introduced the ease and
+politeness of the continent into this rude region.
+
+Young Col was now our leader. Mr. M'Queen was to accompany us half a day
+more. We stopped at a little hut, where we saw an old woman grinding
+with the _quern_, the ancient Highland instrument, which it is said was
+used by the Romans, but which, being very slow in its operation, is
+almost entirely gone into disuse.
+
+The walls of the cottages in Sky, instead of being one compacted mass
+of stones, are often formed by two exterior surfaces of stone, filled up
+with earth in the middle, which makes them very warm. The roof is
+generally bad. They are thatched, sometimes with straw, sometimes with
+heath, sometimes with fern. The thatch is secured by ropes of straw, or
+of heath; and, to fix the ropes, there is a stone tied to the end of
+each. These stones hang round the bottom of the roof, and make it look
+like a lady's hair in papers; but I should think that, when there is
+wind, they would come down, and knock people on the head.
+
+We dined at the inn at Sconser, where I had the pleasure to find a
+letter from my wife. Here we parted from our learned companion, Mr.
+Donald M'Queen. Dr. Johnson took leave of him very affectionately,
+saying, 'Dear Sir, do not forget me!' We settled, that he should write
+an account of the Isle of Sky, which Dr. Johnson promised to revise. He
+said, Mr. M'Queen should tell all that he could; distinguishing what he
+himself knew, what was traditional, and what conjectural.
+
+We sent our horses round a point of land, that we might shun some very
+bad road; and resolved to go forward by sea. It was seven o'clock when
+we got into our boat. We had many showers, and it soon grew pretty dark.
+Dr. Johnson sat silent and patient. Once he said, as he looked on the
+black coast of Sky,-black, as being composed of rocks seen in the
+dusk,--'This is very solemn.' Our boatmen were rude singers, and seemed
+so like wild Indians, that a very little imagination was necessary to
+give one an impression of being upon an American river. We landed at
+_Strolimus_, from whence we got a guide to walk before us, for two
+miles, to _Corrichatachin_. Not being able to procure a horse for our
+baggage, I took one portmanteau before me, and Joseph another. We had
+but a single star to light us on our way. It was about eleven when we
+arrived. We were most hospitably received by the master and mistress,
+who were just going to bed, but, with unaffected ready kindness, made a
+good fire, and at twelve o'clock at night had supper on the table.
+
+James Macdonald, of _Knockow_, Kingsburgh's brother, whom we had seen at
+Kingsburgh, was there. He shewed me a bond granted by the late Sir James
+Macdonald, to old Kingsburgh, the preamble of which does so much honour
+to the feelings of that much-lamented gentleman, that I thought it worth
+transcribing. It was as follows:--
+
+'I, Sir James Macdonald, of Macdonald, Baronet, now, after arriving at
+my perfect age, from the friendship I bear to Alexander Macdonald of
+Kingsburgh, and in return for the long and faithful services done and
+performed by him to my deceased father, and to myself during my
+minority, when he was one of my Tutors and Curators; being resolved, now
+that the said Alexander Macdonald is advanced in years, to contribute my
+endeavours for making his old age placid and comfortable,'--
+
+therefore he grants him an annuity of fifty pounds sterling.
+
+Dr. Johnson went to bed soon. When one bowl of punch was finished, I
+rose, and was near the door, in my way up stairs to bed; but
+Corrichatachin said, it was the first time Col had been in his house,
+and he should have his bowl;-and would not I join in drinking it? The
+heartiness of my honest landlord, and the desire of doing social honour
+to our very obliging conductor, induced me to sit down again. Col's bowl
+was finished; and by that time we were well warmed. A third bowl was
+soon made, and that too was finished. We were cordial, and merry to a
+high degree; but of what passed I have no recollection, with any
+accuracy. I remember calling _Corrichatachin_ by the familiar
+appellation of _Corri_, which his friends do. A fourth bowl was made, by
+which time Col, and young M'Kinnon, Corrichatachin's son, slipped away
+to bed. I continued a little with Corri and Knockow; but at last I left
+them. It was near five in the morning when I got to bed.
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 26
+
+I awaked at noon, with a severe head-ach. I was much vexed that I should
+have been guilty of such a riot, and afraid of a reproof from Dr.
+Johnson. I thought it very inconsistent with that conduct which I ought
+to maintain, while the companion of the Rambler. About one he came into
+my room, and accosted me, 'What, drunk yet?' His tone of voice was not
+that of severe upbraiding; so I was relieved a little. 'Sir, (said I,)
+they kept me up.' He answered, 'No, you kept them up, you drunken
+dog:'-This he said with good-humoured _English_ pleasantry. Soon
+afterwards, Corrichatachin, Col, and other friends assembled round my
+bed. Corri had a brandy-bottle and glass with him, and insisted I should
+take a dram. 'Ay, said Dr. Johnson, fill him drunk again. Do it in the
+morning, that we may laugh at him all day. It is a poor thing for a
+fellow to get drunk at night, and sculk to bed, and let his friends have
+no sport.' Finding him thus jocular, I became quite easy; and when I
+offered to get up, he very good naturedly said, 'You need be in no such
+hurry now[708].' I took my host's advice, and drank some brandy, which I
+found an effectual cure for my head-ach. When I rose, I went into Dr.
+Johnson's room, and taking up Mrs. M'Kinnon's Prayer-book, I opened it
+at the twentieth Sunday after Trinity, in the epistle for which I read,
+'And be not drunk with wine, wherein there is excess[709].' Some would
+have taken this as a divine interposition.
+
+Mrs. M'Kinnon told us at dinner, that old Kingsburgh, her father, was
+examined at Mugstot, by General Campbell, as to the particulars of the
+dress of the person who had come to his house in woman's clothes along
+with Miss Flora M'Donald; as the General had received intelligence of
+that disguise. The particulars were taken down in writing, that it might
+be seen how far they agreed with the dress of the _Irish girl_ who went
+with Miss Flora from the Long Island. Kingsburgh, she said, had but one
+song, which he always sung when he was merry over a glass. She dictated
+the words to me, which are foolish enough:--
+
+     'Green sleeves[710] and pudding pies,
+      Tell me where my mistress lies,
+      And I'll be with her before she rise,
+      Fiddle and aw' together.
+
+      May our affairs abroad succeed,
+      And may our king come home with speed,
+      And all pretenders shake for dread,
+      And let _his_ health go round.
+
+      To all our injured friends in need,
+      This side and beyond the Tweed!--
+      Let all pretenders shake for dread,
+      And let _his_ health go round.
+         Green sleeves,' &c.
+
+While the examination was going on, the present Talisker, who was there
+as one of M'Leod's militia, could not resist the pleasantry of asking
+Kingsburgh, in allusion to his only song, 'Had she _green sleeves_?'
+Kingsburgh gave him no answer. Lady Margaret M'Donald was very angry at
+Talisker for joking on such a serious occasion, as Kingsburgh was really
+in danger of his life. Mrs. M'Kinnon added that Lady Margaret was quite
+adored in Sky. That when she travelled through the island, the people
+ran in crowds before her, and took the stones off the road, lest her
+horse should stumble and she be hurt[711]. Her husband, Sir Alexander,
+is also remembered with great regard. We were told that every week a
+hogshead of claret was drunk at his table.
+
+This was another day of wind and rain; but good cheer and good society
+helped to beguile the time. I felt myself comfortable enough in the
+afternoon. I then thought that my last night's riot was no more than
+such a social excess as may happen without much moral blame; and
+recollected that some physicians maintained, that a fever produced by it
+was, upon the whole, good for health: so different are our reflections
+on the same subject, at different periods; and such the excuses with
+which we palliate what we know to be wrong.
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 27.
+
+Mr. Donald M'Leod, our original guide, who had parted from us at
+Dunvegan, joined us again to-day. The weather was still so bad that we
+could not travel. I found a closet here, with a good many books, beside
+those that were lying about. Dr. Johnson told me, he found a library in
+his room at Talisker; and observed, that it was one of the remarkable
+things of Sky, that there were so many books in it.
+
+Though we had here great abundance of provisions, it is remarkable that
+Corrichatachin has literally no garden: not even a turnip, a carrot, or
+a cabbage. After dinner, we talked of the crooked spade used in Sky,
+already described, and they maintained that it was better than the usual
+garden-spade, and that there was an art in tossing it, by which those
+who were accustomed to it could work very easily with it. 'Nay, (said
+Dr. Johnson,) it may be useful in land where there are many stones to
+raise; but it certainly is not a good instrument for digging good land.
+A man may toss it, to be sure; but he will toss a light spade much
+better: its weight makes it an incumbrance. A man _may_ dig any land
+with it; but he has no occasion for such a weight in digging good land.
+You may take a field piece to shoot sparrows; but all the sparrows you
+can bring home will not be worth the charge.' He was quite social and
+easy amongst them; and, though he drank no fermented liquor, toasted
+Highland beauties with great readiness. His conviviality engaged them so
+much, that they seemed eager to shew their attention to him, and vied
+with each other in crying out, with a strong Celtick pronunciation,
+'Toctor Shonson, Toctor Shonson, your health!'
+
+This evening one of our married ladies, a lively pretty little woman,
+good-humouredly sat down upon Dr. Johnson's knee, and, being encouraged
+by some of the company, put her hands round his neck, and kissed him.
+'Do it again, (said he,) and let us see who will tire first.' He kept
+her on his knee some time, while he and she drank tea. He was now like a
+_buck_[712] indeed. All the company were much entertained to find him so
+easy and pleasant. To me it was highly comick, to see the grave
+philosopher,--the Rambler,-toying with a Highland beauty[713]!--But what
+could he do? He must have been surly, and weak too, had he not behaved
+as he did. He would have been laughed at, and not more respected, though
+less loved.
+
+He read to-night, to himself, as he sat in company, a great deal of my
+Journal, and said to me, 'The more I read of this, I think the more
+highly of you.' The gentlemen sat a long time at their punch, after he
+and I had retired to our chambers. The manner in which they were
+attended struck me as singular:--The bell being broken, a smart lad lay
+on a table in the corner of the room, ready to spring up and bring the
+kettle, whenever it was wanted. They continued drinking, and singing
+Erse songs, till near five in the morning, when they all came into my
+room, where some of them had beds. Unluckily for me, they found a bottle
+of punch in a corner, which they drank; and Corrichatachin went for
+another, which they also drank. They made many apologies for disturbing
+me. I told them, that, having been kept awake by their mirth, I had once
+thoughts of getting up, and joining them again. Honest Corrichatachin
+said, 'To have had you done so, I would have given a cow.'
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 28.
+
+The weather was worse than yesterday. I felt as if imprisoned. Dr.
+Johnson said, it was irksome to be detained thus: yet he seemed to have
+less uneasiness, or more patience, than I had. What made our situation
+worse here was, that we had no rooms that we could command; for the good
+people had no notion that a man could have any occasion but for a mere
+sleeping-place; so, during the day, the bed chambers were common to all
+the house. Servants eat in Dr. Johnson's; and mine was a kind of general
+rendezvous of all under the roof, children and dogs not excepted. As the
+gentlemen occupied the parlour, the ladies had no place to sit in,
+during the day, but Dr. Johnson's room. I had always some quiet time for
+writing in it, before he was up; and, by degrees, I accustomed the
+ladies to let me sit in it after breakfast, at my _Journal_, without
+minding me.
+
+Dr. Johnson was this morning for going to see as many islands as we
+could; not recollecting the uncertainty of the season, which might
+detain us in one place for many weeks. He said to me, 'I have more the
+spirit of adventure than you.' For my part, I was anxious to get to
+Mull, from whence we might almost any day reach the main land.
+
+Dr. Johnson mentioned, that the few ancient Irish gentlemen yet
+remaining have the highest pride of family; that Mr. Sandford, a friend
+of his, whose mother was Irish, told him, that O'Hara (who was true
+Irish, both by father and mother) and he, and Mr. Ponsonby, son to the
+Earl of Besborough, the greatest man of the three, but of an English
+family, went to see one of those ancient Irish, and that he
+distinguished them thus: 'O'Hara, you are welcome! Mr. Sandford, your
+mother's son is welcome! Mr. Ponsonby, you may sit down.'
+
+He talked both of threshing and thatching. He said, it was very
+difficult to determine how to agree with a thresher. 'If you pay him by
+the day's wages, he will thresh no more than he pleases; though to be
+sure, the negligence of a thresher is more easily detected than that of
+most labourers, because he must always make a sound while he works. If
+you pay him by the piece, by the quantity of grain which he produces, he
+will thresh only while the grain comes freely, and, though he leaves a
+good deal in the ear, it is not worth while to thresh the straw over
+again; nor can you fix him to do it sufficiently, because it is so
+difficult to prove how much less a man threshes than he ought to do.
+Here then is a dilemma: but, for my part, I would engage him by the day:
+I would rather trust his idleness than his fraud.' He said, a roof
+thatched with Lincolnshire reeds would last seventy years, as he was
+informed when in that county; and that he told this in London to a great
+thatcher, who said, he believed it might be true. Such are the pains
+that Dr. Johnson takes to get the best information on every
+subject[714].
+
+He proceeded:--'It is difficult for a farmer in England to find
+day-labourers, because the lowest manufacturers can always get more than
+a day-labourer. It is of no consequence how high the wages of
+manufacturers are; but it would be of very bad consequence to raise the
+wages of those who procure the immediate necessaries of life, for that
+would raise the price of provisions. Here then is a problem for
+politicians. It is not reasonable that the most useful body of men
+should be the worst paid; yet it does not appear how it can be ordered
+otherwise. It were to be wished, that a mode for its being otherwise
+were found out. In the mean time, it is better to give temporary
+assistance by charitable contributions to poor labourers, at times when
+provisions are high, than to raise their wages; because, if wages are
+once raised, they will never get down again[715].'
+
+Happily the weather cleared up between one and two o'clock, and we got
+ready to depart; but our kind host and hostess would not let us go
+without taking a _snatch_, as they called it; which was in truth a very
+good dinner. While the punch went round, Dr. Johnson kept a close
+whispering conference with Mrs. M'Kinnon, which, however, was loud
+enough to let us hear that the subject of it was the particulars of
+Prince Charles's escape. The company were entertained and pleased to
+observe it. Upon that subject, there was something congenial between the
+soul of Dr. Samuel Johnson, and that of an isle of Sky farmer's wife. It
+is curious to see people, how far so ever removed from each other in the
+general system of their lives, come close together on a particular point
+which is common to each. We were merry with Corrichatachin, on Dr.
+Johnson's whispering with his wife. She, perceiving this, humourously
+cried, 'I am in love with him. What is it to live and not to love?' Upon
+her saying something, which I did not hear, or cannot recollect, he
+seized her hand eagerly, and kissed it.
+
+As we were going, the Scottish phrase of '_honest man_!' which is an
+expression of kindness and regard, was again and again applied by the
+company to Dr. Johnson. I was also treated with much civility; and I
+must take some merit from my assiduous attention to him, and from my
+contriving that he shall be easy wherever he goes, that he shall not be
+asked twice to eat or drink any thing (which always disgusts him), that
+he shall be provided with water at his meals, and many such little
+things, which, if not attended to, would fret him. I also may be allowed
+to claim some merit in leading the conversation: I do not mean leading,
+as in an orchestra, by playing the first fiddle; but leading as one does
+in examining a witness--starting topics, and making him pursue them. He
+appears to me like a great mill, into which a subject is thrown to be
+ground. It requires, indeed, fertile minds to furnish materials for this
+mill. I regret whenever I see it unemployed; but sometimes I feel myself
+quite barren, and have nothing to throw in. I know not if this mill be a
+good figure; though Pope makes his mind a mill for turning verses[716].
+
+We set out about four. Young Corrichatachin went with us. We had a fine
+evening, and arrived in good time at _Ostig_, the residence of Mr.
+Martin M'Pherson, minister of Slate. It is a pretty good house, built by
+his father, upon a farm near the church. We were received here with much
+kindness by Mr. and Mrs. M'Pherson, and his sister, Miss M'Pherson, who
+pleased Dr. Johnson much, by singing Erse songs, and playing on the
+guittar. He afterwards sent her a present of his _Rasselas_. In his
+bed-chamber was a press stored with books, Greek, Latin, French, and
+English, most of which had belonged to the father of our host, the
+learned Dr. M'Pherson; who, though his _Dissertations_ have been
+mentioned in a former page[717] as unsatisfactory, was a man of
+distinguished talents. Dr. Johnson looked at a Latin paraphrase of the
+song of Moses, written by him, and published in the _Scots Magazine_ for
+1747, and said, 'It does him honour; he has a good deal of Latin, and
+good Latin.' Dr. M'Pherson published also in the same magazine, June
+1739, an original Latin ode, which he wrote from the isle of Barra,
+where he was minister for some years. It is very poetical, and exhibits
+a striking proof how much all things depend upon comparison: for Barra,
+it seems, appeared to him so much worse than Sky, his _natale
+solum_[718], that he languished for its 'blessed mountains,' and thought
+himself buried alive amongst barbarians where he was. My readers will
+probably not be displeased to have a specimen of this ode:--
+
+     'Hei mihi! quantos patior dolores,
+      Dum procul specto juga ter beata;
+      Dum ferae Barrae steriles arenas
+           Solus oberro.
+     'Ingemo, indignor, crucior, quod inter
+      Barbaros Thulen lateam colentes;
+      Torpeo languens, morior sepultus,
+           Carcere coeco.'
+
+After wishing for wings to fly over to his dear country, which was in
+his view, from what he calls _Thule_, as being the most western isle of
+Scotland, except St. Kilda; after describing the pleasures of society,
+and the miseries of solitude, he at last, with becoming propriety, has
+recourse to the only sure relief of thinking men,--_Sursum
+corda_[719]--the hope of a better world, disposes his mind to
+resignation:--
+
+     'Interim fiat, tua, rex, voluntas:
+      Erigor sursum quoties subit spes
+      Certa migrandi Solymam supernam,
+           Numinis aulam.'
+
+He concludes in a noble strain of orthodox piety:--
+
+     'Vita tum demum vocitanda vita est.
+      Tum licet gratos socios habere,
+      Seraphim et sanctos TRIADEM verendam
+           Concelebrantes.'
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 29[720].
+
+After a very good sleep, I rose more refreshed than I had been for some
+nights. We were now at but a little distance from the shore, and saw the
+sea from our windows, which made our voyage seem nearer. Mr. M'Pherson's
+manners and address pleased us much. He appeared to be a man of such
+intelligence and taste as to be sensible of the extraordinary powers of
+his illustrious guest. He said to me, 'Dr. Johnson is an honour to
+mankind; and, if the expression may be used, is an honour to religion.'
+
+Col, who had gone yesterday to pay a visit at Camuscross, joined us this
+morning at breakfast. Some other gentlemen also came to enjoy the
+entertainment of Dr. Johnson's conversation. The day was windy and
+rainy, so that we had just seized a happy interval for our journey last
+night. We had good entertainment here, better accommodation than at
+Corrichatachin, and time enough to ourselves. The hours slipped along
+imperceptibly. We talked of Shenstone. Dr. Johnson said he was a good
+layer-out of land[721], but would not allow him to approach excellence
+as a poet. He said, he believed he had tried to read all his _Love
+Pastorals_, but did not get through them. I repeated the stanza,
+
+     'She gazed as I slowly withdrew;
+        My path I could hardly discern;
+      So sweetly she bade me adieu,
+        I thought that she bade me return[722].'
+
+He said, 'That seems to be pretty.' I observed that Shenstone, from his
+short maxims in prose, appeared to have some power of thinking; but Dr.
+Johnson would not allow him that merit[723]. He agreed, however, with
+Shenstone, that it was wrong in the brother of one of his correspondents
+to burn his letters[724]: 'for, (said he,) Shenstone was a man whose
+correspondence was an honour.' He was this afternoon full of critical
+severity, and dealt about his censures on all sides. He said, Hammond's
+_Love Elegies_ were poor things[725]. He spoke contemptuously of our
+lively and elegant, though too licentious, Lyrick bard, Hanbury
+Williams, and said, 'he had no fame, but from boys who drank with
+him[726].'
+
+While he was in this mood, I was unfortunate enough, simply perhaps, but
+I could not help thinking, undeservedly, to come within 'the whiff and
+wind of his fell sword[727].' I asked him, if he had ever been
+accustomed to wear a night-cap. He said 'No.' I asked, if it was best
+not to wear one. JOHNSON. 'Sir, I had this custom by chance, and perhaps
+no man shall ever know whether it is best to sleep with or without a
+night-cap.' Soon afterwards he was laughing at some deficiency in the
+Highlands, and said, 'One might as well go without shoes and stockings.'
+Thinking to have a little hit at his own deficiency, I ventured to
+add,------' or without a night-cap, Sir.' But I had better have been
+silent; for he retorted directly. 'I do not see the connection there
+(laughing). Nobody before was ever foolish enough to ask whether it was
+best to wear a night-cap or not. This comes of being a little
+wrong-headed.' He carried the company along with him: and yet the truth
+is, that if he had always worn a night-cap, as is the common practice,
+and found the Highlanders did not wear one, he would have wondered at
+their barbarity; so that my hit was fair enough.
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 30.
+
+There was as great a storm of wind and rain as I have almost ever seen,
+which necessarily confined us to the house; but we were fully
+compensated by Dr. Johnson's conversation. He said, he did not grudge
+Burke's being the first man in the House of Commons, for he was the
+first man every where; but he grudged that a fellow who makes no figure
+in company, and has a mind as narrow as the neck of a vinegar cruet,
+should make a figure in the House of Commons, merely by having the
+knowledge of a few forms, and being furnished with a little occasional
+information[728]. He told us, the first time he saw Dr. Young was at the
+house of Mr. Richardson, the author of _Clarissa_. He was sent for, that
+the doctor might read to him his _Conjectures on original
+Composition_[729], which he did, and Dr. Johnson made his remarks; and
+he was surprized to find Young receive as novelties, what he thought
+very common maxims. He said, he believed Young was not a great scholar,
+nor had studied regularly the art of writing[730]; that there were very
+fine things in his _Night Thoughts_[731], though you could not find
+twenty lines together without some extravagance. He repeated two
+passages from his _Love of Fame_,--the characters of Brunetta[732] and
+Stella[733], which he praised highly. He said Young pressed him much to
+come to Wellwyn. He always intended it, but never went[734]. He was
+sorry when Young died. The cause of quarrel between Young and his son,
+he told us, was, that his son insisted Young should turn away a
+clergyman's widow, who lived with him, and who, having acquired great
+influence over the father, was saucy to the son. Dr. Johnson said, she
+could not conceal her resentment at him, for saying to Young, that 'an
+old man should not resign himself to the management of any body.' I
+asked him, if there was any improper connection between them. 'No, Sir,
+no more than between two statues. He was past fourscore, and she a very
+coarse woman. She read to him, and I suppose made his coffee, and
+frothed his chocolate, and did such things as an old man wishes to have
+done for him.'
+
+Dr. Doddridge being mentioned, he observed that 'he was author of one of
+the finest epigrams in the English language. It is in Orton's Life of
+him.[735] The subject is his family motto,--_Dum vivimus, vivamus_;
+which, in its primary signification, is, to be sure, not very suitable
+to a Christian divine; but he paraphrased it thus:
+
+     "Live, while you live, the _epicure_ would say,
+      And seize the pleasures of the present day.
+      Live, while you live, the sacred _preacher_ cries,
+      And give to GOD each moment as it flies.
+      Lord, in my views let both united be;
+      I live in _pleasure_, when I live to _thee_."'
+
+I asked if it was not strange that government should permit so many
+infidel writings to pass without censure. JOHNSON. 'Sir, it is mighty
+foolish. It is for want of knowing their own power. The present family
+on the throne came to the crown against the will of nine tenths of the
+people.[736] Whether those nine tenths were right or wrong, it is not
+our business now to enquire. But such being the situation of the royal
+family, they were glad to encourage all who would be their friends. Now
+you know every bad man is a Whig; every man who has loose notions. The
+church was all against this family. They were, as I say, glad to
+encourage any friends; and therefore, since their accession, there is no
+instance of any man being kept back on account of his bad principles;
+and hence this inundation of impiety[737].' I observed that Mr. Hume,
+some of whose writings were very unfavourable to religion, was, however,
+a Tory. JOHNSON. 'Sir, Hume is a Tory by chance[738] as being a
+Scotchman; but not upon a principle of duty; for he has no principle. If
+he is any thing, he is a Hobbist.'
+
+There was something not quite serene in his humour to-night, after
+supper; for he spoke of hastening away to London, without stopping much
+at Edinburgh. I reminded him that he had General Oughton and many others
+to see. JOHNSON. 'Nay, I shall neither go in jest, nor stay in jest. I
+shall do what is fit.' BOSWELL. 'Ay, Sir, but all I desire is, that you
+will let me tell you when it is fit.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, I shall not consult
+you.' BOSWELL. 'If you are to run away from us, as soon as you get
+loose, we will keep you confined in an island.' He was, however, on the
+whole, very good company. Mr. Donald McLeod expressed very well the
+gradual impression made by Dr. Johnson on those who are so fortunate as
+to obtain his acquaintance. 'When you see him first, you are struck with
+awful reverence;--then you admire him;--and then you love him
+cordially.'
+
+I read this evening some part of Voltaire's _History of the War_ in
+1741[739], and of Lord Kames against Hereditary Indefeasible Right. This
+is a very slight circumstance, with which I should not trouble my
+reader, but for the sake of observing that every man should keep minutes
+of whatever he reads. Every circumstance of his studies should be
+recorded; what books he has consulted; how much of them he has read; at
+what times; how often the same authors; and what opinions he formed of
+them, at different periods of his life. Such an account would much
+illustrate the history of his mind.[740]
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, OCTOBER 1.
+
+I shewed to Dr. Johnson verses in a magazine, on his _Dictionary_,
+composed of uncommon words taken from it:--
+
+     'Little of _Anthropopathy_[741] has he,' &c.
+
+He read a few of them, and said, 'I am not answerable for all the words
+in my _Dictionary_'. I told him that Garrick kept a book of all who had
+either praised or abused him. On the subject of his own reputation, he
+said,' Now that I see it has been so current a topick, I wish I had done
+so too; but it could not well be done now, as so many things are
+scattered in newspapers.' He said he was angry at a boy of Oxford, who
+wrote in his defence against Kenrick; because it was doing him hurt to
+answer Kenrick. He was told afterwards, the boy was to come to him to
+ask a favour. He first thought to treat him rudely, on account of his
+meddling in that business; but then he considered, he had meant to do
+him all the service in his power, and he took another resolution; he
+told him he would do what he could for him, and did so; and the boy was
+satisfied. He said, he did not know how his pamphlet was done, as he had
+'read very little of it. The boy made a good figure at Oxford, but
+died.[742] He remarked, that attacks on authors did them much service.
+'A man who tells me my play is very bad, is less my enemy than he who
+lets it die in silence. A man whose business it is to be talked of, is
+much helped by being attacked.'[743] Garrick, I observed, had been often
+so helped. JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; though Garrick had more opportunities
+than almost any man, to keep the publick in mind of him, by exhibiting
+himself to such numbers, he would not have had so much reputation, had
+he not been so much attacked. Every attack produces a defence; and so
+attention is engaged. There is no sport in mere praise, when people are
+all of a mind.' BOSWELL. 'Then Hume is not the worse for Beattie's
+attack?[744]' JOHNSON. 'He is, because Beattie has confuted him. I do
+not say, but that there may be some attacks which will hurt an author.
+Though Hume suffered from Beattie, he was the better for other attacks.'
+(He certainly could not include in that number those of Dr. Adams[745],
+and Mr. Tytler[746].) BOSWELL. 'Goldsmith is the better for attacks.'
+JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; but he does not think so yet. When Goldsmith and I
+published, each of us something, at the same time[747], we were given to
+understand that we might review each other. Goldsmith was for accepting
+the offer. I said, No; set Reviewers at defiance. It was said to old
+Bentley, upon the attacks against him, "Why, they'll write you down."
+"No, Sir," he replied; "depend upon it, no man was ever written down but
+by himself[748]." 'He observed to me afterwards, that the advantages
+authors derived from attacks, were chiefly in subjects of taste, where
+you cannot confute, as so much may be said on either side.[749] He told
+me he did not know who was the authour of the _Adventures of a
+Guinea_[750], but that the bookseller had sent the first volume to him
+in manuscript, to have his opinion if it should be printed; and he
+thought it should.
+
+The weather being now somewhat better, Mr. James McDonald, factor to Sir
+Alexander McDonald in Slate, insisted that all the company at Ostig
+should go to the house at Armidale, which Sir Alexander had left, having
+gone with his lady to Edinburgh, and be his guests, till we had an
+opportunity of sailing to Mull. We accordingly got there to dinner; and
+passed our day very cheerfully, being no less than fourteen in number.
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, OCTOBER 2.
+
+Dr. Johnson said, that 'a Chief and his Lady should make their house
+like a court. They should have a certain number of the gentlemen's
+daughters to receive their education in the family, to learn pastry and
+such things from the housekeeper, and manners from my lady. That was the
+way in the great families in Wales; at Lady Salisbury's,[751] Mrs.
+Thrale's grandmother, and at Lady Philips's.[752] I distinguish the
+families by the ladies, as I speak of what was properly their province.
+There were always six young ladies at Sir John Philips's: when one was
+married, her place was filled up. There was a large school-room, where
+they learnt needle-work and other things.' I observed, that, at some
+courts in Germany, there were academies for the pages, who are the sons
+of gentlemen, and receive their education without any expence to their
+parents. Dr. Johnson said, that manners were best learned at those
+courts.' You are admitted with great facility to the prince's company,
+and yet must treat him with much respect. At a great court, you are at
+such a distance that you get no good.' I said, 'Very true: a man sees
+the court of Versailles, as if he saw it on a theatre.' He said, 'The
+best book that ever was written upon good breeding, _Il Corteggiano_, by
+Castiglione[753], grew up at the little court of Urbino, and you should
+read it.' I am glad always to have his opinion of books. At Mr.
+McPherson's, he commended Whitby's _Commentary_[754], and said, he had
+heard him called rather lax; but he did not perceive it. He had looked
+at a novel, called _The Man of the World_[755], at Rasay, but thought
+there was nothing in it. He said to-day, while reading my _Journal_,
+'This will be a great treasure to us some years hence.'
+
+Talking of a very penurious gentleman of our acquaintance[756], he
+observed, that he exceeded _L'Avare_ in the play[757]. I concurred with
+him, and remarked that he would do well, if introduced in one of Foote's
+farces; that the best way to get it done, would be to bring Foote to be
+entertained at his house for a week, and then it would be _facit
+indignatio_[758]. JOHNSON. 'Sir, I wish he had him. I, who have eaten
+his bread, will not give him to him; but I should be glad he came
+honestly by him.'
+
+He said, he was angry at Thrale, for sitting at General Oglethorpe's
+without speaking. He censured a man for degrading himself to a
+non-entity. I observed, that Goldsmith was on the other extreme; for he
+spoke at all ventures.[759] JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; Goldsmith, rather than
+not speak, will talk of what he knows himself to be ignorant, which can
+only end in exposing him.' 'I wonder, (said I,) if he feels that he
+exposes himself. If he was with two taylors,' 'Or with two founders,
+(said Dr. Johnson, interrupting me,) he would fall a talking on the
+method of making cannon, though both of them would soon see that he did
+not know what metal a cannon is made of.' We were very social and merry
+in his room this forenoon. In the evening the company danced as usual.
+We performed, with much activity, a dance which, I suppose, the
+emigration from Sky has occasioned. They call it _America_. Each of the
+couples, after the common _involutions_ and _evolutions_, successively
+whirls round in a circle, till all are in motion; and the dance seems
+intended to shew how emigration catches, till a whole neighbourhood is
+set afloat. Mrs. M'Kinnon told me, that last year when a ship sailed
+from Portree for America, the people on shore were almost distracted
+when they saw their relations go off, they lay down on the ground,
+tumbled, and tore the grass with their teeth. This year there was not a
+tear shed. The people on shore seemed to think that they would soon
+follow. This indifference is a mortal sign for the country.
+
+We danced to-night to the musick of the bagpipe, which made us beat the
+ground with prodigious force. I thought it better to endeavour to
+conciliate the kindness of the people of Sky, by joining heartily in
+their amusements, than to play the abstract scholar. I looked on this
+Tour to the Hebrides as a copartnership between Dr. Johnson and me. Each
+was to do all he could to promote its success; and I have some reason to
+flatter myself, that my gayer exertions were of service to us. Dr.
+Johnson's immense fund of knowledge and wit was a wonderful source of
+admiration and delight to them; but they had it only at times; and they
+required to have the intervals agreeably filled up, and even little
+elucidations of his learned text. I was also fortunate enough frequently
+to draw him forth to talk, when he would otherwise have been silent. The
+fountain was at times locked up, till I opened the spring. It was
+curious to hear the Hebridians, when any dispute happened while he was
+out of the room, saying, 'Stay till Dr. Johnson comes: say that
+to _him!_
+
+Yesterday, Dr. Johnson said, 'I cannot but laugh, to think of myself
+roving among the Hebrides at sixty[760]. I wonder where I shall rove at
+fourscore[761]!' This evening he disputed the truth of what is said, as
+to the people of St. Kilda catching cold whenever strangers come. 'How
+can there (said he) be a physical effect without a physical cause[762]?'
+He added, laughing, 'the arrival of a ship full of strangers would kill
+them; for, if one stranger gives them one cold, two strangers must give
+them two colds; and so in proportion.' I wondered to hear him ridicule
+this, as he had praised M'Aulay for putting it in his book: saying, that
+it was manly in him to tell a fact, however strange, if he himself
+believed it[763]. He said, the evidence was not adequate to the
+improbability of the thing; that if a physician, rather disposed to be
+incredulous, should go to St. Kilda, and report the fact, then he would
+begin to look about him. They said, it was annually proved by M'Leod's
+steward, on whose arrival all the inhabitants caught cold. He jocularly
+remarked, 'the steward always comes to demand something from them; and
+so they fall a coughing. I suppose the people in Sky all take a cold,
+when--(naming a certain person[764]) comes.' They said, he came only in
+summer. JOHNSON. 'That is out of tenderness to you. Bad weather and he,
+at the same time, would be too much.'
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, OCTOBER 3.
+
+Joseph reported that the wind was still against us. Dr. Johnson said, 'A
+wind, or not a wind? that is the question[765];' for he can amuse
+himself at times with a little play of words, or rather sentences. I
+remember when he turned his cup at Aberbrothick, where we drank tea, he
+muttered _Claudite jam rivos, pueri'_[766]. I must again and again
+apologize to fastidious readers, for recording such minute particulars.
+They prove the scrupulous fidelity of my _Journal_. Dr. Johnson said it
+was a very exact picture of a portion of his life.
+
+While we were chatting in the indolent stile of men who were to stay
+here all this day at least, we were suddenly roused at being told that
+the wind was fair, that a little fleet of herring-busses was passing by
+for Mull, and that Mr. Simpson's vessel was about to sail. Hugh
+M'Donald, the skipper, came to us, and was impatient that we should get
+ready, which we soon did. Dr. Johnson, with composure and solemnity,
+repeated the observation of Epictetus, that, 'as man has the voyage of
+death before him,--whatever may be his employment, he should be ready at
+the master's call; and an old man should never be far from the shore,
+lest he should not be able to get himself ready.' He rode, and I and the
+other gentlemen walked, about an English mile to the shore, where the
+vessel lay. Dr. Johnson said, he should never forget Sky, and returned
+thanks for all civilities. We were carried to the vessel in a small boat
+which she had, and we set sail very briskly about one o'clock. I was
+much pleased with the motion for many hours. Dr. Johnson grew sick, and
+retired under cover, as it rained a good deal. I kept above, that I
+might have fresh air, and finding myself not affected by the motion of
+the vessel, I exulted in being a stout seaman, while Dr. Johnson was
+quite in a state of annihilation. But I was soon humbled; for after
+imagining that I could go with ease to America or the East-Indies, I
+became very sick, but kept above board, though it rained hard.
+
+As we had been detained so long in Sky by bad weather, we gave up the
+scheme that Col had planned for us of visiting several islands, and
+contented ourselves with the prospect of seeing Mull, and Icolmkill and
+Inchkenneth, which lie near to it.
+
+Mr. Simpson was sanguine in his hopes for awhile, the wind being fair
+for us. He said, he would land us at Icolmkill that night. But when the
+wind failed, it was resolved we should make for the sound of Mull, and
+land in the harbour of Tobermorie. We kept near the five herring vessels
+for some time; but afterwards four of them got before us, and one little
+wherry fell behind us. When we got in full view of the point of
+Ardnamurchan, the wind changed, and was directly against our getting
+into the Sound. We were then obliged to tack, and get forward in that
+tedious manner. As we advanced, the storm grew greater, and the sea very
+rough. Col then began to talk of making for Egg, or Canna, or his own
+island. Our skipper said, he would get us into the Sound. Having
+struggled for this a good while in vain, he said, he would push forward
+till we were near the land of Mull, where we might cast anchor, and lie
+till the morning; for although, before this, there had been a good moon,
+and I had pretty distinctly seen not only the land of Mull, but up the
+Sound, and the country of Morven as at one end of it, the night was now
+grown very dark. Our crew consisted of one M'Donald, our skipper, and
+two sailors, one of whom had but one eye: Mr. Simpson himself, Col, and
+Hugh M'Donald his servant, all helped. Simpson said, he would willingly
+go for Col, if young Col or his servant would undertake to pilot us to
+a harbour; but, as the island is low land, it was dangerous to run upon
+it in the dark. Col and his servant appeared a little dubious. The
+scheme of running for Canna seemed then to be embraced; but Canna was
+ten leagues off, all out of our way; and they were afraid to attempt the
+harbour of Egg. All these different plans were successively in
+agitation. The old skipper still tried to make for the land of Mull; but
+then it was considered that there was no place there where we could
+anchor in safety. Much time was lost in striving against the storm. At
+last it became so rough, and threatened to be so much worse, that Col
+and his servant took more courage, and said they would undertake to hit
+one of the harbours in Col. 'Then let us run for it in GOD'S name,' said
+the skipper; and instantly we turned towards it. The little wherry which
+had fallen behind us had hard work. The master begged that, if we made
+for Col, we should put out a light to him. Accordingly one of the
+sailors waved a glowing peat for some time. The various difficulties
+that were started, gave me a good deal of apprehension, from which I was
+relieved, when I found we were to run for a harbour before the wind. But
+my relief was but of short duration: for I soon heard that our sails
+were very bad, and were in danger of being torn in pieces, in which case
+we should be driven upon the rocky shore of Col. It was very dark, and
+there was a heavy and incessant rain. The sparks of the burning peat
+flew so much about, that I dreaded the vessel might take fire. Then, as
+Col was a sportsman, and had powder on board, I figured that we might be
+blown up. Simpson and he appeared a little frightened, which made me
+more so; and the perpetual talking, or rather shouting, which was
+carried on in Erse, alarmed me still more. A man is always suspicious of
+what is saying in an unknown tongue; and, if fear be his passion at the
+time, he grows more afraid. Our vessel often lay so much on one side,
+that I trembled lest she should be overset, and indeed they told me
+afterwards, that they had run her sometimes to within an inch of the
+water, so anxious were they to make what haste they could before the
+night should be worse. I now saw what I never saw before, a prodigious
+sea, with immense billows coming upon a vessel, so as that it seemed
+hardly possible to escape. There was something grandly horrible in the
+sight. I am glad I have seen it once. Amidst all these terrifying
+circumstances, I endeavoured to compose my mind. It was not easy to do
+it; for all the stories that I had heard of the dangerous sailing among
+the Hebrides, which is proverbial[767], came full upon my recollection.
+When I thought of those who were dearest to me, and would suffer
+severely, should I be lost, I upbraided myself, as not having a
+sufficient cause for putting myself in such danger. Piety afforded me
+comfort; yet I was disturbed by the objections that have been made
+against a particular providence, and by the arguments of those who
+maintain that it is in vain to hope that the petitions of an individual,
+or even of congregations, can have any influence with the Deity;
+objections which have been often made, and which Dr. Hawkesworth has
+lately revived, in his Preface to the _Voyages to the South Seas_[768];
+but Dr. Ogden's excellent doctrine on the efficacy of intercession
+prevailed.
+
+It was half an hour after eleven before we set ourselves in the course
+for Col. As I saw them all busy doing something, I asked Col, with much
+earnestness, what I could do. He, with a happy readiness, put into my
+hand a rope, which was fixed to the top of one of the masts, and told me
+to hold it till he bade me pull. If I had considered the matter, I might
+have seen that this could not be of the least service; but his object
+was to keep me out of the way of those who were busy working the vessel,
+and at the same time to divert my fear, by employing me, and making me
+think that I was of use. Thus did I stand firm to my post, while the
+wind and rain beat upon me, always expecting a call to pull my rope.
+The man with one eye steered; old M'Donald, and Col and his servant, lay
+upon the fore-castle, looking sharp out for the harbour. It was
+necessary to carry much _cloth_, as they termed it, that is to say, much
+sail, in order to keep the vessel off the shore of Col. This made
+violent plunging in a rough sea. At last they spied the harbour of
+Lochiern, and Col cried, 'Thank GOD, we are safe!' We ran up till we
+were opposite to it, and soon afterwards we got into it, and
+cast anchor.
+
+Dr. Johnson had all this time been quiet and unconcerned. He had lain
+down on one of the beds, and having got free from sickness, was
+satisfied. The truth is, he knew nothing of the danger we were in[769]
+but, fearless and unconcerned, might have said, in the words which he
+has chosen for the motto to his _Rambler_,
+
+     'Quo me cunque rapit tempestas, deferor hospes.[770]'
+
+Once, during the doubtful consultations, he asked whither we were going;
+and upon being told that it was not certain whether to Mull or Col, he
+cried, 'Col for my money!' I now went down, with Col and Mr. Simpson, to
+visit him. He was lying in philosophick tranquillity with a greyhound of
+Col's at his back, keeping him warm. Col is quite the _Juvenis qui
+gaudet canibus_[771]. He had, when we left Talisker, two greyhounds,
+two terriers, a pointer, and a large Newfoundland water-dog. He lost one
+of his terriers by the road, but had still five dogs with him. I was
+very ill, and very desirous to get to shore. When I was told that we
+could not land that night, as the storm had now increased, I looked so
+miserably, as Col afterwards informed me, that what Shakspeare has made
+the Frenchman say of the English soldiers, when scantily dieted,
+_'Piteous they will look, like drowned mice!'_[772] might, I believe,
+have been well applied to me. There was in the harbour, before us, a
+Campbelltown vessel, the Betty, Kenneth Morrison master, taking in
+kelp, and bound for Ireland. We sent our boat to beg beds for two
+gentlemen, and that the master would send his boat, which was larger
+than ours. He accordingly did so, and Col and I were accommodated in his
+vessel till the morning.
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, OCTOBER 4.
+
+About eight o'clock we went in the boat to Mr. Simpson's vessel, and
+took in Dr. Johnson. He was quite well, though he had tasted nothing but
+a dish of tea since Saturday night. On our expressing some surprise at
+this, he said, that, 'when he lodged in the Temple, and had no regular
+system of life, he had fasted for two days at a time, during which he
+had gone about visiting, though not at the hours of dinner or supper;
+that he had drunk tea, but eaten no bread; that this was no intentional
+fasting, but happened just in the course of a literary life.'[773]
+
+There was a little miserable publick-house close upon the shore, to
+which we should have gone, had we landed last night: but this morning
+Col resolved to take us directly to the house of Captain Lauchlan
+M'Lean, a descendant of his family, who had acquired a fortune in the
+East-Indies, and taken a farm in Col[774]. We had about an English mile
+to go to it. Col and Joseph, and some others, ran to some little horses,
+called here _Shelties_, that were running wild on a heath, and catched
+one of them. We had a saddle with us, which was clapped upon it, and a
+straw halter was put on its head. Dr. Johnson was then mounted, and
+Joseph very slowly and gravely led the horse. I said to Dr. Johnson, 'I
+wish, Sir, _the Club_ saw you in this attitude.[775]'
+
+It was a very heavy rain, and I was wet to the skin. Captain M'Lean had
+but a poor temporary house, or rather hut; however, it was a very good
+haven to us. There was a blazing peat-fire, and Mrs. M'Lean, daughter of
+the minister of the parish, got us tea. I felt still the motion of the
+sea. Dr. Johnson said, it was not in imagination, but a continuation of
+motion on the fluids, like that of the sea itself after the storm
+is over.
+
+There were some books on the board which served as a chimney-piece. Dr.
+Johnson took up Burnet's _History of his own Times_[776]. He said, 'The
+first part of it is one of the most entertaining books in the English
+language; it is quite dramatick: while he went about every where, saw
+every where, and heard every where. By the first part, I mean so far as
+it appears that Burnet himself was actually engaged in what he has told;
+and this may be easily distinguished.' Captain M'Lean censured Burnet,
+for his high praise of Lauderdale in a dedication[777], when he shews
+him in his history to have been so bad a man. JOHNSON. 'I do not myself
+think that a man should say in a dedication what he could not say in a
+history. However, allowance should be made; for there is a great
+difference. The known style of a dedication is flattery: it professes
+to flatter. There is the same difference between what a man says in a
+dedication, and what he says in a history, as between a lawyer's
+pleading a cause, and reporting it.'
+
+The day passed away pleasantly enough. The wind became fair for Mull in
+the evening, and Mr. Simpson resolved to sail next morning: but having
+been thrown into the island of Col we were unwilling to leave it
+unexamined, especially as we considered that the Campbelltown vessel
+would sail for Mull in a day or two, and therefore we determined
+to stay.
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, OCTOBER 5.
+
+I rose, and wrote my _Journal_ till about nine; and then went to Dr.
+Johnson, who sat up in bed and talked and laughed. I said, it was
+curious to look back ten years, to the time when we first thought of
+visiting the Hebrides[778]. How distant and improbable the scheme then
+appeared! Yet here we were actually among them. 'Sir, (said he,) people
+may come to do any thing almost, by talking of it. I really believe, I
+could talk myself into building a house upon island Isa[779], though I
+should probably never come back again to see it. I could easily persuade
+Reynolds to do it; and there would be no great sin in persuading him to
+do it. Sir, he would reason thus: "What will it cost me to be there once
+in two or three summers? Why, perhaps, five hundred pounds; and what is
+that, in comparison of having a fine retreat, to which a man can go, or
+to which he can send a friend?" He would never find out that he may have
+this within twenty miles of London. Then I would tell him, that he may
+marry one of the Miss M'Leods, a lady of great family. Sir, it is
+surprising how people will go to a distance for what they may have at
+home. I knew a lady who came up from Lincolnshire to Knightsbridge with
+one of her daughters, and gave five guineas a week for a lodging and a
+warm bath; that is, mere warm water. _That_, you know, could not be had
+in _Lincolnshire_! She said, it was made either too hot or too
+cold there.'
+
+After breakfast, Dr. Johnson and I, and Joseph, mounted horses, and Col
+and the Captain walked with us about a short mile across the island. We
+paid a visit to the Reverend Mr. Hector M'Lean. His parish consists of
+the islands of Col and Tyr-yi. He was about seventy-seven years of age,
+a decent ecclesiastick, dressed in a full suit of black clothes, and a
+black wig. He appeared like a Dutch pastor, or one of the assembly of
+divines at Westminster. Dr. Johnson observed to me afterwards, 'that he
+was a fine old man, and was as well-dressed, and had as much dignity in
+his appearance as the dean of a cathedral.' We were told, that he had a
+valuable library, though but poor accommodation for it, being obliged to
+keep his books in large chests. It was curious to see him and Dr.
+Johnson together. Neither of them heard very distinctly; so each of them
+talked in his own way, and at the same time. Mr. M'Lean said, he had a
+confutation of Bayle, by Leibnitz. JOHNSON. 'A confutation of Bayle,
+Sir! What part of Bayle do you mean? The greatest part of his writings
+is not confutable: it is historical and critical.' Mr. M'Lean said, 'the
+irreligious part;' and proceeded to talk of Leibnitz's controversy with
+Clarke, calling Leibnitz a great man. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, Leibnitz
+persisted in affirming that Newton called space _sensorium numinis_,
+notwithstanding he was corrected, and desired to observe that Newton's
+words were QUASI _sensorium numinis_[780]. No, Sir; Leibnitz was as
+paltry a fellow as I know. Out of respect to Queen Caroline, who
+patronised him, Clarke treated him too well.[781]'  During the time
+that Dr. Johnson was thus going on, the old minister was standing with
+his back to the fire, cresting up erect, pulling down the front of his
+periwig, and talking what a great man Leibnitz was. To give an idea of
+the scene, would require a page with two columns; but it ought rather to
+be represented by two good players. The old gentleman said, Clarke was
+very wicked, for going so much into the Arian system[782]. 'I will not
+say he was wicked, said Dr. Johnson; he might be mistaken.' M'LEAN. 'He
+was wicked, to shut his eyes against the Scriptures; and worthy men in
+England have since confuted him to all intents and purposes.' JOHNSON.
+'I know not _who_ has confuted him to _all intents and purposes_.' Here
+again there was a double talking, each continuing to maintain his own
+argument, without hearing exactly what the other said.
+
+I regretted that Dr. Johnson did not practice the art of accommodating
+himself to different sorts of people. Had he been softer with this
+venerable old man, we might have had more conversation; but his forcible
+spirit, and impetuosity of manner, may be said to spare neither sex nor
+age. I have seen even Mrs. Thrale stunned; but I have often maintained,
+that it is better he should retain his own manner[783]. Pliability of
+address I conceive to be inconsistent with that majestick power of mind
+which he possesses, and which produces such noble effects. A lofty oak
+will not bend like a supple willow.
+
+He told me afterwards, he liked firmness in an old man, and was pleased
+to see Mr. M'Lean so orthodox. 'At his age, it is too late for a man to
+be asking himself questions as to his belief[784].'  We rode to the
+northern part of the island, where we saw the ruins of a church or
+chapel[785]. We then proceeded to a place called Grissipol, or the
+rough Pool.
+
+At Grissipol we found a good farm house, belonging to the Laird of Col,
+and possessed by Mr. M'Sweyn. On the beach here there is a singular
+variety of curious stones. I picked up one very like a small cucumber.
+By the by, Dr. Johnson told me, that Gay's line in _The Beggars Opera_,
+'As men should serve a cucumber[786],' &c. has no waggish meaning, with
+reference to men flinging away cucumbers as too _cooling_, which some
+have thought; for it has been a common saying of physicians in England,
+that a cucumber should be well sliced, and dressed with pepper and
+vinegar, and then thrown out, as good for nothing. Mr. M'Sweyn's
+predecessors had been in Sky from a very remote period, upon the estate
+belonging to M'Leod; probably before M'Leod had it The name is certainly
+Norwegian, from _Sueno_, King of Norway. The present Mr. M'Sweyn left
+Sky upon the late M'Leod's raising his rents. He then got this farm
+from Col.
+
+He appeared to be near fourscore; but looked as fresh, and was as strong
+as a man of fifty. His son Hugh looked older; and, as Dr. Johnson
+observed, had more the manners of an old man than he. I had often heard
+of such instances, but never saw one before. Mrs. M'Sweyn was a decent
+old gentlewoman. She was dressed in tartan, and could speak nothing but
+Erse. She said, she taught Sir James M'Donald Erse, and would teach me
+soon. I could now sing a verse of the song _Hatyin foam'eri_[787], made
+in honour of Allan, the famous Captain of Clanranald, who fell at
+Sherrif-muir[788]; whose servant, who lay on the field watching his
+master's dead body, being asked next day who that was, answered, 'He was
+a man yesterday.'
+
+We were entertained here with a primitive heartiness. Whiskey was served
+round in a shell, according to the ancient Highland custom. Dr. Johnson
+would not partake of it; but, being desirous to do honour to the modes
+'of other times,' drank some water out of the shell.
+
+In the forenoon Dr. Johnson said, 'it would require great resignation to
+live in one of these islands.' BOSWELL. 'I don't know, Sir; I have felt
+myself at times in a state of almost mere physical existence, satisfied
+to eat, drink, and sleep, and walk about, and enjoy my own thoughts; and
+I can figure a continuation of this.' JOHNSON. 'Ay, Sir; but if you were
+shut up here, your own thoughts would torment you. You would think of
+Edinburgh or London, and that you could not be there.'
+
+We set out after dinner for _Breacacha_, the family seat of the Laird of
+Col, accompanied by the young laird, who had now got a horse, and by the
+younger Mr. M'Sweyn, whose wife had gone thither before us, to prepare
+every thing for our reception, the laird and his family being absent at
+Aberdeen. It is called _Breacacha_, or the Spotted Field, because in
+summer it is enamelled with clover and daisies, as young Col told me. We
+passed by a place where there is a very large stone, I may call it a
+_rock_;--'a vast weight for Ajax[789].' The tradition is, that a giant
+threw such another stone at his mistress, up to the top of a hill, at a
+small distance; and that she in return, threw this mass down to
+him[790]. It was all in sport.
+
+     'Malo me petit lasciva puella[791].'
+
+As we advanced, we came to a large extent of plain ground. I had not
+seen such a place for a long time. Col and I took a gallop upon it by
+way of race. It was very refreshing to me, after having been so long
+taking short steps in hilly countries. It was like stretching a man's
+legs after being cramped in a short bed. We also passed close by a large
+extent of sand-hills, near two miles square. Dr. Johnson said, 'he never
+had the image before. It was horrible, if barrenness and danger could be
+so.' I heard him, after we were in the house of _Breacacha_, repeating
+to himself, as he walked about the room,
+
+     'And smother'd in the dusty whirlwind, dies[792].'
+
+Probably he had been thinking of the whole of the simile in _Cato_, of
+which that is the concluding line; the sandy desart had struck him so
+strongly. The sand has of late been blown over a good deal of meadow,
+and the people of the island say, that their fathers remembered much of
+the space which is now covered with sand, to have been under
+tillage[793]. Col's house is situated on a bay called _Breacacha_ Bay.
+We found here a neat new-built gentleman's house, better than any we had
+been in since we were at Lord Errol's. Dr. Johnson relished it much at
+first, but soon remarked to me, that 'there was nothing becoming a Chief
+about it: it was a mere tradesman's box[794].' He seemed quite at home,
+and no longer found any difficulty in using the Highland address; for as
+soon as we arrived, he said, with a spirited familiarity, 'Now, _Col_,
+if you could get us a dish of tea.' Dr. Johnson and I had each an
+excellent bed-chamber. We had a dispute which of us had the best
+curtains. His were rather the best, being of linen; but I insisted that
+my bed had the best posts, which was undeniable. 'Well, (said he,) if
+you _have_ the best _posts_, we will have you tied to them and whipped.'
+I mention this slight circumstance, only to shew how ready he is, even
+in mere trifles, to get the better of his antagonist, by placing him in
+a ludicrous view. I have known him sometimes use the same art, when hard
+pressed in serious disputation. Goldsmith, I remember, to retaliate for
+many a severe defeat which he has suffered from him, applied to him a
+lively saying in one of Cibber's comedies, which puts this part of his
+character in a strong light.--'There is no arguing with Johnson; for,
+_if his pistol misses fire, he knocks you down with the butt end of
+it_[795].'
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 6.
+
+After a sufficiency of sleep, we assembled at breakfast. We were just as
+if in barracks. Every body was master. We went and viewed the old castle
+of Col, which is not far from the present house, near the shore, and
+founded on a rock. It has never been a large feudal residence, and has
+nothing about it that requires a particular description. Like other old
+inconvenient buildings of the same age, it exemplified Gray's
+picturesque lines,
+
+     'Huge[796] windows that exclude the light,
+      And passages that lead to nothing.'
+
+It may however be worth mentioning, that on the second story we saw a
+vault, which was, and still is, the family prison. There was a woman put
+into it by the laird, for theft, within these ten years; and any
+offender would be confined there yet; for, from the necessity of the
+thing, as the island is remote from any power established by law, the
+laird must exercise his jurisdiction to a certain degree.
+
+We were shewn, in a corner of this vault, a hole, into which Col said
+greater criminals used to be put. It was now filled up with rubbish of
+different kinds. He said, it was of a great depth, 'Ay, (said Dr.
+Johnson, smiling,) all such places, that _are filled up_, were of a
+great depth.' He is very quick in shewing that he does not give credit
+to careless or exaggerated accounts of things. After seeing the castle,
+we looked at a small hut near it. It is called _Teigh Franchich, i.e._
+the Frenchman's House. Col could not tell us the history of it. A poor
+man with a wife and children now lived in it. We went into it, and Dr.
+Johnson gave them some charity. There was but one bed for all the
+family, and the hut was very smoky. When he came out, he said to me,
+_'Et hoc secundum sententiam philosophorum est esse beatus_[797].'
+BOSWELL. 'The philosophers, when they placed happiness in a cottage,
+supposed cleanliness and no smoke.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, they did not think
+about either.'
+
+We walked a little in the laird's garden, in which endeavours have been
+used to rear some trees; but, as soon as they got above the surrounding
+wall, they died. Dr. Johnson recommended sowing the seeds of hardy
+trees, instead of planting.
+
+Col and I rode out this morning, and viewed a part of the island. In the
+course of our ride, we saw a turnip-field, which he had hoed with his
+own hands. He first introduced this kind of husbandry into the Western
+islands[798]. We also looked at an appearance of lead, which seemed very
+promising. It has been long known; for I found letters to the late
+laird, from Sir John Areskine and Sir Alexander Murray, respecting it.
+
+After dinner came Mr. M'Lean, of Corneck, brother to Isle of Muck, who
+is a cadet of the family of Col. He possesses the two ends of Col, which
+belong to the Duke of Argyll. Corneck had lately taken a lease of them
+at a very advanced rent, rather than let the Campbells get a footing in
+the island, one of whom had offered nearly as much as he. Dr. Johnson
+well observed, that, 'landlords err much when they calculate merely
+what their land _may_ yield. The rent must be in a proportionate ratio
+of what the land may yield, and of the power of the tenant to make it
+yield. A tenant cannot make by his land, but according to the corn and
+cattle which he has. Suppose you should give him twice as much land as
+he has, it does him no good, unless he gets also more stock. It is clear
+then, that the Highland landlords, who let their substantial tenants
+leave them, are infatuated; for the poor small tenants cannot give them
+good rents, from the very nature of things. They have not the means of
+raising more from their farms[799].' Corneck, Dr. Johnson said, was the
+most distinct man that he had met with in these isles: he did not shut
+his eyes, or put his fingers in his ears, which he seemed to think was a
+good deal the mode with most of the people whom we have seen of late.
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, OCTOBER 7.
+
+Captain M'Lean joined us this morning at breakfast. There came on a
+dreadful storm of wind and rain, which continued all day, and rather
+increased at night. The wind was directly against our getting to Mull.
+We were in a strange state of abstraction from the world: we could
+neither hear from our friends, nor write to them. Col had brought Daille
+_on the Fathers_[800], Lucas _on Happiness_[801], and More's
+_Dialogues_[802], from the Reverend Mr. M'Lean's, and Burnet's _History
+of his own Times_, from Captain M'Lean's; and he had of his own some
+books of farming, and Gregory's _Geometry_[803]. Dr. Johnson read a good
+deal of Burnet, and of Gregory, and I observed he made some geometrical
+notes in the end of his pocket-book. I read a little of Young's _Six
+Weeks' Tour through the Southern Counties_; and Ovid's _Epistles_, which
+I had bought at Inverness, and which helped to solace many a weary hour.
+
+We were to have gone with Dr. Johnson this morning to see the mine; but
+were prevented by the storm. While it was raging, he said, 'We may be
+glad we are not _damnati ad metalla_.'
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, OCTOBER 8.
+
+Dr. Johnson appeared to-day very weary of our present confined
+situation. He said, 'I want to be on the main land, and go on with
+existence. This is a waste of life.'
+
+I shall here insert, without regard to chronology, some of his
+conversation at different times.
+
+'There was a man some time ago, who was well received for two years,
+among the gentlemen of Northamptonshire, by calling himself my brother.
+At last he grew so impudent as by his influence to get tenants turned
+out of their farms. Allen the Printer[804], who is of that county, came
+to me, asking, with much appearance of doubtfulness, if I had a brother;
+and upon being assured I had none alive, he told me of the imposition,
+and immediately wrote to the country, and the fellow was dismissed. It
+pleased me to hear that so much was got by using my name. It is not
+every name that can carry double; do both for a man's self and his
+brother (laughing). I should be glad to see the fellow. However, I could
+have done nothing against him. A man can have no redress for his name
+being used, or ridiculous stories being told of him in the newspapers,
+except he can shew that he has suffered damage. Some years ago a foolish
+piece was published, said to be written _by S. Johnson_. Some of my
+friends wanted me to be very angry about this. I said, it would be in
+vain; for the answer would be, "_S. Johnson_ may be Simon Johnson, or
+Simeon Johnson, or Solomon Johnson;" and even if the full name, Samuel
+Johnson, had been used, it might be said; "it is not you; it is a much
+cleverer fellow."
+
+'Beauclerk and I, and Langton, and Lady Sydney Beauclerk, mother to our
+friend, were one day driving in a coach by Cuper's Gardens[805], which
+were then unoccupied. I, in sport, proposed that Beauclerk and Langton,
+and myself should take them; and we amused ourselves with scheming how
+we should all do our parts. Lady Sydney grew angry, and said, "an old
+man should not put such things in young people's heads." She had no
+notion of a joke, Sir; had come late into life, and had a mighty
+unpliable understanding.
+
+'_Carte's Life of the Duke of Ormond_ is considered as a book of
+authority; but it is ill-written. The matter is diffused in too many
+words; there is no animation, no compression, no vigour. Two good
+volumes in duodecimo might be made out of the two in folio[806].
+
+Talking of our confinement here, I observed, that our discontent and
+impatience could not be considered as very unreasonable; for that we
+were just in the state of which Seneca complains so grievously, while in
+exile in Corsica[807]. 'Yes, (said Dr. Johnson,) and he was not farther
+from home than we are.' The truth is, he was much nearer.
+
+There was a good deal of rain to-day, and the wind was still contrary.
+Corneck attended me, while I amused myself in examining a collection of
+papers belonging to the family of Col. The first laird was a younger son
+of the Chieftain M'Lean, and got the middle part of Col for his
+patrimony. Dr. Johnson having given a very particular account[808] of
+the connection between this family and a branch of the family of
+Camerons, called M'Lonich, I shall only insert the following document,
+(which I found in Col's cabinet,) as a proof of its continuance, even to
+a late period:--
+
+TO THE LAIRD OF COL.
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+
+'The long-standing tract of firm affectionate friendship 'twixt your
+worthy predecessors and ours affords us such assurance, as that we may
+have full relyance on your favour and undoubted friendship, in
+recommending the bearer, Ewen Cameron, our cousin, son to the deceast
+Dugall M'Connill of Innermaillie, sometime in Glenpean, to your favour
+and conduct, who is a man of undoubted honesty and discretion, only
+that he has the misfortune of being alledged to have been accessory to
+the killing of one of M'Martin's family about fourteen years ago, upon
+which alledgeance the M'Martins are now so sanguine on revenging, that
+they are fully resolved for the deprivation of his life; to the
+preventing of which you are relyed on by us, as the only fit instrument,
+and a most capable person. Therefore your favour and protection is
+expected and intreated, during his good behaviour; and failing of which
+behaviour, you'll please to use him as a most insignificant
+person deserves.
+
+'Sir, he had, upon the alledgeance foresaid, been transported, at
+Lochiel's desire, to France, to gratify the M'Martins, and upon his
+return home, about five years ago, married: But now he is so much
+threatened by the M'Martins, that he is not secure enough to stay where
+he is, being Ardmurchan, which occasions this trouble to you. Wishing
+prosperity and happiness to attend still yourself, worthy Lady, and good
+family, we are, in the most affectionate manner,
+
+'Dear Sir,
+
+'Your most obliged, affectionate,
+    'And most humble Servants,
+        'DUGALL CAMERON, _of Strone_.
+         DUGALL CAMERON, _of Barr_.
+         DUGALL CAMERON, _of Inveriskvouilline_.
+         DUGALL CAMERON, _of Invinvalie_.'
+
+'Strone, 11th March, 1737.'
+
+Ewen Cameron was protected, and his son has now a farm from the Laird of
+Col, in Mull.
+
+The family of Col was very loyal in the time of the great Montrose[809],
+from whom I found two letters in his own handwriting. The first is
+as follows:--
+
+FOR MY VERY LOVING FRIEND THE LAIRD OF COALL.
+
+'Sir,
+
+'I must heartily thank you for all your willingness and good affection
+to his Majesty's service, and particularly the sending alongs of your
+son, to who I will heave ane particular respect, hopeing also that you
+will still continue ane goode instrument for the advanceing ther of the
+King's service, for which, and all your former loyal carriages, be
+confident you shall find the effects of his Ma's favour, as they can be
+witnessed you by
+
+     'Your very faithful friende,
+     'MONTROSE.'
+
+'Strethearne, 20 Jan. 1646.'
+
+The other is:--
+
+     'FOR THE LAIRD OF COL.
+
+'SIR,
+
+'Having occasion to write to your fields, I cannot be forgetful of your
+willingness and good affection to his Majesty's service. I acknowledge
+to you, and thank you heartily for it, assuring, that in what lies in my
+power, you shall find the good. Meanwhile, I shall expect that you will
+continue your loyal endeavours, in wishing those slack people that are
+about you, to appear more obedient than they do, and loyal in their
+prince's service; whereby I assure you, you shall find me ever
+
+     'Your faithful friend,
+     'MONTROSE[810].'
+
+'Petty, 17 April, 1646.'
+
+I found some uncouth lines on the death of the present laird's father,
+intituled 'Nature's Elegy upon the death of Donald Maclean of Col.' They
+are not worth insertion. I shall only give what is called his Epitaph,
+which Dr. Johnson said, 'was not so very bad.'
+
+     'Nature's minion, Virtue's wonder,
+      Art's corrective here lyes under.'
+
+I asked, what 'Art's corrective' meant. 'Why, Sir, (said he,) that the
+laird was so exquisite, that he set art right, when she was wrong.'
+
+I found several letters to the late Col, from my father's old companion
+at Paris, Sir Hector M'Lean, one of which was written at the time of
+settling the colony in Georgia[811]. It dissuades Col from letting
+people go there, and assures him there will soon be an opportunity of
+employing them better at home. Hence it appears that emigration from
+the Highlands, though not in such numbers at a time as of late, has
+always been practised. Dr. Johnson observed that 'the Lairds, instead of
+improving their country, diminished their people.'
+
+There are several districts of sandy desart in Col. There are
+forty-eight lochs of fresh water; but many of them are very small,--meer
+pools. About one half of them, however, have trout and eel. There is a
+great number of horses in the island, mostly of a small size. Being
+over-stocked, they sell some in Tir-yi, and on the main land. Their
+black cattle, which are chiefly rough-haired, are reckoned remarkably
+good. The climate being very mild in winter, they never put their beasts
+in any house. The lakes are never frozen so as to bear a man; and snow
+never lies above a few hours. They have a good many sheep, which they
+eat mostly themselves, and sell but a few. They have goats in several
+places. There are no foxes; no serpents, toads, or frogs, nor any
+venomous creature. They have otters and mice here; but had no rats till
+lately that an American vessel brought them. There is a rabbit-warren on
+the north-east of the island, belonging to the Duke of Argyle. Young Col
+intends to get some hares, of which there are none at present. There are
+no black-cock, muir-fowl[812], nor partridges; but there are snipe,
+wild-duck, wild-geese, and swans, in winter; wild-pidgeons, plover, and
+great number of starlings; of which I shot some, and found them pretty
+good eating. Woodcocks come hither, though there is not a tree upon the
+island. There are no rivers in Col; but only some brooks, in which there
+is a great variety of fish. In the whole isle there are but three hills,
+and none of them considerable for a Highland country. The people are
+very industrious. Every man can tan. They get oak, and birch-bark, and
+lime, from the main land. Some have pits; but they commonly use tubs. I
+saw brogues[813] very well tanned; and every man can make them. They all
+make candles of the tallow of their beasts, both moulded and dipped; and
+they all make oil of the livers of fish. The little fish called Cuddies
+produce a great deal. They sell some oil out of the island, and they use
+it much for light in their houses, in little iron lamps, most of which
+they have from England; but of late their own blacksmith makes them. He
+is a good workman; but he has no employment in shoeing horses, for they
+all go unshod here, except some of a better kind belonging to young Col,
+which were now in Mull. There are two carpenters in Col; but most of the
+inhabitants can do something as boat-carpenters. They can all dye. Heath
+is used for yellow; and for red, a moss which grows on stones. They make
+broad-cloth, and tartan, and linen, of their own wool and flax,
+sufficient for their own use; as also stockings. Their bonnets come from
+the mainland. Hard-ware and several small articles are brought annually
+from Greenock, and sold in the only shop in the island, which is kept
+near the house, or rather hut, used for publick worship, there being no
+church in the island. The inhabitants of Col have increased considerably
+within these thirty years, as appears from the parish registers. There
+are but three considerable tacksmen on Col's part of the island[814]:
+the rest is let to small tenants, some of whom pay so low a rent as
+four, three, or even two guineas. The highest is seven pounds, paid by a
+farmer, whose son goes yearly on foot to Aberdeen for education, and in
+summer returns, and acts as a schoolmaster in Col. Dr. Johnson said,
+'There is something noble in a young man's walking two hundred miles and
+back again, every year, for the sake of learning[815].'
+
+This day a number of people came to Col, with complaints of each others'
+trespasses. Corneck, to prevent their being troublesome, told them, that
+the lawyer from Edinburgh was here, and if they did not agree, he would
+take them to task. They were alarmed at this; said, they had never been
+used to go to law, and hoped Col would settle matters himself. In the
+evening Corneck left us.
+
+As, in our present confinement, any thing that had even the name of
+curious was an object of attention, I proposed that Col should shew me
+the great stone, mentioned in a former page[816], as having been thrown
+by a giant to the top of a mountain. Dr. Johnson, who did not like to be
+left alone, said he would accompany us as far as riding was practicable.
+We ascended a part of the hill on horseback, and Col and I scrambled up
+the rest. A servant held our horses, and Dr. Johnson placed himself on
+the ground, with his back against a large fragment of rock. The wind
+being high, he let down the cocks of his hat, and tied it with his
+handkerchief under his chin. While we were employed in examining the
+stone, which did not repay our trouble in getting to it, he amused
+himself with reading _Gataker on Lots and on the Christian Watch[817],_
+a very learned book, of the last age, which had been found in the garret
+of Col's house, and which he said was a treasure here. When we descried
+him from above, he had a most eremitical appearance; and on our return
+told us, he had been so much engaged by Gataker, that he had never
+missed us. His avidity for variety of books, while we were in Col, was
+frequently expressed; and he often complained that so few were within
+his reach. Upon which I observed to him, that it was strange he should
+complain of want of books, when he could at any time make such
+good ones.
+
+We next proceeded to the lead mine. In our way we came to a strand of
+some extent, where we were glad to take a gallop, in which my learned
+friend joined with great alacrity. Dr. Johnson, mounted on a large bay
+mare without shoes, and followed by a foal, which had some difficulty in
+keeping up with him, was a singular spectacle.
+
+After examining the mine, we returned through a very uncouth district,
+full of sand hills; down which, though apparent precipices, our horses
+carried us with safety, the sand always gently sliding away from their
+feet. Vestiges of houses were pointed out to us, which Col, and two
+others who had joined us, asserted had been overwhelmed with sand blown
+over them. But, on going close to one of them, Dr. Johnson shewed the
+absurdity of the notion, by remarking, that 'it was evidently only a
+house abandoned, the stones of which had been taken away for other
+purposes; for the large stones, which form the lower part of the walls,
+were still standing higher than the sand. If _they_ were not blown over,
+it was clear nothing higher than they could be blown over.' This was
+quite convincing to me; but it made not the least impression on Col and
+the others, who were not to be argued out of a Highland tradition.
+
+We did not sit down to dinner till between six and seven. We lived
+plentifully here, and had a true welcome. In such a season good firing
+was of no small importance. The peats were excellent, and burned
+cheerfully. Those at Dunvegan, which were damp, Dr. Johnson called 'a
+sullen fuel.' Here a Scottish phrase was singularly applied to him. One
+of the company having remarked that he had gone out on a stormy evening,
+and brought in a supply of peats from the stack, old Mr. M'Sweyn said,
+'that was _main honest_[818]!'
+
+Blenheim being occasionally mentioned, he told me he had never seen
+it[819]: he had not gone formerly; and he would not go now, just as a
+common spectator, for his money: he would not put it in the power of
+some man about the Duke of Marlborough to say, 'Johnson was here; I knew
+him, but I took no notice of him[820].' He said, he should be very glad
+to see it, if properly invited, which in all probability would never be
+the case, as it was not worth his while to seek for it. I observed, that
+he might be easily introduced there by a common friend of ours, nearly
+related to the duke[821]. He answered, with an uncommon attention to
+delicacy of feeling, 'I doubt whether our friend be on such a footing
+with the duke as to carry any body there; and I would not give him the
+uneasiness of seeing that I knew he was not, or even of being himself
+reminded of it.'
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, OCTOBER 10.
+
+There was this day the most terrible storm of wind and rain that I ever
+remember[822]. It made such an awful impression on us all, as to
+produce, for some time, a kind of dismal quietness in the house. The day
+was passed without much conversation: only, upon my observing that there
+must be something bad in a man's mind, who does not like to give leases
+to his tenants, but wishes to keep them in a perpetual wretched
+dependance on his will, Dr. Johnson said, 'You are right: it is a man's
+duty to extend comfort and security among as many people as he can. He
+should not wish to have his tenants mere _Ephemerae_,--mere beings of an
+hour[823].' BOSWELL. 'But, Sir, if they have leases is there not some
+danger that they may grow insolent? I remember you yourself once told
+me, an English tenant was so independent, that, if provoked, he would
+_throw_ his rent at his landlord.' JOHNSON. 'Depend upon it, Sir, it is
+the landlord's own fault, if it is thrown at him. A man may always keep
+his tenants in dependence enough, though they have leases. He must be a
+good tenant indeed, who will not fall behind in his rent, if his
+landlord will let him; and if he does fall behind, his landlord has him
+at his mercy. Indeed, the poor man is always much at the mercy of the
+rich; no matter whether landlord or tenant. If the tenant lets his
+landlord have a little rent beforehand, or has lent him money, then the
+landlord is in his power. There cannot be a greater man than a tenant
+who has lent money to his landlord; for he has under subjection the very
+man to whom he should be subjected.'
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, OCTOBER II.
+
+We had some days ago engaged the Campbelltown vessel to carry us to
+Mull, from the harbour where she lay. The morning was fine, and the wind
+fair and moderate; so we hoped at length to get away.
+
+Mrs. M'Sweyn, who officiated as our landlady here, had never been on the
+main land. On hearing this, Dr. Johnson said to me, before her, 'That is
+rather being behind-hand with life. I would at least go and see
+Glenelg.' BOSWELL. 'You yourself, Sir, have never seen, till now, any
+thing but your native island.' JOHNSON. 'But, Sir, by seeing London, I
+have seen as much of life as the world can shew[824].' BOSWELL. 'You
+have not seen Pekin.' JOHNSON. 'What is Pekin? Ten thousand Londoners
+would _drive_ all the people of Pekin: they would drive them like deer.'
+
+We set out about eleven for the harbour; but, before we reached it, so
+violent a storm came on, that we were obliged again to take shelter in
+the house of Captain M'Lean, where we dined, and passed the night.
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, OCTOBER 12.
+
+After breakfast, we made a second attempt to get to the harbour; but
+another storm soon convinced us that it would be in vain. Captain
+M'Lean's house being in some confusion, on account of Mrs. M'Lean being
+expected to lie-in, we resolved to go to Mr. M'Sweyn's, where we arrived
+very wet, fatigued, and hungry. In this situation, we were somewhat
+disconcerted by being told that we should have no dinner till late in
+the evening, but should have tea in the mean time. Dr. Johnson opposed
+this arrangement; but they persisted, and he took the tea very readily.
+He said to me afterwards, 'You must consider, Sir, a dinner here is a
+matter of great consequence. It is a thing to be first planned, and then
+executed. I suppose the mutton was brought some miles off, from some
+place where they knew there was a sheep killed.'
+
+Talking of the good people with whom we were, he said, 'Life has not got
+at all forward by a generation in M'Sweyn's family; for the son is
+exactly formed upon the father. What the father says, the son says; and
+what the father looks, the son looks.'
+
+There being little conversation to-night, I must endeavour to recollect
+what I may have omitted on former occasions. When I boasted, at Rasay,
+of my independency of spirit, and that I could not be bribed, he said,
+'Yes, you may be bribed by flattery.' At the Reverend Mr. M'Lean's, Dr.
+Johnson asked him, if the people of Col had any superstitions. He said,
+'No.' The cutting peats at the increase of the moon was mentioned as
+one; but he would not allow it, saying, it was not a superstition, but a
+whim. Dr. Johnson would not admit the distinction. There were many
+superstitions, he maintained, not connected with religion; and this was
+one of them[825]. On Monday we had a dispute at the Captain's, whether
+sand-hills could be fixed down by art. Dr. Johnson said, 'How _the
+devil_ can you do it?' but instantly corrected himself, 'How can you do
+it[826]?' I never before heard him use a phrase of that nature.
+
+He has particularities which it is impossible to explain[827]. He never
+wears a night-cap, as I have already mentioned; but he puts a
+handkerchief on his head in the night. The day that we left Talisker, he
+bade us ride on. He then turned the head of his horse back towards
+Talisker, stopped for some time; then wheeled round to the same
+direction with ours, and then came briskly after us. He sets open a
+window in the coldest day or night, and stands before it. It may do with
+his constitution; but most people, amongst whom I am one, would say,
+with the frogs in the fable, 'This may be sport to you; but it is death
+to us.' It is in vain to try to find a meaning in every one of his
+particularities, which, I suppose, are mere habits, contracted by
+chance; of which every man has some that are more or less remarkable.
+His speaking to himself, or rather repeating, is a common habit with
+studious men accustomed to deep thinking; and, in consequence of their
+being thus rapt, they will even laugh by themselves, if the subject
+which they are musing on is a merry one. Dr. Johnson is often uttering
+pious ejaculations, when he appears to be talking to himself; for
+sometimes his voice grows stronger, and parts of the Lord's Prayer are
+heard[828]. I have sat beside him with more than ordinary reverence on
+such occasions[829].
+
+In our Tour, I observed that he was disgusted whenever he met with
+coarse manners. He said to me, 'I know not how it is, but I cannot bear
+low life[830]: and I find others, who have as good a right as I to be
+fastidious, bear it better, by having mixed more with different sorts of
+men. You would think that I have mixed pretty well too.'
+
+He read this day a good deal of my _Journal_, written in a small book
+with which he had supplied me, and was pleased, for he said, 'I wish thy
+books were twice as big.' He helped me to fill up blanks which I had
+left in first writing it, when I was not quite sure of what he had said,
+and he corrected any mistakes that I had made. 'They call me a scholar,
+(said he,) and yet how very little literature is there in my
+conversation.' BOSWELL. 'That, Sir, must be according to your company.
+You would not give literature to those who cannot taste it. Stay till we
+meet Lord Elibank.'
+
+We had at last a good dinner, or rather supper, and were very well
+satisfied with our entertainment.
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 13.
+
+Col called me up, with intelligence that it was a good day for a passage
+to Mull; and just as we rose, a sailor from the vessel arrived for us.
+We got all ready with dispatch. Dr. Johnson was displeased at my
+bustling, and walking quickly up and down. He said, 'It does not hasten
+us a bit. It is getting on horseback in a ship[831]. All boys do it; and
+you are longer a boy than others.' He himself has no alertness, or
+whatever it may be called; so he may dislike it, as _Oderunt hilarem
+tristes[832]._
+
+Before we reached the harbour, the wind grew high again. However, the
+small boat was waiting and took us on board. We remained for some time
+in uncertainty what to do: at last it was determined, that, as a good
+part of the day was over, and it was dangerous to be at sea at night, in
+such a vessel, and such weather, we should not sail till the morning
+tide, when the wind would probably be more gentle. We resolved not to go
+ashore again, but lie here in readiness. Dr. Johnson and I had each a
+bed in the cabin. Col sat at the fire in the fore-castle, with the
+captain, and Joseph, and the rest. I eat some dry oatmeal, of which I
+found a barrel in the cabin. I had not done this since I was a boy. Dr.
+Johnson owned that he too was fond of it when a boy[833]; a circumstance
+which I was highly pleased to hear from him, as it gave me an
+opportunity of observing that, notwithstanding his joke on the article
+of OATS[834], he was himself a proof that this kind of _food_ was not
+peculiar to the people of Scotland.
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, OCTOBER 14.
+
+When Dr. Johnson awaked this morning, he called _'Lanky!'_ having, I
+suppose, been thinking of Langton; but corrected himself instantly, and
+cried, _'Bozzy!'_ He has a way of contracting the names of his friends.
+Goldsmith feels himself so important now, as to be displeased at it. I
+remember one day, when Tom Davies was telling that Dr. Johnson said, We
+are all in labour for a name to _Goldy's_ play,' Goldsmith cried 'I have
+often desired him not to call me _Goldy[835].'_
+
+Between six and seven we hauled our anchor, and set sail with a fair
+breeze; and, after a pleasant voyage, we got safely and agreeably into
+the harbour of Tobermorie, before the wind rose, which it always has
+done, for some days, about noon.  Tobermorie is an excellent harbour.
+An island lies before it, and it is surrounded by a hilly theatre[836].
+The island is too low, otherwise this would be quite a secure port; but,
+the island not being a sufficient protection, some storms blow very hard
+here. Not long ago, fifteen vessels were blown from their moorings.
+There are sometimes sixty or seventy sail here: to-day there were twelve
+or fourteen vessels. To see such a fleet was the next thing to seeing a
+town. The vessels were from different places; Clyde, Campbelltown,
+Newcastle, &c. One was returning to Lancaster from Hamburgh. After
+having been shut up so long in Col, the sight of such an assemblage of
+moving habitations, containing such a variety of people, engaged in
+different pursuits, gave me much gaiety of spirit. When we had landed,
+Dr. Johnson said, 'Boswell is now all alive. He is like Antaeus; he gets
+new vigour whenever he touches the ground.' I went to the top of a hill
+fronting the harbour, from whence I had a good view of it. We had here a
+tolerable inn. Dr. Johnson had owned to me this morning, that he was out
+of humour. Indeed, he shewed it a good deal in the ship; for when I was
+expressing my joy on the prospect of our landing in Mull, he said, he
+had no joy, when he recollected that it would be five days before he
+should get to the main land. I was afraid he would now take a sudden
+resolution to give up seeing Icolmkill. A dish of tea, and some good
+bread and butter, did him service, and his bad humour went off. I told
+him, that I was diverted to hear all the people whom we had visited in
+our tour, say, _'Honest man!_ he's pleased with every thing; he's always
+content!'--'Little do they know,' said I. He laughed, and said, 'You
+rogue[837]!'
+
+We sent to hire horses to carry us across the island of Mull to the
+shore opposite to Inchkenneth, the residence of Sir Allan M'Lean, uncle
+to young Col, and Chief of the M'Leans, to whose house we intended to go
+the next day. Our friend Col went to visit his aunt, the wife of Dr.
+Alexander M'Lean, a physician, who lives about a mile from Tobermorie.
+
+Dr. Johnson and I sat by ourselves at the inn, and talked a good deal. I
+told him, that I had found, in Leandro Alberti's Description of Italy,
+much of what Addison has given us in his _Remarks_[838]. He said, 'The
+collection of passages from the Classicks has been made by another
+Italian: it is, however, impossible to detect a man as a plagiary in
+such a case, because all who set about making such a collection must
+find the same passages; but, if you find the same applications in
+another book, then Addison's learning in his _Remarks_ tumbles down. It
+is a tedious book; and, if it were not attached to Addison's previous
+reputation, one would not think much of it. Had he written nothing else,
+his name would not have lived. Addison does not seem to have gone deep
+in Italian literature: he shews nothing of it in his subsequent
+writings. He shews a great deal of French learning. There is, perhaps,
+more knowledge circulated in the French language than in any other[839].
+There is more original knowledge in English.' 'But the French (said I)
+have the art of accommodating[840] literature.' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir: we
+have no such book as Moreri's _Dictionary_[841].' BOSWELL. 'Their
+_Ana_[842] are good.' JOHNSON. 'A few of them are good; but we have one
+book of that kind better than any of them; Selden's _Table-talk_. As to
+original literature, the French have a couple of tragick poets who go
+round the world, Racine and Corneille, and one comick poet, Moliere.'
+BOSWELL. 'They have Fenelon.' JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, _Telemachus_ is pretty
+well.' BOSWELL. 'And Voltaire, Sir.' JOHNSON. 'He has not stood his
+trial yet. And what makes Voltaire chiefly circulate is collection; such
+as his _Universal History_.' BOSWELL. 'What do you say to the Bishop of
+Meaux?' JOHNSON. 'Sir, nobody reads him[843].' He would not allow
+Massilon and Bourdaloue to go round the world. In general, however, he
+gave the French much praise for their industry.
+
+He asked me whether he had mentioned, in any of the papers of the
+_Rambler_, the description in Virgil of the entrance into Hell, with an
+application to the press; 'for (said he) I do not much remember them.' I
+told him, 'No.' Upon which he repeated it:--
+
+     'Vestibulum ante ipsum, primisque in faucibus orci,
+      Luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae;
+      Pallentesque habitant Morbi, tristisque Senectus,
+      Et metus, et malesuada Fames, et turpis Egestas,
+      Terribiles visu formae; Lethumque, Laborque[844].'
+
+'Now, (said he) almost all these apply exactly to an authour: all these
+are the concomitants of a printing-house. I proposed to him to dictate
+an essay on it, and offered to write it. He said, he would not do it
+then, but perhaps would write one at some future period.
+
+The Sunday evening that we sat by ourselves at Aberdeen, I asked him
+several particulars of his life, from his early years, which he readily
+told me; and I wrote them down before him. This day I proceeded in my
+inquiries, also writing them in his presence. I have them on detached
+sheets. I shall collect authentick materials for THE LIFE OF SAMUEL
+JOHNSON, LL.D.; and, if I survive him, I shall be one who will most
+faithfully do honour to his memory. I have now a vast treasure of his
+conversation, at different times, since the year 1762[845], when I first
+obtained his acquaintance; and, by assiduous inquiry, I can make up for
+not knowing him sooner[846].
+
+A Newcastle ship-master, who happened to be in the house, intruded
+himself upon us. He was much in liquor, and talked nonsense about his
+being a man for _Wilkes and Liberty_, and against the ministry. Dr.
+Johnson was angry, that 'a fellow should come into _our_ company, who
+was fit for _no_ company.' He left us soon.
+
+Col returned from his aunt, and told us, she insisted that we should
+come to her house that night. He introduced to us Mr. Campbell, the Duke
+of Argyle's factor in Tyr-yi. He was a genteel, agreeable man. He was
+going to Inverary, and promised to put letters into the post-office for
+us[847]. I now found that Dr. Johnson's desire to get on the main land,
+arose from his anxiety to have an opportunity of conveying letters to
+his friends.
+
+After dinner, we proceeded to Dr. M'Lean's, which was about a mile from
+our inn. He was not at home, but we were received by his lady and
+daughter, who entertained us so well, that Dr. Johnson seemed quite
+happy. When we had supped, he asked me to give him some paper to write
+letters. I begged he would write short ones, and not _expatiate_, as we
+ought to set off early. He was irritated by this, and said, 'What must
+be done; must be done: the thing is past a joke.' 'Nay, Sir, (said I,)
+write as much as you please; but do not blame me, if we are kept six
+days before we get to the main land. You were very impatient in the
+morning: but no sooner do you find yourself in good quarters, than you
+forget that you are to move.' I got him paper enough, and we parted in
+good humour.
+
+Let me now recollect whatever particulars I have omitted. In the morning
+I said to him, before we landed at Tobermorie, 'We shall see Dr. M'Lean,
+who has written _The History of the M'Leans'_. JOHNSON. 'I have no great
+patience to stay to hear the history of the M'Leans. I would rather hear
+the History of the Thrales.' When on Mull, I said, 'Well, Sir, this is
+the fourth of the Hebrides that we have been upon.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, we
+cannot boast of the number we have seen. We thought we should see many
+more. We thought of sailing about easily from island to island; and so
+we should, had we come at a better season[848]; but we, being wise men,
+thought it would be summer all the year where _we_ were. However, Sir,
+we have seen enough to give us a pretty good notion of the system of
+insular life.'
+
+Let me not forget, that he sometimes amused himself with very slight
+reading; from which, however, his conversation shewed that he contrived
+to extract some benefit. At Captain M'Lean's he read a good deal in _The
+Charmer_, a collection of songs[849].
+
+We this morning found that we could not proceed, there being a violent
+storm of wind and rain, and the rivers being impassable. When I
+expressed my discontent at our confinement, Dr. Johnson said, 'Now that
+I have had an opportunity of writing to the main land, I am in no such
+haste.' I was amused with his being so easily satisfied; for the truth
+was, that the gentleman who was to convey our letters, as I was now
+informed, was not to set out for Inverary for some time; so that it was
+probable we should be there as soon as he: however, I did not undeceive
+my friend, but suffered him to enjoy his fancy.
+
+Dr. Johnson asked, in the evening, to see Dr. M'Lean's books. He took
+down Willis _de Anima Brutorum_[850], and pored over it a good deal.
+
+Miss M'Lean produced some Erse poems by John M'Lean, who was a famous
+bard in Mull, and had died only a few years ago. He could neither read
+nor write. She read and translated two of them; one, a kind of elegy on
+Sir John M'Lean's being obliged to fly his country in 1715; another, a
+dialogue between two Roman Catholick young ladies, sisters, whether it
+was better to be a nun or to marry. I could not perceive much poetical
+imagery in the translation. Yet all of our company who understood Erse,
+seemed charmed with the original. There may, perhaps, be some choice of
+expression, and some excellence of arrangement, that cannot be shewn in
+translation.
+
+After we had exhausted the Erse poems, of which Dr. Johnson said
+nothing, Miss M'Lean gave us several tunes on a spinnet, which, though
+made so long ago as in 1667, was still very well toned. She sung along
+with it. Dr. Johnson seemed pleased with the musick, though he owns he
+neither likes it, nor has hardly any perception of it. At Mr.
+M'Pherson's, in Slate, he told us, that 'he knew a drum from a trumpet,
+and a bagpipe from a guittar, which was about the extent of his
+knowledge of musick.' To-night he said, that, 'if he had learnt musick,
+he should have been afraid he would have done nothing else but play. It
+was a method of employing the mind without the labour of thinking at
+all, and with some applause from a man's self[851].'
+
+We had the musick of the bagpipe every day, at Armidale, Dunvegan, and
+Col. Dr. Johnson appeared fond of it, and used often to stand for some
+time with his ear close to the great drone.
+
+The penurious gentleman of our acquaintance, formerly alluded to[852],
+afforded us a topick of conversation to-night. Dr. Johnson said, I ought
+to write down a collection of the instances of his narrowness, as they
+almost exceeded belief. Col told us, that O'Kane, the famous Irish
+harper, was once at that gentleman's house. He could not find in his
+heart to give him any money, but gave him a key for a harp, which was
+finely ornamented with gold and silver, and with a precious stone, and
+was worth eighty or a hundred guineas. He did not know the value of it;
+and when he came to know it, he would fain have had it back; but O'Kane
+took care that he should not. JOHNSON. 'They exaggerate the value; every
+body is so desirous that he should be fleeced. I am very willing it
+should be worth eighty or a hundred guineas; but I do not believe it.'
+BOSWELL. 'I do not think O'Kane was obliged to give it back.' JOHNSON.
+'No, Sir. If a man with his eyes open, and without any means used to
+deceive him, gives me a thing, I am not to let him have it again when he
+grows wiser. I like to see how avarice defeats itself: how, when
+avoiding to part with money, the miser gives something more valuable.'
+Col said, the gentleman's relations were angry at his giving away the
+harp-key, for it had been long in the family. JOHNSON. 'Sir, he values a
+new guinea more than an old friend.'
+
+Col also told us, that the same person having come up with a serjeant
+and twenty men, working on the high road, he entered into discourse with
+the serjeant, and then gave him sixpence for the men to drink. The
+serjeant asked, 'Who is this fellow?'. Upon being informed, he said, 'If
+I had known who he was, I should have thrown it in his face.' JOHNSON.
+'There is much want of sense in all this. He had no business to speak
+with the serjeant. He might have been in haste, and trotted on. He has
+not learnt to be a miser: I believe we must take him apprentice.'
+BOSWELL. 'He would grudge giving half a guinea to be taught.' JOHNSON.
+'Nay, Sir, you must teach him _gratis_. You must give him an opportunity
+to practice your precepts.'
+
+Let me now go back, and glean _Johnsoniana_. The Saturday before we
+sailed from Slate, I sat awhile in the afternoon, with Dr. Johnson in
+his room, in a quiet serious frame. I observed, that hardly any man was
+accurately prepared for dying; but almost every one left something
+undone, something in confusion; that my father, indeed, told me he knew
+one man, (Carlisle of Limekilns,) after whose death all his papers were
+found in exact order; and nothing was omitted in his will. JOHNSON.
+'Sir, I had an uncle who died so; but such attention requires great
+leisure, and great firmness of mind. If one was to think constantly of
+death, the business of life would stand still. I am no friend to making
+religion appear too hard. Many good people have done harm by giving
+severe notions of it. In the same way, as to learning: I never frighten
+young people with difficulties; on the contrary, I tell them that they
+may very easily get as much as will do very well. I do not indeed tell
+them that they will be _Bentleys_!
+
+The night we rode to Col's house, I said, 'Lord Elibank is probably
+wondering what is become of us.' JOHNSON. 'No, no; he is not thinking of
+us.' BOSWELL. 'But recollect the warmth with which he wrote[853]. Are we
+not to believe a man, when he says he has a great desire to see another?
+Don't you believe that I was very impatient for your coming to
+Scotland?' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; I believe you were; and I was impatient
+to come to you. A young man feels so, but seldom an old man.' I however
+convinced him that Lord Elibank, who has much of the spirit of a young
+man, might feel so. He asked me if our jaunt had answered expectation. I
+said it had much exceeded it. I expected much difficulty with him, and
+had not found it. 'And (he added) wherever we have come, we have been
+received like princes in their progress.'
+
+He said, he would not wish not to be disgusted in the Highlands; for
+that would be to lose the power of distinguishing, and a man might then
+lie down in the middle of them. He wished only to conceal his disgust.
+
+At Captain M'Lean's, I mentioned Pope's friend, Spence. JOHNSON. 'He was
+a weak conceited man[854].' BOSWELL. 'A good scholar, Sir?' JOHNSON.
+'Why, no, Sir.' BOSWELL. 'He was a pretty scholar.' JOHNSON. 'You have
+about reached him.'
+
+Last night at the inn, when the factor in Tyr-yi spoke of his having
+heard that a roof was put on some part of the buildings at Icolmkill, I
+unluckily said, 'It will be fortunate if we find a cathedral with a roof
+on it.' I said this from a foolish anxiety to engage Dr. Johnson's
+curiosity more. He took me short at once. 'What, Sir? how can you talk
+so? If we shall _find_ a cathedral roofed! as if we were going to a
+_terra incognita_; when every thing that is at Icolmkill is so well
+known. You are like some New-England-men who came to the mouth of the
+Thames. "Come, (say they,) let us go up and see what sort of inhabitants
+there are here." They talked, Sir, as if they had been to go up the
+Susquehannah, or any other American river.'
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, OCTOBER 16.
+
+This day there was a new moon, and the weather changed for the better.
+Dr. Johnson said of Miss M'Lean, 'She is the most accomplished lady that
+I have found in the Highlands. She knows French, musick, and drawing,
+sews neatly, makes shellwork, and can milk cows; in short, she can do
+every thing. She talks sensibly, and is the first person whom I have
+found, that can translate Erse poetry literally[855].' We set out,
+mounted on little Mull horses. Mull corresponded exactly with the idea
+which I had always had of it; a hilly country, diversified with heath
+and grass, and many rivulets. Dr. Johnson was not in very good humour.
+He said, it was a dreary country, much worse than Sky. I differed from
+him. 'O, Sir, (said he,) a most dolorous country[856]!'
+
+We had a very hard journey to-day. I had no bridle for my sheltie, but
+only a halter; and Joseph rode without a saddle. At one place, a loch
+having swelled over the road, we were obliged to plunge through pretty
+deep water. Dr. Johnson observed, how helpless a man would be, were he
+travelling here alone, and should meet with any accident; and said, 'he
+longed to get to _a country of saddles and bridles_' He was more out of
+humour to-day, than he has been in the course of our Tour, being fretted
+to find that his little horse could scarcely support his weight; and
+having suffered a loss, which, though small in itself, was of some
+consequence to him, while travelling the rugged steeps of Mull, where he
+was at times obliged to walk. The loss that I allude to was that of the
+large oak-stick, which, as I formerly mentioned, he had brought with him
+from London[857]. It was of great use to him in our wild peregrination;
+for, ever since his last illness in 1766[858], he has had a weakness in
+his knees, and has not been able to walk easily. It had too the
+properties of a measure; for one nail was driven into it at the length
+of a foot; another at that of a yard. In return for the services it had
+done him, he said, this morning he would make a present of it to some
+Museum; but he little thought he was so soon to lose it. As he
+preferred riding with a switch, it was entrusted to a fellow to be
+delivered to our baggage-man, who followed us at some distance; but we
+never saw it more. I could not persuade him out of a suspicion that it
+had been stolen. 'No, no, my friend, (said he,) it is not to be expected
+that any man in Mull, who has got it, will part with it. Consider, Sir,
+the value of such a _piece of timber_ here!'
+
+As we travelled this forenoon, we met Dr. McLean, who expressed much
+regret at his having been so unfortunate as to be absent while we were
+at his house.
+
+We were in hopes to get to Sir Allan Maclean's at Inchkenneth, to-night;
+but the eight miles, of which our road was said to consist, were so very
+long, that we did not reach the opposite coast of Mull till seven at
+night, though we had set out about eleven in the forenoon; and when we
+did arrive there, we found the wind strong against us. Col determined
+that we should pass the night at M'Quarrie's, in the island of Ulva,
+which lies between Mull and Inchkenneth; and a servant was sent forward
+to the ferry, to secure the boat for us; but the boat was gone to the
+Ulva side, and the wind was so high that the people could not hear him
+call; and the night so dark that they could not see a signal. We should
+have been in a very bad situation, had there not fortunately been lying
+in the little sound of Ulva an Irish vessel, the Bonnetta, of
+Londonderry, Captain M'Lure, master. He himself was at M'Quarrie's; but
+his men obligingly came with their long-boat, and ferried us over.
+M'Quarrie's house was mean; but we were agreeably surprized with the
+appearance of the master, whom we found to be intelligent, polite, and
+much a man of the world. Though his clan is not numerous, he is a very
+ancient Chief, and has a burial place at Icolmkill. He told us, his
+family had possessed Ulva for nine hundred years; but I was distressed
+to hear that it was soon to be sold for payment of his debts.
+
+Captain M'Lure, whom we found here, was of Scotch extraction, and
+properly a McLeod, being descended of some of the M'Leods who went with
+Sir Normand of Bernera to the battle of Worcester; and after the defeat
+of the royalists, fled to Ireland, and, to conceal themselves, took a
+different name. He told me, there was a great number of them about
+Londonderry; some of good property. I said, they should now resume
+their real name. The Laird of M'Leod should go over, and assemble them,
+and make them all drink the large horn full[859], and from that time
+they should be M'Leods. The captain informed us, he had named his ship
+the Bonnetta, out of gratitude to Providence; for once, when he was
+sailing to America with a good number of passengers, the ship in which
+he then sailed was becalmed for five weeks, and during all that time,
+numbers of the fish Bonnetta swam close to her, and were caught for
+food; he resolved therefore, that the ship he should next get, should be
+called the Bonnetta.
+
+M'Quarrie told us a strong instance of the second sight. He had gone to
+Edinburgh, and taken a man-servant along with him. An old woman, who was
+in the house, said one day, 'M'Quarrie will be at home to-morrow, and
+will bring two gentlemen with him;' and she said, she saw his servant
+return in red and green. He did come home next day. He had two gentlemen
+with him; and his servant had a new red and green livery, which
+M'Quarrie had bought for him at Edinburgh, upon a sudden thought, not
+having the least intention when he left home to put his servant in
+livery; so that the old woman could not have heard any previous mention
+of it. This, he assured us, was a true story.
+
+M'Quarrie insisted that the _Mercheta Mulierum_, mentioned in our old
+charters, did really mean the privilege which a lord of the manor, or a
+baron, had, to have the first night of all his vassals' wives. Dr.
+Johnson said, the belief of such a custom having existed was also held
+in England, where there is a tenure called _Borough English_, by which
+the eldest child does not inherit, from a doubt of his being the son of
+the tenant[860]. M'Quarrie told us, that still, on the marriage of each
+of his tenants, a sheep is due to him; for which the composition is
+fixed at five shillings[861]. I suppose, Ulva is the only place where
+this custom remains.
+
+Talking of the sale of an estate of an ancient family, which was said to
+have been purchased much under its value by the confidential lawyer of
+that family, and it being mentioned that the sale would probably be set
+aside by a suit in equity, Dr. Johnson said, 'I am very willing that
+this sale should be set aside, but I doubt much whether the suit will be
+successful; for the argument for avoiding the sale is founded on vague
+and indeterminate principles, as that the price was too low, and that
+there was a great degree of confidence placed by the seller in the
+person who became the purchaser. Now, how low should a price be? or what
+degree of confidence should there be to make a bargain be set aside? a
+bargain, which is a wager of skill between man and man. If, indeed, any
+fraud can be proved, that will do.'
+
+When Dr. Johnson and I were by ourselves at night, I observed of our
+host, '_aspectum generosum habet;'--'et generosum animum_', he added.
+For fear of being overheard in the small Highland houses, I often talked
+to him in such Latin as I could speak, and with as much of the English
+accent as I could assume, so as not to be understood, in case our
+conversation should be too loud for the space.
+
+We had each an elegant bed in the same room; and here it was that a
+circumstance occurred, as to which he has been strangely misunderstood.
+From his description of his chamber, it has erroneously been supposed,
+that his bed being too short for him, his feet during the night were in
+the mire; whereas he has only said, that when he undressed, he felt his
+feet in the mire: that is, the clay-floor of the room, on which he stood
+upon before he went into bed, was wet, in consequence of the windows
+being broken, which let in the rain[862].
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, OCTOBER 17.
+
+Being informed that there was nothing worthy of observation in Ulva, we
+took boat, and proceeded to Inchkenneth, where we were introduced by our
+friend Col to Sir Allan M'Lean, the Chief of his clan, and to two young
+ladies, his daughters. Inchkenneth is a pretty little island, a mile
+long, and about half a mile broad, all good land[863].
+
+As we walked up from the shore, Dr. Johnson's heart was cheered by the
+sight of a road marked with cart-wheels, as on the main land; a thing
+which we had not seen for a long time. It gave us a pleasure similar to
+that which a traveller feels, when, whilst wandering on what he fears is
+a desert island, he perceives the print of human feet.  Military men
+acquire excellent habits of having all conveniences about them. Sir
+Allan M'Lean, who had been long in the army, and had now a lease of the
+island, had formed a commodious habitation, though it consisted but of a
+few small buildings, only one story high[864]. He had, in his little
+apartments, more things than I could enumerate in a page or two.
+
+Among other agreeable circumstances, it was not the least, to find here
+a parcel of the _Caledonian Mercury_, published since we left Edinburgh;
+which I read with that pleasure which every man feels who has been for
+some time secluded from the animated scenes of the busy world.
+
+Dr. Johnson found books here. He bade me buy Bishop Gastrell's
+_Christian Institutes_[865], which was lying in the room. He said, 'I do
+not like to read any thing on a Sunday, but what is theological; not
+that I would scrupulously refuse to look at any thing which a friend
+should shew me in a newspaper; but in general, I would read only what is
+theological. I read just now some of Drummond's _Travels_[866], before I
+perceived what books were here. I then took up Derham's
+_Physico-Theology_[867].'
+
+Every particular concerning this island having been so well described by
+Dr. Johnson, it would be superfluous in me to present the publick with
+the observations that I made upon it, in my _Journal_.
+
+I was quite easy with Sir Allan almost instantaneously. He knew the
+great intimacy that had been between my father and his predecessor, Sir
+Hector, and was himself of a very frank disposition. After dinner, Sir
+Allan said he had got Dr. Campbell about an hundred subscribers to his
+_Britannia Elucidata_, (a work since published under the title of _A
+Political Survey of Great Britain_[868],) of whom he believed twenty
+were dead, the publication having been so long delayed. JOHNSON. 'Sir, I
+imagine the delay of publication is owing to this;--that, after
+publication, there will be no more subscribers, and few will send the
+additional guinea to get their books: in which they will be wrong; for
+there will be a great deal of instruction in the work. I think highly of
+Campbell[869]. In the first place, he has very good parts. In the second
+place, he has very extensive reading; not, perhaps, what is properly
+called learning, but history, politicks, and, in short, that popular
+knowledge which makes a man very useful. In the third place, he has
+learned much by what is called the _vox viva_. He talks with a great
+many people.'
+
+Speaking of this gentleman, at Rasay, he told us, that he one day called
+on him, and they talked of Tull's _Husbandry_[870]. Dr. Campbell said
+something. Dr. Johnson began to dispute it. 'Come, (said Dr. Campbell,)
+we do not want to get the better of one another: we want to encrease
+each other's ideas.' Dr. Johnson took it in good part, and the
+conversation then went on coolly and instructively. His candour in
+relating this anecdote does him much credit, and his conduct on that
+occasion proves how easily he could be persuaded to talk from a better
+motive than 'for victory[871].'
+
+Dr. Johnson here shewed so much of the spirit of a Highlander, that he
+won Sir Allan's heart: indeed, he has shewn it during the whole of our
+Tour. One night, in Col, he strutted about the room with a broad sword
+and target, and made a formidable appearance; and, another night, I took
+the liberty to put a large blue bonnet on his head. His age, his size,
+and his bushy grey wig, with this covering on it, presented the image
+of a venerable _Senachi_[872]: and, however unfavourable to the Lowland
+Scots, he seemed much pleased to assume the appearance of an ancient
+Caledonian. We only regretted that he could not be prevailed with to
+partake of the social glass. One of his arguments against drinking,
+appears to me not convincing. He urged, that 'in proportion as drinking
+makes a man different from what he is before he has drunk, it is bad;
+because it has so far affected his reason.' But may it not be answered,
+that a man may be altered by it _for the better_; that his spirits may
+be exhilarated, without his reason being affected[873]. On the general
+subject of drinking, however, I do not mean positively to take the other
+side. I am _dubius, non improbus_.
+
+In the evening, Sir Allan informed us that it was the custom of his
+house to have prayers every Sunday; and Miss M'Lean read the evening
+service, in which we all joined. I then read Ogden's second and ninth
+_Sermons on Prayer_, which, with their other distinguished excellence,
+have the merit of being short. Dr. Johnson said, that it was the most
+agreeable Sunday he had ever passed[874]; and it made such an impression
+on his mind, that he afterwards wrote the following Latin verses upon
+Inchkenneth[875]:--
+
+     INSULA SANCTI KENNETHI.
+
+     Parva quidem regio, sed relligione priorum
+       Nota, Caledonias panditur inter aquas;
+     Voce ubi Cennethus populos domuisse feroces
+       Dicitur, et vanos dedocuisse deos.
+     Hue ego delatus placido per coerula cursu
+       Scire locum volui quid daret ille novi.
+     Illic Leniades humili regnabat in aula,
+       Leniades magnis nobilitatus avis:
+     Una duas habuit casa cum genitore puellas,
+       Quas Amor undarum fingeret esse deas:
+     Non tamen inculti gelidis latuere sub antris,
+       Accola Danubii qualia saevus habet;
+     Mollia non decrant vacuae solatia vitae,
+       Sive libros poscant otia, sive lyram.
+     Luxerat ilia dies, legis gens docta supernae
+       Spes hominum ac curas cum procul esse jubet,
+     Ponti inter strepitus sacri non munera cultus
+       Cessarunt; pietas hic quoque cura fuit:
+     Quid quod sacrifici versavit femina libros,
+       Legitimas faciunt pectora pura preces[876].
+     Quo vagor ulterius? quod ubique requiritur hic est;
+       Hic secura quies, hic et honestus amor[877].
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, OCTOBER 18.
+
+We agreed to pass this day with Sir Allan, and he engaged to have every
+thing in order for our voyage to-morrow.
+
+Being now soon to be separated from our amiable friend young Col, his
+merits were all remembered. At Ulva he had appeared in a new character,
+having given us a good prescription for a cold. On my mentioning him
+with warmth, Dr. Johnson said, 'Col does every thing for us: we will
+erect a statue to Col.' 'Yes, said I, and we will have him with his
+various attributes and characters, like Mercury, or any other of the
+heathen gods. We will have him as a pilot; we will have him as a
+fisherman, as a hunter, as a husbandman, as a physician.'
+
+I this morning took a spade, and dug a little grave in the floor of a
+ruined chapel[878], near Sir Allan M'Lean's house, in which I buried
+some human bones I found there. Dr. Johnson praised me for what I had
+done, though he owned, he could not have done it. He shewed in the
+chapel at Rasay[879] his horrour at dead men's bones. He shewed it again
+at Col's house. In the Charter-room there was a remarkable large
+shin-bone, which was said to have been a bone of _John Garve_[880], one
+of the lairds. Dr. Johnson would not look at it; but started away.
+
+At breakfast, I asked, 'What is the reason that we are angry at a
+trader's having opulence[881]?' JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, the reason is,
+(though I don't undertake to prove that there is a reason,) we see no
+qualities in trade that should entitle a man to superiority. We are not
+angry at a soldier's getting riches, because we see that he possesses
+qualities which we have not. If a man returns from a battle, having lost
+one hand, and with the other full of gold, we feel that he deserves the
+gold; but we cannot think that a fellow, by sitting all day at a desk,
+is entitled to get above us.' BOSWELL. 'But, Sir, may we not suppose a
+merchant to be a man of an enlarged mind, such as Addison in the
+_Spectator_ describes Sir Andrew Freeport to have been?' JOHNSON. 'Why,
+Sir, we may suppose any fictitious character. We may suppose a
+philosophical day-labourer, who is happy in reflecting that, by his
+labour, he contributes to the fertility of the earth, and to the support
+of his fellow-creatures; but we find no such philosophical day-labourer.
+A merchant may, perhaps, be a man of an enlarged mind; but there is
+nothing in trade connected with an enlarged mind[882].'
+
+I mentioned that I had heard Dr. Solander say he was a Swedish
+Laplander[883]. JOHNSON. 'Sir, I don't believe he is a Laplander. The
+Laplanders are not much above four feet high. He is as tall as you; and
+he has not the copper colour of a Laplander.' BOSWELL. 'But what motive
+could he have to make himself a Laplander?' JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, he must
+either mean the word Laplander in a very extensive sense, or may mean a
+voluntary degradation of himself. "For all my being the great man that
+you see me now, I was originally a Barbarian;" as if Burke should say,
+"I came over a wild Irishman." Which he might say in his present state
+of exaltation.'
+
+Having expressed a desire to have an island like Inchkenneth, Dr.
+Johnson set himself to think what would be necessary for a man in such a
+situation. 'Sir, I should build me a fortification, if I came to live
+here; for, if you have it not, what should hinder a parcel of ruffians
+to land in the night, and carry off every thing you have in the house,
+which, in a remote country, would be more valuable than cows and sheep?
+add to all this the danger of having your throat cut.' BOSWELL. 'I would
+have a large dog.' JOHNSON. 'So you may, Sir; but a large dog is of no
+use but to alarm.' He, however, I apprehend, thinks too lightly of the
+power of that animal. I have heard him say, that he is afraid of no dog.
+'He would take him up by the hinder legs, which would render him quite
+helpless,--and then knock his head against a stone, and beat out his
+brains.' Topham Beauclerk told me, that at his house in the country, two
+large ferocious dogs were fighting. Dr. Johnson looked steadily at them
+for a little while; and then, as one would separate two little boys, who
+were foolishly hurting each other, he ran up to them, and cuffed their
+heads till he drove them asunder[884]. But few men have his intrepidity,
+Herculean strength, or presence of mind. Most thieves or robbers would
+be afraid to encounter a mastiff.
+
+I observed, that, when young Col talked of the lands belonging to his
+family, he always said, '_my_ lands[885].' For this he had a plausible
+pretence; for he told me, there has been a custom in this family, that
+the laird resigns the estate to the eldest son when he comes of age,
+reserving to himself only a certain life-rent. He said, it was a
+voluntary custom; but I think I found an instance in the charter-room,
+that there was such an obligation in a contract of marriage. If the
+custom was voluntary, it was only curious; but if founded on obligation,
+it might be dangerous; for I have been told, that in Otaheité, whenever
+a child is born, (a son, I think,) the father loses his right to the
+estate and honours, and that this unnatural, or rather absurd custom,
+occasions the murder of many children.
+
+Young Col told us he could run down a greyhound; 'for, (said he,) the
+dog runs himself out of breath, by going too quick, and then I get up
+with him[886].' I accounted for his advantage over the dog, by remarking
+that Col had the faculty of reason, and knew how to moderate his pace,
+which the dog had not sense enough to do. Dr. Johnson said, 'He is a
+noble animal. He is as complete an islander as the mind can figure. He
+is a farmer, a sailor, a hunter, a fisher: he will run you down a dog:
+if any man has a _tail_[887], it is Col. He is hospitable; and he has an
+intrepidity of talk, whether he understands the subject or not. I regret
+that he is not more intellectual.'
+
+Dr. Johnson observed, that there was nothing of which he would not
+undertake to persuade a Frenchman in a foreign country. 'I'll carry a
+Frenchman to St. Paul's Church-yard, and I'll tell him, "by our law you
+may walk half round the church; but, if you walk round the whole, you
+will be punished capitally," and he will believe me at once. Now, no
+Englishman would readily swallow such a thing: he would go and inquire
+of somebody else[888].' The Frenchman's credulity, I observed, must be
+owing to his being accustomed to implicit submission; whereas every
+Englishman reasons upon the laws of his country, and instructs his
+representatives, who compose the legislature.  This day was passed in
+looking at a small island adjoining Inchkenneth, which afforded nothing
+worthy of observation; and in such social and gay entertainments as our
+little society could furnish.
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, OCTOBER 19.
+
+After breakfast we took leave of the young ladies, and of our excellent
+companion Col, to whom we had been so much obliged. He had now put us
+under the care of his Chief; and was to hasten back to Sky. We parted
+from him with very strong feelings of kindness and gratitude; and we
+hoped to have had some future opportunity of proving to him the
+sincerity of what we felt; but in the following year he was
+unfortunately lost in the Sound between Ulva and Mull[889]; and this
+imperfect memorial, joined to the high honour of being tenderly and
+respectfully mentioned by Dr. Johnson, is the only return which the
+uncertainty of human events has permitted us to make to this deserving
+young man.
+
+Sir Allan, who obligingly undertook to accompany us to Icolmkill[890],
+had a strong good boat, with four stout rowers. We coasted along Mull
+till we reached _Gribon_, where is what is called Mackinnon's cave,
+compared with which that at Ulinish[891] is inconsiderable. It is in a
+rock of a great height, close to the sea. Upon the left of its entrance
+there is a cascade, almost perpendicular from the top to the bottom of
+the rock. There is a tradition that it was conducted thither
+artificially, to supply the inhabitants of the cave with water. Dr.
+Johnson gave no credit to this tradition. As, on the one hand, his faith
+in the Christian religion is firmly founded upon good grounds; so, on
+the other, he is incredulous when there is no sufficient reason for
+belief[892]; being in this respect just the reverse of modern infidels,
+who, however nice and scrupulous in weighing the evidences of religion,
+are yet often so ready to believe the most absurd and improbable tales
+of another nature, that Lord Hailes well observed, a good essay might be
+written _Sur la crédulité des Incrédules_.
+
+The height of this cave I cannot tell with any tolerable exactness; but
+it seemed to be very lofty, and to be a pretty regular arch. We
+penetrated, by candlelight, a great way; by our measurement, no less
+than four hundred and eighty-five feet. Tradition says, that a piper and
+twelve men once advanced into this cave, nobody can tell how far; and
+never returned. At the distance to which we proceeded the air was quite
+pure; for the candle burned freely, without the least appearance of the
+flame growing globular; but as we had only one, we thought it dangerous
+to venture farther, lest, should it have been extinguished, we should
+have had no means of ascertaining whether we could remain without
+danger. Dr. Johnson said, this was the greatest natural curiosity he had
+ever seen.
+
+We saw the island of Staffa, at no very great distance, but could not
+land upon it, the surge was so high on its rocky coast[893].
+
+Sir Allan, anxious for the honour of Mull, was still talking of its
+_woods_, and pointing them out to Dr. Johnson, as appearing at a
+distance on the skirts of that island, as we sailed along. JOHNSON.
+'Sir, I saw at Tobermorie what they called a wood, which I unluckily
+took for _heath_. If you shew me what I shall take for _furze_, it will
+be something.'
+
+In the afternoon we went ashore on the coast of Mull, and partook of a
+cold repast, which we carried with us. We hoped to have procured some
+rum or brandy for our boatmen and servants, from a publick-house near
+where we landed; but unfortunately a funeral a few days before had
+exhausted all their store[894]. Mr. Campbell, however, one of the Duke
+of Argyle's tacksmen, who lived in the neighbourhood, on receiving a
+message from Sir Allan, sent us a liberal supply.
+
+We continued to coast along Mull, and passed by Nuns' Island, which, it
+is said, belonged to the nuns of Icolmkill, and from which, we were
+told, the stone for the buildings there was taken. As we sailed along by
+moon-light, in a sea somewhat rough, and often between black and gloomy
+rocks, Dr. Johnson said, 'If this be not _roving among the Hebrides_,
+nothing is[895]. The repetition of words which he had so often
+previously used, made a strong impression on my imagination; and, by a
+natural course of thinking, led me to consider how our present
+adventures would appear to me at a future period.
+
+I have often experienced, that scenes through which a man has passed,
+improve by lying in the memory: they grow mellow. _Acti labores sunt
+jucundi_[896]. This may be owing to comparing them with present listless
+ease. Even harsh scenes acquire a softness by length of time[897]; and
+some are like very loud sounds, which do not please, or at least do not
+please so much, till you are removed to a certain distance. They may be
+compared to strong coarse pictures, which will not bear to be viewed
+near. Even pleasing scenes improve by time, and seem more exquisite in
+recollection, than when they were present; if they have not faded to
+dimness in the memory. Perhaps, there is so much evil in every human
+enjoyment, when present,--so much dross mixed with it, that it requires
+to be refined by time; and yet I do not see why time should not melt
+away the good and the evil in equal proportions;--why the shade should
+decay, and the light remain in preservation.
+
+After a tedious sail, which, by our following various turnings of the
+coast of Mull, was extended to about forty miles, it gave us no small
+pleasure to perceive a light in the village at Icolmkill, in which
+almost all the inhabitants of the island live, close to where the
+ancient building stood. As we approached the shore, the tower of the
+cathedral, just discernible in the air, was a picturesque object.
+
+When we had landed upon the sacred place, which, as long as I can
+remember, I had thought on with veneration, Dr. Johnson and I cordially
+embraced. We had long talked of visiting Icolmkill; and, from the
+lateness of the season, were at times very doubtful whether we should be
+able to effect our purpose. To have seen it, even alone, would have
+given me great satisfaction; but the venerable scene was rendered much
+more pleasing by the company of my great and pious friend, who was no
+less affected by it than I was; and who has described the impressions it
+should make on the mind, with such strength of thought, and energy of
+language, that I shall quote his words, as conveying my own sensations
+much more forcibly than I am capable of doing:--
+
+'We were now treading that illustrious Island, which was once the
+luminary of the Caledonian regions, whence savage clans and roving
+barbarians derived the benefits of knowledge, and the blessings of
+religion. To abstract the mind from all local emotion would be
+impossible, if it were endeavoured, and would be foolish if it were
+possible. Whatever withdraws us from the power of our senses, whatever
+makes the past, the distant, or the future, predominate over the
+present, advances us in the dignity of thinking beings. Far from me, and
+from my friends, be such frigid philosophy as may conduct us indifferent
+and unmoved over any ground which has been dignified by wisdom, bravery,
+or virtue. That man is little to be envied, whose patriotism would not
+gain force upon the plain of _Marathon_, or whose piety would not grow
+warmer among the ruins of _Iona_[898]!'
+
+Upon hearing that Sir Allan M'Lean was arrived, the inhabitants, who
+still consider themselves as the people of M'Lean, to whom the island
+formerly belonged, though the Duke of Argyle has at present possession
+of it, ran eagerly to him.
+
+We were accommodated this night in a large barn, the island, affording
+no lodging that we should have liked so well. Some good hay was strewed
+at one end of it, to form a bed for us, upon which we lay with our
+clothes on; and we were furnished with blankets from the village[899].
+Each of us had a portmanteau for a pillow. When I awaked in the morning,
+and looked round me, I could not help smiling at the idea of the chief
+of the M'Leans, the great English Moralist, and myself, lying thus
+extended in such a situation.
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 20.
+
+Early in the morning we surveyed the remains of antiquity at this place,
+accompanied by an illiterate fellow, as _Cicerone_, who called himself a
+descendant of a cousin of Saint Columba, the founder of the religious
+establishment here. As I knew that many persons had already examined
+them, and as I saw Dr. Johnson inspecting and measuring several of the
+ruins of which he has since given so full an account, my mind was
+quiescent; and I resolved to stroll among them at my ease, to take no
+trouble to investigate minutely, and only receive the general impression
+of solemn antiquity, and the particular ideas of such objects as should
+of themselves strike my attention.
+
+We walked from the monastery of Nuns to the great church or cathedral,
+as they call it, along an old broken causeway. They told us, that this
+had been a street; and that there were good houses built on each side.
+Dr. Johnson doubted if it was any thing more than a paved road for the
+nuns. The convent of Monks, the great church, Oran's chapel, and four
+other chapels, are still to be discerned. But I must own that Icolmkill
+did not answer my expectations; for they were high, from what I had read
+of it, and still more from what I had heard and thought of it, from my
+earliest years. Dr. Johnson said, it came up to his expectations,
+because he had taken his impression from an account of it subjoined to
+Sacheverel's _History of the Isle of Man_[900], where it is said, there
+is not much to be seen here. We were both disappointed, when we were
+shewn what are called the monuments of the kings of Scotland, Ireland,
+and Denmark, and of a King of France. There are only some grave-stones
+flat on the earth, and we could see no inscriptions. How far short was
+this of marble monuments, like those in Westminster Abbey, which I had
+imagined here! The grave-stones of Sir Allan M'Lean's family, and of
+that of M'Quarrie, had as good an appearance as the royal grave-stones;
+if they were royal, we doubted.
+
+My easiness to give credit to what I heard in the course of our Tour was
+too great. Dr. Johnson's peculiar accuracy of investigation detected
+much traditional fiction, and many gross mistakes. It is not to be
+wondered at, that he was provoked by people carelessly telling him, with
+the utmost readiness and confidence, what he found, on questioning them
+a little more, was erroneous[901]. Of this there were innumerable
+instances.
+
+I left him and Sir Allan at breakfast in our barn, and stole back again
+to the cathedral, to indulge in solitude and devout meditation[902].
+While contemplating the venerable ruins, I refleeted with much
+satisfaction, that the solemn scenes of piety never lose their sanctity
+and influence, though the cares and follies of life may prevent us from
+visiting them, or may even make us fancy that their effects are only 'as
+yesterday, when it is past[903],' and never again to be perceived. I
+hoped, that, ever after having been in this holy place, I should
+maintain an exemplary conduct. One has a strange propensity to fix upon
+some point of time from whence a better course of life may begin[904].
+
+Being desirous to visit the opposite shore of the island, where Saint
+Columba is said to have landed, I procured a horse from one
+M'Ginnis[905], who ran along as my guide. The M'Ginnises are said to be
+a branch of the clan of M'Lean. Sir Allan had been told that this man
+had refused to send him some rum, at which the knight was in great
+indignation. 'You rascal! (said he,) don't you know that I can hang you,
+if I please?' Not adverting to the Chieftain's power over his clan, I
+imagined that Sir Allan had known of some capital crime that the fellow
+had committed, which he could discover, and so get him condemned; and
+said, 'How so?' 'Why, (said Sir Allan,) are they not all my people?'
+Sensible of my inadvertency, and most willing to contribute what I could
+towards the continuation of feudal authority, 'Very true,' said I. Sir
+Allan went on: 'Refuse to send rum to me, you rascal! Don't you know
+that, if I order you to go and cut a man's throat, you are to do it?'
+'Yes, an't please your honour! and my own too, and hang myself too.' The
+poor fellow denied that he had refused to send the rum. His making these
+professions was not merely a pretence in presence of his Chief; for
+after he and I were out of Sir Allan's hearing, he told me, 'Had he sent
+his dog for the rum, I would have given it: I would cut my bones for
+him.' It was very remarkable to find such an attachment to a Chief,
+though he had then no connection with the island, and had not been there
+for fourteen years. Sir Allan, by way of upbraiding the fellow, said, 'I
+believe you are a _Campbell_.'
+
+The place which I went to see is about two miles from the village. They
+call it _Portawherry_, from the wherry in which Columba came; though,
+when they shew the length of his vessel, as marked on the beach by two
+heaps of stones, they say, 'Here is the length of the _Currach_', using
+the Erse word.
+
+Icolmkill is a fertile island. The inhabitants export some cattle and
+grain; and I was told, they import nothing but iron and salt. They are
+industrious, and make their own woollen and linen cloth; and they brew a
+good deal of beer, which we did not find in any of the other
+islands[906].
+
+We set sail again about mid-day, and in the evening landed on Mull, near
+the house of the Reverend Mr. Neal M'Leod, who having been informed of
+our coming, by a message from Sir Allan, came out to meet us. We were
+this night very agreeably entertained at his house. Dr. Johnson observed
+to me, that he was the cleanest-headed man that he had met with in the
+Western islands. He seemed to be well acquainted with Dr. Johnson's
+writings, and courteously said, 'I have been often obliged to you,
+though I never had the pleasure of seeing you before.'
+
+He told us, he had lived for some time in St. Kilda, under the tuition
+of the minister or catechist there, and had there first read Horace and
+Virgil. The scenes which they describe must have been a strong contrast
+to the dreary waste around him.
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, OCTOBER 21.
+
+This morning the subject of politicks was introduced. JOHNSON. 'Pulteney
+was as paltry a fellow as could be[907]. He was a Whig, who pretended to
+be honest; and you know it is ridiculous for a Whig to pretend to be
+honest. He cannot hold it out[908].' He called Mr. Pitt a meteor; Sir
+Robert Walpole a fixed star[909]. He said, 'It is wonderful to think
+that all the force of government was required to prevent Wilkes from
+being chosen the chief magistrate of London[910], though the liverymen
+knew he would rob their shops,--knew he would debauch their
+daughters[911].'
+
+BOSWELL. 'The History of England is so strange, that, if it were not so
+well vouched as it is, it would hardly be credible.'
+
+JOHNSON. 'Sir, if it were told as shortly, and with as little
+preparation for introducing the different events, as the History of the
+Jewish Kings, it would be equally liable to objections of
+improbability.' Mr. M'Leod was much pleased with the justice and novelty
+of the thought. Dr. Johnson illustrated what he had said, as follows:
+'Take, as an instance, Charles the First's concessions to his
+parliament, which were greater and greater, in proportion as the
+parliament grew more insolent, and less deserving of trust. Had these
+concessions been related nakedly, without any detail of the
+circumstances which generally led to them, they would not have been
+believed.'
+
+Sir Allan M'Lean bragged, that Scotland had the advantage of England, by
+its having more water. JOHNSON. 'Sir, we would not have your water, to
+take the vile bogs which produce it. You have too much! A man who is
+drowned has more water than either of us;'--and then he laughed. (But
+this was surely robust sophistry: for the people of taste in England,
+who have seen Scotland, own that its variety of rivers and lakes makes
+it naturally more beautiful than England, in that respect.) Pursuing his
+victory over Sir Allan, he proceeded: 'Your country consists of two
+things, stone and water. There is, indeed, a little earth above the
+stone in some places, but a very little; and the stone is always
+appearing. It is like a man in rags; the naked skin is still
+peeping out.'
+
+He took leave of Mr. M'Leod, saying, 'Sir, I thank you for your
+entertainment, and your conversation.'
+
+Mr. Campbell, who had been so polite yesterday, came this morning on
+purpose to breakfast with us, and very obligingly furnished us with
+horses to proceed on our journey to Mr. M'Lean's of _Lochbuy_, where we
+were to pass the night. We dined at the house of Dr. Alexander M'Lean,
+another physician in Mull, who was so much struck with the uncommon
+conversation of Dr. Johnson, that he observed to me, 'This man is just a
+_hogshead_ of sense.'
+
+Dr. Johnson said of the _Turkish Spy_[912], which lay in the room, that
+it told nothing but what every body might have known at that time; and
+that what was good in it, did not pay you for the trouble of reading
+to find it.
+
+After a very tedious ride, through what appeared to me the most gloomy
+and desolate country I had ever beheld[913], we arrived, between seven
+and eight o'clock, at May, the seat of the Laird of _Lochbuy_. _Buy_, in
+Erse, signifies yellow, and I at first imagined that the loch or branch
+of the sea here, was thus denominated, in the same manner as the _Red
+Sea_; but I afterwards learned that it derived its name from a hill
+above it, which being of a yellowish hue has the epithet of _Buy_.
+
+We had heard much of Lochbuy's being a great roaring braggadocio, a kind
+of Sir John Falstaff, both in size and manners; but we found that they
+had swelled him up to a fictitious size, and clothed him with imaginary
+qualities. Col's idea of him was equally extravagant, though very
+different: he told us he was quite a Don Quixote; and said, he would
+give a great deal to sec him and Dr. Johnson together. The truth is,
+that Lochbuy proved to be only a bluff, comely, noisy old gentleman,
+proud of his hereditary consequence, and a very hearty and hospitable
+landlord. Lady Lochbuy was sister to Sir Allan M'Lean, but much older.
+He said to me, 'They are quite _Antediluvians_.' Being told that Dr.
+Johnson did not hear well, Lochbuy bawled out to him, 'Are you of the
+Johnstons of Glencro, or of Ardnamurchan[914]?' Dr. Johnson gave him a
+significant look, but made no answer; and I told Lochbuy that he was not
+Johns_ton_, but John_son_, and that he was an Englishman[915].  Lochbuy
+some years ago tried to prove himself a weak man, liable to imposition,
+or, as we term it in Scotland, a _facile_ man, in order to set aside a
+lease which he had granted; but failed in the attempt. On my mentioning
+this circumstance to Dr. Johnson, he seemed much surprized that such a
+suit was admitted by the Scottish law, and observed, that 'In England no
+man is allowed to _stultify_ himself[916].'
+
+Sir Allan, Lochbuy, and I, had the conversation chiefly to ourselves
+to-night: Dr. Johnson, being extremely weary, went to bed soon
+after supper.
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, OCTOBER 22.
+
+Before Dr. Johnson came to breakfast, Lady Lochbuy said, 'he was a
+_dungeon_ of wit;' a very common phrase in Scotland to express a
+profoundness of intellect, though he afterwards told me, that he never
+had heard it. She proposed that he should have some cold sheep's-head
+for breakfast. Sir Allan seemed displeased at his sister's vulgarity,
+and wondered how such a thought should come into her head. From a
+mischievous love of sport, I took the lady's part; and very gravely
+said, 'I think it is but fair to give him an offer of it. If he does not
+choose it, he may let it alone.' 'I think so,' said the lady, looking at
+her brother with an air of victory. Sir Allan, finding the matter
+desperate, strutted about the room, and took snuff. When Dr. Johnson
+came in, she called to him, 'Do you choose any cold sheep's-head, Sir?'
+'No, MADAM,' said he, with a tone of surprise and anger[917]. 'It is
+here, Sir,' said she, supposing he had refused it to save the trouble of
+bringing it in. They thus went on at cross purposes, till he confirmed
+his refusal in a manner not to be misunderstood; while I sat quietly by,
+and enjoyed my success.
+
+After breakfast, we surveyed the old castle, in the pit or dungeon of
+which Lochbuy had some years before taken upon him to imprison several
+persons[918]; and though he had been fined in a considerable sum by the
+Court of Justiciary, he was so little affected by it, that while we were
+examining the dungeon, he said to me, with a smile, 'Your father knows
+something of this;' (alluding to my father's having sat as one of the
+judges on his trial.) Sir Allan whispered me, that the laird could not
+be persuaded that he had lost his heritable jurisdiction[919].
+
+We then set out for the ferry, by which we were to cross to the main
+land of Argyleshire. Lochbuy and Sir Allan accompanied us. We were told
+much of a war-saddle, on which this reputed Don Quixote used to be
+mounted; but we did not see it, for the young laird had applied it to a
+less noble purpose, having taken it to Falkirk fair _with a drove of
+black cattle._ We bade adieu to Lochbuy, and to our very kind
+conductor[920], Sir Allan M'Lean, on the shore of Mull, and then got
+into the ferry-boat, the bottom of which was strewed with branches of
+trees or bushes, upon which we sat. We had a good day and a fine
+passage, and in the evening landed at Oban, where we found a tolerable
+inn. After having been so long confined at different times in islands,
+from which it was always uncertain when we could get away, it was
+comfortable to be now on the mainland, and to know that, if in health,
+we might get to any place in Scotland or England in a certain number
+of days.
+
+Here we discovered from the conjectures which were formed, that the
+people on the main land were entirely ignorant of our motions; for in a
+Glasgow newspaper we found a paragraph, which, as it contains a just
+and well-turned compliment to my illustrious friend, I shall
+here insert:--
+
+'We are well assured that Dr. Johnson is confined by tempestuous weather
+to the isle of Sky; it being unsafe to venture, in a small boat, upon
+such a stormy surge as is very common there at this time of the year.
+Such a philosopher, detained on an almost barren island, resembles a
+whale left upon the strand. The latter will be welcome to every body, on
+account of his oil, his bone, &c., and the other will charm his
+companions, and the rude inhabitants, with his superior knowledge and
+wisdom, calm resignation, and unbounded benevolence.'
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, OCTOBER 23.
+
+After a good night's rest, we breakfasted at our leisure. We talked of
+Goldsmith's _Traveller_, of which Dr. Johnson spoke highly; and, while I
+was helping him on with his great coat, he repeated from it the
+character of the British nation, which he did with such energy, that the
+tear started into his eye:--
+
+     'Stern o'er each bosom reason holds her state,
+      With daring aims irregularly great,
+      Pride in their port, defiance in their eye,
+      I see the lords of human kind pass by,
+      Intent on high designs, a thoughtful band,
+      By forms unfashion'd, fresh from nature's hand;
+      Fierce in their native hardiness of soul,
+      True to imagin'd right, above control,
+      While ev'n the peasant boasts these rights to scan,
+      And learns to venerate himself as man.'
+
+We could get but one bridle here, which, according to the maxim _detur
+digniori_, was appropriated to Dr. Johnson's sheltie. I and Joseph rode
+with halters. We crossed in a ferry-boat a pretty wide lake[921], and on
+the farther side of it, close by the shore, found a hut for our inn. We
+were much wet. I changed my clothes in part, and was at pains to get
+myself well dried. Dr. Johnson resolutely kept on all his clothes, wet
+as they were, letting them steam before the smoky turf fire. I thought
+him in the wrong; but his firmness was, perhaps, a species of heroism.
+
+I remember but little of our conversation. I mentioned Shenstone's
+saying of Pope, that he had the art of condensing sense more than any
+body[922]. Dr. Johnson said, 'It is not true, Sir. There is more sense
+in a line of Cowley than in a page (or a sentence, or ten lines,--I am
+not quite certain of the very phrase) of Pope.' He maintained that
+Archibald, Duke of Argyle[923], was a narrow man. I wondered at this;
+and observed, that his building so great a house at Inverary was not
+like a narrow man. 'Sir, (said he,) when a narrow man has resolved to
+build a house, he builds it like another man. But Archibald, Duke of
+Argyle, was narrow in his ordinary expences, in his quotidian
+expences.'
+
+The distinction is very just. It is in the ordinary expences of life
+that a man's liberality or narrowness is to be discovered. I never heard
+the word _quotidian_ in this sense, and I imagined it to be a word of
+Dr. Johnson's own fabrication; but I have since found it in _Young's
+Night Thoughts_, (Night fifth,)
+
+     'Death's a destroyer of quotidian prey,'
+
+and in my friend's _Dictionary_, supported by the authorities of Charles
+I. and Dr. Donne.
+
+It rained very hard as we journied on after dinner. The roar of torrents
+from the mountains, as we passed along in the dusk, and the other
+circumstances attending our ride in the evening, have been mentioned
+with so much animation by Dr. Johnson, that I shall not attempt to say
+any thing on the subject[924].
+
+We got at night to Inverary, where we found an excellent inn. Even here,
+Dr. Johnson would not change his wet clothes.
+
+The prospect of good accommodation cheered us much. We supped well; and
+after supper, Dr. Johnson, whom I had not seen taste any fermented
+liquor during all our travels, called for a gill of whiskey. 'Come,
+(said he,) let me know what it is that makes a Scotchman happy[925]!' He
+drank it all but a drop, which I begged leave to pour into my glass,
+that I might say we had drunk whisky together. I proposed Mrs. Thrale
+should be our toast. He would not have _her_ drunk in whisky, but rather
+'some insular lady;' so we drank one of the ladies whom we had lately
+left. He owned to-night, that he got as good a room and bed as at an
+English inn.
+
+I had here the pleasure of finding a letter from home, which relieved me
+from the anxiety I had suffered, in consequence of not having received
+any account of my family for many weeks. I also found a letter from Mr.
+Garrick, which was a regale[926] as agreeable as a pine-apple would be
+in a desert[927]. He had favoured me with his correspondence for many
+years; and when Dr. Johnson and I were at Inverness, I had written to
+him as follows:--
+
+     Inverness,
+     Sunday, 29 August, 1773.
+
+     MY DEAR SIR,
+
+'Here I am, and Mr. Samuel Johnson actually with me. We were a night at
+Fores, in coming to which, in the dusk of the evening, we passed over
+the bleak and blasted heath where Macbeth met the witches[928]. Your old
+preceptor[929] repeated, with much solemnity, the speech--
+
+     "How far is't called to Fores?  What are these,
+      So wither'd and so wild in their attire," &c.
+
+This day we visited the ruins of Macbeth's castle at Inverness. I have
+had great romantick satisfaction in seeing Johnson upon the classical
+scenes of Shakspeare in Scotland; which I really looked upon as almost
+as improbable as that "Birnam wood should come to Dunsinane[930]."
+Indeed, as I have always been accustomed to view him as a permanent
+London object, it would not be much more wonderful to me to see St.
+Paul's Church moving along where we now are. As yet we have travelled
+in post-chaises; but to-morrow we are to mount on horseback, and ascend
+into the mountains by Fort Augustus, and so on to the ferry, where we
+are to cross to Sky. We shall see that island fully, and then visit some
+more of the Hebrides; after which we are to land in Argyleshire, proceed
+by Glasgow to Auchinleck, repose there a competent time, and then return
+to Edinburgh, from whence the Rambler will depart for old England again,
+as soon as he finds it convenient. Hitherto we have had a very
+prosperous expedition. I flatter myself, _servetur ad imum, qualis ab
+incepto processerit_[931]. He is in excellent spirits, and I have a rich
+journal of his conversation. Look back, Davy[932], to Litchfield,--run
+up through the time that has elapsed since you first knew Mr.
+Johnson,--and enjoy with me his present extraordinary Tour. I could not
+resist the impulse of writing to you from this place. The situation of
+the old castle corresponds exactly to Shakspeare's description. While we
+were there to-day[933], it happened oddly, that a raven perched upon one
+of the chimney-tops, and croaked. Then I in my turn repeated--
+
+     "The raven himself is hoarse,
+      That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan,
+      Under my battlements."
+
+'I wish you had been with us. Think what enthusiastick happiness I shall
+have to see Mr. Samuel Johnson walking among the romantick rocks and
+woods of my ancestors at Auchinleck[934]! Write to me at Edinburgh. You
+owe me his verses on great George and tuneful Cibber, and the bad verses
+which led him to make his fine ones on Philips the musician[935]. Keep
+your promise, and let me have them. I offer my very best compliments to
+Mrs. Garrick, and ever am,
+
+     'Your warm admirer and friend,
+
+     'JAMES BOSWELL.'
+
+'_To David Garrick, Esq., London._'
+
+His answer was as follows:--
+
+     'Hampton, September 14, 1773.
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+
+'You stole away from London, and left us all in the lurch; for we
+expected you one night at the club, and knew nothing of your departure.
+Had I payed you what I owed you, for the book you bought for me, I
+should only have grieved for the loss of your company, and slept with a
+quiet conscience; but, wounded as it is, it must remain so till I see
+you again, though I am sure our good friend Mr. Johnson will discharge
+the debt for me, if you will let him. Your account of your journey to
+_Fores_, the _raven_, _old castle_, &c., &c., made me half mad. Are you
+not rather too late in the year for fine weather, which is the life and
+soul of seeing places? I hope your pleasure will continue _qualis ab
+incepto_, &c.
+
+'Your friend[936] ------ threatens me much. I only wish that he would
+put his threats in execution, and, if he prints his play, I will forgive
+him. I remember he complained to you, that his bookseller called for the
+money for some copies of his ------, which I subscribed for, and that I
+desired him to call again. The truth is, that my wife was not at
+home[937], and that for weeks together I have not ten shillings in my
+pocket.--However, had it been otherwise, it was not so great a crime to
+draw his poetical vengeance upon me. I despise all that he can do, and
+am glad that I can so easily get rid of him and his ingratitude. I am
+hardened both to abuse and ingratitude.
+
+'You, I am sure, will no more recommend your poetasters to my civility
+and good offices.
+
+'Shall I recommend to you a play of Eschylus, (the Prometheus,)
+published and translated by poor old Morell, who is a good scholar[938],
+and an acquaintance of mine? It will be but half a guinea, and your name
+shall be put in the list I am making for him. You will be in very
+good company.
+
+'Now for the Epitaphs!
+
+[_These, together with the verses on George the Second, and Colley
+Cibber, as his Poet Laureat, of which imperfect copies are gone about,
+will appear in my Life of Dr. Johnson[939]._]
+
+'I have no more paper, or I should have said more to you. My love[940]
+and respects to Mr. Johnson.
+
+'Yours ever,
+
+'D. GARRICK.'
+
+'I can't write. I have the gout in my hand.'
+
+'_To James Boswell, Esq., Edinburgh._'
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, OCTOBER 24.
+
+We passed the forenoon calmly and placidly. I prevailed on Dr. Johnson
+to read aloud Ogden's sixth sermon on Prayer, which he did with a
+distinct expression, and pleasing solemnity. He praised my favourite
+preacher, his elegant language, and remarkable acuteness; and said, he
+fought infidels with their own weapons.
+
+As a specimen of Ogden's manner, I insert the following passage from the
+sermon which Dr. Johnson now read. The preacher, after arguing against
+that vain philosophy which maintains, in conformity with the hard
+principle of eternal necessity, or unchangeable predetermination, that
+the only effect of prayer for others, although we are exhorted to pray
+for them, is to produce good dispositions in ourselves towards them;
+thus expresses himself:--
+
+'A plain man may be apt to ask, But if this then, though enjoined in the
+holy scriptures, is to be my real aim and intention, when I am taught to
+pray for other persons, why is it that I do not plainly so express it?
+Why is not the form of the petition brought nearer to the meaning? Give
+them, say I to our heavenly father, what is good. But this, I am to
+understand, will be as it will be, and is not for me to alter. What is
+it then that I am doing? I am desiring to become charitable myself; and
+why may I not plainly say so? Is there shame in it, or impiety? The wish
+is laudable: why should I form designs to hide it?
+
+'Or is it, perhaps, better to be brought about by indirect means, and in
+this artful manner? Alas! who is it that I would impose on? From whom
+can it be, in this commerce, that I desire to hide any thing? When, as
+my Saviour commands me, I have _entered into my closet, and shut my
+door_, there are but two parties privy to my devotions, GOD and my own
+heart; which of the two am I deceiving?'
+
+He wished to have more books, and, upon inquiring if there were any in
+the house, was told that a waiter had some, which were brought to him;
+but I recollect none of them, except Hervey's _Meditations_. He thought
+slightingly of this admired book. He treated it with ridicule, and would
+not allow even the scene of the dying Husband and Father to be
+pathetick[941]. I am not an impartial judge; for Hervey's _Meditations_
+engaged my affections in my early years. He read a passage concerning
+the moon, ludicrously, and shewed how easily he could, in the same
+style, make reflections on that planet, the very reverse of
+Hervey's[942], representing her as treacherous to mankind. He did this
+with much humour; but I have not preserved the particulars. He then
+indulged a playful fancy, in making a _Meditation on a Pudding_[943], of
+which I hastily wrote down, in his presence, the following note; which,
+though imperfect, may serve to give my readers some idea of it.
+
+MEDITATION ON A PUDDING.
+
+'Let us seriously reflect of what a pudding is composed. It is composed
+of flour that once waved in the golden grain, and drank the dews of the
+morning; of milk pressed from the swelling udder by the gentle hand of
+the beauteous milk-maid, whose beauty and innocence might have
+recommended a worse draught; who, while she stroked the udder, indulged
+no ambitious thoughts of wandering in palaces, formed no plans for the
+destruction of her fellow-creatures: milk, which is drawn from the cow,
+that useful animal, that eats the grass of the field, and supplies us
+with that which made the greatest part of the food of mankind in the age
+which the poets have agreed to call golden. It is made with an egg, that
+miracle of nature, which the theoretical Burnet[944] has compared to
+creation. An egg contains water within its beautiful smooth surface; and
+an unformed mass, by the incubation of the parent, becomes a regular
+animal, furnished with bones and sinews, and covered with feathers. Let
+us consider; can there be more wanting to complete the Meditation on a
+Pudding? If more is wanting, more may be found. It contains salt, which
+keeps the sea from putrefaction: salt, which is made the image of
+intellectual excellence, contributes to the formation of a pudding.'
+
+In a Magazine I found a saying of Dr. Johnson's, something to this
+purpose; that the happiest part of a man's life is what he passes lying
+awake in bed in the morning. I read it to him. He said, 'I may, perhaps,
+have said this; for nobody, at times, talks more laxly than I do[945].'
+I ventured to suggest to him, that this was dangerous from one of his
+authority.
+
+I spoke of living in the country, and upon what footing one should be
+with neighbours. I observed that some people were afraid of being on too
+easy a footing with them, from an apprehension that their time would not
+be their own. He made the obvious remark, that it depended much on what
+kind of neighbours one has, whether it was desirable to be on an easy
+footing with them, or not. I mentioned a certain baronet, who told me,
+he never was happy in the country, till he was not on speaking terms
+with his neighbours, which he contrived in different ways to bring
+about. 'Lord ----------(said he) stuck long; but at last the fellow
+pounded my pigs, and then I got rid of him.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir, My Lord
+got rid of Sir John, and shewed how little he valued him, by putting his
+pigs in the pound.'
+
+I told Dr. Johnson I was in some difficulty how to act at Inverary. I
+had reason to think that the Duchess of Argyle disliked me, on account
+of my zeal in the Douglas cause[946]; but the Duke of Argyle had always
+been pleased to treat me with great civility. They were now at the
+castle, which is a very short walk from our inn; and the question was,
+whether I should go and pay my respects there. Dr. Johnson, to whom I
+had stated the case, was clear that I ought; but, in his usual way, he
+was very shy of discovering a desire to be invited there himself. Though
+from a conviction of the benefit of subordination[947] to society, he
+has always shewn great respect to persons of high rank, when he happened
+to be in their company, yet his pride of character has ever made him
+guard against any appearance of courting the great. Besides, he was
+impatient to go to Glasgow, where he expected letters. At the same time
+he was, I believe, secretly not unwilling to have attention paid him by
+so great a Chieftain, and so exalted a nobleman. He insisted that I
+should not go to the castle this day before dinner, as it would look
+like seeking an invitation. 'But, (said I,) if the Duke invites us to
+dine with him to-morrow, shall we accept?' 'Yes, Sir;' I think he said,
+'to be sure.' But, he added, 'He won't ask us!' I mentioned, that I was
+afraid my company might be disagreeable to the duchess. He treated this
+objection with a manly disdain: '_That_, Sir, he must settle with his
+wife.' We dined well. I went to the castle just about the time when I
+supposed the ladies would be retired from dinner. I sent in my name;
+and, being shewn in, found the amiable Duke sitting at the head of his
+table with several gentlemen. I was most politely received, and gave his
+grace some particulars of the curious journey which I had been making
+with Dr. Johnson. When we rose from table, the Duke said to me, 'I hope
+you and Dr. Johnson will dine with us to-morrow.' I thanked his grace;
+but told him, my friend was in a great hurry to get back to London. The
+Duke, with a kind complacency, said, 'He will stay one day; and I will
+take care he shall see this place to advantage.' I said, I should be
+sure to let him know his grace's invitation. As I was going away, the
+Duke said, 'Mr. Boswell, won't you have some tea ?' I thought it best to
+get over the meeting with the duchess this night; so respectfully
+agreed. I was conducted to the drawing room by the Duke, who announced
+my name; but the duchess, who was sitting with her daughter, Lady Betty
+Hamilton[948], and some other ladies, took not the least notice of me. I
+should have been mortified at being thus coldly received by a lady of
+whom I, with the rest of the world, have always entertained a very high
+admiration, had I not been consoled by the obliging attention of
+the Duke.
+
+When I returned to the inn, I informed Dr. Johnson of the Duke of
+Argyle's invitation, with which he was much pleased, and readily
+accepted of it. We talked of a violent contest which was then carrying
+on, with a view to the next general election for Ayrshire; where one of
+the candidates, in order to undermine the old and established interest,
+had artfully held himself out as a champion for the independency of the
+county against aristocratick influence, and had persuaded several
+gentlemen into a resolution to oppose every candidate who was supported
+by peers[949]. 'Foolish fellows! (said Dr. Johnson), don't they see that
+they are as much dependent upon the Peers one way as the other. The
+Peers have but to _oppose_ a candidate to ensure him success. It is said
+the only way to make a pig go forward, is to pull him back by the tail.
+These people must be treated like pigs.'
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, OCTOBER 25.
+
+My acquaintance, the Reverend Mr. John M'Aulay[950], one of the
+Ministers of Inverary, and brother to our good friend at Calder[951],
+came to us this morning, and accompanied us to the castle, where I
+presented Dr. Johnson to the Duke of Argyle. We were shewn through the
+house; and I never shall forget the impression made upon my fancy by
+some of the ladies' maids tripping about in neat morning dresses. After
+seeing for a long time little but rusticity, their lively manner, and
+gay inviting appearance, pleased me so much, that I thought, for the
+moment, I could have been a knight-errant for them[952].
+
+We then got into a low one-horse chair, ordered for us by the Duke, in
+which we drove about the place. Dr. Johnson was much struck by the
+grandeur and elegance of this princely seat. He thought, however, the
+castle too low, and wished it had been a story higher. He said, 'What I
+admire here, is the total defiance of expence.' I had a particular pride
+in shewing him a great number of fine old trees, to compensate for the
+nakedness which had made such an impression on him on the eastern coast
+of Scotland.
+
+When we came in, before dinner, we found the duke and some gentlemen in
+the hall. Dr. Johnson took much notice of the large collection of arms,
+which are excellently disposed there. I told what he had said to Sir
+Alexander M'Donald, of his ancestors not suffering their arms to
+rust[953]. 'Well, (said the doctor,) but let us be glad we live in times
+when arms _may_ rust. We can sit to-day at his grace's table, without
+any risk of being attacked, and perhaps sitting down again wounded or
+maimed.' The duke placed Dr. Johnson next himself at table. I was in
+fine spirits; and though sensible that I had the misfortune of not being
+in favour with the duchess, I was not in the least disconcerted, and
+offered her grace some of the dish that was before me. It must be owned
+that I was in the right to be quite unconcerned, if I could. I was the
+Duke of Argyle's guest; and I had no reason to suppose that he adopted
+the prejudices and resentments of the Duchess of Hamilton.
+
+I knew it was the rule of modern high life not to drink to any body; but
+that I might have the satisfaction for once to look the duchess in the
+face, with a glass in my hand, I with a respectful air addressed
+her,--'My Lady Duchess, I have the honour to drink your grace's good
+health.' I repeated the words audibly, and with a steady countenance.
+This was, perhaps, rather too much; but some allowance must be made for
+human feelings.
+
+The duchess was very attentive to Dr. Johnson. I know not how a _middle
+state[954]_ came to be mentioned. Her grace wished to hear him on that
+point. 'Madam, (said he,) your own relation, Mr. Archibald Campbell, can
+tell you better about it than I can. He was a bishop of the nonjuring
+communion, and wrote a book upon the subject[955].' He engaged to get it
+for her grace. He afterwards gave a full history of Mr. Archibald
+Campbell, which I am sorry I do not recollect particularly. He said, Mr.
+Campbell had been bred a violent Whig, but afterwards 'kept better
+company, and became a Tory.' He said this with a smile, in pleasant
+allusion, as I thought, to the opposition between his own political
+principles and those of the duke's clan. He added that Mr. Campbell,
+after the revolution, was thrown into gaol on account of his tenets;
+but, on application by letter to the old Lord Townshend[956], was
+released; that he always spoke of his Lordship with great gratitude,
+saying, 'though a _Whig_, he had humanity.'
+
+Dr. Johnson and I passed some time together, in June 1784[957], at
+Pembroke College, Oxford, with the Reverend Dr. Adams, the master; and I
+having expressed a regret that my note relative to Mr. Archibald
+Campbell was imperfect, he was then so good as to write with his own
+hand, on the blank page of my _Journal_, opposite to that which contains
+what I have now mentioned, the following paragraph; which, however, is
+not quite so full as the narrative he gave at Inverary:--
+
+'_The Honourable_ ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL _was, I believe, the Nephew[958] of
+the Marquis of Argyle. He began life by engaging in Monmouth's
+rebellion, and, to escape the law, lived some time in Surinam. When he
+returned, he became zealous for episcopacy and monarchy; and at the
+Revolution adhered not only to the Nonjurors, but to those who refused
+to communicate with the Church of England, or to be present at any
+worship where the usurper was mentioned as king. He was, I believe, more
+than once apprehended in the reign of King William, and once at the
+accession of George. He was the familiar friend of Hicks[959] and
+Nelson[960]; a man of letters, but injudicious; and very curious and
+inquisitive, but credulous. He lived[961] in 1743, or 44, about 75 years
+old.'_  The subject of luxury having been introduced, Dr. Johnson
+defended it. 'We have now (said he) a splendid dinner before us; which
+of all these dishes is unwholesome?' The duke asserted, that he had
+observed the grandees of Spain diminished in their size by luxury. Dr.
+Johnson politely refrained from opposing directly an observation which
+the duke himself had made; but said, 'Man must be very different from
+other animals, if he is diminished by good living; for the size of all
+other animals is increased by it[962].' I made some remark that seemed
+to imply a belief in _second sight_. The duchess said, 'I fancy you will
+be a _Methodist_.' This was the only sentence her grace deigned to utter
+to me; and I take it for granted, she thought it a good hit on my
+_credulity_ in the Douglas cause.
+
+A gentleman in company, after dinner, was desired by the duke to go to
+another room, for a specimen of curious marble, which his grace wished
+to shew us. He brought a wrong piece, upon which the duke sent him back
+again. He could not refuse; but, to avoid any appearance of servility,
+he whistled as he walked out of the room, to shew his independency. On
+my mentioning this afterwards to Dr. Johnson, he said, it was a nice
+trait of character.
+
+Dr. Johnson talked a great deal, and was so entertaining, that Lady
+Betty Hamilton, after dinner, went and placed her chair close to his,
+leaned upon the back of it, and listened eagerly. It would have made a
+fine picture to have drawn the Sage and her at this time in their
+several attitudes. He did not know, all the while, how much he was
+honoured. I told him afterwards. I never saw him so gentle and
+complaisant as this day.
+
+We went to tea. The duke and I walked up and down the drawing-room,
+conversing. The duchess still continued to shew the same marked coldness
+for me; for which, though I suffered from it, I made every allowance,
+considering the very warm part that I had taken for Douglas, in the
+cause in which she thought her son deeply interested. Had not her grace
+discovered some displeasure towards me, I should have suspected her of
+insensibility or dissimulation.
+
+Her grace made Dr. Johnson come and sit by her, and asked him why he
+made his journey so late in the year. 'Why, madam, (said he,) you know
+Mr. Boswell must attend the Court of Session, and it does not rise till
+the twelfth of August.' She said, with some sharpness, 'I _know nothing_
+of Mr. Boswell.' Poor Lady Lucy Douglas[963], to whom I mentioned this,
+observed, 'She knew _too much_ of Mr. Boswell.' I shall make no remark
+on her grace's speech. I indeed felt it as rather too severe; but when I
+recollected that my punishment was inflicted by so dignified a beauty, I
+had that kind of consolation which a man would feel who is strangled by
+a _silken cord_. Dr. Johnson was all attention to her grace. He used
+afterwards a droll expression, upon her enjoying the three titles of
+Hamilton, Brandon, and Argyle[964]. Borrowing an image from the Turkish
+empire, he called her a _Duchess_ with _three tails_.
+
+He was much pleased with our visit at the castle of Inverary. The Duke
+of Argyle was exceedingly polite to him, and upon his complaining of the
+shelties which he had hitherto ridden being too small for him, his grace
+told him he should be provided with a good horse to carry him next day.
+
+Mr. John M'Aulay passed the evening with us at our inn. When Dr. Johnson
+spoke of people whose principles were good, but whose practice was
+faulty, Mr. M'Aulay said, he had no notion of people being in earnest in
+their good professions, whose practice was not suitable to them. The
+Doctor grew warm, and said, 'Sir, you are so grossly ignorant of human
+nature, as not to know that a man may be very sincere in good
+principles, without having good practice[965]!'
+
+Dr. Johnson was unquestionably in the right; and whoever examines
+himself candidly, will be satisfied of it, though the inconsistency
+between principles and practice is greater in some men than in others.
+
+I recollect very little of this night's conversation. I am sorry that
+indolence came upon me towards the conclusion of our journey, so that I
+did not write down what passed with the same assiduity as during the
+greatest part of it.
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, OCTOBER 26.
+
+Mr. M'Aulay breakfasted with us, nothing hurt or dismayed by his last
+night's correction. Being a man of good sense, he had a just admiration
+of Dr. Johnson.
+
+Either yesterday morning, or this, I communicated to Dr. Johnson, from
+Mr. M'Aulay's information, the news that Dr. Beattie had got a pension
+of two hundred pounds a year[966]. He sat up in his bed, clapped his
+hands, and cried, 'O brave we[967]!'--a peculiar exclamation of his
+when he rejoices[968].
+
+As we sat over our tea, Mr. Home's tragedy of _Douglas_ was mentioned. I
+put Dr. Johnson in mind, that once, in a coffee house at Oxford, he
+called to old Mr. Sheridan, 'How came you, Sir, to give Home a gold
+medal for writing that foolish play?' and defied Mr. Sheridan to shew
+ten good lines in it. He did not insist they should be together; but
+that there were not ten good lines in the whole play[969]. He now
+persisted in this. I endeavoured to defend that pathetick and beautiful
+tragedy, and repeated the following passage:--
+
+     --'Sincerity,
+     Thou first of virtues! let no mortal leave
+     Thy onward path, although the earth should gape,
+     And from the gulph of hell destruction cry,
+     To take dissimulation's winding way[970].'
+
+JOHNSON. 'That will not do, Sir. Nothing is good but what is consistent
+with truth or probability, which this is not. Juvenal, indeed, gives us
+a noble picture of inflexible virtue:--
+
+     "Esto bonus miles, tutor bonus, arbiter idem
+     Integer: ambiguae si quando citabere testis,
+     Incertaeque rei, Phalaris licet imperet ut sis,
+     Falsus, et admoto dictet perjuria tauro,
+     Summum crede nefas animam praeferre pudori,
+     Et propter vitam vivendi perdere causas[2]."'
+
+He repeated the lines with great force and dignity; then
+added, 'And, after this, comes Johnny Home, with his _earth
+gaping_, and his _destruction crying_:--Pooh[971]!'
+
+While we were lamenting the number of ruined religious buildings which
+we had lately seen, I spoke with peculiar feeling of the miserable
+neglect of the chapel belonging to the palace of Holyrood-house, in
+which are deposited the remains of many of the Kings of Scotland, and
+many of our nobility. I said, it was a disgrace to the country that it
+was not repaired: and particularly complained that my friend Douglas,
+the representative of a great house and proprietor of a vast estate,
+should suffer the sacred spot where his mother lies interred, to be
+unroofed, and exposed to all the inclemencies of the weather. Dr.
+Johnson, who, I know not how, had formed an opinion on the Hamilton
+side, in the Douglas cause, slily answered, 'Sir, Sir, don't be too
+severe upon the gentleman; don't accuse him of want of filial piety!
+Lady Jane Douglas was not _his_ mother.' He roused my zeal so much that
+I took the liberty to tell him he knew nothing of the cause: which I do
+most seriously believe was the case[972].
+
+We were now 'in a country of bridles and saddles[973],' and set out
+fully equipped. The Duke of Argyle was obliging enough to mount Dr.
+Johnson on a stately steed from his grace's stable. My friend was highly
+pleased, and Joseph said, 'He now looks like a bishop.'
+
+We dined at the inn at Tarbat, and at night came to Rosedow, the
+beautiful seat of Sir James Colquhoun, on the banks of Lochlomond, where
+I, and any friends whom I have introduced, have ever been received with
+kind and elegant hospitality.
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 27.
+
+When I went into Dr. Johnson's room this morning, I observed to him how
+wonderfully courteous he had been at Inveraray, and said, 'You were
+quite a fine gentleman, when with the duchess.' He answered, in good
+humour, 'Sir, I look upon myself as a very polite man:' and he was
+right, in a proper manly sense of the word[974]. As an immediate proof
+of it, let me observe, that he would not send back the Duke of Argyle's
+horse without a letter of thanks, which I copied.
+
+'TO HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF ARGYLE.
+
+'MY LORD,
+
+'That kindness which disposed your grace to supply me with the horse,
+which I have now returned, will make you pleased to hear that he has
+carried me well.
+
+'By my diligence in the little commission with which I was honoured by
+the duchess[975], I will endeavour to shew how highly I value the
+favours which I have received, and how much I desire to be thought,
+
+'My Lord,
+
+'Your Grace's most obedient,
+
+'And most humble servant,
+
+'SAM. JOHNSON.'
+
+'Rosedow, Oct. 29, 1773.'
+
+The duke was so attentive to his respectable[976] guest, that on the
+same day, he wrote him an answer, which was received at Auchinleck:--
+
+'TO DR. JOHNSON, AUCHINLECK, AYRSHIRE.
+
+'SIR,  'I am glad to hear your journey from this place was not
+unpleasant, in regard to your horse. I wish I could have supplied you
+with good weather, which I am afraid you felt the want of.
+
+'The Duchess of Argyle desires her compliments to you, and is much
+obliged to you for remembering her commission.
+
+'I am, Sir,
+
+'Your most obedient humble servant,
+
+'ARGYLE.'
+
+'Inveraray, Oct. 29, 1773.'
+
+I am happy to insert every memorial of the honour done to my great
+friend. Indeed, I was at all times desirous to preserve the letters
+which he received from eminent persons, of which, as of all other
+papers, he was very negligent; and I once proposed to him, that they
+should be committed to my care, as his _Custos Rotulorum_. I wish he had
+complied with my request, as by that means many valuable writings might
+have been preserved, that are now lost[977].
+
+After breakfast, Dr. Johnson and I were furnished with a boat, and
+sailed about upon Lochlomond, and landed on some of the islands which
+are interspersed[978]. He was much pleased with the scene, which is so
+well known by the accounts of various travellers, that it is unnecessary
+for me to attempt any description of it.
+
+I recollect none of his conversation, except that, when talking of
+dress, he said, 'Sir, were I to have any thing fine, it should be very
+fine. Were I to wear a ring, it should not be a bauble, but a stone of
+great value. Were I to wear a laced or embroidered waistcoat, it should
+be very rich. I had once a very rich laced waistcoat, which I wore the
+first night of my tragedy[979].'  Lady Helen Colquhoun being a very
+pious woman, the conversation, after dinner, took a religious turn. Her
+ladyship defended the presbyterian mode of publick worship; upon which
+Dr. Johnson delivered those excellent arguments for a form of prayer
+which he has introduced into his _Journey_[980]. I am myself fully
+convinced that a form of prayer for publick worship is in general most
+decent and edifying. _Solennia verba_ have a kind of prescriptive
+sanctity, and make a deeper impression on the mind than extemporaneous
+effusions, in which, as we know not what they are to be, we cannot
+readily acquiesce. Yet I would allow also of a certain portion of
+extempore address, as occasion may require. This is the practice of the
+French Protestant churches. And although the office of forming
+supplications to the throne of Heaven is, in my mind, too great a trust
+to be indiscriminately committed to the discretion of every minister, I
+do not mean to deny that sincere devotion may be experienced when
+joining in prayer with those who use no Liturgy.
+
+We were favoured with Sir James Colquhoun's coach to convey us in the
+evening to Cameron, the seat of Commissary Smollet[981]. Our
+satisfaction of finding ourselves again in a comfortable carriage was
+very great. We had a pleasing conviction of the commodiousness of
+civilization, and heartily laughed at the ravings of those absurd
+visionaries who have attempted to persuade us of the superior advantages
+of a _state of nature_[982].
+
+Mr. Smollet was a man of considerable learning, with abundance of animal
+spirits; so that he was a very good companion for Dr. Johnson, who said
+to me, 'We have had more solid talk here than at any place where we
+have been.'
+
+I remember Dr. Johnson gave us this evening an able and eloquent
+discourse on the _Origin of Evil_[983], and on the consistency of moral
+evil with the power and goodness of GOD. He shewed us how it arose from
+our free agency, an extinction of which would be a still greater evil
+than any we experience. I know not that he said any thing absolutely
+new, but he said a great deal wonderfully well; and perceiving us to be
+delighted and satisfied, he concluded his harangue with an air of
+benevolent triumph over an objection which has distressed many worthy
+minds: 'This then is the answer to the question, _Pothen to Kakon_?'
+Mrs. Smollet whispered me, that it was the best sermon she had ever
+heard. Much do I upbraid myself for having neglected to preserve it.
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, OCTOBER 28.
+
+Mr. Smollet pleased Dr. Johnson, by producing a collection of
+newspapers in the time of the Usurpation, from which it appeared that
+all sorts of crimes were very frequent during that horrible anarchy. By
+the side of the high road to Glasgow, at some distance from his house,
+he had erected a pillar to the memory of his ingenious kinsman, Dr.
+Smollet; and he consulted Dr. Johnson as to an inscription for it. Lord
+Kames, who, though he had a great store of knowledge, with much
+ingenuity, and uncommon activity of mind, was no profound scholar, had
+it seems recommended an English inscription[984]. Dr. Johnson treated
+this with great contempt, saying, 'An English inscription would be a
+disgrace to Dr. Smollet[985];' and, in answer to what Lord Kames had
+urged, as to the advantage of its being in English, because it would be
+generally understood, I observed, that all to whom Dr. Smollet's merit
+could be an object of respect and imitation, would understand it as well
+in Latin; and that surely it was not meant for the Highland drovers, or
+other such people, who pass and repass that way.
+
+We were then shewn a Latin inscription, proposed for this monument. Dr.
+Johnson sat down with an ardent and liberal earnestness to revise it,
+and greatly improved it by several additions and variations. I
+unfortunately did not take a copy of it, as it originally stood; but I
+have happily preserved every fragment of what Dr. Johnson wrote:--
+
+    Quisquis ades, viator[986],
+    Vel mente felix, vel studiis cultus,
+    Immorare paululum memoriae
+    TOBIAE SMOLLET, M.D.
+    Viri iis virtutibus
+    Quas in homine et cive
+    Et laudes, et imiteris,
+
+    Postquam mira--
+    Se ----
+
+    Tali tantoque viro, suo patrueli,
+
+    Hanc columnam,
+    Amoris eheu! inane monumentum,
+    In ipsis Leviniae ripis,
+    Quas primis infans vagitibus personuit,
+    Versiculisque jam fere moriturus illustravit[987],
+    Ponendam curavit[988].
+
+We had this morning a singular proof of Dr. Johnson's quick and
+retentive memory. Hay's translation of _Martial_ was lying in a window.
+I said, I thought it was pretty well done, and shewed him a particular
+epigram, I think, of ten, but am certain of eight, lines. He read it,
+and tossed away the book, saying--'No, it is not pretty well.' As I
+persisted in my opinion, he said, 'Why, Sir, the original is
+thus,'--(and he repeated it;) 'and this man's translation is thus,'--and
+then he repeated that also, exactly, though he had never seen it before,
+and read it over only once, and that too, without any intention of
+getting it by heart[989].
+
+Here a post-chaise, which I had ordered from Glasgow, came for us, and
+we drove on in high spirits. We stopped at Dunbarton, and though the
+approach to the castle there is very steep, Dr. Johnson ascended it with
+alacrity, and surveyed all that was to be seen. During the whole of our
+Tour he shewed uncommon spirit, could not bear to be treated like an old
+or infirm man, and was very unwilling to accept of any assistance,
+insomuch that, at our landing at Icolmkill, when Sir Allan M'Lean and I
+submitted to be carried on men's shoulders from the boat to the shore,
+as it could not be brought quite close to land, he sprang into the sea,
+and waded vigorously out.  On our arrival at the Saracen's Head Inn, at
+Glasgow, I was made happy by good accounts from home; and Dr. Johnson,
+who had not received a single letter since we left Aberdeen[990], found
+here a great many, the perusal of which entertained him much. He enjoyed
+in imagination the comforts which we could now command, and seemed to be
+in high glee. I remember, he put a leg up on each side of the grate, and
+said, with a mock solemnity, by way of soliloquy, but loud enough for me
+to hear it, 'Here am I, an ENGLISH man, sitting by a _coal_ fire.'
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, OCTOBER 29.
+
+The professors[991] of the University being informed of our arrival, Dr.
+Stevenson, Dr. Reid[992], and Mr. Anderson breakfasted with us. Mr.
+Anderson accompanied us while Dr. Johnson viewed this beautiful city. He
+had told me, that one day in London, when Dr. Adam Smith was boasting of
+it, he turned to him and said, 'Pray, Sir, have you ever seen
+Brentford[993]?' This was surely a strong instance of his impatience,
+and spirit of contradiction. I put him in mind of it to-day, while he
+expressed his admiration of the elegant buildings, and whispered him,
+'Don't you feel some remorse[994]?'
+
+We were received in the college by a number of the professors, who
+shewed all due respect to Dr. Johnson; and then we paid a visit to the
+principal, Dr. Leechman[995], at his own house, where Dr. Johnson had
+the satisfaction of being told that his name had been gratefully
+celebrated in one of the parochial congregations in the Highlands, as
+the person to whose influence it was chiefly owing that the New
+Testament was allowed to be translated into the Erse language. It seems
+some political members of the Society in Scotland for propagating
+Christian Knowledge had opposed this pious undertaking, as tending to
+preserve the distinction between the Highlanders and Lowlanders. Dr.
+Johnson wrote a long letter upon the subject to a friend, which being
+shewn to them, made them ashamed, and afraid of being publickly exposed;
+so they were forced to a compliance. It is now in my possession, and is,
+perhaps, one of the best productions of his masterly pen[996].
+
+Professors Reid and Anderson, and the two Messieurs Foulis, the Elzevirs
+of Glasgow, dined and drank tea with us at our inn, after which the
+professors went away; and I, having a letter to write, left my
+fellow-traveller with Messieurs Foulis. Though good and ingenious men,
+they had that unsettled speculative mode of conversation which is
+offensive to a man regularly taught at an English school and university.
+I found that, instead of listening to the dictates of the Sage, they
+had teazed him with questions and doubtful disputations. He came in a
+flutter to me, and desired I might come back again, for he could not
+bear these men. 'O ho! Sir, (said I,) you are flying to me for refuge!'
+He never, in any situation, was at a loss for a ready repartee. He
+answered, with a quick vivacity, 'It is of two evils choosing the
+least.' I was delighted with this flash bursting from the cloud which
+hung upon his mind, closed my letter directly, and joined the company.
+
+We supped at Professor Anderson's. The general impression upon my memory
+is, that we had not much conversation at Glasgow, where the professors,
+like their brethren at Aberdeen[997], did not venture to expose
+themselves much to the battery of cannon which they knew might play upon
+them[998]. Dr. Johnson, who was fully conscious of his own superior
+powers, afterwards praised Principal Robertson for his caution in this
+respect[999]. He said to me, 'Robertson, Sir, was in the right.
+Robertson is a man of eminence, and the head of a college at Edinburgh.
+He had a character to maintain, and did well not to risk its being
+lessened.'
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, OCTOBER 30.
+
+We set out towards Ayrshire. I sent Joseph on to Loudoun, with a
+message, that, if the Earl was at home, Dr. Johnson and I would have the
+honour to dine with him. Joseph met us on the road, and reported that
+the Earl '_jumped for joy,_' and said, 'I shall be very happy to see
+them.' We were received with a most pleasing courtesy by his Lordship,
+and by the Countess his mother, who, in her ninety-fifth year, had all
+her faculties quite unimpaired[1000]. This was a very cheering sight to
+Dr. Johnson, who had an extraordinary desire for long life. Her
+ladyship was sensible and well-informed, and had seen a great deal of
+the world. Her lord had held several high offices, and she was sister to
+the great Earl of Stair[1001].
+
+I cannot here refrain from paying a just tribute to the character of
+John Earl of Loudoun, who did more service to the county of Ayr in
+general, as well as to the individuals in it, than any man we have ever
+had. It is painful to think that he met with much ingratitude from
+persons both in high and low rank: but such was his temper, such his
+knowledge of 'base mankind[1002],' that, as if he had expected no other
+return, his mind was never soured, and he retained his good-humour and
+benevolence to the last. The tenderness of his heart was proved in
+1745-6, when he had an important command in the Highlands, and behaved
+with a generous humanity to the unfortunate. I cannot figure a more
+honest politician; for, though his interest in our county was great, and
+generally successful, he not only did not deceive by fallacious
+promises, but was anxious that people should not deceive themselves by
+too sanguine expectations. His kind and dutiful attention to his mother
+was unremitted. At his house was true hospitality; a plain but a
+plentiful table; and every guest, being left at perfect freedom, felt
+himself quite easy and happy. While I live, I shall honour the memory of
+this amiable man[1003].
+
+At night, we advanced a few miles farther, to the house of Mr. Campbell
+of Treesbank, who was married to one of my wife's sisters, and were
+entertained very agreeably by a worthy couple.
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, OCTOBER 31.
+
+We reposed here in tranquillity. Dr. Johnson was pleased to find a
+numerous and excellent collection of books, which had mostly belonged to
+the Reverend Mr. John Campbell, brother of our host. I was desirous to
+have procured for my fellow-traveller, to-day, the company of Sir John
+Cuninghame, of Caprington, whose castle was but two miles from us. He
+was a very distinguished scholar, was long abroad, and during part of
+the time lived much with the learned Cuninghame[1004], the opponent of
+Bentley as a critick upon Horace. He wrote Latin with great elegance,
+and, what is very remarkable, read Homer and Ariosto through every year.
+I wrote to him to request he would come to us; but unfortunately he was
+prevented by indisposition.
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, NOVEMBER 1.
+
+Though Dr. Johnson was lazy, and averse to move, I insisted that he
+should go with me, and pay a visit to the Countess of Eglintoune, mother
+of the late and present earl. I assured him, he would find himself amply
+recompensed for the trouble; and he yielded to my solicitations, though
+with some unwillingness. We were well mounted, and had not many miles to
+ride. He talked of the attention that is necessary in order to
+distribute our charity judiciously. 'If thoughtlessly done, we may
+neglect the most deserving objects; and, as every man has but a certain
+proportion to give, if it is lavished upon those who first present
+themselves, there may be nothing left for such as have a better claim. A
+man should first relieve those who are nearly connected with him, by
+whatever tie; and then, if he has any thing to spare, may extend his
+bounty to a wider circle.[1005]'
+
+As we passed very near the castle of Dundonald, which was one of the
+many residences of the kings of Scotland, and in which Robert the Second
+lived and died, Dr. Johnson wished to survey it particularly. It stands
+on a beautiful rising ground, which is seen at a great distance on
+several quarters, and from whence there is an extensive prospect of the
+rich district of Cuninghame, the western sea, the isle of Arran, and a
+part of the northern coast of Ireland. It has long been unroofed; and,
+though of considerable size, we could not, by any power of imagination,
+figure it as having been a suitable habitation for majesty[1006]. Dr.
+Johnson, to irritate my _old Scottish_[1007] enthusiasm, was very
+jocular on the homely accommodation of 'King _Bob_,' and roared and
+laughed till the ruins echoed.
+
+Lady Eglintoune, though she was now in her eighty-fifth year, and had
+lived in the retirement of the country for almost half a century, was
+still a very agreeable woman. She was of the noble house of Kennedy, and
+had all the elevation which the consciousness of such birth inspires.
+Her figure was majestick, her manners high-bred, her reading extensive,
+and her conversation elegant. She had been the admiration of the gay
+circles of life, and the patroness of poets[1008]. Dr. Johnson was
+delighted with his reception here. Her principles in church and state
+were congenial with his. She knew all his merit, and had heard much of
+him from her son, Earl Alexander[1009], who loved to cultivate the
+acquaintance of men of talents, in every department.
+
+All who knew his lordship, will allow that his understanding and
+accomplishments were of no ordinary rate. From the gay habits which he
+had early acquired, he spent too much of his time with men, and in
+pursuits far beneath such a mind as his. He afterwards became sensible
+of it, and turned his thoughts to objects of importance; but was cut off
+in the prime of his life. I cannot speak, but with emotions of the most
+affectionate regret, of one, in whose company many of my early days were
+passed, and to whose kindness I was much indebted.
+
+Often must I have occasion to upbraid myself, that soon after our return
+to the main land, I allowed indolence to prevail over me so much, as to
+shrink from the labour of continuing my journal with the same minuteness
+as before; sheltering myself in the thought, that we had done with the
+Hebrides; and not considering, that Dr. Johnson's Memorabilia were
+likely to be more valuable when we were restored to a more polished
+society. Much has thus been irrecoverably lost.
+
+In the course of our conversation this day, it came out, that Lady
+Eglintoune was married the year before Dr. Johnson was born; upon which
+she graciously said to him, that she might have been his mother; and
+that she now adopted him; and when we were going away, she embraced him,
+saying, 'My dear son, farewell[1010]!' My friend was much pleased with
+this day's entertainment, and owned that I had done well to force
+him out.
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 2.
+
+We were now in a country not only '_of saddles and bridles_[1011],' but
+of post-chaises; and having ordered one from Kilmarnock, we got to
+Auchinleck[1012] before dinner.
+
+My father was not quite a year and a half older than Dr. Johnson; but
+his conscientious discharge of his laborious duty as a judge in
+Scotland, where the law proceedings are almost all in writing,--a severe
+complaint which ended in his death,--and the loss of my mother, a woman
+of almost unexampled piety and goodness,--had before this time in some
+degree affected his spirits[1013], and rendered him less disposed to
+exert his faculties: for he had originally a very strong mind, and
+cheerful temper. He assured me, he never had felt one moment of what is
+called low spirits, or uneasiness, without a real cause. He had a great
+many good stories, which he told uncommonly well, and he was remarkable
+for 'humour, _incolumi gravitate_[1014],' as Lord Monboddo used to
+characterise it. His age, his office, and his character, had long given
+him an acknowledged claim to great attention, in whatever company he
+was; and he could ill brook any diminution of it. He was as sanguine a
+Whig and Presbyterian, as Dr. Johnson was a Tory and Church of England
+man: and as he had not much leisure to be informed of Dr. Johnson's
+great merits by reading his works, he had a partial and unfavourable
+notion of him, founded on his supposed political tenets; which were so
+discordant to his own, that instead of speaking of him with that respect
+to which he was entitled, he used to call him 'a _Jacobite fellow_.'
+Knowing all this, I should not have ventured to bring them together, had
+not my father, out of kindness to me, desired me to invite Dr. Johnson
+to his house.
+
+I was very anxious that all should be well; and begged of my friend to
+avoid three topicks, as to which they differed very widely; Whiggism,
+Presbyterianism, and--Sir John Pringle.[1015] He said courteously, 'I
+shall certainly not talk on subjects which I am told are disagreeable to
+a gentleman under whose roof I am; especially, I shall not do so to
+_your father_.'
+
+Our first day went off very smoothly. It rained, and we could not get
+out; but my father shewed Dr. Johnson his library, which in curious
+editions of the Greek and Roman classicks, is, I suppose, not excelled
+by any private collection in Great Britain. My father had studied at
+Leyden, and been very intimate with the Gronovii, and other learned men
+there. He was a sound scholar, and, in particular, had collated
+manuscripts and different editions of _Anacreon_, and others of the
+Greek Lyrick poets, with great care; so that my friend and he had much
+matter for conversation, without touching on the fatal topicks of
+difference.
+
+Dr. Johnson found here Baxter's _Anacreon_[1016], which he told me he
+had long enquired for in vain, and began to suspect there was no such
+book. Baxter was the keen antagonist of Barnes[1017]. His life is in
+the _Biographia Britannica_[1018]. My father has written many notes on
+this book, and Dr. Johnson and I talked of having it reprinted.
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 3.
+
+It rained all day, and gave Dr. Johnson an impression of that
+incommodiousness of climate in the west, of which he has taken notice in
+his _Journey_[1019]; but, being well accommodated, and furnished with
+variety of books, he was not dissatisfied.
+
+Some gentlemen of the neighbourhood came to visit my father; but there
+was little conversation. One of them asked Dr. Johnson how he liked the
+Highlands. The question seemed to irritate him, for he answered, 'How,
+Sir, can you ask me what obliges me to speak unfavourably of a country
+where I have been hospitably entertained? Who _can_ like the
+Highlands[1020]? I like the inhabitants very well[1021].' The gentleman
+asked no more questions.
+
+Let me now make up for the present neglect, by again gleaning from the
+past. At Lord Monboddo's, after the conversation upon the decrease of
+learning in England, his Lordship mentioned _Hermes_, by Mr. Harris of
+Salisbury[1022], as the work of a living authour, for whom he had a
+great respect. Dr. Johnson said nothing at the time; but when we were in
+our post-chaise, he told me, he thought Harris 'a coxcomb.' This he
+said of him, not as a man, but as an authour[1023]; and I give his
+opinions of men and books, faithfully, whether they agree with my own or
+not. I do admit, that there always appeared to me something of
+affectation in Mr. Harris's manner of writing; something of a habit of
+clothing plain thoughts in analytick and categorical formality. But all
+his writings are imbued with learning; and all breathe that philanthropy
+and amiable disposition, which distinguished him as a man[1024].
+
+At another time, during our Tour, he drew the character of a rapacious
+Highland Chief[1025] with the strength of Theophrastus or la Bruyère;
+concluding with these words:--'Sir, he has no more the soul of a Chief,
+than an attorney who has twenty houses in a street, and considers how
+much he can make by them.'
+
+He this day, when we were by ourselves, observed, how common it was for
+people to talk from books; to retail the sentiment's of others, and not
+their own; in short, to converse without any originality of thinking. He
+was pleased to say, 'You and I do not talk from books[1026].'
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 4.
+
+I was glad to have at length a very fine day, on which I could shew Dr.
+Johnson the _Place_ of my family, which he has honoured with so much
+attention in his _Journey_. He is, however, mistaken in thinking that
+the Celtick name, _Auchinleck_, has no relation to the natural
+appearance of it. I believe every Celtick name of a place will be found
+very descriptive. _Auchinleck_ does not signify a _stony field_, as he
+has said, but a _field of flag stones_; and this place has a number of
+rocks, which abound in strata of that kind. The 'sullen dignity of the
+old castle,' as he has forcibly expressed it, delighted him
+exceedingly.[1027] On one side of the rock on which its ruins stand,
+runs the river Lugar, which is here of considerable breadth, and is
+bordered by other high rocks, shaded with wood. On the other side runs a
+brook, skirted in the same manner, but on a smaller scale. I cannot
+figure a more romantick scene.
+
+I felt myself elated here, and expatiated to my illustrious Mentor on
+the antiquity and honourable alliances of my family, and on the merits
+of its founder, Thomas Boswell, who was highly favoured by his
+sovereign, James IV. of Scotland, and fell with him at the battle of
+Flodden-field[1028]; and in the glow of what, I am sensible, will, in a
+commercial age, be considered as genealogical enthusiasm, did not omit
+to mention what I was sure my friend would not think lightly of, my
+relation[1029] to the Royal Personage, whose liberality, on his
+accession to the throne, had given him comfort and independence[1030].
+I have, in a former page[1031], acknowledged my pride of ancient blood,
+in which I was encouraged by Dr. Johnson: my readers therefore will not
+be surprised at my having indulged it on this occasion.
+
+Not far from the old castle is a spot of consecrated earth, on which may
+be traced the foundations of an ancient chapel, dedicated to St.
+Vincent, and where in old times 'was the place of graves' for the
+family. It grieves me to think that the remains of sanctity here, which
+were considerable, were dragged away, and employed in building a part of
+the house of Auchinleck, of the middle age; which was the family
+residence, till my father erected that 'elegant modern mansion,' of
+which Dr. Johnson speaks so handsomely. Perhaps this chapel may one day
+be restored.
+
+Dr. Johnson was pleased when I shewed him some venerable old trees,
+under the shade of which my ancestors had walked. He exhorted me to
+plant assiduously[1032], as my father had done to a great extent.
+
+As I wandered with my reverend friend in the groves of Auchinleck, I
+told him, that, if I survived him, it was my intention to erect a
+monument to him here, among scenes which, in my mind, were all
+classical; for in my youth I had appropriated to them many of the
+descriptions of the Roman poets. He could not bear to have death
+presented to him in any shape; for his constitutional melancholy made
+the king of terrours more frightful. He turned off the subject, saying,
+'Sir, I hope to see your grand-children!'
+
+This forenoon he observed some cattle without horns, of which he has
+taken notice in his _Journey_[1033], and seems undecided whether they be
+of a particular race. His doubts appear to have had no foundation; for
+my respectable neighbour, Mr. Fairlie, who, with all his attention to
+agriculture, finds time both for the classicks and his friends, assures
+me they are a distinct species, and that, when any of their calves have
+horns, a mixture of breed can be traced. In confirmation of his opinion,
+he pointed out to me the following passage in Tacitus,--'_Ne armentis
+quidem suus honor, aut gloria frontis_[1034];' (_De mor. Germ. § 5_)
+which he wondered had escaped Dr. Johnson.
+
+On the front of the house of Auchinleck is this inscription:--
+
+     'Quod petis, hic est;
+     Est Ulubris; animus si te non deficit aequus[1035].'
+
+It is characteristick of the founder; but the _animus aequus_ is, alas!
+not inheritable, nor the subject of devise. He always talked to me as if
+it were in a man's own power to attain it; but Dr. Johnson told me that
+he owned to him, when they were alone, his persuasion that it was in a
+great measure constitutional, or the effect of causes which do not
+depend on ourselves, and that Horace boasts too much, when he says,
+_aequum mi animum ipse parabo_[1036].
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 5.
+
+The Reverend Mr. Dun, our parish minister, who had dined with us
+yesterday, with some other company, insisted that Dr. Johnson and I
+should dine with him to-day. This gave me an opportunity to shew my
+friend the road to the church, made by my father at a great expence, for
+above three miles, on his own estate, through a range of well enclosed
+farms, with a row of trees on each side of it. He called it the _Via
+sacra_, and was very fond of it.[1037]Dr. Johnson, though he held
+notions far distant from those of the Presbyterian clergy, yet could
+associate on good terms with them. He indeed occasionally attacked
+them. One of them discovered a narrowness of information concerning the
+dignitaries of the Church of England, among whom may be found men of the
+greatest learning, virtue, and piety, and of a truly apostolic
+character. He talked before Dr. Johnson, of fat bishops and drowsy
+deans; and, in short, seemed to believe the illiberal and profane
+scoffings of professed satyrists, or vulgar railers. Dr. Johnson was so
+highly offended, that he said to him, 'Sir, you know no more of our
+Church than a Hottentot[1038].' I was sorry that he brought this
+upon himself.
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 6.
+
+I cannot be certain, whether it was on this day, or a former, that Dr.
+Johnson and my father came in collision. If I recollect right, the
+contest began while my father was shewing him his collection of medals;
+and Oliver Cromwell's coin unfortunately introduced Charles the First,
+and Toryism. They became exceedingly warm, and violent, and I was very
+much distressed by being present at such an altercation between two men,
+both of whom I reverenced; yet I durst not interfere. It would certainly
+be very unbecoming in me to exhibit my honoured father, and my respected
+friend, as intellectual gladiators, for the entertainment of the
+publick: and therefore I suppress what would, I dare say, make an
+interesting scene in this dramatick sketch,--this account of the
+transit of Johnson over the Caledonian Hemisphere[1039].
+
+Yet I think I may, without impropriety, mention one circumstance, as an
+instance of my father's address. Dr. Johnson challenged him, as he did
+us all at Talisker[1040], to point out any theological works of merit
+written by Presbyterian ministers in Scotland. My father, whose studies
+did not lie much in that way, owned to me afterwards, that he was
+somewhat at a loss how to answer, but that luckily he recollected having
+read in catalogues the title of _Durham on the Galatians_; upon which he
+boldly said, 'Pray, Sir, have you read Mr. Durham's excellent commentary
+on the Galatians?' 'No, Sir,' said Dr. Johnson. By this lucky thought my
+father kept him at bay, and for some time enjoyed his triumph[1041]; but
+his antagonist soon made a retort, which I forbear to mention.
+
+In the course of their altercation, Whiggism and Presbyterianism,
+Toryism and Episcopacy, were terribly buffeted. My worthy hereditary
+friend, Sir John Pringle, never having been mentioned, happily escaped
+without a bruise.
+
+My father's opinion of Dr. Johnson may be conjectured from the name he
+afterwards gave him, which was URSA MAJOR[1042]. But it is not true, as
+has been reported, that it was in consequence of my saying that he was a
+_constellation_[1043] of genius and literature. It was a sly abrupt
+expression to one of his brethren on the bench of the Court of Session,
+in which Dr. Johnson was then standing; but it was not said in
+his hearing.
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 7.
+
+My father and I went to publick worship in our parish-church, in which I
+regretted that Dr. Johnson would not join us; for, though we have there
+no form of prayer, nor magnificent solemnity, yet, as GOD is worshipped
+in spirit and in truth, and the same doctrines preached as in the Church
+of England, my friend would certainly have shewn more liberality, had he
+attended. I doubt not, however, but he employed his time in private to
+very good purpose. His uniform and fervent piety was manifested on many
+occasions during our Tour, which I have not mentioned. His reason for
+not joining in Presbyterian worship has been recorded in a former
+page[1044].
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, NOVEMBER 8.
+
+Notwithstanding the altercation that had passed, my father, who had the
+dignified courtesy of an old Baron, was very civil to Dr. Johnson, and
+politely attended him to the post-chaise, which was to convey us to
+Edinburgh[1045].
+
+Thus they parted. They are now in another, and a higher, state of
+existence: and as they were both worthy Christian men, I trust they have
+met in happiness. But I must observe, in justice to my friend's
+political principles, and my own, that they have met in a place where
+there is no room for _Whiggism_[1046].
+
+We came at night to a good inn at Hamilton. I recollect no more.
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 9.
+
+I wished to have shewn Dr. Johnson the Duke of Hamilton's house,
+commonly called the _Palace_ of Hamilton, which is close by the town. It
+is an object which, having been pointed out to me as a splendid edifice,
+from my earliest years, in travelling between Auchinleck and Edinburgh,
+has still great grandeur in my imagination. My friend consented to stop,
+and view the outside of it, but could not be persuaded to go into it.
+
+We arrived this night at Edinburgh, after an absence of eighty-three
+days. For five weeks together, of the tempestuous season, there had been
+no account received of us. I cannot express how happy I was on finding
+myself again at home.
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 10.
+
+Old Mr. Drummond, the bookseller[1047], came to breakfast. Dr. Johnson
+and he had not met for ten years. There was respect on his side, and
+kindness on Dr. Johnson's. Soon afterwards Lord Elibank came in, and was
+much pleased at seeing Dr. Johnson in Scotland. His lordship said,
+'hardly any thing seemed to him more improbable.' Dr. Johnson had a
+very high opinion of him. Speaking of him to me, he characterized him
+thus: 'Lord Elibank has read a great deal. It is true, I can find in
+books all that he has read; but he has a great deal of what is in books,
+proved by the test of real life.' Indeed, there have been few men whose
+conversation discovered more knowledge enlivened by fancy. He published
+several small pieces of distinguished merit; and has left some in
+manuscript, in particular an account of the expedition against
+Carthagena, in which he served as an officer in the army. His writings
+deserve to be collected. He was the early patron of Dr. Robertson, the
+historian, and Mr. Home, the tragick poet; who, when they were ministers
+of country parishes, lived near his seat. He told me, 'I saw these lads
+had talents, and they were much with me.' I hope they will pay a
+grateful tribute to his memory[1048].
+
+The morning was chiefly taken up by Dr. Johnson's giving him an account
+of our Tour. The subject of difference in political principles was
+introduced. JOHNSON. 'It is much increased by opposition. There was a
+violent Whig, with whom I used to contend with great eagerness. After
+his death I felt my Toryism much abated.' I suppose he meant Mr.
+Walmsley of Lichfield, whose character he has drawn so well in his _Life
+of Edmund Smith_[1049].  Mr. Nairne[1050] came in, and he and I
+accompanied Dr. Johnson to Edinburgh Castle, which he owned was 'a great
+place.' But I must mention, as a striking instance of that spirit of
+contradiction to which he had a strong propensity, when Lord Elibank was
+some days after talking of it with the natural elation of a Scotchman,
+or of any man who is proud of a stately fortress in his own country, Dr.
+Johnson affected to despise it, observing that 'it would make a good
+_prison_ in ENGLAND.'
+
+Lest it should be supposed that I have suppressed one of his sallies
+against my country, it may not be improper here to correct a mistaken
+account that has been circulated, as to his conversation this day. It
+has been said, that being desired to attend to the noble prospect from
+the Castle-hill, he replied, 'Sir, the noblest prospect that a Scotchman
+ever sees, is the high road that leads him to London.' This lively
+sarcasm was thrown out at a tavern[1051] in London, in my presence, many
+years before.
+
+We had with us to-day at dinner, at my house, the Lady Dowager Colvill,
+and Lady Anne Erskine, sisters of the Earl of Kelly[1052]; the
+Honourable Archibald Erskine, who has now succeeded to that title; Lord
+Elibank; the Reverend Dr. Blair; Mr. Tytler, the acute vindicator of
+Mary Queen of Scots[1053], and some other friends[1054].
+
+_Fingal_ being talked of, Dr. Johnson, who used to boast that he had,
+from the first, resisted both Ossian[1055] and the Giants of
+Patagonia[1056], averred his positive disbelief of its authenticity.
+Lord Elibank said, 'I am sure it is not M'Pherson's. Mr. Johnson, I keep
+company a great deal with you; it is known I do. I may borrow from you
+better things than I can say myself, and give them as my own; but, if I
+should, every body will know whose they are.' The Doctor was not
+softened by this compliment. He denied merit to _Fingal_, supposing it
+to be the production of a man who has had the advantages that the
+present age affords; and said, 'nothing is more easy than to write
+enough in that style if once you begin[1057].'[1058]One gentleman in
+company[1059] expressing his opinion 'that _Fingal_ was certainly
+genuine, for that he had heard a great part of it repeated in the
+original,' Dr. Johnson indignantly asked him whether he understood the
+original; to which an answer being given in the negative, 'Why then,
+(said Dr. Johnson,) we see to what _this_ testimony comes:--thus it is.'
+
+I mentioned this as a remarkable proof how liable the mind of man is to
+credulity, when not guarded by such strict examination as that which Dr.
+Johnson habitually practised.[1060]The talents and integrity of the
+gentleman who made the remark, are unquestionable; yet, had not Dr.
+Johnson made him advert to the consideration, that he who does not
+understand a language, cannot know that something which is recited to
+him is in that language, he might have believed, and reported to this
+hour, that he had 'heard a great part of _Fingal_ repeated in the
+original.'
+
+For the satisfaction of those on the north of the Tweed, who may think
+Dr. Johnson's account of Caledonian credulity and inaccuracy too
+strong,[1061] it is but fair to add, that he admitted the same kind of
+ready belief might be found in his own country. 'He would undertake, (he
+said) to write an epick poem on the story of _Robin Hood_,[1062] and
+half England, to whom the names and places he should mention in it are
+familiar, would believe and declare they had heard it from their
+earliest years.'
+
+One of his objections to the authenticity of _Fingal_, during the
+conversation at Ulinish,[1063] is omitted in my _Journal_, but I
+perfectly recollect it. 'Why is not the original deposited in some
+publick library, instead of exhibiting attestations of its
+existence?[1064] Suppose there were a question in a court of justice,
+whether a man be dead or alive: You aver he is alive, and you bring
+fifty witnesses to swear it: I answer, "Why do you not produce the
+man?"' This is an argument founded upon one of the first principles of
+the _law of evidence_, which _Gilbert_[1065] would have held to be
+irrefragable.
+
+I do not think it incumbent on me to give any precise decided opinion
+upon this question, as to which I believe more than some, and less than
+others.[1066]
+
+The subject appears to have now become very uninteresting to the
+publick. That _Fingal_ is not from beginning to end a translation from
+the Gallick, but that _some_ passages have been supplied by the editor
+to connect the whole, I have heard admitted by very warm advocates for
+its authenticity. If this be the case, why are not these distinctly
+ascertained? Antiquaries, and admirers of the work, may complain, that
+they are in a situation similar to that of the unhappy gentleman, whose
+wife informed him, on her death-bed, that one of their reputed children
+was not his; and, when he eagerly begged her to declare which of them it
+was, she answered, '_That_ you shall never know;' and expired, leaving
+him in irremediable doubt as to them all.
+
+I beg leave now to say something upon _second sight_, of which I have
+related two instances,[1067] as they impressed my mind at the time. I
+own, I returned from the Hebrides with a considerable degree of faith in
+the many stories of that kind which I heard with a too easy
+acquiescence, without any close examination of the evidence: but, since
+that time, my belief in those stories has been much weakened,[1068] by
+reflecting on the careless inaccuracy of narrative in common matters,
+from which we may certainly conclude that there may be the same in what
+is more extraordinary. It is but just, however, to add, that the belief
+in second sight is not peculiar to the Highlands and Isles.[1069]
+
+Some years after our Tour, a cause[1070] was tried in the Court of
+Session, where the principal fact to be ascertained was, whether a
+ship-master, who used to frequent the Western Highlands and Isles, was
+drowned in one particular year, or in the year after. A great number of
+witnesses from those parts were examined on each side, and swore
+directly contrary to each other, upon this simple question. One of them,
+a very respectable Chieftain, who told me a story of second sight, which
+I have not mentioned, but which I too implicitly believed, had in this
+case, previous to this publick examination, not only said, but attested
+under his hand, that he had seen the ship-master in the year subsequent
+to that in which the court was finally satisfied he was drowned. When
+interrogated with the strictness of judicial inquiry, and under the awe
+of an oath, he recollected himself better, and retracted what he had
+formerly asserted, apologising for his inaccuracy, by telling the
+judges, 'A man will _say_ what he will not _swear_.' By many he was much
+censured, and it was maintained that every gentleman would be as
+attentive to truth without the sanction of an oath, as with it. Dr.
+Johnson, though he himself was distinguished at all times by a
+scrupulous adherence to truth, controverted this proposition; and as a
+proof that this was not, though it ought to be, the case, urged the very
+different decisions of elections under Mr. Grenville's Act,[1071] from
+those formerly made. 'Gentlemen will not pronounce upon oath what they
+would have said, and voted in the house, without that sanction.'
+
+However difficult it may be for men who believe in preternatural
+communications, in modern times, to satisfy those who are of a different
+opinion, they may easily refute the doctrine of their opponents, who
+impute a belief in _second sight_ to _superstition_. To entertain a
+visionary notion that one sees a distant or future event, may be called
+_superstition_: but the correspondence of the fact or event with such an
+impression on the fancy, though certainly very wonderful, _if proved_,
+has no more connection with superstition, than magnetism or electricity.
+
+After dinner, various topicks were discussed; but I recollect only one
+particular. Dr. Johnson compared the different talents of Garrick and
+Foote,[1072] as companions, and gave Garrick greatly the preference for
+elegance, though he allowed Foote extraordinary powers of entertainment.
+He said, 'Garrick is restrained by some principle; but Foote has the
+advantage of an unlimited range. Garrick has some delicacy of feeling;
+it is possible to put him out; you may get the better of him; but Foote
+is the most incompressible fellow that I ever knew; when you have driven
+him into a corner, and think you are sure of him, he runs through
+between your legs, or jumps over your head, and makes his escape.'
+
+Dr. Erskine[1073] and Mr. Robert Walker, two very respectable ministers
+of Edinburgh, supped with us, as did the Reverend Dr. Webster.[1074] The
+conversation turned on the Moravian missions, and on the Methodists. Dr.
+Johnson observed in general, that missionaries were too sanguine in
+their accounts of their success among savages, and that much of what
+they tell is not to be believed. He owned that the Methodists had done
+good; had spread religious impressions among the vulgar part of
+mankind:[1075] but, he said, they had great bitterness against other
+Christians, and that he never could get a Methodist to explain in what
+he excelled others; that it always ended in the indispensible necessity
+of hearing one of their preachers.[1076]
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 11.
+
+Principal Robertson came to us as we sat at breakfast, he advanced to
+Dr. Johnson, repeating a line of Virgil, which I forget. I
+suppose, either
+
+     Post varios casus, per tot discrimina rerum[1077]--
+
+or
+
+     --multum ille et terris jactatus, et alto[1078].
+
+Every body had accosted us with some studied compliment on our return.
+Dr. Johnson said, 'I am really ashamed of the congratulations which we
+receive. We are addressed as if we had made a voyage to Nova Zembla, and
+suffered five persecutions in Japan[1079].' And he afterwards remarked,
+that, 'to see a man come up with a formal air and a Latin line, when we
+had no fatigue and no danger, was provoking[1080].' I told him, he was
+not sensible of the danger, having lain under cover in the boat during
+the storm[1081]: he was like the chicken, that hides its head under its
+wing, and then thinks itself safe.
+
+Lord Elibank came to us, as did Sir William Forbes. The rash attempt in
+1745 being mentioned, I observed, that it would make a fine piece of
+History. Dr. Johnson said it would.[1082] Lord Elibank doubted whether
+any man of this age could give it impartially. JOHNSON. 'A man, by
+talking with those of different sides, who were actors in it, and
+putting down all that he hears, may in time collect the materials of a
+good narrative. You are to consider, all history was at first oral. I
+suppose Voltaire was fifty years[1083] in collecting his _Louis XIV_.
+which he did in the way that I am proposing.' ROBERTSON. 'He did so. He
+lived much with all the great people who were concerned in that reign,
+and heard them talk of everything: and then either took Mr. Boswell's
+way, of writing down what he heard, or, which is as good, preserved it
+in his memory; for he has a wonderful memory.' With the leave, however,
+of this elegant historian, no man's memory can preserve facts or sayings
+with such fidelity as may be done by writing them down when they are
+recent. Dr. Robertson said, 'it was now full time to make such a
+collection as Dr. Johnson suggested; for many of the people who were
+then in arms, were dropping off; and both Whigs and Jacobites were now
+come to talk with moderation.' Lord Elibank said to him, 'Mr. Robertson,
+the first thing that gave me a high opinion of you, was your saying in
+the _Select Society_[1084], while parties ran high, soon after the year
+1745, that you did not think worse of a man's moral character for his
+having been in rebellion. This was venturing to utter a liberal
+sentiment, while both sides had a detestation of each other.'  Dr.
+Johnson observed, that being in rebellion from a notion of another's
+right, was not connected with depravity; and that we had this proof of
+it, that all mankind applauded the pardoning of rebels; which they would
+not do in the case of robbers and murderers. He said, with a smile, that
+'he wondered that the phrase of _unnatural_ rebellion should be so much
+used, for that all rebellion was natural to man.'
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+As I kept no Journal of anything that passed after this morning, I
+shall, from memory, group together this and the other days, till that on
+which Dr. Johnson departed for London. They were in all nine days; on
+which he dined at Lady Colvill's, Lord Hailes's, Sir Adolphus Oughton's,
+Sir Alexander Dick's, Principal Robertson's, Mr. M'Laurin's[1085], and
+thrice at Lord Elibank's seat in the country, where we also passed two
+nights[1086]. He supped at the Honourable Alexander Gordon's[1087], now
+one of our judges, by the title of Lord Rockville; at Mr. Nairne's, now
+also one of our judges, by the title of Lord Dunsinan; at Dr. Blair's,
+and Mr. Tytler's; and at my house thrice, one evening with a numerous
+company, chiefly gentlemen of the law; another with Mr. Menzies of
+Culdares, and Lord Monboddo, who disengaged himself on purpose to meet
+him; and the evening on which we returned from Lord Elibank's, he supped
+with my wife and me by ourselves[1088].
+
+He breakfasted at Dr. Webster's, at old Mr. Drummond's, and at Dr.
+Blacklock's; and spent one forenoon at my uncle Dr. Boswell's[1089], who
+shewed him his curious museum; and, as he was an elegant scholar, and a
+physician bred in the school of Boerhaave[1090], Dr. Johnson was pleased
+with his company.  On the mornings when he breakfasted at my house, he
+had, from ten o'clock till one or two, a constant levee of various
+persons, of very different characters and descriptions. I could not
+attend him, being obliged to be in the Court of Session; but my wife was
+so good as to devote the greater part of the morning to the endless task
+of pouring out tea for my friend and his visitors.
+
+Such was the disposition of his time at Edinburgh. He said one evening
+to me, in a fit of languor, 'Sir, we have been harassed by invitations.'
+I acquiesced. 'Ay, Sir,' he replied; but how much worse would it have
+been, if we had been neglected[1091]?'
+
+From what has been recorded in this _Journal_, it may well be supposed
+that a variety of admirable conversation has been lost, by my neglect to
+preserve it. I shall endeavour to recollect some of it, as well as
+I can.
+
+At Lady Colvill's, to whom I am proud to introduce any stranger of
+eminence, that he may see what dignity and grace is to be found in
+Scotland, an officer observed, that he had heard Lord Mansfield was not
+a great English lawyer. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, supposing Lord Mansfield not
+to have the splendid talents which he possesses, he must be a great
+English lawyer, from having been so long at the bar, and having passed
+through so many of the great offices of the law. Sir, you may as well
+maintain that a carrier, who has driven a packhorse between Edinburgh
+and Berwick for thirty years, does not know the road, as that Lord
+Mansfield does not know the law of England[1092].'
+
+At Mr. Nairne's, he drew the character of Richardson, the authour of
+_Clarissa_, with a strong yet delicate pencil. I lament much that I have
+not preserved it; I only remember that he expressed a high opinion of
+his talents and virtues; but observed, that 'his perpetual study was to
+ward off petty inconveniences, and procure petty pleasures; that his
+love of continual superiority was such, that he took care to be always
+surrounded by women[1093], who listened to him implicitly, and did not
+venture to controvert his opinions; and that his desire of distinction
+was so great, that he used to give large vails to the Speaker Onslow's
+servants, that they might treat him with respect.'
+
+On the same evening, he would not allow that the private life of a
+Judge, in England, was required to be so strictly decorous as I
+supposed. 'Why then, Sir, (said I,) according to your account, an
+English judge may just live like a gentleman.' JOHNSON. 'Yes,
+Sir[1094],--if he _can_.'
+
+At Mr. Tytler's, I happened to tell that one evening, a great many years
+ago, when Dr. Hugh Blair and I were sitting together in the pit of
+Drury-lane play-house, in a wild freak of youthful extravagance, I
+entertained the audience _prodigiously_[1095], by imitating the lowing
+of a cow. A little while after I had told this story, I differed from
+Dr. Johnson, I suppose too confidently, upon some point, which I now
+forget. He did not spare me. 'Nay, Sir, (said he,) if you cannot talk
+better as a man, I'd have you bellow like a cow[1096].'
+
+At Dr. Webster's, he said, that he believed hardly any man died without
+affectation. This remark appears to me to be well founded, and will
+account for many of the celebrated death-bed sayings which are
+recorded[1097].
+
+On one of the evenings at my house, when he told that Lord Lovat boasted
+to an English nobleman, that though he had not his wealth, he had two
+thousand men whom he could at any time call into the field, the
+Honourable Alexander Gordon observed, that those two thousand men
+brought him to the block. 'True, Sir, (said Dr. Johnson:) but you may
+just as well argue, concerning a man who has fallen over a precipice to
+which he has walked too near,--"His two legs brought him to that," is he
+not the better for having two legs?'
+
+At Dr. Blair's I left him, in order to attend a consultation, during
+which he and his amiable host were by themselves. I returned to supper,
+at which were Principal Robertson, Mr. Nairne, and some other gentlemen.
+Dr. Robertson and Dr. Blair, I remember, talked well upon
+subordination[1098] and government; and, as my friend and I were walking
+home, he said to me, 'Sir, these two doctors are good men, and wise
+men[1099].' I begged of Dr. Blair to recollect what he could of the long
+conversation that passed between Dr. Johnson and him alone, this
+evening, and he obligingly wrote to me as follows:--
+
+'_March_ 3, 1785.
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+
+'--As so many years have intervened, since I chanced to have that
+conversation with Dr. Johnson in my house, to which you refer, I have
+forgotten most of what then passed, but remember that I was both
+instructed and entertained by it. Among other subjects, the discourse
+happening to turn on modern Latin poets, the Dr. expressed a very
+favourable opinion of Buchanan, and instantly repeated, from beginning
+to end, an ode of his, intituled _Calendae Maiae_, (the eleventh in his
+_Miscellaneorum Liber_), beginning with these words, '_Salvete sacris
+deliciis sacrae_,' with which I had formerly been unacquainted; but upon
+perusing it, the praise which he bestowed upon it, as one of the
+happiest of Buchanan's poetical compositions, appeared to me very just.
+He also repeated to me a Latin ode he had composed in one of the western
+islands, from which he had lately returned. We had much discourse
+concerning his excursion to those islands, with which he expressed
+himself as having been highly pleased; talked in a favourable manner of
+the hospitality of the inhabitants; and particularly spoke much of his
+happiness in having you for his companion; and said, that the longer he
+knew you, he loved and esteemed you the more. This conversation passed
+in the interval between tea and supper, when we were by ourselves. You,
+and the rest of the company who were with us at supper, have often taken
+notice that he was uncommonly bland and gay that evening, and gave much
+pleasure to all who were present. This is all that I can recollect
+distinctly of that long conversation.
+
+'Your's sincerely,
+
+'HUGH BLAIR.'
+
+At Lord Hailes's, we spent a most agreeable day; but again I must lament
+that I was so indolent as to let almost all that passed evaporate into
+oblivion. Dr. Johnson observed there, that 'it is wonderful how ignorant
+many officers of the army are, considering how much leisure they have
+for study, and the acquisition of knowledge[1100].' I hope he was
+mistaken; for he maintained that many of them were ignorant of things
+belonging immediately to their own profession; 'for instance, many
+cannot tell how far a musket will carry a bullet;' in proof of which, I
+suppose, he mentioned some particular person, for Lord Hailes, from whom
+I solicited what he could recollect of that day, writes to me as
+follows:--
+
+'As to Dr. Johnson's observation about the ignorance of officers, in the
+length that a musket will carry, my brother, Colonel Dalrymple, was
+present, and he thought that the doctor was either mistaken, by putting
+the question wrong, or that he had conversed on the subject with some
+person out of service.
+
+'Was it upon that occasion that he expressed no curiosity to see the
+room at Dumfermline, where Charles I. was born? "I know that he was
+born, (said he;) no matter where."--Did he envy us the birth-place of
+the king?'
+
+Near the end of his _Journey_, Dr. Johnson has given liberal praise to
+Mr. Braidwood's academy for the deaf and dumb[1101]. When he visited it,
+a circumstance occurred which was truly characteristical of our great
+Lexicographer. 'Pray, (said he,) can they pronounce any _long_ words?'
+Mr. Braidwood informed him they could. Upon which Dr. Johnson wrote one
+of his _sesquipedalia verba_[1102], which was pronounced by the
+scholars, and he was satisfied. My readers may perhaps wish to know what
+the word was; but I cannot gratify their curiosity. Mr. Braidwood told
+me, it remained long in his school, but had been lost before I made my
+inquiry[1103].
+
+Dr. Johnson one day visited the Court of Session[1104]. He thought the
+mode of pleading there too vehement, and too much addressed to the
+passions of the judges. 'This (said he) is not the Areopagus.'
+
+At old Mr. Drummond's, Sir John Dalrymple quaintly said, the two noblest
+animals in the world were, a Scotch Highlander and an English
+sailor[1105]. 'Why, Sir, (said Dr. Johnson,) I shall say nothing as to
+the Scotch Highlander; but as to the English Sailor, I cannot agree with
+you.' Sir John said, he was generous in giving away his money.' JOHNSON.
+'Sir, he throws away his money, without thought, and without merit. I do
+not call a tree generous, that sheds its fruit at every breeze.' Sir
+John having affected to complain of the attacks made upon his
+_Memoirs_[1106], Dr. Johnson said, 'Nay, Sir, do not complain. It is
+advantageous to an authour, that his book should be attacked as well as
+praised. Fame is a shuttlecock. If it be struck only at one end of the
+room, it will soon fall to the ground. To keep it up, it must be struck
+at both ends[1107].' Often have I reflected on this since; and, instead
+of being angry at many of those who have written against me, have smiled
+to think that they were unintentionally subservient to my fame, by using
+a battledoor to make me _virum volitare per ora_[1108].
+
+At Sir Alexander Dick's, from that absence of mind to which every man is
+at times subject, I told, in a blundering manner, Lady Eglingtoune's
+complimentary adoption of Dr. Johnson as her son; for I unfortunately
+stated that her ladyship adopted him as her son, in consequence of her
+having been married the year _after_ he was born. Dr. Johnson instantly
+corrected me. 'Sir, don't you perceive that you are defaming the
+countess? For, supposing me to be her son, and that she was not married
+till the year after my birth, I must have been her _natural_ son.' A
+young lady of quality, who was present, very handsomely said, 'Might not
+the son have justified the fault?' My friend was much flattered by this
+compliment, which he never forgot. When in more than ordinary spirits,
+and talking of his journey in Scotland, he has called to me, 'Boswell,
+what was it that the young lady of quality said of me at Sir Alexander
+Dick's ?' Nobody will doubt that I was happy in repeating it.
+
+My illustrious friend, being now desirous to be again in the great
+theatre of life and animated exertion, took a place in the coach, which
+was to set out for London on Monday the 22nd of November[1109]. Sir John
+Dalrymple pressed him to come on the Saturday before, to his house at
+Cranston, which being twelve miles from Edinburgh, upon the middle road
+to Newcastle, (Dr. Johnson had come to Edinburgh by Berwick, and along
+the naked coast[1110],) it would make his journey easier, as the coach
+would take him up at a more seasonable hour than that at which it sets
+out. Sir John, I perceived, was ambitious of having such a guest; but,
+as I was well assured, that at this very time he had joined with some of
+his prejudiced countrymen in railing at Dr. Johnson[1111], and had said,
+he 'wondered how any gentleman of Scotland could keep company with him,'
+I thought he did not deserve the honour: yet, as it might be a
+convenience to Dr. Johnson, I contrived that he should accept the
+invitation, and engaged to conduct him. I resolved that, on our way to
+Sir John's, we should make a little circuit by Roslin Castle, and
+Hawthornden, and wished to set out soon after breakfast; but young Mr.
+Tytler came to shew Dr. Johnson some essays which he had written; and my
+great friend, who was exceedingly obliging when thus consulted[1112],
+was detained so long, that it was, I believe, one o'clock before we got
+into our post-chaise. I found that we should be too late for dinner at
+Sir John Dalrymple's, to which we were engaged: but I would by no means
+lose the pleasure of seeing my friend at Hawthornden,--of seeing _Sam
+Johnson_ at the very spot where _Ben Jonson_ visited the learned and
+poetical Drummond[1113].
+
+We surveyed Roslin Castle, the romantick scene around it, and the
+beautiful Gothick chapel[1114], and dined and drank tea at the inn;
+after which we proceeded to Hawthornden, and viewed the caves; and I
+all the while had _Rare Ben_[1115] in my mind, and was pleased to think
+that this place was now visited by another celebrated wit of England.
+
+By this time 'the waning night was growing old,' and we were yet several
+miles from Sir John Dalrymple's. Dr. Johnson did not seem much troubled
+at our having treated the baronet with so little attention to
+politeness; but when I talked of the grievous disappointment it must
+have been to him that we did not come to the _feast_ that he had
+prepared for us, (for he told us he had killed a seven-year old sheep on
+purpose,) my friend got into a merry mood, and jocularly said, 'I dare
+say, Sir, he has been very sadly distressed: Nay, we do not know but the
+consequence may have been fatal. Let me try to describe his situation in
+his own historical style, I have as good a right to make him think and
+talk, as he has to tell us how people thought and talked a hundred years
+ago, of which he has no evidence. All history, so far as it is not
+supported by contemporary evidence, is romance[1116]--Stay now.--Let us
+consider!' He then (heartily laughing all the while) proceeded in his
+imitation, I am sure to the following effect, though now, at the
+distance of almost twelve years, I cannot pretend to recollect all the
+precise words:--
+
+'Dinner being ready, he wondered that his guests were not yet come.
+His wonder was soon succeeded by impatience. He walked about the
+room in anxious agitation; sometimes he looked at his watch, sometimes
+he looked out at the window with an eager gaze of expectation,
+and revolved in his mind the various accidents of human life. His
+family beheld him with mute concern. "Surely (said he, with a sigh,)
+they will not fail me." The mind of man can bear a certain pressure;
+but there is a point when it can bear no more. A rope was in his view,
+and he died a Roman death[1117].
+
+It was very late before we reached the seat of Sir John Dalrymple, who,
+certainly with some reason, was not in very good humour. Our
+conversation was not brilliant. We supped, and went to bed in ancient
+rooms, which would have better suited the climate of Italy in summer,
+than that of Scotland in the month of November.
+
+I recollect no conversation of the next day, worth preserving, except
+one saying of Dr. Johnson, which will be a valuable text for many decent
+old dowagers, and other good company, in various circles to descant
+upon. He said, 'I am sorry I have not learnt to play at cards. It is
+very useful in life: it generates kindness, and consolidates
+society[1118].' He certainly could not mean deep play.
+
+My friend and I thought we should be more comfortable at the inn at
+Blackshields, two miles farther on. We therefore went thither in the
+evening, and he was very entertaining; but I have preserved nothing but
+the pleasing remembrance, and his verses on George the Second and
+Cibber[1119], and his epitaph on Parnell[1120], which he was then so
+good as to dictate to me. We breakfasted together next morning, and then
+the coach came, and took him up. He had, as one of his companions in it,
+as far as Newcastle, the worthy and ingenious Dr. Hope, botanical
+professor at Edinburgh. Both Dr. Johnson and he used to speak of their
+good fortune in thus accidentally meeting; for they had much instructive
+conversation, which is always a most valuable enjoyment, and, when found
+where it is not expected, is peculiarly relished.
+
+I have now completed my account of our Tour to the Hebrides. I have
+brought Dr. Johnson down to Scotland, and seen him into the coach which
+in a few hours carried him back into England. He said to me often, that
+the time he spent in this Tour was the pleasantest part of his
+life[1121], and asked me if I would lose the recollection of it for five
+hundred pounds. I answered I would not; and he applauded my setting such
+a value on an accession of new images in my mind[1122].
+
+Had it not been for me, I am persuaded Dr. Johnson never would have
+undertaken such a journey; and I must be allowed to assume some merit
+from having been the cause that our language has been enriched with such
+a book as that which he published on his return; a book which I never
+read but with the utmost admiration, as I had such opportunities of
+knowing from what very meagre materials it was composed.
+
+But my praise may be supposed partial; and therefore I shall insert two
+testimonies, not liable to that objection, both written by gentlemen of
+Scotland, to whose opinions I am confident the highest respect will be
+paid, Lord Hailes[1123], and Mr. Dempster[1124]. 'TO JAMES
+BOSWELL, ESQ.
+
+'SIR,
+
+'I have received much pleasure and much instruction, from perusing _The
+Journey to the Hebrides_.
+
+'I admire the elegance and variety of description, and the lively
+picture of men and manners. I always approve of the moral, often of the
+political, reflections. I love the benevolence of the authour.
+
+'They who search for faults, may possibly find them in this, as well as
+in every other work of literature.
+
+'For example, the friends of the old family say that _the aera of
+planting_ is placed too late, at the Union of the two kingdoms[1125]. I
+am known to be no friend of the old family; yet I would place the aera
+of planting at the Restoration; after the murder of Charles I. had been
+expiated in the anarchy which succeeded it.
+
+'Before the Restoration, few trees were planted, unless by the
+monastick drones: their successors, (and worthy patriots they were,) the
+barons, first cut down the trees, and then sold the estates. The
+gentleman at St. Andrews, who said that there were but two trees in
+Fife[1126], ought to have added, that the elms of Balmerino[1127] were
+sold within these twenty years, to make pumps for the fire-engines.
+
+'In J. Major de _Gestis Scotorum_, L. i. C. 2. last edition, there is a
+singular passage:--
+
+'"Davidi Cranstoneo conterraneo, dum de prima theologiae licentia foret,
+duo ei consocii et familiares, et mei cum eo in artibus auditores,
+scilicet Jacobus Almain Senonensis, et Petrus Bruxcellensis,
+Praedicatoris ordinis, in Sorbonae curia die Sorbonico commilitonibus
+suis publice objecerunt, _quod pane avenaceo plebeii Scoti_, sicut a
+quodam religioso intellexerant, _vescebantur, ut virum, quem cholericum
+noverant, honestis salibus tentarent, qui hoc inficiari tanquam patriae
+dedecus nisus est_."
+
+'Pray introduce our countryman, Mr. Licentiate David Cranston, to
+the acquaintance of Mr. Johnson.
+
+'The syllogism seems to have been this:
+
+     'They who feed on oatmeal are barbarians;
+      But the Scots feed on oatmeal:
+      Ergo--
+
+The licentiate denied the _minor_,
+
+     I am, Sir,
+     Your most obedient servant,
+    'DAV. DALRYMPLE.'
+
+'Newhailes, 6th Feb. 1775.'
+
+     To JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ., EDINBURGH.
+     Dunnichen, 16th February, 1775.
+
+'MY DEAR BOSWELL,
+
+'I cannot omit a moment to return you my best thanks for the
+entertainment you have furnished me, my family, and guests, by the
+perusal of Dr. Johnson's _Journey to the Western Islands_; and now for
+my sentiments of it. I was well entertained. His descriptions are
+accurate and vivid. He carried me on the Tour along with him. I am
+pleased with the justice he has done to your humour and vivacity. "The
+noise of the wind being all its own," is a _bon-mot_, that it would have
+been a pity to have omitted, and a robbery not to have ascribed to its
+author[1128].
+
+'There is nothing in the book, from beginning to end, that a Scotchman
+need to take amiss[1129]. What he says of the country is true, and his
+observations on the people are what must naturally occur to a sensible,
+observing, and reflecting inhabitant of a _convenient_ Metropolis, where
+a man on thirty pounds a year may be better accommodated with all the
+little wants of life, than _Col._ or _Sir Allan_. He reasons candidly
+about the _second sight_; but I wish he had enquired more, before he
+ventured to say he even doubted of the possibility of such an unusual
+and useless deviation from all the known laws of nature[1130]. The
+notion of the second sight I consider as a remnant of superstitious
+ignorance and credulity, which a philosopher will set down as such, till
+the contrary is clearly proved, and then it will be classed among the
+other certain, though unaccountable parts of our nature, like
+dreams[1131], and-I do not know what.  'In regard to the language, it
+has the merit of being all his own. Many words of foreign extraction are
+used, where, I believe, common ones would do as well, especially on
+familiar occasions. Yet I believe he could not express himself so
+forcibly in any other stile. I am charmed with his researches concerning
+the Erse language, and the antiquity of their manuscripts. I am quite
+convinced; and I shall rank _Ossian_, and his _Fingals_ and _Oscars_,
+amongst the Nursery Tales, not the true history of our country, in all
+time to come.
+
+'Upon the whole, the book cannot displease, for it has no pretensions.
+The author neither says he is a Geographer, nor an Antiquarian, nor very
+learned in the History of Scotland, nor a Naturalist, nor a
+Fossilist[1132]. The manners of the people, and the face of the country,
+are all he attempts to describe, or seems to have thought of. Much were
+it to be wished, that they who have travelled into more remote, and of
+course, more curious, regions, had all possessed his good sense. Of the
+state of learning, his observations on Glasgow University[1133] shew he
+has formed a very sound judgement. He understands our climate too, and
+he has accurately observed the changes, however slow and imperceptible
+to us, which Scotland has undergone, in consequence of the blessings of
+liberty and internal peace. I could have drawn my pen through the story
+of the old woman at St. Andrews, being the only silly thing in the
+book[1134]. He has taken the opportunity of ingrafting into the work
+several good observations, which I dare say he had made upon men and
+things, before he set foot on Scotch ground, by which it is considerably
+enriched[1135]. A long journey, like a tall May-pole, though not very
+beautiful itself, yet is pretty enough, when ornamented with flowers and
+garlands; it furnishes a sort of cloak-pins for hanging the furniture of
+your mind upon; and whoever sets out upon a journey, without furnishing
+his mind previously with much study and useful knowledge, erects a
+May-pole in December, and puts up very useless cloak-pins[1136].
+
+'I hope the book will induce many of his countrymen to make the same
+jaunt, and help to intermix the more liberal part of them still more
+with us, and perhaps abate somewhat of that virulent antipathy which
+many of them entertain against the Scotch: who certainly would never
+have formed those _combinations_[1137] which he takes notice of, more
+than their ancestors, had they not been necessary for their mutual
+safety, at least for their success, in a country where they are treated
+as foreigners. They would find us not deficient, at least in point of
+hospitality, and they would be ashamed ever after to abuse us in
+the mass.
+
+'So much for the Tour. I have now, for the first time in my life, passed
+a winter in the country; and never did three months roll on with more
+swiftness and satisfaction. I used not only to wonder at, but pity,
+those whose lot condemned them to winter any where but in either of the
+capitals. But every place has its charms to a cheerful mind. I am busy
+planting and taking measures for opening the summer campaign in farming;
+and I find I have an excellent resource, when revolutions in politicks
+perhaps, and revolutions of the sun for certain, will make it decent for
+me to retreat behind the ranks of the more forward in life.
+
+'I am glad to hear the last was a very busy week with you. I see you as
+counsel in some causes which must have opened a charming field for your
+humourous vein. As it is more uncommon, so I verily believe it is more
+useful than the more serious exercise of reason; and, to a man who is to
+appear in publick, more eclat is to be gained, sometimes more money too,
+by a _bon-mot_, than a learned speech. It is the fund of natural humour
+which Lord North possesses, that makes him so much the favourite of the
+house, and so able, because so amiable, a leader of a party[1138].
+
+'I have now finished _my_ Tour of _Seven Pages_. In what remains, I beg
+leave to offer my compliments, and those of _ma tres chere femme_, to
+you and Mrs. Boswell. Pray unbend the busy brow, and frolick a little in
+a letter to,
+
+'My dear Boswell,
+
+'Your affectionate friend,
+
+'GEORGE DEMPSTER[1139].'
+
+I shall also present the publick with a correspondence with the Laird
+of Rasay, concerning a passage in the _Journey to the_ Western Islands,
+which shews Dr. Johnson in a very amiable light.
+
+'To JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ.
+
+'Rasay, April 10th, 1775.
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+
+'I take this occasion of returning you my most hearty thanks for the
+civilities shewn to my daughter by you and Mrs. Boswell. Yet, though she
+has informed me that I am under this obligation, I should very probably
+have deferred troubling you with making my acknowledgments at present,
+if I had not seen Dr. Johnson's _Journey to the Western Isles_, in which
+he has been pleased to make a very friendly mention of my family, for
+which I am surely obliged to him, as being more than an equivalent for
+the reception you and he met with. Yet there is one paragraph I should
+have been glad he had omitted, which I am sure was owing to
+misinformation; that is, that I had acknowledged McLeod to be my chief,
+though my ancestors disputed the pre-eminence for a long tract of time.
+
+'I never had occasion to enter seriously on this argument with the
+present laird or his grandfather, nor could I have any temptation to
+such a renunciation from either of them. I acknowledge, the benefit of
+being chief of a clan is in our days of very little significancy, and to
+trace out the progress of this honour to the founder of a family, of any
+standing, would perhaps be a matter of some difficulty.
+
+'The true state of the present case is this: the McLeod family consists
+of two different branches; the M'Leods of Lewis, of which I am
+descended, and the M'Leods of Harris. And though the former have lost a
+very extensive estate by forfeiture in king James the Sixth's time,
+there are still several respectable families of it existing, who would
+justly blame me for such an unmeaning cession, when they all acknowledge
+me head of that family; which though in fact it be but an ideal point of
+honour, is not hitherto so far disregarded in our country, but it would
+determine some of my friends to look on me as a much smaller man than
+either they or myself judge me at present to be. I will, therefore, ask
+it as a favour of you to acquaint the Doctor with the difficulty he has
+brought me to. In travelling among rival clans, such a silly tale as
+this might easily be whispered into the ear of a passing stranger; but
+as it has no foundation in fact, I hope the Doctor will be so good as to
+take his own way in undeceiving the publick, I principally mean my
+friends and connections, who will be first angry at me, and next sorry
+to find such an instance of my littleness recorded in a book which has a
+very fair chance of being much read. I expect you will let me know what
+he will write you in return, and we here beg to make offer to you and
+Mrs. Boswell of our most respectful compliments.
+
+'I am,
+
+'Dear Sir,
+
+'Your most obedient humble servant,
+
+'JOHN M'LEOD.'
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'TO THE LAIRD OF RASAY.
+
+'London, May 8, 1775.
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+
+'The day before yesterday I had the honour to receive your letter, and I
+immediately communicated it to Dr. Johnson. He said he loved your
+spirit, and was exceedingly sorry that he had been the cause of the
+smallest uneasiness to you. There is not a more candid man in the world
+than he is, when properly addressed, as you will see from his letter to
+you, which I now enclose. He has allowed me to take a copy of it, and he
+says you may read it to your clan, or publish it if you please. Be
+assured, Sir, that I shall take care of what he has entrusted to me,
+which is to have an acknowledgement of his errour inserted in the
+Edinburgh newspapers. You will, I dare say, be fully satisfied with Dr.
+Johnson's behaviour. He is desirous to know that you are; and therefore
+when you have read his acknowledgement in the papers, I beg you may
+write to me; and if you choose it, I am persuaded a letter from you to
+the Doctor also will be taken kind. I shall be at Edinburgh the week
+after next.
+
+'Any civilities which my wife and I had in our power to shew to your
+daughter, Miss M'Leod, were due to her own merit, and were well repaid
+by her agreeable company. But I am sure I should be a very unworthy man
+if I did not wish to shew a grateful sense of the hospitable and genteel
+manner in which you were pleased to treat me. Be assured, my dear Sir,
+that I shall never forget your goodness, and the happy hours which I
+spent in Rasay.
+
+'You and Dr. M'Leod were both so obliging as to promise me an account in
+writing, of all the particulars which each of you remember, concerning
+the transactions of 1745-6. Pray do not forget this, and be as minute
+and full as you can; put down every thing; I have a great curiosity to
+know as much as I can, authentically.
+
+'I beg that you may present my best respects to Lady Rasay, my
+compliments to your young family, and to Dr. M'Leod; and my hearty good
+wishes to Malcolm, with whom I hope again to shake hands cordially. I
+have the honour to be,
+
+'Dear Sir,
+
+'Your obliged and faithful humble servant,
+
+'JAMES BOSWELL.'  ADVERTISEMENT, written by Dr. Johnson, and inserted
+by his desire in the Edinburgh newspapers:--Referred to in the foregoing
+letter[1140].
+
+_'THE authour of the_ Journey to the Western Islands, _having related
+that the M'Leods of Rasay acknowledge the chieftainship or superiority
+of the M'Leods of Sky, finds that he has been misinformed or mistaken.
+He means in a future edition to correct his errour[1141], and wishes to
+be told of more, if more have been discovered.'_
+
+Dr. Johnson's letter was as follows:--
+
+'To THE LAIRD OF RASAY.
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+
+'Mr. Boswell has this day shewn me a letter, in which you complain of a
+passage in _The Journey to the Hebrides._ My meaning is mistaken. I did
+not intend to say that you had personally made any cession of the rights
+of your house, or any acknowledgement of the superiority of M'Leod of
+Dunvegan. I only designed to express what I thought generally
+admitted,--that the house of Rasay allowed the superiority of the house
+of Dunvegan. Even this I now find to be erroneous, and will therefore
+omit or retract it in the next edition.
+
+'Though what I had said had been true, if it had been disagreeable to
+you, I should have wished it unsaid; for it is not my business to adjust
+precedence. As it is mistaken, I find myself disposed to correct, both
+by my respect for you, and my reverence for truth.  'As I know not when
+the book will be reprinted, I have desired Mr. Boswell to anticipate the
+correction in the Edinburgh papers. This is all that can be done.
+
+'I hope I may now venture to desire that my compliments may be made, and
+my gratitude expressed, to Lady Rasay, Mr. Malcolm M'Leod, Mr. Donald
+M'Queen, and all the gentlemen and all the ladies whom I saw in the
+island of Rasay; a place which I remember with too much pleasure and too
+much kindness, not to be sorry that my ignorance, or hasty persuasion,
+should, for a single moment, have violated its tranquillity.
+
+'I beg you all to forgive an undesigned and involuntary injury, and to
+consider me as,
+
+'Sir, your most obliged,
+
+'And most humble servant,
+
+'SAM. JOHNSON[1142].'
+
+'London, May 6, 1775.'
+
+It would be improper for me to boast of my own labours; but I cannot
+refrain from publishing such praise as I received from such a man as Sir
+William Forbes, of Pitsligo, after the perusal of the original
+manuscript of my _Journal_[1143].
+
+'To JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ.
+
+'Edinburgh, March 7, 1777.
+
+'My DEAR SIR,
+
+'I ought to have thanked you sooner, for your very obliging letter, and
+for the singular confidence you are pleased to place in me, when you
+trust me with such a curious and valuable deposit as the papers you
+have sent me[1144]. Be assured I have a due sense of this favour, and
+shall faithfully and carefully return them to you. You may rely that I
+shall neither copy any part, nor permit the papers to be seen.
+
+'They contain a curious picture of society, and form a journal on the
+most instructive plan that can possibly be thought of; for I am not sure
+that an ordinary observer would become so well acquainted either with
+Dr. Johnson, or with the manners of the Hebrides, by a personal
+intercourse, as by a perusal of your _Journal_.
+
+'I am, very truly,
+
+'Dear Sir,
+
+'Your most obedient,
+
+'And affectionate humble servant,
+
+'WILLIAM FORBES.'
+
+When I consider how many of the persons mentioned in this Tour
+are now gone to 'that undiscovered country, from whose bourne no
+traveller returns[1145],' I feel an impression at once awful and
+tender.--_Requiescant in pace!_
+
+It may be objected by some persons, as it has been by one of my friends,
+that he who has the power of thus exhibiting an exact transcript of
+conversations is not a desirable member of society. I repeat the answer
+which I made to that friend:--'Few, very few, need be afraid that their
+sayings will be recorded. Can it be imagined that I would take the
+trouble to gather what grows on every hedge, because I have collected
+such fruits as the _Nonpareil_ and the BON CHRETIEN[1146]?'
+
+On the other hand, how useful is such a faculty, if well exercised! To
+it we owe all those interesting apophthegms and _memorabilia_ of the
+ancients, which Plutarch, Xenophon, and Valerius Maximus, have
+transmitted to us. To it we owe all those instructive and entertaining
+collections which the French have made under the title of _Ana_, affixed
+to some celebrated name. To it we owe the _Table-Talk_ of Selden[1147],
+the _Conversation_ between Ben Jonson and Drummond of Hawthornden,
+Spence's _Anecdotes_ of Pope[1148], and other valuable remains in our
+own language. How delighted should we have been, if thus introduced into
+the company of Shakspeare and of Dryden[1149], of whom we know scarcely
+any thing but their admirable writings! What pleasure would it have
+given us, to have known their petty habits, their characteristick
+manners, their modes of composition, and their genuine opinion of
+preceding writers and of their contemporaries! All these are now
+irrecoverably lost. Considering how many of the strongest and most
+brilliant effusions of exalted intellect must have perished, how much is
+it to be regretted that all men of distinguished wisdom and wit have not
+been attended by friends, of taste enough to relish, and abilities
+enough to register their conversation;
+
+     'Vixere fortes ante Agamemnona
+      Multi, sed omnes illacrymabiles
+      Urgentur, ignotique longa
+      Nocte, carent quia vate sacro[1150].'
+
+They whose inferiour exertions are recorded, as serving to explain or
+illustrate the sayings of such men, may be proud of being thus
+associated, and of their names being transmitted to posterity, by being
+appended to an illustrious character.
+
+Before I conclude, I think it proper to say, that I have
+suppressed[1151] every thing which I thought could _really_ hurt any
+one now living. Vanity and self-conceit indeed may sometimes suffer.
+With respect to what _is_ related, I considered it my duty to 'extenuate
+nothing, nor set down aught in malice[1152];' and with those lighter
+strokes of Dr. Johnson's satire, proceeding from a warmth and quickness
+of imagination, not from any malevolence of heart, and which, on account
+of their excellence, could not be omitted, I trust that they who are the
+subject of them have good sense and good temper enough not to be
+displeased.
+
+I have only to add, that I shall ever reflect with great pleasure on a
+Tour, which has been the means of preserving so much of the enlightened
+and instructive conversation of one whose virtues will, I hope, ever be
+an object of imitation, and whose powers of mind were so extraordinary,
+that ages may revolve before such a man shall again appear.
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+No. I.
+
+_In justice to the ingenious_ DR. BLACKLOCK, _I publish the following
+letter from him, relative to a passage in p. 47._
+
+'TO JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ.
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+
+'Having lately had the pleasure of reading your account of the journey
+which you took with Dr. Samuel Johnson to the Western Isles, I take the
+liberty of transmitting my ideas of the conversation which happened
+between the doctor and myself concerning Lexicography and Poetry, which,
+as it is a little different from the delineation exhibited in the former
+edition of your _Journal_, cannot, I hope, be unacceptable; particularly
+since I have been informed that a second edition of that work is now in
+contemplation, if not in execution: and I am still more strongly tempted
+to encourage that hope, from considering that, if every one concerned in
+the conversations related, were to send you what they can recollect of
+these colloquial entertainments, many curious and interesting
+particulars might be recovered, which the most assiduous attention could
+not observe, nor the most tenacious memory retain. A little reflection,
+Sir, will convince you, that there is not an axiom in Euclid more
+intuitive nor more evident than the doctor's assertion that poetry was
+of much easier execution than lexicography. Any mind therefore endowed
+with common sense, must have been extremely absent from itself, if it
+discovered the least astonishment from hearing that a poem might be
+written with much more facility than the same quantity of a dictionary.
+
+'The real cause of my surprise was what appeared to me much more
+paradoxical, that he could write a sheet of dictionary _with as much
+pleasure_ as a sheet of poetry. He acknowledged, indeed, that the latter
+was much easier than the former. For in the one case, books and a desk
+were requisite; in the other, you might compose when lying in bed, or
+walking in the fields, &c. He did not, however, descend to explain, nor
+to this moment can I comprehend, how the labours of a mere Philologist,
+in the most refined sense of that term, could give equal pleasure with
+the exercise of a mind replete with elevated conceptions and pathetic
+ideas, while taste, fancy, and intellect were deeply enamoured of
+nature, and in full exertion. You may likewise, perhaps, remember, that
+when I complained of the ground which Scepticism in religion and morals
+was continually gaining, it did not appear to be on my own account, as
+my private opinions upon these important subjects had long been
+inflexibly determined. What I then deplored, and still deplore, was the
+unhappy influence which that gloomy hesitation had, not only upon
+particular characters, but even upon life in general; as being equally
+the bane of action in our present state, and of such consolations as we
+might derive from the hopes of a future.
+
+'I have the pleasure of remaining with sincere esteem and respect,
+
+'Dear Sir,
+
+'Your most obedient humble servant,
+
+'THOMAS BLACKLOCK.'
+
+'Edinburgh, Nov. 12, 1785.'
+
+I am very happy to find that Dr. Blacklock's apparent uneasiness on the
+subject of Scepticism was not on his own account, (as I supposed) but
+from a benevolent concern for the happiness of mankind. With respect,
+however, to the question concerning poetry, and composing a dictionary,
+I am confident that my state of Dr. Johnson's position is accurate. One
+may misconceive the motive by which a person is induced to discuss a
+particular topick (as in the case of Dr. Blacklock's speaking of
+Scepticism); but an assertion, like that made by Dr. Johnson, cannot be
+easily mistaken. And indeed it seems not very probable, that he who so
+pathetically laments the _drudgery_[1153] to which the unhappy
+lexicographer is doomed, and is known to have written his splendid
+imitation of _Juvenal_ with astonishing rapidity[1154], should have had
+'as much pleasure in writing a sheet of a dictionary as a sheet of
+poetry[1155].' Nor can I concur with the ingenious writer of the
+foregoing letter, in thinking it an axiom as evident as any in Euclid,
+that 'poetry is of easier execution than lexicography.' I have no doubt
+that Bailey[1156], and the 'mighty blunderbuss of law[1157],' Jacob,
+wrote ten pages of their respective _Dictionaries_ with more ease than
+they could have written five pages of poetry.
+
+If this book should again be reprinted, I shall with the utmost
+readiness correct any errours I may have committed, in stating
+conversations, provided it can be clearly shewn to me that I have been
+inaccurate. But I am slow to believe, (as I have elsewhere
+observed[1158]) that any man's memory, at the distance of several years,
+can preserve facts or sayings with such fidelity as may be done by
+writing them down when they are recent: and I beg it may be remembered,
+that it is not upon _memory_, but upon what was _written at the time_,
+that the authenticity of my _Journal_ rests.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+No. II.
+
+Verses written by Sir Alexander (now Lord) Macdonald; addressed and
+presented to Dr. Johnson, at Armidale in the Isle of Sky[1159].
+
+     Viator, o qui nostra per aequora
+     Visurus agros Skiaticos venis,
+       En te salutantes tributim
+         Undique conglomerantur oris.
+
+     Donaldiani,--quotquot in insulis
+     Compescit arctis limitibus mare;
+       Alitque jamdudum, ac alendos
+         Piscibus indigenas fovebit.
+
+     Ciere fluctus siste, Procelliger,
+     Nec tu laborans perge, precor, ratis,
+       Ne conjugem plangat marita,
+         Ne doleat soboles parentem.
+
+     Nec te vicissim poeniteat virum
+     Luxisse;--vestro scimus ut aestuant
+       In corde luctantes dolores,
+         Cum feriant inopina corpus.
+
+     Quidni! peremptum clade tuentibus
+     Plus semper illo qui moritur pati
+       Datur, doloris dum profundos
+         Pervia mens aperit recessus.
+
+     Valete luctus;--hinc lacrymabiles
+     Arcete visus:--ibimus, ibimus
+       Superbienti qua theatro
+         Fingaliae memorantur aulae.
+
+     Illustris hospes! mox spatiabere
+     Qua mens ruinae ducta meatibus
+       Gaudebit explorare coetus,
+         Buccina qua cecinit triumphos;
+
+     Audin? resurgens spirat anhelitu
+     Dux usitato, suscitat efficax
+       Poeta manes, ingruitque
+         Vi solitâ redivivus horror.
+
+     Ahaena quassans tela gravi manu
+     Sic ibat atrox Ossiani pater:
+       Quiescat urnâ, stet fidelis
+         Phersonius vigil ad favillam.
+
+
+
+
+_Preparing for the Press, in one Volume Quarto_,
+
+THE LIFE OF SAMUEL JOHNSON, LL.D.
+
+BY _JAMES BOSWELL_, ESQ.
+
+Mr. Boswell has been collecting materials for this work for more than
+twenty years, during which he was honoured with the intimate friendship
+of Dr. Johnson; to whose memory he is ambitious to erect a literary
+monument, worthy of so great an authour, and so excellent a man. Dr.
+Johnson was well informed of his design, and obligingly communicated to
+him several curious particulars. With these will be interwoven the most
+authentick accounts that can be obtained from those who knew him best;
+many sketches of his conversation on a multiplicity of subjects, with
+various persons, some of them the most eminent of the age; a great
+number of letters from him at different periods, and several original
+pieces dictated by him to Mr. Boswell, distinguished by that peculiar
+energy, which marked every emanation of his mind.
+
+Mr. Boswell takes this opportunity of gratefully acknowledging the many
+valuable communications which he has received to enable him to render
+his _Life of Dr. Johnson_ more complete. His thanks are particularly due
+to the Rev. Dr. Adams, the Rev. Dr. Taylor, Sir Joshua Reynolds, Mr.
+Langton, Dr. Brocklesby, the Rev. Thomas Warton, Mr. Hector of
+Birmingham, Mrs. Porter, and Miss Seward.
+
+He has already obtained a large collection of Dr. Johnson's letters to
+his friends, and shall be much obliged for such others as yet remain in
+private hands; which he is the more desirous of collecting, as all the
+letters of that great man, which he has yet seen, are written with
+peculiar precision and elegance; and he is confident that the
+publication of the whole of Dr. Johnson's epistolary correspondence
+will do him the highest honour.
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX A.
+
+(_Page_ 80.)
+
+As no one reads Warburton now--I bought the five volumes of his
+_Divine Legation_ in excellent condition, bound in calf, for ten pence--one
+or two extracts from his writing may be of interest. His Dedication
+of that work to the Free-Thinkers is as vigorous as it is abusive. It has
+such passages as the following:--'Low and mean as your buffoonery is,
+it is yet to the level of the people:' p. xi. 'I have now done with
+your buffoonery, which, like chewed bullets, is against the law of arms;
+and come next to your scurrilities, those stink-pots of your offensive
+war.' _Ib. p. xxii_. On page xl. he returns again to their '_cold_
+buffoonery.' In the Appendix to vol. v, p. 414, he thus wittily replies
+to Lowth, who had maintained that 'idolatry was punished under the
+DOMINION of Melchisedec'(p. 409):--'Melchisedec's story is a short
+one; he is just brought into the scene to _bless_ Abraham in his return
+from conquest. This promises but ill. Had this _King and Priest of
+Salem_ been brought in _cursing_, it had had a better appearance: for, I
+think, punishment for opinions which generally ends in a _fagot_ always
+begins with a _curse_. But we may be misled perhaps by a wrong translation.
+The Hebrew word to _bless_ signifies likewise to _curse_, and under
+the management of an intolerant priest good things easily run into their
+contraries. What follows is his taking _tythes_ from Abraham. Nor will
+this serve our purpose, unless we interpret these _tythes_ into _fines for
+non-conformity_; and then by the _blessing_ we can easily understand
+_absolution_. We have seen much stranger things done with the _Hebrew
+verity_. If this be not allowed, I do not see how we can elicit fire and
+fagot from this adventure; for I think there is no inseparable connexion
+between _tythes_ and _persecution_ but in the ideas of a Quaker.--And
+so much for King Melchisedec. But the learned _Professor_, who
+has been hardily brought up in the keen atmosphere of WHOLESOME
+SEVERITIES and early taught to distinguish between _de facto_ and _de
+jure_, thought it 'needless to enquire into _facts_, when he was secure
+of the _right_'.
+
+This 'keen atmosphere of wholesome severities' reappears by the
+way in Mason's continuation of Gray's Ode to Vicissitude:--
+
+     'That breathes the keen yet wholesome air
+      Of rugged penury.'
+
+And later in the first book of Wordsworth's _Excursion_
+(ed. 1857, vi. 29):--
+
+     'The keen, the wholesome air of poverty.'
+
+Johnson said of Warburton: 'His abilities gave him an haughty confidence,
+which he disdained to conceal or mollify; and his impatience
+of opposition disposed him to treat his adversaries with such contemptuous
+superiority as made his readers commonly his enemies, and
+excited against the advocate the wishes of some who favoured the cause.
+He seems to have adopted the Roman Emperour's determination,
+_oderint dum metuant_; he used no allurements of gentle language, but
+wished to compel rather than persuade.' Johnson's _Works_, viii. 288.
+See _ante_, ii. 36, and iv. 46.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+APPENDIX B.
+
+(_Page_ 158.)
+
+Johnson's Ode written in Sky was thus translated by Lord
+Houghton:--
+
+     'Where constant mist enshrouds the rocks,
+      Shattered in earth's primeval shocks,
+      And niggard Nature ever mocks
+                The labourer's toil,
+      I roam through clans of savage men,
+      Untamed by arts, untaught by pen;
+      Or cower within some squalid den
+                O'er reeking soil.
+
+      Through paths that halt from stone to stone,
+      Amid the din of tongues unknown,
+      One image haunts my soul alone,
+                Thine, gentle Thrale!
+      Soothes she, I ask, her spouse's care?
+      Does mother-love its charge prepare?
+      Stores she her mind with knowledge rare,
+                Or lively tale?
+
+Forget me not! thy faith I claim,
+      Holding a faith that cannot die,
+      That fills with thy benignant name
+                These shores of Sky.'
+
+Hayward's _Piozzi_, i. 29.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+APPENDIX C.
+
+(_Page_ 307.)
+
+Johnson's use of the word _big_, where he says 'I wish thy books were
+twice as big,' enables me to explain a passage in _The Life of Johnson
+(ante_, iii. 348) which had long puzzled me. Boswell there represents
+him as saying:--'A man who loses at play, or who runs out his fortune at
+court, makes his estate less, in hopes of making it _bigger_.' Boswell
+adds in a parenthesis:--'I am sure of this word, which was often used by
+him.' He had been criticised by a writer in the _Gent. Mag_. 1785, p.
+968, who quoting from the text the words 'a _big_ book,' says:--'Mr.
+Boswell has made his friend (as in a few other passages) guilty of a
+_Scotticism_. An Englishman reads and writes a _large_ book, and wears a
+_great_ (not a _big_ or _bag_) coat.' When Boswell came to publish _The
+Life of Johnson_, he took the opportunity to justify himself, though he
+did not care to refer directly to his anonymous critic. This
+explanation I discovered too late to insert in the text.
+
+
+
+
+A JOURNEY
+
+INTO
+
+NORTH WALES,
+
+IN
+
+THE YEAR 1774.[1160]
+
+
+TUESDAY, JULY 5.
+
+We left Streatham 11 a.m.
+Price of four horses 2s. a mile.
+
+JULY 6.
+
+Barnet 1.40 p.m.
+On the road I read Tully's _Epistles_.
+At night at Dunstable.
+To Lichfield, 83 miles.
+To the Swan[1161].
+
+JULY 7.
+
+To Mrs. Porter's[1162].
+To the Cathedral.
+To Mrs. Aston's.
+To Mr. Green's.
+Mr. Green's Museum was much admired, and
+Mr. Newton's china.
+
+JULY 8.
+
+To Mr. Newton's. To Mrs. Cobb's.
+Dr. Darwin's[1163]. I went again to Mrs. Aston's. She was sorry to part.
+
+JULY 9.
+
+Breakfasted at Mr. Garrick's.
+Visited Miss Vyse[1164].
+Miss Seward.
+Went to Dr. Taylor's.
+I read a little on the road in Tully's _Epistles_ and _Martial_.
+Mart. 8th, 44, 'lino pro limo[1165].'
+
+JULY 10.
+Morning, at church. Company at dinner.
+
+JULY 11.
+
+At Ham[1166]. At Oakover. I was less pleased with Ham than when I saw it
+first, but my friends were much delighted.
+
+JULY 12.
+
+At Chatsworth. The Water willow. The cascade shot out from many spouts.
+The fountains[1167]. The water tree[1168]. The smooth floors in the
+highest rooms. Atlas, fifteen hands inch and half[1169].
+
+River running through the park. The porticoes on the sides support two
+galleries for the first floor.
+
+My friends were not struck with the house. It fell below my ideas of the
+furniture. The staircase is in the corner of the house. The hall in the
+corner the grandest room, though only a room of passage.
+
+On the ground-floor, only the chapel and breakfast-room, and a small
+library; the rest, servants' rooms and offices[1170].
+
+A bad inn.
+
+JULY 13.
+
+At Matlock.
+
+JULY 14.
+
+At dinner at Oakover; too deaf to hear, or much converse. Mrs. Gell.
+
+The chapel at Oakover. The wood of the pews grossly painted. I could not
+read the epitaph. Would learn the old hands.
+
+JULY 15.
+
+At Ashbourn. Mrs. Diot and her daughters came in the morning. Mr. Diot
+dined with us. We visited Mr. Flint.
+
+     [Greek: To proton Moros, to de deuteron ei en Erasmos,
+     To triton ek Mouson stemma Mikullos echei.][1171]
+
+JULY 16.
+
+At Dovedale, with Mr. Langley[1172] and Mr. Flint. It is a place that
+deserves a visit; but did not answer my expectation. The river is small,
+the rocks are grand. Reynard's Hall is a cave very high in the rock; it
+goes backward several yards, perhaps eight. To the left is a small
+opening, through which I crept, and found another cavern, perhaps four
+yards square; at the back was a breach yet smaller, which I could not
+easily have entered, and, wanting light, did not inspect.
+
+I was in a cave yet higher, called Reynard's Kitchen. There is a rock
+called the Church, in which I saw no resemblance that could justify
+the name.
+
+Dovedale is about two miles long. We walked towards the head of the
+Dove, which is said to rise about five miles above two caves called the
+Dog-holes, at the end of Dovedale.
+
+In one place, where the rocks approached, I proposed to build an arch
+from rock to rock over the stream, with a summer-house upon it.
+
+The water murmured pleasantly among the stones.
+
+I thought that the heat and exercise mended my hearing. I bore the
+fatigue of the walk, which was very laborious, without inconvenience.
+
+There were with us Gilpin[1173] and Parker[1174]. Having heard of this
+place before, I had formed some imperfect idea, to which it did not
+answer. Brown[1175] says he was disappointed. I certainly expected a
+larger river where I found only a clear quick brook. I believe I had
+imaged a valley enclosed by rocks, and terminated by a broad expanse
+of water.
+
+He that has seen Dovedale has no need to visit the Highlands.
+
+In the afternoon we visited old Mrs. Dale.
+
+JULY 17.
+
+Sunday morning, at church.
+
+Afternoon, at Mr. Diot's.
+
+JULY 18.
+
+Dined at Mr. Gell's[1176].
+
+JULY 19.
+
+We went to Kedleston[1177] to see Lord Scarsdale's new house, which is
+very costly, but ill contrived. The hall is very stately, lighted by
+three skylights; it has two rows of marble pillars, dug, as I hear from
+Langley, in a quarry of Northamptonshire; the pillars are very large and
+massy, and take up too much room; they were better away. Behind the hall
+is a circular saloon, useless, and therefore ill contrived.
+
+The corridors that join the wings to the body are mere passages through
+segments of circles. The state bed-chamber was very richly furnished.
+The dining parlour was more splendid with gilt plate than any that I
+have seen. There were many pictures. The grandeur was all below. The
+bedchambers were small, low, dark, and fitter for a prison than a house
+of splendour. The kitchen has an opening into the gallery, by which its
+heat and its fumes are dispersed over the house. There seemed in the
+whole more cost than judgment.
+
+We went then to the silk mill at Derby[1178], where I remarked a
+particular manner of propagating motion from a horizontal to a
+vertical wheel.
+
+We were desired to leave the men only two shillings. Mr. Thrale's bill
+at the inn for dinner was eighteen shillings and tenpence.
+
+At night I went to Mr. Langley's, Mrs. Wood's, Captain Astle, &c.
+
+JULY 20.
+
+We left Ashbourn and went to Buxton, thence to Pool's Hole, which is
+narrow at first, but then rises into a high arch; but is so obstructed
+with crags, that it is difficult to walk in it. There are two ways to
+the end, which is, they say, six hundred and fifty yards from the mouth.
+They take passengers up the higher way, and bring them back the lower.
+The higher way was so difficult and dangerous, that, having tried it, I
+desisted. I found no level part.
+
+At night we came to Macclesfield, a very large town in Cheshire, little
+known. It has a silk mill: it has a handsome church, which, however, is
+but a chapel, for the town belongs to some parish of another name[1179],
+as Stourbridge lately did to Old Swinford.
+
+Macclesfield has a town-hall, and is, I suppose, a corporate town.
+
+JULY 21.
+
+We came to Congleton, where there is likewise a silk mill. Then to
+Middlewich, a mean old town, without any manufacture, but, I think, a
+Corporation. Thence we proceeded to Namptwich, an old town: from the
+inn, I saw scarcely any but black timber houses. I tasted the brine
+water, which contains much more salt than the sea water. By slow
+evaporation, they make large crystals of salt; by quick boiling, small
+granulations. It seemed to have no other preparation.
+
+At evening we came to Combermere[1180], so called from a wide lake.
+
+JULY 22.
+
+We went upon the Mere. I pulled a bulrush of about ten feet. I saw no
+convenient boats upon the Mere.
+
+JULY 23.
+
+We visited Lord Kilmorey's house[1181]. It is large and convenient, with
+many rooms, none of which are magnificently spacious. The furniture was
+not splendid. The bed-curtains were guarded[1182]. Lord Kilmorey shewed
+the place with too much exultation. He has no park, and little
+water[1183].
+
+JULY 24.
+
+We went to a chapel, built by Sir Lynch Cotton for his tenants. It is
+consecrated, and therefore, I suppose, endowed. It is neat and plain.
+The Communion plate is handsome. It has iron pales and gates of great
+elegance, brought from Lleweney, 'for Robert has laid all open[1184].'
+
+We saw Hawkestone, the seat of Sir Rowland Hill, and were conducted by
+Miss Hill over a large tract of rocks and woods; a region abounding with
+striking scenes and terrifick grandeur. We were always on the brink of a
+precipice, or at the foot of a lofty rock; but the steeps were seldom
+naked: in many places, oaks of uncommon magnitude shot up from the
+crannies of stone; and where there were not tall trees, there were
+underwoods and bushes.
+
+Round the rocks is a narrow patch cut upon the stone, which is very
+frequently hewn into steps; but art has proceeded no further than to
+make the succession of wonders safely accessible. The whole circuit is
+somewhat laborious; it is terminated by a grotto cut in a rock to a
+great extent, with many windings, and supported by pillars, not hewn
+into regularity, but such as imitate the sports of nature, by asperities
+and protuberances.
+
+The place is without any dampness, and would afford an habitation not
+uncomfortable. There were from space to space seats in the rock. Though
+it wants water, it excels Dovedale by the extent of its prospects, the
+awfulness of its shades, the horrors of its precipices, the verdure of
+its hollows, and the loftiness of its rocks: the ideas which it forces
+upon the mind are, the sublime, the dreadful, and the vast. Above is
+inaccessible altitude, below is horrible profundity. But it excels the
+garden of Ilam only in extent.
+
+Ilam has grandeur, tempered with softness; the walker congratulates his
+own arrival at the place, and is grieved to think that he must ever
+leave it. As he looks up to the rocks, his thoughts are elevated; as he
+turns his eyes on the vallies, he is composed and soothed.
+
+He that mounts the precipices at Hawkestone, wonders how he came
+thither, and doubts how he shall return. His walk is an adventure, and
+his departure an escape. He has not the tranquillity, but the horror, of
+solitude; a kind of turbulent pleasure, between fright and admiration.
+
+Ilam is the fit abode of pastoral virtue, and might properly diffuse its
+shades over Nymphs and Swains. Hawkestone can have no fitter inhabitants
+than giants of mighty bone and bold emprise[1185]; men of lawless
+courage and heroic violence. Hawkestone should be described by Milton,
+and Ilam by Parnel.
+
+Miss Hill shewed the whole succession of wonders with great civility.
+The house was magnificent, compared with the rank of the owner.
+
+JULY 26.
+
+We left Combermere, where we have been treated with great civility. Sir
+L. is gross, the lady weak and ignorant. The house is spacious, but not
+magnificent; built at different times, with different materials; part is
+of timber, part of stone or brick, plastered and painted to look like
+timber. It is the best house that I ever saw of that kind.
+
+The Mere, or Lake, is large, with a small island, on which there is a
+summer-house, shaded with great trees; some were hollow, and have seats
+in their trunks.
+
+In the afternoon we came to West-Chester; (my father went to the fair,
+when I had the small-pox). We walked round the walls, which are
+compleat, and contain one mile three quarters, and one hundred and one
+yards; within them are many gardens: they are very high, and two may
+walk very commodiously side by side. On the inside is a rail. There are
+towers from space to space, not very frequent, and, I think, not all
+compleat[1186].
+
+JULY 27.
+
+We staid at Chester and saw the Cathedral, which is not of the first
+rank. The Castle. In one of the rooms the Assizes are held, and the
+refectory of the Old Abbey, of which part is a grammar school. The
+master seemed glad to see me. The cloister is very solemn; over it are
+chambers in which the singing men live.
+
+In one part of the street was a subterranean arch, very strongly built;
+in another, what they called, I believe rightly, a Roman hypocaust.
+
+Chester has many curiosities.
+
+JULY 28.
+
+We entered Wales, dined at Mold, and came to Lleweney[1187].
+
+JULY 29.
+
+We were at Lleweney.
+
+In the lawn at Lleweney is a spring of fine water, which rises above the
+surface into a stone basin, from which it runs to waste, in a continual
+stream, through a pipe.
+
+There are very large trees.
+
+The Hall at Lleweney is forty feet long, and twenty-eight broad. The
+gallery one hundred and twenty feet long, (all paved.) The Library
+forty-two feet long, and twenty-eight broad. The Dining-parlours
+thirty-six feet long, and twenty-six broad.
+
+It is partly sashed, and partly has casements.
+
+JULY 30.
+
+We went to Bâch y Graig, where we found an old house, built 1567, in an
+uncommon and incommodious form. My Mistress[1188] chattered about
+tiring, but I prevailed on her to go to the top. The floors have been
+stolen: the windows are stopped.
+
+The house was less than I seemed to expect; the river Clwyd is a brook
+with a bridge of one arch, about one third of a mile.
+
+The woods[1189] have many trees, generally young; but some which seem to
+decay. They have been lopped. The house never had a garden. The addition
+of another story would make an useful house, but it cannot be great.
+Some buildings which Clough, the founder, intended for warehouses, would
+make store-chambers and servants' rooms[1190]. The ground seems to be
+good. I wish it well.
+
+JULY 31.  We went to church at St. Asaph. The Cathedral, though not
+large, has something of dignity and grandeur. The cross aisle is very
+short. It has scarcely any monuments. The Quire has, I think, thirty-two
+stalls of antique workmanship. On the backs were CANONICUS, PREBEND,
+CANCELLARIUS, THESAURARIUS, PRAECENTOR. The constitution I do not know,
+but it has all the usual titles and dignities. The service was sung only
+in the Psalms and Hymns.
+
+The Bishop was very civil[1191]. We went to his palace, which is but
+mean. They have a library, and design a room. There lived Lloyd[1192]
+and Dodwell[1193].
+
+AUGUST 1.
+
+We visited Denbigh, and the remains of its Castle.
+
+The town consists of one main street, and some that cross it, which I
+have not seen. The chief street ascends with a quick rise for a great
+length: the houses are built, some with rough stone, some with brick,
+and a few are of timber.
+
+The Castle, with its whole enclosure, has been a prodigious pile; it is
+now so ruined, that the form of the inhabited part cannot easily
+be traced.
+
+There are, as in all old buildings, said to be extensive vaults, which
+the ruins of the upper works cover and conceal, but into which boys
+sometimes find a way. To clear all passages, and trace the whole of what
+remains, would require much labour and expense. We saw a Church, which
+was once the Chapel of the Castle, but is used by the town: it is
+dedicated to St. Hilary, and has an income of about--
+
+At a small distance is the ruin of a Church said to have been begun by
+the great Earl of Leicester[1194], and left unfinished at his death. One
+side, and I think the east end, are yet standing. There was a stone in
+the wall, over the door-way, which it was said would fall and crush the
+best scholar in the diocese. One Price would not pass under it[1195].
+They have taken it down.
+
+We then saw the Chapel of Lleweney, founded by one of the Salusburies:
+it is very compleat: the monumental stones lie in the ground. A chimney
+has been added to it, but it is otherwise not much injured, and might be
+easily repaired.
+
+We went to the parish Church of Denbigh, which, being near a mile from
+the town, is only used when the parish officers are chosen.
+
+In the Chapel, on Sundays, the service is read thrice, the second time
+only in English, the first and third in Welsh. The Bishop came to survey
+the Castle, and visited likewise St. Hilary's Chapel, which is that
+which the town uses. The hay-barn, built with brick pillars from space
+to space, and covered with a roof. A more[1196] elegant and lofty Hovel.
+
+The rivers here, are mere torrents which are suddenly swelled by the
+rain to great breadth and great violence, but have very little constant
+stream; such are the Clwyd and the Elwy. There are yet no mountains. The
+ground is beautifully embellished with woods, and diversified by
+inequalities.
+
+In the parish church of Denbigh is a bas relief of Lloyd the antiquary,
+who was before Camden. He is kneeling at his prayers[1197].
+
+AUGUST 2.
+
+We rode to a summer-house of Mr. Cotton, which has a very extensive
+prospect; it is meanly built, and unskilfully disposed.
+
+We went to Dymerchion Church, where the old clerk acknowledged his
+Mistress. It is the parish church of Bâch y Graig. A mean fabrick: Mr.
+Salusbury[1198] was buried in it. Bâch y Graig has fourteen seats
+in it.
+
+As we rode by, I looked at the house again. We saw Llannerch, a house
+not mean, with a small park very well watered. There was an avenue of
+oaks, which, in a foolish compliance with the present mode, has been cut
+down[1199]. A few are yet standing. The owner's name is Davies.
+
+The way lay through pleasant lanes, and overlooked a region beautifully
+diversified with trees and grass[1200].
+
+At Dymerchion Church there is English service only once a month. This is
+about twenty miles from the English border.
+
+The old clerk had great appearance of joy at the sight of his Mistress,
+and foolishly said, that he was now willing to die. He had only a crown
+given him by my Mistress[1201].
+
+At Dymerchion Church the texts on the walls are in Welsh.
+
+AUGUST 3.
+
+     We went in the coach to Holywell.
+     Talk with Mistress about flattery[1202].
+
+Holywell is a market town, neither very small nor mean. The spring
+called Winifred's Well is very clear, and so copious, that it yields one
+hundred tuns of water in a minute. It is all at once a very great
+stream, which, within perhaps thirty yards of its eruption, turns a
+mill, and in a course of two miles, eighteen mills more. In descent, it
+is very quick. It then falls into the sea. The well is covered by a
+lofty circular arch, supported by pillars; and over this arch is an old
+chapel, now a school. The chancel is separated by a wall. The bath is
+completely and indecently open. A woman bathed while we all looked on.
+
+In the Church, which makes a good appearance, and is surrounded by
+galleries to receive a numerous congregation, we were present while a
+child was christened in Welsh.
+
+We went down by the stream to see a prospect, in which I had no part. We
+then saw a brass work, where the lapis calaminaris[1203] is gathered,
+broken, washed from the earth and the lead, though how the lead was
+separated I did not see; then calcined, afterwards ground fine, and then
+mixed by fire with the copper.
+
+We saw several strong fires with melting pots, but the construction of
+the fire-places I did not learn.
+
+At a copper-work which receives its pigs of copper, I think, from
+Warrington, we saw a plate of copper put hot between steel rollers, and
+spread thin; I know not whether the upper roller was set to a certain
+distance, as I suppose, or acted only by its weight.
+
+At an iron-work I saw round bars formed by a knotched hammer and anvil.
+There I saw a bar of about half an inch, or more, square cut with shears
+worked by water, and then beaten hot into a thinner bar. The hammers all
+worked, as they were, by water, acting upon small bodies, moved very
+quick, as quick as by the hand.
+
+I then saw wire drawn, and gave a shilling. I have enlarged my
+notions[1204], though not being able to see the movements, and having
+not time to peep closely, I know less than I might. I was less weary,
+and had better breath, as I walked farther.
+
+AUGUST 4.
+
+Ruthin Castle is still a very noble ruin; all the walls still remain, so
+that a compleat platform, and elevations, not very imperfect, may be
+taken. It encloses a square of about thirty yards. The middle space was
+always open.
+
+The wall is, I believe, about thirty feet high, very thick, flanked with
+six round towers, each about eighteen feet, or less, in diameter. Only
+one tower had a chimney, so that there was[1205] commodity of living. It
+was only a place of strength. The garrison had, perhaps, tents in
+the area.
+
+Stapylton's house is pretty[1206]: there are pleasing shades about it,
+with a constant spring that supplies a cold bath. We then went to see
+a Cascade.
+
+I trudged unwillingly, and was not sorry to find it dry. The water was,
+however, turned on, and produced a very striking cataract. They are paid
+an hundred pounds a year for permission to divert the stream to the
+mines. The river, for such it may be termed[1207], rises from a single
+spring, which, like that of Winifred's, is covered with a building.
+
+We called then at another house belonging to Mr. Lloyd, which made a
+handsome appearance. This country seems full of very splendid houses.
+
+Mrs. Thrale lost her purse. She expressed so much uneasiness, that I
+concluded the sum to be very great; but when I heard of only seven
+guineas, I was glad to find that she had so much sensibility of money.
+
+I could not drink this day either coffee or tea after dinner. I know not
+when I missed before.
+
+AUGUST 5.
+
+Last night my sleep was remarkably quiet. I know not whether by fatigue
+in walking, or by forbearance of tea[1208].
+
+I gave the ipecacuanha[1209]. Vin. emet. had failed; so had tartar emet.
+
+I dined at Mr. Myddleton's, of Gwaynynog. The house was a gentleman's
+house, below the second rate, perhaps below the third, built of stone
+roughly cut. The rooms were low, and the passage above stairs gloomy,
+but the furniture was good. The table was well supplied, except that the
+fruit was bad. It was truly the dinner of a country gentleman. Two
+tables were filled with company, not inelegant.
+
+After dinner, the talk was of preserving the Welsh language. I offered
+them a scheme. Poor Evan Evans was mentioned, as incorrigibly addicted
+to strong drink. Worthington[1210] was commended. Myddleton is the only
+man, who, in Wales, has talked to me of literature. I wish he were truly
+zealous. I recommended the republication of David ap Rhees's
+Welsh Grammar.
+
+Two sheets of _Hebrides_ came to me for correction to-day, F.G.[1211]
+
+AUGUST 6.
+
+I corrected the two sheets. My sleep last night was disturbed.
+
+Washing at Chester and here, 5_s_. 1_d_.
+
+I did not read.
+
+I saw to-day more of the out-houses at Lleweney. It is, in the whole, a
+very spacious house.
+
+AUGUST 7.
+
+I was at Church at Bodfari. There was a service used for a sick woman,
+not canonically, but such as I have heard, I think, formerly at
+Lichfield, taken out of the visitation.
+
+The Church is mean, but has a square tower for the bells, rather too
+stately for the Church.
+
+OBSERVATIONS.
+
+Dixit injustus, Ps. 36, has no relation to the English[1212].
+
+Preserve us, Lord, has the name of Robert Wisedome, 1618.--Barker's
+_Bible_[1213].
+
+Battologiam ab iteratione, recte distinguit Erasmus.--_Mod. Orandi
+Deum_, p. 56-144[1214].
+
+Southwell's Thoughts of his own death[1215].
+
+Baudius on Erasmus[1216].
+
+AUGUST 8.
+
+The Bishop and much company dined at Lleweney. Talk of Greek--and of the
+army[1217]. The Duke of Marlborough's officers useless. Read
+_Phocylidis_[1218], distinguished the paragraphs. I looked in Leland: an
+unpleasant book of mere hints.
+
+Lichfield School, ten pounds; and five pounds from the Hospital[1219].
+
+AUGUST 10.
+
+At Lloyd's, of Maesmynnan; a good house, and a very large walled garden.
+I read Windus's Account of his _Journey to Mequinez_, and of Stewart's
+Embassy[1220]. I had read in the morning Wasse's _Greek Trochaics to
+Bentley_. They appeared inelegant, and made with difficulty. The Latin
+Elegy contains only common-place, hastily expressed, so far as I have
+read, for it is long. They seem to be the verses of a scholar, who has
+no practice of writing. The Greek I did not always fully understand. I
+am in doubt about the sixth and last paragraphs, perhaps they are not
+printed right, for [Greek: eutokon] perhaps [Greek: eustochon.] q?
+
+The following days I read here and there. The _Bibliotheca Literaria_
+was so little supplied with papers that could interest curiosity, that
+it could not hope for long continuance[1221]. Wasse, the chief
+contributor, was an unpolished scholar, who, with much literature, had
+no art or elegance of diction, at least in English.
+
+AUGUST 14.
+
+At Bodfari I heard the second lesson read, and the sermon preached in
+Welsh. The text was pronounced both in Welsh and English. The sound of
+the Welsh, in a continued discourse, is not unpleasant.
+
+[Greek: Brosis oligae][1222].
+
+The letter of Chrysostom, against transubstantiation. Erasmus to the
+Nuns, full of mystick notions and allegories.
+
+AUGUST 15.
+
+Imbecillitas genuum non sine aliquantulo doloris inter ambulandum quem a
+prandio magis sensi[1223].
+
+AUGUST 18.
+
+We left Lleweney, and went forwards on our journey.
+
+We came to Abergeley, a mean town, in which little but Welsh is spoken,
+and divine service is seldom performed in English.
+
+Our way then lay to the sea-side, at the foot of a mountain, called
+Penmaen Rhôs. Here the way was so steep, that we walked on the lower
+edge of the hill, to meet the coach, that went upon a road higher on the
+hill. Our walk was not long, nor unpleasant: the longer I walk, the less
+I feel its inconvenience. As I grow warm, my breath mends, and I think
+my limbs grow pliable.
+
+We then came to Conway Ferry, and passed in small boats, with some
+passengers from the stage coach, among whom were an Irish gentlewoman,
+with two maids, and three little children, of which, the youngest was
+only a few months old. The tide did not serve the large ferry-boat, and
+therefore our coach could not very soon follow us. We were, therefore,
+to stay at the Inn. It is now the day of the Race at Conway, and the
+town was so full of company, that no money could purchase lodgings. We
+were not very readily supplied with cold dinner. We would have staid at
+Conway if we could have found entertainment, for we were afraid of
+passing Penmaen Mawr, over which lay our way to Bangor, but by bright
+daylight, and the delay of our coach made our departure necessarily
+late. There was, however, no stay on any other terms, than of sitting up
+all night.
+
+The poor Irish lady was still more distressed. Her children wanted rest.
+She would have been content with one bed, but, for a time, none could be
+had. Mrs. Thrale gave her what help she could. At last two gentlemen
+were persuaded to yield up their room, with two beds, for which she gave
+half a guinea. Our coach was at last brought, and we set out with some
+anxiety, but we came to Penmaen Mawr by daylight; and found a way,
+lately made, very easy, and very safe.[1224] It was cut smooth, and
+enclosed between parallel walls; the outer of which secures the
+passenger from the precipice, which is deep and dreadful. This wall is
+here and there broken, by mischievous wantonness.[1225] The inner wall
+preserves the road from the loose stones, which the shattered steep
+above it would pour down. That side of the mountain seems to have a
+surface of loose stones, which every accident may crumble. The old road
+was higher, and must have been very formidable. The sea beats at the
+bottom of the way.
+
+At evening the moon shone eminently bright; and our thoughts of danger
+being now past, the rest of our journey was very pleasant. At an hour
+somewhat late, we came to Bangor, where we found a very mean inn, and
+had some difficulty to obtain lodging. I lay in a room, where the other
+bed had two men.
+
+AUGUST 19.
+
+We obtained boats to convey us to Anglesey, and saw Lord Bulkeley's
+House, and Beaumaris Castle.
+
+I was accosted by Mr. Lloyd, the Schoolmaster of Beaumaris, who had seen
+me at University College; and he, with Mr. Roberts, the Register of
+Bangor, whose boat we borrowed, accompanied us. Lord Bulkeley's house
+is very mean, but his garden garden is spacious, and shady with large
+trees and smaller interspersed. The walks are straight, and cross each
+other, with no variety of plan; but they have a pleasing coolness, and
+solemn gloom, and extend to a great length.
+
+The castle is a mighty pile; the outward wall has fifteen round towers,
+besides square towers at the angles. There is then a void space between
+the wall and the Castle, which has an area enclosed with a wall, which
+again has towers, larger than those of the outer wall. The towers of the
+inner Castle are, I think, eight. There is likewise a Chapel entire,
+built upon an arch as I suppose, and beautifully arched with a stone
+roof, which is yet unbroken. The entrance into the Chapel is about eight
+or nine feet high, and was, I suppose, higher, when there was no rubbish
+in the area.
+
+This Castle corresponds with all the representations of romancing
+narratives. Here is not wanting the private passage, the dark cavity,
+the deep dungeon, or the lofty tower. We did not discover the Well. This
+is the most compleat view that I have yet had of an old Castle.[1226] It
+had a moat.
+
+The Towers.
+
+We went to Bangor.
+
+AUGUST 20.
+
+We went by water from Bangor to Caernarvon, where we met Paoli and Sir
+Thomas Wynne. Meeting by chance with one Troughton,[1227] an intelligent
+and loquacious wanderer, Mr. Thrale invited him to dinner. He attended
+us to the Castle, an edifice of stupendous magnitude and strength; it
+has in it all that we observed at Beaumaris, and much greater
+dimensions: many of the smaller rooms floored with stone are entire; of
+the larger rooms, the beams and planks are all left: this is the state
+of all buildings left to time. We mounted the Eagle Tower by one hundred
+and sixty-nine steps, each of ten inches. We did not find the Well; nor
+did I trace the Moat; but moats there were, I believe, to all castles on
+the plain, which not only hindered access, but prevented mines. We saw
+but a very small part of this mighty ruin, and in all these old
+buildings, the subterraneous works are concealed by the rubbish.
+
+To survey this place would take much time: I did not think there had
+been such buildings; it surpassed my ideas.
+
+AUGUST 21.
+
+We were at Church; the service in the town is always English; at the
+parish Church at a small distance, always Welsh. The town has by
+degrees, I suppose, been brought nearer to the sea side.
+
+We received an invitation to Dr. Worthington. We then went to dinner at
+Sir Thomas Wynne's,--the dinner mean, Sir Thomas civil, his Lady
+nothing.[1228] Paoli civil.
+
+We supped with Colonel Wynne's Lady, who lives in one of the towers of
+the Castle.
+
+I have not been very well.
+
+AUGUST 22.
+
+We went to visit Bodville, the place where Mrs. Thrale was born; and the
+Churches called Tydweilliog and Llangwinodyl, which she holds by
+impropriation.
+
+We had an invitation to the house of Mr. Griffiths of Bryn o dol, where
+we found a small neat new built house, with square rooms: the walls are
+of unhewn stone, and therefore thick; for the stones not fitting with
+exactness, are not strong without great thickness. He had planted a
+great deal of young wood in walks. Fruit trees do not thrive; but having
+grown a few years, reach some barren stratum and wither.
+
+We found Mr. Griffiths not at home; but the provisions were good. Mr.
+Griffiths came home the next day. He married a lady who has a house and
+estate at [Llanver], over against Anglesea, and near Caernarvon, where
+she is more disposed, as it seems, to reside than at Bryn o dol.
+
+I read Lloyd's account of Mona, which he proves to be Anglesea.
+
+In our way to Bryn o dol, we saw at Llanerk a Church built crosswise,
+very spacious and magnificent for this country. We could not see the
+Parson, and could get no intelligence about it.
+
+AUGUST 24.
+
+We went to see Bodville. Mrs. Thrale remembered the rooms, and wandered
+over them with recollection of her childhood. This species of pleasure
+is always melancholy. The walk was cut down, and the pond was dry.
+Nothing was better.[1229]
+
+We surveyed the Churches, which are mean, and neglected to a degree
+scarcely imaginable. They have no pavement, and the earth is full of
+holes. The seats are rude benches; the Altars have no rails. One of them
+has a breach in the roof. On the desk, I think, of each lay a folio
+Welsh Bible of the black letter, which the curate cannot easily
+read.[1230]
+
+Mr. Thrale purposes to beautify the Churches, and if he prospers, will
+probably restore the tithes. The two parishes are, Llangwinodyl and
+Tydweilliog.[1231] The Methodists are here very prevalent. A better
+church will impress the people with more reverence of publick worship.
+
+Mrs. Thrale visited a house where she had been used to drink milk, which
+was left, with an estate of two hundred pounds a year, by one Lloyd, to
+a married woman who lived with him.
+
+We went to Pwllheli, a mean old town, at the extremity of the country.
+Here we bought something, to remember the place.
+
+AUGUST 25.
+
+We returned to Caernarvon, where we ate with Mrs. Wynne.
+
+AUGUST 26.
+
+We visited, with Mrs. Wynne, Llyn Badarn and Llyn Beris, two lakes,
+joined by a narrow strait. They are formed by the waters which fall from
+Snowdon and the opposite mountains. On the side of Snowdon are the
+remains of a large fort, to which we climbed with great labour. I was
+breathless and harassed. The Lakes have no great breadth, so that the
+boat is always near one bank or the other.
+
+_Note_. Queeny's goats, one hundred and forty-nine, I think.[1232]
+
+AUGUST 27.
+
+We returned to Bangor, where Mr. Thrale was lodged at Mr. Roberts's, the
+Register.
+
+AUGUST 28.
+
+We went to worship at the Cathedral. The quire is mean, the service was
+not well read.
+
+AUGUST 29.
+
+We came to Mr. Myddelton's, of Gwaynynog, to the first place, as my
+Mistress observed, where we have been welcome.
+
+_Note_. On the day when we visited Bodville, we turned to the house of
+Mr. Griffiths, of Kefnamwycllh, a gentleman of large fortune, remarkable
+for having made great and sudden improvements in his seat and estate. He
+has enclosed a large garden with a brick wall. He is considered as a man
+of great accomplishments. He was educated in literature at the
+University, and served some time in the army, then quitted his
+commission, and retired to his lands. He is accounted a good man, and
+endeavours to bring the people to church.
+
+In our way from Bangor to Conway, we passed again the new road upon the
+edge of Penmaen Mawr, which would be very tremendous, but that the wall
+shuts out the idea of danger. In the wall are several breaches, made, as
+Mr. Thrale very reasonably conjectures, by fragments of rocks which roll
+down the mountain, broken perhaps by frost, or worn through by rain.
+
+We then viewed Conway.
+
+To spare the horses at Penmaen Rhôs, between Conway and St. Asaph, we
+sent the coach over the road across the mountain with Mrs. Thrale, who
+had been tired with a walk sometime before; and I, with Mr. Thrale and
+Miss, walked along the edge, where the path is very narrow, and much
+encumbered by little loose stones, which had fallen down, as we thought,
+upon the way since we passed it before.
+
+At Conway we took a short survey of the Castle, which afforded us
+nothing new. It is larger than that of Beaumaris, and less than that of
+Caernarvon. It is built upon a rock so high and steep, that it is even
+now very difficult of access. We found a round pit, which was called the
+Well; it is now almost filled, and therefore dry. We found the Well in
+no other castle. There are some remains of leaden pipes at Caernarvon,
+which, I suppose, only conveyed water from one part of the building to
+another. Had the garrison had no other supply, the Welsh, who must know
+where the pipes were laid, could easily have cut them.
+
+AUGUST 29.
+
+We came to the house of Mr. Myddelton, (on Monday,) where we staid to
+September 6, and were very kindly entertained. How we spent our time, I
+am not very able to tell[1233].
+
+We saw the wood, which is diversified and romantick.
+
+SEPTEMBER 4, SUNDAY.
+
+We dined with Mr. Myddelton, the clergyman, at Denbigh, where I saw the
+harvest-men very decently dressed, after the afternoon service, standing
+to be hired. On other days, they stand at about four in the morning.
+They are hired from day to day.
+
+SEPTEMBER 6.
+
+We lay at Wrexham; a busy, extensive, and well built town. It has a very
+large and magnificent Church. It has a famous fair.
+
+SEPTEMBER 7.
+
+We came to Chirk Castle.
+
+SEPTEMBER 8, THURSDAY.
+
+We came to the house of Dr. Worthington[1234], at Llanrhaiadr. Our
+entertainment was poor, though his house was not bad. The situation is
+very pleasant, by the side of a small river, of which the bank rises
+high on the other side, shaded by gradual rows of trees. The gloom, the
+stream, and the silence, generate thoughtfulness.  The town is old, and
+very mean, but has, I think, a market. In this house, the Welsh
+translation of the Old Testament was made. The Welsh singing Psalms were
+written by Archdeacon Price. They are not considered as elegant, but as
+very literal, and accurate.
+
+We came to Llanrhaiadr, through Oswestry; a town not very little, nor
+very mean. The church, which I saw only at a distance, seems to be an
+edifice much too good for the present state of the place.
+
+SEPTEMBER 9.
+
+We visited the waterfall, which is very high, and in rainy weather very
+copious. There is a reservoir made to supply it. In its fall, it has
+perforated a rock. There is a room built for entertainment. There was
+some difficulty in climbing to a near view. Lord Lyttelton[1235] came
+near it, and turned back.
+
+When we came back, we took some cold meat, and notwithstanding the
+Doctor's importunities, went that day to Shrewsbury.
+
+SEPTEMBER 10.
+
+I sent for Gwynn[1236], and he shewed us the town. The walls are
+broken, and narrower than those of Chester. The town is large, and has
+many gentlemen's houses, but the streets are narrow. I saw Taylor's
+library. We walked in the Quarry; a very pleasant walk by the
+river.[1237] Our inn was not bad.
+
+SEPTEMBER 11.
+
+Sunday. We were at St. Chads, a very large and luminous Church. We were
+on the Castle Hill.
+
+SEPTEMBER 12.
+
+We called on Dr. Adams,[1238] and travelled towards Worcester, through
+Wenlock; a very mean place, though a borough. At noon, we came to
+Bridgenorth, and walked about the town, of which one part stands on a
+high rock; and part very low, by the river. There is an old tower,
+which, being crooked, leans so much, that it is frightful to pass by it.
+
+In the afternoon we came through Kinver, a town in Staffordshire; neat
+and closely built. I believe it has only one street.
+
+The road was so steep and miry, that we were forced to stop at
+Hartlebury, where we had a very neat inn, though it made a very poor
+appearance.
+
+SEPTEMBER 13.
+
+We came to Lord Sandys's, at Ombersley, where we were treated with great
+civility.[1239]
+
+The house is large. The hall is a very noble room.
+
+SEPTEMBER 15.
+
+We went to Worcester, a very splendid city. The Cathedral is very noble,
+with many remarkable monuments. The library is in the Chapter House. On
+the table lay the _Nuremberg Chronicle_, I think, of the first edition.
+We went to the china warehouse. The Cathedral has a cloister. The long
+aisle is, in my opinion, neither so wide nor so high as that of
+Lichfield.
+
+SEPTEMBER 16.
+
+We went to Hagley, where we were disappointed of the respect and
+kindness that we expected[1240].
+
+SEPTEMBER 17.
+
+We saw the house and park, which equalled my expectation. The house is
+one square mass. The offices are below. The rooms of elegance on the
+first floor, with two stories of bedchambers, very well disposed above
+it. The bedchambers have low windows, which abates the dignity of the
+house. The park has one artificial ruin[1241], and wants water; there
+is, however, one temporary cascade. From the farthest hill there is a
+very wide prospect.
+
+I went to church. The church is, externally, very mean, and is therefore
+diligently hidden by a plantation. There are in it several modern
+monuments of the Lytteltons.
+
+There dined with us, Lord Dudley, and Sir Edward Lyttelton, of
+Staffordshire, and his Lady. They were all persons of agreeable
+conversation.
+
+I found time to reflect on my birthday, and offered a prayer, which I
+hope was heard.
+
+SEPTEMBER 19.
+
+We made haste away from a place, where all were offended[1242]. In the
+way we visited the Leasowes[1243]. It was rain, yet we visited all the
+waterfalls. There are, in one place, fourteen falls in a short line. It
+is the next place to Ham Gardens[1244]. Poor Shenstone never tasted his
+pension. It is not very well proved that any pension was obtained for
+him. I am afraid that he died of misery[1245].
+
+We came to Birmingham, and I sent for Wheeler, whom I found well.
+
+SEPTEMBER 20.
+
+We breakfasted with Wheeler,[1246] and visited the manufacture of Papier
+Maché. The paper which they use is smooth whited brown; the varnish is
+polished with rotten stone. Wheeler gave me a tea-board. We then went to
+Boulton's,[1247] who, with great civility, led us through his shops. I
+could not distinctly see his enginery.
+
+Twelve dozen of buttons for three shillings.[1248] Spoons struck at
+once.
+
+SEPTEMBER 21.
+
+Wheeler came to us again.
+
+We came easily to Woodstock.
+
+SEPTEMBER 22.
+
+We saw Blenheim and Woodstock Park.[1249] The Park contains two thousand
+five hundred acres; about four square miles. It has red deer.  Mr.
+Bryant[1250] shewed me the Library with great civility. _Durandi
+Rationale_, 1459[1251]. Lascaris' _Grammar_ of the first edition, well
+printed, but much less than later editions[1252]. The first
+_Batrachomyomachia_[1253].
+
+The Duke sent Mr. Thrale partridges and fruit.
+
+At night we came to Oxford.
+
+SEPTEMBER 23.
+
+We visited Mr. Coulson[1254]. The Ladies wandered about the University.
+
+SEPTEMBER 24.
+
+We dine with Mr. Coulson. Vansittart[1255] told me his distemper.
+
+Afterwards we were at Burke's, where we heard of the dissolution of the
+Parliament. We went home[1256].
+
+
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[1] See _ante_, ii. 434, note 1, and iii. 209.
+
+[2] His _Account of Corsica_, published in 1768.
+
+[3] Horace Walpole wrote on Nov.6, 1769 (_Letters_, v. 200):--'I found
+Paoli last week at Court. The King and Queen both took great notice of
+him. He has just made a tour to Bath, Oxford, &c., and was everywhere
+received with much distinction.' See _ante_, ii. 71.
+
+[4] Boswell, when in London, was 'his constant guest.' Ante, iii 35.
+
+[5] Boswell's son James says that 'in 1785 Mr. Malone was shewn at Mr.
+Baldwin's printing-house a sheet of the _Tour to the Hebrides_
+which contained Johnson's character. He was so much struck with the
+spirit and fidelity of the portrait that he requested to be introduced
+to its writer. From this period a friendship took place between them,
+which ripened into the strictest and most cordial intimacy. After Mr.
+Boswell's death in 1795 Mr. Malone continued to shew every mark of
+affectionate attention towards his family.' _Gent. Mag._ 1813, p. 518.
+
+[6] Malone began his edition of _Shakespeare_ in 1782; he brought it out
+in 1790. Prior's _Malone_, pp. 98, 166.
+
+[7] Boswell in the 'Advertisement' to the second edition, dated Dec. 20,
+1785, says that 'the whole of the first impression has been sold in a
+few weeks.' Three editions were published within a year, but the fourth
+was not issued till 1807. A German translation was published in Lübeck
+in 1787. I believe that in no language has a translation been published
+of the _Life of Johnson_. Johnson was indeed, as Boswell often calls
+him, 'a trueborn Englishman'--so English that foreigners could neither
+understand him nor relish his _Life_.
+
+[8] The man thus described is James I.
+
+[9] See _ante_, i. 450 and ii. 291.
+
+[10] _A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland_. Johnson's _Works_
+ix. 1.
+
+[11] See _ante_, i. 450. On a copy of Martin in the Advocates' Library
+[Edinburgh] I found the following note in the handwriting of Mr.
+Boswell:--'This very book accompanied Mr. Samuel Johnson and me in our
+Tour to the Hebrides.' UPCOTT. Croker's _Boswell_, p. 267.
+
+[12] Macbeth, act i. sc. 3.
+
+[13] See _ante_, iii. 24, and _post_, Nov. 10.
+
+[14] Our friend Edmund Burke, who by this time had received some pretty
+severe strokes from Dr. Johnson, on account of the unhappy difference in
+their politicks, upon my repeating this passage to him, exclaimed 'Oil
+of vitriol !' BOSWELL.
+
+[15] _Psalms_, cxli. 5.
+
+[16] 'We all love Beattie,' he had said. _Ante_, ii. 148.
+
+[17] This, I find, is a Scotticism. I should have said, 'It will not be
+long before we shall be at Marischal College.' BOSWELL. In spite of this
+warning Sir Walter Scott fell into the same error. 'The light foot of
+Mordaunt was not long of bearing him to Jarlok [Jarlshof].' _Pirate_,
+ch. viii. CROKER. Beattie was Professor of Moral Philosophy and Logic in
+Marischal College.
+
+[18] 'Nil mihi rescribas; attamen ipse veni.' Ovid, _Heroides_, i. 2.
+Boswell liked to display such classical learning as he had. When he
+visited Eton in 1789 he writes, 'I was asked by the Head-master to dine
+at the Fellows' table, and made a creditable figure. I certainly have
+the art of making the most of what I have. How should one who has had
+only a Scotch education be quite at home at Eton? I had my classical
+quotations very ready.' _Letters of Boswell_, p. 308.
+
+[19] Gray, Johnson writes (_Works_, viii. 479), visited Scotland in
+1765. 'He naturally contracted a friendship with Dr. Beattie, whom he
+found a poet,' &c.
+
+[20] _Post_, Sept. 12.
+
+[21] See _ante_, i. 274.
+
+[22] Afterwards Lord Stowell. He, his brother Lord Eldon, and Chambers
+were all Newcastle men. See _ante_, i. 462, for an anecdote of the
+journey and for a note on 'the Commons.'
+
+[23] See _ante_, ii. 453.
+
+[24] See _ante_, iv. III.
+
+[25] Baretti, in a MS. note on _Piozzi Letters_, i. 309, says:--'The
+most unaccountable part of Johnson's character was his total ignorance
+of the character of his most familiar acquaintance.'
+
+[26] Lord Pembroke said once to me at Wilton, with a happy pleasantry,
+and some truth, that 'Dr. Johnson's sayings would not appear so
+extraordinary, were it not for his _bow-wow way_:' but I admit the truth
+of this only on some occasions. The _Messiah_, played upon the
+_Canterbury organ_, is more sublime than when played upon an inferior
+instrument, but very slight musick will seem grand, when conveyed to the
+ear through that majestick medium. _While therefore Dr. Johnson's
+sayings are read, let his manner be taken along with them_. Let it,
+however, be observed, that the sayings themselves are generally great;
+that, though he might be an ordinary composer at times, he was for the
+most part a Handel. BOSWELL. See _ante_, ii. 326, 371, and under
+Aug. 29, 1783.
+
+[27] See _ante_, i. 42.
+
+[28] See _ante_, i. 41.
+
+[29] Such they appeared to me; but since the first edition, Sir Joshua
+Reynolds has observed to me, 'that Dr. Johnson's extraordinary gestures
+were only habits, in which he indulged himself at certain times. When in
+company, where he was not free, or when engaged earnestly in
+conversation, he never gave way to such habits, which proves that they
+were not involuntary.' I still however think, that these gestures were
+involuntary; for surely had not that been the case, he would have
+restrained them in the publick streets. BOSWELL. See _ante_, i. 144.
+
+[30] By an Act of the 7th of George I. for encouraging the consumption
+of raw silk and mohair, buttons and button-holes made of cloth, serge,
+and other stuffs were prohibited. In 1738 a petition was presented to
+Parliament stating that 'in evasion of this Act buttons and button-holes
+were made of horse-hair to the impoverishing of many thousands and
+prejudice of the woollen manufactures.' An Act was brought in to
+prohibit the use of horse-hair, and was only thrown out on the third
+reading. _Parl. Hist._ x. 787.
+
+[31] Boswell wrote to Erskine on Dec. 8, 1761: 'I, James Boswell Esq.,
+who "am happily possessed of a facility of manners"--to use the very
+words of Mr. Professor [Adam] Smith, which upon honour were addressed to
+me.' _Boswell and Erskine Corres_. ed. 1879, p. 26.
+
+[32] _Post_, Oct. 16.
+
+[33] _Hamlet_, act iii, sc. 4.
+
+[34] See _ante_, iv., March 21, 1783. Johnson is often reproached with
+his dislike of the Scotch, though much of it was assumed; but no one
+blames Hume's dislike of the English, though it was deep and real. On
+Feb. 21, 1770, he wrote:--'Our Government is too perfect in point of
+liberty for so rude a beast as an Englishman; who is a man, a bad animal
+too, corrupted by above a century of licentiousness.' J. H. Burton's
+_Hume_, ii. 434. Dr. Burton writes of the English as 'a people Hume so
+heartily disliked.' _Ib_. p. 433.
+
+[35] See _ante_, iv. 15.
+
+[36] The term _John Bull_ came into the English language in 1712, when
+Dr. Arbuthnot wrote _The History of John Bull_.
+
+[37] Boswell in three other places so describes Johnson. See _ante_,
+i.129, note 3.
+
+[38] See _ante_, i.467.
+
+[39] 'All nations, and kindreds, and people, and tongues.' _Rev_. vii.9.
+
+[40] See _ante_, ii. 376
+
+[41] In Cockburn's _Life of Jeffrey_, i.157, there is a description of
+Edinburgh, towards the close of the century, 'the last purely Scotch age
+that Scotland was destined to see. Almost the whole official state, as
+settled at the Union, survived; and all graced the capital, unconscious
+of the economical scythe which has since mowed it down. All our nobility
+had not then fled. The lawyers, instead of disturbing good company by
+professional matter, were remarkably free of this vulgarity; and being
+trained to take difference of opinion easily, and to conduct discussions
+with forbearance, were, without undue obtrusion, the most cheerful
+people that were to be met with. Philosophy had become indigenous in the
+place, and all classes, even in their gayest hours, were proud of the
+presence of its cultivators. And all this was still a Scotch scene. The
+whole country had not begun to be absorbed in the ocean of London.
+According to the modern rate of travelling [written in 1852] the
+capitals of Scotland and of England were then about 2400 miles asunder.
+Edinburgh was still more distant in its style and habits. It had then
+its own independent tastes, and ideas, and pursuits.' Scotland at this
+time was distinguished by the liberality of mind of its leading
+clergymen, which was due, according to Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. p 57), to
+the fact that the Professor of Theology under whom they had studied was
+'dull and Dutch and prolix.' 'There was one advantage,' he says,
+'attending the lectures of a dull professor--viz., that he could form no
+school, and the students were left entirely to themselves, and naturally
+formed opinions far more liberal than those they got from the
+Professor.'
+
+[42] Chambers (_Traditions of Edinburgh_, ed. 1825, ii.297) says that
+'the very spot which Johnson's armchair occupied is pointed out by the
+modern possessors.' The inn was called 'The White Horse.' 'It derives
+its name from having been the resort of the Hanoverian faction, the
+White Horse being the crest of Hanover.' Murray's _Guide to Scotland_,
+ed. 1867, p. 111.
+
+[43] Boswell writing of Scotland says:--'In the last age it was the
+common practice in the best families for all the company to eat milk, or
+pudding, or any other dish that is eat with a spoon, not by distributing
+the contents of the dish into small plates round the table, but by every
+person dipping his spoon into the large platter; and when the fashion of
+having a small plate for each guest was brought from the continent by a
+young gentleman returned from his travels, a good old inflexible
+neighbour in the country said, "he did not see anything he had learnt
+but to take his broth twice." Nay, in our own remembrance, the use of a
+carving knife was considered as a novelty; and a gentleman of ancient
+family and good literature used to rate his son, a friend of mine, for
+introducing such a foppish superfluity.'--_London Mag_. 1778, p.199.
+
+[44] See _ante_, ii. 403. Johnson, in describing Sir A. Macdonald's
+house in Sky, said:--'The Lady had not the common decencies of her
+tea-table; we picked up our sugar with our fingers.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i.138.
+
+[45] Chambers says that 'James's Court, till the building of the New
+Town, was inhabited by a select set of gentlemen. They kept a clerk to
+record their names and their proceedings, had a scavenger of their own,
+and had balls and assemblies among themselves.' Paoli was Boswell's
+guest there in 1771. _Traditions of Edinburgh_, i. 219. It was burnt
+down in 1857. Murray's _Guide to Scotland_, ed. 1883, p.49. Johnson
+wrote:--'Boswell has very handsome and spacious rooms, level with the
+ground on one side of the house, and on the other four stories high.'
+_Piozzi Letters_, i. 109. Dr. J.H. Burton says that Hume occupied them
+just before Boswell. He continues:--'Of the first impression made on a
+stranger at that period when entering such a house, a vivid description
+is given by Sir Walter Scott in _Guy Mannering_; and in Counsellor
+Pleydell's library, with its collection of books, and the prospect from
+the window, we have probably an accurate picture of the room in which
+Hume spent his studious hours.' _Life of Hume_, ii. 137, 431. At
+Johnson's visit Hume was living in his new house in the street which was
+humorously named after him, St. David Street. _Ib_. p. 436.
+
+[46] The English servant-girl in _Humphry Clinker_ (Letter of July 18),
+after describing how the filth is thus thrown out, says:--'The maid
+calls _gardy loo_ to the passengers, which signifies _Lord have mercy
+upon you!_'
+
+[47] Wesley, when at Edinburgh in May, 1761, writes:--'How can it be
+suffered that all manner of filth should still be thrown even into this
+street [High Street] continually? How long shall the capital city of
+Scotland, yea, and the chief street of it, stink worse than a common
+sewer?' Wesley's _Journal_, iii. 52. Baretti (_Journey from London to
+Genoa_, ii.255) says that this was the universal practice in Madrid in
+1760. He was driven out of that town earlier than he had intended to
+leave it by the dreadful stench. A few years after his visit the King
+made a reform, so that it became 'one of the cleanest towns in Europe.'
+_Ib_. p 258. Smollett in _Humphry Clinker_ makes Matthew Bramble say
+(Letter of July 18):--'The inhabitants of Edinburgh are apt to imagine
+the disgust that we avow is little better than affectation.'
+
+[48] 'Most of their buildings are very mean; and the whole town bears
+some resemblance to the old part of Birmingham.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 109.
+
+[49] See _ante_, i. 313.
+
+[50] Miss Burney, describing her first sight of Johnson, says:--'Upon
+asking my father why he had not prepared us for such uncouth, untoward
+strangeness, he laughed heartily, and said he had entirely forgotten
+that the same impression had been at first made upon himself; but had
+been lost even on the second interview.' _Memoirs of Dr. Burney_, ii.91.
+
+[51] See _post_, Aug. 22.
+
+[52] see _ante_, iii. 216.
+
+[53] Boswell writes, in his _Hypochondriacks_:--'Naturally somewhat
+singular, independent of any additions which affectation and vanity may
+perhaps have made, I resolved to have a more pleasing species of
+marriage than common, and bargained with my bride that I should not be
+bound to live with her longer than I really inclined; and that whenever
+I tired of her domestic society I should be at liberty to give it up.
+Eleven years have elapsed, and I have never yet wished to take advantage
+of my stipulated privilege.' _London Mag_. 1781, p.136. See _ante_, ii.
+140, note 1.
+
+[54] Sir Walter Scott was two years old this day. He was born in a house
+at the head of the College Wynd. When Johnson and Boswell returned to
+Edinburgh Jeffrey was a baby there seventeen days old. Some seventeen or
+eighteen years later 'he had the honour of assisting to carry the
+biographer of Johnson, in a state of great intoxication, to bed. For
+this he was rewarded next morning by Mr. Boswell clapping his head, and
+telling him that he was a very promising lad, and that if "you go on as
+you've begun, you may live to be a Bozzy yourself yet."' Cockburn's
+_Jeffrey_, i. 33.
+
+[55] He was one of Boswell's executors, and as such was in part
+responsible for the destruction of his manuscripts. _Ante_, iii. 301,
+note i. It is to his _Life of Dr. Beattie_ that Scott alludes in the
+Introduction to the fourth Canto of _Marmion_:--
+
+     'Scarce had lamented Forbes paid
+      The tribute to his Minstrel's shade;
+      The tale of friendship scarce was told,
+      Ere the narrator's heart was cold--
+      Far may we search before we find
+      A heart so manly and so kind.'
+
+It is only of late years that _Forbes_ has generally ceased to be a
+dissyllable.
+
+[56] The saint's name of _Veronica_ was introduced into our family
+through my great grandmother Veronica, Countess of Kincardine, a Dutch
+lady of the noble house of Sommelsdyck, of which there is a full account
+in Bayle's _Dictionary_. The family had once a princely right in
+Surinam. The governour of that settlement was appointed by the States
+General, the town of Amsterdam, and Sommelsdyck. The States General have
+acquired Sommelsdyck's right; but the family has still great dignity and
+opulence, and by intermarriages is connected with many other noble
+families. When I was at the Hague, I was received with all the affection
+of kindred. The present Sommelsdyck has an important charge in the
+Republick, and is as worthy a man as lives. He has honoured me with his
+correspondence for these twenty years. My great grandfather, the husband
+of Countess Veronica, was Alexander, Earl of Kincardine, that eminent
+_Royalist_ whose character is given by Burnet in his _History of his own
+Times_. From him the blood of _Bruce_ flows in my veins. Of such
+ancestry who would not be proud? And, as _Nihil est, nisi hoc sciat
+alter_, is peculiarly true of genealogy, who would not be glad to seize
+a fair opportunity to let it be known. BOSWELL. Boswell visited Holland
+in 1763. _Ante_, i. 473. Burnet says that 'the Earl was both the wisest
+and the worthiest man that belonged to his country, and fit for
+governing any affairs but his own; which he by a wrong turn, and by his
+love for the public, neglected to his ruin. His thoughts went slow and
+his words came much slower; but a deep judgment appeared in everything
+he said or did. I may be, perhaps, inclined to carry his character too
+far; for he was the first man that entered into friendship with me.'
+Burnet's _History_, ed. 1818, i. III. 'The ninth Earl succeeded as fifth
+Earl of Elgin and thus united the two dignities.' Burke's _Peerage_.
+Boswell's quotation is from Persius, _Satires_, i. 27: 'Scire tuum nihil
+est, nisi te scire hoc sciat alter.' It is the motto to _The
+Spectator_, No. 379.
+
+[57] She died four months after her father. I cannot find that she
+received this additional fortune.
+
+[58] See _ante_, ii. 47.
+
+[59] See _ante_, iv. 5, note 2.
+
+[60] See _ante_, iii. 231. Johnson (_Works_, ix. 33) speaks of 'the
+general dissatisfaction which is now driving the Highlanders into the
+other hemisphere.' This dissatisfaction chiefly arose from the fact that
+the chiefs were 'gradually degenerating from patriarchal rulers to
+rapacious landlords.' _Ib._ p. 86. 'That the people may not fly from the
+increase of rent I know not whether the general good does not require
+that the landlords be, for a time, restrained in their demands, and kept
+quiet by pensions proportionate to their loss.... It affords a
+legislator little self-applause to consider, that where there was
+formerly an insurrection there is now a wilderness.' _Ib._ p. 94. 'As
+the world has been let in upon the people, they have heard of happier
+climates and less arbitrary government.' _Ib._ p. 128.
+
+[61] 'To a man that ranges the streets of London, where he is tempted to
+contrive wants for the pleasure of supplying them, a shop affords no
+image worthy of attention; but in an island it turns the balance of
+existence between good and evil. To live in perpetual want of little
+things is a state, not indeed of torture, but of constant vexation. I
+have in Sky had some difficulty to find ink for a letter; and if a woman
+breaks her needle, the work is at a stop.' _Ib._ p. 127.
+
+[62] 'It was demolished in 1822.' Chambers's _Traditions of Edinburgh_,
+i. 215.
+
+[63] 'The Lord reigneth; let the earth rejoice; let the multitude of
+isles be glad thereof.' _Psalms_, xcvii.1.
+
+[64] A brief memoir of Mr. Carre is given in Forbes's _Life of Beattie_,
+Appendix Z.
+
+[65] It was his daughter who gave the name to the new street in which
+Hume had taken a house by chalking on his wall ST. DAVID STREET. 'Hume's
+"lass," judging that it was not meant in honour or reverence, ran into
+the house much excited, to tell her master how he was made game of.
+"Never mind, lassie," he said; "many a better man has been made a saint
+of before."' J.H. Burton's _Hume_, ii. 436.
+
+[66] The House of Lords reversed the decision of the Court of Session in
+this cause. See _ante_, ii.50, 230.
+
+[67] Ogden was Woodwardian Professor at Cambridge. The sermons were
+published in 1770. Boswell mentions them so often that in Rowlandson's
+caricatures of the tour he is commonly represented as having them in his
+hand or pocket. See _ante_, iii. 248.
+
+[68] 'Talking of the eminent writers in Queen Anne's reign, Johnson
+observed, "I think Dr. Arbuthnot the first man among them.'" _Ante_,
+i. 425.
+
+[69] 'We found that by the interposition of some invisible friend
+lodgings had been provided for us at the house of one of the professors,
+whose easy civility quickly made us forget that we were strangers.'
+_Works_, ix. 3.
+
+[70] He is referring to Beattie's _Essay on Truth_. See _post_, Oct. 1,
+and _ante_, ii. 201.
+
+[71] See _ante_, ii. 443, where Johnson, again speaking of Hume, and
+perhaps of Gibbon, says:--'When a man voluntarily engages in an
+important controversy, he is to do all he can to lessen his antagonist,
+because authority from personal respect has much weight with most
+people, and often more than reasoning.'
+
+[72] Johnson, in his Dictionary, calls _bubble_ 'a cant [slang] word.'
+
+[73] Boswell wrote to Temple in 1768:--'David [Hume] is really amiable:
+I always regret to him his unlucky principles, and he smiles at my
+faith; but I have a hope which he has not, or pretends not to have. So
+who has the best of it, my reverend friend?' _Letters of Boswell_,
+p.151. Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. pp. 274-5) says:--'Mr. Hume gave both
+elegant dinners and suppers, and the best claret, and, which was best of
+all, he furnished the entertainment with the most instructive and
+pleasing conversation, for he assembled whosoever were most knowing and
+agreeable among either the laity or clergy. For innocent mirth and
+agreeable raillery I never knew his match....He took much to the company
+of the younger clergy, not from a wish to bring them over to his
+opinions, for he never attempted to overturn any man's principles, but
+they best understood his notions, and could furnish him with literary
+conversation.'
+
+[74] No doubt they were destroyed with Boswell's other papers. _Ante_,
+iii.301, note 1.
+
+[75] This letter, though shattered by the sharp shot of Dr. _Horne_ of
+_Oxford's_ wit, in the character of _One of the People called
+Christians_, is still prefixed to Mr. Hume's excellent _History of
+England_, like a poor invalid on the piquet guard, or like a list of
+quack medicines sold by the same bookseller, by whom a work of whatever
+nature is published; for it has no connection with his _History_, let it
+have what it may with what are called his _Philosophical_ Works. A
+worthy friend of mine in London was lately consulted by a lady of
+quality, of most distinguished merit, what was the best History of
+England for her son to read. My friend recommended Hume's. But, upon
+recollecting that its usher was a superlative panegyrick on one, who
+endeavoured to sap the credit of our holy religion, he revoked his
+recommendation. I am really sorry for this ostentatious _alliance_;
+because I admire _The Theory of Moral Sentiments_, and value the
+greatest part of _An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of
+Nations_. Why should such a writer be so forgetful of human comfort, as
+to give any countenance to that dreary infidelity which would make us
+poor indeed?' ['makes me poor indeed.' _Othello_, act iii. sc.3].
+BOSWELL. Dr. Horne's book is entitled, _A Letter to Adam Smith, LL.D.,
+On the Life, Death, and Philosophy of his Friend David Hume, Esq. By one
+of the People called Christians_. Its chief wit is in the Preface. The
+bookseller mentioned in this note was perhaps Francis Newbery, who
+succeeded his father, Goldsmith's publisher, as a dealer in quack
+medicines and books. They dealt in 'over thirty different nostrums,' and
+published books of every nature. Of the father Johnson said:--'Newbery
+is an extraordinary man, for I know not whether he has read or written
+most books.' He is the original of 'Jack Whirler' in _The Idler_, No.
+19. _A Bookseller of the Last Century_, pp. 22, 73.
+
+[76] Hume says that his first work, his _Treatise of Human Nature_,
+'fell _dead-born from the press.' Auto._ p.3. His _Enquiry concerning
+Human Understanding_ 'was entirely overlooked and neglected.' _Ib_. p.4.
+His _Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals_ 'came unnoticed and
+unobserved into the world.' _Ib_. p.5. The first volume of his _History
+of England_ certainly met with numerous assailants; but 'after the first
+ebullitions of their fury were over, what was still more mortifying, the
+book seemed to sink into oblivion. Mr. Millar told me,' he continues,
+'that in a twelvemonth he sold only forty-five copies of it...I was I
+confess, discouraged, and had not the war at that time been breaking out
+between France and England, I had certainly retired to some provincial
+town of the former kingdom, have changed my name, and never more have
+returned to my native country.' _Ib_. p.6. Only one of his works, his
+_Political Discourses_, was 'successful on the first publication.' _Ib_.
+p.5. By the time he was turned fifty, however, his books were selling
+very well, and he had become 'not only independent but opulent.' Ib. p.
+8. A few weeks before he died he wrote: 'I see many symptoms of my
+literary reputation's breaking out at last with additional lustre.'
+_Ib_. p.10.
+
+[77] _Psalms_, cxix. 99.
+
+[78] We learn, _post_, Oct. 29, that Robertson was cautious in his talk,
+though we see here that he had much more courage than the professors of
+Aberdeen or Glasgow.
+
+[79] This was one of the points upon which Dr. Johnson was strangely
+heterodox. For, surely, Mr. Burke, with his other remarkable qualities,
+is also distinguished for his wit, and for wit of all kinds too: not
+merely that power of language which Pope chooses to denominate wit:--
+
+     (True wit is Nature to advantage drest;
+      What oft was thought, but ne'er so well exprest.)
+
+[Pope's Essay on Criticism, ii. 297.] but surprising allusions,
+brilliant sallies of vivacity, and pleasant conceits. His speeches in
+parliament are strewed with them. Take, for instance, the variety which
+he has given in his wide range, yet exact detail, when exhibiting his
+Reform Bill. And his conversation abounds in wit. Let me put down a
+specimen. I told him, I had seen, at a _Blue stocking_ assembly, a
+number of ladies sitting round a worthy and tall friend of ours,
+listening to his literature. 'Ay, (said he) like maids round a
+May-pole.' I told him, I had found out a perfect definition of human
+nature, as distinguished from the animal. An ancient philosopher said,
+Man was 'a two-legged animal without feathers,' upon which his rival
+Sage had a Cock plucked bare, and set him down in the school before all
+the disciples, as a 'Philosophick Man.' Dr. Franklin said, Man was 'a
+tool-making animal,' which is very well; for no animal but man makes a
+thing, by means of which he can make another thing. But this applies to
+very few of the species. My definition of _Man_ is, 'a Cooking animal.'
+The beasts have memory, judgment, and all the faculties and passions of
+our mind in a certain degree; but no beast is a cook. The trick of the
+monkey using the cat's paw to roast a chestnut, is only a piece of
+shrewd malice in that _turpissima bestia_, which humbles us so sadly by
+its similarity to us. Man alone can dress a good dish; and every man
+whatever is more or less a cook, in seasoning what he himself eats. Your
+definition is good, said Mr. Burke, and I now see the full force of the
+common proverb, 'There is _reason_ in roasting of eggs.' When Mr.
+Wilkes, in his days of tumultuous opposition, was borne upon the
+shoulders of the mob, Mr. Burke (as Mr. Wilkes told me himself, with
+classical admiration,) applied to him what _Horace_ says of _Pindar_,
+
+     ..._numeris_que fertur
+  LEGE _solutis_. [_Odes_, iv. 2. 11.]
+
+Sir Joshua Reynolds, who agrees with me entirely as to Mr. Burke's.
+fertility of wit, said, that this was 'dignifying a pun.' He also
+observed, that he has often heard Burke say, in the course of an
+evening, ten good things, each of which would have served a noted wit
+(whom he named) to live upon for a twelvemonth. I find, since the former
+edition, that some persons have objected to the instances which I have
+given of Mr. Burke's wit, as not doing justice to my very ingenious
+friend; the specimens produced having, it is alleged, more of conceit
+than real wit, and being merely sportive sallies of the moment, not
+justifying the encomium which, they think with me, he undoubtedly
+merits. I was well aware, how hazardous it was to exhibit particular
+instances of wit, which is of so airy and spiritual a nature as often to
+elude the hand that attempts to grasp it. The excellence and efficacy of
+a _bon mot_ depend frequently so much on the occasion on which it is
+spoken, on the particular manner of the speaker, on the person to whom
+it is applied, the previous introduction, and a thousand minute
+particulars which cannot be easily enumerated, that it is always
+dangerous to detach a witty saying from the group to which it belongs,
+and to set it before the eye of the spectator, divested of those
+concomitant circumstances, which gave it animation, mellowness, and
+relief. I ventured, however, at all hazards, to put down the first
+instances that occurred to me, as proofs of Mr. Burke's lively and
+brilliant fancy; but am very sensible that his numerous friends could
+have suggested many of a superior quality. Indeed, the being in company
+with him, for a single day, is sufficient to shew that what I have
+asserted is well founded; and it was only necessary to have appealed to
+all who know him intimately, for a complete refutation of the heterodox
+opinion entertained by Dr. Johnson on this subject. _He_ allowed Mr.
+Burke, as the reader will find hereafter [_post_. Sept.15 and 30], to be
+a man of consummate and unrivalled abilities in every light except that
+now under consideration; and the variety of his allusions, and splendour
+of his imagery, have made such an impression on _all the rest_ of the
+world, that superficial observers are apt to overlook his other merits,
+and to suppose that _wit_ is his chief and most prominent excellence;
+when in fact it is only one of the many talents that he possesses, which
+are so various and extraordinary, that it is very difficult to ascertain
+precisely the rank and value of each. BOSWELL. For Malone's share in
+this note, see _ante_, iii. 323, note 2. For Burke's Economical Reform
+Bill, which was brought in on Feb. 11, 1780, see Prior's _Burke_, p.184.
+For _Blue Stocking_, see _ante_, iv. 108. The 'tall friend of ours' was
+Mr. Langton (_ante_, i. 336). For Franklin's definition, see _ante_,
+iii. 245, and for Burke's classical pun, _ib_. p. 323. For Burke's
+'talent of wit,' see _ante_, i. 453, iii. 323, iv. May 15, 1784, and
+_post_, Sept. 15.
+
+[80] See _ante_, iv. 27, where Burke said:--'It is enough for me to have
+rung the bell to him [Johnson].'
+
+[81] See _ante_, vol. iv, May 15, 1784.
+
+[82] Prior (_Life of Burke_, pp.31, 36) says that 'from the first his
+destination was the Bar.' His name was entered at the Middle Temple in
+1747, but he was never called. Why he gave up the profession his
+biographer cannot tell.
+
+[83] See _ante_, ii. 437, note 2.
+
+[84] See _ante_, i. 78, note 2.
+
+[85] That cannot be said now, after the flagrant part which Mr. _John
+Wesley_ took against our American brethren, when, in his own name, he
+threw amongst his enthusiastick flock, the very individual combustibles
+of Dr. _Johnson's Taxation no Tyranny_; and after the intolerant spirit
+which he manifested against our fellow-christians of the Roman Catholick
+Communion, for which that able champion, Father _O'Leary_, has given him
+so hearty a drubbing. But I should think myself very unworthy, if I did
+not at the same time acknowledge Mr. John Wesley's merit, as a veteran
+'Soldier of Jesus Christ' [2 _Timothy_, ii. 3], who has, I do believe,
+'turned many from darkness into light, and from the power of _Satan_ to
+the living GOD' [_Acts_, xxvi. 18]. BOSWELL. Wesley wrote on Nov. 11,
+1775 (_Journal_, iv. 56), 'I made some additions to the _Calm Address to
+our American Colonies_. Need any one ask from what motive this was
+wrote? Let him look round; England is in a flame! a flame of malice and
+rage against the King, and almost all that are in authority under him. I
+labour to put out this flame.' He wrote a few days later:--'As to
+reviewers, news-writers, _London Magazines_, and all that kind of
+gentlemen, they behave just as I expected they would. And let them lick
+up Mr. Toplady's spittle still; a champion worthy of their cause.'
+_Journal_, p. 58. In a letter published in Jan. 1780, he said:--'I
+insist upon it, that no government, not Roman Catholic, ought to
+tolerate men of the Roman Catholic persuasion. They ought not to be
+tolerated by any government, Protestant, Mahometan, or Pagan.' To this
+the Rev. Arthur O'Leary replied with great wit and force, in a pamphlet
+entitled, _Remarks on the Rev. Mr. Wesley's Letters_. Dublin, 1780.
+Wesley (_Journal_, iv. 365) mentions meeting O'Leary, and says:--'He
+seems not to be wanting either in sense or learning.' Johnson wrote to
+Wesley on Feb. 6, 1776 (Croker's _Boswell_, p. 475), 'I have thanks to
+return you for the addition of your important suffrage to my argument on
+the American question. To have gained such a mind as yours may justly
+confirm me in my own opinion. What effect my paper has upon the public,
+I know not; but I have no reason to be discouraged. The lecturer was
+surely in the right, who, though he saw his audience slinking away,
+refused to quit the chair while Plato staid.'
+
+[86] 'Powerful preacher as he was,' writes Southey, 'he had neither
+strength nor acuteness of intellect, and his written compositions are
+nearly worthless.' Southey's _Wesley,_ i. 323. See _ante_, ii. 79.
+
+[87] Mr. Burke. See _ante_, ii. 222, 285, note 3, and iii. 45.
+
+[88] If due attention were paid to this observation, there would be more
+virtue, even in politicks. What Dr. Johnson justly condemned, has, I am
+sorry to say, greatly increased in the present reign. At the distance of
+four years from this conversation, 21st February, 1777, My Lord
+Archbishop of York, in his 'sermon before the Society for the
+Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts,' thus indignantly describes
+the then state of parties:--'Parties once had a _principle_ belonging
+to them, absurd perhaps, and indefensible, but still carrying a notion
+of _duty_, by which honest minds might easily be caught. 'But there are
+now _combinations_ of _individuals_, who, instead of being the sons and
+servants of the community, make a league for advancing their _private
+interests_. It is their business to hold high the notion of _political
+honour_. I believe and trust, it is not injurious to say, that such a
+bond is no better than that by which the lowest and wickedest
+combinations are held together; and that it denotes the last stage of
+political depravity.' To find a thought, which just shewed itself to us
+from the mind of _Johnson_, thus appearing again at such a distance of
+time, and without any communication between them, enlarged to full
+growth in the mind of _Markham_, is a curious object of philosophical
+contemplation.--That two such great and luminous minds should have been
+so dark in one corner,--that _they_ should have held it to be 'Wicked
+rebellion in the British subjects established in America, to resist the
+abject condition of holding all their property at the mercy of British
+subjects remaining at home, while their allegiance to our common Lord
+the King was to be preserved inviolate,--is a striking proof to me,
+either that 'He who sitteth in Heaven' [_Psalms_, ii.4] scorns the
+loftiness of human pride,--or that the evil spirit, whose personal
+existence I strongly believe, and even in this age am confirmed in that
+belief by a _Fell_, nay, by a _Hurd_, has more power than some choose to
+allow. BOSWELL. Horace Walpole writing on June 10, 1778, after censuring
+Robertson for sneering at Las Casas, continues:--'Could Archbishop
+Markham in a Sermon before the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel
+by fire and sword paint charity in more contemptuous terms? It is a
+Christian age.' _Letters_, vii.81. It was Archbishop Markham to whom
+Johnson made the famous bow; _ante_, vol. iv, just before April 10,
+1783. John Fell published in 1779 _Demoniacs; an Enquiry into the
+Heathen and Scripture Doctrine of Daemons_. For Hurd see _ante_, under
+June 9,1784.
+
+[89] See Forster's _Essays_, ii 304-9. Mr. Forster often quotes Cooke in
+his _Life of Goldsmith_. He describes him (i. 58) as 'a _young_ Irish
+law student who had chambers near Goldsmith in the temple.' Goldsmith
+did not reside in the temple till 1763 (_ib_. p.336), and Cooke was old
+enough to have published his _Hesiod_ in 1728, and to have found a place
+in _The Dunciad_ (ii. 138). See Elwin and Courthope's _Pope_, x. 212,
+for his correspondence with Pope.
+
+[90] It may be observed, that I sometimes call my great friend, _Mr_.
+Johnson, sometimes _Dr_. Johnson: though he had at this time a doctor's
+degree from Trinity College, Dublin. The University of Oxford afterwards
+conferred it upon him by a diploma, in very honourable terms. It was
+some time before I could bring myself to call him Doctor; but, as he has
+been long known by that title, I shall give it to him in the rest of
+this Journal. BOSWELL. See _ante_, i. 488, note 3, and ii. 332, note I.
+
+[91] In _The Idler_, No. viii, Johnson has the following fling at
+tragedians. He had mentioned the terror struck into our soldiers by the
+Indian war-cry, and he continues:--'I am of opinion that by a proper
+mixture of asses, bulls, turkeys, geese, and tragedians a noise might be
+procured equally horrid with the war-cry.' See _ante_, ii.92.
+
+[92] _Tom Jones_, Bk. xvi. chap. 5. Mme. Necker in a letter to Garrick
+said:--'Nos acteurs se métamorphosent assez bien, mais Monsieur Garrick
+fait autre chose; il nous métamorphose tous dans le caractère qu'il a
+revêtu; _nous sommes remplis de terreur avec Hamlet_,' &c. _Garrick
+Corres_. ii. 627.
+
+[93] See _ante_, i. 432, and ii. 278.
+
+[94] See _ante_, ii. 11.
+
+[95] Euphan M'Cullan (not Eupham Macallan) is mentioned in Dalrymple's
+[Lord Hailes] _Remarks on the History of Scotland_, p. 254. She
+maintained that 'she seldom ever prayed but she got a positive answer.'
+The minister of her parish was ill. 'She prayed, and got an answer that
+for a year's time he should be spared; and after the year's end he fell
+sick again.' 'I went,' said she, 'to pray yet again for his life; but
+the Lord left me not an mouse's likeness (a proverbial expression,
+meaning _to reprove with such severity that the person reproved shrinks
+and becomes abashed_), and said, 'Beast that thou art! shall I keep my
+servant in pain for thy sake?' And when I said, 'Lord, what then shall I
+do?' He answered me, 'He was but a reed that I spoke through, and I will
+provide another reed to speak through.' Dalrymple points out that it was
+a belief in these 'answers from the Lord' that led John Balfour and his
+comrades to murder Archbishop Sharp.
+
+[96] R. Chambers, in his _Traditions_, speaking of the time of Johnson's
+visit, says (i. 21) on the authority of 'an ancient native of Edinburgh
+that people all knew each other by sight. The appearance of a new face
+upon the streets was at once remarked, and numbers busied themselves in
+finding out who and what the stranger was.'
+
+[97] It was on this visit to the parliament-house, that Mr. Henry
+Erskine (brother of Lord Erskine), after being presented to Dr. Johnson
+by Mr. Boswell, and having made his bow, slipped a shilling into
+Boswell's hand, whispering that it was for the sight of his _bear_.
+WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[98] This is one of the Libraries entitled to a copy of every new work
+published in the United Kingdom. Hume held the office of librarian at a
+salary of £40 a year from 1752 to 1757. J.H. Burton's _Hume_, i.
+367, 373.
+
+[99] The Edinburgh oyster-cellars were called _laigh shops_. Chambers's
+_Traditions_, ii. 268.
+
+[100] This word is commonly used to signify _sullenly, gloomily_; and in
+that sense alone it appears in Dr. Johnson's _Dictionary_. I suppose he
+meant by it, 'with an _obstinate resolution_, similar to that of a
+sullen man.' BOSWELL. Southey wrote to Scott:--'Give me more lays, and
+correct them at leisure for after editions--not laboriously, but when
+the amendment comes naturally and unsought for. It never does to sit
+down doggedly to _correct_.' Southey's _Life_, iii. 126. See _ante_, i.
+332, for the influence of seasons on composition.
+
+[101] Boswell, _post_, Nov. 1, writes of '_old Scottish_ enthusiasm,'
+again italicising these two words.
+
+[102] See _ante_, iii. 410.
+
+[103] See _ante_, i. 354.
+
+[104] Cockburn (_Life of Jeffrey_, i. 182) writing of the beginning of
+this century, describes how the General Assembly 'met in those days, as
+it had done for about 200 years, in one of the aisles of the then grey
+and venerable cathedral of St. Giles. That plain, square, galleried
+apartment was admirably suited for the purpose; and it was more
+interesting from the men who had acted in it, and the scenes it had
+witnessed, than any other existing room in Scotland. It had beheld the
+best exertions of the best men in the kingdom ever since the year 1640.
+Yet was it obliterated in the year 1830 with as much indifference as if
+it had been of yesterday; and for no reason except a childish desire for
+new walls and change.'
+
+[105] I have hitherto called him Dr. William Robertson, to distinguish
+him from Dr. James Robertson, who is soon to make his appearance. But
+_Principal_, from his being the head of our college, is his usual
+designation, and is shorter: so I shall use it hereafter. BOSWELL.
+
+[106] The dirtiness of the Scotch churches is taken off in _The Tale of
+a Tub_, sect. xi:--'Neither was it possible for the united rhetoric of
+mankind to prevail with Jack to make himself clean again.' In _Humphry
+Clinker_ (Letter of Aug. 8) we are told that 'the good people of
+Edinburgh no longer think dirt and cobwebs essential to the house of
+God.' Bishop Horne (_Essays and Thoughts_, p. 45) mentioning 'the maxim
+laid down in a neighbouring kingdom that _cleanliness is not essential
+to devotion_,' continues, 'A Church of England lady once offered to
+attend the Kirk there, if she might be permitted to have the pew swept
+and lined. "The pew swept and lined!" said Mess John's wife, "my husband
+would think it downright popery."' In 1787 he wrote that there are
+country churches in England 'where, perhaps, three or four noble
+families attend divine service, which are suffered year after year to be
+in a condition in which not one of those families would suffer the worst
+room in their house to continue for a week.' _Essays and Thoughts_,
+p. 271.
+
+[107] 'Hume recommended Fergusson's friends to prevail on him to
+suppress the work as likely to be injurious to his reputation.' When it
+had great success he said that his opinion remained the same. He had
+heard Helvetius and Saurin say that they had told Montesquieu that he
+ought to suppress his _Esprit des Lois_. They were still convinced that
+their advice was right. J. H. Burton's _Hume_, ii. 385-7. It was at
+Fergusson's house thirteen years later that Walter Scott, a lad of
+fifteen, saw Burns shed tears over a print by Bunbury of a soldier lying
+dead on the snow. Lockhart's _Scott_, i. 185. See _ib_. vii. 61, for an
+anecdote of Fergusson.
+
+[108] They were pulled down in 1789. Murray's _Handbook for Scotland_,
+ed. 1883, p. 60.
+
+[109] See _ante_, ii. 128.
+
+[110] See _ante_, iii. 357, and _post_, Johnson's _Tour into Wales_,
+Aug. 1, 1774.
+
+[111]
+
+     'There where no statesman buys,
+        no bishop sells;
+      A virtuous palace where no
+        monarch dwells.'
+
+_An Epitaph_. Hamilton's Poems, ed. 1760, p. 260. See _ante_, iii. 150.
+
+[112] The stanza from which he took this line is,
+
+     'But then rose up all Edinburgh,
+       They rose up by thousands three;
+     A cowardly Scot came John behind,
+     And ran him through the fair body!'
+
+
+[113] Johnson described her as 'an old lady, who talks broad Scotch with
+a paralytick voice, and is scarce understood by her own countrymen.'
+_Piozzi Letters_, i.109. Lord Shelburne says that 'her husband, the last
+Duke, could neither read nor write without great difficulty.'
+Fitzmaurice's _Shelburne_, i. 11. Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. p. 107) says
+that in 1745 he heard her say:--'I have sworn to be Duchess of Douglas
+or never to mount a marriage bed.' She married the Duke in 1758. R.
+Chambers wrote in 1825:--'It is a curious fact that sixty years ago
+there was scarcely a close in the High Street but what had as many noble
+inhabitants as are at this day to be found in the whole town.'
+_Traditions of Edinburgh_, ed. 1825, i. 72.
+
+[114] See ante, ii. 154, note 1.
+
+[115] Lord Chesterfield wrote from London on Dec. 16, 1760 (_Misc.
+Works_, iv. 291):--'I question whether you will ever see my friend
+George Faulkner in Ireland again, he is become so great and considerable
+a man here in the republic of letters; he has a constant table open to
+all men of wit and learning, and to those sometimes who have neither. I
+have been able to get him to dine with me but twice.'
+
+[116] Dr. Johnson one evening roundly asserted in his rough way that
+"Swift was a shallow fellow; a very shallow fellow." Mr. Sheridan
+replied warmly but modestly, "Pardon me, Sir, for differing from you,
+but I always thought the Dean a very clear writer." Johnson vociferated
+"All shallows are clear."' _Town and Country Mag_. Sept. 1769. _Notes
+and Queries_, Jan. 1855, p. 62. See _ante_, iv. 61.
+
+[117] '_The Memoirs of Scriblerus_,' says Johnson (_Works_, viii. 298),
+'seem to be the production of Arbuthnot, with a few touches, perhaps, by
+Pope.' Swift also was concerned in it. Johnson goes on to shew why 'this
+joint production of three great writers has never obtained any notice
+from mankind.' Arbuthnot was the author of _John Bull_. Swift wrote to
+Stella on May 10, 1712:--'I hope you read _John Bull_. It was a Scotch
+gentleman, a friend of mine, that wrote it; but they put it upon me.'
+See _ante_, i. 425.
+
+[118] See _ante_, i. 452, and ii. 318.
+
+[119] Horace, _Satires_. I. iii. 19.
+
+[120] See _ante_, i. 396, and ii. 298.
+
+[121] See _ante_, ii. 74.
+
+[122] 'At supper there was such conflux of company that I could scarcely
+support the tumult. I have never been well in the whole journey, and am
+very easily disordered.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 109.
+
+[123] See _ante_, iv. 17, and under June 9, 1784.
+
+[124] Johnson was thinking of Sir Matthew Hale for one.
+
+[125] 'It is supposed that there were no executions for witchcraft in
+England subsequently to the year 1682; but the Statute of I James I, c.
+12, so minute in its enactments against witches, was not repealed till
+the 9 Geo. II, c. 5. In Scotland, so late as the year 1722, when the
+local jurisdictions were still hereditary [see _post_, Sept. 11], the
+sheriff of Sutherlandshire condemned a witch to death.' _Penny Cyclo_.
+xxvii. 490. In the Bishopric of Wurtzburg, so late as 1750, a nun was
+burnt for witchcraft: 'Cette malheureuse fille soutint opiniâtrément
+qu'elle était sorcière.... Elle était folle, ses juges furent imbécilles
+et barbares.' Voltaire's _Works_, ed. 1819, xxvi. 285.
+
+[126] A Dane wrote to Garrick from Copenhagen on Dec. 23, 1769:--'There
+is some of our retinue who, not understanding a word of your language,
+mimic your gesture and your action: so great an impression did it make
+upon their minds, the scene of daggers has been repeated in dumb show a
+hundred times, and those most ignorant of the English idiom can cry out
+with rapture, "A horse, a horse; my kingdom for a horse!"' _Garrick
+Corres._ i. 375. See _ante_, vol. iv. under Sept. 30, 1783
+
+[127] See _ante_, i. 466.
+
+[128] Johnson, in the preface to his _Dictionary_ (_Works_, v. 43),
+after stating what he had at first planned, continues:--'But these were
+the dreams of a poet doomed at last to wake a lexicographer.' See
+_ante_, i. 189, note 2, and May I, 1783.
+
+[129] See his letter on this subject in the APPENDIX. BOSWELL. He had
+been tutor to Hume's nephew and was one of Hume's friends. J.H Burton's
+_Hume_, ii. 399.
+
+[130] By the Baron d'Holbach. Voltaire (_Works_, xii. 212) describes
+this book as 'Une _Philippique_ contre Dieu.' He wrote to M.
+Saurin:--'Ce maudit livre du Système de la Nature est un péché contre
+nature. Je vous sais bien bon gré de réprouver l'athéisme et d'aimer ce
+vers: "Si Dieu n'existait pas, il faudrait l'inventer." Je suis rarement
+content de mes vers, mais j'avoue que j'ai une tendresse de père pour
+celui-là.' _Ib_. v. 418.
+
+[131] One of Garrick's correspondents speaks of 'the sneer of one of
+Johnson's ghastly smiles.' _Garrick Corres_. i. 334. 'Ghastly smile' is
+borrowed from _Paradise Lost_, ii. 846.
+
+[132] See _ante_, iii. 212. In Chambers's _Traditions of Edinburgh_, ii.
+158, is given a comic poem entitled _The Court of Session Garland_,
+written by Boswell, with the help, it was said, of Maclaurin.
+
+[133] Dr. John Gregory, Professor of Medicine in the University of
+Edinburgh, died on Feb. 10 of this year. It was his eldest son James who
+met Johnson. 'This learned family has given sixteen professors to
+British Universities.' Chalmers's _Biog. Dict._ xvi. 289.
+
+[134] See _ante_, i. 257, note 3.
+
+[135] See _ante_, i. 228.
+
+[136] See _ante_, ii. 196.
+
+[137] In the original, _cursed the form that_, &c. Johnson's _Works_, i.
+21.
+
+[138] Mistress of Edward IV. BOSWELL.
+
+[139] Mistress of Louis XIV. BOSWELL. Voltaire, speaking of the King and
+Mlle. de La Vallière (not Valiere, as Lord Hailes wrote her name),
+says:--'Il goûta avec elle le bonheur rare d'être aimé uniquement pour
+lui-même.' _Siècle de Louis XIV_, ch. 25. He describes her penitence in
+a fine passage. _Ib._ ch. 26.
+
+[140] Malone, in a note on the _Life of Boswell_ under 1749, says that
+'this lady was not the celebrated Lady Vane, whose memoirs were given to
+the public by Dr. Smollett [in _Peregrine Pickle_], but Anne Vane, who
+was mistress to Frederick Prince of Wales, and died in 1736, not long
+before Johnson settled in London.' She is mentioned in a note to Horace
+Walpole's _Letters_, 1. cxxxvi.
+
+[141] Catharine Sedley, the mistress of James II, is described by
+Macaulay, _Hist of Eng._ ed. 1874, ii. 323.
+
+[142] Dr. A Carlyle (_Auto._ p. 114) tells how in 1745 he found
+'Professor Maclaurin busy on the walls on the south side of Edinburgh,
+endeavoring to make them more defensible [against the Pretender]. He had
+even erected some small cannon.' See _ante_, iii, 15, for a ridiculous
+story told of him by Goldsmith.
+
+[143]
+
+      'Crudelis ubique
+Luctus, ubique pavor, et plurima
+  mortis imago:'
+    'grim grief on every side,
+And fear on every side there is,
+  and many-faced is death.'
+
+Morris, Virgil _Aeneids_, ii. 368.
+
+[144] Mr. Maclaurin's epitaph, as engraved on a marble tomb-stone, in the
+Grey-Friars church-yard, Edinburgh:--
+
+     Infra situs est
+     COLIN MACLAURIN,
+     Mathes. olim in Acad. Edin. Prof.
+     Electus ipso Newtono suadente.
+     H.L.P.F.
+     Non ut nomini paterno consulat,
+     Nam tali auxilio nil eget;
+     Sed ut in hoc infelici campo,
+     Ubi luctus regnant et pavor,
+     Mortalibus prorsus non absit solatium;
+     Hujus enim scripta evolve,
+     Mentemque tantarum rerum capacem
+     Corpori caduco superstitem crede.
+
+BOSWELL.
+
+[145] See _ante_, i. 437, and _post_, p. 72.
+
+[146]
+
+     'What is't to us, if taxes rise or fall,
+      Thanks to our fortune we pay none at all.
+
+      No statesman e'er will  find it worth his pains
+      To tax our labours and excise our brains.
+      Burthens like these vile earthly buildings bear,
+      No tribute's laid on _Castles_ in the _Air_'
+
+Churchill's _Poems, Night,_ ed. 1766, i. 89.
+
+[147] Pitt, in 1784, laid a tax of ten shillings a year on every horse
+'kept for the saddle, or to be put in carriages used solely for
+pleasure.'_Parl. Hist._ xxiv. 1028.
+
+[148] In 1763 he published the following description of himself in his
+_Correspondence with Erskine_, ed. 1879, p.36. 'The author of the _Ode
+to Tragedy_ is a most excellent man; he is of an ancient family in the
+west of Scotland, upon which he values himself not a little. At his
+nativity there appeared omens of his future greatness. His parts are
+bright; and his education has been good. He has travelled in
+post-chaises miles without number. He is fond of seeing much of the
+world. He eats of every good dish, especially apple-pie. He drinks old
+hock. He has a very fine temper. He is somewhat of an humorist, and a
+little tinctured with pride. He has a good manly countenance, and he
+owns himself to be amorous. He has infinite vivacity, yet is observed at
+times to have a melancholy cast. He is rather fat than lean, rather
+short than tall, rather young than old.' He is oddly enough described in
+Arighi's _Histoire de Pascal Paoli_, i. 231, 'En traversant la
+Mediterranée sur de frêles navires pour venir s'asseoir au foyer de la
+nationalité Corse, des hommes _graves_ tels que Boswel et Volney
+obéissaient sans doute à un sentiment bien plus élevé qu'au besoin
+vulgaire d'une puérile curiosité'
+
+[149] See _ante_, i. 400.
+
+[150] For _respectable_, see _ante_, iii. 241, note 2.
+
+[151] Boswell, in the last of his _Hypochondriacks_, says:--'I perceive
+that my essays are not so lively as I expected they would be, but they
+are more learned. And I beg I may not be charged with excessive
+arrogance when I venture to say that they contain a considerable portion
+of original thinking.'_London Mag_. 1783, p. 124.
+
+[152] Burns, in _The Author's Earnest Cry and Prayer_, says:--
+
+     'But could I like Montgomeries fight,
+      Or gab like Boswell.'
+
+Boswell and Burns were born within a few miles of each other, Boswell
+being the elder by eighteen years.
+
+[153]
+     'For pointed satire I would Buckhurst choose,
+      The best good man, with the worst-natured muse.'
+
+Rochester's _Imitations of Horace, Sat_. i. 10.
+
+[154] Johnson's _Works_, ix. i. See _ante_, ii. 278, where he wrote to
+Boswell:--'I have endeavoured to do you some justice in the first
+paragraph [of the _Journey_].' The day before he started for Scotland he
+wrote to Dr. Taylor:--'Mr. Boswell, an active lively fellow, is to
+conduct me round the country.' _Notes and Queries_, 6th S. v. 422. 'His
+inquisitiveness,' he said, 'is seconded by great activity.' _Works_, ix.
+8. On Oct. 7 he wrote from Skye:--'Boswell will praise my resolution and
+perseverance; and I shall in return celebrate his good humour and
+perpetual cheerfulness.... It is very convenient to travel with him, for
+there is no house where he is not received with kindness and respect.'
+_Piozzi Letters_, i. 198. He told Mrs. Knowles that 'Boswell was the
+best travelling companion in the world.' _Ante_, iii. 294. Mr. Croker
+says (_Croker's Boswell_, p. 280):--'I asked Lord Stowell in what
+estimation he found Boswell amongst his countrymen. "Generally liked as
+a good-natured jolly fellow," replied his lordship. "But was he
+respected?" "Well, I think he had about the proportion of respect that
+you might guess would be shown to a jolly fellow." His lordship thought
+there was more regard than respect.' _Hebrides,_ p. 40.
+
+[155] See _ante_, ii. 103, 411.
+
+[156] There were two quarto volumes of this Diary; perhaps one of them
+Johnson took with him. Boswell had 'accidently seen them and had read a
+great deal in them,' as he owned to Johnson (_ante_, under Dec. 9,
+1784), and moreover had, it should seem, copied from them (_ante_, i.
+251). The 'few fragments' he had received from Francis Barber
+(_ante_, i. 27).
+
+[157] In the original 'how much we lost _at separation_' Johnson's
+_Works_, ix. I. Mr. William Nairne was afterwards a Judge of the Court
+of Sessions by the title of Lord Dunsinnan. Sir Walter Scott wrote of
+him:--'He was a man of scrupulous integrity. When sheriff depute of
+Perthshire, he found upon reflection, that he had decided a poor man's
+case erroneously; and as the only remedy, supplied the litigant
+privately with money to carry the suit to the supreme court, where his
+judgment was reversed.' Croker's _Boswell_, p. 280.
+
+[158]
+
+     'Non illic urbes, non tu mirabere silvas:
+      Una est injusti caerula forma maris.
+
+_Ovid. Amor._ L. II. El. xi.
+
+     Nor groves nor towns the ruthless ocean shows;
+     Unvaried still its azure surface flows.
+
+BOSWELL.
+
+[159] See _ante_. ii. 229.
+
+[160] My friend, General Campbell, Governour of Madras, tells me, that
+they made _speldings_ in the East-Indies, particularly at Bombay, where
+they call them _Bambaloes_. BOSWELL. Johnson had told Boswell that he
+was 'the most _unscottified_ of his countrymen.'_Ante_, ii. 242.
+
+[161] 'A small island, which neither of my companions had ever visited,
+though, lying within their view, it had all their lives solicited their
+notice.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 1.
+
+[162] 'The remains of the fort have been removed to assist in
+constructing a very useful lighthouse upon the island. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[163]
+
+     'Unhappy queen!
+      Unwilling I forsook your friendly state.'
+
+Dryden. [_Aeneid_, vi. 460.] BOSWELL.
+
+[164] Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. p. 331) says of his journey to London in
+1758:--'It is to be noted that we could get no four-wheeled chaise
+till we came to Durham, those conveyances being then only in their
+infancy. Turnpike roads were only in their commencement in the north.'
+'It affords a southern stranger,' wrote Johnson (_Works_ ix. 2), 'a new
+kind of pleasure to travel so commodiously without the interruption of
+toll-gates.'
+
+[165] See _ante_, iii. 265, for Lord Shelburne's statement on this
+subject.
+
+[166] See _ante_, ii. 339, and iii. 205, note 4.
+
+[167] See _ante_, iii. 46.
+
+[168] The passage quoted by Dr. Johnson is in the _Character of the
+Assembly-man_; Butler's _Remains_, p. 232, edit. 1754:--'He preaches,
+indeed, both in season and out of season; for he rails at Popery, when
+the land is almost lost in Presbytery; and would cry Fire! Fire! in
+Noah's flood.'
+
+There is reason to believe that this piece was not written by Butler,
+but by Sir John Birkenhead; for Wood, in his _Athenae Oxonienses_, vol.
+ii. p. 640, enumerates it among that gentleman's works, and gives the
+following account of it:
+
+_'The Assembly-man_ (or the character of an assembly-man) written 1647,
+_Lond._ 1662-3, in three sheets in qu. The copy of it was taken from the
+author by those who said they could not rob, because all was theirs; so
+excised what they liked not; and so mangled and reformed it, that it was
+no character of an Assembly, but of themselves. At length, after it had
+slept several years, the author published it to avoid false copies. It
+is also reprinted in a book entit. _Wit and Loyalty revived_, in a
+collection of some smart satyrs in verse and prose on the late times.
+_Lond._ 1682, qu. said to be written by Abr. Cowley, Sir John
+Birkenhead, and Hudibras, alias Sam. Butler.'--For this information I am
+indebted to Mr. Reed, of Staple Inn. BOSWELL. This tract is in the
+_Harleian Misc_., ed. 1810, vi. 57. Mr. Reed's quotation differs
+somewhat from it.
+
+[169] 'When a Scotchman was talking against Warburton, Johnson said he
+had more literature than had been imported from Scotland since the days
+of Buchanan. Upon the other's mentioning other eminent writers of the
+Scotch; "These will not do," said Johnson, "Let us have some more of
+your northern lights; these are mere farthing candles."' Johnson's
+_Works_ (1787), xi. 208. Dr. T. Campbell records (_Diary_, p. 61) that
+at the dinner at Mr. Dilly's, described _ante_, ii. 338, 'Dr. Johnson
+compared England and Scotland to two lions, the one saturated with his
+belly full, and the other prowling for prey. He defied any one to
+produce a classical book written in Scotland since Buchanan. Robertson,
+he said, used pretty words, but he liked Hume better; and neither of
+them would he allow to be more to Clarendon than a rat to a cat. "A
+Scotch surgeon may have more learning than an English one, and all
+Scotland could not muster learning enough for Lowth's _Prelections_."'
+See _ante_, ii. 363, and March 30, 1783.
+
+[170] The poem is entitled _Gualterus Danistonus ad Amicos_. It
+begins:--
+
+     'Dum studeo fungi fallentis munere vitae'
+
+Which Prior imitates:--
+
+     'Studious the busy moments to deceive.'
+
+Sir Walter Scott thought that the poem praised by Johnson was 'more
+likely the fine epitaph on John, Viscount of Dundee, translated by
+Dryden, and beginning _Ultime Scotoruml_' Archibald Pitcairne, M.D., was
+born in 1652, and died in 1713.
+
+[171] My Journal, from this day inclusive, was read by Dr. Johnson.
+BOSWELL. It was read by Johnson up to the second paragraph of Oct. 26.
+Boswell, it should seem, once at least shewed Johnson a part of the
+Journal from which he formed his _Life_. See _ante_, iii. 260, where he
+says:--'It delighted him on a review to find that his conversation
+teemed with point and imagery.'
+
+[172] See _ante_, ii. 20, note 4.
+
+[173] Goldsmith, in his _Present State of Polite Learning_, published in
+1759, says, (ch. x):--'When the great Somers was at the helm, patronage
+was fashionable among our nobility ... Since the days of a certain prime
+minister of inglorious memory [Sir Robert Walpole] the learned have been
+kept pretty much at a distance. ... The author, when unpatronised by the
+Great, has naturally recourse to the bookseller. There cannot be perhaps
+imagined a combination more prejudicial to taste than this. It is the
+interest of the one to allow as little for writing, and of the other to
+write as much as possible; accordingly tedious compilations and
+periodical magazines are the result of their joint endeavours.'
+
+[174] In the first number of _The Rambler_, Johnson shews how attractive
+to an author is the form of publication which he was himself then
+adopting:--'It heightens his alacrity to think in how many places he
+shall have what he is now writing read with ecstacies to-morrow.'
+
+[175] Yet he said 'the inhabitants of Lichfield were the most sober,
+decent people in England.' _Ante_, ii. 463.
+
+[176] At the beginning of the eighteenth century, says Goldsmith,
+'smoking in the rooms [at Bath] was permitted.' When Nash became King of
+Bath he put it down. Goldsmith's _Works_, ed. 1854, iv. 51. 'Johnson,'
+says Boswell (_ante_, i. 317), 'had a high opinion of the sedative
+influence of smoking.'
+
+[177] Dr. Johnson used to practise this himself very much. BOSWELL.
+
+[178] In _The Tatler_, for May 24, 1709, we are told that 'rural
+esquires wear shirts half a week, and are drunk twice a day.' In the
+year 1720, Fenton urged Gay 'to sell as much South Sea stock as would
+purchase a hundred a year for life, "which will make you sure of a clean
+shirt and a shoulder of mutton every day."' Johnson's _Works_, viii. 65.
+In _Tristram Shandy_, ii. ch. 4, published in 1759, we read:--'It was in
+this year [about 1700] that my uncle began to break in upon the daily
+regularity of a clean shirt.' In _the Spiritual Quixote_, published in
+1773 (i. 51), Tugwell says to his master:--'Your Worship belike has been
+used to shift you twice a week.' Mrs. Piozzi (_Journey_, i. 105, date of
+1789) says that she heard in Milan 'a travelled gentleman telling his
+auditors how all the men in London, _that were noble_, put on a clean
+shirt every day.' Johnson himself owned that he had 'no passion for
+clean linen.' _Ante_, i. 397.
+
+[179] Scott, in _Old Mortality_, ed. 1860, ix. 352, says:--'It was a
+universal custom in Scotland, that, when the family was at dinner, the
+outer-gate of the court-yard, if there was one, and if not, the door of
+the house itself, was always shut and locked.' In a note on this he
+says:--'The custom of keeping the door of a house or chateau locked
+during the time of dinner probably arose from the family being anciently
+assembled in the hall at that meal, and liable to surprise.'
+
+[180] Johnson, writing of 'the chapel of the alienated college,'
+says:--'I was always by some civil excuse hindered from entering it.'
+_Works_, ix. 4.
+
+[181] George Marline's _Reliquiae divi Andreae_ was published in 1797.
+
+[182] See _ante_, ii. 171, and iv. 75.
+
+[183] Mr. Chambers says that Knox was buried in a place which soon after
+became, and ever since has been, a high-way; namely, the old church-yard
+of St. Giles in Edinburgh. Croker's _Boswell_, p. 283.
+
+[184] In _The Rambler_, No. 82, Johnson makes a virtuoso write:--'I
+often lamented that I was not one of that happy generation who
+demolished the convents and monasteries, and broke windows by law.' He
+had in 1754 'viewed with indignation the ruins of the Abbeys of Oseney
+and Rewley near Oxford.' Ante, i. 273. Smollett, in _Humphry Clinker_
+(Letrer of Aug. 8), describes St. Andrews as 'the skeleton of a
+venerable city.'
+
+[185] 'Some talked of the right of society to the labour of individuals,
+and considered retirement as a desertion of duty. Others readily allowed
+that there was a time when the claims of the publick were satisfied, and
+when a man might properly sequester himself to review his life and
+purify his heart.' _Rasselas_, ch. 22.
+
+[186] See _ante_, ii. 423.
+
+[187] See _ante_, iv. 5, note 2, and v. 27.
+
+[188] 'He that lives well in the world is better than he that lives well
+in a monastery. But, perhaps, every one is not able to stem the
+temptations of publick life, and, if he cannot conquer, he may properly
+retreat.' _Rasselas_, ch. 47. See _ante_, ii. 435.
+
+[189] 'A youthful passion for abstracted devotion should not be
+encouraged.' _Ante_, ii. 10. The hermit in _Rasselas_ (ch. 21)
+says:--'The life of a solitary man will be certainly miserable, but not
+certainly devout.' In Johnson's _Works_ (1787), xi. 203, we read that
+'Johnson thought worse of the vices of retirement than of those of
+society.' Southey (_Life of Wesley_, i. 39) writes:--'Some time before
+John Wesley's return to the University, he had travelled many miles to
+see what is called "a serious man." This person said to him, "Sir, you
+wish to serve God and go to heaven. Remember, you cannot serve Him
+alone; you must therefore find companions or make them; the Bible knows
+nothing of solitary religion." Wesley never forgot these words.'
+
+[190] [Erga neon, boulai de meson euchai de gerunton. _Hesiodi
+Fragmenta_, Lipsiae 1840, p. 371]
+
+     Let youth in deeds, in  counsel man engage;
+     Prayer is the proper duty of old age.
+
+BOSWELL.
+
+[191] One 'sorrowful scene' Johnson was perhaps too late in the year to
+see. Wesley, who visited St. Andrews on May 27, 1776, during the
+vacation, writes (_Journal_, iv. 75):--'What is left of St. Leonard's
+College is only a heap of ruins. Two colleges remain. One of them has a
+tolerable square; but all the windows are broke, like those of a
+brothel. We were informed the students do this before they leave
+the college.'
+
+[192] 'He was murdered by the ruffians of reformation, in the manner of
+which Knox has given what he himself calls a merry narrative.' Johnson's
+_Works_, ix. 3. In May 1546 the Cardinal had Wishart the Reformer
+killed, and at the end of the same month he got killed himself.
+
+[193] Johnson says (_Works_, ix. 5):--'The doctor, by whom it was
+shown, hoped to irritate or subdue my English vanity by telling me that
+we had no such repository of books in England.' He wrote to Mrs. Thrale
+(_Piozzi Letters_, i. 113):--'For luminousness and elegance it may vie
+at least with the new edifice at Streatham.' 'The new edifice' was, no
+doubt, the library of which he took the touching farewell. _Ante_,
+iv. 158.
+
+[194] 'Sorrow is properly that state of the mind in which our desires
+are fixed upon the past, without looking forward to the future, an
+incessant wish that something were otherwise than it has been, a
+tormenting and harassing want of some enjoyment or possession which we
+have lost, and which no endeavours can possibly regain.' _The Rambler_,
+No. 47. He wrote to Mrs. Thrale on the death of her son:--'Do not
+indulge your sorrow; try to drive it away by either pleasure or pain;
+for, opposed to what you are feeling, many pains will become pleasures.'
+_Piozzi Letters_, i. 310.
+
+[195] See ante, ii. 151.
+
+[196] The Pembroke College grace was written by Camden. It was as
+follows:--'Gratias tibi agimus, Deus misericors, pro acceptis a tua
+bonitate alimentis; enixe comprecantes ut serenissimum nostrum Regem
+Georgium, totam regiam familiam, populumque tuum universum tuta in pace
+semper custodies.'
+
+[197] Sharp was murdered on May 3, 1679, in a moor near St. Andrews.
+Burnet's _History of his Own time_, ed. 1818, ii. 82, and Scott's _Old
+Mortality_, ed, 1860, ix. 297, and x. 203.
+
+[198] 'One of its streets is now lost; and in those that remain there is
+the silence and solitude of inactive indigence and gloomy
+depopulation.... St. Andrews seems to be a place eminently adapted to
+study and education.... The students, however, are represented as, at
+this time, not exceeding a hundred. I saw no reason for imputing their
+paucity to the present professors.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 4. A student,
+he adds, of lower rank could get his board, lodging, and instruction for
+less than ten pounds for the seven months of residence. Stockdale says
+(_Memoirs_, i. 238) that 'in St. Andrews, in 1756, for a good bedroom,
+coals, and the attendance of a servant I paid one shilling a week.'
+
+[199] _The Compleat Fencing-Master_, by Sir William Hope. London, 1691.
+
+[200] 'In the whole time of our stay we were gratified by every mode of
+kindness, and entertained with all the elegance of lettered hospitality'
+Johnson's _Works_, ix. 3.
+
+[201] Dugald Stewart (_Life of Adam Smith_, p. 107) writes:--'Mr. Smith
+observed to me not long before his death, that after all his practice in
+writing he composed as slowly, and with as great difficulty as at first.
+He added at the same time that Mr. Hume had acquired so great a facility
+in this respect, that the last volumes of his _History_ were printed
+from his original copy, with a few marginal corrections.' See _ante_,
+iii. 437 and iv. 12.
+
+[202] Of these only twenty-five have been published: Johnson's _Works_,
+ix. 289-525. See _ante_, iii. 19, note 3, and 181. Johnson wrote on
+April 20, 1778:--'I have made sermons, perhaps as readily as formerly.'
+_Pr. and Med._ p. 170. 'I should think,' said Lord Eldon, 'that no
+clergyman ever wrote as many sermons as Lord Stowell. I advised him to
+burn all his manuscripts of that kind. It is not fair to the clergymen
+to have it known he wrote them.' Twiss's _Eldon_, iii. 286. Johnson, we
+may be sure, had no copy of any of his sermons. That none of them should
+be known but those he wrote for Taylor is strange.
+
+[203] He made the same statement on June 3, 1781 (_ante_, iv. 127),
+adding, 'I should be glad to see it [the translation] now.' This shows
+that he was not speaking of his translation of _Lobo_, as Mr. Croker
+maintains in a note on this passage. I believe he was speaking of his
+translation of Courayer's _Life of Paul Sarpi. Ante_, i. 135.
+
+[204] 'As far as I am acquainted with modern architecture, I am aware of
+no streets which, in simplicity and manliness of style, or general
+breadth and brightness of effect, equal those of the New Town of
+Edinburgh. But, etc.' Ruskin's _Lectures on Architecture and
+Painting_, p. 2.
+
+[205] Horace, _Odes_, ii. 14. 1.
+
+[206] John Abernethy, a Presbyterian divine. His works in 7 vols. 8vo.
+were published in 1740-51.
+
+[207] Leechman was principal of Glasgow University (_post_, Oct. 29). On
+his appointment to the Chair of Theology he had been prosecuted for
+heresy for having, in his _Sermon on Prayer_, omitted to state the
+obligation to pray in the name of Christ. Dr. A. Carlyle's _Auto_. p.
+69. One of his sermons was placed in Hume's hands, apparently that the
+author might have his suggestions in preparing a second edition. Hume
+says:--'First the addressing of our virtuous withes and desires to the
+Deity, since the address has no influence on him, is only a kind of
+rhetorical figure, in order to render these wishes more ardent and
+passionate. This is Mr. Leechman's doctrine. Now the use of any figure
+of speech can never be a duty. Secondly, this figure, like most figures
+of rhetoric, has an evident impropriety in it, for we can make use of no
+expression, or even thought, in prayers and entreaties, which does not
+imply that these prayers have an influence. Thirdly, this figure is very
+dangerous, and leads directly, and even unavoidably, to impiety and
+blasphemy,' etc. J.H. Burton's _Hume_, i. 161.
+
+[208] Nichols (_Lit. Anec._ ii. 555) records:--'During the whole of my
+intimacy with Dr. Johnson he rarely permitted me to depart without some
+sententious advice.... His words at parting were, "Take care of your
+eternal salvation. Remember to observe the Sabbath. Let it never be a
+day of business, nor wholly a day of dissipation." He concluded his
+solemn farewell with, "Let my words have their due weight. They are the
+words of a dying man." I never saw him more.'
+
+[209] See _ante_, ii. 72.
+
+[210] 'From the bank of the Tweed to St. Andrews I had never seen a
+single tree which I did not believe to have grown up far within the
+present century.... The variety of sun and shade is here utterly
+unknown.... A tree might be a show in Scotland as a horse in Venice.
+At St. Andrews Mr. Boswell found only one, and recommended it to my
+notice: I told him that it was rough and low, or looked as if I thought
+so. "This," said he, "is nothing to another a few miles off." I was still
+less delighted to hear that another tree was not to be seen nearer.
+"Nay," said a gentleman that stood by, "I know but of this and that tree
+in the county."' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 7 'In all this journey [so far
+as Slains Castle] I have not travelled an hundred yards between hedges,
+or seen five trees fit for the carpenter.' _Piozzi Letters_, i.120. See
+_ante_, ii. 301.
+
+[211] One of the Boswells of this branch was, in 1798, raised to the
+bench under the title of Lord Balmuto. It was his sister who was
+Boswell's step-mother. Rogers's _Boswelliana,_ pp. 4, 82.
+
+[212] 'The colony of Leuchars is a vain imagination concerning a certain
+fleet of Danes wrecked on Sheughy Dikes.' WALTER SCOTT. 'The fishing
+people on that coast have, however, all the appearance of being a
+different race from the inland population, and their dialect has many
+peculiarities.' LOCKHART. Croker's _Boswell_, p. 286.
+
+[213] 'I should scarcely have regretted my journey, had it afforded
+nothing more than the sight of Aberbrothick.' _Works_, ix. 9.
+
+[214] Johnson referred, I believe, to the last of Tillotson's _Sermons
+preached upon Several Occasions_, ed. 1673, p. 316, where the preacher
+says:--'Supposing the _Scripture_ to be a Divine Revelation, and that
+these words (_This is My Body_), if they be in Scripture, must
+necessarily be taken in the strict and literal sense, I ask now, What
+greater evidence any man has that these words (_This is My Body_) are in
+the Bible than every man has that the bread is not changed in the
+sacrament? Nay, no man has so much, for we have only the evidence of
+_one_ sense that these words are in the Bible, but that the bread is not
+changed we have the concurring testimony of _several_ of our senses.'
+
+[215] This also is Tillotson's argument. 'There is no more certain
+foundation for it [transubstantiation] in Scripture than for our
+Saviour's being substantially changed into all those things which are
+said of him, as that he is a _rock_, a _vine_, a _door_, and a hundred
+other things.' _Ib_. p. 313.
+
+[216] Then Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, except
+ye eat the flesh of the son of man, and drink his blood, ye have no life
+in you. See _St. John's Gospel_, chap. vi. 53, and following
+verses. BOSWELL.
+
+[217] See _ante_, p. 26.
+
+[218] See _ante_, i. 140, note 5, and v. 50.
+
+[219] Johnson, after saying that the inn was not so good as they
+expected, continues:--'But Mr. Boswell desired me to observe that the
+innkeeper was an Englishman, and I then defended him as well as I
+could.' _Works_, ix. 9.
+
+[220] Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale on July 29, 1775 (_Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 292):--' I hope I shall quickly come to Streatham...and catch a little
+gaiety among you.' On this Baretti noted in his copy:--'_That_ he never
+caught. He thought and mused at Streatham as he did habitually
+everywhere, and seldom or never minded what was doing about him.' On the
+margin of i. 315 Baretti has written:--'Johnson mused as much on the road
+to Paris as he did in his garret in London as much at a French opera as
+in his room at Streatham.'
+
+[221] _A Biographical Sketch of Dr. Samuel Johnson,_ by Thomas Tyers,
+Esq. See _ante_, iii. 308.
+
+[222] This description of Dr. Johnson appears to have been borrowed from
+Tom Jones, bk. xi. ch. ii. 'The other who, like a ghost, only wanted to
+be spoke to, readily answered, '&c. BOSWELL.
+
+[223] Perhaps he gave the 'shilling extraordinary' because he 'found a
+church,' as he says, 'clean to a degree unknown in any other part of
+Scotland.' _Works_, ix. 9.
+
+[224] See _ante,_ iii. 22.
+
+[225] See _ante,_ May 9, 1784. Yet Johnson says (_Works_, ix. 10):--'The
+magnetism of Lord Monboddo's conversation easily drew us out of
+our way.'
+
+[226] There were several points of similarity between them; learning,
+clearness of head, precision of speech, and a love of research on many
+subjects which people in general do not investigate. Foote paid Lord
+Monboddo the compliment of saying, that he was an Elzevir edition
+of Johnson.
+
+It has been shrewdly observed that Foote must have meant a diminutive,
+or _pocket_ edition. BOSWELL. The latter part of this note is not in the
+first edition.
+
+[227] Lord Elibank (_post_, Sept. 12) said that he would go five hundred
+miles to see Dr. Johnson; but Johnson never said more than he meant.
+
+[228] _Works_, ix. 10. Of the road to Montrose he remarks:--'When I had
+proceeded thus far I had opportunities of observing, what I had never
+heard, that there were many beggars in Scotland. In Edinburgh the the
+proportion is, I think, not less than in London, and in the smaller
+places it is far greater than in English towns of the same extent. It
+must, however, be allowed that they are not importunate, nor clamorous.
+They solicit silently, or very modestly.' _Ib._ p. 9. See _post_, p.
+116, note 2.
+
+[229] James Mill was born on April 6, 1773, at Northwater Bridge, parish
+of Logie Pert, Forfar. The bridge was 'on the great central line of
+communication from the north of Scotland. The hamlet is right and left
+of the high road.' Bain's _Life of James Mill_, p. 1. Boswell and
+Johnson, on their road to Laurence Kirk, must have passed close to the
+cottage in which he was lying, a baby not five months old.
+
+[230] See _ante_, i. 211.
+
+[231] There is some account of him in Chambers's _Traditions of
+Edinburgh_, ed. 1825, ii. 173, and in Dr. A. Carlyle's _Auto._ p. 136.
+
+[232] G. Chalmers (_Life of Ruddiman_, p. 270) says:--'In May, 1790, Lord
+Gardenston declared that he still intended to erect a proper monument in
+his village to the memory of the late learned and worthy Mr. Ruddiman.'
+In 1792 Gardenston, in his _Miscellanies_, p. 257, attacked Ruddiman.
+'It has of late become fashionable,' he wrote, 'to speak of Ruddiman in
+terms of the highest respect.' The monument was never raised.
+
+[233] _A Letter to the Inhabitants of Laurence Kirk_, by F. Garden.
+
+[234] 'Be not forgetful to entertain strangers: for thereby some have
+entertained angels unawares.' _Hebrews_ xiii, 2.
+
+[235] This, I find, is considered as obscure. I suppose Dr. Johnson
+meant, that I assiduously and earnestly recommended myself to some of
+the members, as in a canvass for an election into parliament. BOSWELL.
+See _ante_, ii, 235.
+
+[236] Goldsmith in _Retaliation_, a few months later, wrote of William
+Burke:--'Would you ask for his merits? alas! he had none; What was good
+was spontaneous, his faults were his own.' See _ante_, iii 362, note 2.
+
+[237] See _ante_, iii. 260, 390, 425.
+
+[238] Hannah More (_Memoirs_, i. 252) wrote of Monboddo in 1782:--'He is
+such an extravagant adorer of the ancients, that he scarcely allows the
+English language to be capable of any excellence, still less the French.
+He said we moderns are entirely degenerated. I asked in what? "In
+everything," was his answer. He loves slavery upon principle. I asked
+him how he could vindicate such an enormity. He owned it was because
+Plutarch justified it. He is so wedded to system that, as Lord
+Barrington said to me the other day, rather than sacrifice his favourite
+opinion that men were born with tails, he would be contented to wear
+one himself.'
+
+[239] Scott, in a note on _Guy Mannering_, ed. 1860, iv. 267, writes of
+Monboddo:--'The conversation of the excellent old man, his high,
+gentleman-like, chivalrous spirit, the learning and wit with which he
+defended his fanciful paradoxes, the kind and liberal spirit of his
+hospitality, must render these _noctes coenaeque_ dear to all who, like
+the author (though then young), had the honour of sitting at his board.'
+
+[240] Lord Cockburn, writing of the title that Jeffrey took when he was
+raised to the Bench in 1834, said:--'The Scotch Judges are styled
+_Lords_; a title to which long usage has associated feelings of
+reverence in the minds of the people, who could not now be soon made to
+respect or understand _Mr. Justice_. During its strongly feudalised
+condition, the landholders of Scotland, who were almost the sole judges,
+were really known only by the names of their estates. It was an insult,
+and in some parts of the country it is so still, to call a laird by his
+personal, instead of his territorial, title. But this assumption of two
+names, one official and one personal, and being addressed by the one and
+subscribing by the other, is wearing out, and will soon disappear
+entirely.' Cockburn's _Jeffrey_, i. 365. See _post_, p. 111, note 1.
+
+[241] _Georgics_, i. 1.
+
+[242] Walter Scott used to tell an instance of Lord Monboddo's
+agricultural enthusiasm, that returning home one night after an absence
+(I think) on circuit, he went out with a candle to look at a field of
+turnips, then a novelty in Scotland. CROKER.
+
+[243] Johnson says the same in his _Life of John Philips_, and adds:--
+'This I was told by Miller, the great gardener and botanist, whose
+experience was, that "there were many books written on the same subject
+in prose, which do not contain so much truth as that poem."' _Works_,
+vii. 234. Miller is mentioned in Walpole's _Letters_, ii. 352:--'There is
+extreme taste in the park [Hagley]: the seats are not the best, but
+there is not one absurdity. There is a ruined castle built by Miller,
+that would get him his freedom, even of Strawberry: it has the true rust
+of the Barons' Wars.'
+
+[244] See _ante_, p. 27.
+
+[245] My note of this is much too short. _Brevis esse laboro, obscurus
+fio_. ['I strive to be concise, I prove obscure.' FRANCIS. Horace, _Ars
+Poet_. l. 25.] Yet as I have resolved that _the very Journal which Dr.
+Johnson read_, shall be presented to the publick, I will not expand the
+text in any considerable degree, though I may occasionally supply a word
+to complete the sense, as I fill up the blanks of abbreviation, in the
+writing; neither of which can be said to change the genuine _Journal_.
+One of the best criticks of our age conjectures that the imperfect
+passage above was probably as follows: 'In his book we have an accurate
+display of a nation in war, and a nation in peace; the peasant is
+delineated as truly as the general; nay, even harvest-sport, and the
+modes of ancient theft are described.' BOSWELL. 'One of the best
+criticks is, I believe, Malone, who had 'perused the original
+manuscript.' See _ante_, p. 1; and _post_, Oct. 26, and under Nov. 11.
+
+[246] It was in the Parliament-house that 'the ordinary Lords of
+Session,' the Scotch Judges, that is to say, held their courts.
+_Ante_, p. 39.
+
+[247] Dr. Johnson modestly said, he had not read Homer so much as he
+wished he had done. But this conversation shews how well he was
+acquainted with the Maeonian bard; and he has shewn it still more in his
+criticism upon Pope's _Homer_, in his _Life_ of that Poet. My excellent
+friend, Mr. Langton, told me, he was once present at a dispute between
+Dr. Johnson and Mr. Burke, on the comparative merits of Homer and
+Virgil, which was carried on with extraordinary abilities on both sides.
+Dr. Johnson maintained the superiority of Homer. BOSWELL. Johnson told
+Windham that he had never read through the Odyssey in the original.
+Windham's _Diary_, p. 17. See _ante_, iii. 193, and May 1, 1783.
+
+[248] Johnson ten years earlier told Boswell that he loved most 'the
+biographical part of literature.' _Ante_, i. 425. Goldsmith said of
+biography:--'It furnishes us with an opportunity of giving advice freely
+and without offence.... Counsels as well as compliments are best
+conveyed in an indirect and oblique manner, and this renders biography
+as well as fable a most convenient vehicle for instruction. An ingenious
+gentleman was asked what was the best lesson for youth; he answered,
+"The life of a good man." Being again asked what was the next best, he
+replied, "The life of a bad one."' Prior's _Goldsmith_, i. 395.
+
+[249] See _ante_, p. 57.
+
+[250] Ten years later he said:--'There is now a great deal more
+learning in the world than there was formerly; for it is universally
+diffused.' _Ante_, April 29,1783. Windham (_Diary_, p. 17) records
+'Johnson's opinion that I could not name above five of my college
+acquaintances who read Latin with sufficient ease to make it
+pleasurable.'
+
+[251] See _ante_, ii. 352.
+
+[252] 'Warburton, whatever was his motive, undertook without
+solicitation to rescue Pope from the talons of Crousaz, by freeing him
+from the imputation of favouring fatality, or rejecting revelation; and
+from month to month continued a vindication of the _Essay on Man_ in the
+literary journal of that time, called the _Republick of Letters'_
+Johnson's _Works_, viii. 289. Pope wrote to Warburton of the _Essay on
+Man_:--'You understand my work better than I do myself.' Pope's _Works_,
+ed. 1886, ix. 211.
+
+[253] See _ante_, ii. 37, note I, and Pope's _Works_, ed. 1886, ix. 220.
+Allen was Ralph Allen of Prior Park near Bath, to whom Fielding
+dedicated _Amelia_, and who is said to have been the original of
+Allworthy in _Tom Jones_. It was he of whom Pope wrote:--
+
+     'Let low-born Allen, with an awkward shame,
+      Do good by stealth and blush to find it fame.'
+
+_Epilogue to the Satires_, i. 135.
+
+_Low-born_ in later editions was changed to _humble_. Warburton not only
+married his niece, but, on his death, became in her right owner of
+Prior Park.
+
+[254] Mr. Mark Pattison (_Satires of Pope_, p. 158) points out
+Warburton's 'want of penetration in that subject [metaphysics] which he
+considered more peculiarly his own.' He said of 'the late Mr. Baxter'
+(Andrew Baxter, not Richard Baxter), that 'a few pages of his reasoning
+have not only more sense and substance than all the elegant discourses
+of Dr. Berkeley, but infinitely better entitle him to the character of a
+great genius.'
+
+[255] It is of Warburton that Churchill wrote in _The Duellist (Poems,_
+ed. 1766, ii. 82):--
+
+     'To prove his faith which all admit
+      Is at least equal to his wit,
+      And make himself a man of note,
+      He in defence of Scripture wrote;
+      So long he wrote, and long about it,
+      That e'en believers 'gan to doubt it.'
+
+
+[256] I find some doubt has been entertained concerning Dr. Johnson's
+meaning here. It is to be supposed that he meant, 'when a king shall
+again be entertained in Scotland.' BOSWELL.
+
+[257] Perhaps among these ladies was the Miss Burnet of Monboddo, on
+whom Burns wrote an elegy.
+
+[258] In the _Rambler_, No. 98, entitled _The Necessity of Cultivating
+Politeness_, Johnson says:--'The universal axiom in which all
+complaisance is included, and from which flow all the formalities which
+custom has established in civilized nations, is, _That no man shall give
+any preference to himself.'_ In the same paper, he says that
+'unnecessarily to obtrude unpleasing ideas is a species of oppression.'
+
+[259] Act ii. sc. 5.
+
+[260] Perhaps he was referring to Polyphemus's club, which was
+
+     'Of height and bulk so vast
+      The largest ship might claim it for a mast.'
+
+Pope's _Odyssey_, ix. 382.
+
+Or to Agamemnon's sceptre:--
+
+     'Which never more shall leaves or blossoms bear.'
+
+_Iliad_, i. 310.
+
+[261] 'We agreed pretty well, only we disputed in adjusting the claims
+of merit between a shopkeeper of London and a savage of the American
+wildernesses. Our opinions were, I think, maintained on both sides
+without full conviction; Monboddo declared boldly for the savage, and I,
+perhaps for that reason, sided with the citizen.' _Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 115.
+
+[262]
+
+     'Heroes are much the same, the point's agreed,
+      From Macedonia's madman to the Swede;
+      The whole strange purpose of their lives to find,
+      Or make, an enemy of all mankind!
+      Not one looks backward, onward still he goes,
+      Yet ne'er looks forward further than his nose.'
+
+_Essay on Man,_ iv. 219.
+
+[263] _Maccaroni_ is not in Johnson's _Dictionary_. Horace Walpole
+(_Letters_, iv. 178) on Feb. 6, 1764, mentions 'the Maccaroni Club,
+which is composed of all the travelled young men who wear long curls and
+spying-glasses.' On the following Dec. 16 he says:--'The Maccaroni Club
+has quite absorbed Arthur's; for, you know, old fools will hobble after
+young ones.' _Ib._ p. 302. See _post_, Sept. 12, for _buck_.
+
+[264] 'We came late to Aberdeen, where I found my dear mistress's
+letter, and learned that all our little people were happily recovered of
+the measles. Every part of your letter was pleasing.' _Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 115. For Johnson's use of the word _mistress_ in speaking of Mrs.
+Thrale see _ante_, i. 494.
+
+[265] See _ante_, ii. 455. 'They taught us,' said one of the Professors,
+'to raise cabbage and make shoes, How they lived without shoes may yet
+be seen; but in the passage through villages it seems to him that
+surveys their gardens, that when they had not cabbage they had nothing.'
+_Piozzi Letters_, i. 116. Johnson in the same letter says that 'New
+Aberdeen is built of that granite which is used for the _new_ pavement
+in London.'
+
+[266] 'In Aberdeen I first saw the women in plaids.' _Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 116.
+
+[267] Seven years later Mackintosh, on entering King's College, found
+there the son of Johnson's old friend, 'the learned Dr. Charles Burney,
+finishing his term at Aberdeen.' Among his fellow-students were also
+some English Dissenters, among them Robert Hall. Mackintosh's _Life,_ i.
+10, 13. In Forbes's _Life of Beattie_ (ed. 1824, p. 169) is a letter by
+Beattie, dated Oct. 15, 1773, in which the English and Scotch
+Universities are compared. Colman, in his _Random Records,_ ii. 85,
+gives an account of his life at Aberdeen as a student.
+
+[268] Lord Bolingbroke (Works, iii. 347) in 1735 speaks of 'the little
+care that is taken in the training up our youth,' and adds, 'surely it
+is impossible to take less.' See _ante_, ii. 407, and iii. 12.
+
+[269] _London, 2d May_, 1778. Dr. Johnson acknowledged that he was
+himself the authour of the translation above alluded to, and dictated it
+to me as follows:--
+
+     Quos laudet vates Graius Romanus et Anglus
+     Tres tria temporibus secla dedere suis.
+     Sublime ingenium Graius; Romanus habebat
+     Carmen grande sonans; Anglus utrumque tulit.
+     Nil majus Natura capit: clarare priores
+     Quae potuere duos tertius unus habet.    BOSWELL.
+
+It was on May 2, 1778, that Johnson attacked Boswell with such rudeness
+that he kept away from him for a week. _Ante_, iii. 337.
+
+[270] 'We were on both sides glad of the interview, having not seen nor
+perhaps thought on one another for many years; but we had no emulation,
+nor had either of us risen to the other's envy, and our old kindness was
+easily renewed.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 117.
+
+[271] Johnson wrote on Sept. 30:--'Barley-broth is a constant dish, and
+is made well in every house. A stranger, if he is prudent, will secure
+his share, for it is not certain that he will be able to eat anything
+else.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. p. 160.
+
+[272] See _ante_. p. 24.
+
+[273] _Genesis_, ix. 6.
+
+[274] My worthy, intelligent, and candid friend, Dr. Kippis, informs me,
+that several divines have thus explained the mediation of our Saviour.
+What Dr. Johnson now delivered, was but a temporary opinion; for he
+afterwards was fully convinced of the _propitiatory sacrifice_, as I
+shall shew at large in my future work, _The Life of Samuel Johnson,
+LL.D._ BOSWELL. For Dr. Kippis see _ante_, iii. 174, and for Johnson on
+the propitiatory sacrifice, iv. 124.
+
+[275] _Malachi_, iv. 2.
+
+[276] _St. Luke_, ii 32.
+
+[277] 'Healing _in_ his wings,'_Malachi_, iv. 2.
+
+[278] 'He that believeth and is baptised shall be saved; but he that
+believeth not shall be damned.' _St. Mark_, xvi. 16.
+
+[279] Mr. Langton. See _ante_, ii. 254, 265.
+
+[280] Spedding's _Bacon_, vii. 271. The poem is also given in _The
+Golden Treasury_, p. 37; where, however, 'limns _the_ water' is changed
+into 'limns _on_ water.'
+
+[281] 'Addison now returned to his vocation, and began to plan literary
+occupations for his future life. He purposed a tragedy on the death of
+Socrates... He engaged in a nobler work, a defence of the Christian
+religion, of which part was published after his death.' Johnson's
+_Works_, vii. 441, and Addison's _Works_, ed. 1856, v. 103.
+
+[282] Dr. Beattie was so kindly entertained in England, that he had not
+yet returned home. BOSWELL. Beattie was staying in London till his
+pension got settled. Early in July he had been told that he was to have
+a pension of £200 a year (_ante_, ii. 264, note 2). It was not till Aug.
+20 that it was conferred. On July 9, he, in company with Sir Joshua
+Reynolds, received the degree of D.C.L. at Oxford. On Aug. 24, he had a
+long interview with the King; 'who asked,' Beattie records, 'whether we
+had any good preachers at Aberdeen. I said "Yes," and named Campbell and
+Gerard, with whose names, however, I did not find that he was
+acquainted.' It was this same summer that Reynolds painted him in 'the
+allegorical picture representing the triumph of truth over scepticism
+and infidelity' (_post_, Oct. 1, note). Forbes's _Beattie_, ed. 1824,
+pp. 151-6, 167.
+
+[283] Dr. Johnson's burgess-ticket was in these words:--'Aberdoniae,
+vigesimo tertio die mensis Augusti, anno Domini millesimo
+septingentesimo septuagesimo tertio, in presentia honorabilium virorum,
+Jacobi Jopp, armigeri, praepositi, Adami Duff, Gulielmi Young, Georgii
+Marr, et Gulielmi Forbes, Balivorum, Gulielmi Rainie Decani guildae, et
+Joannis Nicoll Thesaurarii dicti burgi. 'Quo die vir generosus et
+doctrina clarus, Samuel Johnson, LL.D. receptus et admissus fuit in
+municipes et fratres guildae: praefati burgi de Aberdeen. In deditissimi
+amoris et affectus ac eximiae observantiae tesseram, quibus dicti
+Magistratus eum amplectuntur. Extractum per me, ALEX. CARNEGIE.'
+BOSWELL. 'I was presented with the freedom of the city, not in a gold
+box, but in good Latin. Let me pay Scotland one just praise; there was
+no officer gaping for a fee; this could have been said of no city on the
+English side of the Tweed.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 117. Baretti, in a MS.
+note on this passage, says:--'Throughout England nothing is done for
+nothing. Stop a moment to look at the rusticks mowing a field, and they
+will presently quit their work to come to you, and ask something to
+drink.' Aberdeen conferred its freedom so liberally about this time that
+it is surprising that Boswell was passed over. George Colman the
+younger, when a youth of eighteen, was sent to King's College. He says
+in his worthless _Random Records_, ii. 99:--'I had scarcely been a week
+in Old Aberdeen, when the Lord Provost of the New Town invited me to
+drink wine with him one evening in the Town Hall; there I found a
+numerous company assembled. The object of this meeting was soon declared
+to me by the Lord Provost, who drank my health, and presented me with
+the freedom of the City.' Two of his English fellow-students, of a
+little older standing, had, he said, received the same honour. His
+statement seemed to me incredible; but by the politeness of the
+Town-clerk, W. Gordon, Esq., I have found out that in the main it is
+correct. Colman, with one of the two, was admitted as an Honorary
+Burgess on Oct. 8, 1781, being described as _vir generosus_; the other
+had been admitted earlier. The population of Aberdeen and its suburbs in
+1769 was, according to Pennant, 16,000. Pennant's _Tour_, p. 117.
+
+[284] 'King's College in Aberdeen was an exact model of the University
+of Paris. Its founder, Bishop [not Archbishop] Elphinstone, had been a
+Professor at Paris and at Orleans.' Burton's _Scotland_, ed. 1873, iii.
+404. On p. 20, Dr. Burton describes him as 'the rich accomplished
+scholar and French courtier Elphinstone, munificently endowing a
+University after the model of the University of Paris.'
+
+[285] Boswell projected the following works:--1. An edition of
+_Johnson's Poems. Ante_, i. 16. 2. A work in which the merit of
+Addison's poetry shall be maintained, _ib_. p. 225. 3. A _History of
+Sweden_, ii. 156. 4. A_ Life of Thomas Ruddiman, ib._ p. 216. 5. An
+edition of Walton's_ Lives_ iii. 107. 6. A _History of the Civil War in_
+_Great Britain in_ 1745 and 1746, _ib._, p. 162.
+
+7. A _Life of Sir Robert Sibbald, ib._ p. 227. 8 An account of his own
+Travels, _ib_. p. 300. 9. A Collection, with notes, of old tenures and
+charters of Scotland, _ib_. p. 414, note 3. 10. A _History of James IV._
+11. 'A quarto volume to be embellished with fine plates, on the subject
+of the controversy (_ante_, ii. 367) occasioned by the _Beggar's
+Opera._' Murray's _Johnsoniana_, ed. 1836, p. 502.
+
+Thomas Boswell received from James IV. the estate of Auchinleck. _Ante_,
+ii. 413. See _post_, Nov. 4.
+
+[286] Mackintosh says, in his _Life_, i. 9:--'In October, 1780, I was
+admitted into the Greek class, then taught by Mr. Leslie, who did not
+aspire beyond teaching us the first rudiments of the language; more
+would, I believe, have been useless to his scholars.'
+
+[287] 'Boswell was very angry that the Aberdeen professors would not
+talk.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 118. Dr. Robertson and Dr. Blair, whom
+Boswell, five years earlier, invited to meet Johnson at supper, 'with an
+excess of prudence hardly opened their lips' (_ante_, ii. 63). At
+Glasgow the professors did not dare to talk much (_post_, Oct. 29). On
+another occasion when Johnson came in, the company 'were all as quiet as
+a school upon the entrance of the headmaster.' _Ante_, iii. 332.
+
+[288] Dr. Beattie says that this printer was Strahan. He had seen the
+letter mentioned by Gerard, and many other letters too from the Bishop
+to Strahan. 'They were,' he continues, 'very particularly acquainted.'
+He adds that 'Strahan was eminently skilled in composition, and had
+corrected (as he told me himself) the phraseology of both Mr. Hume and
+Dr. Robertson.' Forbes's _Beattie_, ed. 1824, p. 341.
+
+[289] An instance of this is given in Johnson's _Works_, viii.
+288:--'Warburton had in the early part of his life pleased himself with
+the notice of inferior wits, and corresponded with the enemies of Pope.
+A letter was produced, when he had perhaps himself forgotten it, in
+which he tells Concanen, "Dryden, I observe, borrows for want of
+leisure, and Pope for want of genius; Milton out of pride, and Addison
+out of modesty."'
+
+[290] 'Goldsmith asserted that Warburton was a weak writer. "Warburton,"
+said Johnson, "may be absurd, but he will never be weak; he flounders
+well."' Stockdale's _Memoirs_, ii. 64. See Appendix A.
+
+[291] _The Doctrine of Grace; or the Office and Operations of the Holy
+Spirit vindicated from the Insults of Infidelity and the Abuses of
+Fanaticism_, 1762.
+
+[292] _A Letter to the Bishop of Gloucester, occasioned by his Tract on
+the Office and Operations of the Holy Spirit_, by John Wesley, 1762.
+
+[293] Malone records:--'I could not find from Mr. Walpole that his
+father [Sir Robert] read any other book but Sydenham in his retirement.'
+To his admiration of Sydenham his death was attributed; for it led him
+to treat himself wrongly when he was suffering from the stone. Prior's
+_Malone_, p. 387. Johnson wrote a _Life of Sydenham_. In it he ridicules
+the notion that 'a man eminent for integrity _practised Medicine by
+chance, and grew wise only by murder_.' _Works_, vi. 409.
+
+[294] All this, as Dr. Johnson suspected at the time, was the immediate
+invention of his own lively imagination; for there is not one word of it
+in Mr. Locke's complimentary performance. My readers will, I have no
+doubt, like to be satisfied, by comparing them; and, at any rate, it may
+entertain them to read verses composed by our great metaphysician, when
+a Bachelor in Physick.
+
+AUCTORI, IN TRACTATUM EJUS DE FEBRIBUS.
+
+     Febriles aestus, victumque ardoribus orbem
+       Flevit, non tantis par Medicina malis.
+     Nam post mille artes, medicae tentamina curae,
+       Ardet adhuc Febris; nec velit arte regi.
+     Praeda sumus flammis; solum hoc speramus ab igne,
+       Ut restet paucus, quem capit urna, cinis.
+     Dum quaerit medicus febris caussamque, modumque,
+       Flammarum & tenebras, & sine luce faces;
+     Quas tractat patitur flammas, & febre calescens,
+       Corruit ipse suis victima rapta focis.
+     Qui tardos potuit morbos, artusque trementes,
+       Sistere, febrili se videt igne rapi.
+     Sic faber exesos fulsit tibicine muros;
+       Dum trahit antiquas lenta ruina domos.
+     Sed si flamma vorax miseras incenderit aedes,
+       Unica flagrantes tunc sepelire salus.
+     Fit fuga, tectonicas nemo tunc invocat artes;
+       Cum perit artificis non minus usta domus.
+     Se tandem _Sydenham_ febrisque Scholaeque furori
+       Opponens, morbi quaerit, & artis opem.
+     Non temere incusat tectae putedinis [putredinis] ignes;
+       Nec fictus, febres qui fovet, humor erit.
+     Non bilem ille movet, nulla hic pituita; Salutis
+       Quae spes, si fallax ardeat intus aqua?
+     Nec doctas magno rixas ostentat hiatu,
+       Quîs ipsis major febribus ardor inest.
+     Innocuas placide corpus jubet urere flammas,
+       Et justo rapidos temperat igne focos.
+     Quid febrim exstinguat, varius quid postulet usus,
+       Solari aegrotos, qua potes arte, docet,
+     Hactenus ipsa suum timuit Natura calorem,
+       Dum saepe incerto, quo calet, igne perit:
+     Dum reparat tacitos male provida sanguinis ignes,
+       Praslusit busto, fit calor iste rogus.
+     Jam secura suas foveant praecordia flammas,
+       Quem Natura negat, dat Medicina modum.
+     Nec solum faciles compescit sanguinis aestus,
+       Dum dubia est inter spemque metumque salus;
+     Sed fatale malum domuit, quodque astra malignum
+       Credimus, iratam vel genuisse _Stygem_.
+     Extorsit _Lachesi_ cultros, Pestique venenum
+       Abstulit, & tantos non sinit esse metus.
+     Quis tandem arte nova domitam mitescere Pestem
+       Credat, & antiquas ponere posse minas?
+     Post tot mille neces, cumulataque funera busto,
+       Victa jacet parvo vulnere dira Lues.
+     Aetheriae quanquam spargunt contagia flammae,
+       Quicquid inest istis ignibus, ignis erit.
+     Delapsae coelo flammae licet acrius urant
+       Has gelida exstingui non nisi morte putas?
+     Tu meliora paras victrix Medicina; tuusque,
+       Pestis quae superat cuncta, triumphus eris [erit].
+     Vive liber, victis febrilibus ignibus; unus
+       Te simul & mundum qui manet, ignis erit.
+
+J. LOCK, A.M. Ex. Aede Christi, Oxon. BOSWELL.
+
+[295] See _ante_, ii. 126, 298.
+
+[296] 'One of its ornaments [i.e. of
+Marischal College] is the picture of
+Arthur Johnston, who was principal
+of the college, and who holds among
+the Latin Poets of Scotland the next
+place to the elegant Buchanan.'
+Johnson's _Works_, ix. 12. Pope
+attacking Benson, who endeavoured
+to raise himself to fame by erecting
+monuments to Milton, and printing
+editions of Johnson's version of
+the _Psalms_, introduces the Scotch
+Poet in the _Dunciad_:--
+On two unequal crutches propped
+he came,
+Milton's on this, on that one Johnston's
+name.'
+_Dunciad_, bk. iv. l. III.
+Johnson wrote to Boswell for a copy
+of Johnston's _Poems_ (_ante_, iii. 104)
+and for his likeness (_ante_, March 18,
+1784).
+
+[297] 'Education is here of the same price as at St. Andrews, only the
+session is but from the 1st of November to the 1st of April' [five
+months, instead of seven]. _Piozzi Letters_, i. 116. In his _Works_ (ix.
+14) Johnson by mistake gives eight months to the St. Andrews session. On
+p. 5 he gives it rightly as seven.
+
+[298] Beattie, as an Aberdeen professor, was grieved at this saying when
+he read the book. 'Why is it recorded?' he asked. 'For no reason that I
+can imagine, unless it be in order to return evil for good.' Forbes's
+_Beattie_, ed. 1824. p. 337.
+
+[299] See _ante_, ii. 336, and iii. 209.
+
+[300] See _ante_, iii. 65, and _post_, Nov. 2.
+
+[301] See _ante_, i. 411. Johnson, no doubt, was reminded of this story
+by his desire to get this book. Later on (_ante_, iii. 104) he asked
+Boswell 'to be vigilant and get him Graham's _Telemachus_.'
+
+[302] I am sure I have related this story exactly as Dr. Johnson told it
+to me; but a friend who has often heard him tell it, informs me that he
+usually introduced a circumstance which ought not to be omitted. 'At
+last, Sir, Graham, having now got to about the pitch of looking at one
+man, and talking to another, said _Doctor_, &c.' 'What effect (Dr.
+Johnson used to add) this had on Goldsmith, who was as irascible as a
+hornet, may be easily conceived.' BOSWELL.
+
+[303] Graham was of Eton College.
+
+[304] It was to Johnson that the invitation was due. 'What I was at the
+English Church at Aberdeen I happened to be espied by Lady Dr.
+Middleton, whom I had sometime seen in London; she told what she had
+seen to Mr. Boyd, Lord Errol's brother, who wrote us an invitation to
+Lord Errol's house.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 118. Boswell, perhaps, was not
+unwilling that the reader should think that it was to him that the
+compliment was paid.
+
+[305] 'In 1745 my friend, Tom Cumming the Quaker, said he would not
+fight, but he would drive an ammunition cart.' _Ante_, April 28, 1783.
+Smollett (_History of England_, iv. 293) describes how, in 1758, the
+conquest of Senegal was due to this 'sensible Quaker,' 'this honest
+Quaker,' as he calls him, who not only conceived the project, but 'was
+concerned as a principal director and promoter of the expedition. If it
+was the first military scheme of any Quaker, let it be remembered it was
+also the first successful expedition of this war, and one of the first
+that ever was carried on according to the pacifick system of the
+Quakers, without the loss of a drop of blood on either side.' If there
+was no bloodshed, it was by good luck, for 'a regular engagement was
+warmly maintained on both sides.' It was a Quaker, then, who led the van
+in the long line of conquests which have made Chatham's name so famous.
+Mrs. Piozzi (_Anec_. p. 185) says:--'Dr. Johnson told me that Cummyns
+(sic) the famous Quaker, whose friendship he valued very highly, fell a
+sacrifice to the insults of the newspapers; having declared to him on
+his death-bed, that the pain of an anonymous letter, written in some of
+the common prints of the day, fastened on his heart, and threw him into
+the slow fever of which he died.' Mr. Seward records (_Anec_. ii.
+395):--'Mr. Cummins, the celebrated American Quaker, said of Mr. Pitt
+(Lord Chatham):--"The first time I come to Mr. Pitt upon any business I
+find him extremely ignorant; the second time I come to him, I find him
+completely informed upon it."'
+
+[306] See _ante_, i. 232.
+
+[307] See _ante_, i. 46.
+
+[308] 'From the windows the eye wanders over the sea that separates
+Scotland from Norway, and when the winds beat with violence, must enjoy
+all the terrifick grandeur of the tempestuous ocean. I would not for any
+amusement wish for a storm; but as storms, whether wished or not, will
+sometimes happen, I may say, without violation of humanity, that I
+should willingly look out upon them from Slanes Castle.' Johnson's
+_Works_, ix. 15.
+
+[309] See _ante_, p. 68.
+
+[310] Horace. _Odes_, i. 2.
+
+[311] See _ante_, ii. 428.
+
+[312] Perhaps the poverty of their host led to this talk. Sir Walter
+Scott wrote in 1814:--'Imprudence, or ill-fortune as fatal as the sands
+of Belhelvie [shifting sands that had swallowed up a whole parish], has
+swallowed up the estate of Errol, excepting this dreary mansion-house
+and a farm or two adjoining.' Lockhart's _Scott_, ed. 1839, iv. 187.
+
+[313] See _ante_, ii. 421, note 1.
+
+[314] Since the accession of George I. only one parliament had had so
+few as five sessions, and it was dissolved before its time by his death.
+One had six sessions, six seven sessions, (including the one that was
+now sitting,) and one eight. There was therefore so little dread of a
+sudden dissolution that for five years of each parliament the members
+durst contradict the populace.
+
+[315] To Miss Burney Johnson once said:--'Sir Joshua Reynolds possesses
+the largest share of inoffensiveness of any man that I know.' _Memoirs
+of Dr. Burney_, i. 343. 'Once at Mr. Thrale's, when Reynolds left the
+room, Johnson observed:--"There goes a man not to be spoiled by
+prosperity."' Northcote's _Reynolds_, i. 82. Burke wrote of him:--'He
+had a strong turn for humour, and well saw the weak sides of things. He
+enjoyed every circumstance of his good fortune, and had no affectation
+on that subject. And I do not know a fault or weakness of his that he
+did not convert into something that bordered on a virtue, instead of
+pushing it to the confines of a vice.' Taylor's _Reynolds_, ii. 638.
+
+[316] He visited Devonshire in 1762. _Ante_, i. 377.
+
+[317] Horace Walpole, describing the coronation of George III, writes:--
+'One there was ... the noblest figure I ever saw, the high-constable of
+Scotland, Lord Errol; as one saw him in a space capable of containing
+him, one admired him. At the wedding, dressed in tissue, he looked like
+one of the Giants in Guildhall, new gilt. It added to the energy of his
+person, that one considered him acting so considerable a part in that
+very Hall, where so few years ago one saw his father, Lord Kilmarnock,
+condemned to the block.' _Letters_, iii. 438. Sir William Forbes
+says:--'He often put me in mind of an ancient Hero, and I remember Dr.
+Johnson was positive that he resembled Homer's character of Sarpedon.'
+_Life of Beattie_, ed. 1824, Appendix D. Mrs. Piozzi says:--'The Earl
+dressed in his robes at the coronation and Mrs. Siddons in the character
+of Murphy's Euphrasia were the noblest specimens of the human race I
+ever saw.' _Synonymy_, i.43. He sprang from a race of rebels. 'He united
+in his person,' says Forbes, 'the four earldoms of Errol, Kilmarnock,
+Linlithgow, and Callander.' The last two were attainted in 1715, and
+Kilmarnock in 1745. _Life of Beattie_, Appendix D.
+
+[318] Lord Chesterfield, in his letters to his son [iii. 130], complains
+of one who argued in an indiscriminate manner with men of all ranks,
+Probably the noble lord had felt with some uneasiness what it was to
+encounter stronger abilities than his own. If a peer will engage at
+foils with his inferior in station, he must expect that his inferior in
+station will avail himself of every advantage; otherwise it is not a
+fair trial of strength and skill. The same will hold in a contest of
+reason, or of wit.--A certain king entered the lists of genius with
+Voltaire. The consequence was, that, though the king had great and
+brilliant talents, Voltaire had such a superiority that his majesty
+could not bear it; and the poet was dismissed, or escaped, from that
+court.--In the reign of James I. of England, Crichton, Lord Sanquhar, a
+peer of Scotland, from a vain ambition to excel a fencing-master in his
+own art, played at rapier and dagger with him. The fencing-master, whose
+fame and bread were at stake, put out one of his lordship's eyes.
+Exasperated at this, Lord Sanquhar hired ruffians, and had the
+fencing-master assassinated; for which his lordship was capitally tried,
+condemned, and hanged. Not being a peer of England, he was tried by the
+name of Robert Crichton, Esq.; but he was admitted to be a baron of
+three hundred years' standing.--See the _State Trials_; and the _History
+of England_ by Hume, who applauds the impartial justice executed upon a
+man of high rank. BOSWELL. The 'stronger abilities' that Chesterfield
+encountered were Johnson's. Boswell thought wrongly that it was of
+Johnson that his Lordship complained in his letters to his son. _Ante_,
+i. 267, note 2. 'A certain King' was Frederick the Great. _Ante_, i.
+434. The fencing-master was murdered in his own house in London, five
+years after Sanquhar (or Sanquire) had lost his eye. Bacon, who was
+Solicitor-General, said:--'Certainly the circumstance of time is heavy
+unto you; it is now five years since this unfortunate man, Turner, be it
+upon accident or despight, gave the provocation which was the seed of
+your malice.' _State Trials_, ii. 743, and Hume's _History_, ed.
+1802, vi. 61.
+
+[319] _Hamlet_, act i. sc. 2.
+
+[320] Perhaps Lord Errol was the Scotch Lord mentioned _ante_, iii. 170,
+and the nobleman mentioned _ib_. p. 329.
+
+[321] 'Pitied by gentle minds Kilmarnock died.' _Ante_. i. 180.
+
+[322] Sir Walter Scott describes the talk that he had in 1814 near
+Slains Castle with an old fisherman. 'The old man says Slains is now
+inhabited by a Mr. Bowles, who comes so far from the southward that
+naebody kens whare he comes frae. "Was he frae the Indies?" "Na; he did
+not think he came that road. He was far frae the Southland. Naebody ever
+heard the name of the place; but he had brought more guid out o'
+Peterhead than a' the Lords he had seen in Slains, and he had seen
+three."' Lockhart's _Scott_, ed. 1839, iv. 188. The first of the three
+was Johnson's host.
+
+[323] See _ante_, ii. 153, and iii. 1, note 2.
+
+[324] Smollett, in _Humphry Clinker_ (Letter of Sept. 6), writing of the
+Highlanders and their chiefs, says:--'The original attachment is
+founded on something prior to the _feudal system_, about which the
+writers of this age have made such a pother, as if it was a new
+discovery, like the _Copernican system_ ... For my part I expect to see
+the use of trunk-hose and buttered ale ascribed to the influence of the
+_feudal system_.' See _ante_, ii. 177.
+
+[325] Mme. Riccoboni wrote to Garrick on May 3, 1769:--'Vous conviendrez
+que les nobles sont peu ménagés par vos auteurs; le sot, le fat, ou le
+malhonnête homme mêlé dans l'intrigue est presque toujours un lord.'
+_Garrick Corres_, ii. 561. Dr. Moore (_View of Society in France_, i.
+29) writing in 1779 says:--'I am convinced there is no country in Europe
+where royal favour, high birth, and the military profession could be
+allowed such privileges as they have in France, and where there would be
+so few instances of their producing rough and brutal behaviour to
+inferiors.' Mrs. Piozzi, writing in 1784, though she did not publish her
+book till 1789, said:--'The French are really a contented race of
+mortals;--precluded almost from possibility of adventure, the low
+Parisian leads gentle, humble life, nor envies that greatness he never
+can obtain.' _Journey through France_, i. 13.
+
+[326] He is the worthy son of a worthy father, the late Lord Strichen,
+one of our judges, to whose kind notice I was much obliged. Lord
+Strichen was a man not only honest, but highly generous; for after his
+succession to the family estate, he paid a large sum of debts contracted
+by his predecessor, which he was not under any obligation to pay. Let me
+here, for the credit of Ayrshire, my own county, record a noble instance
+of liberal honesty in William Hutchison, drover, in Lanehead, Kyle, who
+formerly obtained a full discharge from his creditors upon a composition
+of his debts; but upon being restored to good circumstances, invited his
+creditors last winter to a dinner, without telling the reason, and paid
+them their full sums, principal and interest. They presented him with a
+piece of plate, with an inscription to commemorate this extraordinary
+instance of true worth; which should make some people in Scotland blush,
+while, though mean themselves, they strut about under the protection of
+great alliance, conscious of the wretchedness of numbers who have lost
+by them, to whom they never think of making reparation, but indulge
+themselves and their families in most unsuitable expence. BOSWELL.
+
+[327] See _ante_, ii. 194; iii. 353; and iv. June 30, 1784.
+
+[328] Malone says that 'Lord Auchinleck told his son one day that it
+would cost him more trouble to hide his ignorance in the Scotch and
+English law than to show his knowledge. This Mr. Boswell owned he had
+found to be true.' _European Magazine_, 1798, p. 376.
+
+[329] See _ante_, iv. 8, note 3, and iv. 20.
+
+[330] Colman had translated _Terence. Ante_, iv. 18.
+
+[331] Dr. Nugent was Burke's father-in-law. _Ante_, i. 477.
+
+[332] Lord Charlemont left behind him a _History of Italian Poetry_.
+Hardy's _Charlemont_, i. 306, ii. 437.
+
+[333] See _ante_, i. 250, and ii. 378, note 1.
+
+[334] Since the first edition, it has been suggested by one of the club,
+who knew Mr. Vesey better than Dr. Johnson and I, that we did not assign
+him a proper place; for he was quite unskilled in Irish antiquities and
+Celtick learning, but might with propriety have been made professor of
+architecture, which he understood well, and has left a very good
+specimen of his knowledge and taste in that art, by an elegant house
+built on a plan of his own formation, at Lucan, a few miles from Dublin.
+BOSWELL. See _ante_, iv. 28.
+
+[335] Sir William Jones, who died at the age of forty-seven, had
+'studied eight languages critically, eight less perfectly, but all
+intelligible with a dictionary, and twelve least perfectly, but all
+attainable.' Teignmouth's _Life of Sir W. Jones_, ed. 1815, p. 465. See
+_ante_, iv. 69.
+
+[336] See _ante_, i. 478.
+
+[337] See _ante_, p. 16.
+
+[338] Mackintosh in his _Life_, ii. 171, says:--'From the refinements of
+abstruse speculation Johnson was withheld, partly perhaps by that
+repugnance to such subtleties which much experience often inspires, and
+partly also by a secret dread that they might disturb those prejudices
+in which his mind had found repose from the agitations of doubt.'
+
+[339] See _ante_, iv. 11, note 1.
+
+[340] Our Club, originally at the Turk's Head, Gerrard-street, then at
+Prince's, Sackville-street, now at Baxter's, Dover-street, which at Mr.
+Garrick's funeral acquired a _name_ for the first time, and was called
+THE LITERARY CLUB, was instituted in 1764, and now consists of
+thirty-five members. It has, since 1773, been greatly augmented; and
+though Dr. Johnson with justice observed, that, by losing Goldsmith,
+Garrick, Nugent, Chamier, Beauclerk, we had lost what would make an
+eminent club, yet when I mentioned, as an accession, Mr. Fox, Dr. George
+Fordyce, Sir Charles Bunbury, Lord Ossory, Mr. Gibbon, Dr. Adam Smith,
+Mr. R.B. Sheridan, the Bishops of Kilaloe and St. Asaph, Dean Marley,
+Mr. Steevens, Mr. Dunning, Sir Joseph Banks, Dr. Scott of the Commons,
+Earl Spencer, Mr. Windham of Norfolk, Lord Elliott, Mr. Malone, Dr.
+Joseph Warton, the Rev. Thomas Warton, Lord Lucan, Mr. Burke junior,
+Lord Palmerston, Dr. Burney, Sir William Hamilton, and Dr. Warren, it
+will be acknowledged that we might establish a second university of high
+reputation. BOSWELL. Mr. (afterwards Sir) William Jones wrote in 1780
+(_Life_, p. 241):--'Of our club I will only say that there is no branch
+of human knowledge on which some of our members are not capable of
+giving information.'
+
+[341] Here, unluckily, the windows had no pullies; and Dr. Johnson, who
+was constantly eager for fresh air, had much struggling to get one of
+them kept open. Thus he had a notion impressed upon him, that this
+wretched defect was general in Scotland; in consequence of which he has
+erroneously enlarged upon it in his _Journey_. I regretted that he did
+not allow me to read over his book before it was printed. I should have
+changed very little; but I should have suggested an alteration in a few
+places where he has laid himself open to be attacked. I hope I should
+have prevailed with him to omit or soften his assertion, that 'a
+Scotsman must be a sturdy moralist, who does not prefer Scotland to
+truth,' for I really think it is not founded; and it is harshly said.
+BOSWELL. Johnson, after a half-apology for 'these diminutive
+observations' on Scotch windows and fresh air, continues:--'The true
+state of every nation is the state of common life.' _Works_, ix. 18.
+Boswell a second time (_ante_, ii. 311) returns to Johnson's assertion
+that 'a Scotchman must be a very sturdy moralist who does not love
+Scotland better than truth; he will always love it better than inquiry.'
+_Works_, ix. 116.
+
+[342] See _ante_, p. 40.
+
+[343] A protest may be entered on the part of most Scotsmen against the
+Doctor's taste in this particular. A Finnon haddock dried over the smoke
+of the sea-weed, and sprinkled with salt water during the process,
+acquires a relish of a very peculiar and delicate flavour, inimitable on
+any other coast than that of Aberdeenshire. Some of our Edinburgh
+philosophers tried to produce their equal in vain. I was one of a party
+at a dinner, where the philosophical haddocks were placed in competition
+with the genuine Finnon-fish. These were served round without
+distinction whence they came; but only one gentleman, out of twelve
+present, espoused the cause of philosophy. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[344] It is the custom in Scotland for the judges of the Court of
+Session to have the title of _lords_, from their estates; thus Mr.
+Burnett is Lord _Monboddo_, as Mr. Home was Lord _Kames_. There is
+something a little awkward in this; for they are denominated in deeds by
+their _names_, with the addition of 'one of the Senators of the College
+of Justice;' and subscribe their Christian and surnames, as _James
+Burnett_, _Henry Home_, even in judicial acts. BOSWELL. See _ante_, p.
+77, note 4.
+
+[345] See _ante_, ii. 344, where Johnson says:--'A judge may be a
+farmer, but he is not to geld his own pigs.'
+
+[346]
+
+     'Not to admire is all the art I know
+      To make men happy and to keep them so.'
+
+Pope, _Imitations of Horace_, Epistles, i. vi. 1.
+
+[347] See _ante_, i. 461.
+
+[348] See _ante_, iv. 152.
+
+[349] See _ante_, iii. 322.
+
+[350] In the _Gent. Mag._ for 1755, p. 42, among the deaths is entered
+'Sir James Lowther, Bart., reckoned the richest commoner in Great
+Britain, and worth above a million.' According to Lord Shelburne, Lord
+Sunderland, who had been advised 'to nominate Lowther one of his
+Treasury on account of his great property,' appointed him to call on
+him. After waiting for some time he rang to ask whether he had come,
+'The servants answered that nobody had called; upon his repeating the
+inquiry they said that there was an old man, somewhat wet, sitting by
+the fireside in the hall, who they supposed had some petition to deliver
+to his lordship. When he went out it proved to be Sir James Lowther.
+Lord Sunderland desired him to be sent about his business, saying that
+no such mean fellow should sit at his Treasury.' Fitzmaurice's
+_Shelburne_, i. 34.
+
+[351] I do not know what was at this time the state of the parliamentary
+interest of the ancient family of Lowther; a family before the Conquest;
+but all the nation knows it to be very extensive at present. A due
+mixture of severity and kindness, oeconomy and munificence,
+characterises its present Representative. BOSWELL. Boswell, most
+unhappily not clearly seeing where his own genius lay, too often sought
+to obtain fame and position by the favour of some great man. For some
+years he courted in a very gross manner 'the present Representative,'
+the first Earl of Lonsdale, who treated him with great brutality.
+_Letters of Boswell_, pp. 271, 294, 324, and _ante_, iv. May 15, 1783.
+In the _Ann. Reg._ 1771, p. 56, it is shewn how by this bad man 'the
+whole county of Cumberland was thrown into a state of the greatest
+terror and confusion; four hundred ejectments were served in one day.'
+Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto._ p. 418) says that 'he was more detested than any
+man alive, as a shameless political sharper, a domestic bashaw, and an
+intolerable tyrant over his tenants and dependants.' Lord Albemarle
+(_Memoirs of Rockingham,_ ii. 70) describes the 'bad Lord Lonsdale. He
+exacted a serf-like submission from his poor and abject dependants. He
+professed a thorough contempt for modern refinements. Grass grew in the
+neglected approaches to his mansion.... Awe and silence pervaded the
+inhabitants [of Penrith] when the gloomy despot traversed their streets.
+He might have been taken for a Judge Jefferies about to open a royal
+commission to try them as state criminals... In some years of his life
+he resisted the payment of all bills.' Among his creditors was
+Wordsworth's father, 'who died leaving the poet and four other helpless
+children. The executors of the will, foreseeing the result of a legal
+contest with _a millionaire,_ withdrew opposition, trusting to Lord
+Lonsdale's sense of justice for payment. They leaned on a broken reed,
+the wealthy debtor "Died and made no sign."' [2 _Henry VI,_ act iii. sc.
+3.] See De Quincey's _Works,_ iii. 151.
+
+[352] 'Let us not,' he says, 'make too much haste to despise our
+neighbours. Our own cathedrals are mouldering by unregarded
+dilapidation. It seems to be part of the despicable philosophy of the
+time to despise monuments of sacred magnificence.' _Works_, ix. 20.
+
+[353] Note by Lord _Hailes_. 'The cathedral of Elgin was burnt by the
+Lord of Badenoch, because the Bishop of Moray had pronounced an award
+not to his liking. The indemnification that the see obtained was, that
+the Lord of Badenoch stood for three days bare-footed at the great gate
+of the cathedral. The story is in the Chartulary of Elgin.' BOSWELL. The
+cathedral was rebuilt in 1407-20, but the lead was stripped from the
+roof by the Regent Murray, and the building went to ruin. Murray's
+_Handbook_, ed. 1867, p. 303. 'There is,' writes Johnson (_Works_, ix.
+20), 'still extant in the books of the council an order ... directing
+that the lead, which covers the two cathedrals of Elgin and Aberdeen,
+shall be taken away, and converted into money for the support of the
+army.... The two churches were stripped, and the lead was shipped to be
+sold in Holland. I hope every reader will rejoice that this cargo of
+sacrilege was lost at sea.' On this Horace Walpole remarks (_Letters_,
+vii. 484):--'I confess I have not quite so heinous an idea of sacrilege
+as Dr. Johnson. Of all kinds of robbery, that appears to me the lightest
+species which injures nobody. Dr. Johnson is so pious that in his
+journey to your country he flatters himself that all his readers will
+join him in enjoying the destruction of two Dutch crews, who were
+swallowed up by the ocean after they had robbed a church.'
+
+[354] I am not sure whether the Duke was at home. But, not having the
+honour of being much known to his grace, I could not have presumed to
+enter his castle, though to introduce even so celebrated a stranger. We
+were at any rate in a hurry to get forward to the wildness which we came
+to see. Perhaps, if this noble family had still preserved that
+sequestered magnificence which they maintained when catholicks,
+corresponding with the Grand Duke of Tuscany, we might have been induced
+to have procured proper letters of introduction, and devoted some time
+to the contemplation of venerable superstitious state. BOSWELL. Burnet
+(_History of his own Times_, ii. 443, and iii. 23) mentions the Duke of
+Gordon, a papist, as holding Edinburgh Castle for James II. in 1689.
+
+[355] 'In the way, we saw for the first time some houses with
+fruit-trees about them. The improvements of the Scotch are for immediate
+profit; they do not yet think it quite worth their while to plant what
+will not produce something to be eaten or sold in a very little time.'
+_Piozzi Letters_, i. 121.
+
+[356] 'This was the first time, and except one the last, that I found
+any reason to complain of a Scottish table.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 19.
+
+[357] The following year Johnson told Hannah More that 'when he and
+Boswell stopt a night at the spot (as they imagined) where the Weird
+Sisters appeared to Macbeth, the idea so worked upon their enthusiasm,
+that it quite deprived them of rest. However they learnt the next
+morning, to their mortification, that they had been deceived, and were
+quite in another part of the country' H. More's _Memoirs_, i. 50.
+
+[358] See _ante_, p. 76.
+
+[359] Murphy (_Life_, p. 145) says that 'his manner of reciting verses
+was wonderfully impressive.' According to Mrs. Piozzi (_Anec_. p. 302),
+'whoever once heard him repeat an ode of Horace would be long before
+they could endure to hear it repeated by another.'
+
+[360] Then pronounced _Affléck_, though now often pronounced as it is
+written. Ante, ii. 413.
+
+[361] At this stage of his journey Johnson recorded:--'There are more
+beggars than I have ever seen in England; they beg, if not silently, yet
+very modestly.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 122. See ante, p. 75, note 1.
+
+[362] Duncan's monument; a huge column on the roadside near Fores, more
+than twenty feet high, erected in commemoration of the final retreat of
+the Danes from Scotland, and properly called Swene's Stone.
+WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[363] Swift wrote to Pope on May 31, 1737:--'Pray who is that Mr.
+Glover, who writ the epick poem called _Leonidas_, which is reprinting
+here, and has great vogue?' Swift's _Works_ (1803), xx. 121. 'It passed
+through four editions in the first year of its publication (1737-8).'
+Lowndes's _Bibl. Man_. p. 902. Horace Walpole, in 1742, mentions
+_Leonidas_ Glover (_Letters_, i. 117); and in 1785 Hannah More writes
+(_Memoirs_, i. 405):--'I was much amused with hearing old Leonidas
+Glover sing his own fine ballad of _Hosier's Ghost_, which was very
+affecting. He is past eighty [he was seventy-three]. Mr. Walpole coming
+in just afterwards, I told him how highly I had been pleased. He begged
+me to entreat for a repetition of it. It was the satire conveyed in this
+little ballad upon the conduct of Sir Robert Walpole's ministry which is
+thought to have been a remote cause of his resignation. It was a very
+curious circumstance to see his son listening to the recital of it with
+so much complacency.'
+
+[364] See ante, i. 125.
+
+[365] See _ante_, i. 456, and _post_, Sept. 22.
+
+[366] See _ante_, ii. 82, and _post_, Oct. 27.
+
+[367] 'Nairne is the boundary in this direction between the highlands
+and lowlands; and until within a few years both English and Gaelic were
+spoken here. One of James VI.'s witticisms was to boast that in Scotland
+he had a town "sae lang that the folk at the tae end couldna understand
+the tongue spoken at the tother."' Murray's _Handbook for Scotland_, ed.
+1867, p. 308. 'Here,' writes Johnson (_Works_, ix. 21), 'I first saw
+peat fires, and first heard the Erse language.' As he heard the girl
+singing Erse, so Wordsworth thirty years later heard The
+Solitary Reaper:--
+
+'Yon solitary Highland Lass
+Reaping and singing by herself.'
+
+[368]
+
+     'Verse softens toil, however rude the sound;
+     She feels no biting pang the while she sings;
+     Nor, as she turns the giddy wheel around,
+     Revolves the sad vicissitude of things.'
+
+_Contemplation._ London: Printed for R. Dodsley in Pall-mall, and sold
+by M. Cooper, at the Globe in Paternoster-Row, 1753.
+
+The author's name is not on the title-page. In the _Brit. Mus. Cata._
+the poem is entered under its title. Mr. Nichols (_Lit. Illus._ v. 183)
+says that the author was the Rev. Richard Gifford [not Giffard] of
+Balliol College, Oxford. He adds that 'Mr. Gifford mentioned to him with
+much satisfaction the fact that Johnson quoted the poem in his
+_Dictionary_.' It was there very likely that Boswell had seen the lines.
+They are quoted under _wheel_ (with changes made perhaps intentionally
+by Johnson), as follows:
+
+     'Verse sweetens care however rude the sound;
+      All at her work the village maiden sings;
+      Nor, as she turns the giddy wheel around,
+      Revolves the sad vicissitudes of things.'
+
+_Contemplation_, which was published two years after Gray's _Elegy_, was
+suggested by it. The rising, not the parting day, is described. The
+following verse precedes the one quoted by Johnson:--
+
+     'Ev'n from the straw-roofed cot the note of joy
+      Flows full and frequent, as the village-fair,
+      Whose little wants the busy hour employ,
+      Chanting some rural ditty soothes her care.'
+
+Bacon, in his _Essay Of Vicissitude of Things_ (No. 58), says:--'It is
+not good to look too long upon these turning _wheels of vicissitude_
+lest we become _giddy_' This may have suggested Gifford's last two
+lines. _Reflections on a Grave, &c._ (_ante_, ii. 26), published in
+1766, and perhaps written in part by Johnson, has a line borrowed from
+this poem:--
+
+     'These all the hapless state of mortals show
+      The sad vicissitude of things below.'
+
+Cowper, _Table-Talk_, ed. 1786, i. 165, writes of
+
+     'The sweet vicissitudes of day and night.'
+
+The following elegant version of these lines by Mr. A. T. Barton, Fellow
+and Tutor of Johnson's own College, will please the classical reader:--
+
+     Musa levat duros, quamvis rudis ore, labores;
+     Inter opus cantat rustica Pyrrha suum;
+     Nec meminit, secura rotam dum versat euntem,
+     Non aliter nostris sortibus ire vices.
+
+
+[369] He was the brother of the Rev. John M'Aulay (_post_, Oct. 25), the
+grandfather of Lord Macaulay.
+
+[370] See _ante_, ii. 51.
+
+[371] In Scotland, there is a great deal of preparation before
+administering the sacrament. The minister of the parish examines the
+people as to their fitness, and to those of whom he approves gives
+little pieces of tin, stamped with the name of the parish as _tokens_,
+which they must produce before receiving it. This is a species of
+priestly power, and sometimes may be abused. I remember a lawsuit
+brought by a person against his parish minister, for refusing him
+admission to that sacred ordinance. BOSWELL.
+
+[372] See _ post_, Sept. 13 and 28.
+
+[373] Mr. Trevelyan (_Life of Macaulay_, ed.1877, i. 6) says: 'Johnson
+pronounced that Mr. Macaulay was not competent to have written the book
+that went by his name; a decision which, to those who happen to have
+read the work, will give a very poor notion my ancestor's abilities.'
+
+[374]
+
+     'The thane of Cawdor lives, A prosperous gentleman.'
+
+_Macbeth_, act i. sc. 3.
+
+[375] According to Murray's _Handbook,_ ed. 1867, p. 308, no part of the
+castle is older than the fifteenth century.
+
+[376] See _post_, Nov. 5.
+
+[377] The historian. _Ante_, p. 41.
+
+[378] See _ante_, iii. 336, and _post_, Nov. 7.
+
+[379] See _post_, Oct. 27.
+
+[380] Baretti was the Italian. Boswell disliked him (_ante_, ii. 98
+note), and perhaps therefore described him merely as 'a man of _some_
+literature.' Baretti complained to Malone that 'the story as told gave
+an unfair representation of him.' He had, he said, 'observed to Johnson
+that the petition _lead us not into temptation_ ought rather to be
+addressed to the tempter of mankind than a benevolent Creator. "Pray,
+Sir," said Johnson, "do you know who was the author of the Lord's
+Prayer?" Baretti, who did not wish to get into any serious dispute and
+who appears to be an Infidel, by way of putting an end to the
+conversation, only replied:--"Oh, Sir, you know by _our_ religion (Roman
+Catholic) we are not permitted to read the Scriptures. You can't
+therefore expect an answer."' Prior's _Malone_, p. 399. Sir Joshua
+Reynolds, on hearing this from Malone, said:--'This turn which Baretti
+now gives to the matter was an after-thought; for he once said to me
+myself:--"There are various opinions about the writer of that prayer;
+some give it to St. Augustine, some to St. Chrysostom, &c. What is your
+opinion? "' _Ib_. p. 394. Mrs. Piozzi says that she heard 'Baretti tell
+a clergyman the story of Dives and Lazarus as the subject of a poem he
+once had composed in the Milanese district, expecting great credit for
+his powers of invention.' Hayward's _Piozzi_, ii. 348.
+
+[381] Goldsmith (_Present Slate of Polite Learning_, chap. 13) thus
+wrote of servitorships: 'Surely pride itself has dictated to the fellows
+of our colleges the absurd passion of being attended at meals, and on
+other public occasions, by those poor men who, willing to be scholars,
+come in upon some charitable foundation. It implies a contradiction for
+men to be at once learning the _liberal_ arts, and at the same time
+treated as _slaves_; at once studying freedom and practising servitude.'
+Yet a young man like Whitefield was willing enough to be a servitor. He
+had been a waiter in his mother's inn; he was now a waiter in a college,
+but a student also. See my _Dr. Johnson: His Friends and his
+Critics_, p. 27.
+
+[382] Dr. Johnson did not neglect what he had undertaken. By his
+interest with the Rev. Dr. Adams, master of Pembroke College, Oxford,
+where he was educated for some time, he obtained a servitorship for
+young M'Aulay. But it seems he had other views; and I believe went
+abroad. BOSWELL. See _ante_, ii. 380.
+
+[383] 'I once drank tea,' writes Lamb, 'in company with two Methodist
+divines of different persuasions. Before the first cup was handed round,
+one of these reverend gentlemen put it to the other, with all due
+solemnity, whether he chose to _say anything_. It seems it is the custom
+with some sectaries to put up a short prayer before this meal also. His
+reverend brother did not at first quite apprehend him, but upon an
+explanation, with little less importance he made answer that it was not
+a custom known in his church.' _Essay on Grace before Meat_.
+
+[384] He could not bear to have it thought that, in any instance
+whatever, the Scots are more pious than the English. I think grace as
+proper at breakfast as at any other meal. It is the pleasantest meal we
+have. Dr. Johnson has allowed the peculiar merit of breakfast in
+Scotland. BOSWELL. 'If an epicure could remove by a wish in quest of
+sensual gratification, wherever he had supped he would breakfast in
+Scotland.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 52.
+
+[385] Bruce, the Abyssinian Traveller, found in the annals of that
+region a king named _Brus_, which he chooses to consider the genuine
+orthography of the name. This circumstance occasioned some mirth at the
+court of Gondar. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[386] See _ante_, ii. 169, note 2, and _post_, Sept. 2. Johnson, so far
+as I have observed, spelt the name _Boswel_.
+
+[387] Sir Eyre Coote was born in 1726. He took part in the battle of
+Plassey in 1757, and commanded at the reduction of Pondicherry in 1761.
+In 1770-71 he went by land to Europe. In 1780 he took command of the
+English army against Hyder Ali, whom he repeatedly defeated. He died in
+1783. Chalmers's _Biog. Dict_. x. 236. There is a fine description of
+him in Macaulay's _Essays_, ed. 1843, iii. 385.
+
+[388] See _ante_, iii. 361.
+
+[389] Reynolds wrote of Johnson:--'He sometimes, it must be confessed,
+covered his ignorance by generals rather than appear ignorant' Taylor's
+_Reynolds_, ii. 457.
+
+[390] 'The barracks are very handsome, and form several regular and good
+streets.' Pennant's _Tour_, p. 144.
+
+[391] See _ante_, p. 45.
+
+[392] Here Dr. Johnson gave us part of a conversation held between a
+Great Personage and him, in the library at the Queen's Palace, in the
+course of which this contest was considered. I have been at great pains
+to get that conversation as perfectly preserved as possible. It may
+perhaps at some future time be given to the publick. BOSWELL. For 'a
+Great Personage' see _ante_, i. 219; and for the conversation, ii. 33.
+
+[393] See _ante_, ii. 73, 228, 248; iii. 4 and June 15, 1784.
+
+[394] See _ante_, i. 167, note 1.
+
+[395] Booth acted _Cato_, and Wilks Juba when Addison's _Cato_ was
+brought out. Pope told Spence that 'Lord Bolingbroke's carrying his
+friends to the house, and presenting Booth with a purse of guineas for
+so well representing the character of a person "who rather chose to die
+than see a general for life," carried the success of the play much
+beyond what they ever expected.' Spence's _Anec_. p. 46. Bolingbroke
+alluded to the Duke of Marlborough. Pope in his _Imitations of Horace_,
+2 Epist. i. 123 introduces 'well-mouth'd Booth.'
+
+[396] See _ante_, iii. 35, and under Sept. 30, 1783.
+
+[397] 'Garrick used to tell, that Johnson said of an actor who played
+Sir Harry Wildair at Lichfield, "There is a courtly vivacity about the
+fellow;" when, in fact, according to Garrick's account, "he was the most
+vulgar ruffian that ever went upon _boards_."' _Ante_, ii. 465.
+
+[398] Mrs. Cibber was the sister of Dr. Arne the musical composer, and
+the wife of Theophilus Cibber, Colley Cibber's son. She died in 1766,
+and was buried in the cloisters of Westminster Abbey. Baker's _Biog.
+Dram._ i. 123.
+
+[399] See _ante_, under Sept. 30, 1783.
+
+[400] See _ante_, i. 197, and ii. 348.
+
+[401] Johnson had set him to repeat the ninth commandment, and had with
+great glee put him right in the emphasis. _Ante_, i. 168.
+
+[402] Act iii. sc. 2.
+
+[403] Boswell's suggestion is explained by the following passage in
+Johnson's _Works_, viii. 463:--'Mallet was by his original one of the
+Macgregors, a clan that became about sixty years ago, under the conduct
+of Robin Roy, so formidable and so infamous for violence and robbery,
+that the name was annulled by a legal abolition.'
+
+[404] See _ante_, iii. 410, where he said to an Irish gentleman:--'Do
+not make an union with us, Sir. We should unite with you, only to rob
+you. We should have robbed the Scotch, if they had had anything of which
+we could have robbed them.'
+
+[405] It is remarkable that Dr. Johnson read this gentle remonstrance,
+and took no notice of it to me. BOSWELL. See _post_, Oct. 12, note.
+
+[406] _St. Matthew_, v. 44.
+
+[407] It is odd that Boswell did not suspect the parson, who, no doubt,
+had learnt the evening before from Mr. Keith that the two travellers
+would be present at his sermon. Northcote (_Life of Reynolds_, ii. 283)
+says that one day at Sir Joshua's dinner-table, when his host praised
+Malone very highly for his laborious edition of _Shakespeare_, he
+(Northcote) 'rather hastily replied, "What a very despicable creature
+must that man be who thus devotes himself, and makes another man his
+god;" when Boswell, who sat at my elbow, and was not in my thoughts at
+the time, cried out "Oh! Sir Joshua, then that is me!"'
+
+[408] Johnson (_Works_, ix. 23) more cautiously says:--'Here is a
+castle, called the castle of Macbeth.'
+
+[409] 'This short dialogue between Duncan and Banquo, whilst they are
+approaching the gates of Macbeth's castle, has always appeared to me a
+striking instance of what in painting is termed _repose_. Their
+conversation very naturally turns upon the beauty of its situation, and
+the pleasantness of the air; and Banquo, observing the martlet's nests
+in every recess of the cornice, remarks that where those birds most
+breed and haunt the air is delicate. The subject of this quiet and easy
+conversation gives that repose so necessary to the mind after the
+tumultuous bustle of the preceding scenes, and perfectly contrasts the
+scene of horror that immediately succeeds. It seems as if Shakespeare
+asked himself, what is a prince likely to say to his attendants on such
+an occasion? whereas the modern writers seem, on the contrary, to be
+always searching for new thoughts, such as would never occur to men in
+the situation which is represented. This also is frequently the practice
+of Homer, who from the midst of battles and horrors relieves and
+refreshes the mind of the reader by introducing some quiet rural image,
+or picture of familiar domestick life.' Johnson's _Shakespeare_.
+Northcote (_Life of Reynolds_, i. 144-151) quotes other notes
+by Reynolds.
+
+[410] In the original _senses_. Act i, sc. 6.
+
+[411] Act i. sc. 5.
+
+[412] Boswell forgets _scoundrelism_, _ante_, p. 106, which, I suppose,
+Johnson coined.
+
+[413] See _ante_, ii. 154, note 3. Peter Paragraph is one of the
+characters in Foote's Comedy of _The Orators_.
+
+[414] When upon the subject of this _peregrinity_, he told me some
+particulars concerning the compilation of his _Dictionary_, and
+concerning his throwing off Lord Chesterfield's patronage, of which very
+erroneous accounts have been circulated. These particulars, with others
+which he afterwards gave me,--as also his celebrated letter to Lord
+Chesterfield, which he dictated to me,--I reserve for his _Life._
+BOSWELL. See _ante,_ i. 221, 261.
+
+[415] See _ante,_ ii. 326, 371, and v. 18.
+
+[416] It is the third edition, published in 1778, that first bears this
+title. The first edition was published in 1761, and the second in 1762.
+
+[417] 'One of them was a man of great liveliness and activity, of whom
+his companion said that he would tire any horse in Inverness. Both of
+them were civil and ready-handed Civility seems part of the national
+character of Highlanders.' _Works,_ ix. 25.
+
+[418] 'The way was very pleasant; the rock out of which the road was cut
+was covered with birch trees, fern, and heath. The lake below was
+beating its bank by a gentle wind.... In one part of the way we had
+trees on both sides for perhaps half a mile. Such a length of shade,
+perhaps, Scotland cannot shew in any other place.' _Piozzi Letters_, i.
+123. The travellers must have passed close by the cottage where James
+Mackintosh was living, a child of seven.
+
+[419] Boswell refers, I think, to a passage in act iv. sc. I of
+Farquhar's Comedy, where Archer says to Mrs. Sullen:--'I can't at this
+distance, Madam, distinguish the figures of the embroidery.' This
+passage is copied by Goldsmith in _She Stoops to Conquer_, act iii.,
+where Marlow says to Miss Hardcastle: 'Odso! then you must shew me your
+embroidery.'
+
+[420] Johnson (_Works_, ix. 28) gives a long account of this woman.
+'Meal she considered as expensive food, and told us that in spring, when
+the goats gave milk, the children could live without it.'
+
+[421] It is very odd, that when these roads were made, there was no care
+taken for _Inns_. The _King's House_, and the _General's Hut_, are
+miserable places; but the project and plans were purely military. WALTER
+SCOTT. Johnson found good entertainment here, 'We had eggs and bacon and
+mutton, with wine, rum, and whisky. I had water.' _Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 124.
+
+[422] 'Mr. Boswell, who between his father's merit and his own is sure
+of reception wherever he comes, sent a servant before,' &c. Johnson's
+_Works_, ix. 30.
+
+[423] On April 6, 1777, Johnson noted down: 'I passed the night in such
+sweet uninterrupted sleep as I have not known since I slept at Fort
+Augustus.' _Pr. and Med._ p.159. On Nov. 21, 1778, he wrote to Boswell:
+'The best night that I have had these twenty years was at Fort
+Augustus.' _Ante_, iii. 369.
+
+[424] See _ante_, iii. 246.
+
+[425] A McQueen is a Highland mode of expression. An Englishman would
+say _one_ McQueen. But where there are _clans_ or _tribes_ of men,
+distinguished by _patronymick_ surnames, the individuals of each are
+considered as if they were of different species, at least as much as
+nations are distinguished; so that a _McQueen_, a _McDonald_, a
+_McLean_, is said, as we say a Frenchman, an Italian, a Spaniard.
+BOSWELL.
+
+[426] 'I praised the propriety of his language, and was answered that I
+need not wonder, for he had learnt it by grammar. By subsequent
+opportunities of observation I found that my host's diction had nothing
+peculiar. Those Highlanders that can speak English commonly speak it
+well, with few of the words and little of the tone by which a Scotchman
+is distinguished ... By their Lowland neighbours they would not
+willingly be taught; for they have long considered them as a mean and
+degenerate race.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 31. He wrote to Mrs. Thrale:
+'This man's conversation we were glad of while we staid. He had been
+out, as they call it, in forty-five, and still retained his old
+opinions.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 130.
+
+[427] By the Chevalier Ramsay.
+
+[428] 'From him we first heard of the general dissatisfaction which is
+now driving the Highlanders into the other hemisphere; and when I asked
+him whether they would stay at home if they were well treated, he
+answered with indignation that no man willingly left his native country.
+Johnson's _Works_, ix. 33. See _ante_, p. 27.
+
+[429] 'The chief glory of every people arises from its authors.' _Ib._
+v. 49.
+
+[430] Four years later, three years after Goldsmith's death, Johnson
+'observed in Lord Scarsdale's dressing-room Goldsmith's _Animated
+Nature_; and said, "Here's our friend. The poor doctor would have been
+happy to hear of this."' _Ante_, iii.162.
+
+[431] See _ante_, i. 348 and ii. 438 and _post_, Sept. 23. Mackintosh
+says: 'Johnson's idea that a ship was a prison with the danger of
+drowning is taken from Endymion Porter's _Consolation to Howell_ on his
+imprisonment in the _Fleet_, and was originally suggested by the pun.'
+_Life of Mackintosh_, ii. 83. The passage to which he refers is found in
+Howell's letter of Jan. 2, 1646 (book ii. letter 39), in which he writes
+to Porter:--'You go on to prefer my captivity in this _Fleet_ to that of
+a voyager at sea, in regard that he is subject to storms and springing
+of leaks, to pirates and picaroons, with other casualties.'
+
+[432] See _ante_, iii. 242.
+
+[433] This book has given rise to much enquiry, which has ended in
+ludicrous surprise. Several ladies, wishing to learn the kind of reading
+which the great and good Dr. Johnson esteemed most fit for a young
+woman, desired to know what book he had selected for this Highland
+nymph. 'They never adverted (said he) that I had no _choice_ in the
+matter. I have said that I presented her with a book which I _happened_
+to have about me.' And what was this book? My readers, prepare your
+features for merriment. It was _Cocker's Arithmetick_!--Wherever this
+was mentioned, there was a loud laugh, at which Johnson, when present,
+used sometimes to be a little angry. One day, when we were dining at
+General Oglethorpe's, where we had many a valuable day, I ventured to
+interrogate him. 'But, Sir, is it not somewhat singular that you should
+_happen_ to have _Cocker's Arithmetick_ about you on your journey? What
+made you buy such a book at Inverness?' He gave me a very sufficient
+answer. 'Why, Sir, if you are to have but one book with you upon a
+journey, let it be a book of science. When you have read through a book
+of entertainment, you know it, and it can do no more for you; but a book
+of science is inexhaustible.' BOSWELL.
+
+Johnson thus mentions his gift: 'I presented her with a book which I
+happened to have about me, and should not be pleased to think that she
+forgets me.' _Works_, ix. 32. The first edition of _Cocker's Arithmetic_
+was published about 1660. _Brit. Mus. Cata._ Though Johnson says that 'a
+book of science is inexhaustible,' yet in _The Rambler_, No. 154, he
+asserts that 'the principles of arithmetick and geometry may be
+comprehended by a close attention in a few days.' Mrs. Piozzi says
+(_Anec_. p. 77) that 'when Mr. Johnson felt his fancy disordered, his
+constant recurrence was to arithmetic; and one day that he was confined
+to his chamber, and I enquired what he had been doing to divert himself,
+he shewed me a calculation which I could scarce be made to understand,
+so vast was the plan of it; no other indeed than that the national debt,
+computing it at £180,000,000, would, if converted into silver, serve to
+make a meridian of that metal, I forget how broad, for the globe of the
+whole earth.' See _ante_, iii. 207, and iv. 171, note 3.
+
+[434] Swift's _Works_ (1803), xxiv. 63.
+
+[435] 'We told the soldiers how kindly we had been treated at the
+garrison, and, as we were enjoying the benefit of their labours, begged
+leave to shew our gratitude by a small present.... They had the true
+military impatience of coin in their pockets, and had marched at least
+six miles to find the first place where liquor could be bought. Having
+never been before in a place so wild and unfrequented I was glad of
+their arrival, because I knew that we had made them friends; and to gain
+still more of their goodwill we went to them, where they were carousing
+in the barn, and added something to our former gift.' _Works_, ix. 31-2.
+
+[436]
+
+     'Why rather sleep, liest thou in smoky cribs,
+      Upon uneasy pallets stretching thee.' &c.
+
+          2 _Henry IV._ act iii. sc. 1.
+
+
+
+[437] Spain, in 1719, sent a strong force under the Duke of Ormond to
+Scotland in behalf of the Chevalier. Owing to storms only a few hundred
+men landed. These were joined by a large body of Highlanders, but being
+attacked by General Wightman, the clansmen dispersed and the Spaniards
+surrendered. Smollett's _England_, ed. 1800, ii. 382.
+
+[438] Boswell mentions this _ante_, i. 41, as a proof of Johnson's
+'perceptive quickness.'
+
+[439] Dr. Johnson, in his _Journey_, thus beautifully describes his
+situation here:--'I sat down on a bank, such as a writer of romance
+might have delighted to feign. I had, indeed, no trees to whisper over
+my head; but a clear rivulet streamed at my feet. The day was calm, the
+air soft, and all was rudeness, silence, and solitude. Before me, and on
+either side, were high hills, which, by hindering the eye from ranging,
+forced the mind to find entertainment for itself. Whether I spent the
+hour well, I know not; for here I first conceived the thought of this
+narration.' The _Critical Reviewers_, with a spirit and expression
+worthy of the subject, say,--'We congratulate the publick on the event
+with which this quotation concludes, and are fully persuaded that the
+hour in which the entertaining traveller conceived this narrative will
+be considered, by every reader of taste, as a fortunate event in the
+annals of literature. Were it suitable to the task in which we are at
+present engaged, to indulge ourselves in a poetical flight, we would
+invoke the winds of the Caledonian Mountains to blow for ever, with
+their softest breezes, on the bank where our author reclined, and
+request of Flora, that it might be perpetually adorned with the gayest
+and most fragrant productions of the year.' BOSWELL. Johnson thus
+described the scene to Mrs. Thrale:--'I sat down to take notes on a
+green bank, with a small stream running at my feet, in the midst of
+savage solitude, with mountains before me and on either hand covered
+with heath. I looked around me, and wondered that I was not more
+affected, but the mind is not at all times equally ready to be put in
+motion.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 131.
+
+[440] 'The villagers gathered about us in considerable numbers, I
+believe without any evil intention, but with a very savage wildness of
+aspect and manner.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 38.
+
+[441] The M'Craas, or Macraes, were since that time brought into the
+king's army, by the late Lord Seaforth. When they lay in Edinburgh
+Castle in 1778, and were ordered to embark for Jersey, they with a
+number of other men in the regiment, for different reasons, but
+especially an apprehension that they were to be sold to the East-India
+Company, though enlisted not to be sent out of Great-Britain without
+their own consent, made a determined mutiny, and encamped upon the lofty
+mountain, _Arthur's seat_, where they remained three days and three
+nights; bidding defiance to all the force in Scotland. At last they came
+down, and embarked peaceably, having obtained formal articles of
+capitulation, signed by Sir Adolphus Oughton, commander in chief,
+General Skene, deputy commander, the Duke of Buccleugh, and the Earl of
+Dunmore, which quieted them. Since the secession of the Commons of Rome
+to the _Mons Sacer_, a more spirited exertion has not been made. I gave
+great attention to it from first to last, and have drawn up a particular
+account of it. Those brave fellows have since served their country
+effectually at Jersey, and also in the East-Indies, to which, after
+being better informed, they voluntarily agreed to go. BOSWELL. The line
+which Boswell quotes is from _The Chevalier's Muster Roll_:--
+
+     'The laird of M'Intosh is coming,
+      M'Crabie & M'Donald's coming,
+      M'Kenzie & M'Pherson's coming,
+      And the wild M'Craw's coming.
+      Little wat ye wha's coming,
+      Donald Gun and a's coming.'
+         Hogg's _Jacobite Relics_, i. 152.
+
+Horace Walpole (_Letters_, vii. 198) writing on May 9, 1779, tells how
+on May 1 'the French had attempted to land [on Jersey], but Lord
+Seaforth's new-raised regiment of 700 Highlanders, assisted by some
+militia and some artillery, made a brave stand and repelled the
+intruders.'
+
+[442] 'One of the men advised her, with the cunning that clowns never
+can be without, to ask more; but she said that a shilling was enough. We
+gave her half a crown, and she offered part of it again.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 133.
+
+[443] Of this part of the journey Johnson wrote:--'We had very little
+entertainment as we travelled either for the eye or ear. There are, I
+fancy, no singing birds in the Highlands.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 135. It
+is odd that he should have looked for singing birds on the first of
+September.
+
+[444] Act iii. sc. 4.
+
+[445] It is amusing to observe the different images which this being
+presented to Dr. Johnson and me. The Doctor, in his _Journey_, compares
+him to a Cyclops. BOSWELL. 'Out of one of the beds on which we were to
+repose, started up at our entrance, a man black as a Cyclops from the
+forge.' _Works_, ix. 44. Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale:--'When we were
+taken up stairs, a dirty fellow bounced out of the bed where one of us
+was to lie. Boswell blustered, but nothing could be got'. _Piozzi
+Letters_, i, 136. Macaulay (_Essays_, ed. 1843, i. 404) says: 'It is
+clear that Johnson himself did not think in the dialect in which he
+wrote. The expressions which came first to his tongue were simple,
+energetic, and picturesque. When he wrote for publication, he did his
+sentences out of English into Johnsonese. His letters from the Hebrides
+to Mrs. Thrale are the original of that work of which the _Journey to
+the Hebrides_ is the translation; and it is amusing to compare the two
+versions.' Macaulay thereupon quotes these two passages. See _ante_,
+under Aug. 29, 1783.
+
+[446] 'We had a lemon and a piece of bread, which supplied me with my
+supper.'_Piozzi Letters_, i, 136. Goldsmith, who in his student days had
+been in Scotland, thus writes of a Scotch inn:--'Vile entertainment is
+served up, complained of, and sent down; up comes worse, and that also
+is changed, and every change makes our wretched cheer more unsavoury.'
+_Present State of Polite Learning_, ch. 12.
+
+[447] General Wolfe, in his letter from Head-quarters on Sept. 2, 1759,
+eleven days before his death wrote:--'In this situation there is such a
+choice of difficulties that I own myself at a loss how to determine.'
+_Ann. Reg._ 1759, p. 246.
+
+[448] See _ante_, p. 89.
+
+[449] See _ante_, ii. 169, note 2.
+
+[450] Boswell, in a note that he added to the second edition (see
+_post_, end of the _Journal_), says that he has omitted 'a few
+observations the publication of which might perhaps be considered as
+passing the bounds of a strict decorum,' In the first edition (p. 165)
+the next three paragraphs were as follows:--'Instead of finding the head
+of the Macdonalds surrounded with his clan, and a festive entertainment,
+we had a small company, and cannot boast of our cheer. The particulars
+are minuted in my Journal, but I shall not trouble the publick with
+them. I shall mention but one characteristick circumstance. My shrewd
+and hearty friend Sir Thomas (Wentworth) Blacket, Lady Macdonald's
+uncle, who had preceded us in a visit to this chief, upon being asked by
+him if the punch-bowl then upon the table was not a very handsome one,
+replied, "Yes--if it were full." 'Sir Alexander Macdonald having been an
+Eton scholar, Dr. Johnson had formed an opinion of him which was much
+diminished when he beheld him in the isle of Sky, where we heard heavy
+complaints of rents racked, and the people driven to emigration. Dr.
+Johnson said, "It grieves me to see the chief of a great clan appear to
+such disadvantage. This gentleman has talents, nay some learning; but he
+is totally unfit for this situation. Sir, the Highland chiefs should not
+be allowed to go farther south than Aberdeen. A strong-minded man, like
+his brother Sir James, may be improved by an English education; but in
+general they will be tamed into insignificance." 'I meditated an escape
+from this house the very next day; but Dr. Johnson resolved that we
+should weather it out till Monday.' Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale:--'We
+saw the isle of Skie before us, darkening the horizon with its rocky
+coast. A boat was procured, and we launched into one of the straits of
+the Atlantick Ocean. We had a passage of about twelve miles to the point
+where ---- ---- resided, having come from his seat in the middle of the
+island to a small house on the shore, as we believe, that he might with
+less reproach entertain us meanly. If he aspired to meanness, his
+retrograde ambition was completely gratified... Boswell was very angry,
+and reproached him with his improper parsimony.' _Piozzi Letters_, i.
+137. A little later he wrote:--'I have done thinking of ---- whom we now
+call Sir Sawney; he has disgusted all mankind by injudicious parsimony,
+and given occasion to so many stories, that ---- has some thoughts of
+collecting them, and making a novel of his life.' _Ib_. p. 198. The last
+of Rowlandson's _Caricatures_ of Boswell's _Journal_ is entitled
+_Revising for the Second Edition_. Macdonald is represented as seizing
+Boswell by the throat and pointing with his stick to the _Journal_ that
+lies open at pages 168, 169. On the ground lie pages 165, 167, torn out.
+Boswell, in an agony of fear, is begging for mercy.
+
+[451]
+
+     'Here, in Badenoch, here in Lochaber anon, in Lochiel, in
+      Knoydart, Moydart, Morrer, Ardgower, and Ardnamurchan,
+      Here I see him and here: I see him; anon I lose him.'
+
+Clough's _Bothie_, p. 125
+
+[452] See his Latin verses addressed to Dr. Johnson, in this APPENDIX.
+BOSWELL.
+
+[453] See _ante_, ii. 157.
+
+[454] See _ante_, i. 449.
+
+[455] See _ante_, ii. 99.
+
+[456] See _ante_, iii 198, note 1.
+
+[457] 'Such is the laxity of Highland conversation, that the inquirer is
+kept in continual suspense, and by a kind of intellectual retrogradation
+knows less as he hears more.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 47. 'They are not
+much accustomed to be interrogated by others, and seem never to have
+thought upon interrogating themselves; so that if they do not know what
+they tell to be true, they likewise do not distinctly perceive it to be
+false. Mr. Boswell was very diligent in his inquiries; and the result of
+his investigations was, that the answer to the second question was
+commonly such as nullified the answer to the first.' _Ib._, p. 114.
+
+[458] Mr. Carruthers, in his edition of Boswell's _Hebrides_, says (p.
+xiv):--'The new management and high rents took the tacksmen, or larger
+tenants, by surprise. They were indignant at the treatment they
+received, and selling off their stock they emigrated to America. In the
+twenty years from 1772 to 1792, sixteen vessels with emigrants sailed
+from the western shores of Inverness-shire and Ross-shire, containing
+about 6400 persons, who carried with them in specie at least £38,400. A
+desperate effort was made by the tacksmen on the estate of Lord
+Macdonald. They bound themselves by a solemn oath not to offer for any
+farm that might become vacant. The combination failed of its object, but
+it appeared so formidable in the eyes of the "English-bred chieftain,"
+that he retreated precipitately from Skye and never afterwards
+returned.'
+
+[459] Dr. Johnson seems to have forgotten that a Highlander going armed
+at this period incurred the penalty of serving as a common soldier for
+the first, and of transportation beyond sea for a second offence. And as
+for 'calling out his clan,' twelve Highlanders and a bagpipe made a
+rebellion. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[460] Mackintosh (_Life_ ii. 62) says that in Mme. du Deffand's
+_Correspondence_ there is 'an extraordinary confirmation of the talents
+and accomplishments of our Highland Phoenix, Sir James Macdonald. A
+Highland chieftain, admired by Voltaire, could have been no
+ordinary man.'
+
+[461] This extraordinary young man, whom I had the pleasure of knowing
+intimately, having been deeply regretted by his country, the most minute
+particulars concerning him must be interesting to many. I shall
+therefore insert his two last letters to his mother, Lady Margaret
+Macdonald, which her ladyship has been pleased to communicate to me.
+'Rome, July 9th, 1766. 'My DEAR MOTHER, 'Yesterday's post brought me
+your answer to the first letter in which I acquainted you of my illness.
+Your tenderness and concern upon that account are the same I have always
+experienced, and to which I have often owed my life. Indeed it never was
+in so great danger as it has been lately; and though it would have been
+a very great comfort to me to have had you near me, yet perhaps I ought
+to rejoice, on your account, that you had not the pain of such a
+spectacle. I have been now a week in Rome, and wish I could continue to
+give you the same good accounts of my recovery as I did in my last; but
+I must own that, for three days past, I have been in a very weak and
+miserable state, which however seems to give no uneasiness to my
+physician. My stomach has been greatly out of order, without any visible
+cause; and the palpitation does not decrease. I am told that my stomach
+will soon recover its tone, and that the palpitation must cease in time.
+So I am willing to believe; and with this hope support the little
+remains of spirits which I can be supposed to have, on the forty-seventh
+day of such an illness. Do not imagine I have relapsed;--I only recover
+slower than I expected. If my letter is shorter than usual, the cause of
+it is a dose of physick, which has weakened me so much to-day, that I am
+not able to write a long letter. I will make up for it next post, and
+remain always 'Your most sincerely affectionate son, 'J. MACDONALD.' He
+grew gradually worse; and on the night before his death he wrote as
+follows from Frescati:--'MY DEAR MOTHER, 'Though I did not mean to
+deceive you in my last letter from Rome, yet certainly you would have
+very little reason to conclude of the very great and constant danger I
+have gone through ever since that time. My life, which is still almost
+entirely desperate, did not at that time appear to me so, otherwise I
+should have represented, in its true colours, a fact which acquires very
+little horror by that means, and comes with redoubled force by
+deception. There is no circumstance of danger and pain of which I have
+not had the experience, for a continued series of above a fortnight;
+during which time I have settled my affairs, after my death, with as
+much distinctness as the hurry and the nature of the thing could admit
+of. In case of the worst, the Abbé Grant will be my executor in this
+part of the world, and Mr. Mackenzie in Scotland, where my object has
+been to make you and my younger brother as independent of the eldest as
+possible.' BOSWELL. Horace Walpole (Letters, vii. 291), in 1779, thus
+mentions this 'younger brother':--'Macdonald abused Lord North in very
+gross, yet too applicable, terms; and next day pleaded he had been
+drunk, recanted, and was all admiration and esteem for his Lordship's
+talents and virtues.'
+
+[462] See _ante_, iii. 85, and _post_, Oct. 28.
+
+[463] Cheyne's English Malady, ed. 1733, p. 229.
+
+[464] 'Weary, stale, flat and unprofitable.' _Hamlet_, act i. sc. 2. See
+_ante_, iii. 350, where Boswell is reproached by Johnson with 'bringing
+in gabble,' when he makes this quotation.
+
+[465] VARIOUS READINGS. Line 2. In the manuscript, Dr. Johnson, instead
+of _rupibus obsita_, had written _imbribus uvida_, and _uvida nubibus_,
+but struck them both out. Lines 15 and 16. Instead of these two lines,
+he had written, but afterwards struck out, the following:--
+
+     Parare posse, utcunque jactet
+     Grandiloquus nimis alta Zeno.
+
+BOSWELL. In Johnson's _Works_, i. 167, these lines are given with some
+variations, which perhaps are in part due to Mr. Langton, who, we are
+told (_ante_, Dec. 1784), edited some, if not indeed all, of Johnson's
+Latin poems.
+
+[466] Cowper wrote to S. Rose on May 20, 1789:--'Browne was an
+entertaining companion when he had drunk his bottle, but not before;
+this proved a snare to him, and he would sometimes drink too much.'
+Southey's _Cowper_, vi. 237. His _De Animi Immortalitate_ was published
+in 1754. He died in 1760, aged fifty-four. See _ante_, ii. 339.
+
+[467] Boswell, in one of his _Hypochondriacks_ (_ante_, iv. 179)
+says:--'I do fairly acknowledge that I love Drinking; that I have a
+constitutional inclination to indulge in fermented liquors, and that if
+it were not for the restraints of reason and religion, I am afraid I
+should be as constant a votary of Bacchus as any man.... Drinking is in
+reality an occupation which employs a considerable portion of the time
+of many people; and to conduct it in the most rational and agreeable
+manner is one of the great arts of living. Were we so framed that it
+were possible by perpetual supplies of wine to keep ourselves for ever
+gay and happy, there could be no doubt that drinking would be the
+_summum bonum_, the chief good, to find out which philosophers have been
+so variously busied. But we know from humiliating experience that men
+cannot be kept long in a state of elevated drunkenness.'
+
+[468] That my readers may have my narrative in the style of the country
+through which I am travelling, it is proper to inform them, that the
+chief of a clan is denominated by his _surname_ alone, as M'Leod,
+M'Kinnon, M'lntosh. To prefix _Mr._ to it would be a degradation from
+_the_ M'Leod, &c. My old friend, the Laird of M'Farlane, the great
+antiquary, took it highly amiss, when General Wade called him Mr.
+M'Farlane. Dr. Johnson said, he could not bring himself to use this mode
+of address; it seemed to him to be too familiar, as it is the way in
+which, in all other places, intimates or inferiors are addressed. When
+the chiefs have _titles_ they are denominated by them, as _Sir James
+Grant_, _Sir Allan M'Lean_. The other Highland gentlemen, of landed
+property, are denominated by their _estates_, as _Rasay_, _Boisdale_;
+and the wives of all of them have the title of _ladies_. The _tacksmen_,
+or principal tenants, are named by their farms, as _Kingsburgh_,
+_Corrichatachin_; and their wives are called the _mistress_ of
+Kingsburgh, the _mistress_ of Corrichatachin.--Having given this
+explanation, I am at liberty to use that mode of speech which generally
+prevails in the Highlands and the Hebrides. BOSWELL.
+
+[469] See _ante_, iii. 275.
+
+[470] Boswell implies that Sir A. Macdonald's table had not been
+furnished plentifully. Johnson wrote:--'At night we came to a tenant's
+house of the first rank of tenants, where we were entertained better
+than at the landlord's.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 141.
+
+[471] 'Little did I once think,' he wrote to her the same day, 'of
+seeing this region of obscurity, and little did you once expect a
+salutation from this verge of European life. I have now the pleasure of
+going where nobody goes, and seeing what nobody sees.' _Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 120. About fourteen years since, I landed in Sky, with a party of
+friends, and had the curiosity to ask what was the first idea on every
+one's mind at landing. All answered separately that it was this Ode.
+WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[472] See Appendix B.
+
+[473] 'I never was in any house of the islands, where I did not find
+books in more languages than one, if I staid long enough to want them,
+except one from which the family was removed.' Johnson's _Works_, ix.
+50. He is speaking of 'the higher rank of the Hebridians,' for on p. 61
+he says:--'The greater part of the islanders make no use of books.'
+
+[474] There was a Mrs. Brooks, an actress, the daughter of a Scotchman
+named Watson, who had forfeited his property by 'going out in the '45.'
+But according to _The Thespian Dictionary_ her first appearance on the
+stage was in 1786.
+
+[475] Boswell mentions, _post_, Oct. 5, 'the famous Captain of
+Clanranald, who fell at Sherrif-muir.'
+
+[476] See _ante_, p. 95.
+
+[477] By John Macpherson, D.D. See _post_, Sept. 13.
+
+[478] Sir Walter Scott, when in Sky in 1814, wrote:--'We learn that most
+of the Highland superstitions, even that of the second sight, are still
+in force.' Lockhart's _Scott_, ed. 1839, iv. 305. See _.ante_, ii.
+10, 318.
+
+[479] Of him Johnson wrote:--'One of the ministers honestly told me that
+he came to Sky with a resolution not to believe it.' _Works_, ix. 106.
+
+[480] 'By the term _second sight_ seems to be meant a mode of seeing
+superadded to that which nature generally bestows. In the Erse it is
+called _Taisch_; which signifies likewise a spectre or a vision.'
+_Johnson's Works_, ix. 105.
+
+[481] Gray's _Ode on a distant prospect of Eton College_, 1. 44.
+
+[482] A tonnage bounty of thirty shillings a ton was at this time given
+to the owners of busses or decked vessels for the encouragement of the
+white herring fishery. Adam Smith (_Wealth of Nations_, iv. 5) shews how
+mischievous was its effect.
+
+[483] The Highland expression for Laird of Rasay. BOSWELL.
+
+[484] 'In Sky I first observed the use of brogues, a kind of artless
+shoes, stitched with thongs so loosely, that, though they defend the
+foot from stones, they do not exclude water.' Johnson's _Works_, ix 46.
+
+[485] To evade the law against the tartan dress, the Highlanders used to
+dye their variegated plaids and kilts into blue, green, or any single
+colour. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[486] See _post_, Oct. 5.
+
+[487] The Highlanders were all well inclined to the episcopalian form,
+_proviso_ that the right _king_ was prayed for. I suppose Malcolm meant
+to say, 'I will come to your church because you are honest folk,' viz.
+_Jacobites_. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[488] See _ante_, i. 450, and ii. 291.
+
+[489] Perhaps he was thinking of Johnson's letter of June 20, 1771
+(_ante_, ii. 140), where he says:--'I hope the time will come when we
+may try our powers both with cliffs and water.'
+
+[490] 'The wind blew enough to give the boat a kind of dancing
+agitation.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 142. 'The water was calm and the rowers
+were vigorous; so that our passage was quick and pleasant.' Johnson's
+_Works_, ix. 54.
+
+[491]
+
+     'Caught in the wild Aegean seas,
+      The sailor bends to heaven for ease.'
+
+FRANCIS. Horace, 2, _Odes_, xvi. 1.
+
+[492] See _ante_, iv. Dec. 9, 1784, note.
+
+[493] Such spells are still believed in. A lady of property in Mull, a
+friend of mine, had a few years since much difficulty in rescuing from
+the superstitious fury of the people, an old woman, who used a _charm_
+to injure her neighbour's cattle. It is now in my possession, and
+consists of feathers, parings of nails, hair, and such like trash, wrapt
+in a lump of clay. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[494] Sir Walter Scott, writing in Skye in 1814, says:--'Macleod and Mr.
+Suter have both heard a tacksman of Macleod's recite the celebrated
+Address to the Sun; and another person repeat the description of
+Cuchullin's car. But all agree as to the gross infidelity of Macpherson
+as a translator and editor.' Lockhart's _Scott_, iv. 308.
+
+[495] See _post_, Nov. 10.
+
+[496] 'The women reaped the corn, and the men bound up the sheaves. The
+strokes of the sickle were timed by the modulation of the harvest-song,
+in which all their voices were united.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 58.
+
+[497] 'The money which he raises annually by rent from all his
+dominions, which contain at least 50,000 acres, is not believed to
+exceed £250; but as he keeps a large farm in his own hands, he sells
+every year great numbers of cattle ... The wine circulates vigorously,
+and the tea, chocolate, and coffee, however they are got, are always at
+hand.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 142. 'Of wine and punch they are very
+liberal, for they get them cheap; but as there is no custom-house on the
+island, they can hardly be considered as smugglers.' _Ib_. p. 160.
+'Their trade is unconstrained; they pay no customs, for there is no
+officer to demand them; whatever, therefore, is made dear only by impost
+is obtained here at an easy rate.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 52.
+
+[498] 'No man is so abstemious as to refuse the morning dram, which they
+call a _skalk_.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. p. 51.
+
+[499] Alexander Macleod, of Muiravenside, advocate, became extremely
+obnoxious to government by his zealous personal efforts to engage his
+chief Macleod, and Macdonald of Sky, in the Chevalier's attempts of
+1745. Had he succeeded, it would have added one third at least to the
+Jacobite army. Boswell has oddly described _M'Cruslick_, the being whose
+name was conferred upon this gentleman, as something between Proteus and
+Don Quixote. It is the name of a species of satyr, or _esprit follet_, a
+sort of mountain Puck or hobgoblin, seen among the wilds and mountains,
+as the old Highlanders believed, sometimes mirthful, sometimes
+mischievous. Alexander Macleod's precarious mode of life and variable
+spirits occasioned the _soubriquet_. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[500] Johnson also complained of the cheese. 'In the islands they do
+what I found it not very easy to endure. They pollute the tea-table by
+plates piled with large slices of Cheshire cheese, which mingles its
+less grateful odours with the fragrance of the tea.' _Works_, ix. 52.
+
+[501] 'The estate has not, during four hundred years, gained or lost a
+single acre.' _Ib_. p. 55.
+
+[502] Lord Stowell told me, that on the road from Newcastle to Berwick,
+Dr. Johnson and he passed a cottage, at the entrance of which were set
+up two of those great bones of the whale, which are not unfrequently
+seen in maritime districts. Johnson expressed great horror at the sight
+of these bones; and called the people, who could use such relics of
+mortality as an ornament, mere savages. CROKER.
+
+[503] In like manner Boswell wrote:--'It is divinely cheering to me to
+think that there is a Cathedral so near Auchinleck [as Carlisle].'
+_Ante_, iii. 416.
+
+[504] 'It is not only in Rasay that the chapel is unroofed and useless;
+through the few islands which we visited we neither saw nor heard of any
+house of prayer, except in Sky, that was not in ruins. The malignant
+influence of Calvinism has blasted ceremony and decency together... It
+has been for many years popular to talk of the lazy devotion of the
+Romish clergy; over the sleepy laziness of men that erected churches we
+may indulge our superiority with a new triumph, by comparing it with the
+fervid activity of those who suffer them to fall.' Johnson's _Works_,
+ix. 61. He wrote to Mrs. Thrale:--'By the active zeal of Protestant
+devotion almost all the chapels have sunk into ruin.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 152.
+
+[505] 'Not many years ago,' writes Johnson, 'the late Laird led out one
+hundred men upon a military expedition.' _Works_, ix. 59. What the
+expedition was he is careful not to state.
+
+[506] 'I considered this rugged ascent as the consequence of a form of
+life inured to hardships, and therefore not studious of nice
+accommodations. But I know not whether for many ages it was not
+considered as a part of military policy to keep the country not easily
+accessible. The rocks are natural fortifications.' Johnson's _Works_,
+ix. p. 54.
+
+[507] See _post_ Sept. 17.
+
+[508] In Sky a price was set 'upon the heads of foxes, which, as the
+number was diminished, has been gradually raised from three shillings
+and sixpence to a guinea, a sum so great in this part of the world,
+that, in a short time, Sky may be as free from foxes as England from
+wolves. The fund for these rewards is a tax of sixpence in the pound,
+imposed by the farmers on themselves, and said to be paid with great
+willingness.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 57.
+
+[509] Boswell means that the eastern coast of Sky is westward of Rasay.
+CROKER.
+
+[510] 'The Prince was hidden in his distress two nights in Rasay, and
+the King's troops burnt the whole country, and killed some of the
+cattle. You may guess at the opinions that prevail in this country; they
+are, however, content with fighting for their King; they do not drink
+for him. We had no foolish healths', _Piozzi Letters_, i. 145.
+
+[511] See _ante_, iv. 217, where he said:--'You have, perhaps, no man
+who knows as much Greek and Latin as Bentley.'
+
+[512] See _ante_, ii. 61, and _post_, Oct. 1.
+
+[513] See _ante_, i. 268, note 1.
+
+[514] Steele had had the Duke of Marlborough's papers, and 'in some of
+his exigencies put them in pawn. They then remained with the old
+Duchess, who, in her will, assigned the task to Glover [the author of
+_Leonidas_] and Mallet, with a reward of a thousand pounds, and a
+prohibition to insert any verses. Glover rejected, I suppose with
+disdain, the legacy, and devolved the whole work upon Mallet; who had
+from the late Duke of Marlborough a pension to promote his industry, and
+who talked of the discoveries which he had made; but left not, when he
+died, any historical labours behind him.' Johnson's _Works_, viii. 466.
+The Duchess died in 1744 and Mallet in 1765. For more than twenty years
+he thus imposed more or less successfully on the world. About the year
+1751 he played on Garrick's vanity. 'Mallet, in a familiar conversation
+with Garrick, discoursing of the diligence which he was then exerting
+upon the _Life of Marlborough_, let him know, that in the series of
+great men quickly to be exhibited, he should _find a niche_ for the hero
+of the theatre. Garrick professed to wonder by what artifice he could be
+introduced; but Mallet let him know, that by a dexterous anticipation he
+should fix him in a conspicuous place. "Mr. Mallet," says Garrick in his
+gratitude of exultation, "have you left off to write for the stage?"
+Mallet then confessed that he had a drama in his hands. Garrick promised
+to act it; and _Alfred_ was produced.' _Ib_. p. 465. See _ante_,
+iii. 386.
+
+[515] According to Dr. Warton (_Essay on Pope_, ii. 140) he received
+£5000. 'Old Marlborough,' wrote Horace Walpole in March, 1742 (Letters,
+i. 139), 'has at last published her _Memoirs_; they are digested by one
+Hooke, who wrote a Roman history; but from her materials, which are so
+womanish that I am sure the man might sooner have made a gown and
+petticoat with them.'
+
+[516] See _ante_, i. 153
+
+[517] 'Hooke,' says Dr. Warton (_Essay on Pope_, ii. 141), 'was a Mystic
+and a Quietist, and a warm disciple of Fénelon. It was he who brought a
+Catholic priest to take Pope's confession on his death-bed.'
+
+[518] See Cumberland's _Memoirs_, i. 344.
+
+[519] Mr. Croker says that 'though he sold a great tract of land in
+Harris, he left at his death in 1801 the original debt of £50,000
+[Boswell says £40,000] increased to £70,000.' When Johnson visited
+Macleod at Dunvegan, he wrote to Mrs. Thrale:--'Here, though poor
+Macleod had been left by his grandfather overwhelmed with debts, we had
+another exhibition of feudal hospitality. There were two stags in the
+house, and venison came to the table every day in its various forms.
+Macleod, besides his estate in Sky, larger I suppose than some English
+counties, is proprietor of nine inhabited isles; and of his isles
+uninhabited I doubt if he very exactly knows the number, I told him that
+he was a mighty monarch. Such dominions fill an Englishman with envious
+wonder; but when he surveys the naked mountain, and treads the quaking
+moor; and wanders over the wild regions of gloomy barrenness, his wonder
+may continue, but his envy ceases. The unprofitableness of these vast
+domains can be conceived only by the means of positive instances. The
+heir of Col, an island not far distant, has lately told me how wealthy
+he should be if he could let Rum, another of his islands, for twopence
+halfpenny an acre; and Macleod has an estate which the surveyor reports
+to contain 80,000 acres, rented at £600 a year.' _Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 154.
+
+[520] They were abolished by an act passed in 1747, being 'reckoned
+among the principal sources of the rebellions. They certainly kept the
+common people in subjection to their chiefs. By this act they were
+legally emancipated from slavery; but as the tenants enjoyed no leases,
+and were at all times liable to be ejected from their farms, they still
+depended on the pleasure of their lords, notwithstanding this
+interposition of the legislature, which granted a valuable consideration
+in money to every nobleman and petty baron, who was thus deprived of one
+part of his inheritance.' Smollett's _England_, iii. 206. See _ante_, p.
+46, note 1, and _post_, Oct. 22.
+
+[521] 'I doubt not but that since the regular judges have made their
+circuits through the whole country, right has been everywhere more
+wisely and more equally distributed; the complaint is, that litigation
+is grown troublesome, and that the magistrates are too few and therefore
+often too remote for general convenience... In all greater questions
+there is now happily an end to all fear or hope from malice or from
+favour. The roads are secure in those places through which forty years
+ago no traveller could pass without a convoy...No scheme of policy has
+in any country yet brought the rich and poor on equal terms to courts of
+judicature. Perhaps experience improving on experience may in time
+effect it.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 90.
+
+[522] He described Rasay as 'the seat of plenty, civility, and
+cheerfulness.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 152.
+
+[523] 'We heard the women singing as they _waulked_ the cloth, by
+rubbing it with their hands and feet, and screaming all the while in a
+sort of chorus. At a distance the sound was wild and sweet enough, but
+rather discordant when you approached too near the performers.'
+Lockhart's _Scott_, iv. 307.
+
+[524] She had been some time at Edinburgh, to which she again went, and
+was married to my worthy neighbour, Colonel Mure Campbell, now Earl of
+Loudoun, but she died soon afterwards, leaving one daughter. BOSWELL.
+'She is a celebrated beauty; has been admired at Edinburgh; dresses her
+head very high; and has manners so lady-like that I wish her head-dress
+was lower.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 144. See _ante_, iii. 118.
+
+[525]
+
+     'Yet hope not life from _grief_ or danger free,
+      _Nor_ think the doom of man reversed for thee.'
+
+_The Vanity of Human Wishes_.
+
+[526] 'Rasay accompanied us in his six-oared boat, which he said was his
+coach and six. It is indeed the vehicle in which the ladies take the air
+and pay their visits, but they have taken very little care for
+accommodations. There is no way in or out of the boat for a woman but by
+being carried; and in the boat thus dignified with a pompous name there
+is no seat but an occasional bundle of straw.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 152.
+In describing the distance of one family from another, Johnson
+writes:--'Visits last several days, and are commonly paid by water; yet
+I never saw a boat furnished with benches.' _Works_, ix. 100.
+
+[527] See _ante_, ii. 106, and iii. 154.
+
+[528] 'They which forewent us did leave a Roome for us, and should wee
+grieve to doe the same to these which should come after us? Who beeing
+admitted to see the exquisite rarities of some antiquaries cabinet is
+grieved, all viewed, to have the courtaine drawen, and give place to new
+pilgrimes?' _A Cypresse Grove_, by William Drummond of Hawthorne-denne,
+ed. 1630, p. 68.
+
+[529] See _ante_, iii. 153, 295.
+
+[530]
+
+     'While hoary Nestor, by experience wise,
+      To reconcile the angry monarch tries.'
+
+FRANCIS. Horace, i _Epis_. ii. II.
+
+[531] _See ante_, p. 16.
+
+[532] Lord Elibank died Aug. 3, 1778, aged 75. _Gent. Mag._ 1778, p.
+391.
+
+[533] A term in Scotland for a special messenger, such as was formerly
+sent with dispatches by the lords of the council.
+
+[534] Yet he said of him:--'There is nothing _conclusive_ in his talk.'
+_Ante_ iii. 57.
+
+[535] 'I believe every man has found in physicians great liberality and
+dignity of sentiment, very prompt effusion of beneficence, and
+willingness to exert a lucrative art where there is no hope of lucre.'
+Johnson's _Works_, vii. 402. See _ante_, iv. 263.
+
+[536] Johnson says (_ib_. ix. 156) that when the military road was made
+through Glencroe, 'stones were placed to mark the distances, which the
+inhabitants have taken away, resolved, they said, "to have no
+new miles."'
+
+[537]
+
+     'The lawland lads think they are fine,
+      But O they're vain and idly gawdy;
+      How much unlike that graceful mien
+      And manly look of my highland laddie.'
+
+From '_The Highland Laddie_, written long since by Allan Ramsay, and now
+sung at Ranelagh and all the other gardens; often fondly encored, and
+sometimes ridiculously hissed.' _Gent. Mag_. 1750, p. 325.
+
+[538] 'She is of a pleasing person and elegant behaviour. She told me
+that she thought herself honoured by my visit; and I am sure that
+whatever regard she bestowed on me was liberally repaid.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 153. In his _Journey_ (_Works_, ix. 63) Johnson speaks of
+Flora Macdonald, as 'a name that will be mentioned in history, and if
+courage and fidelity be virtues, mentioned with honour.'
+
+[539] This word, which meant much the same as, _fop_ or _dandy_, is
+found in Bk. x. ch. 2 of Fielding's _Amelia_ (published in 1751):--'A
+large assembly of young fellows, whom they call bucks.' Less than forty
+years ago, in the neighbourhood of London, it was, I remember, still
+commonly applied by the village lads to the boys of a boarding-school.
+
+[540] This word was at this time often used in a loose sense, though
+Johnson could not have so used it. Thus Horace Walpole, writing on May
+16, 1759 (_Letters_, iii. 227), tells a story of the little Prince
+Frederick. 'T'other day as he was with the Prince of Wales, Kitty Fisher
+passed by, and the child named her; the Prince, to try him, asked who
+that was? "Why, a Miss." "A Miss," said the Prince of Wales, "why are
+not all girls Misses?" "Oh! but a particular sort of Miss--a Miss that
+sells oranges."' Mr. Cunningham in a note on this says:--'Orange-girls
+at theatres were invariably courtesans.'
+
+[541] _Governor_ was the term commonly given to a tutor, especially a
+travelling tutor. Thus Peregrine Pickle was sent first to Winchester and
+afterwards abroad 'under the immediate care and inspection of a
+governor.' _Peregrine Pickle_, ch. xv.
+
+[542] He and his wife returned before the end of the War of
+Independence. On the way back she showed great spirit when their ship
+was attacked by a French man of war. Chambers's _Rebellion in
+Scotland_, ii. 329.
+
+[543] I do not call him _the Prince of Wales_, or _the Prince_, because
+I am quite satisfied that the right which the _House of Stuart_ had to
+the throne is extinguished. I do not call him, the _Pretender_, because
+it appears to me as an insult to one who is still alive, and, I suppose,
+thinks very differently. It may be a parliamentary expression; but it is
+not a gentlemanly expression. I _know_, and I exult in having it in my
+power to tell, that THE ONLY PERSON in the world who is intitled to be
+offended at this delicacy, thinks and feels as I do; and has liberality
+of mind and generosity of sentiment enough to approve of my tenderness
+for what even _has been_ Blood Royal. That he is a _prince_ by
+_courtesy_, cannot be denied; because his mother was the daughter of
+Sobiesky, king of Poland. I shall, therefore, _on that account alone_,
+distinguish him by the name of _Prince Charles Edward_. BOSWELL. To have
+called him the _Pretender_ in the presence of Flora Macdonald would have
+been hazardous. In her old age, 'such is said to have been the virulence
+of the Jacobite spirit in her composition, that she would have struck
+any one with her fist who presumed, in her hearing, to call Charles _the
+Pretender_.' Chambers's _Rebellion in Scotland_, ii. 330.
+
+[544] This, perhaps, was said in allusion to some lines ascribed to
+_Pope_, on his lying, at John Duke of Argyle's, at Adderbury, in the
+same bed in which Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, had slept:
+
+     'With no poetick ardour fir'd,
+        I press [press'd] the bed where Wilmot lay;
+      That here he liv'd [lov'd], or here expir'd,
+        Begets no numbers, grave or gay.'
+
+BOSWELL.
+
+[545] See _ante_, iv. 60, 187.
+
+[546] See _ante_, iv. 113 and 315.
+
+[547] 'This was written while Mr. Wilkes was Sheriff of London, and when
+it was to be feared he would rattle his chain a year longer as Lord
+Mayor.' Note to Campbell's _British Poets_, p. 662. By 'here' the poet
+means at _Tyburn_.
+
+[548] With virtue weigh'd, what worthless trash is gold! BOSWELL.
+
+[549] Since the first edition of this book, an ingenious friend has
+observed to me, that Dr. Johnson had probably been thinking on the
+reward which was offered by government for the apprehension of the
+grandson of King James II, and that he meant by these words to express
+his admiration of the Highlanders, whose fidelity and attachment had
+resisted the golden temptation that had been held out to them. BOSWELL.
+
+[550] On the subject of Lady Margaret Macdonald, it is impossible to
+omit an anecdote which does much honour to Frederick, Prince of Wales.
+By some chance Lady Margaret had been presented to the princess, who,
+when she learnt what share she had taken in the Chevalier's escape,
+hastened to excuse herself to the prince, and exlain to him that she was
+not aware that Lady Margaret was the person who had harboured the
+fugitive. The prince's answer was noble: 'And would _you_ not have done
+the same, madam, had he come to you, as to her, in distress and danger?
+I hope--I am sure you would!' WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[551] This old Scottish _member of parliament_, I am informed, is still
+living (1785). BOSWELL.
+
+[552] I cannot find that this account was ever published. Mr. Lumisden
+is mentioned _ante_, ii. 401, note 2.
+
+[553] This word is not in Johnson's _Dictionary_.
+
+[554] Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. p. 153) describes him in 1745 as 'a
+good-looking man of about five feet ten inches; his hair was dark red,
+and his eyes black. His features were regular, his visage long, much
+sunburnt and freckled, and his countenance thoughtful and melancholy.'
+When the Pretender was in London in 1750, 'he came one evening,' writes
+Dr. W. King (_Anec_. p. 199) 'to my lodgings, and drank tea with me; my
+servant, after he was gone, said to me, that he thought my new visitor
+very like Prince Charles. "Why," said I, "have you ever seen Prince
+Charles?" "No, Sir," said the fellow, "but this gentleman, whoever he
+may be, exactly resembles the busts which are sold in Red Lionstreet,
+and are said to be the busts of Prince Charles." The truth is, these
+busts were taken in plaster of Paris from his face. He has an handsome
+face and good eyes.'
+
+[555] Sir Walter Scott, writing of his childhood, mentions 'the stories
+told in my hearing of the cruelties after the battle of Culloden. One or
+two of our own distant relations had fallen, and I remember of (sic)
+detesting the name of Cumberland with more than infant hatred.'
+Lockhart's _Scott_, i. 24. 'I was,' writes Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_, p.
+190), 'in the coffee-house with Smollett when the news of the battle of
+Culloden arrived, and when London all over was in a perfect uproar of
+joy.' On coming out into the street, 'Smollett,' he continues,
+'cautioned me against speaking a word, lest the mob should discover my
+country, and become insolent, "for John Bull," says he; "is as haughty
+and valiant to-night as he was abject and cowardly on the Black
+Wednesday when the Highlanders were at Derby." I saw not Smollett again
+for some time after, when he shewed me his manuscript of his _Tears of
+Scotland_. Smollett, though a Tory, was not a Jacobite, but he had the
+feelings of a Scotch gentleman on the reported cruelties that were said
+to be exercised after the battle of Culloden.' See _ante_, ii. 374, for
+the madman 'beating his straw, supposing it was the Duke of Cumberland,
+whom he was punishing for his cruelties in Scotland in 1746.'
+
+[556] 'He was obliged to trust his life to the fidelity of above fifty
+individuals, and many of these were in the lowest paths of fortune. They
+knew that a price of £30,000 was set upon his head, and that by
+betraying him they should enjoy wealth and affluence.' Smollett's _Hist.
+of England_, iii. 184.
+
+[557] 'Que les hommes privés, qui se plaignent de leurs petites
+infortunes, jettent les yeux sur ce prince et sur ses ancêtres.' _Siècle
+de Louis XV_, ch. 25.
+
+[558] 'I never heard him express any noble or benevolent sentiments, or
+discover any sorrow or compassion for the misfortunes of so many worthy
+men who had suffered in his cause. But the most odious part of his
+character is his love of money, a vice which I do not remember to have
+been imputed by our historians to any of his ancestors, and is the
+certain index of a base and little mind. I have known this gentleman,
+with 2000 Louis d'ors in his strong box, pretend he was in great
+distress, and borrow money from a lady in Paris, who was not in affluent
+circumstances.' Dr. W. King's _Anec._ p. 201. 'Lord Marischal,' writes
+Hume, 'had a very bad opinion of this unfortunate prince; and thought
+there was no vice so mean or atrocious of which he was not capable; of
+which he gave me several instances.' J. H. Burton's _Hume_, ii. 464.
+
+[559] _Siècle de Louis XIV_, ch. 15. The accentuation of this passage,
+which was very incorrect as quoted by Boswell, I have corrected.
+
+[560] By banishment he meant, I conjecture, transportation as a
+convict-slave to the American plantations.
+
+[561] Wesley in his _Journal_--the reference I have mislaid--seemed from
+this consideration almost to regret a reprieve that came to a
+penitent convict.
+
+[562] Hume describes how in 1753 (? 1750) the Pretender, on his secret
+visit to London, 'came to the house of a lady (who I imagined to be Lady
+Primrose) without giving her any preparatory information; and entered
+the room where she had a pretty large company with her, and was herself
+playing at cards. He was announced by the servant under another name.
+She thought the cards would have dropped from her hands on seeing him.
+But she had presence enough of mind to call him by the name he assumed.'
+J.H. Burton's _Hume_, ii. 462. Mr. Croker (Croker's _Boswell_, p. 331)
+prints an autograph letter from Flora Macdonald which shows that Lady
+Primrose in 1751 had lodged £627 in a friend's hands for her behoof, and
+that she had in view to add more.
+
+[563] It seems that the Pretender was only once in London, and that it
+was in 1750. _Ante_, i. 279, note 5. I suspect that 1759 is Boswell's
+mistake or his printer's. From what Johnson goes on to say it is clear
+that George II. was in Germany at the time of the Prince's secret visit.
+He was there the greater part of 1750, but not in 1753 or 1759. In 1750,
+moreover, 'the great army of the King of Prussia overawed Hanover.'
+Smollett's _England_, iii. 297. This explains what Johnson says about
+the King of Prussia stopping the army in Germany.
+
+[564] See _ante_, iv. 165, 170.
+
+[565] COMMENTARIES on the laws of England, book 1. chap. 3. BOSWELL.
+
+[566] B. VI. chap. 3. Since I have quoted Mr. Archdeacon Paley upon one
+subject, I cannot but transcribe, from his excellent work, a
+distinguished passage in support of the Christian Revelation.--After
+shewing, in decent but strong terms, the unfairness of the _indirect_
+attempts of modern infidels to unsettle and perplex religious
+principles, and particularly the irony, banter, and sneer, of one whom
+he politely calls 'an eloquent historian,' the archdeacon thus expresses
+himself:--
+
+'Seriousness is not constraint of thought; nor levity, freedom. Every
+mind which wishes the advancement of truth and knowledge, in the most
+important of all human researches, must abhor this licentiousness, as
+violating no less the laws of reasoning than the rights of decency.
+There is but one description of men to whose principles it ought to be
+tolerable. I mean that class of reasoners who can see _little_ in
+christianity even supposing it to be true. To such adversaries we
+address this reflection.--Had _Jesus Christ_ delivered no other
+declaration than the following, "The hour is coming in the which all
+that are in the graves shall hear his voice, and shall come forth,--they
+that have done well [good] unto the resurrection of life, and they that
+have done evil unto the resurrection of damnation," [_St. John_ v. 25]
+he had pronounced a message of inestimable importance, and well worthy
+of that splendid apparatus of prophecy and miracles with which his
+mission was introduced and attested:--a message in which the wisest of
+mankind would rejoice to find an answer to their doubts, and rest to
+their inquiries. It is idle to say that a future state had been
+discovered already.--It had been discovered as the Copernican System
+was;--it was one guess amongst many. He alone discovers who _proves_,
+and no man can prove this point but the teacher who testifies by
+miracles that his doctrine comes from GOD.'--Book V. chap. 9.
+
+If infidelity be disingenuously dispersed in every shape that is likely
+to allure, surprise, or beguile the imagination,--in a fable, a tale, a
+novel, a poem,--in books of travels, of philosophy, of natural
+history,--as Mr. Paley has well observed,--I hope it is fair in me thus
+to meet such poison with an unexpected antidote, which I cannot doubt
+will be found powerful. BOSWELL. The 'eloquent historian' was Gibbon.
+See Paley's _Principles_, ed. 1786, p. 395.
+
+[567] In _The Life of Johnson (ante_, iii. 113), Boswell quotes these
+words, without shewing that they are his own; but italicises not
+fervour, but loyalty.
+
+[568] 'Whose service is perfect freedom.' _Book of Common Prayer._
+
+[569] See _ante_, i. 353, note 1.
+
+[570] Ovid, _Ars Amatoria_, iii. 121.
+
+[571]
+
+     'This facile temper of the beauteous sex
+      Great Agamemnon, brave Pelides proved.'
+
+These two lines follow the four which Boswell quotes. _Agis_, act iv.
+
+[572] _Agis_, a tragedy, by John Home. BOSWELL.
+
+[573] See _ante_, p. 27.
+
+[574] A misprint, I suppose, for _designing_.
+
+[575] 'Next in dignity to the laird is the tacksman; a large taker or
+leaseholder of land, of which he keeps part as a domain in his own hand,
+and lets part to under-tenants. The tacksman is necessarily a man
+capable of securing to the laird the whole rent, and is commonly a
+collateral relation.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 82.
+
+[576] A _lettre de cachet_.
+
+[577] _Ante_, p. 159.
+
+[578] 'It is related that at Dunvegan Lady Macleod, having poured out
+for Dr. Johnson sixteen cups of tea, asked him if a small basin would
+not save him trouble, and be more agreeable. "I wonder, Madam," answered
+he roughly, "why all the ladies ask me such questions. It is to save
+yourselves trouble, Madam, and not me." The lady was silent and resumed
+her task.' Northcote's _Reynolds_, i. 81.
+
+[579] 'In the garden-or rather the orchard which was formerly the
+garden-is a pretty cascade, divided into two branches, and called Rorie
+More's Nurse, because he loved to be lulled to sleep by the sound of
+it.' Lockhart's _Scott_, iv. 304.
+
+[580] It has been said that she expressed considerable dissatisfaction
+at Dr. Johnson's rude behaviour at Dunvegan. Her grandson, the present
+Macleod, assures me that it was not so: 'they were all,' he says
+emphatically, '_delighted_ with him.' CROKER. Mr. Croker refers, I
+think, to a communication from Sir Walter Scott, published in the
+_Croker Corres_. ii. 33. Scott writes:--'When wind-bound at Dunvegan,
+Johnson's temper became most execrable, and beyond all endurance, save
+that of his guide. The Highlanders, who are very courteous in their way,
+held him in great contempt for his want of breeding, but had an idea at
+the same time there was something respectable about him, they could not
+tell what, and long spoke of him as the Sassenach _mohr_, or
+large Saxon.'
+
+[581] 'I long to be again in civilized life.' _Ante_, p. 183.
+
+[582] See _ante_, iii. 406.
+
+[583] Johnson refers, I think, to a passage in _L'Esprit des Lois_, Book
+xvi. chap. 4, where Montesquieu says:--'J'avoue que si ce que les
+relations nous disent était vrai, qu'à Bantam il y a dix femmes pour un
+homme, ce serait un cas bien particulier de la polygamie. Dans tout ceci
+je ne justifie pas les usages, mais j'en rends les raisons.'
+
+[584] What my friend treated as so wild a supposition, has actually
+happened in the Western islands of Scotland, if we may believe Martin,
+who tells it of the islands of Col and Tyr-yi, and says that it is
+proved by the parish registers. BOSWELL. 'The Isle of Coll produces more
+boys than girls, and the Isle of Tire-iy more girls than boys; as if
+nature intended both these isles for mutual alliances, without being at
+the trouble of going to the adjacent isles or continent to be matched.
+The parish-book in which the number of the baptised is to be seen,
+confirms this observation.' Martin's _Western Islands,_ p. 271.
+
+[585] _A Dissertation on the Gout_, by W. Cadogan, M.D., 1771. It went
+through nine editions in its first year.
+
+[586] This was a general reflection against Dr. Cadogan, when his very
+popular book was first published. It was said, that whatever precepts he
+might give to others, he himself indulged freely in the bottle. But I
+have since had the pleasure of becoming acquainted with him, and, if his
+own testimony may be believed, (and I have never heard it impeached,)
+his course of life has been conformable to his doctrine. BOSWELL.
+
+[587] 'April 7, 1765. I purpose to rise at eight, because, though I
+shall not yet rise early, it will be much earlier than I now rise, for I
+often lie till two.' _Pr. and Med._ p. 62. 'Sept. 18, 1771. My nocturnal
+complaints grow less troublesome towards morning; and I am tempted to
+repair the deficiencies of the night. I think, however, to try to rise
+every day by eight, and to combat indolence as I shall obtain strength.'
+_Ib._ p. 105. 'April 14, 1775. As my life has from my earliest years
+been wasted in a morning bed, my purpose is from Easter day to rise
+early, not later than eight.' _Ib._ p. 139.
+
+[588] See _post_, Oct. 25.
+
+[589] See _ante_, iv. under Dec. 2, 1784.
+
+[590] Miss Mulso (Mrs. Chapone) wrote in 1753:--'I had the assurance to
+dispute with Mr. Johnson on the subject of human malignity, and wondered
+to hear a man, who by his actions shews so much benevolence, maintain
+that the human heart is naturally malevolent, and that all the
+benevolence we see in the few who are good is acquired by reason and
+religion.' _ Life of Mrs. Chapone_, p.73. See _post_, p. 214.
+
+[591] This act was passed in 1746.
+
+[592] _Isaiah_, ii. 4.
+
+[593] Sir Walter Scott, after mentioning Lord Orford's (Horace Walpole)
+_History of His Own Time_, continues:--'The Memoirs of our Scots Sir
+George Mackenzie are of the same class--both immersed in little
+political detail, and the struggling skirmish of party, seem to have
+lost sight of the great progressive movements of human affairs.'
+Lockhart's _Scott_ vii. 12.
+
+[594] 'Illum jura potius ponere quam de jure respondere dixisses; eique
+appropinquabant clientes tanquam judici potius quam advocato.'
+Mackenzie's _Works_, ed. 1716, vol. i. part 2, p. 7.
+
+[595] 'Opposuit ei providentia Nisbetum: qui summâ doctrinâ
+consummatâque eloquentiâ causas agebat, ut justitiae scalae in
+aequilibrio essent; nimiâ tamen arte semper utens artem suam suspectam
+reddebat. Quoties ergo conflixerunt, penes Gilmorum gloria, penes
+Nisbetum palma fuit; quoniam in hoc plus artis et cultus, in illo
+naturae et virium.' _Ib._
+
+[596] He often indulged himself in every species of pleasantry and wit.
+BOSWELL.
+
+[597] But like the hawk, having soared with a lofty flight to a height
+which the eye could not reach, he was wont to swoop upon his quarry with
+wonderful rapidity. BOSWELL. These two quotations are part of the same
+paragraph, and are not even separated by a word. _Ib._ p. 6.
+
+[598] See _ante_, i. 453; iii. 323; iv. 276; and v. 32.
+
+[599] Some years later he said that 'when Burke lets himself down to
+jocularity he is in the kennel.' _Ante_, iv. 276.
+
+[600] Cicero and Demosthenes, no doubt, were brought in by the passage
+about Nicholson. Mackenzie continues:--'Hic primus nos a Syllogismorum
+servitute manumisit et Aristotelem Demostheni potius quam Ciceroni forum
+concedere coegit.' P. 6.
+
+[601] See _ante_ ii. 435 and iv. 149, note 3.
+
+[602] See _ante_, i. 103.
+
+[603] See _ante_ ii 436
+
+[604] See _ante_, i. 65.
+
+[605] On Sept. 13, 1777, Johnson wrote:--'Boswell shrinks from the
+Baltick expedition, which, I think, is the best scheme in our power.'
+_Ante_, iii. 134, note 1.
+
+[606] See _ante_, ii. 59, note 1.
+
+[607] See _ante_, iii. 368.
+
+[608] 'Every man wishes to be wise, and they who cannot be wise are
+almost always cunning ... nor is caution ever so necessary as with
+associates or opponents of feeble minds.' _The Idler_, No. 92. In a
+letter to Dr. Taylor Johnson says:--'To help the ignorant commonly
+requires much patience, for the ignorant are always trying to be
+cunning.' _Notes and Queries_, 6th S. v. 462. Churchill, in _The
+Journey_ (_Poems_, ed. 1766, ii. 327), says:--
+
+     ''Gainst fools be guarded; 'tis a certain rule,
+      Wits are safe things, there's danger in a fool.'
+
+
+[609] See _ante_, p. 173.
+
+[610]
+
+     'For thee we dim the eyes, and stuff the head
+      With all such reading as was never read;
+      For thee explain a thing till all men doubt it,
+      And  write   about  it,  goddess, and about it.'
+
+_The Dunciad_, iv. 249.
+
+[611] Genius is chiefly exerted in historical pictures; and the art of
+the painter of portraits is often lost in the obscurity of his subject.
+But it is in painting as in life; what is greatest is not always best. I
+should grieve to see Reynolds transfer to heroes and to goddesses, to
+empty splendour and to airy fiction, that art which is now employed in
+diffusing friendship, in reviving tenderness, in quickening the
+affections of the absent, and continuing the presence of the dead.' _The
+Idler_, No. 45. 'Southey wrote thirty years later:--'I find daily more
+and more reason to wonder at the miserable ignorance of English
+historians, and to grieve with a sort of despondency at seeing how much
+that has been laid up among the stores of knowledge has been neglected
+and utterly forgotten.' Southey's _Life_, ii. 264. On another occasion
+he said of Robertson:--'To write his introduction to _Charles V_,
+without reading these _Laws_ [the _Laws_ of Alonso the Wise], is one of
+the thousand and one omissions for which he ought to be called rogue, as
+long as his volumes last. _Ib_. p. 318
+
+[612]
+
+     'That eagle's fate and mine are one,
+      Which on the shaft that made him die,
+      Espy'd a feather of his own,
+      Wherewith he wont to soar so high.'
+      _Epistle to a Lady._
+
+Anderson's _Poets_, v. 480.
+
+[613] See _ante_, iii. 271.
+
+[614] 'In England there may be reason for raising the rents (in a
+certain degree) where the value of lands is increased by accession of
+commerce, ...but here (contrary to all policy) the great men begin at
+the wrong end, with squeezing the bag, before they have helped the poor
+tenant to fill it; by the introduction of manufactures.' Pennant's
+_Scotland_, ed. 1772, p. 191.
+
+[615] Boswell refers, not to a passage in _Pennant_, but to Johnson's
+admission that in his dispute with Monboddo, 'he might have taken the
+side of the savage, had anybody else taken the side of the shopkeeper.'
+_Ante_, p. 83.
+
+[616] 'Boswell, with some of his troublesome kindness, has informed this
+family and reminded me that the 18th of September is my birthday. The
+return of my birthday, if I remember it, fills me with thoughts which it
+seems to be the general care of humanity to escape.' _Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 134. See _ante_, iii. 157.
+
+[617] 'At Dunvegan I had tasted lotus, and was in danger of forgetting
+that I was ever to depart, till Mr. Boswell sagely reproached me with my
+sluggishness and softness.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 67.
+
+[618] Johnson wrote of the ministers:--'I saw not one in the islands
+whom I had reason to think either deficient in learning, or irregular in
+life; but found several with whom I could not converse without wishing,
+as my respect increased, that they had not been Presbyterians.' _Ib_.
+p. 102.
+
+[619] See _ante_, p. 142.
+
+[620] See _ante_, ii. 28.
+
+[621]
+
+     'So horses they affirm to be
+      Mere engines made by geometry,
+      And were invented first from engines,
+      As Indian Britons were from penguins.'
+
+_Hudibras_, part i. canto 2, line 57. Z. Gray, in a note on these lines,
+quotes Selden's note on Drayton's _Polyolbion_:--'About the year 1570,
+Madoc, brother to David Ap Owen, Prince of Wales, made a sea-voyage to
+Florida; and by probability those names of Capo de Breton in Norimberg,
+and Penguin in part of the Northern America, for a white rock and a
+white-headed bird, according to the British, were relicts of this
+discovery.'
+
+[622] Published in Edinburgh in 1763.
+
+[623] See ante, ii. 76. 'Johnson used to say that in all family disputes
+the odds were in favour of the husband from his superior knowledge of
+life and manners.' Johnson's Works (1787), xi. 210.
+
+[624] He wrote to Dr. Taylor:--' Nature has given women so much power
+that the law has very wisely given them little.' _Notes and Queries_,
+6th S. v. 342.
+
+[625] As I have faithfully recorded so many minute particulars, I hope I
+shall be pardoned for inserting so flattering an encomium on what is now
+offered to the publick. BOSWELL.
+
+[626] See _ante_, iv. 109, note 1.
+
+[627] 'The islanders of all degrees, whether of rank or understanding,
+universally admit it, except the ministers, who universally deny it, and
+are suspected to deny it in consequence of a system, against
+conviction.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 106.
+
+[628] The true story of this lady, which happened in this century, is as
+frightfully romantick as if it had been the fiction of a gloomy fancy.
+She was the wife of one of the Lords of Session in Scotland, a man of
+the very first blood of his country. For some mysterious reasons, which
+have never been discovered, she was seized and carried off in the dark,
+she knew not by whom, and by nightly journeys was conveyed to the
+Highland shores, from whence she was transported by sea to the remote
+rock of St. Kilda, where she remained, amongst its few wild inhabitants,
+a forlorn prisoner, but had a constant supply of provisions, and a woman
+to wait on her. No inquiry was made after her, till she at last found
+means to convey a letter to a confidential friend, by the daughter of a
+Catechist, who concealed it in a clue of yarn. Information being thus
+obtained at Edinburgh, a ship was sent to bring her off; but
+intelligence of this being received, she was conveyed to M'Leod's island
+of Herries, where she died.
+
+In CARSTARE'S STATE PAPERS we find an authentick narrative of Connor
+[Conn], a catholick priest, who turned protestant, being seized by some
+of Lord Seaforth's people, and detained prisoner in the island of
+Herries several years; he was fed with bread and water, and lodged in a
+house where he was exposed to the rains and cold. Sir James Ogilvy
+writes (June 18, 1667 [1697]), that the Lord Chancellor, the Lord
+Advocate, and himself, were to meet next day, to take effectual methods
+to have this redressed. Connor was then still detained; p. 310.--This
+shews what private oppression might in the last century be practised in
+the Hebrides.
+
+In the same collection [in a letter dated Sept. 15, 1700], the Earl of
+Argyle gives a picturesque account of an embassy from the _great_ M'Neil
+_of Barra_, as that insular Chief used to be denominated:--'I received a
+letter yesterday from M'Neil of Barra, who lives very far off, sent by a
+gentleman in all formality, offering his service, which had made you
+laugh to see his entry. His style of his letter runs as if he were of
+another kingdom.'--Page 643 [648]. BOSWELL.
+
+Sir Walter Scott says:--'I have seen Lady Grange's Journal. She had
+become privy to some of the Jacobite intrigues, in which her husband,
+Lord Grange (an Erskine, brother of the Earl of Mar, and a Lord of
+Session), and his family were engaged. Being on indifferent terms with
+her husband, she is said to have thrown out hints that she knew as much
+as would cost him his life. The judge probably thought with Mrs.
+Peachum, that it is rather an awkward state of domestic affairs, when
+the wife has it in her power to hang the husband. Lady Grange was the
+more to be dreaded, as she came of a vindictive race, being the
+grandchild [according to Mr. Chambers, the child] of that Chiesley of
+Dalry, who assassinated Sir George Lockhart, the Lord President. Many
+persons of importance in the Highlands were concerned in removing her
+testimony. The notorious Lovat, with a party of his men, were the direct
+agents in carrying her off; and St. Kilda, belonging then to Macleod,
+was selected as the place of confinement. The name by which she was
+spoken or written of was _Corpach_, an ominous distinction,
+corresponding to what is called _subject_ in the lecture-room of an
+anatomist, or _shot_ in the slang of the Westport murderers' [Burke and
+Hare]. Sir Walter adds that 'it was said of M'Neil of Barra, that when
+he dined, his bagpipes blew a particular strain, intimating that all the
+world might go to dinner.' Croker's _Boswell_, p. 341.
+
+[629] I doubt the justice of my fellow-traveller's remark concerning the
+French literati, many of whom, I am told, have considerable merit in
+conversation, as well as in their writings. That of Monsieur de Buffon,
+in particular, I am well assured, is highly instructive and
+entertaining. BOSWELL. See _ante_, iii. 253.
+
+[630] Horace Walpole, writing of 1758, says:--'Prize-fighting, in which
+we had horribly resembled the most barbarous and most polite nations,
+was suppressed by the legislature.' _Memoirs of the Reign of George II_,
+iii. 99. According to Mrs. Piozzi (_Anec._ p. 5), Johnson said that his
+'father's brother, Andrew, kept the ring in Smithfield (where they
+wrestled and boxed) for a whole year, and never was thrown or conquered.
+Mr. Johnson was,' she continues, 'very conversant in the art of boxing.'
+She had heard him descant upon it 'much to the admiration of those who
+had no expectation of his skill in such matters.'
+
+[631] See _ante_, ii. 179, 226, and iv. 211.
+
+[632] See _ante_, p. 98.
+
+[633] See _ante_, i, 110.
+
+[634] See _ante_, i. 398, and ii. 15, 35, 441.
+
+[635] Gibbon, thirteen years later, writing to Lord Sheffield about the
+commercial treaty with France, said (_Misc. Works_, ii. 399):--'I hope
+both nations are gainers; since otherwise it cannot be lasting; and such
+double mutual gain is surely possible in fair trade, though it could not
+easily happen in the mischievous amusements of war and gaming.'
+
+[636] Johnson (_Works_, viii. 139), writing of gratitude and resentment,
+says:--'Though there are few who will practise a laborious virtue,
+there will never be wanting multitudes that will indulge an easy vice.'
+
+[637] _Aul. Gellius_, lib. v. c. xiv. BOSWELL.
+
+[638] 'The difficulties in princes' business are many and great; but the
+greatest difficulty is often in their own mind. For it is common with
+princes, saith Tacitus, to will contradictories. _Sunt plerumque regum
+voluntates vehementes, et inter se contrariae_. For it is the solecism
+of power to think to command the end, and yet not to endure the mean.'
+Bacon's _Essays_, No. xix.
+
+[639] Yet Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale on Sept. 30:--'I am now no longer
+pleased with the delay; you can hear from me but seldom, and I cannot at
+all hear from you. It comes into my mind that some evil may happen.'
+_Piozzi Letters_, i. 148. On Oct. 15 he wrote to Mr. Thrale:--'Having
+for many weeks had no letter, my longings are very great to be informed
+how all things are at home, as you and mistress allow me to call it....
+I beg to have my thoughts set at rest by a letter from you or my
+mistress.' _Ib_. p. 166. See _ante_, iii. 4.
+
+[640] Sir Walter Scott thus describes Dunvegan in 1814:--'The whole
+castle occupies a precipitous mass of rock overhanging the lake, divided
+by two or three islands in that place, which form a snug little harbour
+under the walls. There is a court-yard looking out upon the sea,
+protected by a battery, at least a succession of embrasures, for only
+two guns are pointed, and these unfit for service. The ancient entrance
+rose up a flight of steps cut in the rock, and passed into this
+court-yard through a portal, but this is now demolished. You land under
+the castle, and walking round find yourself in front of it. This was
+originally inaccessible, for a brook coming down on the one side, a
+chasm of the rocks on the other, and a ditch in front, made it
+impervious. But the late Macleod built a bridge over the stream, and the
+present laird is executing an entrance suitable to the character of this
+remarkable fortalice, by making a portal between two advanced towers,
+and an outer court, from which he proposes to throw a draw-bridge over
+to the high rock in front of the castle.' Lockhart's _Scott_, ed.
+1839, iv. 303.
+
+[641]
+
+     'Bella gerant alii; tu, felix Austria, nube;
+      Quae dat Mars aliis, dat tibi regna Venus.'
+
+
+
+[642] Johnson says of this castle:--'It is so nearly entire, that it
+might have easily been made habitable, were there not an ominous
+tradition in the family, that the owner shall not long outlive the
+reparation. The grandfather of the present laird, in defiance of
+prediction, began the work, but desisted in a little time, and applied
+his money to worse uses.' _Works_, ix. 64.
+
+[643] Macaulay (_Essays_, ed. 1843, i. 365) ends a lively piece of
+criticism on Mr. Croker by saying:--'It requires no Bentley or Casaubon
+to perceive that Philarchus is merely a false spelling for Phylarchus,
+the chief of a tribe.'
+
+[644] See _ante_, i. 180.
+
+[645] Sir Walter Scott wrote in 1814:--'The monument is now nearly
+ruinous, and the inscription has fallen down.' Lockhart's _Scott_,
+iv. 308.
+
+[646] 'Wheel carriages they have none, but make a frame of timber, which
+is drawn by one horse, with the two points behind pressing on the
+ground. On this they sometimes drag home their sheaves, but often convey
+them home in a kind of open pannier, or frame of sticks, upon the
+horse's back.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 76. 'The young Laird of Col has
+attempted what no islander perhaps ever thought on. He has begun a road
+capable of a wheel-carriage. He has carried it about a mile.' _Ib_.
+p. 128.
+
+[647] Captain Phipps had sailed in May of this year, and in the
+neighbourhood of Spitzbergen had reached the latitude of more than 80°.
+He returned to England in the end of September. _Gent. Mag_. 1774,
+p. 420.
+
+[648] _Aeneid_, vi. II.
+
+[649] 'In the afternoon, an interval of calm sunshine courted us out to
+see a cave on the shore, famous for its echo. When we went into the
+boat, one of our companions was asked in Erse by the boatmen, who they
+were that came with him. He gave us characters, I suppose to our
+advantage, and was asked, in the spirit of the Highlands, whether I
+could recite a long series of ancestors. The boatmen said, as I
+perceived afterwards, that they heard the cry of an English ghost. This,
+Boswell says, disturbed him.... There was no echo; such is the fidelity
+of report.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 156.
+
+[650] '_Law_ or _low_ signifies a hill: _ex. gr._ Wardlaw, guard hill,
+Houndslow, the dog's hill.' Blackie's _Etymological Geography_, p. 103.
+
+[651] Pepys often mentions them. At first he praises them highly, but of
+one of the later ones--_Tryphon_--he writes:--'The play, though
+admirable, yet no pleasure almost in it, because just the very same
+design, and words, and sense, and plot, as every one of his plays have,
+any one of which would be held admirable, whereas so many of the same
+design and fancy do but dull one another.' Pepys's _Diary_, ed. 1851,
+v. 63.
+
+[652] The second and third earls are passed over by Johnson. It was the
+fourth earl who, as Charles Boyle, had been Bentley's antagonist. Of
+this controversy a full account is given in Lord Macaulay's _Life of
+Atterbury_.
+
+[653] The fifth earl, John. See _ante_, i. 185, and iii. 249.
+
+[654] See _ante_, i. 9, and iii. 154.
+
+[655] See _ante_, ii. 129, and iii. 183.
+
+[656] The young lord was married on the 8th of May, 1728, and the
+father's will is dated the 6th of Nov. following. 'Having,' says the
+testator, 'never observed that my son hath showed much taste or
+inclination, either for the entertainment or knowledge which study and
+learning afford, I give and bequeath all my books and mathematical
+instruments [with certain exceptions] to Christchurch College, in
+Oxford.' CROKER.
+
+[657] His _Life of Swift_ is written in the form of _Letters to his Son,
+the Hon. Hamilton Boyle._ The fifteenth Letter, in which he finishes his
+criticism of _Gulliver's Travels_, affords a good instance of this
+'studied variety of phrase.' 'I may finish my letter,' he writes,
+'especially as the conclusion of it naturally turns my thoughts from
+Yahoos to one of the dearest pledges I have upon earth, yourself, to
+whom I am a most
+
+     Affectionate Father,
+
+     'ORRERY.'
+
+See _ante_, i. 275-284, for Johnson's letters to Thomas Warton, many of
+which end 'in studied varieties of phrase.'
+
+[658] _The Conquest of Granada_ was dedicated to the Duke of York. The
+conclusion is as follows:--'If at any time Almanzor fulfils the parts of
+personal valour and of conduct, of a soldier and of a general; or, if I
+could yet give him a character more advantageous that what he has, of
+the most unshaken friend, the greatest of subjects, and the best of
+masters; I should then draw all the world a true resemblance of your
+worth and virtues; at least as far as they are capable of being copied
+by the mean abilities of,
+
+'Sir,
+
+'Your Royal Highness's
+
+'Most humble, and most
+
+'Obedient servant,
+
+'J. DRYDEN.'
+
+[659] On the day of his coronation he was asked to pardon four young men
+who had broken the law against carrying arms. 'So long as I live,' he
+replied, 'every criminal must die.' 'He was inexorable in individual
+cases; he adhered to his laws with a rigour that amounted to cruelty,
+while in the framing of general rules we find him mild, yielding, and
+placable.' Ranke's _Popes_, ed. 1866, i. 307, 311.
+
+[660] See _ante_, iii. 239, where he discusses the question of shooting
+a highwayman.
+
+[661] In _The Rambler_, No. 78, he says:--'I believe men may be
+generally observed to grow less tender as they advance in age.'
+
+[662] He passed over his own _Life of Savage_.
+
+[663] 'When I was a young fellow, I wanted to write the _Life of Dryden'
+Ante_, iii. 71.
+
+[664] See _ante_, p. 117.
+
+[665] 'I asked a very learned minister in Sky, who had used all arts to
+make me believe the genuineness of the book, whether at last he believed
+it himself; but he would not answer. He wished me to be deceived for the
+honour of his country; but would not directly and formally deceive me.
+Yet has this man's testimony been publickly produced, as of one that
+held _Fingal_ to be the work of Ossian.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 115.
+
+[666] A young lady had sung to him an Erse song. He asked her, 'What is
+that about? I question if she conceived that I did not understand it.
+For the entertainment of the company, said she. But, Madam, what is the
+meaning of it? It is a love song. This was all the intelligence that I
+could obtain; nor have I been able to procure the translation of a
+single line of Erse.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 146. See _post_, Oct. 16
+
+[667] This droll quotation, I have since found, was from a song in
+honour of the Earl of Essex, called _Queen Elisabeth's Champion_, which
+is preserved in a collection of Old Ballads, in three volumes, published
+in London in different years, between 1720 and 1730. The full verse is
+as follows:--
+
+     'Oh! then bespoke the prentices all,
+      Living in London, both proper and tall,
+      In a kind letter sent straight to the Queen,
+      For Essex's sake they would fight all.
+          Raderer too, tandaro te,
+          Raderer, tandorer, tan do re.'
+
+BOSWELL.
+
+[668] La Condamine describes a tribe called the Tameos, on the north
+side of the river Tiger in South America, who have a word for _three_.
+He continues:--'Happily for those who have transactions with them,
+their arithmetic goes no farther. The Brazilian tongue, a language
+spoken by people less savage, is equally barren; the people who speak
+it, where more than three is to be expressed, are obliged to use the
+Portuguese.' Pinkerton's _Voyages_, xiv. 225.
+
+[669] 'It was Addison's practice, when he found any man invincibly
+wrong, to flatter his opinions by acquiescence, and sink him yet deeper
+in absurdity. This artifice of mischief was admired by Stella; and Swift
+seems to approve her admiration.' Johnson's _Works_, vii. 450. Swift, in
+his _Character of Mrs. Johnson _ (Stella), says:--'Whether this
+proceeded from her easiness in general, or from her indifference to
+persons, or from her despair of mending them, or from the same practice
+which she much liked in Mr. Addison, I cannot determine; but when she
+saw any of the company very warm in a wrong opinion, she was more
+inclined to confirm them in it than oppose them. The excuse she commonly
+gave, when her friends asked the reason, was, "That it prevented noise
+and saved time." Swift's _Works_, xiv. 254.
+
+[670] In the Appendix to Blair's _Critical Dissertation on the Poems of
+Ossian_ Macqueen is mentioned as one of his authorities for his
+statements.
+
+[671] See _ante_, iv. 262, note.
+
+[672] I think it but justice to say, that I believe Dr. Johnson meant to
+ascribe Mr. M'Queen's conduct to inaccuracy and enthusiasm, and did not
+mean any severe imputation against him. BOSWELL.
+
+[673] In Baretti's trial (_ante_, ii. 97, note I) he seems to have given
+his evidence clearly. What he had to say, however, was not much.
+
+[674] Boswell had spoken before to Johnson about this omission. _Ante_,
+ii. 92.
+
+[675] It has been triumphantly asked, 'Had not the plays of Shakspeare
+lain dormant for many years before the appearance of Mr. Garrick? Did he
+not exhibit the most excellent of them frequently for thirty years
+together, and render them extremely popular by his own inimitable
+performance?' He undoubtedly did. But Dr. Johnson's assertion has been
+misunderstood. Knowing as well as the objectors what has been just
+stated, he must necessarily have meant, that 'Mr. Garrick did not as _a
+critick_ make Shakspeare better known; he did not _illustrate_ any one
+_passage_ in any of his plays by acuteness of disquisition, or sagacity
+of conjecture: and what had been done with any degree of excellence in
+_that_ way was the proper and immediate subject of his preface. I may
+add in support of this explanation the following anecdote, related to me
+by one of the ablest commentators on Shakspeare, who knew much of Dr.
+Johnson: 'Now I have quitted the theatre, cries Garrick, I will sit down
+and read Shakspeare.' ''Tis time you should, exclaimed Johnson, for I
+much doubt if you ever examined one of his plays from the first scene to
+the last.' BOSWELL. According to Davies (_Life of Garrick_, i. 120)
+during the twenty years' management of Drury Lane by Booth, Wilks and
+Cibber (about 1712-1732) not more than eight or nine of Shakspeare's
+plays were acted, whereas Garrick annually gave the public seventeen or
+eighteen. _Romeo and Juliet_ had lain neglected near 80 years, when in
+1748-9 Garrick brought it out, or rather a hash of it. 'Otway had made
+some alteration in the catastrophe, which Mr. Garrick greatly improved
+by the addition of a scene, which was written with a spirit not unworthy
+of Shakespeare himself.' _Ib_. p. 125. Murphy (_Life of Garrick_, p.
+100), writing of this alteration, says:--'The catastrophe, as it now
+stands, is the most affecting in the whole compass of the drama.' Davies
+says (p. 20) that shortly before Garrick's time 'a taste for Shakespeare
+had been revived. The ladies had formed themselves into a society under
+the title of The Shakespeare Club. They bespoke every week some
+favourite play of his.' This revival was shown in the increasing number
+of readers of Shakespeare. It was in 1741 that Garrick began to act. In
+the previous sixteen years there had been published four editions of
+Pope's _Shakespeare_ and two of Theobald's. In the next ten years were
+published five editions of Hanmer's _Shakespeare_, and two of
+Warburton's, besides Johnson's _Observations on Macbeth. _Lowndes's
+_Bibl. Man._ ed. 1871, p. 2270.
+
+[676] In her foolish _Essay on Shakespeare_, p. 15. See _ante_, ii. 88.
+
+[677] No man has less inclination to controversy than I have,
+particularly with a lady. But as I have claimed, and am conscious of
+being entitled to credit for the strictest fidelity, my respect for the
+publick obliges me to take notice of an insinuation which tends to
+impeach it.
+
+Mrs. Piozzi (late Mrs. Thrale), to her _Anecdotes of Dr. Johnson_, added
+the following postscript:--
+
+'_Naples, Feb._ 10, 1786.
+
+'Since the foregoing went to the press, having seen a passage from Mr.
+Boswell's _Tour to the Hebrides,_ in which it is said, that _I could not
+get through Mrs. Montague's "Essay on Shakspeare,"_ I do not delay a
+moment to declare, that, on the contrary, I have always commended it
+myself, and heard it commended by every one else; and few things would
+give me more concern than to be thought incapable of tasting, or
+unwilling to testify my opinion of its excellence.'
+
+It is remarkable that this postscript is so expressed, as not to point
+out the person who said that Mrs. Thrale could not get through Mrs.
+Montague's book; and therefore I think it necessary to remind Mrs.
+Piozzi, that the assertion concerning her was Dr. Johnson's, and not
+mine. The second observation that I shall make on this postscript is,
+that it does not deny the fact asserted, though I must acknowledge from
+the praise it bestows on Mrs. Montague's book, it may have been designed
+to convey that meaning.
+
+What Mrs. Thrale's opinion is or was, or what she may or may not have
+said to Dr. Johnson concerning Mrs. Montague's book, it is not necessary
+for me to enquire. It is only incumbent on me to ascertain what Dr.
+Johnson said to me. I shall therefore confine myself to a very short
+state of the fact. The unfavourable opinion of Mrs. Montague's book,
+which Dr. Johnson, is here reported to have given, is, known to have
+been that which he uniformly expressed, as many of his friends well
+remember. So much, for the authenticity of the paragraph, as far as it
+relates to his own sentiments. The words containing the assertion, to
+which Mrs. Piozzi objects, are printed from my manuscript Journal, and
+were taken down at the time. The Journal was read by Dr. Johnson, who
+pointed out some inaccuracies, which I corrected, but did not mention
+any inaccuracy in the paragraph in question: and what is still more
+material, and very flattering to me, a considerable part of my Journal,
+containing this paragraph, _was read several years ago by, Mrs. Thrale
+herself _[see _ante_, ii. 383], who had it for some time in her
+possession, and returned it to me, without intimating that Dr. Johnson
+had mistaken her sentiments.
+
+When the first edition of my Journal was passing through the press, it
+occurred to me that a peculiar delicacy was necessary to be observed in
+reporting the opinion of one literary lady concerning the performance of
+another; and I had such scruples on that head, that in the proof sheet I
+struck out the name of Mrs. Thrale from the above paragraph, and two or
+three hundred copies of my book were actually printed and published
+without it; of these Sir Joshua Reynolds's copy happened to be one. But
+while the sheet was working off, a friend, for whose opinion I have
+great respect, suggested that I had no right to deprive Mrs. Thrale of
+the high honour which Dr. Johnson had done her, by stating her opinion
+along with that of Mr. Beauclerk, as coinciding with, and, as it were,
+sanctioning his own. The observation appeared to me so weighty and
+conclusive, that I hastened to the printing-house, and, as a piece of
+justice, restored Mrs. Thrale to that place from which a too scrupulous
+delicacy had excluded her. On this simple state of facts I shall make no
+observation whatever. BOSWELL. This note was first published in the form
+of a letter to the Editor of _The Gazetteer_ on April 17, 1786.
+
+[678] See _ante_, p. 215, for his knowledge of coining and brewing, and
+_post_, p. 263, for his knowledge of threshing and thatching. Now and
+then, no doubt, 'he talked ostentatiously,' as he had at Fort George
+about Gunpowder (_ante_, p. 124). In the _Gent. Mag._ for 1749, p. 55,
+there is a paper on the _Construction of Fireworks_, which I have little
+doubt is his. The following passage is certainly Johnsonian:--'The
+excellency of a rocket consists in the largeness of the train of fire it
+emits, the solemnity of its motion (which should be rather slow at
+first, but augmenting as it rises), the straightness of its flight, and
+the height to which it ascends.'
+
+[679] Perhaps Johnson refers to Stephen Hales's _Statical Essays_
+(London, 1733), in which is an account of experiments made on the blood
+and blood-vessels of animals.
+
+[680] Evidence was given at the Tichborne Trial to shew that it takes
+some years to learn the trade.
+
+[681] Not the very tavern, which was burned down in the great fire. P.
+CUNNINGHAM.
+
+[682] I do not see why I might not have been of this club without
+lessening my character. But Dr. Johnson's caution against supposing
+one's self concealed in London, may be very useful to prevent some
+people from doing many things, not only foolish, but criminal. BOSWELL.
+
+[683] See _ante_, iii. 318.
+
+[684] Johnson defines _airy_ as _gay, sprightly, full of mirth_, &c.
+
+[685] 'A man would be drowned by claret before it made him drunk.'
+_Ante_, iii. 381.
+
+[686] _Ante_, p. 137.
+
+[687] See _ante_ ii. 261.
+
+[688] Lord Chesterfield wrote in 1747 (_Misc. Works_, iv. 231):--
+Drinking is a most beastly vice in every country, but it is really a
+ruinous one to Ireland; nine gentlemen in ten in Ireland are
+impoverished by the great quantity of claret, which from mistaken
+notions of hospitality and dignity, they think it necessary should be
+drunk in their houses. This expense leaves them no room to improve their
+estates by proper indulgence upon proper conditions to their tenants,
+who must pay them to the full, and upon the very day, that they may pay
+their wine-merchants.' In 1754 he wrote (_ib._p.359):--If it would but
+please God by his lightning to blast all the vines in the world, and by
+his thunder to turn all the wines now in Ireland sour, as I most
+sincerely wish he would, Ireland would enjoy a degree of quiet and
+plenty that it has never yet known.'
+
+[689] See _ante_, p. 95.
+
+[690] 'The sea being broken by the multitude of islands does not roar
+with so much noise, nor beat the storm with such foamy violence as I
+have remarked on the coast of Sussex. Though, while I was in the
+Hebrides, the wind was extremely turbulent, I never saw very high
+billows.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 65.
+
+[691] Johnson this day thus wrote of Mr. M'Queen to Mrs. Thrale:--'You
+find that all the islanders even in these recesses of life are not
+barbarous. One of the ministers who has adhered to us almost all the
+time is an excellent scholar.' _Piozzi Letters,_ i. 157.
+
+[692] See _post_, Nov. 6.
+
+[693] This was a dexterous mode of description, for the purpose of his
+argument; for what he alluded to was, a Sermon published by the learned
+Dr. William Wishart, formerly principal of the college at Edinburgh, to
+warn men _against_ confiding in a death-bed _repentance_ of the
+inefficacy of which he entertained notions very different from those of
+Dr. Johnson. BOSWELL.
+
+[694] The Rev. Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. p. 441) thus writes of the
+English clergy whom he met at Harrogate in 1763:--'I had never seen so
+many of them together before, and between this and the following year I
+was able to form a true judgment of them. They are, in general--I mean
+the lower order--divided into bucks and prigs; of which the first,
+though inconceivably ignorant, and sometimes indecent in their morals,
+yet I held them to be most tolerable, because they were unassuming, and
+had no other affectation but that of behaving themselves like gentlemen.
+The other division of them, the prigs, are truly not to be endured, for
+they are but half learned, are ignorant of the world, narrow-minded,
+pedantic, and overbearing. And now and then you meet with a _rara avis_
+who is accomplished and agreeable, a man of the world without
+licentiousness, of learning without pedantry, and pious without
+sanctimony; but this _is_ a _rara avis_'.
+
+[695] See _ante_, i. 446, note 1.
+
+[696] Johnson defines _manage_ in this sense _to train a horse to
+graceful action_, and quotes Young:--
+
+     'They vault from hunters to the managed steed.'
+
+
+
+[697] Of Sir William Forbes of a later generation, Lockhart (_Life of
+Scott_, ix. 179) writes as follows:--'Sir William Forbes, whose
+banking-house was one of Messrs. Ballantyne's chief creditors, crowned
+his generous efforts for Scott's relief by privately paying the whole of
+Abud's demand (nearly £2000) out of his own pocket.'
+
+[698] This scarcity of cash still exists on the islands, in several of
+which five shilling notes are necessarily issued to have some
+circulating medium. If you insist on having change, you must purchase
+something at a shop. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[699] 'The payment of rent in kind has been so long disused in England
+that it is totally forgotten. It was practised very lately in the
+Hebrides, and probably still continues, not only in St. Kilda, where
+money is not yet known, but in others of the smaller and remoter
+islands.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 110.
+
+[700] 'A place where the imagination is more amused cannot easily be
+found. The mountains about it are of great height, with waterfalls
+succeeding one another so fast, that as one ceases to be heard another
+begins.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 157.
+
+[701] See _ante_, i. 159.
+
+[702] Johnson seems to be speaking of Hailes's _Memorials and Letters
+relating to the History of Britain in the reign of James I and of
+Charles I_.
+
+[703] See _ante_, ii. 341.
+
+[704] See _ante_, iii. 91.
+
+[705] 'In all ages of the world priests have been enemies to liberty,
+and it is certain that this steady conduct of theirs must have been
+founded on fixed reasons of interest and ambition. Liberty of thinking
+and of expressing our thoughts is always fatal to priestly power, and to
+those pious frauds on which it is commonly founded.... Hence it must
+happen in such a government as that of Britain, that the established
+clergy, while things are in their natural situation, will always be of
+the _Court_-party; as, on the contrary, dissenters of all kinds will be
+of the _Country_-party.' Hume's _Essays_, Part 1, No. viii.
+
+[706] In the original _Every island's but a prison._ The song is by a
+Mr. Coffey, and is given in Ritson's _English Songs_ (1813), ii. 122.
+It begins:--
+
+     'Welcome, welcome, brother debtor,
+         To this poor but merry place,
+      Where no bailiff, dun, nor setter,
+         Dares to show his frightful face.'
+
+See _ante_, iii. 269.
+
+[707] He wrote to Mrs. Thrale the day before (perhaps it was this day,
+and the copyist blundered):--' I am still in Sky. Do you remember
+the song--
+
+
+We have at one time no boat, and at another may have too much wind; but
+of our reception here we have no reason to complain.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 143.
+
+[708] My ingenuously relating this occasional instance of intemperance
+has I find been made the subject both of serious criticism and ludicrous
+banter. With the banterers I shall not trouble myself, but I wonder that
+those who pretend to the appellation of serious criticks should not have
+had sagacity enough to perceive that here, as in every other part of the
+present work, my principal object was to delineate Dr. Johnson's manners
+and character. In justice to him I would not omit an anecdote, which,
+though in some degree to my own disadvantage, exhibits in so strong a
+light the indulgence and good humour with which he could treat those
+excesses in his friends, of which he highly disapproved.
+
+In some other instances, the criticks have been equally wrong as to the
+true motive of my recording particulars, the objections to which I saw
+as clearly as they. But it would be an endless task for an authour to
+point out upon every occasion the precise object he has in view,
+Contenting himself with the approbation of readers of discernment and
+taste, he ought not to complain that some are found who cannot or will
+not understand him. BOSWELL.
+
+[709] In the original, 'wherein is excess.'
+
+[710] See Chappell's _Popular Music of the Olden Time_, i. 231.
+
+[711] See _ante_, iii. 383.
+
+[712] see _ante_, p. 184.
+
+[713] See _ante_, ii. 120, where he took upon his knee a young woman who
+came to consult him on the subject of Methodism.
+
+[714] See _ante_, pp. 215, 246.
+
+[715] See _ante_, iv. 176.
+
+[716]
+
+     'If ev'ry wheel of that unwearied mill
+      That turned ten thousand verses now stands still.'
+
+_Imitations of Horace, 2 Epis._ ii. 78.
+
+[717] _Ante_, p. 206.
+
+[718]
+
+     'Nescio qua natale solum dulcedine captos
+      Ducit.'--Ovid, _Ex Pont_. i. 3. 35.
+
+
+[719] Lift up your hearts.
+
+[720] Mr. Croker prints the following letter written to Macleod the day
+before:--
+
+     'Ostig, 28th Sept. 1773.
+
+'DEAR SIR,--We are now on the margin of the sea, waiting for a boat and
+a wind. Boswell grows impatient; but the kind treatment which I find
+wherever I go, makes me leave, with some heaviness of heart, an island
+which I am not very likely to see again. Having now gone as far as
+horses can carry us, we thankfully return them. My steed will, I hope,
+be received with kindness;--he has borne me, heavy as I am, over ground
+both rough and steep, with great fidelity; and for the use of him, as
+for your other favours, I hope you will believe me thankful, and
+willing, at whatever distance we may be placed, to shew my sense of your
+kindness, by any offices of friendship that may fall within my power.
+
+'Lady Macleod and the young ladies have, by their hospitality and
+politeness, made an impression on my mind, which will not easily be
+effaced. Be pleased to tell them, that I remember them with great
+tenderness, and great respect.--I am, Sir, your most obliged and most
+humble servant,
+
+'SAM. JOHNSON.'
+
+'P.S.--We passed two days at Talisker very happily, both by the
+pleasantness of the place and elegance of our reception.'
+
+[721] Johnson (_Works_, viii. 409), after describing how Shenstone laid
+out the Leasowes, continues:--'Whether to plant a walk in undulating
+curves, and to place a bench at every turn where there is an object to
+catch the view; to make water run where it will be heard, and to
+stagnate where it will be seen; to leave intervals where the eye will be
+pleased, and to thicken the plantation where there is something to be
+hidden, demands any great powers of mind, I will not inquire: perhaps a
+surly and sullen speculator may think such performances rather the sport
+than the business of human reason.'
+
+[722] Johnson quotes this and the two preceding stanzas as 'a passage,
+to which if any mind denies its sympathy, it has no acquaintance with
+love or nature.' _Ib_. p. 413.
+
+[723] 'His mind was not very comprehensive, nor his curiosity active; he
+had no value for those parts of knowledge which he had not himself
+cultivated.' _Ib._ p. 411.
+
+[724] In the preface to vol. iii. of Shenstone's _Works_, ed. 1773, a
+quotation is given (p. vi) from one of the poet's letters in which he
+complains of this burning. He writes:--'I look upon my Letters as some of
+my _chef-d'auvres_.' On p. 301, after mentioning _Rasselas_, he
+continues:--'Did I tell you I had a letter from Johnson, inclosing
+Vernon's _Parish-clerk_?'
+
+[725] 'The truth is these elegies have neither passion, nature, nor
+manners. Where there is fiction, there is no passion: he that describes
+himself as a shepherd, and his Neaera or Delia as a shepherdess, and
+talks of goats and lambs, feels no passion. He that courts his mistress
+with Roman imagery deserves to lose her; for she may with good reason
+suspect his sincerity.' Johnson's _Works_, viii. 91. See _ante_, iv. 17.
+
+[726] His lines on Pulteney, Earl of Bath, still deserve some fame:--
+
+     'Leave a blank here and there in each page
+      To enrol the fair deeds of his youth!
+      When you mention the acts of his age,
+      Leave a blank for his honour and truth.'
+
+From _The Statesman_, H. C. Williams's _Odes_, p. 47.
+
+[727] Hamlet, act ii. sc. 2.
+
+[728] He did not mention the name of any particular person; but those
+who are conversant with the political world will probably recollect more
+persons than one to whom this observation may be applied. BOSWELL. Mr.
+Croker thinks that Lord North was meant. For his ministry Johnson
+certainly came to have a great contempt (_ante_, iv. 139). If Johnson
+was thinking of him, he differed widely in opinion from Gibbon, who
+describes North as 'a consummate master of debate, who could wield with
+equal dexterity the arms of reason and of ridicule.' Gibbon's _Misc.
+Works_, i. 221. On May 2, 1775, he wrote:--' If they turned out Lord
+North to-morrow, they would still leave him one of the best companions
+in the kingdom.' _Ib._ ii. 135.
+
+[729] Horace Walpole is speaking of this work, when he wrote on May 16,
+1759 (_Letters_, iii. 227):--'Dr. Young has published a new book, on
+purpose, he says himself, to have an opportunity of telling a story that
+he has known these forty years. Mr. Addison sent for the young Lord
+Warwick, as he was dying, to shew him in what peace a Christian could
+die--unluckily he died of brandy--nothing makes a Christian die in
+peace like being maudlin! but don't say this in Gath, where you are.'
+
+[730] 'His [Young's] plan seems to have started in his mind at the
+present moment; and his thoughts appear the effect of chance, sometimes
+adverse, and sometimes lucky, with very little operation of judgment....
+His verses are formed by no certain model; he is no more like himself in
+his different productions than he is like others. He seems never to have
+studied prosody, nor to have had any direction but from his own ear. But
+with all his defects, he was a man of genius and a poet.' Johnson's
+_Works_, viii. 458, 462. Mrs. Piozzi (_Synonymy_, ii. 371) tells why
+'Dr. Johnson despised Young's quantity of common knowledge as
+comparatively small. 'Twas only because, speaking once upon the subject
+of metrical composition, he seemed totally ignorant of what are called
+rhopalick verses, from the Greek word, a club--verses in which each word
+must be a syllable longer than that which goes before, such as:
+
+     Spes deus aeternae stationis conciliator.'
+
+
+[731] He had said this before. _Ante_, ii. 96.
+
+[732]
+
+     'Brunetta's wise in actions great and rare,
+      But scorns on trifles to bestow her care.
+      Thus ev'ry hour Brunetta is to blame,
+      Because th' occasion is beneath her aim.
+      Think nought a trifle, though it small appear;
+      Small sands the mountains, moments make the year,
+      And trifles life. Your care to trifles give,
+      Or you may die before you truly live.'
+
+_Love of Fame_, Satire vi. Johnson often taught that life is made up of
+trifles. See _ante_, i. 433.
+
+[733]
+
+     "But hold," she cries, "lampooner, have a care;
+      Must I want common sense, because I'm fair?"
+      O no: see Stella; her eyes shine as bright,
+      As if her tongue was never in the right;
+      And yet what real learning, judgment, fire!
+      She seems inspir'd, and can herself inspire:
+      How then (if malice rul'd not all the fair)
+      Could Daphne publish, and could she forbear?
+      We grant that beauty is no bar to sense,
+      Nor is't a sanction for impertinence.
+
+_Love of Fame_, Satire v.
+
+[734] Johnson called on Young's son at Welwyn in June, 1781. _Ante_, iv.
+119. Croft, in his _Life of Young_ (Johnson's _Works_, viii. 453), says
+that 'Young and his housekeeper were ridiculed with more ill-nature than
+wit in a kind of novel published by Kidgell in 1755, called _The Card_,
+under the name of Dr. Elwes and Mrs. Fusby.'
+
+[735] _Memoirs of Philip Doddridge_, ed. 1766, p. 171.
+
+[736] So late as 1783 he said 'this Hanoverian family is isolée here.'
+_Ante_, iv. 165.
+
+[737] See _ante_, ii. 81, where he hoped that 'this gloom of infidelity
+was only a transient cloud.'
+
+[738] Boswell has recorded this saying, _ante_, iv. 194.
+
+[739] In 1755 an English version of this work had been published. _Gent.
+Mag_. 1755, p. 574. In the Chronological Catalogue on p. 343 in vol. 66
+of Voltaire's _Works_, ed. 1819, it is entered as _'Histoire de la
+Guerre de_ 1741, fondue en partie dans le _Précis du siècle de
+Louis XV_.'
+
+[740] Boswell is here merely repeating Johnson's words, who on April 11
+of this year, advising him to keep a journal, had said, 'The great thing
+to be recorded is the state of your own mind.' _Ante_, ii. 217.
+
+[741] This word is not in his _Dictionary_.
+
+[742] See _ante_, i. 498.
+
+[743] See _ante_, ii. 61, 335; iii. 375, and _post_, under Nov. 11.
+
+[744] Beattie had attacked Hume in his _Essay on Truth_ (_ante_, ii. 201
+and v. 29). Reynolds this autumn had painted Beattie in his gown of an
+Oxford Doctor of Civil Law, with his _Essay_ under his arm. 'The angel
+of Truth is going before him, and beating down the Vices, Envy,
+Falsehood, &c., which are represented by a group of figures falling at
+his approach, and the principal head in this group is made an exact
+likeness of Voltaire. When Dr. Goldsmith saw this picture, he was very
+indignant at it, and said:--"It very ill becomes a man of your eminence
+and character, Sir Joshua, to condescend to be a mean flatterer, or to
+wish to degrade so high a genius as Voltaire before so mean a writer as
+Dr. Beattie; for Dr. Beattie and his book together will, in the space of
+ten years, not be known ever to have been in existence, but your
+allegorical picture and the fame of Voltaire will live for ever to your
+disgrace as a flatterer."' Northcote's _Reynolds_, i. 300. Another of
+the figures was commonly said to be a portrait of Hume; but Forbes
+(_Life of Beattie_, ed. 1824, p. 158) says he had reason to believe that
+Sir Joshua had no thought either of Hume or Voltaire. Beattie's _Essay_
+is so much a thing of the past that Dr. J. H. Burton does not, I
+believe, take the trouble ever to mention it in his _Life of Hume_.
+Burns did not hold with Goldsmith, for he took Beattie's side:--
+
+     'Hence sweet harmonious Beattie sung
+               His _Minstrel_ lays;
+      Or tore, with noble ardour stung,
+               The _Sceptic's_ bays.'
+
+(_The Vision_, part ii.)
+
+[745] See _ante_, ii. 441.
+
+[746] William Tytler published in 1759 an _Examination of the Histories
+of Dr. Robertson and Mr. Hume with respect to Mary Queen of Scots_. It
+was reviewed by Johnson. _Ante_, i. 354.
+
+[747] Johnson's _Rasselas_ was published in either March or April, and
+Goldsmith's _Polite Learning_ in April of 1759.I do not find that they
+published any other works at the same time. If these are the works
+meant, we have a proof that the two writers knew each other earlier than
+was otherwise known.
+
+[748] 'A learned prelate accidentally met Bentley in the days of
+_Phalaris_; and after having complimented him on that noble piece of
+criticism (the _Answer_ to the Oxford Writers) he bad him not be
+discouraged at this run upon him, for tho' they had got the laughers on
+their side, yet mere wit and raillery could not long hold out against a
+work of so much merit. To which the other replied, "Indeed Dr. S.
+[Sprat], I am in no pain about the matter. For I hold it as certain,
+that no man was ever written out of reputation but by himself."'
+_Warburton on Pope_, iv. 159, quoted in Person's _Tracts_, p. 345.
+'Against personal abuse,' says Hawkins (_Life_, p. 348), 'Johnson was
+ever armed by a reflection that I have heard him utter:--"Alas!
+reputation would be of little worth, were it in the power of every
+concealed enemy to deprive us of it."' He wrote to Baretti:--'A man of
+genius has been seldom ruined but by himself.' _Ante_, i. 381. Voltaire
+in his _Essay Sur les inconvéniens attachés à la Littérature_ (_Works_,
+ed. 1819, xliii. 173), after describing all that an author does to win
+the favour of the critics, continues:--'Tous vos soins n'empêchent pas
+que quelque journaliste ne vous déchire. Vous lui répondez; il réplique;
+vous avez un procès par écrit devant le public, qui condamne les deux
+parties au ridicule.' See _ante_, ii. 61, note 4.
+
+[749] However advantageous attacks may be, the feelings with which they
+are regarded by authors are better described by Fielding when he
+says:--'Nor shall we conclude the injury done this way to be very
+slight, when we consider a book as the author's offspring, and indeed as
+the child of his brain. The reader who hath suffered his muse to
+continue hitherto in a virgin state can have but a very inadequate idea
+of this kind of paternal fondness. To such we may parody the tender
+exclamation of Macduff, "Alas! thou hast written no book."' _Tom Jones_,
+bk. xi. ch. 1.
+
+[750] It is strange that Johnson should not have known that the
+_Adventures of a Guinea_ was written by a namesake of his own, Charles
+Johnson. Being disqualified for the bar, which was his profession, by a
+supervening deafness, he went to India, and made some fortune, and died
+there about 1800. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[751] Salusbury, not Salisbury.
+
+[752] Horace Walpole (_Letters_, .ii 57) mentions in 1746 his cousin Sir
+John Philipps, of Picton Castle; 'a noted Jacobite.'... He thus mentions
+Lady Philipps in 1788 when she was 'very aged.' 'They have a favourite
+black, who has lived with them a great many years, and is remarkably
+sensible. To amuse Lady Philipps under a long illness, they had read to
+her the account of the Pelew Islands. Somebody happened to say we were
+sending a ship thither; the black, who was in the room, exclaimed, "Then
+there is an end of their happiness." What a satire on Europe!' _Ib_.
+ix. 157.
+
+Lady Philips was known to Johnson through Miss Williams, to whom, as a
+note in Croker's _Boswell_ (p. 74) shews, she made a small yearly
+allowance.
+
+[753] 'To teach the minuter decencies and inferiour duties, to regulate
+the practice of daily conversation, to correct those depravities which
+are rather ridiculous than criminal, and remove those grievances which,
+if they produce no lasting calamities, impress hourly vexation, was
+first attempted by Casa in his book of _Manners_, and Castiglione in his
+_Courtier_; two books yet celebrated in Italy for purity and elegance.'
+Johnson's _Works_, vii. 428. _The Courtier_ was translated into English
+so early as 1561. Lowndes's _Bibl. Man_. ed. 1871, p. 386.
+
+[754] Burnet (_History of His Own Time_, ii. 296) mentions Whitby among
+the persons who both managed and directed the controversial war' against
+Popery towards the end of Charles II's reign. 'Popery,' he says, 'was
+never so well understood by the nation as it came to be upon this
+occasion.' Whitby's Commentary _on the New Testament_ was published
+in 1703-9.
+
+[755] By Henry Mackenzie, the author of _The Man of Feeling. Ante_, i.
+360. It had been published anonymously this spring. The play of the same
+name is by Macklin. It was brought out in 1781.
+
+[756] No doubt Sir A. Macdonald. _Ante_, p. 148. This 'penurious
+gentleman' is mentioned again, p. 315.
+
+[757] Molière's play of _L'Avare_.
+
+[758]
+
+     '...facit indignatio versum.'
+
+Juvenal, _Sat_. i. 79.
+
+[759] See _ante_, iii. 252.
+
+[760] He was sixty-four.
+
+[761] Still, perhaps, in the _Western Isles_, 'It may be we shall touch
+the Happy Isles.' Tennyson's _Ulysses._
+
+[762] See _ante_, ii, 51.
+
+[763] See _ante_, ii. 150.
+
+[764] Sir Alexander Macdonald.
+
+[765] 'To be or not to be: that is the question.' _Hamlet_, act iii. sc.
+1.
+
+[766] Virgil, _Eclogues_, iii. III.
+
+[767] 'The stormy Hebrides.' Milton's _Lycidas_, 1. 156.
+
+[768] Boswell was thinking of the passage (p. xxi.) in which Hawkesworth
+tells how one of Captain Cook's ships was saved by the wind falling.
+'If,' he writes, 'it was a natural event, providence is out of the
+question; at least we can with no more propriety say that providentially
+the wind ceased, than that providentially the sun rose in the morning.
+If it was not,' &c. According to Malone the attacks made on Hawkesworth
+in the newspapers for this passage 'affected him so much that from low
+spirits he was seized with a nervous fever, which on account of the high
+living he had indulged in had the more power on him; and he is supposed
+to have put an end to his life by intentionally taking an immoderate
+dose of opium.' Prior's _Malone_, p. 441. Mme. D'Arblay says that these
+attacks shortened his life. _Memoirs of Dr. Burney_, i. 278. He died on
+Nov. 17 of this year. See _ante_, i. 252, and ii. 247.
+
+[769] 'After having been detained by storms many days at Sky we left it,
+as we thought, with a fair wind; but a violent gust, which Bos had a
+great mind to call a tempest, forced us into Col.' _Piozzi Letters_, i.
+167. 'The wind blew against us in a short time with such violence, that
+we, being no seasoned sailors, were willing to call it a tempest... The
+master knew not well whither to go; and our difficulties might, perhaps,
+have filled a very pathetick page, had not Mr. Maclean of Col... piloted
+us safe into his own harbour.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 117. Sir Walter
+Scott says, 'Their risque, in a sea full of islands, was very
+considerable. Indeed, the whole expedition was highly perilous,
+considering the season of the year, the precarious chance of getting
+sea-worthy boats, and the ignorance of the Hebrideans, who,
+notwithstanding the opportunities, I may say the _necessities_, of their
+situation, are very careless and unskilful sailors.' Croker's
+_Boswell_, p. 362.
+
+[770] For as the tempest drives, I shape my way. FRANCIS. [Horace,
+_Epistles_, i. 1. 15.] BOSWELL.
+
+[771]
+
+     'Imberbus juvenis, tandem custode remoto,
+      Gaudet equis canibusque, et aprici gramine campi.'
+     'The youth, whose will no froward tutor bounds,
+      Joys in the sunny field, his horse and hounds.'
+
+FRANCIS. Horace, _Ars Poet_. 1. 161.
+
+[772] _Henry VI_, act i. sc. 2.
+
+[773] See _ante_, i. 468, and iii. 306.
+
+[774] Johnson describes him as 'a gentleman who has lived some time in
+the East Indies, but, having dethroned no nabob, is not too rich to
+settle in his own country.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 117.
+
+[775] This curious exhibition may perhaps remind some of my readers of
+the ludicrous lines, made, during Sir Robert Walpole's administration,
+on Mr. George (afterwards Lord) Lyttelton, though the figures of the two
+personages must be allowed to be very different:--
+
+     'But who is this astride the pony;
+      So long, so lean, so lank, so bony?
+      Dat be de great orator, Littletony.'
+
+BOSWELL.
+
+These lines were beneath a caricature called _The Motion_, described by
+Horace Walpole in his letter of March 25, 1741, and said by Mr.
+Cunningham to be 'the earliest good political caricature that we
+possess.' Walpole's _Letters_, i. 66. Mr. Croker says that 'the exact
+words are:--
+
+     bony? O he be de great orator Little-Tony.'
+
+[776] See _ante_, ii. 213.
+
+[777] In 1673 Burnet, who was then Professor of Theology in Glasgow,
+dedicated to Lauderdale _A Vindication of the Authority, &c., of the
+Church and State of Scotland_. In it he writes of the Duke's 'noble
+character, and more lasting and inward characters of his princely mind.'
+
+[778] See _ante_, i. 450.
+
+[779] See _ante_, p. 250.
+
+[780] 'Others have considered infinite space as the receptacle, or
+rather the habitation of the Almighty; but the noblest and most exalted
+way of considering this infinite space, is that of Sir Isaac Newton, who
+calls it the _sensorium_ of the Godhead. Brutes and men have their
+_sensoriola_, or little _sensoriums_, by which they apprehend the
+presence, and perceive the actions, of a few objects that lie contiguous
+to them. Their knowledge and observation turn within a very narrow
+circle. But as God Almighty cannot but perceive and know everything in
+which he resides, infinite space gives room to infinite knowledge, and
+is, as it were, an organ to Omniscience.' Addison, _The Spectator_,
+No. 565.
+
+[781] 'Le célèbre philosophe Leibnitz ... attaqua ces expressions du
+philosophe anglais, dans une lettre qu'il écrivit en 1715 à la feue
+reine d'Angleterre, épouse de George II. Cette princesse, digne d'être
+en commerce avec Leibnitz et Newton, engagea une dispute reglée par
+lettres entre les deux parties. Mais Newton, ennemi de toute dispute et
+avare de son temps, laissa le docteur Clarke, son disciple en physique,
+et pour le moins son égal en métaphysique, entrer pour lui dans la lice.
+La dispute roula sur presque toutes les idées métaphysiques de Newton,
+et c'est peut-être le plus beau monument que nous ayons des combats
+littéraires.' Voltaire's _Works_, ed. 1819, xxviii. 44.
+
+[782] See _ante_, iii. 248.
+
+[783] See _ante_, iv. 295, where Boswell asked Johnson 'if he would not
+have done more good if he had been more gentle.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; I
+have done more good as I am. Obscenity and impiety have always been
+repressed in my company.'
+
+[784] 'Mr. Maclean has the reputation of great learning: he is
+seventy-seven years old, but not infirm, with a look of venerable
+dignity, excelling what I remember in any other man. His conversation
+was not unsuitable to his appearance. I lost some of his good will by
+treating a heretical writer with more regard than in his opinion a
+heretick could deserve. I honoured his orthodoxy, and did not much
+censure his asperity. A man who has settled his opinions does not love
+to have the tranquillity of his conviction disturbed; and at
+seventy-seven it is time to be in earnest.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 118.
+
+[785] 'Mr. Maclean has no publick edifice for the exercise of his
+ministry, and can officiate to no greater number than a room can
+contain; and the room of a hut is not very large... The want of churches
+is not the only impediment to piety; there is likewise a want of
+ministers. A parish often contains more islands than one... All the
+provision made by the present ecclesiastical constitution for the
+inhabitants of about a hundred square miles is a prayer and sermon in a
+little room once in three weeks.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 118.
+
+[786]
+
+     'Our Polly is a sad slut, nor heeds
+        what we have taught her.
+      I wonder any man alive will
+        ever rear a daughter.
+      For she must have both hoods
+        and gowns, and hoops to
+        swell her pride,
+      With scarfs and stays, and
+        gloves and lace; and she
+        will have men beside;
+      And when she's drest with care
+        and cost, all-tempting, fine and gay,
+      As men should serve a cucumber,
+        she flings herself away.'
+
+Air vii.
+
+[787] See _ante_, p. 162.
+
+[788] In 1715.
+
+[789]
+
+     'When Ajax strives some rock's vast weight to throw,
+      The line too labours, and the words move slow.'
+
+Pope, _Essay on Criticism_, l. 370.
+
+[790] Johnson's remark on these stones is curious as shewing that he had
+not even a glimpse of the discoveries to be made by geology. After
+saying that 'no account can be given' of the position of one of the
+stones, he continues:--'There are so many important things of which
+human knowledge can give no account, that it may be forgiven us if we
+speculate no longer on two stones in Col.' _Works_, ix. 122. See _ante_,
+ii. 468, for his censure of Brydone's 'anti-mosaical remark.'
+
+[791]
+
+     'Malo me Galatea petit, lasciva puella.'
+     'My Phillis me with pelted apples plies.'
+
+DRYDEN. Virgil, _Eclogues_, iii. 64.
+
+[792]
+
+     'The helpless traveller, with wild surprise,
+      Sees the dry desert all around him rise,
+      And smother'd in the dusty whirlwind dies.'
+
+_Cato_ act ii. sc. 6.
+
+[793] Johnson seems unwilling to believe this. 'I am not of opinion that
+by any surveys or land-marks its [the sand's] limits have been ever
+fixed, or its progression ascertained. If one man has confidence enough
+to say that it advances, nobody can bring any proof to support him in
+denying it.' _Works_, ix. 122. He had seen land in like manner laid
+waste north of Aberdeen; where 'the owner, when he was required to pay
+the usual tax, desired rather to resign the ground.' _Ib_. p. 15.
+
+[794] _Box_, in this sense, is not in Johnson's _Dictionary_.
+
+[795] See _ante_, ii. 100, and iv. 274.
+
+[796] In the original, _Rich windows. A Long Story_, l. 7.
+
+[797] 'And this according to the philosophers is happiness.' Boswell
+says of Crabbe's poem _The Village_, that 'its sentiments as to the
+false notions of rustick happiness and rustick virtue were quite
+congenial with Johnson's own.' _Ante_, iv. 175.
+
+[798] 'This innovation was considered by Mr. Macsweyn as the idle
+project of a young head, heated with English fancies; but he has now
+found that turnips will really grow, and that hungry sheep and cows will
+really eat them.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 121. 'The young laird is heir,
+perhaps, to 300 square miles of land, which, at ten shillings an acre,
+would bring him £96,000 a year. He is desirous of improving the
+agriculture of his country; and, in imitation of the Czar, travelled for
+improvement, and worked with his own hands upon a farm in
+Hertfordshire.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 168.
+
+[799] 'In more fruitful countries the removal of one only makes room for
+the succession of another; but in the Hebrides the loss of an inhabitant
+leaves a lasting vacuity; for nobody born in any other parts of the
+world will choose this country for his residence.' Johnson's
+_Works_, ix. 93.
+
+[800] 'In 1628 Daillé wrote his celebrated book, _De l'usage des Pères_,
+or _Of the Use of the Fathers_. Dr. Fleetwood, Bishop of Ely, said of it
+that he thought the author had pretty sufficiently proved they were of
+_no use_ at all.' Chalmers's _Biog. Dict_. xi. 209.
+
+[801] _Enquiry after Happiness_, by Richard Lucas, D.D., 1685.
+
+[802] _Divine Dialogues_, by Henry More, D.D. See _ante_, ii. 162, note
+I.
+
+[803] By David Gregory, the second of the sixteen professors which the
+family of Gregory gave to the Universities. _Ante_, p. 48.
+
+[804] 'Johnson's landlord and next neighbour in Bolt-court.' _Ante_,
+iii. 141.
+
+[805] 'Cuper's Gardens, near the south bank of the Thames, opposite to
+Somerset House. The gardens were illuminated, and the company
+entertained by a band of music and fireworks; but this, with other
+places of the same kind, has been lately discontinued by an act that has
+reduced the number of these seats of luxury and dissipation.' Dodsley's
+_London and its Environs_, ed. 1761, ii. 209. The Act was the 25th
+George II, for 'preventing robberies and regulating places of public
+entertainment.' _Parl. Hist_. xiv. 1234.
+
+[806] 'Mr. Johnson,' according to Mr. Langton, 'used to laugh at a
+passage in Carte's _Life of the Duke of Ormond,_ where he gravely
+observes "that he was always in full dress when he went to court; too
+many being in the practice of going thither with double lapells."'
+_Boswelliana_, p. 274. The following is the passage:--'No severity of
+weather or condition of health served him for a reason of not observing
+that decorum of dress which he thought a point of respect to persons and
+places. In winter time people were allowed to come to court with
+double-breasted coats, a sort of undress. The duke would never take
+advantage of that indulgence; but let it be never so cold, he always
+came in his proper habit, and indeed the king himself always did the
+same, though too many neglected his example to make use of the liberty
+he was pleased to allow.' Carte's _Life of Ormond_, iv. 693. See _ante_,
+i. 42. It was originally published in _three_ volumes folio in 1735-6.
+
+[807] Seneca's two epigrams on Corsica are quoted in Boswell's
+_Corsica_, first edition, p. 13. Boswell, in one of his _Hypochondriacks
+(London Mag._ 1778, p. 173), says:--'For Seneca I have a double
+reverence, both for his own worth, and because he was the heathen sage
+whom my grandfather constantly studied.'
+
+[808] 'Very near the house of Maclean stands the castle of Col, which
+was the mansion of the Laird till the house was built.... On the wall
+was, not long ago, a stone with an inscription, importing, that if any
+man of the clan of Maclonich shall appear before this castle, though he
+come at midnight, with a man's head in his hand, he shall there find
+safety and protection against all but the king. This is an old Highland
+treaty made upon a very memorable occasion. Maclean, the son of John
+Gerves, who recovered Col, and conquered Barra, had obtained, it is
+said, from James the Second, a grant of the lands of Lochiel, forfeited,
+I suppose, by some offence against the state. Forfeited estates were not
+in those days quietly resigned; Maclean, therefore, went with an armed
+force to seize his new possessions, and, I know not for what reason,
+took his wife with him. The Camerons rose in defence of their chief, and
+a battle was fought at Loch Ness, near the place where Fort Augustus now
+stands, in which Lochiel obtained the victory, and Maclean, with his
+followers, was defeated and destroyed. The lady fell into the hands of
+the conquerors, and, being found pregnant, was placed in the custody of
+Maclonich, one of a tribe or family branched from Cameron, with orders,
+if she brought a boy, to destroy him, if a girl, to spare her.
+Maclonich's wife, who was with child likewise, had a girl about the same
+time at which Lady Maclean brought a boy; and Maclonich, with more
+generosity to his captive than fidelity to his trust, contrived that the
+children should be changed. Maclean, being thus preserved from death, in
+time recovered his original patrimony; and, in gratitude to his friend,
+made his castle a place of refuge to any of the clan that should think
+himself in danger; and, as a proof of reciprocal confidence, Maclean
+took upon himself and his posterity the care of educating the heir of
+Maclonich.' Johnson's _Works,_ ix. 130.
+
+[809] 'Mr. Croker tells us that the great Marquis of Montrose was
+beheaded at Edinburgh in 1650. There is not a forward boy at any school
+in England who does not know that the Marquis was hanged.' Macaulay's
+_Essays_, ed. 1843, i. 357
+
+[810] It is observable that men of the first rank spelt very ill in the
+last century. In the first of these letters I have preserved the
+original spelling. BOSWELL.
+
+[811] See _ante,_ i., 127.
+
+[812] Muir-fowl is grouse. _Ante_ p. 44.
+
+[813] See ante, p. 162, note 1.
+
+[814] 'In Col only two houses pay the window tax; for only two have six
+windows, which, I suppose, are the laird's and Mr. Macsweyn's.'
+Johnson's _Works_, ix. 125. 'The window tax, as it stands at present
+(January 1775)...lays a duty upon every window, which in England
+augments gradually from twopence, the lowest rate upon houses with not
+more than seven windows, to two shillings, the highest rate upon houses
+with twenty-five windows and upwards.' _Wealth of Nations,_ v. 2. 2 .1.
+The tax was first imposed in 1695, as a substitute for hearth money.
+Macaulay's _England,_ ed. 1874, vii. 271. It was abolished in 1851.
+
+[815] Thomas Carlyle was not fourteen when, one 'dark frosty November
+morning,' he set off on foot for the University at Edinburgh--a distance
+of nearly one hundred miles. Froude's _Carlyle_, i. 22.
+
+[816] _Ante_, p. 290.
+
+[817] _Of the Nature and Use of Lots: a Treatise historicall and
+theologicall._ By Thomas Gataker. London, 1619. _The Spirituall Watch,
+or Christ's Generall Watch-word._ By Thomas Gataker. London, 1619.
+
+[818] See _ante_, p. 264.
+
+[819] He visited it with the Thrales on Sept. 22, 1774, when returning
+from his tour to Wales, and with Boswell in 1776 (_ante_, ii. 451).
+
+[820] Mr. Croker says that 'this, no doubt, alludes to Jacob Bryant, the
+secretary or librarian at Blenheim, with whom Johnson had had perhaps
+some coolness now forgotten.' The supposition of the coolness seems
+needless. With so little to go upon, guessing is very hazardous.
+
+[821] Topham Beauclerk, who had married the Duke's sister, after she had
+been divorced for adultery with him from her first husband Viscount
+Bolingbroke. _Ante_, ii. 246, note 1.
+
+[822] See _post_, Dempster's Letter of Feb. 16, 1775.
+
+[823] See _ante_, ii. 340, where Johnson said that 'if he were a
+gentleman of landed property, he would turn out all his tenants who did
+not vote for the candidate whom he supported.'
+
+[824] See _ante_, iii. 378.
+
+[825] 'They have opinions which cannot be ranked with superstition,
+because they regard only natural effects. They expect better crops of
+grain by sowing their seed in the moon's increase. The moon has great
+influence in vulgar philosophy. In my memory it was a precept annually
+given in one of the English almanacks, "to kill hogs when the moon was
+increasing, and the bacon would prove the better in boiling."' Johnson's
+_Works,_ ix. 104. Bacon, in his _Natural History_(No.892) says:--'For
+the increase of moisture, the opinion received is, that seeds will grow
+soonest if they be set in the increase of the moon.'
+
+[826] The question which Johnson asked with such unusual warmth might
+have been answered, 'by sowing the bent, or couch grass.' WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[827] See _ante,_ i. 484.
+
+[828] See _ante_, i. 483.
+
+[829] It is remarkable, that Dr. Johnson should have read this account
+of some of his own peculiar habits, without saying any thing on the
+subject, which I hoped he would have done. BOSWELL. See _ante_, p. 128,
+note 2, and iv. 183, where Boswell 'observed he must have been a bold
+laugher who would have ventured to tell Dr. Johnson of any of his
+peculiarities.'
+
+[830] In this he was very unlike Swift, who, in his youth, when
+travelling in England, 'generally chose to dine with waggoners,
+hostlers, and persons of that rank; and he used to lie at night in
+houses where he found written of the door _Lodgings for a penny_. He
+delighted in scenes of low life.' Lord Orrery's _Swift_, ed. 1752,
+p. 33.
+
+[831] This is from the _Jests of Hierocles._ CROKER.
+
+[832] 'The grave a gay companion shun.' FRANCIS. Horace, 1 _Epis._
+xviii. 89.
+
+[833] Boswell in 1776 found that 'oats were much used as food in Dr.
+Johnson's own town.' _Ante_, ii. 463.
+
+[834] _Ante_, i. 294.
+
+[835] See _ante_, ii. 258.
+
+[836] 'The richness of the round steep green knolls, clothed with copse,
+and glancing with cascades, and a pleasant peep at a small fresh-water
+loch embosomed among them--the view of the bay, surrounded and guarded
+by the island of Colvay--the gliding of two or three vessels in the more
+distant Sound--and the row of the gigantic Ardnamurchan mountains
+closing the scene to the north, almost justify the eulogium of
+Sacheverell, [_post,_ p. 336] who, in 1688, declared the bay of
+Tobermory might equal any prospect in Italy.' Lockhart's _Scott,_
+iv. 338.
+
+[837] 'The saying of the old philosopher who observes, that he who wants
+least is most like the gods who want nothing, was a favourite sentence
+with Dr. Johnson, who, on his own part, required less attendance, sick
+or well, than ever I saw any human creature. Conversation was all he
+required to make him happy.' Piozzi's _Anec._ p. 275.
+
+[838] _Remarks on Several Parts of Italy_ (_ante_, ii. 346). Johnson
+(_Works_, vii. 424) says of these _Travels_:--'Of many parts it is not a
+very severe censure to say that they might have been written at home.'
+He adds that 'the book, though awhile neglected, became in time so much
+the favourite of the publick, that before it was reprinted it rose to
+five times its price.'
+
+[839] See _ante_, iii. 254, and iv. 237.
+
+[840] Johnson (_Works_, viii. 320) says of Pope that 'he had before him
+not only what his own meditation suggested, but what he had found in
+other writers that might be _accomodated_ to his present purpose.'
+Boswell's use of the word is perhaps derived, as Mr. Croker suggests,
+from _accommoder_, in the sense of _dressing up or cooking meats_. This
+word occurs in an amusing story that Boswell tells in one of his
+Hypochondriacks (_London Mag_. 1779, p. 55):--'A friend of mine told me
+that he engaged a French cook for Sir B. Keen, when ambassador in Spain,
+and when he asked the fellow if he had ever dressed any magnificent
+dinners the answer was:--"Monsieur, j'ai accommodé un dîner qui faisait
+trembler toute la France."' Scott, in _Guy Mannering_ (ed. 1860, iii.
+138), describes 'Miss Bertram's solicitude to soothe and _accommodate_
+her parent.' See _ante_, iv. 39, note 1, for '_accommodated_ the
+ladies.' To sum up, we may say with Justice Shallow:--'Accommodated! it
+comes of _accommodo_; very good; a good phrase.' 2 _Henry IV_, act
+iii. sc. 2.
+
+[841] 'Louis Moréri, né en Provence, en 1643. On ne s'attendait pas que
+l'auteur du _Pays d'amour_, et le traducteur de _Rodriguez_, entreprît
+dans sa jeunesse le premier dictionnaire de faits qu'on eût encore vu.
+Ce grand travail lui coûta la vie... Mort en 1680.' Voltaire's _Works_,
+ed. 1819, xvii. 133.
+
+[842] Johnson looked upon _Ana_ as an English word, for he gives it in
+his _Dictionary_.
+
+[843] I take leave to enter my strongest protest against this judgement.
+_Bossuet_ I hold to be one of the first luminaries of religion and
+literature. If there are who do not read him, it is full time they
+should begin. BOSWELL.
+
+[844]
+
+     Just in the gate, and in the jaws of hell,
+     Revengeful cares, and sullen sorrows dwell;
+     And pale diseases, and repining age;
+     Want, fear, and famine's unresisted rage;
+     Here toils and death, and death's half-brother, sleep,
+     Forms  terrible to view their sentry keep.
+
+Dryden, _Aeneid_, vi. 273. BOSWELL. Voltaire, in his Essay _Sur les
+inconvéniens attachés à la Littérature_ (_Works_, xliii. 173),
+says:--'Enfin, après un an de refus et de négociations, votre ouvrage
+s'imprime; c'est alors qu'il faut ou assoupir les _Cerbères_ de la
+littérature ou les faire aboyer en votre faveur.' He therefore carries
+on the resemblance one step further,--
+
+'Cerberus haec ingens latratu regna trifauci Personat.' _Aeneid_, vi.
+417.
+
+[845] It was in 1763 that Boswell made Johnson's acquaintance. _Ante_,
+i. 391.
+
+[846] It is no small satisfaction to me to reflect, that Dr. Johnson
+read this, and, after being apprized of my intention, communicated to
+me, at subsequent periods, many particulars of his life, which probably
+could not otherwise have been preserved. BOSWELL. See _ante_, i. 26.
+
+[847] Though Mull is, as Johnson says, the third island of the Hebrides
+in extent, there was no post there. _Piozzi Letters_, i. 170.
+
+[848] This observation is very just. The time for the Hebrides was too
+late by a month or six weeks. I have heard those who remembered their
+tour express surprise they were not drowned. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[849] _ The Charmer, a Collection of Songs Scotch and English._
+Edinburgh, 1749.
+
+[850] By Thomas Willis, M.D. It was published in 1672. 'In this work he
+maintains that the soul of brutes is like the vital principle in man,
+that it is corporeal in its nature and perishes with the body. Although
+the book was dedicated to the Archbishop of Canterbury, his orthodoxy, a
+matter that Willis regarded much, was called in question.' Knight's
+_Eng. Cyclo_. vi. 741. Burnet speaks of him as 'Willis, the great
+physician.' _History of his Own Time_, ed. 1818, i. 254. See _Wood's
+Athenae_, iii. 1048.
+
+[851] See _ante_, ii. 409 and iii. 242, where he said:--'Had I learnt to
+fiddle, I should have done nothing else.'
+
+[852] _Ante_, p. 277.
+
+[853] _Ante_, p. 181.
+
+[854] Mr. Langton thinks this must have been the hasty expression of a
+splenetick moment, as he has heard Dr. Johnson speak of Mr. Spence's
+judgment in criticism with so high a degree of respect, as to shew that
+this was not his settled opinion of him. Let me add that, in the preface
+to the _Preceptor_, he recommends Spence's _Essay on Papers Odyssey_,
+and that his admirable _Lives of the English Poets_ are much enriched by
+Spence's Anecdotes of Pope. BOSWELL. For the _Preceptor_ see _ante_, i.
+192, and Johnson's _Works_, v. 240. Johnson, in his _Life of Pope (ib_.
+viii. 274), speaks of Spence as 'a man whose learning was not very
+great, and whose mind was not very powerful. His criticism, however, was
+commonly just; what he thought he thought rightly; and his remarks were
+recommended by his coolness and candour.' See _ante_, iv. 9, 63.
+
+[855] 'She was the only interpreter of Erse poetry that I could ever
+find.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 134. See _ante_, p. 241.
+
+[856] 'After a journey difficult and tedious, over rocks naked and
+valleys untracked, through a country of barrenness and solitude, we
+came, almost in the dark, to the sea-side, weary and dejected, having
+met with nothing but waters falling from the mountains that could raise
+any image of delight.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 170. 'It is natural, in
+traversing this gloom of desolation, to inquire, whether something may
+not be done to give nature a more cheerful face.' Johnson's _Works_,
+ix. 136.
+
+[857] _Ante_, p. 19.
+
+[858] See _ante_, i. 521.
+
+[859] See _ante_, p. 212.
+
+[860] Sir William Blackstone says, in his _Commentaries_, that 'he
+cannot find that ever this custom prevailed in England;' and therefore
+he is of opinion that it could not have given rise to _Borough-English_.
+BOSWELL. 'I cannot learn that ever this custom prevailed in England,
+though it certainly did in Scotland (under the name of _mercketa_ or
+_marcheta_), till abolished by Malcolm III.' _Commentaries_, ed. 1778,
+ii. 83. Sir H. Maine, in his _Early History of Institutions_, p. 222,
+writes:--'Other authors, as Blackstone tells us, explained it ["Borough
+English"] by a supposed right of the Seigneur or lord, now very
+generally regarded as apocryphal, which raised a presumption of the
+eldest son's illegitimacy.'
+
+[861] 'Macquarry was used to demand a sheep, for which he now takes a
+crown, by that inattention to the uncertain proportion between the value
+and the denomination of money, which has brought much disorder into
+Europe. A sheep has always the same power of supplying human wants, but
+a crown will bring, at one time more, at another less'. Johnson's
+_Works_, ix. 139.
+
+[862] 'The house and the furniture are not always nicely suited. We were
+driven once, by missing a passage, to the hut of a gentleman, where,
+after a very liberal supper, when I was conducted to my chamber, I found
+an elegant bed of Indian cotton, spread with fine sheets. The
+accommodation was flattering; I undressed myself, and felt my feet in
+the mire. The bed stood upon the bare earth, which a long course of rain
+had softened to a puddle.' _Works_, ix. 98.
+
+[863] Inchkenneth is a most beautiful little islet, of the most verdant
+green, while all the neighbouring shore of Greban, as well as the large
+islands of Colinsay and Ulva, are as black as heath and moss can make
+them. But Ulva has a good anchorage, and Inchkenneth is surrounded by
+shoals. It is now uninhabited. The ruins of the huts, in which Dr.
+Johnson was received by Sir Allan M'Lean, were still to be seen, and
+some tatters of the paper hangings were to be seen on the walls. Sir G.
+O. Paul was at Inchkenneth with the same party of which I was a member.
+[See Lockhart's _Scott_, ed. 1839, iii. 285.] He seemed to suspect many
+of the Highland tales which he heard, but he showed most incredulity on
+the subject of Johnson's having been entertained in the wretched huts of
+which we saw the ruins. He took me aside, and conjured me to tell him
+the truth of the matter. 'This Sir Allan,' said he, 'was he a _regular
+baronet_, or was his title such a traditional one as you find in
+Ireland?' I assured my excellent acquaintance that, 'for my own part, I
+would have paid more respect to a knight of Kerry, or knight of Glynn;
+yet Sir Allan M'Lean was a _regular baronet_ by patent;' and, having
+giving him this information, I took the liberty of asking him, in
+return, whether he would not in conscience prefer the worst cell in the
+jail at Gloucester (which he had been very active in overlooking while
+the building was going on) to those exposed hovels where Johnson had
+been entertained by rank and beauty. He looked round the little islet,
+and allowed Sir Allan had some advantage in exercising ground; but in
+other respects he thought the compulsory tenants of Gloucester had
+greatly the advantage. Such was his opinion of a place, concerning which
+Johnson has recorded that 'it wanted little which palaces could afford.'
+WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[864] 'Sir Allan's affairs are in disorder by the fault of his
+ancestors, and while he forms some scheme for retrieving them he has
+retreated hither.' _Piozzi Letters_ i. 172.
+
+[865] By Francis Gastrell, Bishop of Chester, published in 1707.
+
+[866] _Travels through different cities of Germany, &c.,_, by Alexander
+Drummond. Horace Walpole, on April 24, 1754 (_Letters_, ii. 381),
+mentions 'a very foolish vulgar book of travels, lately published by one
+Drummond, consul at Aleppo.'
+
+[867] _ Physico-Theology; or a Demonstration of the Being and Attributes
+of God from his Works of Creation._ By William Derham, D.D., 1713.
+Voltaire, in _Micromégas,_ ch. I, speaking of 'l'illustre vicaire
+Derham' says:--'Malheureusement, lui et ses imitateurs se trompent
+souvent dans l'exposition de ces merveilles; ils s'extasient sur la
+sagesse qui se montre dans l'ordre d'un phénomène et on découvre que ce
+phénomène est tout différent de ce qu'ils ont supposé; alors c'est ce
+nouvel ordre qui leur paraît un chef d'oeuvre de sagesse.'
+
+[868] This work was published in 1774. Johnson said on March 20, 1776
+(_ante_, ii. 447), 'that he believed Campbell's disappointment on
+account of the bad success of that work had killed him.'
+
+[869] Johnson said of Campbell:--'I am afraid he has not been in the
+inside of a church for many years; but he never passes a church without
+pulling off his hat. This shows that he has good principles.' _Ante_,
+i. 418.
+
+[870] _New horse-shoeing Husbandry_, by Jethro Tull, 1733.
+
+[871] 'He owned he sometimes talked for victory.' _Ante_, iv. 111, and
+v. 17.
+
+[872] 'They said that a great family had a _bard_ and a _senachi_, who
+were the poet and historian of the house; and an old gentleman told me
+that he remembered one of each. Here was a dawn of intelligence....
+Another conversation informed me that the same man was both bard and
+senachi. This variation discouraged me.... Soon after I was told by a
+gentleman, who is generally acknowledged the greatest master of
+Hebridian antiquities, that there had, indeed, once been both bards and
+senachies; and that _senachi_ signified _the man of talk_, or of
+conversation; but that neither bard nor senachi had existed for some
+centuries.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 109.
+
+[873] See _ante_, iii. 41, 327
+
+[874] 'Towards evening Sir Allan told us that Sunday never passed over
+him like another day. One of the ladies read, and read very well, the
+evening service;--"and Paradise was opened in the wild."' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 173. The quotation is from Pope's _Eloisa to Abelard_,
+l. 134:--
+
+     'You raised these hallowed walls; the desert smil'd,
+      And Paradise was open'd in the wild.'
+
+
+[875] He sent these verses to Boswell in 1775. _Ante_ ii. 293.
+
+[876] Boswell wrote to Johnson on Feb. 2, 1775, (_ante_, ii. 295):--'Lord
+Hailes bids me tell you he doubts whether--
+
+     "Legitimas faciunt pectora pura preces,"
+
+be according to the rubrick, but that is your concern; for you know, he
+is a Presbyterian.'
+
+[877] In Johnson's _Works_, i. 167, these lines are given with
+amendments and additions, mostly made by Johnson, but some, Mr. Croker
+believes, by Mr. Langton. In the following copy the variations are
+marked in italics.
+
+         INSULA KENNETHI, INTER HEBRIDAS.
+     Parva quidem regio sed religione priorum
+       _Clara_ Caledonias panditur inter aquas.
+     Voce ubi Cennethus populos domuisse feroces
+        Dicitur, et vanos dedocuisse deos.
+     Huc ego delatus placido per caerula cursu,
+       Scire _locus_ volui quid daret _iste_ novi.
+     Illic Leniades humili regnabat in aula,
+       Leniades, magnis nobilitatus avis.
+     Una duas _cepit_ casa cum genitore puellas,
+       Quas Amor undarum _crederet_ esse deas.
+     _Nec_ tamen inculti gelidis latuere sub antris,
+       Accola Danubii qualia saevus habet.
+     Mollia non _desunt_ vacuae solatia vitae
+       Sive libros poscant otia, sive lyram.
+     _Fulserat_ illa dies, legis _qua_ docta supernae
+       Spes hominum _et_ curas _gens_ procul esse jubet.
+     _Ut precibus justas avertat numinis iras,
+       Et summi accendat pectus amore boni._
+     Ponti inter strepitus _non sacri_ munera cultus
+       Cessarunt, pietas hic quoque cura fuit.
+     _Nil opus est oeris sacra de turre sonantis
+       Admonitu, ipsa suas nunciat hora vices._
+     Quid, quod sacrifici versavit foemina libros?
+       _Sint pro legitimis pura labella sacris._
+     Quo vagor ulterius? quod ubique requiritur hic est,
+       Hic secura quies, hic et honestus amor.
+
+Mr. Croker says of the third line from the end, that in a copy of these
+verses in Johnson's own hand which he had seen, 'Johnson had
+first written
+
+     _Sunt pro legitimis pectora pura sacris._
+
+He then wrote
+
+     _Legitimas faciunt pura labella preces._
+
+That line was erased, and the line as it stands in the _Works_ is
+substituted in Mr. Langton's hand, as is also an alteration in the 16th
+line, _velit_ into _jubet_.' _Jubet_ however is in the copy as printed
+by Boswell. Mr. Langton edited some, if not all, of Johnson's Latin
+poems. (_Ante_, iv. 384.)
+
+[878] 'Boswell, who is very pious, went into the chapel at night to
+perform his devotions, but came back in haste for fear of spectres.'
+_Piozzi Letters_, i. 173.
+
+[879] _Ante_ p. 169.
+
+[880] John Gerves, or John the Giant, of whom Dr. Johnson relates a
+curious story; _Works_ ix. 119.
+
+[881] Lord Chatham in the House of Lords, on Nov. 22, 1770, speaking of
+'the honest, industrious tradesman, who holds the middle rank, and has
+given repeated proofs that he prefers law and liberty to gold,' had
+said:--'I love that class of men. Much less would I be thought to
+reflect upon the fair merchant, whose liberal commerce is the prime
+source of national wealth. I esteem his occupation, and respect his
+character.' _Parl. Hist._ xvi. 1107.
+
+[882] See _ante_, iii. 382.
+
+[883] He was born in Nordland in Sweden, in 1736. In 1768 he and Mr.
+Banks accompanied Captain Cook in his first voyage round the world. He
+died in 1782. Knight's _Eng. Cyclo._ v. 578. Miss Burney wrote of him in
+1780:--'My father has very exactly named him, in calling him a
+philosophical gossip.' Mme. D'Arblay's _Diary_, i. 305. Horace Walpole
+the same year, just after the Gordon Riots, wrote (_Letters_, vii.
+403):--'Who is secure against Jack Straw and a whirlwind? How I
+abominate Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander, who routed the poor Otaheitans out
+of the centre of the ocean, and carried our abominable passions amongst
+them! not even that poor little speck could escape European
+restlessness.' See _ante_ ii. 148.
+
+[884] Boswell tells this story again, _ante_, ii. 299. Mrs. Piozzi's
+account (_Anec_. p. 114) is evidently so inaccurate that it does not
+deserve attention; she herself admits that Beauclerk was truthful. In a
+marginal note on Wraxall's _Memoirs_, she says:--'Topham Beauclerk
+(wicked and profligate as he wished to be accounted), was yet a man of
+very strict veracity. Oh Lord! how I did hate that horrid Beauclerk!'
+Hayward's _Piozzi_, i. 348. Johnson testified to 'the correctness of
+Beauclerk's memory and the fidelity of his narrative.' _Ante_, ii. 405.
+
+[885] 'Mr. Maclean of Col, having a very numerous family, has for some
+time past resided at Aberdeen, that he may superintend their education,
+and leaves the young gentleman, our friend, to govern his dominions with
+the full power of a Highland chief.' _Johnson's Works_, ix. 117.
+
+[886] This is not spoken of hare-coursing, where the game is taken or
+lost before the dog gets out of wind; but in chasing deer with the great
+Highland greyhound, Col's exploit is feasible enough. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[887] See _ante_, pp. 45, III, for Monboddo's notion.
+
+[888] Mme. Riccoboni in 1767 wrote to Garrick of the French:--'Un
+mensonge grossier les révolte. Si on voulait leur persuader que les
+Anglais vivent de grenouilles, meurent de faim, que leurs femmes sont
+barbouillées, et jurent par toutes les lettres de l'alphabet, ils
+leveraient les épaules, et s'écriraient, _quel sot ose écrire ces
+misères-là?_ mais à Londres, diantre cela prend!' _Garrick Corres_.
+ii. 524.
+
+[889] Just opposite to M'Quarrie's house the boat was swamped by the
+intoxication of the sailors, who had partaken too largely of M'Quarrie's
+wonted hospitality. WALTER SCOTT. Johnson wrote from Lichfield on June
+13, 1775;--'There is great lamentation here for the death of Col. Lucy
+[Miss Porter] is of opinion that he was wonderfully handsome.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 235. See ante, ii. 287.
+
+[890] Iona.
+
+[891] See _ante_, p. 237.
+
+[892] See _ante_, 111. 229.
+
+[893] Sir James Mackintosh says (_Life_, ii. 257):--'Dr. Johnson visited
+Iona without looking at Staffa, which lay in sight, with that
+indifference to natural objects, either of taste or scientific
+curiosity, which characterised him.' This is a fair enough sample of
+much of the criticism under which Johnson's reputation has suffered.
+
+[894] Smollett in _Humphry Clinker_ (Letter of Sept. 3) describes a
+Highland funeral. 'Our entertainer seemed to think it a disparagement to
+his family that not above a hundred gallons of whisky had been drunk
+upon such a solemn occasion.
+
+[895] 'We then entered the boat again; the night came upon us; the wind
+rose; the sea swelled; and Boswell desired to be set on dry ground: we,
+however, pursued our navigation, and passed by several little islands in
+the silent solemnity of faint moon-shine, seeing little, and hearing
+only the wind and water.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 176.
+
+[896] Cicero _De Finibus_, ii. 32.
+
+[897] I have lately observed that this thought has been elegantly
+expressed by Cowley:--
+
+     'Things which offend when present, and affright,
+      In  memory, well painted, move delight.'
+
+BOSWELL.
+
+The lines are found in the _Ode upon His Majesty's Restoration and
+Return_, stanza 12. They may have been suggested by Virgil's lines--
+
+     'Revocate animos, maestumque timorem
+      Mittite; forsan et haec olim meminisse juvabit.'
+
+Aeneid, i. 202.
+
+[898] Had our Tour produced nothing else but this sublime passage, the
+world must have acknowledged that it was not made in vain. The present
+respectable President of the Royal Society was so much struck on reading
+it, that he clasped his hands together, and remained for some time in an
+attitude of silent admiration, BOSWELL. Boswell again quotes this
+passage (which is found in Johnson's _Works_, ix. 145), _ante_, iii.
+173. The President was Sir Joseph Banks, Johnson says in _Rasselas_, ch.
+xi:--'That the supreme being may be more easily propitiated in one place
+than in another is the dream of idle superstition; but that some places
+may operate upon our own minds in an uncommon manner is an opinion which
+hourly experience will justify. He who supposes that his vices may be
+more successfully combated in Palestine will, perhaps, find himself
+mistaken, yet he may go thither without folly; he who thinks they will
+be more freely pardoned dishonours at once his reason and religion.'
+
+[899] 'Sir Allan went to the headman of the island, whom fame, but fame
+delights in amplifying, represents as worth no less than fifty pounds.
+He was, perhaps, proud enough of his guests, but ill prepared for our
+entertainment; however he soon produced more provision than men not
+luxurious require.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 146.
+
+[900] _An Account of the Isle of Man. With a voyage to I-Columb-Kill_.
+By W. Sacheverell, Esq., late Governour of Man. 1702.
+
+[901] 'He that surveys it [the church-yard] attended by an insular
+antiquary may be told where the kings of many nations are buried, and if
+he loves to soothe his imagination with the thoughts that naturally rise
+in places where the great and the powerful lie mingled with the dust,
+let him listen in submissive silence; for if he asks any questions his
+delight is at an end.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 148.
+
+[902] On quitting the island Johnson wrote: 'We now left those
+illustrious ruins, by which Mr. Boswell was much affected, nor would I
+willingly be thought to have looked upon them without some emotion.'
+_Ib_. p. 150.
+
+[903] Psalm xc. 4.
+
+[904] Boswell wrote on Nov. 9, 1767:--'I am always for fixing some
+period for my perfection as far as possible. Let it be when my account
+of Corsica is published; I shall then have a character which I must
+support.' _Letters of Boswell_, p. 122. Five weeks later he wrote:--'I
+have been as wild as ever;' and then comes a passage which the Editor
+has thought it needful to suppress. _Ib_.p.128.
+
+[905] Boswell here speaks as an Englishman. He should have written '_a_
+M'Ginnis.' See _ante_, p. 135, note 3.
+
+[906] 'The fruitfulness of Iona is now its whole prosperity. The
+inhabitants are remarkably gross, and remarkably neglected; I know not
+if they are visited by any minister. The island, which was once the
+metropolis of learning and piety, has now no school for education, nor
+temple for worship, only two inhabitants that can speak English, and not
+one that can write or read.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 149. Scott, who
+visited it in 1810, writes:--'There are many monuments of singular
+curiosity, forming a strange contrast to the squalid and dejected
+poverty of the present inhabitants.' Lockhart's _Scott_, ed. 1839, iii.
+285. In 1814, on a second visit, he writes:--'Iona, the last time I saw
+it, seemed to me to contain the most wretched people I had anywhere
+seen. But either they have got better since I was here, or my eyes,
+familiarized with the wretchedness of Zetland and the Harris, are less
+shocked with that of Iona.' He found a schoolmaster there. _Ib_.
+iv. 324.
+
+[907] Johnson's Jacobite friend, Dr. King (_ante_, i. 279), says of
+Pulteney, on his being made Earl of Bath:--'He deserted the cause of
+his country; he betrayed his friends and adherents; he ruined his
+character, and from a most glorious eminence sunk down to a degree of
+contempt. The first time Sir Robert (who was now Earl of Orford) met him
+in the House of Lords, he threw out this reproach:--"My Lord Bath, you
+and I are now two as insignificant men as any in England." In which he
+spoke the truth of my Lord Bath, but not of himself. For my Lord Orford
+was consulted by the ministers to the last day of his life.' King's
+_Anec_. p. 43.
+
+[908] See _ante_, i. 431, and iii. 326.
+
+[909] 'Sir Robert Walpole detested war. This made Dr. Johnson say of
+him, "He was the best minister this country ever had, as, if _we_ would
+have let him (he speaks of his own violent faction), he would have kept
+the country in perpetual peace."' Seward's _Biographiana_, p. 554. See
+_ante_, i. 131.
+
+[910] See _ante_, iii. Appendix C.
+
+[911] I think it incumbent on me to make some observation on this strong
+satirical sally on my classical companion, Mr. Wilkes. Reporting it
+lately from memory, in his presence, I expressed it thus:--'They knew he
+would rob their shops, _if he durst;_ they knew he would debauch their
+daughters, _if he could;_' which, according to the French phrase, may be
+said _renchérir_ on Dr. Johnson; but on looking into my Journal, I found
+it as above, and would by no means make any addition. Mr. Wilkes
+received both readings with a good humour that I cannot enough admire.
+Indeed both he and I (as, with respect to myself, the reader has more
+than once had occasion to observe in the course of this Journal,) are
+too fond of a _bon mot_, not to relish it, though we should be ourselves
+the object of it.
+
+Let me add, in justice to the gentleman here mentioned, that at a
+subsequent period, he _was_ elected chief magistrate of London [in
+1774], and discharged the duties of that high office with great honour
+to himself, and advantage to the city. Some years before Dr. Johnson
+died, I was fortunate enough to bring him and Mr. Wilkes together; the
+consequence of which was, that they were ever afterwards on easy and not
+unfriendly terms. The particulars I shall have great pleasure in
+relating at large in my _Life of Dr. Johnson_. BOSWELL. In the copy of
+Boswell's _Letter to the People of Scotland_ in the British Museum is
+entered in Boswell's own hand--
+
+     'Comes jucundus in via pro vehiculo est.
+
+To John Wilkes, Esq.: as pleasant a companion as ever lived. From the
+Author.
+
+             --will my Wilkes retreat,
+     And see, once seen before, that ancient seat, etc.'
+
+See _ante_, iii. 64, 183; iv. 101, 224, note 2.
+
+[912] See _ante_, iv. 199.
+
+[913] Our afternoon journey was through a country of such gloomy
+desolation that Mr. Boswell thought no part of the Highlands equally
+terrifick.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 150.
+
+[914] Johnson describes Lochbuy as 'a true Highland laird, rough and
+haughty, and tenacious of his dignity: who, hearing my name, inquired
+whether I was of the Johnstons of Glencoe (_sic_) or of Ardnamurchan.'
+_Ib_.
+
+[915] Boswell totally misapprehended _Lochbuy's_ meaning. There are two
+septs of the powerful clan of M'Donaid, who are called Mac-Ian, that is
+_John's-son_; and as Highlanders often translate their names when they
+go to the Lowlands,--as Gregor-son for Mac-Gregor, Farquhar-son for
+Mac-Farquhar,--_Lochbuy_ supposed that Dr. Johnson might be one of the
+Mac-Ians of Ardnamurchan, or of Glencro. Boswell's explanation was
+nothing to the purpose. The _Johnstons_ are a clan distinguished in
+Scottish _border_ history, and as brave as any _Highland_ clan that ever
+wore brogues; but they lay entirely out of _Lochbuy's_ knowledge--nor
+was he thinking of _them_. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[916] This maxim, however, has been controverted. See Blackstone's
+_Commentaries_, vol. ii. p. 291; and the authorities there quoted.
+BOSWELL. 'Blackstone says:--From these loose authorities, which
+Fitzherbert does not hesitate to reject as being contrary to reason, the
+maxim that a man shall not stultify himself hath been handed down as
+settled law; though later opinions, feeling the inconvenience of the
+rule, have in many points endeavoured to restrain it.' _Ib_. p. 292.
+
+[917] Begging pardon of the Doctor and his conductor, I have often seen
+and partaken of cold sheep's head at as good breakfast-tables as ever
+they sat at. This protest is something in the manner of the late
+Culrossie, who fought a duel for the honour of Aberdeen butter. I have
+passed over all the Doctor's other reproaches upon Scotland, but the
+sheep's head I will defend _totis viribus_. Dr. Johnson himself must
+have forgiven my zeal on this occasion; for if, as he says, _dinner_ be
+the thing of which a man thinks _oftenest during the day, breakfast_
+must be that of which he thinks _first in the morning_. WALTER SCOTT. I
+do not know where Johnson says this. Perhaps Scott was thinking of a
+passage in Mrs. Piozzi's _Anec_. p. 149, where she writes that he said:
+'A man seldom thinks with more earnestness of any thing than he does of
+his dinner.'
+
+[918] A horrible place it was. Johnson describes it (_Works_, ix. 152)
+as 'a deep subterraneous cavity, walled on the sides, and arched on the
+top, into which the descent is through a narrow door, by a ladder or
+a rope.'
+
+[919] See _ante_, p. 177.
+
+[920] Sir Allan M'Lean, like many Highland chiefs, was embarrassed in
+his private affairs, and exposed to unpleasant solicitations from
+attorneys, called, in Scotland, _writers_ (which indeed was the chief
+motive of his retiring to Inchkenneth). Upon one occasion he made a
+visit to a friend, then residing at Carron lodge, on the banks of the
+Carron, where the banks of that river are studded with pretty villas:
+Sir Allan, admiring the landscape, asked his friend, whom that handsome
+seat belonged to. 'M---, the writer to the signet,' was the reply.
+'Umph!' said Sir Allan, but not with an accent of assent, 'I mean that
+other house.' 'Oh ! that belongs to a very honest fellow Jamie---, also
+a writer to the signet.' 'Umph!' said the Highland chief of M'Lean with
+more emphasis than before, 'And yon smaller house?' 'That belongs to a
+Stirling man; I forget his name, but I am sure he is a writer too;
+for---.' Sir Allan who had recoiled a quarter of a circle backward at
+every response, now wheeled the circle entire and turned his back on the
+landscape, saying, 'My good friend, I must own you have a pretty
+situation here; but d--n your neighbourhood.' WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[921] Loch Awe.
+
+[922] 'Pope's talent lay remarkably in what one may naturally enough
+term the condensation of thoughts. I think no other English poet ever
+brought so much sense into the same number of lines with equal
+smoothness, ease, and poetical beauty. Let him who doubts of this peruse
+his _Essay on Man_ with attention.' Shenstone's _Essays on Men and
+Manners. [Works_, 4th edit. ii. 159.] 'He [Gray] approved an observation
+of Shenstone, that "Pope had the art of condensing a thought."'
+Nicholls' _Reminiscences of Gray_, p. 37. And Swift [in his _Lines on
+the death of Dr. Swift_], himself a great condenser, says--
+
+     'In Pope I cannot read a line
+      But with a sigh I wish it mine;
+      When he can in one couplet fix
+      More sense than I can do in six.'
+
+P. CUNNINGHAM.
+
+[923] He is described by Walpole in his _Letters_, viii. 5.
+
+[924] 'The night came on while we had yet a great part of the way to go,
+though not so dark but that we could discern the cataracts which poured
+down the hills on one side, and fell into one general channel, that ran
+with great violence on the other. The wind was loud, the rain was heavy,
+and the whistling of the blast, the fall of the shower, the rush of the
+cataracts, and the roar of the torrent, made a nobler chorus of the
+rough musick of nature than it had ever been my chance to hear before.'
+Johnson's _Works_, ix. 155. He wrote to Mrs. Thrale:--'All the rougher
+powers of nature except thunder were in motion, but there was no danger.
+I should have been sorry to have missed any of the inconveniencies, to
+have had more light or less rain, for their co-operation crowded the
+scene and filled the mind.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 177.
+
+[925] I never tasted whiskey except once for experiment at the inn in
+Inverary, when I thought it preferable to any English malt brandy. It
+was strong, but not pungent, and was free from the empyreumatick taste
+or smell. What was the process I had no opportunity of inquiring, nor do
+I wish to improve the art of making poison pleasant.' Johnson's _Works_,
+ix. 52. Smollett, medical man though he was, looked upon whisky as
+anything but poison. 'I am told that it is given with great success to
+infants, as a cordial in the confluent small-pox.' _Humphry Clinker_.
+Letter of Sept. 3.
+
+[926] _Regale_ in this sense is not in Johnson's _Dictionary_. It was,
+however, a favourite word at this time. Thus, Mrs. Piozzi, in her
+_Journey through France_, ii. 297, says:--'A large dish of hot chocolate
+thickened with bread and cream is a common afternoon's regale here.'
+Miss Burney often uses the word.
+
+[927] Boswell, in answering Garrick's letter seven months later,
+improved on this comparison. 'It was,' he writes, 'a pine-apple of the
+finest flavour, which had a high zest indeed among the heath-covered
+mountains of Scotia.' _Garrick Corres_. i. 621.
+
+[928] See _ante_, p. 115.
+
+[929] See _ante_, i. 97.
+
+[930] 'Though Birnam wood be come to Dunsinane.' _Macbeth_, act v. sc.
+8.
+
+[931]
+
+     'From his first entrance to the closing scene
+      Let him one equal character maintain.'
+
+FRANCIS. Horace, _Ars Poet._ l. 126.
+
+[932] I took the liberty of giving this familiar appellation to my
+celebrated friend, to bring in a more lively manner to his remembrance
+the period when he was Dr. Johnson's pupil. BOSWELL.
+
+[933] See _ante_, p. 129.
+
+[934] Boswell is here quoting the Preface to the third edition of his
+_Corsica_:--'Whatever clouds may overcast my days, I can now walk here
+among the rocks and woods of my ancestors, with an agreeable
+consciousness that I have done something worthy.'
+
+[935] See _ante_, i. 148, and _post_, Nov. 21.
+
+[936] I have suppressed my friend's name from an apprehension of
+wounding his sensibility; but I would not withhold from my readers a
+passage which shews Mr. Garrick's mode of writing as the Manager of a
+Theatre, and contains a pleasing trait of his domestick life. His
+judgment of dramatick pieces, so far as concerns their exhibition on the
+stage, must be allowed to have considerable weight. But from the effect
+which a perusal of the tragedy here condemned had upon myself, and from
+the opinions of some eminent criticks, I venture to pronounce that it
+has much poetical merit; and its authour has distinguished himself by
+several performances which shew that the epithet _poetaster_ was, in the
+present instance, much misapplied. BOSWELL. Johnson mentioned this
+quarrel between Garrick and the poet on March 25, 1773 (_Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 80). 'M---- is preparing a whole pamphlet against G----,
+and G---- is, I suppose, collecting materials to confute M----.' M----
+was Mickle, the translator of the _Lusiad_ and author of the _Ballad of
+Cumnor Hall_ (_ante_, ii. 182). Had it not been for this 'poetaster,'
+_Kenilworth_ might never have been written. Scott, in the preface, tells
+how 'the first stanza of _Cunmor Hall_ had a peculiar species of
+enchantment for his youthful ear, the force of which is not even now
+entirely spent.' The play that was refused was the _Siege of
+Marseilles_. Ever since the success of Hughes's _Siege of Damascus_ 'a
+siege had become a popular title' (_ante_, iii. 259, note 1).
+
+[937] She could only have been away for the day; for in 1776 Garrick
+wrote:--'As I have not left Mrs. Garrick one day since we were married,
+near twenty-eight years, I cannot now leave her.' _Garrick Corres_.
+ii. 150.
+
+[938] Dr. Morell once entered the school-room at Winchester College, 'in
+which some junior boys were writing their exercises, one of whom, struck
+no less with his air and manner than with the questions he put to them,
+whispered to his school-fellows, "Is he not a fine old Grecian?" The
+Doctor, overhearing this, turned hastily round and exclaimed, "I am
+indeed an old Grecian, my little man. Did you never see my head before
+my Thesaurus?"' The Praepostors, learning the dignity of their visitor,
+in a most respectful manner showed him the College. Wooll's _Life of Dr.
+Warton_, p. 329. Mason writing to Horace Walpole about some odes,
+says:--'They are so lopped and mangled, that they are worse now than the
+productions of Handel's poet, Dr. Morell.' Walpole's _Letters_, v. 420.
+Morell compiled the words for Handel's _Oratorios_.
+
+[939] _Ante_, i. 148.
+
+[940] I doubt whether any other instance can be found of _love_ being
+sent to Johnson.
+
+[941] The passage begins:--'A _servant_ or two from a revering distance
+cast many a wishful look, and condole their honoured master in the
+language of sighs.' Hervey's _Meditations_, ed. 1748, i. 40.
+
+[942] _Ib_. ii. 84.
+
+[943] The _Meditation_ was perhaps partly suggested by Swift's
+_Meditation upon a Broomstick_. Swift's _Works_ (1803), iii. 275.
+
+[944] Thomas Burnet of the Charterhouse, in his _Sacred Theory of the
+Earth_, ed. 1722, i. 85.
+
+[945] See _ante_, i. 476, and ii. 73.
+
+[946] Elizabeth Gunning, celebrated (like her sister, Lady Coventry) for
+her personal charms, had been previously Duchess of Hamilton, and was
+mother of Douglas, Duke of Hamilton, the competitor for the Douglas
+property with the late Lord Douglas: she was, of course, prejudiced
+against Boswell, who had shewn all the bustling importance of his
+character in the Douglas cause, and it was said, I know not on what
+authority, that he headed the mob which broke the windows of some of the
+judges, and of Lord Auchinleck, his father, in particular. WALTER SCOTT.
+See _ante_, ii. 50.
+
+[947] See _ante_, i. 408, and ii. 329.
+
+[948] She married the Earl of Derby, and was the great-grandmother of
+the present Earl. Burke's _Peerage_.
+
+[949] See _ante_, iv. 248.
+
+[950] Lord Macaulay's grandfather, Trevelyan's _Macaulay_, i. 6.
+
+[951] See _ante_, p. 118.
+
+[952] On reflection, at the distance of several years, I wonder that my
+venerable fellow-traveller should have read this passage without
+censuring my levity. BOSWELL.
+
+[953] _Ante_, p. 151.
+
+[954] See _ante_, i. 240.
+
+[955] As this book is now become very scarce, I shall subjoin the title,
+which is curious:--The Doctrines of a Middle State between Death and
+the Resurrection: Of Prayers for the Dead: And the Necessity of
+Purification; plainly proved from the holy Scriptures, and the Writings
+of the Fathers of the Primitive Church: and acknowledged by several
+learned Fathers and Great Divines of the Church of England and others
+since the Reformation. To which is added, an Appendix concerning the
+Descent of the Soul of Christ into Hell, while his Body lay in the
+Grave. Together with the Judgment of the Reverend Dr. Hickes concerning
+this Book, so far as relates to a Middle State, particular Judgment, and
+Prayers for the Dead as it appeared in the first Edition. 'And a
+Manuscript of the Right Reverend Bishop Overall upon the Subject of a
+Middle State, and never before printed. Also, a Preservative against
+several of the Errors of the Roman Church, in six small Treatises. By
+the Honourable Archibald Campbell. Folio, 1721. BOSWELL.
+
+[956] The release gained for him by Lord Townshend must have been from
+his last imprisonment after the accession of George I; for, as Mr.
+Croker points out, Townshend was not Secretary of State till 1714.
+
+[957] See _ante_, iv. 286.
+
+[958] He was the grandson of the first Marquis, who was beheaded by
+Charles II in 1661, and nephew of the ninth Earl, who was beheaded by
+James II in 1685. Burke's _Peerage_. He died on June 15, 1744, according
+to the _Gent. Mag._ xiv. 339; where he is described as 'the consecrated
+Archbishop of St. Andrews.' See _ante_, ii. 216.
+
+[959] George Hickes, 1642-1715. A non-juror, consecrated in 1693
+suffragan bishop of Thetford by three of the deprived non-juror bishops.
+Chalmers's _Biog. Dict._ xvii. 450. Burnet (_Hist. of his own Time_, iv.
+303) describes him as 'an ill-tempered man, who was now [1712] at the
+head of the Jacobite party, and who had in several books promoted a
+notion, that there was a proper sacrifice made in the Eucharist.'
+Boswell mentions him, _ante_, iv. 287.
+
+[960] See _ante_, ii. 458.
+
+[961] This must be a mistake for _He died_.
+
+[962] 'It is generally supposed that life is longer in places where
+there are few opportunities of luxury; but I found no instance here of
+extraordinary longevity. A cottager grows old over his oaten cakes like
+a citizen at a turtle feast. He is, indeed, seldom incommoded by
+corpulence, Poverty preserves him from sinking under the burden of
+himself, but he escapes no other injury of time.' Johnson's Works,
+ix. 81.
+
+[963] Lady Lucy Graham, daughter of the second Duke of Montrose, and
+wife of Mr. Douglas, the successful claimant: she died in 1780, whence
+Boswell calls her '_poor_ Lady Lucy.' CROKER
+
+[964] Her first husband was the sixth Duke of Hamilton and Brandon. On
+his death she refused the Duke of Bridgewater. She was the mother of
+four dukes--two of Hamilton and two of Argyle. Her sister married the
+Earl of Coventry. Walpole's _Letters_, ii. 259, note. Walpole, writing
+on Oct. 9, 1791, says that their story was amazing. 'The two beautiful
+sisters were going on the stage, when they were at once exalted almost
+as high as they could be, were Countessed and double-Duchessed.' _Ib_.
+ix. 358. Their maiden name was Gunning. The Duchess of Argyle was alive
+when Boswell published his _Journal_.
+
+[965] See _ante_, iv. 397, and v. 210. It was Lord Macaulay's
+grandfather who was thus reprimanded. Mr. Trevelyan remarks (_Life of
+Macaulay_, i. 7), 'When we think what well-known ground this [subject]
+was to Lord Macaulay, it is impossible to suppress a wish that the great
+talker had been at hand to avenge his grandfather.' The result might
+well have been, however, that the great talker would have been reduced
+to silence--one of those brilliant flashes of silence for which Sydney
+Smith longed, but longed in vain.
+
+[966] See _ante_, ii. 264, note 2.
+
+[967] See _ante_, iv. 8, for his use of 'O brave!'
+
+[968] Having mentioned, more than once, that my _Journal_ was perused by
+Dr. Johnson, I think it proper to inform my readers that this is the
+last paragraph which he read. BOSWELL. He began to read it on August 18
+(_ante_, p. 58, note 2).
+
+[969] See _ante_, ii. 320.
+
+[970] Act i. sc. 1. The best known passage in _Douglas_ is the speech
+beginning 'My name is Norval.' Act ii. The play affords a few quotations
+more or less known, as:--
+
+             'I found myself
+     As women wish to be who love their lords.'
+     Act i.
+
+             'He seldom errs
+     Who thinks the worse he can of womankind.'
+     Act iii.
+
+    'Honour, sole judge and umpire of itself.'
+     Act iv.
+
+    'Unknown I die; no tongue shall speak of me.
+     Some noble spirits, judging by themselves,
+     May yet conjecture what I might have proved,
+     And think life only wanting to my fame.'
+     Act v.
+
+    'An honest guardian, arbitrator just
+     Be thou; thy station deem a sacred trust.
+     With thy good sword maintain thy country's cause;
+     In every action venerate its laws:
+     The lie suborn'd if falsely urg'd to swear,
+     Though torture wait thee, torture firmly bear;
+     To forfeit honour, think the highest shame,
+     And life too dearly bought by loss of fame;
+     Nor to preserve it, with thy virtue give
+     That for which only man should wish to live.'
+
+[_Satires_, viii. 79.]
+
+For this and the other translations to which no signature is affixed, I
+am indebted to the friend whose observations are mentioned in the notes,
+pp. 78 and 399. BOSWELL. Sir Walter Scott says, 'probably Dr. Hugh
+Blair.' I have little doubt that it was Malone. 'One of the best
+criticks of our age,' Boswell calls this friend in the other two
+passages. This was a compliment Boswell was likely to pay to Malone, to
+whom he dedicated this book. Malone was a versifier. See Prior's
+_Malone_, p. 463.
+
+[971] I am sorry that I was unlucky in my quotation. But notwithstanding
+the acuteness of Dr. Johnson's criticism, and the power of his ridicule,
+_The Tragedy of Douglas_ sill continues to be generally and deservedly
+admired. BOSWELL. Johnson's scorn was no doubt returned, for Dr. A.
+Carlyle (_Auto._ p. 295) says of Home:--'as John all his life had a
+thorough contempt for such as neglected his poetry, he treated all who
+approved of his works with a partiality which more than approached to
+flattery.' Carlyle tells (pp. 301-305) how Home started for London with
+his tragedy in one pocket of his great coat and his clean shirt and
+night-cap in the other, escorted on setting out by six or seven Merse
+ministers. 'Garrick, after reading his play, returned it as totally
+unfit for the stage.' It was brought out first in Edinburgh, and in the
+year 1757 in Covent Garden, where it had great success. 'This tragedy,'
+wrote Carlyle forty-five years later, 'still maintains its ground, has
+been more frequently acted, and is more popular than any tragedy in the
+English language.' _Ib._ p. 325. Hannah More recorded in 1786
+(_Memoirs_, ii. 22), 'I had a quarrel with Lord Monboddo one night
+lately. He said _Douglas_ was a better play than Shakespeare could have
+written. He was angry and I was pert. Lord Mulgrave sat spiriting me up,
+but kept out of the scrape himself, and Lord Stormont seemed to enjoy
+the debate, but was shabby enough not to help me out.'
+
+[972] See _ante_, ii. 230, note 1.
+
+[973] See _ante_, p. 318.
+
+[974] See _ante_, iii. 54
+
+[975] See _ante_, p. 356.
+
+[976] See _ante_, iii. 241, note 2.
+
+[977] As a remarkable instance of his negligence, I remember some years
+ago to have found lying loose in his study, and without the cover, which
+contained the address, a letter to him from Lord Thurlow, to whom he had
+made an application as Chancellor, in behalf of a poor literary friend.
+It was expressed in such terms of respect for Dr. Johnson, that, in my
+zeal for his reputation, I remonstrated warmly with him on his strange
+inattention, and obtained his permission to take a copy of it; by which
+probably it has been preserved, as the original I have reason to suppose
+is lost. BOSWELL. See _ante_, iii. 441.
+
+[978] 'The islets, which court the gazer at a distance, disgust him at
+his approach, when he finds, instead of soft lawns and shady thickets,
+nothing more than uncultivated ruggedness.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 156.
+
+[979] See _ante_, i. 200, and iv. 179.
+
+[980] In these arguments he says:--'Reason and truth will prevail at
+last. The most learned of the Scottish doctors would now gladly admit a
+form of prayer, if the people would endure it. The zeal or rage of
+congregations has its different degrees. In some parishes the Lord's
+Prayer is suffered: in others it is still rejected as a form; and he
+that should make it part of his supplication would be suspected of
+heretical pravity.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 102. See _ante_, p. 121.
+
+[981] 'A very little above the source of the Leven, on the lake, stands
+the house of Cameron, belonging to Mr. Smollett, so embosomed in an oak
+wood that we did not see it till we were within fifty yards of the
+door.' _Humphry Clinker_, Letter of Aug. 28.
+
+[982] Boswell himself was at times one of 'those absurd visionaries.'
+_Ante_, ii. 73.
+
+[983] See _ante_, p. 117.
+
+[984] Lord Kames wrote one, which is published in Chambers's _Traditions
+of Edinburgh_, ed. 1825, i. 280. In it he bids the traveller to 'indulge
+the hope of a Monumental Pillar.'
+
+[985] See _ante_, iii. 85; and v. 154.
+
+[986] This address does not offend against the rule that Johnson lays
+down in his _Essay on Epitaphs_ (_Works_, v. 263), where he says:--'It
+is improper to address the epitaph to the passenger.' The impropriety
+consists in such an address in a church. He however did break through
+his rule in his epitaph in Streatham Church on Mr. Thrale, where he
+says:--'Abi viator.' _Ib._ i. 154.
+
+[987] In _Humphry Clinker_ (Letter of Aug. 28), which was published a
+few months before Smollett's death, is his _Ode on Leven-Water_.
+
+[988] The epitaph which has been inscribed on the pillar erected on the
+banks of the Leven, in honour of Dr. Smollett, is as follows. The part
+which was written by Dr. Johnson, it appears, has been altered; whether
+for the better, the reader will judge. The alterations are distinguished
+by Italicks.
+
+     Siste viator!
+     Si lepores ingeniique venam benignam,
+     Si morum callidissimum pictorem, Unquam es miratus,
+     Immorare paululum memoriae
+     TOBIAE SMOLLET, M.D.
+     Viri virtutibus _hisce_
+     Quas in homine et cive
+     Et laudes et imiteris,
+     Haud mediocriter ornati:
+     Qui in literis variis versatus,
+     Postquam felicitate _sibi propria_
+     Sese posteris commendaverat,
+     Morte acerba raptus
+     Anno aetatis 51,
+     Eheu: quam procul a patria!
+     Prope Liburni portum in Italia, Jacet sepultres.
+     Tali tantoque viro, patrueli suo, Cui in decursu lampada
+     Se potius tradidisse decuit, Hanc Columnam,
+     Amoris, eheu! inane monumentum In ipsis Leviniae ripis,
+     Quas _versiculis sub exitu vitae illustratas_
+     Primis infans vagitibus personuit, Ponendam curavit
+     JACOBUS SMOLLET de Bonhill. Abi et reminiscere,
+     Hoc quidem honore, Non modo defuncti memoriae,
+     Verum etiam exemplo, prospectum esse;
+     Aliis enim, si modo digni sint,
+     Idem erit virtutis praemium!
+
+     BOSWELL.
+
+
+
+[989] Baretti told Malone that, having proposed to teach Johnson
+Italian, they went over a few stanzas of Ariosto, and Johnson then grew
+weary. 'Some years afterwards Baretti said he would give him another
+lesson, but added, "I suppose you have forgotten what we read before."
+"Who forgets, Sir?" said Johnson, and immediately repeated three or four
+stanzas of the poem.' Baretti took down the book to see if it had been
+lately opened, but the leaves were covered with dust. Prior's _Malone_,
+p. 160. Johnson had learnt to translate Italian before he knew Baretti.
+_Ante_, i. 107, 156. For other instances of his memory, see _ante_, i.
+39, 48; iii. 318, note 1; and iv. 103, note 2.
+
+[990] For sixty-eight days he received no letter--from August 21
+(_ante_, p. 84) to October 28.
+
+[991] Among these professors might possibly have been either Burke or
+Hume had not a Mr. Clow been the successful competitor in 1751 as the
+successor to Adam Smith in the chair of Logic. 'Mr. Clow has acquired a
+curious title to fame, from the greatness of the man to whom he
+succeeded, and of those over whom he was triumphant.' J.H. Burton's
+_Hume_, i. 351.
+
+[992] Dr. Reid, the author of the _Inquiry into the Human Mind_, had in
+1763 succeeded Adam Smith as Professor of Moral Philosophy. Dugald
+Stewart was his pupil the winter before Johnson's visit. Stewart's
+_Reid_, ed. 1802, p. 38.
+
+[993] See _ante_, iv. 186.
+
+[994] Mr. Boswell has chosen to omit, for reasons which will be
+presently obvious, that Johnson and Adam Smith met at Glasgow; but I
+have been assured by Professor John Miller that they did so, and that
+Smith, leaving the party in which he had met Johnson, happened to come
+to another company _where Miller was_. Knowing that Smith had been in
+Johnson's society, they were anxious to know what had passed, and the
+more so as Dr. Smith's temper seemed much ruffled. At first Smith would
+only answer, 'He's a brute--he's a brute;' but on closer examination, it
+appeared that Johnson no sooner saw Smith than he attacked him for some
+point of his famous letter on the death of Hume (_ante_, p. 30). Smith
+vindicated the truth of his statement. 'What did Johnson say?' was the
+universal inquiry. 'Why, he said,' replied Smith, with the deepest
+impression of resentment, 'he said, _you lie!_' 'And what did you
+reply?' 'I said, you are a son of a------!' On such terms did these two
+great moralists meet and part, and such was the classical dialogue
+between two great teachers of philosophy. WALTER SCOTT. This story is
+erroneous in the particulars of the _time, place,_ and _subject_ of the
+alleged quarrel; for Hume did not die for [nearly] three years after
+Johnson's only visit to Glasgow; nor was Smith then there. Johnson,
+previous to 1763 (see _ante_, i. 427, and iii. 331), had an altercation
+with Adam Smith at Mr. Strahan's table. This may have been the
+foundation of Professor Miller's misrepresentation. But, even _then_,
+nothing of this offensive kind could have passed, as, if it had, Smith
+could certainly not have afterwards solicited admission to the Club of
+which Johnson was the leader, to which he was admitted 1st Dec. 1775,
+and where he and Johnson met frequently on civil terms. I, therefore,
+disbelieve the whole story. CROKER.
+
+[995] 'His appearance,' says Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. p. 68), 'was that
+of an ascetic, reduced by fasting and prayer.' See _ante_, p. 68.
+
+[996] See _ante_, ii. 27, 279.
+
+[997] See _ante,_ p. 92.
+
+[998] Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale:--'I was not much pleased with any
+of the Professors.' _Piozzi Letters,_ i. 199. Mme. D'Arblay says:--
+'Whenever Dr. Johnson did not make the charm of conversation he only
+marred it by his presence, from the general fear he incited, that if he
+spoke not, he might listen; and that if he listened, he might reprove.'
+_Memoirs of Dr. Burney,_ ii. 187. See _ante_, ii. 63
+
+[999] Boswell has not let us see this caution. When Robertson first came
+in, 'there began,' we are told, 'some animated dialogue' (_ante,_ p.32).
+The next day we read that 'he fluently harangued to Dr. Johnson'
+(_ante,_ p.43).
+
+[1000] See _ante,_ iii. 366.
+
+[1001] He was Ambassador at Paris in the beginning of the reign of
+George I., and Commander-in-Chief in 1744. Lord Mahon's _England_, ed.
+1836, i. 201 and iii. 275.
+
+[1002] The unwilling gratitude of base mankind. POPE. [_Imitations of
+Horace_, 2 _Epis_. i. 14.] BOSWELL.
+
+[1003] Dr. Franklin (_Memoirs_, i. 246-253) gives a curious account of
+Lord Loudoun, who was general in America about the year 1756.
+'Indecision,' he says, 'was one of the strongest features of his
+character.' He kept back the packet-boats from day to day because he
+could not make up his mind to send his despatches. At one time there
+were three boats waiting, one of which was kept with cargo and
+passengers on board three months beyond its time. Pitt at length
+recalled him, because 'he never heard from him, and could not know what
+he was doing.'
+
+[1004] See Chalmers's _Biog. Dict._ xi. 161 for an account of a
+controversy about the identity of this writer with an historian of the
+same name.
+
+[1005] He had paid but little attention to his own rule. See _ante_, ii.
+119.
+
+[1006] 'I believe that for all the castles which I have seen beyond the
+Tweed, the ruins yet remaining of some one of those which the English
+built in Wales would supply Materials.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 152.
+
+[1007] See _ante_, p. 40, note 4.
+
+[1008] Johnson described her as 'a lady who for many years gave the laws
+of elegance to Scotland.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 200. Allan Ramsay
+dedicated to her his _Gentle Shepherd_, and W. Hamilton, of Bangour,
+wrote to her verses on the presentation of Ramsay's poem. Hamilton's
+_Poems_, p. 23.
+
+[1009] See _ante_, ii. 66, and iii. 188.
+
+[1010] 'She called Boswell the boy: "yes, Madam," said I, "we will send
+him to school." "He is already," said she, "in a good school;" and
+expressed her hope of his improvement. At last night came, and I was
+sorry to leave her.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 200. See _ante_, iii. 366.
+
+[1011] See _ante_, pp. 318, 362.
+
+[1012] Burns, who was in his fifteenth year, was at this time living at
+Ayr, about twelve miles away. When later on he moved to Mauchline, he
+and Boswell became much nearer neighbours.
+
+[1013] He had, however, married again. _Ante_, ii. 140, note I. It is
+curious that Boswell in this narrative does not mention his step-mother.
+
+[1014]
+     'Asper
+     Incolumi gravitate jocum tentavit.'
+     'Though rude his mirth, yet laboured to maintain
+     The solemn grandeur of the tragic scene.'
+
+FRANCIS. Horace, _Ars Poet_. l. 221.
+
+[1015] See _ante_, iii. 65, and v. 97.
+
+[1016] See _ante_, iv. 163, 241.
+
+[1017] Johnson (_Works_, vii. 425) says of Addison's dedication of the
+opera of _Rosamond_ to the Duchess of Marlborough, that 'it was an
+instance of servile absurdity, to be exceeded only by Joshua Barnes's
+dedication of a Greek _Anacreon_ to the Duke.' For Barnes see _ante_,
+iii. 284, and iv. 19.
+
+[1018] William Baxter, the editor of _Anacreon_, was the nephew of
+Richard Baxter, the nonconformist divine.
+
+[1019] He says of Auchinleck (_Works_, ix. 158) that 'like all the
+western side of Scotland, it is _incommoded_ by very frequent rain.' 'In
+all September we had, according to Boswell's register, only one day and
+a half of fair weather; and in October perhaps not more.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 182.
+
+[1020] 'By-the-bye,' wrote Sir Walter Scott, 'I am far from being of the
+number of those angry Scotsmen who imputed to Johnson's national
+prejudices all or a great part of the report he has given of our country
+in his _Voyage to the Hebrides_. I remember the Highlands ten or twelve
+years later, and no one can conceive of 'how much that could have been
+easily remedied travellers had to complain.' _Croker Corres_. ii. 34
+
+[1021] 'Of these islands it must be confessed, that they have not many
+allurements but to the mere lover of naked nature. The inhabitants are
+thin, provisions are scarce, and desolation and penury give little
+pleasure.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 153. In an earlier passage (p. 138),
+in describing a rough ride in Mull, he says:--'We were now long enough
+acquainted with hills and heath to have lost the emotion that they once
+raised, whether pleasing or painful, and had our minds employed only on
+our own fatigue.'
+
+[1022] See _ante_, ii. 225.
+
+[1023] In like manner Wesley said of Rousseau:--'Sure a more consummate
+coxcomb never saw the sun.... He is a cynic all over. So indeed is his
+brother-infidel, Voltaire; and well-nigh as great a coxcomb.' Wesley's
+_Journal,_, ed. 1830, iii. 386.
+
+[1024] This gentleman, though devoted to the study of grammar and
+dialecticks, was not so absorbed in it as to be without a sense of
+pleasantry, or to be offended at his favourite topicks being treated
+lightly. I one day met him in the street, as I was hastening to the
+House of Lords, and told him, I was sorry I could not stop, being rather
+too late to attend an appeal of the Duke of Hamilton against Douglas. 'I
+thought (said he) their contest had been over long ago.' I answered,
+'The contest concerning Douglas's filiation was over long ago; but the
+contest now is, who shall have the estate.' Then, assuming the air of
+'an ancient sage philosopher,' I proceeded thus: 'Were I to _predicate_
+concerning him, I should say, the contest formerly was, What _is_ he?
+The contest now is, What _has_ he?'--'Right, (replied Mr. Harris,
+smiling,) you have done with _quality_, and have got into
+_quantity_.' BOSWELL.
+
+[1025] Most likely Sir A. Macdonald. _Ante_, p. 148.
+
+[1026] Boswell wrote on March 18,1775:--'Mr. Johnson, when enumerating
+our Club, observed of some of us, that they talked from books,--Langton
+in particular. "Garrick," he said, "would talk from books, if he talked
+seriously." "_I_," said he, "do not talk from books; _you_ do not talk
+from books." This was a compliment to my originality; but I am afraid I
+have not read books enough to be able to talk from them.' _Letters of
+Boswell_, p. 181. See _ante_, ii. 360, where Johnson said to Boswell:--
+'I don't believe you have borrowed from Waller. I wish you would enable
+yourself to borrow more;' and i. 105, where he described 'a man of a
+great deal of knowledge of the world, fresh from life, not strained
+through books.'
+
+[1027] 'Lord Auchinleck has built a house of hewn stone, very stately
+and durable, and has advanced the value of his lands with great
+tenderness to his tenants. I was, however, less delighted with the
+elegance of the modern mansion, than with the sullen dignity of the old
+castle.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 159. 'The house is scarcely yet
+finished, but very magnificent and very convenient.' _Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 201. See _ante_, i. 462.
+
+[1028] See _ante_, ii. 413, and v. 91.
+
+[1029] The relation, it should seem, was remote even for Scotland. Their
+common ancestor was Robert Bruce, some sixteen generations back.
+Boswell's mother's grandmother was a Bruce of the Earl of Kincardine's
+family, and so also was his father's mother. Rogers's _Boswelliana_,
+pp. 4, 5.
+
+[1030] He refers to Johnson's pension, which was given nearly two years
+after George Ill's accession. _Ante_, i. 372.
+
+[1031] _Ante_, p. 51.
+
+[1032] He repeated this advice in 1777. _Ante_, iii. 207.
+
+[1033] 'Of their black cattle some are without horns, called by the
+Scots _humble_ cows, as we call a bee, an _humble_ bee, that wants a
+sting. Whether this difference be specifick, or accidental, though we
+inquired with great diligence, we could not be informed.' Johnson's
+_Works_, ix. 78.
+
+Johnson, in his _Dictionary_, gives the right derivation of humble-bee,
+from _hum_ and _bee_. The word _Humble-cow_ is found in _Guy Mannering_,
+ed. 1860, iii. 91:--'"Of a surety," said Sampson, "I deemed I heard his
+horse's feet." "That," said John, with a broad grin, "was Grizzel
+chasing the humble-cow out of the close."'
+
+[1034] 'Even the cattle have not their usual beauty or noble head.'
+Church and Brodribb's _Tacitus_.
+
+[1035] 'The peace you seek is here--where is it not? If your own mind
+be equal to its lot.' CROKER. Horace, I _Epistles_, xi. 29.
+
+[1036] Horace, I _Epistles_, xviii. 112.
+
+[1037] This and the next paragraph are not in the first edition. The
+paragraph that follows has been altered so as to hide the fact that the
+minister spoken of was Mr. Dun. Originally it stood:--'Mr. Dun, though a
+man of sincere good principles as a presbyterian divine, discovered,'
+&c. First edition, p. 478.
+
+[1038] See _ante_, p. 120.
+
+[1039] Old Lord Auchinleck was an able lawyer, a good scholar, after the
+manner of Scotland, and highly valued his own advantages as a man of
+good estate and ancient family; and, moreover, he was a strict
+presbyterian and Whig of the old Scottish cast. This did not prevent his
+being a terribly proud aristocrat; and great was the contempt he
+entertained and expressed for his son James, for the nature of his
+friendships and the character of the personages of whom he was _engoué_
+one after another. 'There's nae hope for Jamie, mon,' he said to a
+friend. 'Jamie is gaen clean gyte. What do you think, mon? He's done wi'
+Paoli--he's off wi' the land-louping scoundrel of a Corsican; and whose
+tail do you think he has pinned himself to now, mon?' Here the old judge
+summoned up a sneer of most sovereign contempt. 'A _dominie_, mon--an
+auld dominie: he keeped a schule, and cau'd it an acaadamy.' Probably if
+this had been reported to Johnson, he would have felt it more galling,
+for he never much liked to think of that period of his life [_ante_,
+i.97, note 2]; it would have aggravated his dislike of Lord Auchinleck's
+Whiggery and presbyterianism. These the old lord carried to such a
+height, that once, when a countryman came in to state some justice
+business, and being required to make his oath, declined to do so before
+his lordship, because he was not a _covenanted_ magistrate. 'Is that
+a'your objection, mon?' said the judge; 'come your ways in here, and
+we'll baith of us tak the solemn league and covenant together.' The oath
+was accordingly agreed and sworn to by both, and I dare say it was the
+last time it ever received such homage. It may be surmised how far Lord
+Auchinleck, such as he is here described, was likely to suit a high Tory
+and episcopalian like Johnson. As they approached Auchinleck, Boswell
+conjured Johnson by all the ties of regard, and in requital of the
+services he had rendered him upon his tour, that he would spare two
+subjects in tenderness to his father's prejudices; the first related to
+Sir John Pringle, president of the Royal Society, about whom there was
+then some dispute current: the second concerned the general question of
+Whig and Tory. Sir John Pringle, as Boswell says, escaped, but the
+controversy between Tory and Covenanter raged with great fury, and ended
+in Johnson's pressing upon the old judge the question, what good
+Cromwell, of whom he had said something derogatory, had ever done to his
+country; when, after being much tortured, Lord Auchinleck at last spoke
+out, 'God, Doctor! he gart kings ken that they had a _lith_ in their
+neck'--he taught kings they had a _joint_ in their necks. Jamie then
+set to mediating between his father and the philosopher, and availing
+himself of the judge's sense of hospitality, which was punctilious,
+reduced the debate to more order. WALTER SCOTT. Paoli had visited
+Auchinleck. Boswell wrote to Garrick on Sept. 18, 1771:--'I have just
+been enjoying the very great happiness of a visit from my illustrious
+friend, Pascal Paoli. He was two nights at Auchinleck, and you may
+figure the joy of my worthy father and me at seeing the Corsican hero in
+our romantic groves.' _Garrick Corres_. i. 436. Johnson was not blind to
+Cromwell's greatness, for he says (_Works_, vii. 197), that 'he wanted
+nothing to raise him to heroick excellence but virtue.' Lord
+Auchinleck's famous saying had been anticipated by Quin, who, according
+to Davies (_Life of Garrick_, ii. 115), had said that 'on a thirtieth of
+January every king in Europe would rise with a crick in his neck.'
+
+[1040] See _ante_, p. 252.
+
+[1041] James Durham, born 1622, died 1658, wrote many theological works.
+Chalmers's _Biog. Dict_. In the _Brit. Mus. Cata_. I can find no work by
+him on the _Galatians_; Lord Auchinleck's triumph therefore was, it
+seems, more artful than honest.
+
+[1042] Gray, it should seem, had given the name earlier. His friend
+Bonstetten says that about the year 1769 he was walking with him, when
+Gray 'exclaimed with some bitterness, "Look, look, Bonstetten! the great
+bear! There goes _Ursa Major_!" This was Johnson. Gray could not abide
+him.' Sir Egerton Brydges, quoted in Gosse's _Gray_, iii. 371. For the
+epithet _bear_ applied to Johnson see _ante_, ii. 66, 269, note i, and
+iv. 113, note 2. Boswell wrote on June 19, 1775:--'My father harps on my
+going over Scotland with a brute (think, how shockingly erroneous!), and
+wandering (or some such phrase) to London.' _Letters of Boswell_,
+p. 207.
+
+[1043] It is remarkable that Johnson in his _Life of Blackmore_
+[_Works_, viii. 42] calls the imaginary Mr. Johnson of the _Lay
+Monastery_ 'a constellation of excellence.' CROKER.
+
+[1044] Page 121. BOSWELL. See also _ante_, iii. 336.
+
+[1045] 'The late Sir Alexander Boswell,' wrote Sir Walter Scott, 'was a
+proud man, and, like his grandfather, thought that his father lowered
+himself by his deferential suit and service to Johnson. I have observed
+he disliked any allusion to the book or to Johnson himself, and I have
+heard that Johnson's fine picture by Sir Joshua was sent upstairs out of
+the sitting apartments at Auchinleck.' _Croker Corres_. ii. 32. This
+portrait, which was given by Sir Joshua to Boswell (Taylor's _Reynolds_,
+i. 147), is now in the possession of Mr. Charles Morrison.
+
+[1046] 'I have always said that first Whig was the devil.' _Ante_, iii.
+326
+
+[1047] See _ante_, ii. 26.
+
+[1048] Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. p. 266) has paid this tribute. 'Lord
+Elibank,' he writes, 'had a mind that embraced the greatest variety of
+topics, and produced the most original remarks. ... He had been a
+lieutenant-colonel in the army and was at the siege of Carthagena, of
+which he left an elegant account (which I'm afraid is lost). He was a
+Jacobite, and a member of the famous Cocoa-tree Club, and resigned his
+commission on some disgust.' Dr. Robertson and John Home were his
+neighbours in the country, 'who made him change or soften down many of
+his original opinions, and prepared him for becoming a most agreeable
+member of the Literary Society of Edinburgh.' Smollett in _Humphry
+Clinker_ (Letter of July 18), describes him as 'a nobleman whom I have
+long revered for his humanity and universal intelligence, over and above
+the entertainment arising from the originality of his character.'
+Boswell, in the _London Mag._ 1779, p. 179, thus mentions the Cocoa-tree
+Club:--'But even at Court, though I see much external obeisance, I do
+not find congenial sentiments to warm my heart; and except when I have
+the conversation of a very few select friends, I am never so well as
+when I sit down to a dish of coffee in the Cocoa Tree, sacred of old to
+loyalty, look round me to men of ancient families, and please myself
+with the consolatory thought that there is perhaps more good in the
+nation than I know.'
+
+[1049] Johnson's _Works_, vii. 380. See _ante_, i. 81.
+
+[1050] See _ante_, p. 53.
+
+[1051] The Mitre tavern. _Ante_, i. 425.
+
+[1052] Of this Earl of Kelly Boswell records the following pun:--'At a
+dinner at Mr. Crosbie's, when the company were very merry, the Rev. Dr.
+Webster told them he was sorry to go away so early, but was obliged to
+catch the tide, to cross the Firth of Forth. "Better stay a little,"
+said Thomas Earl of Kelly, "till you be half-seas over."' Rogers's
+_Boswelliana_, p. 325.
+
+[1053] See _ante_, i. 354.
+
+[1054] In the first edition, _and his son the advocate_. Under this son,
+A. F. Tytler, afterwards a Lord of Session by the title of Lord
+Woodhouselee, Scott studied history at Edinburgh College. Lockhart's
+_Scott_, ed. 1839, i. 59, 278.
+
+[1055] See _ante_, i. 396, and ii. 296.
+
+[1056] 'If we know little of the ancient Highlanders, let us not fill
+the vacuity with Ossian. If we have not searched the Magellanick
+regions, let us however forbear to people them with Patagons.' Johnson's
+_Works_, ix. 116. Horace Walpole wrote on May 22, 1766 (_Letters_, iv.
+500):--'Oh! but we have discovered a race of giants! Captain Byron has
+found a nation of Brobdignags on the coast of Patagonia; the inhabitants
+on foot taller than he and his men on horseback. I don't indeed know how
+he and his sailors came to be riding in the South Seas. However, it is a
+terrible blow to the Irish, for I suppose all our dowagers now will be
+for marrying Patagonians.'
+
+[1057] I desire not to be understood as agreeing _entirely_ with the
+opinions of Dr. Johnson, which I relate without any remark. The many
+imitations, however, of _Fingal_, that have been published, confirm this
+observation in a considerable degree. BOSWELL. Johnson said to Sir
+Joshua of Ossian:--'Sir, a man might write such stuff for ever, if he
+would _abandon_ his mind to it.' _Ante_, iv. 183.
+
+[1058] In the first edition (p. 485) this paragraph ran thus:--'Young
+Mr. Tytler stepped briskly forward, and said, "_Fingal_ is certainly
+genuine; for I have heard a great part of it repeated in the
+original."--Dr. Johnson indignantly asked him, "Sir, do you understand
+the original?"--_Tytler_. "No, Sir."--_Johnson_. "Why, then, we see to
+what this testimony comes:--Thus it is."--He afterwards said to me, "Did
+you observe the wonderful confidence with which young Tytler advanced,
+with his front already _brased_?"'
+
+[1059] For _in company_ we should perhaps read _in the company_.
+
+[1060] In the first edition, _this gentleman's talents and integrity
+are_, &c.
+
+[1061] 'A Scotchman must be a very sturdy moralist who does not love
+Scotland better than truth: he will always love it better than inquiry;
+and if falsehood flatters his vanity, will not be very diligent to
+detect it.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 116. See _ante_, ii. 311.
+
+[1062] See _ante_, p. 164.
+
+[1063] See _ante_, p. 242.
+
+[1064] See _ante_, iv. 253.
+
+[1065] Lord Chief Baron Geoffrey Gilbert published in 1760 a book on the
+Law of Evidence.
+
+[1066] See _ante_, ii. 302.
+
+[1067] Three instances, _ante_, pp. 160, 320.
+
+[1068] See _ante_, ii. 318.
+
+[1069] An instance is given in Sacheverell's _Account of the Isle of
+Man_, ed. 1702, p. 14.
+
+[1070] Mr. J. T. Clark, the Keeper of the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh,
+obligingly informs me that in the margin of the copy of Boswell's
+_Journal_ in that Library it is stated that this cause was _Wilson
+versus Maclean_.
+
+[1071] See _ante_, iv. 74, note 3.
+
+[1072] See _ante_, iii 69, 183.
+
+[1073] He is described in _Guy Mannering_, ed. 1860, iv. 98.
+
+[1074] See _ante_, p. 50.
+
+[1075] See _ante_, i. 458.
+
+[1076] 'We now observe that the Methodists, where they scatter their
+opinions, represent themselves as preaching the Gospel to unconverted
+nations; and enthusiasts of all kinds have been inclined to disguise
+their particular tenets with pompous appellations, and to imagine
+themselves the great instruments of salvation.' Johnson's _Works_,
+vi. 417.
+
+[1077]
+
+     Through various hazards and events we move.
+
+Dryden, [_Aeneid_, I. 204]. BOSWELL.
+
+[1078]
+
+     Long labours both by sea and land he bore.
+
+Dryden, [_Aeneid_, I. 3]. BOSWELL.
+
+[1079] The Jesuits, headed by Francis Xavier, made their appearance in
+Japan in 1549. The first persecution was in 1587; it was followed by
+others in 1590, 1597, 1637, 1638. _Encyclo. Brit_. 8th edit. xii. 697.
+
+[1080] 'They congratulate our return as if we had been with Phipps or
+Banks; I am ashamed of their salutations.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 203.
+Phipps had gone this year to the Arctic Ocean (_ante_, p. 236), and
+Banks had accompanied Captain Cook in 1768-1771. Johnson says however
+(_Works_, ix. 84), that 'to the southern inhabitants of Scotland the
+state of the mountains and the islands is equally unknown with that of
+Borneo or Sumatra.' See _ante_, p. 283, note 1, where Scott says that
+'the whole expedition was highly perilous.' Smollett, in _Humphry
+Clinker_ (Letter of July 18), says of Scotland in general:--'The people
+at the other end of the island know as little of Scotland as of Japan.'
+
+[1081] In sailing from Sky to Col. _Ante_, p. 280.
+
+[1082] Johnson, four years later, suggested to Boswell that he should
+write this history. _Ante_, iii. 162, 414.
+
+[1083] Voltaire was born in 1694; his _Louis XIV._ was published in 1751
+or 1752.
+
+[1084] A society for debate in Edinburgh, consisting of the most eminent
+men. BOSWELL. It was founded in 1754 by Allan Ramsay the painter, aided
+by Robertson, Hume, and Smith. Dugald Stewart (_Life of Robertson_, ed.
+1802, p. 5) says that 'it subsisted in vigour for six or seven years'
+and produced debates, such as have not often been heard in modern
+assemblies.' See also Dr. A. Carlyle's _Auto_. p. 297.
+
+[1085] 'As for Maclaurin's imitation of a _made dish_, it was a wretched
+attempt.' _Ante,_ i. 469.
+
+[1086] It was of Lord Elibank's French cook 'that he exclaimed with
+vehemence, "I'd throw such a rascal into the river."'_Ib._
+
+[1087] 'He praised _Gordon's palates_ with a warmth of expression which
+might have done honour to more important subjects.' _Ib._
+
+[1088] For the alarm he gave to Mrs. Boswell before this supper, see
+_ib._
+
+[1089] On Dr. Boswell's death, in 1780, Boswell wrote of him:--'He was a
+very good scholar, knew a great many things, had an elegant taste, and
+was very affectionate; but he had no conduct. His money was all gone.
+And do you know he was not confined to one woman. He had a strange kind
+of religion; but I flatter myself he will be ere long, if he is not
+already, in Heaven.' _Letters of Boswell_, p. 258.
+
+[1090] Johnson had written the _Life_ of 'the great Boerhaave,' as he
+called him. _Works_, vi. 292.
+
+[1091] 'At Edinburgh,' he wrote, 'I passed some days with men of
+learning, whose names want no advancement from my commemoration, or with
+women of elegance, which, perhaps, disclaims a pedant's praise.'
+Johnson's _Works_, ix. 159.
+
+[1092] See _ante_, iv. 178.
+
+[1093] 'My acquaintance,' wrote Richardson (_Corres_. iv. 317), 'lies
+chiefly among the ladies; I care not who knows it.' Mrs. Piozzi, in a
+marginal note on her own copy of the _Piozzi Letters_, says:--'Dr.
+Johnson said, that if Mr. Richardson had lived till _I_ came out, my
+praises would have added two or three years to his life. "For," says Dr.
+Johnson, "that fellow died merely from want of change among his
+flatterers: he perished for want of _more_, like a man obliged to
+breathe the same air till it is exhausted."' Hayward's _Piozzi_, i. 311.
+In her _Journey_, i. 265, she says:--'Richardson had seen little, and
+Johnson has often told me that he had read little.' See _ante_, iv. 28.
+
+[1094] He may live like a gentleman, but he must not 'call himself
+_Farmer_, and go about with a little round hat.' _Ante_, p. 111.
+
+[1095] Boswell italicises this word, I think, because Johnson objected
+to the misuse of it. '"Sir," said Mr. Edwards, "I remember you would not
+let us say _prodigious_ at college."' _Ante_, iii. 303.
+
+[1096] As I have been scrupulously exact in relating anecdotes
+concerning other persons, I shall not withhold any part of this story,
+however ludicrous.--I was so successful in this boyish frolick, that the
+universal cry of the galleries was, '_Encore_ the cow! _Encore_ the
+cow!' In the pride of my heart, I attempted imitations of some other
+animals, but with very inferior effect. My reverend friend, anxious for
+my _fame_, with an air of the utmost gravity and earnestness, addressed
+me thus: 'My dear sir, I would _confine_ myself to the _cow_.' BOSWELL.
+Blair's advice was expressed more emphatically, and with a peculiar
+_burr_--'_Stick to the cow_, mon.' WALTER SCOTT. Boswell's record, which
+moreover is far more humorous, is much more trustworthy than Scott's
+tradition.
+
+[1097] Mme. de Sévigné in describing a death wrote:--'Cela nous fit voir
+qu'on joue long-temps la comédie, et qu'à la mort on dit la vérité.'
+Letter of June 24, 1672. Addison says:--'The end of a man's life is
+often compared to the winding up of a well-written play, where the
+principal persons still act in character, whatever the fate is which
+they undergo.... That innocent mirth which had been so conspicuous in
+Sir Thomas More's life did not forsake him to the last. His death was of
+a piece with his life. There was nothing in it new, forced, or
+affected.' _The Spectator_, No. 349. Young also thought, or at least,
+wrote differently.
+
+     'A death-bed's a detector of the heart.
+      Here tired dissimulation drops her mask.'
+
+_Night Thoughts, ii._
+
+'"Mirabeau dramatized his death" was the happy expression of the Bishop
+of Autun (Talleyrand).' Dumont's _Mirabeau_, p. 251. See _ante_,
+iii. 154.
+
+[1098] See _ante_, i. 408, 447; and ii. 219, 329.
+
+[1099] Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. p. 291) says of Blair's conversation that
+'it was so infantine that many people thought it impossible, at first
+sight, that he could be a man of sense or genius. He was as eager about
+a new paper to his wife's drawing-room, or his own new wig, as about a
+new tragedy or a new epic poem.' He adds, that he was 'capable of the
+most profound conversation, when circumstances led to it. He had not the
+least desire to shine, but was delighted beyond measure to shew other
+people in their best guise to his friends. "Did not I shew you the lion
+well to-day?" used he to say after the exhibition of a remarkable
+stranger.' He had no wit, and for humour hardly a relish. Robertson's
+reputation for wisdom may have been easily won. Dr. A. Carlyle says
+(_ib_. p. 287):--'Robertson's translations and paraphrases on other
+people's thoughts were so beautiful and so harmless that I never saw
+anybody lay claim to their own.' He may have flattered Johnson by
+dexterously echoing his sentiments.
+
+[1100] In the _Marmor Norfolciense (ante_, i. 141) Johnson says:--'I
+know that the knowledge of the alphabet is so disreputable among these
+gentlemen [of the army], that those who have by ill-fortune formerly
+been taught it have partly forgot it by disuse, and partly concealed it
+from the world, to avoid the railleries and insults to which their
+education might make them liable.' Johnson's _Works,_ vi. III. See
+_ante_, iii. 265.
+
+[1101] 'One of the young ladies had her slate before her, on which I
+wrote a question consisting of three figures to be multiplied by two
+figures. She looked upon it, and quivering her fingers in a manner which
+I thought very pretty, but of which I knew not whether it was art or
+play, multiplied the sum regularly in two lines, observing the decimal
+place; but did not add the two lines together, probably disdaining so
+easy an operation.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 161.
+
+[1102]
+
+     'Words gigantic.'
+
+FRANCIS. Horace, _Ars Poet._. 1. 97.
+
+[1103] One of the best criticks of our age 'does not wish to prevent the
+admirers of the incorrect and nerveless style which generally prevailed
+for a century before Dr. Johnson's energetick writings were known, from
+enjoying the laugh that this story may produce, in which he is very
+ready to join them.' He, however, requests me to observe, that 'my
+friend very properly chose a _long_ word on this occasion, not, it is
+believed, from any predilection for polysyllables, (though he certainly
+had a due respect for them,) but in order to put Mr. Braidwood's skill
+to the strictest test, and to try the efficacy of his instruction by the
+most difficult exertion of the organs of his pupils.' BOSWELL. 'One of
+the best critics of our age' is, I believe, Malone. See _ante_, p.
+78, note 5.
+
+[1104] It was here that Lord Auchinleck called him _Ursa Major. Ante_,
+p. 384.
+
+[1105] See _ante_, iii. 266, and v. 20, where 'Mr. Crosbie said that the
+English are better animals than the Scots.'
+
+[1106] Johnson himself had laughed at them (_ante_, ii. 210) and accused
+them of foppery (_ante_, ii. 237).
+
+[1107] Johnson said, 'I never think I have hit hard, unless it rebounds
+(_ante_, ii. 335), and, 'I would rather be attacked than unnoticed'
+(_ante_, iii. 375). When he was told of a caricature 'of the nine muses
+flogging him round Parnassus,' he said, 'Sir, I am very glad to hear
+this. I hope the day will never arrive when I shall neither be the
+object of calumny or ridicule, for then I shall be neglected and
+forgotten.' Croker's _Boswell_, p. 837. See _ante_, ii. 61, and pp. 174,
+273. 'There was much laughter when M. de Lesseps mentioned that on his
+first visit to England the publisher who brought out the report of his
+meeting charged, as the first item of his bill, "£50 for attacking the
+book in order to make it succeed." "Since then," observed M. de Lesseps,
+"I have been attacked gratuitously, and have got on without paying."'
+The Times, Feb. 19, 1884.
+
+[1108]
+
+     'To wing my flight to fame.'
+
+DRYDEN. Virgil, _Georgics_, iii. 9.
+
+[1109] On Nov. 12 he wrote to Mrs. Thrale:--'We came hither (to
+Edinburgh) on the ninth of this month. I long to come under your care,
+but for some days cannot decently get away.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 202.
+
+[1110] He would have been astonished had he known that a few miles from
+Edinburgh he had passed through two villages of serfs. The coal-hewers
+and salt-makers of Tranent and Preston-Pans were still sold with the
+soil. 'In Scotland domestic slavery is unknown, except so far as regards
+the coal-hewers and salt-makers, whose condition, it must be confessed,
+bears some resemblance to slavery; because all who have once acted in
+either of the capacities are compellable to serve, and fixed to their
+respective places of employment during life.' Hargrave's _Argument in
+the case of James Sommersett_, 1772. Had Johnson known this he might
+have given as his toast when in company with some very grave men at
+_Edinburgh_:--'Here's to the next insurrection of the slaves in
+_Scotland_.' _Ante_, iii. 200.
+
+[1111] The year following in the House of Commons he railed at the
+London booksellers, 'who, he positively asserted, entirely governed the
+newspapers.' 'For his part,' he added, 'he had ordered that no English
+newspaper should come within his doors for three months.' _Parl. Hist_.
+xvii. 1090.
+
+[1112] See _ante_, iii. 373.
+
+[1113] 'At the latter end of 1630 Ben Jonson went on foot into Scotland,
+on purpose to visit Drummond. His adventures in this journey he wrought
+into a poem; but that copy, with many other pieces, was accidentally
+burned.' Whalley's _Ben Jonson_, Preface, p. xlvi.
+
+[1114] Perhaps the same woman showed the chapel who was there 29 years
+later, when Scott visited it. One of his friends 'hoped that they might,
+as habitual visitors, escape hearing the usual endless story of the
+silly old woman that showed the ruins'; but Scott answered, 'There is a
+pleasure in the song which none but the songstress knows, and by telling
+her we know it all ready we should make the poor devil unhappy.'
+Lockharts _Scott_, ed. 1839, ii. 106.
+
+[1115] _ O rare Ben Jonson_ is on Jonson's tomb in Westminster Abbey.
+
+[1116] See _ante_, ii. 365.
+
+[1117] 'Essex was at that time confined to the same chamber of the Tower
+from which his father Lord Capel had been led to death, and in which his
+wife's grandfather had inflicted a voluntary death upon himself. When he
+saw his friend carried to what he reckoned certain fate, their common
+enemies enjoying the spectacle, and reflected that it was he who had
+forced Lord Howard upon the confidence of Russel, he retired, and, by a
+_Roman death_, put an end to his misery.' Dalrymple's _Memoirs of Great
+Britain and Ireland_, vol. i. p. 36. BOSWELL. In the original after 'his
+wife's grandfather,' is added 'Lord Northumberland.' It was his wife's
+great-grandfather, the eighth Earl of Northumberland. He killed himself
+in 1585. Burke's _Peerage_.
+
+[1118] Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. p. 293) says of Robertson and
+Blair:--'Having been bred at a time when the common people thought to
+play with cards or dice was a sin, and everybody thought it an indecorum
+in clergymen, they could neither of them play at golf or bowls, and far
+less at cards or backgammon, and on that account were very unhappy when
+from home in friends' houses in the country in rainy weather. As I had
+set the first example of playing at cards at home with unlocked door
+[Carlyle was a minister], and so relieved the clergy from ridicule on
+that side, they both learned to play at whist after they were sixty.'
+See _ante_, iii. 23.
+
+[1119] See _ante_, i. 149, and v. 350.
+
+[1120] See _ante_, iv. 54.
+
+[1121] He wrote to Boswell on Nov. 16, 1776 (_ante_, iii. 93):--'The
+expedition to the Hebrides was the most pleasant journey that I ever
+made.' In his _Diary_ he recorded on Jan. 9, 1774:--'In the autumn I
+took a journey to the Hebrides, but my mind was not free from
+perturbation.' _Pr. and Med._ p. 136. The following letter to Dr. Taylor
+I have copied from the original in the possession of my friend Mr. M. M.
+Holloway:--
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+
+'When I was at Edinburgh I had a letter from you, telling me that in
+answer to some enquiry you were informed that I was in the Sky. I was
+then I suppose in the western islands of Scotland; I set out on the
+northern expedition August 6, and came back to Fleet-street, November
+26. I have seen a new region.
+
+'I have been upon seven of the islands, and probably should have visited
+many more, had we not begun our journey so late in the year, that the
+stormy weather came upon us, and the storms have I believe for about
+five months hardly any intermission.
+
+'Your Letter told me that you were better. When you write do not forget
+to confirm that account. I had very little ill health while I was on the
+journey, and bore rain and wind tolerably well. I had a cold and
+deafness only for a few days, and those days I passed at a good house. I
+have traversed the east coast of Scotland from south to north from
+Edinburgh to Inverness, and the west coast from north to south, from the
+Highlands to Glasgow, and am come back as I went,
+
+'Sir,
+
+'Your affectionate humble servant,
+
+'SAM. JOHNSON.'
+
+'Jan. 15, 1774.
+
+'To the Reverend Dr. Taylor,
+
+'in Ashbourn,
+
+'Derbyshire.'
+
+[1122] Johnson speaking of this tour on April 10, 1783, said:--'I got an
+acquisition of more ideas by it than by anything that I remember.'
+_Ante_, iv. 199.
+
+[1123] See _ante_, p. 48.
+
+[1124] See _ante_, i. 408, 443, note 2, and ii. 303.
+
+[1125] 'It may be doubted whether before the Union any man between
+Edinburgh and England had ever set a tree.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 8.
+
+[1126] See _ante_, p. 69.
+
+[1127] Lord Balmerino's estate was forfeited to the Crown on his
+conviction for high treason in 1746 (_ante_, i. 180).
+
+[1128] 'I know not that I ever heard the wind so loud in any other
+place; and Mr. Boswell observed that its noise was all its own, for
+there were no trees to increase it.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 122. See
+_ante_, p. 304.
+
+[1129] See _ante_, ii. 300.
+
+[1130] 'Strong reasons for incredulity will readily occur. This faculty
+of seeing things out of sight is local and commonly useless. It is a
+breach of the common order of things, without any visible reason or
+perceptible benefit.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 106.
+
+[1131] 'To the confidence of these objections it may be replied... that
+second sight is only wonderful because it is rare, for, considered in
+itself, it involves no more difficulty than dreams.' _Ib._
+
+[1132] The fossilist of last century is the geologist of this. Neither
+term is in Johnson's _Dictionary_, but Johnson in his _Journey (Works_,
+ix. 43) speaks of 'Mr. Janes the fossilist.'
+
+[1133] _Ib_. p. 157.
+
+[1134] _Ib_. p. 6. I do not see anything silly in the story. It is
+however better told in a letter to Mrs. Thrale. _Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 112.
+
+[1135] Mr. Orme, one of the ablest historians of this age, is of the
+same opinion. He said to me, 'There are in that book thoughts, which, by
+long revolution in the great mind of Johnson, have been formed and
+polished--like pebbles rolled in the ocean.' BOSWELL. See _ante_, ii.
+300, and iii. 284.
+
+[1136] See _ante_, iii. 301.
+
+[1137] Johnson (_Works_, ix. 158) mentions 'a national combination so
+invidious that their friends cannot defend it.' See _ante_, ii.
+307, 311.
+
+[1138] See _ante_, p. 269, note 1.
+
+[1139] Every reader will, I am sure, join with me in warm admiration of
+the truly patriotic writer of this letter. I know not which most to
+applaud--that good sense and liberality of mind, which could see and
+admit the defects of his native country, to which no man is a more
+zealous friend:--or that candour, which induced him to give just praise
+to the minister whom he honestly and strenuously opposed. BOSWELL.
+
+[1140] The original MS. is now in my possession. BOSWELL.
+
+[1141] The passage that gave offence was as follows:--'Mr. Macleod is
+the proprietor of the islands of Raasay, Rona, and Fladda, and possesses
+an extensive district in Sky. The estate has not during four hundred
+years gained or lost a single acre. He acknowledges Macleod of Dunvegan
+as his chief, though his ancestors have formerly disputed the
+pre-eminence.' First edition, p. 132. The second edition was not
+published till the year after Johnson's death. In it the passage remains
+unchanged. To it the following note was prefixed: 'Strand, Oct. 26,
+1785. Since this work was printed off, the publisher, having been
+informed that the author some years ago had promised the Laird of Raasay
+to correct in a future edition a passage concerning him, thinks it a
+justice due to that gentleman to insert here the advertisement relative
+to this matter, which was published by Dr. Johnson's desire in the
+Edinburgh newspapers in the year 1775, and which has been lately
+reprinted in Mr. Boswell's _Tour to the Hebrides_.' (It is not unlikely
+that the publication of Boswell's _Tour_ occasioned a fresh demand for
+Johnson's _Journey_.) In later editions all the words after 'a single
+acre' are silently struck out. Johnson's _Works_, ix. 55. See
+_ante_, ii. 382.
+
+[1142] Rasay was highly gratified, and afterwards visited and dined with
+Dr. Johnson at his house in London. BOSWELL. Johnson wrote on May 12,
+1775:--'I have offended; and what is stranger, have justly offended, the
+nation of Rasay. If they could come hither, they would be as fierce as
+the Americans. _Rasay_ has written to Boswell an account of the injury
+done him by representing his house as subordinate to that of Dunvegan.
+Boswell has his letter, and, I believe, copied my answer. I have
+appeased him, if a degraded chief can possibly be appeased: but it will
+be thirteen days--days of resentment and discontent--before my
+recantation can reach him. Many a dirk will imagination, during that
+interval, fix in my heart. I really question if at this time my life
+would not be in danger, if distance did not secure it. Boswell will find
+his way to Streatham before he goes, and will detail this great affair.'
+_Piozzi Letters_, i. 216.
+
+[1143] In like manner he communicated to Sir William Forbes part of his
+journal from which he made the _Life of Johnson_. _Ante_, iii. 208.
+
+[1144] In justice both to Sir William Forbes, and myself, it is proper
+to mention, that the papers which were submitted to his perusal
+contained only an account of our Tour from the time that Dr. Johnson and
+I set out from Edinburgh (p. 58), and consequently did not contain the
+elogium on Sir William Forbes, (p. 24), which he never saw till this
+book appeared in print; nor did he even know, when he wrote the above
+letter, that this _Journal_ was to be published. BOSWELL. This note is
+not in the first edition.
+
+[1145] _Hamlet_, act iii. sc. 1.
+
+[1146] Both _Nonpareil_ and _Bon Chretien_ are in Johnson's
+_Dictionary_; _Nonpareil_, is defined as _a kind of apple_, and _Bon
+Chretien_ as _a species of pear_.
+
+[1147] See _ante_, p. 311.
+
+[1148] See _ante_, iv. 9.
+
+[1149] 'Dryden's contemporaries, however they reverenced his genius,
+left his life unwritten; and nothing therefore can be known beyond what
+casual mention and uncertain tradition have supplied.' Johnson's
+_Works_, vii. 245. See _ante_, iii. 71.
+
+[1150]
+
+     'Before great Agamemnon reign'd
+      Reign'd kings as great as he, and brave
+      Whose huge ambition's now contain'd
+      In the small compass of a grave;
+      In endless night they sleep, unwept, unknown,
+      No bard had they to make all time their own.'
+
+FRANCIS. Horace, _Odes_, iv. 9. 25.
+
+[1151] Having found, on a revision of the first edition of this work,
+that, notwithstanding my best care, a few observations had escaped me,
+which arose from the instant impression, the publication of which might
+perhaps be considered as passing the bounds of a strict decorum, I
+immediately ordered that they should be omitted in the subsequent
+editions. I was pleased to find that they did not amount in the whole to
+a page. If any of the same kind are yet left, it is owing to
+inadvertence alone, no man being more unwilling to give pain to others
+than I am.
+
+A contemptible scribbler, of whom I have learned no more than that,
+after having disgraced and deserted the clerical character, he picks up
+in London a scanty livelihood by scurrilous lampoons under a feigned
+name, has impudently and falsely asserted that the passages omitted were
+_defamatory_, and that the omission was not voluntary, but compulsory.
+The last insinuation I took the trouble publickly to disprove; yet, like
+one of Pope's dunces, he persevered in 'the lie o'erthrown.' [_Prologue
+to the Satires_, l. 350.] As to the charge of defamation, there is an
+obvious and certain mode of refuting it. Any person who thinks it worth
+while to compare one edition with the other, will find that the passages
+omitted were not in the least degree of that nature, but exactly such as
+I have represented them in the former part of this note, the hasty
+effusion of momentary feelings, which the delicacy of politeness should
+have suppressed. BOSWELL. In the second edition this note ended at the
+first paragraph, the latter part being added in the third. For the 'few
+observations omitted' see _ante_, pp. 148, 381, 388.
+
+The 'contemptible scribbler' was, I believe, John Wolcot, better known
+by his assumed name of Peter Pindar. He had been a clergyman. In his
+_Epistle to Boswell (Works_, i. 219), he says in reference to the
+passages about Sir A. Macdonald (afterwards Lord Macdonald):--'A letter
+of severe remonstrance was sent to Mr. B., who, in consequence, omitted
+in the second edition of his _Journal_ what is so generally pleasing to
+the public, viz., the scandalous passages relative to that nobleman.' It
+was in a letter to the _Gent. Mag._ 1786, p. 285, that Boswell
+'publickly disproved the insinuation' made 'in a late scurrilous
+publication' that these passages 'were omitted in consequence of a
+letter from his Lordship. Nor was any application,' he continues, 'made
+to me by the nobleman alluded to at any time to make any alteration in
+my _Journal_.'
+
+[1152]
+
+         'Nothing extenuate
+     Nor set down aught in malice.'
+
+_Othello_, act v. sc. 2.
+
+[1153] See _ante_, i. 189, note 2, 296, 297; and Johnson's _Works_, v.
+23.
+
+[1154] Of his two imitations Boswell means _The Vanity of Human Wishes_,
+of which one hundred lines were written in a day. _Ante_, i. 192,
+and ii. 15.
+
+[1155] Johnson, it should seem, did not allow that there was any
+pleasure in writing poetry. 'It has been said there is pleasure in
+writing, particularly in writing verses. I allow you may have pleasure
+from writing after it is over, if you have written well; but you don't
+go willingly to it again.' _Ante_, iv. 219. What Johnson always sought
+was to sufficiently occupy the mind. So long as that was done, that
+labour would, I believe, seem to him the pleasanter which required the
+less thought.
+
+[1156] Nathan Bailey published his _English Dictionary_ in 1721.
+
+[1157]
+
+     'Woolston, the scourge of scripture, mark with awe!
+      And mighty Jacob, blunderbuss of law.'
+
+_The Dunciad_, first ed., bk. iii. l. 149. Giles Jacob published a _Law
+Dictionary_ in 1729.
+
+[1158] _Ante_, p. 393.
+
+[1159] A writer in the _Gent. Mag._ 1786, p. 388, with some reason
+says:--'I heartily wish Mr. Boswell would get this Latin poem translated.'
+
+[1160] Boswell, briefly mentioning the tour which Johnson made to Wales
+in the year 1774 with Mr. and Mrs. Thrale, says:--'I do not find that
+he kept any journal or notes of what he saw there' (_ante_, ii. 285). A
+journal had been kept however, which in 1816 was edited and published by
+Mr. Duppa. Mrs. Piozzi, writing in October of that year, says that three
+years earlier she had been shewn the MS. by a Mr. White, and that it was
+genuine. 'The gentleman who possessed it seemed shy of letting me read
+the whole, and did not, as it appeared, like being asked how it came
+into his hands.' Hayward's _Piozzi_, ii. 177. According to Mr. Croker
+(Croker's _Boswell_, p. 415) 'it was preserved by Johnson's servant,
+Barber. How it escaped Boswell's research is not known.' A fragment of
+Johnson's _Annals_, also preserved by Barber, had in like manner never
+been seen by Boswell; _ante_, i. 35, note 1. The editor of these
+_Annals_ says (Preface, p. v):--'Francis Barber, unwilling that all the
+MSS. of his illustrious master should be utterly lost, preserved these
+relicks from the flames. By purchase from Barber's widow they came into
+the possession of the editor.' It seems likely that Barber was afraid to
+own what he had done; though as he was the residuary legatee he was safe
+from all consequences, unless the executors of the will who were to hold
+the residue of the estate in trust for him had chosen to proceed against
+him. Mr. Duppa in editing this Journal received assistance from Mrs.
+Piozzi, 'who,' he says (Preface, p. xi), 'explained many facts which
+could not otherwise have been understood.' A passage in one of her
+letters dated Bath, Oct. 11, 1816, shows how unfriendly were the
+relations between her and her eldest daughter, Johnson's Queeny, who had
+married Admiral Lord Keith. 'I am sadly afraid,' she writes, 'of Lady
+K.'s being displeased, and fancying I promoted this publication. Could I
+have caught her for a quarter-of-an-hour, I should have proved my
+innocence, and might have shown her Duppa's letter; but she left neither
+note, card, nor message, and when my servant ran to all the inns in
+chase of her, he learned that she had left the White Hart at twelve
+o'clock. Vexatious! but it can't be helped. I hope the pretty little
+girl my people saw with her will pay her more tender attention.' Three
+days later she wrote:--'Johnson's _Diary_ is selling rapidly, though the
+contents are _bien maigre_, I must confess. Mr. Duppa has politely
+suppressed some sarcastic expressions about my family, the Cottons, whom
+we visited at Combermere, and at Lleweney.' Hayward's _Piozzi_, ii.
+176-9. Mr. Croker in 1835 was able to make 'a collation of the original
+MS., which has supplied many corrections and some omissions in Mr.
+Duppa's text.' Mr. Croker's text I have generally followed.
+
+[1161] 'When I went with Johnson to Lichfield, and came down to
+breakfast at the inn, my dress did not please him, and he made me alter
+it entirely before he would stir a step with us about the town, saying
+most satirical things concerning the appearance I made in a
+riding-habit; and adding, "'Tis very strange that such eyes as yours
+cannot discern propriety of dress; if I had a sight only half as good, I
+think I should see to the centre."' Piozzi's _Anec_. p. 288.
+
+[1162] For Mrs. (Miss) Porter, Mrs. (Miss) Aston, Mr. Green, Mrs. Cobb,
+Mr. (Peter) Garrick, Miss Seward, and Dr. Taylor, see _ante_,
+ii. 462-473.
+
+[1163] Dr. Erasmus Darwin, the physiologist and poet, grandfather of
+Charles Darwin. Mrs. Piozzi when at Florence wrote:--'I have no roses
+equal to those at Lichfield, where on one tree I recollect counting
+eighty-four within my own reach; it grew against the house of Dr.
+Darwin.' Piozzi's _Journey_, i. 278.
+
+[1164] See _ante_, iii. 124, for mention of her father and brother.
+
+[1165] The verse in _Martial_ is:--
+
+     'Defluat, et lento splendescat turbida limo.'
+
+In the common editions it has the number 45, and not 44. DUPPA.
+
+[1166] See _ante_, iii. 187.
+
+[1167] Johnson wrote on Nov. 27, 1772, 'I was yesterday at Chatsworth.
+They complimented me with playing the fountain and opening the cascade.
+But I am of my friend's opinion, that when one has seen the ocean
+cascades are but little things.' _Piozzi Letters_, i.69.
+
+[1168] 'A water-work with a concealed spring, which, upon touching,
+spouted out streams from every bough of a willow-tree.' _Piozzi
+MS_. CROKER.
+
+[1169] A race-horse, which attracted so much of Dr. Johnson's attention,
+that he said, 'of all the Duke's possessions, I like Atlas best.' DUPPA.
+
+[1170] For Johnson's last visit to Chatsworth, see _ante_, iv. 357, 367.
+
+[1171] 'From the Muses, Sir Thomas More bore away the first crown,
+Erasmus the second, and Micyllus has the third.' In the MS. Johnson has
+introduced [Greek: aeren] by the side of [Greek: eilen], DUPPA. 'Jacques
+Moltzer, en Latin Micyllus. Ce surnom lui fut donné le jour où il
+remplissait avec le plus grand succès le rôle de Micyllus dans _Le
+Songe_ de Lucien qui, arrange en drame, fut représenté au collège de
+Francfort. Né en 1503, mort en 1558.' _Nouv. Biog. Gén._ xxxv. 922.
+
+[1172] See _ante_, ii. 324, note I, and iii. 138.
+
+[1173] Mr. Gilpin was an undergraduate at Oxford. DUPPA.
+
+[1174] John Parker, of Brownsholme, in Lancashire [Browsholme, in
+Yorkshire], Esq. DUPPA.
+
+[1175] Mrs. Piozzi 'rather thought' that this was _Capability Brown_
+[_ante_, iii. 400]. CROKER.
+
+[1176] Mr. Gell, of Hopton Hall, father of Sir William Gell, well known
+for his topography of Troy. DUPPA.
+
+[1177] See _ante_, iii. 160, for a visit paid by Johnson and Boswell to
+Kedleston in 1777.
+
+[1178] See _ante_, iii. 164.
+
+[1179] The parish of Prestbury. DUPPA.
+
+[1180] At this time the seat of Sir Lynch Salusbury Cotton [Mrs.
+Thrale's relation], now, of Lord Combermere, his grandson, from which
+place he takes his title. DUPPA.
+
+[1181] Shavington Hall, in Shropshire. DUPPA.
+
+[1182] 'To guard. To adorn with lists, laces or ornamental borders.
+Obsolete.' Johnson's _Dictionary._
+
+[1183] Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale on Nov. 13, 1783:--'You seem to
+mention Lord Kilmurrey _(sic)_ as a stranger. We were at his house in
+Cheshire [Shropshire].... Do not you remember how he rejoiced in having
+_no_ park? He could not disoblige his neighbours by sending them _no_
+venison.' _Piozzi Letters,_ ii. 326.
+
+[1184] This remark has reference to family conversation. Robert was the
+eldest son of Sir L.S. Cotton, and lived at Lleweney. DUPPA.
+
+[1185] _Paradise Lost,_ book xi. v. 642. DUPPA.
+
+[1186] See Mrs. Piozzi's _Synonymy_, i. 323, for an anecdote of this
+walk.
+
+[1187] Lleweney Hall was the residence of Robert Cotton, Esq., Mrs.
+Thrale's cousin german. Here Mr. and Mrs. Thrale and Dr. Johnson staid
+three weeks. DUPPA. Mrs. Piozzi wrote in 1817:--'Poor old Lleweney Hall!
+pulled down after standing 1000 years in possession of the Salusburys.'
+Hayward's _Piozzi_, ii. 206.
+
+[1188] Johnson's name for Mrs. Thrale. _Ante,_ i. 494.
+
+[1189] Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale on Sept. 13, 1777:--'Boswell wants
+to see Wales; but except the woods of Bachycraigh, what is there in
+Wales? What that can fill the hunger of ignorance, or quench the thirst
+of curiosity?' _Piozzi Letters,_ i. 367. _Ante,_ iii. 134, note 1.
+
+[1190] Pennant gives a description of this house, in a tour he made into
+North Wales in 1780:--'Not far from Dymerchion, lies half buried in
+woods the singular house of Bâch y Graig. It consists of a mansion of
+three sides, enclosing a square court. The first consists of a vast hall
+and parlour: the rest of it rises into six wonderful stories, including
+the cupola; and forms from the second floor the figure of a pyramid: the
+rooms are small and inconvenient. The bricks are admirable, and appear
+to have been made in Holland; and the model of the house was probably
+brought from Flanders, where this kind of building is not unfrequent. It
+was built by Sir Richard Clough, an eminent merchant, in the reign of
+Queen Elizabeth. The initials of his name are in iron on the front, with
+the date 1567, and on the gateway 1569.' DUPPA.
+
+[1191] Bishop Shipley, whom Johnson described as _'knowing and
+convertible' Ante,_ iv. 246. Johnson, in his _Dictionary_, says that
+_'conversable_ is sometimes written _conversible_, but improperly.'
+
+[1192] William Lloyd, Bishop of St. Asaph and afterwards of Worcester.
+He was one of the seven Bishops who were sent to the Tower in 1688. His
+character is drawn by Burnet, _History of His Own Time_, ed. 1818, i.
+210. It was he of whom Bishop Wilkins said that 'Lloyd had the most
+learning in ready cash of any he ever knew.' _Ante_, ii. 256, note 3.
+
+[1193] A curious account of Dodwell and 'the paradoxes after which he
+seemed to hunt' is given in Burnet, iv. 303. He was Camden Professor of
+Ancient History in the University of Oxford. 'It was about him that
+William III uttered those memorable words: "He has set his heart on
+being a martyr; and I have set mine on disappointing him."' Macaulay's
+_England_, ed. 1874, iv. 226. See Hearne in Leland's _Itin._, 3rd ed.
+v. 136.
+
+[1194] By Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, in 1579. DUPPA.
+
+[1195] See _ante_, iii. 357, and v. 42.
+
+[1196] Perhaps Johnson wrote _mere_.
+
+[1197] Humphry Llwyd was a native of Denbigh, and practised there as a
+physician, and also represented the town in Parliament. He died 1568,
+aged 41. DUPPA.
+
+[1198] Mrs. Thrale's father. DUPPA.
+
+[1199] Cowper wrote a few years later in the first book of _The Task_,
+in his description of the grounds at Weston Underwood:--
+
+     'Not distant far a length of colonnade
+      Invites us. Monument of ancient taste,
+      Now scorned, but worthy of a better fate.
+      Our fathers knew the value of a screen
+      From sultry suns, and in their shaded walks
+      And long-protracted bowers enjoyed at noon
+      The gloom and coolness of declining day.
+      We bear our shades about us: self-deprived
+      Of other screen, the thin umbrella spread,
+      And range an Indian waste without a tree.
+      Thanks to Benevolus [A]--he spares me yet
+      These chestnuts ranged in corresponding lines,
+      And though himself so polished still reprieves
+      The obsolete prolixity of shade.'
+
+
+
+[1200] Such a passage as this shews that Johnson was not so insensible
+to nature as is often asserted. Mrs. Piozzi (_Anec._ p. 99) says:--'Mr.
+Thrale loved prospects, and was mortified that his friend could not
+enjoy the sight of those different dispositions of wood and water, hill
+and valley, that travelling through England and France affords a man.
+But when he wished to point them out to his companion: "Never heed such
+nonsense," would he reply; "a blade of grass is always a blade of grass,
+whether in one country or another. Let us, if we _do_ talk, talk about
+something; men and women are my subjects of enquiry; let us see how
+these differ from those we have left behind."' She adds (p. 265):--
+'Walking in a wood when it rained was, I think, the only rural image he
+pleased his fancy with; "for," says he, "after one has gathered the
+apples in an orchard, one wishes them well baked, and removed to a
+London eating-house for enjoyment."' See _ante_, pp. 132, note 1, 141,
+note 2, 333, note i, and 346, note i, for Johnson's descriptions of
+scenery. Passages in his letters shew that he had some enjoyment of
+country life. Thus he writes:--'I hope to see standing corn in some part
+of the earth this summer, but I shall hardly smell hay or suck clover
+flowers.' _Piozzi Letters_, ii. 140. 'What I shall do next I know not;
+all my schemes of rural pleasure have been some way or other
+disappointed.' _Ib._ p. 372. 'I hope Mrs. ------ when she came to her
+favourite place found her house dry, and her woods growing, and the
+breeze whistling, and the birds singing, and her own heart dancing.'
+_Ib._ p. 401. In this very trip to Wales, after describing the high bank
+of a river 'shaded by gradual rows of trees,' he writes:--'The gloom,
+the stream, and the silence generate thoughtfulness.' _Post,_ p. 454.
+
+[A] Mr. Throckmorton the owner.
+
+[1201] In the MS. in Dr. Johnson's handwriting, he has first entered in
+his diary, 'The old Clerk had great appearance of joy at seeing his
+Mistress, and foolishly said that he was now willing to die:' he
+afterwards wrote in a separate column, on the same leaf, under the head
+of _notes and omissions,_ 'He had a crown;' and then he appears to have
+read over his diary at a future time, and interlined the paragraph with
+the words 'only'--'given him by my Mistress,' which is written in ink of
+a different colour. DUPPA. 'If Mr. Duppa,' wrote Mrs. Piozzi, 'does not
+send me a copy of Johnson's _Diary,_ he is as shabby as it seems our
+Doctor thought me, when I gave but a crown to the old clerk. The poor
+clerk had probably never seen a crown in his possession before. Things
+were very distant A.D. 1774 from what they are 1816.' Hayward's
+_Piozzi,_ ii. 178. Mrs. Piozzi writes as if Johnson's censure had been
+passed in 1816 and not in 1774.
+
+[1202] Mrs. Piozzi has the following MS. note on this:--'He said I
+flattered the people to whose houses we went. I was saucy, and said I
+was obliged to be civil for two, meaning himself and me. He replied
+nobody would thank me for compliments they did not understand. At
+Gwaynynog _he_ was flattered, and was happy of course.' Hayward's
+_Piozzi,_ i. 75. Sept. 21, 1778. _Mrs. Thrale._ 'I remember, Sir, when
+we were travelling in Wales, how you called me to account for my
+civility to the people. "Madam," you said, "let me have no more of this
+idle commendation of nothing. Why is it that whatever you see, and
+whoever you see, you are to be so indiscriminately lavish of praise?"
+"Why I'll tell you, Sir," said I, "when I am with you, and Mr. Thrale,
+and Queeny [Miss Thrale], I am obliged to be civil for four."' Mme.
+D'Arblay's _Diary,_ i. 132. On June 11, 1775, he wrote to Mrs. Thrale
+from Lichfield:--'Everybody remembers you all: you left a good
+impression behind you. I hope you will do the same at------. Do not make
+them speeches. Unusual compliments, to which there is no stated and
+prescriptive answer, embarrass the feeble, who know not what to say, and
+disgust the wise, who knowing them to be false suspect them to be
+hypocritical.' _Piozzi Letters,_ i. 232. She records that he once said
+to her:--'You think I love flattery, and so I do, but a little too much
+always disgusts me. That fellow Richardson [the novelist] on the
+contrary could not be contented to sail quietly down the stream of
+reputation, without longing to taste the froth from every stroke of the
+oar.' Piozzi's _Anec._ p. 184. See _ante_, iii. 293, for Johnson's
+rebuke of Hannah More's flattery.
+
+[1203] Johnson, in his Dictionary, defines _calamine_ or _lapis
+calaminaris_ as _a kind of fossile bituminous earth, which being mixed
+with copper changes it into brass._ It is native siliceous oxide of
+zinc. _The Imperial Dictionary._
+
+[1204] See _ante,_ iii. 164.
+
+[1205] 'No' or 'little' is here probably omitted. CROKER.
+
+[1206] The name of this house is Bodryddan; formerly the residence of
+the Stapyltons, the parents of five co-heiresses, of whom Mrs. Cotton,
+afterwards Lady Salusbury Cotton, was one. DUPPA.
+
+[1207] 'Dr. Johnson, whose ideas of anything not positively large were
+ever mingled with contempt, asked of one of our sharp currents in North
+Wales, "Has this _brook_ e'er a name?" and received for answer, "Why,
+dear Sir, this is the _River_ Ustrad." "Let us," said he, turning to his
+friend, "jump over it directly, and shew them how an Englishman should
+treat a Welsh river."' Piozzi's _Synonymy,_ i. 82.
+
+[1208] See _ante_, i. 313, note 4.
+
+[1209] On Aug. 16 he wrote to Mr. Levett:--'I have made nothing of the
+Ipecacuanha.' _Ante_, ii. 282. Mr. Croker suggests that _up_ is omitted
+after 'I gave.'
+
+[1210] See _post_, p. 453.
+
+[1211] F.G. are the printer's signatures, by which it appears that at
+this time four sheets (B, C, D, E), or 64 pages had already been
+printed. The MS. was 'put to the press' on June 20. _Ante_, ii. 278.
+
+[1212] The English version Psalm 36 begins,--'My heart sheweth me the
+wickedness of the ungodly,' which has no relation to 'Dixit injustus.'
+
+[1213] This alludes to 'A prayer by R.W., (evidently Robert Wisedom)
+which Sir Henry Ellis, of the British Museum, has found among the Hymns
+which follow the old version of the singing Psalms, at the end of
+Barker's _Bible_ of 1639. It begins,
+
+     'Preserve us, Lord, by thy deare word,
+      From Turk and Pope, defend us Lord,
+      Which both would thrust out of his throne
+      Our Lord Jesus Christ, thy deare son.'
+
+CROKER.
+
+[1214] 'Proinde quum dominus Matth. 6 docet discipulos suos ne in orando
+multiloqui sint, nihil aliud docet quam ne credant deum inani verborum
+strepitu flecti rem eandem subinde flagitantium. Nam Graecis est [Greek:
+battologaesate]. [Greek: Battologein] autem illis dicitur qui voces
+easdem frequenter iterant sine causa, vel loquacitatis, vel naturae, vel
+consuetudinis vitio. Alioqui juxta precepta rhetorum nonnunquam laudis
+est iterare verba, quemadmodum et Christus in cruce clamitat. Deus meus,
+deus meus: non erat illa [Greek: battologia], sed ardens ac vehemens
+affectus orantis.' Erasmus's _Works_, ed. 1540, v. 927.
+
+[1215] This alludes to Southwell's stanzas 'Upon the Image of Death,' in
+his _Maeonia_, [Maeoniae] a collection of spiritual poems:--
+
+     'Before my face the picture hangs,
+        That daily should put me in mind
+      Of those cold names and bitter pangs
+        That shortly I am like to find:
+      But, yet, alas! full little I
+      Do thinke hereon that I must die.' &c.
+
+Robert Southwell was an English Jesuit, who was imprisoned, tortured,
+and finally, in Feb. 1598 [1595] executed for teaching the Roman
+Catholic tenets in England. CROKER.
+
+[1216] This work, which Johnson was now reading, was, most probably, a
+little book, entitled _Baudi Epistolae_. In his _Life of Milton_
+[_Works_, vii. 115], he has made a quotation from it. DUPPA.
+
+[1217] Bishop Shipley had been an Army Chaplain. _Ante_, iii. 251.
+
+[1218] The title of the poem is [Greek: Poiaema nouthetikon]. DUPPA.
+
+[1219] This entry refers to the following passage in Leland's
+_Itinerary_, published by Thomas Hearne, ed. 1744, iv. 112. 'B. _Smith_
+in K.H.7. dayes, and last Bishop of _Lincolne_, beganne a new Foundation
+at this place settinge up a Mr. there with 2. Preistes, and 10. poore
+Men in an Hospitall. He sett there alsoe a Schoole-Mr. to teach Grammer
+that hath 10._l_. by the yeare, and an Under-Schoole-Mr. that hath
+5._l_. by the yeare. King H.7. was a great Benefactour to this new
+Foundation, and gave to it an ould Hospitall called Denhall in Wirhall
+in Cheshire.'
+
+[1220] _A Journey to Meqwinez, the Residence of the present Emperor of
+Fez and Morocco, on the Occasion of Commodore Stewart's Embassy thither,
+for the Redemption of the British captives, in the Year 1721_. DUPPA.
+
+[1221] The _Bibliotheca Literaria_ was published in London, 1722-4, in
+4to numbers, but only extended to ten numbers. DUPPA.
+
+[1222] By this expression it would seem, that on this day Johnson ate
+sparingly. DUPPA.
+
+[1223] 'A weakness of the knees, not without some pain in walking, which
+I feel increased after I have dined.' DUPPA.
+
+[1224] Penmaen Mawr is a huge rock, rising nearly 1550 feet
+perpendicular above the sea. Along a shelf of this precipice, is formed
+an excellent road, well guarded, toward the sea, by a strong wall,
+supported in many parts by arches turned underneath it. Before this wall
+was built, travellers sometimes fell down the precipices. DUPPA.
+
+[1225] See _post_, p. 453.
+
+[1226] 'Johnson said that one of the castles in Wales would contain all
+the castles that he had seen in Scotland.' _Ante_, ii. 285.
+
+[1227] This gentleman was a lieutenant in the Navy. DUPPA.
+
+[1228] Lady Catharine Percival, daughter of the second Earl of Egmont:
+this was, it appears, the lady of whom Mrs. Piozzi relates, that 'For a
+lady of quality, since dead, who received us at her husband's seat in
+Wales with less attention than he had long been accustomed to, he had a
+rougher denunciation:--"That woman," cried Johnson, "is like sour small
+beer, the beverage of her table, and produce of the wretched country she
+lives in: like that, she could never have been a good thing, and even
+that bad thing is spoiled."' [_Anec_. p. 171.] And it is probably of
+her, too, that another anecdote is told:--'We had been visiting at a
+lady's house, whom, as we returned, some of the company ridiculed for
+her ignorance:--"She is not ignorant," said he, "I believe, of any
+thing she has been taught, or of any thing she is desirous to know; and
+I suppose if one wanted a little _run tea_, she might be a proper person
+enough to apply to.'" [_Ib_. p. 219.] Mrs. Piozzi says, in her MS.
+letters, 'that Lady Catharine comes off well in the _diary_. He _said_
+many severe things of her, which he did not commit to paper.' She died
+in 1782. CROKER.
+
+[1229] Johnson described in 1762 his disappointment on his return to
+Lichfield. _Ante_, i. 370.
+
+[1230] 'It was impossible not to laugh at the patience Doctor Johnson
+shewed, when a Welsh parson of mean abilities, though a good heart,
+struck with reverence at the sight of Dr. Johnson, whom he had heard of
+as the greatest man living, could not find any words to answer his
+inquiries concerning a motto round somebody's arms which adorned a
+tomb-stone in Ruabon church-yard. If I remember right, the words were,
+
+     Heb Dw, Heb Dym,
+     Dw o' diggon.
+
+And though of no very difficult construction, the gentleman seemed
+wholly confounded, and unable to explain them; till Mr. Johnson, having
+picked out the meaning by little and little, said to the man, "_Heb_ is
+a preposition, I believe, Sir, is it not?" My countryman recovering some
+spirits upon the sudden question, cried out, "So I humbly presume, Sir,"
+very comically.' Piozzi's _Anec_. p. 238. The Welsh words, which are the
+Myddelton motto, mean, 'Without God, without all. God is
+all-sufficient.' _Piozzi MS_. Croker's _Boswell_, p. 423.
+
+[1231] In 1809 the whole income for Llangwinodyl, including surplice
+fees, amounted to forty-six pounds two shillings and twopence, and for
+Tydweilliog, forty-three pounds nineteen shillings and tenpence; so that
+it does not appear that Mr. Thrale carried into effect his good
+intention. DUPPA.
+
+[1232] Mr. Thrale was near-sighted, and could not see the goats browsing
+on Snowdon, and he promised his daughter, who was a child of ten years
+old, a penny for every goat she would shew him, and Dr. Johnson kept the
+account; so that it appears her father was in debt to her one hundred
+and forty-nine pence. Queeny was the epithet, which had its origin in
+the nursery, by which Miss Thrale was always distinguished by Johnson.
+DUPPA. Her name was Esther. The allusion was to Queen Esther. Johnson
+often pleasantly mentions her in his letters to her mother. Thus on July
+27, 1780, he writes:--'As if I might not correspond with my Queeney, and
+we might not tell one another our minds about politicks or morals, or
+anything else. Queeney and I are both steady and may be trusted; we are
+none of the giddy gabblers, we think before we speak.' _Piozzi Letters_,
+ii. 169. Four days later he wrote:--'Tell my pretty dear Queeney, that
+when we meet again, we will have, at least for some time, two lessons in
+a day. I love her and think on her when I am alone; hope we shall be
+very happy together and mind our books.' _Ib_. p. 173.
+
+[1233] See _ante_, iv. 421, for the inscription on an urn erected by Mr.
+Myddelton 'on the banks of a rivulet where Johnson delighted to stand
+and repeat verses.' On Sept. 18, 1777, Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale:
+--'Mr. ----'s erection of an urn looks like an intention to bury me
+alive; I would as willingly see my friend, however benevolent and
+hospitable, quietly inurned. Let him think for the present of some more
+acceptable memorial.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 371.
+
+[1234] Johnson wrote on Oct. 24, 1778:--'My two clerical friends Darby
+and Worthington have both died this month. I have known Worthington
+long, and to die is dreadful. I believe he was a very good man.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, ii. 26.
+
+[1235] Thomas, the second Lord Lyttelton. DUPPA.
+
+[1236] Mr. Gwynn the architect was a native of Shrewsbury, and was at
+this time completing a bridge across the Severn, called the English
+Bridge: besides this bridge, he built one at Acham, over the Severn,
+near to Shrewsbury; and the bridges at Worcester, Oxford [Magdalen
+Bridge], and Henley. DUPPA. He was also the architect of the Oxford
+Market, which was opened in 1774. _Oxford during the Last Century_, ed.
+1859, p. 45. Johnson and Boswell travelled to Oxford with him in March,
+1776. _Ante_, ii. 438. In 1778 he got into some difficulties, in which
+Johnson tried to help him, as is shewn by the following autograph letter
+in the possession of my friend Mr. M. M. Holloway:--
+
+'SIR,
+
+'Poor Mr. Gwyn is in great distress under the weight of the late
+determination against him, and has still hopes that some mitigation may
+be obtained. If it be true that whatever has by his negligence been
+amiss, may be redressed for a sum much less than has been awarded, the
+remaining part ought in equity to be returned, or, what is more
+desirable, abated. When the money is once paid, there is little hope of
+getting it again.
+
+'The load is, I believe, very hard upon him; he indulges some flattering
+opinions that by the influence of his academical friends it may be
+lightened, and will not be persuaded but that some testimony of my
+kindness may be beneficial. I hope he has been guilty of nothing worse
+than credulity, and he then certainly deserves commiseration. I never
+heard otherwise than that he was an honest man, and I hope that by your
+countenance and that of other gentlemen who favour or pity him some
+relief may be obtained.
+
+'I am, Sir, 'Your most humble servant, 'SAM. JOHNSON.' 'Bolt Court,
+Fleet-street, 'Jan. 30, 1778.'
+
+[1237] An ancestor of mine, a nursery-gardener, Thomas Wright by name,
+after whom my grandfather, Thomas Wright Hill, was called, planted this
+walk. The tradition preserved in my family is that on his wedding-day he
+took six men with him and planted these trees. When blamed for keeping
+the wedding-dinner waiting, he answered, that if what he had been doing
+turned out well, it would be of far more value than a wedding-dinner.
+
+[1238] The Rector of St. Chad's, in Shrewsbury. He was appointed Master
+of Pembroke College, Oxford, in the following year. See _ante_, ii. 441.
+
+[1239] 'I have heard Dr. Johnson protest that he never had quite as much
+as he wished of wall-fruit except once in his life, and that was when we
+were all together at Ombersley.' Piozzi's _Anec_. p. 103. Mrs. Thrale
+wrote to him in 1778:--'Mr. Scrase gives us fine fruit; I wished you my
+pear yesterday; but then what would one pear have done for you?' _Piozzi
+Letters_, ii. 36. It seems unlikely that Johnson should not at Streatham
+have had all the wall-fruit that he wished.
+
+[1240] This visit was not to Lord Lyttelton, but to his uncle
+[afterwards by successive creations, Lord Westcote, and Lord Lyttelton],
+the father of the present Lord Lyttelton, who lived at a house called
+Little Hagley. DUPPA. Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale in 1771:--'I would
+have been glad to go to Hagley in compliance with Mr. Lyttelton's kind
+invitation, for beside the pleasure of his conversation I should have
+had the opportunity of recollecting past times, and wandering _per
+montes notos et flumina nota_, of recalling the images of sixteen, and
+reviewing my conversations with poor Ford.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 42. He
+had been at school at Stourbridge, close by Hagley. _Ante_, i. 49. See
+Walpole's _Letters_, ix. 123, for an anecdote of Lord Westcote.
+
+[1241] Horace Walpole, writing of Hagley in Sept. 1753 (_Letters_, ii.
+352), says:--'There is extreme taste in the park: the seats are not the
+best, but there is not one absurdity. There is a ruined castle, built by
+Miller, that would get him his freedom even of Strawberry [Walpole's own
+house at Twickenham]: it has the true rust of the Barons' Wars.'
+
+[1242] 'Mrs. Lyttelton forced me to play at whist against my liking, and
+her husband took away Johnson's candle that he wanted to read by at the
+other end of the room. Those, I trust, were the offences.' _Piozzi
+MS._ CROKER.
+
+[1243] Johnson (_Works_, viii. 409) thus writes of Shenstone and the
+Leasowes:--'He began to point his prospects, to diversify his surface,
+to entangle his walks, and to wind his waters; which he did with such
+judgment and such fancy as made his little domain the envy of the great
+and the admiration of the skilful; a place to be visited by travellers
+and copied by designers. .... For awhile the inhabitants of Hagley
+affected to tell their acquaintance of the little fellow that was trying
+to make himself admired; but when by degrees the Leasowes forced
+themselves into notice, they took care to defeat the curiosity which
+they could not suppress by conducting their visitants perversely to
+inconvenient points of view, and introducing them at the wrong end of a
+walk to detect a deception; injuries of which Shenstone would heavily
+complain. Where there is emulation there will be vanity; and where there
+is vanity there will be folly. The pleasure of Shenstone was all in his
+eye: he valued what he valued merely for its looks; nothing raised his
+indignation more than to ask if there were any fishes in his water.' See
+_ante_, p. 345.
+
+[1244] See _ante_, iii. 187, and v. 429.
+
+[1245] 'He spent his estate in adorning it, and his death was probably
+hastened by his anxieties. He was a lamp that spent its oil in blazing.
+It is said that if he had lived a little longer he would have been
+assisted by a pension: such bounty could not have been ever more
+properly bestowed.' Johnson's _Works_, viii. 410. His friend, Mr.
+Graves, the author of _The Spiritual Quixote_, in a note on this passage
+says that, if he was sometimes distressed for money, yet he was able to
+leave legacies and two small annuities.
+
+[1246] Mr. Duppa--without however giving his authority--says that this
+was Dr. Wheeler, mentioned _ante_, iii. 366. The _Birmingham Directory_
+for the year 1770 shews that there were two tradesmen in the town of
+that name, one having the same Christian name, Benjamin, as Dr. Wheeler.
+
+[1247] Boswell visited these works in 1776. _Ante_, ii. 459.
+
+[1248] Burke in the House of Commons on Jan. 25, 1771, in a debate on
+Falkland's Island, said of the Spanish Declaration:--'It was made, I
+admit, on the true principles of trade and manufacture. It puts me in
+mind of a Birmingham button which has passed through an hundred hands,
+and after all is not worth three-halfpence a dozen.' _Parl. Hist._
+xvi. 1345.
+
+[1249] Johnson and Boswell drove through the Park in 1776. _Ante_, ii.
+451.
+
+[1250] 'My friend the late Lord Grosvenor had a house at Salt Hill,
+where I usually spent a part of the summer, and thus became acquainted
+with that great and good man, Jacob Bryant. Here the conversation turned
+one morning on a Greek criticism by Dr. Johnson in some volume lying on
+the table, which I ventured (_for I was then young_) to deem incorrect,
+and pointed it out to him. I could not help thinking that he was
+somewhat of my opinion, but he was cautious and reserved. "But, Sir,"
+said I, willing to overcome his scruples, "Dr. Johnson himself admitted
+that he was not a good Greek scholar." "Sir," he replied, with a serious
+and impressive air, "it is not easy for us to say what such a man as
+Johnson would call a good Greek scholar." I hope that I profited by that
+lesson--certainly I never forgot it.' Gifford's _Works of Ford_, vol. i.
+p. lxii. Croker's _Boswell_, p. 794. 'So notorious is Mr. Bryant's great
+fondness for studying and proving the truths of the creation according
+to Moses, that he told me himself, and with much quaint humour, a
+pleasantry of one of his friends in giving a character of
+him:--"Bryant," said he, "is a very good scholar, and knows all things
+whatever up to Noah, but not a single thing in the world beyond the
+Deluge."' Mme. D'Arblay's Diary, iii. 229.
+
+[1251] This is a work written by William Durand, Bishop of Mende, and
+printed on vellum, in folio, by Fust and Schoeffer, in Mentz, 1459. It
+is the third book that is known to be printed with a date. DUPPA. It is
+perhaps the first book with a date printed in movable metal type.
+_Brunei_, ed. 1861, ii. 904. See _ante_, ii. 397.
+
+[1252] Dr. Johnson, in another column of his _Diary_, has put down, in a
+note, 'First printed book in Greek, Lascaris's _Grammar_, 4to,
+Mediolani, 1476.' The imprint of this book is, _Mediolani Impressum per
+Magistrum Dionysium Paravisinum_. M.CCCC.LXXVI. Die xxx Januarii. The
+first book printed in the English language was the _Historyes of Troye_,
+printed in 1471. DUPPA. A copy of the _Historyes of Troy_ is exhibited
+in the Bodleian Library with the following superscription:--'Lefevre's
+_Recuyell of the historyes of Troye_. The first book printed in the
+English language. Issued by Caxton at Bruges about 1474.'
+
+[1253] _The Battle of the Frogs and Mice_. The first edition was printed
+by Laonicus Cretensis, 1486. DUPPA.
+
+[1254] Mr. Coulson was a Senior Fellow of University College. Lord
+Stowell informed me that he was very eccentric. He would on a fine day
+hang out of the college windows his various pieces of apparel to air,
+which used to be universally answered by the young men hanging out from
+all the other windows, quilts, carpets, rags, and every kind of trash,
+and this was called an _illumination_. His notions of the eminence and
+importance of his academic situation were so peculiar, that, when he
+afterwards accepted a college living, he expressed to Lord Stowell his
+doubts whether, after living so long in the _great world_, he might not
+grow weary of the comparative retirement of a country parish. CROKER.
+See _ante_, ii. 382, note.
+
+[1255] Dr. Robert Vansittart, Fellow of All Souls, and Regius Professor
+of Law. DUPPA. Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale on Nov. 3, 1773:--'Poor
+V------! There are not so many reasons as he thinks why he should envy
+me, but there are some; he wants what I have, a kind and careful
+mistress; and wants likewise what I shall want at my return. He is a
+good man, and when his mind is composed a man of parts.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 197. See _ante_, i. 348.
+
+[1256] See _ante_, ii. 285, note 3.
+
+
+THE END OF THE FIFTH VOLUME.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Life Of Johnson, Volume 5, by Boswell
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+    .toc  { margin-left: 15%; font-size: 14pt; margin-bottom: 0em;}
+    CENTER { padding: 10px;}
+    // -->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Life Of Johnson, Volume 5, by Boswell
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Life Of Johnson, Volume 5
+
+Author: Boswell
+
+Release Date: December 14, 2003 [EBook #10451]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LIFE OF JOHNSON, VOLUME 5 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Widger, Jonathan Ingram, Charlie Kirschner
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<a name="2H_4_1"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    BOSWELL'S
+</h2>
+<h1>
+    LIFE OF JOHNSON
+</h1>
+<center>
+    INCLUDING BOSWELL'S JOURNAL OF A TOUR TO THE HEBRIDES<br>
+    AND JOHNSON'S DIARY OF A JOURNEY INTO NORTH WALES
+</center>
+<center>
+    EDITED BY
+</center>
+<center>
+    GEORGE BIRKBECK HILL, D.C.L.
+</center>
+<center>
+    PEMBROKE COLLEGE, OXFORD
+</center>
+<center>
+    IN SIX VOLUMES
+</center>
+<center>
+    VOLUME V.
+    TOUR TO THE HEBRIDES (1773)
+</center>
+<center>
+    AND
+</center>
+<center>
+    JOURNEY INTO NORTH WALES (1774)
+</center>
+<a name="2H_4_2"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THE
+</h2>
+<center>
+    JOURNAL
+    OF A TOUR TO THE
+    <i>HEBRIDES</i>,
+</center>
+<center>
+    WITH
+</center>
+<center>
+    SAMUEL JOHNSON, LL.D.
+</center>
+<center><b>
+    BY <i>JAMES BOSWELL</i>, ESQ.
+</b></center>
+<center>
+    CONTAINING
+</center>
+<center>
+
+    Some Poetical Pieces by Dr. JOHNSON,<br>
+		relative to the TOUR, and never before published;<br /><br />
+
+    A Series of his Conversation, Literary Anecdotes,<br>
+		and Opinions of Men and Books:<br /><br />
+
+ WITH AN AUTHENTICK ACCOUNT OF<br /><br />
+
+    The Distresses and Escape of the GRANDSON of<br>
+		KING JAMES II. in the Year 1746.<br />
+
+</center>
+<center>
+    <i>THE THIRD EDITION, REVISED AND CORRECTED.</i>
+</center>
+<hr>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+       O! while along the stream of time, thy name
+     Expanded flies, and gathers all its fame,
+     Say, shall my little bark attendant fail,
+     Pursue the triumph and partake the gale?    POPE.
+
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<hr>
+<center>
+    <i>LONDON:</i><br>
+    PRINTED BY HENRY BALDWIN,<br>
+    FOR CHARLES DILLY, IN THE POULTRY.<br>
+    MDCCLXXXVI.<br>
+</center>
+
+
+
+<br /><br />
+<hr>
+<br /><br />
+
+<h2>Contents:</h2>
+
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+
+
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2HCON5">
+CONTENT DETAIL
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_8">
+SUNDAY, AUGUST 15
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_9">
+MONDAY, AUGUST 16.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_10">
+TUESDAY, AUGUST 17.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_11">
+WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 18.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_12">
+THURSDAY, AUGUST 19.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_13">
+FRIDAY, AUGUST 20.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_14">
+SATURDAY, AUGUST 31.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_15">
+SUNDAY, AUGUST 22.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_16">
+MONDAY, AUGUST 23.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_17">
+TUESDAY, AUGUST 24.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_18">
+WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 25.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_19">
+THURSDAY, AUGUST 26.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_20">
+FRIDAY, AUGUST 27.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_21">
+SATURDAY, AUGUST 28.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_22">
+SUNDAY, AUGUST 29.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_23">
+MONDAY, AUGUST 30.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_24">
+TUESDAY, AUGUST 31.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_25">
+WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 1.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_26">
+THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 2.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_27">
+FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 3.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_28">
+SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 4.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_29">
+SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 5.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_30">
+MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 6.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_31">
+TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_32">
+WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 8.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_33">
+THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 9.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_34">
+FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 10.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_35">
+SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 11.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_36">
+SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 12.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_37">
+MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 13.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_38">
+TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 14.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_39">
+WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 15.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_40">
+THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 16.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_41">
+FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 17.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_42">
+SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 18.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_43">
+SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 19.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_44">
+MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 20.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_45">
+TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 21.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_46">
+WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 22.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_47">
+THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 23.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_48">
+FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 24.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_49">
+SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 25.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_50">
+SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 26
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_51">
+MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 27.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_52">
+TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 28.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_53">
+WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 29[720].
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_54">
+THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 30.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_55">
+FRIDAY, OCTOBER 1.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_56">
+SATURDAY, OCTOBER 2.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_57">
+SUNDAY, OCTOBER 3.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_58">
+MONDAY, OCTOBER 4.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_59">
+TUESDAY, OCTOBER 5.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_60">
+WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 6.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_61">
+THURSDAY, OCTOBER 7.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_62">
+FRIDAY, OCTOBER 8.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_63">
+SUNDAY, OCTOBER 10.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_64">
+MONDAY, OCTOBER II.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_65">
+TUESDAY, OCTOBER 12.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_66">
+WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 13.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_67">
+THURSDAY, OCTOBER 14.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_68">
+SATURDAY, OCTOBER 16.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_69">
+SUNDAY, OCTOBER 17.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_70">
+MONDAY, OCTOBER 18.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_71">
+TUESDAY, OCTOBER 19.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_72">
+WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 20.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_73">
+THURSDAY, OCTOBER 21.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_74">
+FRIDAY, OCTOBER 22.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_75">
+SATURDAY, OCTOBER 23.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_76">
+SUNDAY, OCTOBER 24.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_77">
+MONDAY, OCTOBER 25.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_78">
+WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 27.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_79">
+THURSDAY, OCTOBER 28.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_80">
+FRIDAY, OCTOBER 29.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_81">
+SATURDAY, OCTOBER 30.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_82">
+SUNDAY, OCTOBER 31.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_83">
+MONDAY, NOVEMBER 1.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_84">
+TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 2.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_85">
+WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 3.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_86">
+THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 4.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_87">
+FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 5.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_88">
+SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 6.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_89">
+SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 7.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_90">
+MONDAY, NOVEMBER 8.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_91">
+TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 9.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_92">
+WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 10.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_93">
+THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 11.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2HAPP94">
+APPENDIX.
+</a></p>
+
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2HAPP96">
+APPENDIX A.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2HAPP97">
+APPENDIX B.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2HAPP98">
+APPENDIX C.
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_99">
+A JOURNEY INTO NORTH WALES<br>
+IN THE YEAR 1774
+</a></p>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#2HFOO100">
+FOOTNOTES:
+</a></p>
+
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<br /><br />
+<hr>
+<br /><br />
+
+<h2>
+    CONTENTS OF VOL. V.
+</h2>
+<br>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+
+
+JOURNAL OF A TOUR TO THE HEBRIDES WITH SAMUEL JOHNSON, LL.D.:<br>
+DEDICATION TO EDMOND MALONE, ESQ.<br>
+ADVERTISEMENT TO THE THIRD EDITION<br>
+CONTENTS<br>
+JOURNAL<br>
+APPENDICES:<br>
+ I. LETTER FROM DR. BLACKLOCK<br>
+II. VERSES BY SIR ALEXANDER MACDONALD<br>
+    ADVERTISEMENT OF THE LIFE<br>
+A.  EXTRACTS FROM WARBURTON<br>
+B.  LORD HOUGHTON'S TRANSLATION OF JOHNSON'S ODE WRITTEN IN SKY<br>
+C.  JOHNSON'S USE OF THE WORD <i>BIG</i><br>
+<br>
+A JOURNEY INTO NORTH WALES IN THE YEAR 1774<br>
+
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+
+<br /><br />
+<br /><br />
+<h2>
+    DEDICATION.
+</h2>
+<center>
+    <i>TO EDMOND MALONE, ESQ.</i>
+</center>
+<center>
+    MY DEAR SIR,
+</center>
+<p>
+    In every narrative, whether historical or biographical, authenticity is
+    of the utmost consequence<a href="#note-1">[1]</a>. Of this I have ever been so firmly
+    persuaded, that I inscribed a former work<a href="#note-2">[2]</a> to that person who was the
+    best judge of its truth. I need not tell you I mean General Paoli; who,
+    after his great, though unsuccessful, efforts to preserve the liberties
+    of his country, has found an honourable asylum in Britain, where he has
+    now lived many years the object of Royal regard and private respect<a href="#note-3">[3]</a>;
+    and whom I cannot name without expressing my very grateful sense of the
+    uniform kindness which he has been pleased to shew me<a href="#note-4">[4]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The friends of Doctor Johnson can best judge, from internal evidence,
+    whether the numerous conversations which form the most valuable part of
+    the ensuing pages are correctly related. To them, therefore, I wish to
+    appeal, for the accuracy of the portrait here exhibited to the world.
+</p>
+<p>
+    As one of those who were intimately acquainted with him, you have a
+    title to this address. You have obligingly taken the trouble to peruse
+    the original manuscript of this Tour, and can vouch for the strict
+    fidelity of the present publication<a href="#note-5">[5]</a>. Your literary alliance with our
+    much lamented friend, in consequence of having undertaken to render one
+    of his labours more complete, by your edition of <i>Shakspeare</i><a href="#note-6">[6]</a>, a work
+    which I am confident will not disappoint the expectations of the
+    publick, gives you another claim. But I have a still more powerful
+    inducement to prefix your name to this volume, as it gives me an
+    opportunity of letting the world know that I enjoy the honour and
+    happiness of your friendship; and of thus publickly testifying the
+    sincere regard with which I am,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+  My dear Sir,
+      Your very faithful
+          And obedient servant,
+              JAMES BOSWELL.
+
+  LONDON,
+20th September, 1785.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<a name="2H_4_4"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    ADVERTISEMENT
+</h2>
+<center>
+    TO THE
+</center>
+<center>
+    <i>THIRD EDITION.</i>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Animated by the very favourable reception which two large impressions of
+    this work have had<a href="#note-7">[7]</a>, it has been my study to make it as perfect as I
+    could in this edition, by correcting some inaccuracies which I
+    discovered myself, and some which the kindness of friends or the
+    scrutiny of adversaries pointed out. A few notes are added, of which the
+    principal object is, to refute misrepresentation and calumny.
+</p>
+<p>
+    To the animadversions in the periodical Journals of criticism, and in
+    the numerous publications to which my book has given rise, I have made
+    no answer. Every work must stand or fall by its own merit. I cannot,
+    however, omit this opportunity of returning thanks to a gentleman who
+    published a Defence of my Journal, and has added to the favour by
+    communicating his name to me in a very obliging letter.
+</p>
+<p>
+    It would be an idle waste of time to take any particular notice of the
+    futile remarks, to many of which, a petty national resentment, unworthy
+    of my countrymen, has probably given rise; remarks which have been
+    industriously circulated in the publick prints by shallow or envious
+    cavillers, who have endeavoured to persuade the world that Dr. Johnson's
+    character has been <i>lessened</i> by recording such various instances of
+    his lively wit and acute judgment, on every topick that was presented to
+    his mind. In the opinion of every person of taste and knowledge that I
+    have conversed with, it has been greatly <i>heightened</i>; and I will
+    venture to predict, that this specimen of the colloquial talents and
+    extemporaneous effusions of my illustrious fellow-traveller will become
+    still more valuable, when, by the lapse of time, he shall have become an
+    <i>ancient</i>; when all those who can now bear testimony to the transcendent
+    powers of his mind, shall have passed away; and no other memorial of
+    this great and good man shall remain but the following Journal, the
+    other anecdotes and letters preserved by his friends, and those
+    incomparable works, which have for many years been in the highest
+    estimation, and will be read and admired as long as the English language
+    shall be spoken or understood.
+</p>
+<center>
+    J.B.
+</center>
+<p>
+    LONDON, 15th Aug. 1786.
+</p>
+<a name="2HCON5"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    CONTENTS.
+</h2>
+<center>
+    DEDICATION.
+    ADVERTISEMENT.
+</center>
+<p>
+    INTRODUCTION. Character of Dr. Johnson. He arrives in Scotland.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 15</i>. Sir William Forbes. Practice of the law. Emigration. Dr.
+    Beattie and Mr. Hume. Dr. Robertson. Mr. Burke's various and
+    extraordinary talents. Question concerning genius. Whitfield and Wesley.
+    Instructions to political parties. Dr. Johnson's opinion of Garrick as a
+    tragedian.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 16</i>. Ogden on Prayer. Aphoristick writing. Edinburgh surveyed.
+    Character of Swift's works. Evil spirits and witchcraft. Lord Monboddo
+    and the Ouran-Outang.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 17</i>. Poetry and Dictionary writing. Scepticism. Eternal
+    necessity refuted. Lord Hailes's criticism on <i>The Vanity of Human
+    Wishes.</i> Mr. Maclaurin. Decision of the Judges in Scotland on
+    literary property.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 18</i>. Set out for the Hebrides. Sketch of the authour's
+    character. Trade of Glasgow. Suicide. Inchkeith. Parliamentary
+    knowledge. Influence of Peers. Popular clamours. Arrive at St. Andrews.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 19</i>. Dr. Watson. Literature and patronage. Writing and
+    conversation compared. Change of manners. The Union. Value of money. St.
+    Andrews and John Knox. Retirement from the world. Dinner with the
+    Professors. Question concerning sorrow and content. Instructions for
+    composition. Dr. Johnson's method. Uncertainty of memory.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 20</i>. Effect of prayer. Observance of Sunday. Professor Shaw.
+    Transubstantiation. Literary property. Mr. Tyers's remark on Dr.
+    Johnson. Arrive at Montrose.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 21</i>. Want of trees. Laurence Kirk. Dinner at Monboddo.
+    Emigration. Homer. Biography and history compared. Decrease of learning.
+    Causes of it. Promotion of bishops. Warburton. Lowth. Value of
+    politeness. Dr. Johnson's sentiments concerning Lord Monboddo. Arrive
+    at Aberdeen.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 22</i>. Professor Thomas Gordon. Publick and private education.
+    Sir Alexander Gordon. Trade of Aberdeen. Prescription of murder in
+    Scotland. Mystery of the Trinity. Satisfaction of Christ. Importance of
+    old friendships.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 23</i>. Dr. Johnson made a burgess of Aberdeen. Dinner at Sir
+    Alexander Gordon's. Warburton's powers of invective. His <i>Doctrine of
+    Grace</i>. Lock's verses. Fingal.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 24</i>. Goldsmith and Graham. Slains castle. Education of children.
+    Buller of Buchan. Entails. Consequence of Peers. Sir Joshua Reynolds.
+    Earl of Errol.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 25</i>. The advantage of being on good terms with relations.
+    Nabobs. Feudal state of subordination. Dinner at Strichen. Life of
+    country gentlemen. THE LITERARY CLUB.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 26</i>. Lord Monboddo. Use and importance of wealth. Elgin.
+    Macbeth's heath. Fores.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 27</i>. Leonidas. Paul Whitehead. Derrick. Origin of Evil.
+    Calder-manse. Reasonableness of ecclesiastical subscription.
+    Family worship.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 28</i>. Fort George. Sir Adolphus Oughton. Contest between
+    Warburton and Lowth. Dinner at Sir Eyre Coote's. Arabs and English
+    soldiers compared. The Stage. Mr. Garrick, Mrs. Cibber, Mrs. Pritchard,
+    Mrs. Clive. Inverness.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 29</i>. Macbeth's Castle. Incorrectness of writers of Travels.
+    Coinage of new words. Dr. Johnson's <i>Dictionary</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 30</i>. Dr. Johnson on horseback. A Highland hut. Fort Augustus.
+    Governour Trapaud.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>August 31</i>. Anoch. Emigration. Goldsmith. Poets and soldiers compared.
+    Life of a sailor. Landlord's daughter at Anoch.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 1</i>. Glensheal. The Macraas. Dr. Johnson's anger at being left
+    for a little while by the authour on a wild plain. Wretched inn
+    at Glenelg.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 2</i>. Dr. Johnson relents. Isle of Sky. Armidale.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 3</i>. Colonel Montgomery, now Earl of Eglintoune.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 4</i>. Ancient Highland Enthusiasm.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 5</i>. Sir James Macdonald's epitaph and last letters to his
+    mother. Dr. Johnson's Latin ode on the Isle of Sky. Isaac
+    Hawkins Browne.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 6</i>. Corrichatachin. Highland hospitality and mirth. Dr.
+    Johnson's Latin ode to Mrs. Thrale.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 7</i>. Uneasy state of dependence on the weather. State of those
+    who live in the country. Dr. M'Pherson's Dissertations. Second Sight.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 8</i>. Rev. Mr. Donald M'Queen. Mr. Malcolm M'Cleod. Sail to
+    Rasay. Fingal. Homer. Elegant and gay entertainment at Rasay.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 9</i>. Antiquity of the family of Rasay. Cure of infidelity.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 10</i>. Survey of the island of Rasay. Bentley. Mallet. Hooke.
+    Duchess of Marlborough.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 11</i>. Heritable jurisdictions. Insular life. The Laird of
+    M'Cleod.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 12</i>. Sail to Portree. Dr. Johnson's discourse on death.
+    Letters from Lord Elibank to Dr. Johnson and the authour. Dr. Johnson's
+    answer. Ride to Kingsburgh. Flora M'Donald.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 13</i>. Distresses and escape of the grandson of King James II.
+    Arrive at Dunvegan.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 14</i>. Importance of the chastity of women. Dr. Cadogan.
+    Whether the practice of authours is necessary to enforce their
+    Doctrines. Good humour acquirable.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 15</i>. Sir George M'Kenzie. Mr. Burke's wit, knowledge and
+    eloquence.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 16</i>. Dr. Johnson's hereditary melancholy. His minute
+    knowledge in various arts. Apology for the authour's ardour in his
+    pursuits. Dr. Johnson's imaginary seraglio. Polygamy.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 17</i>. Cunning. Whether great abilities are necessary to be
+    wicked. Temple of the Goddess Anaitis. Family portraits. Records not
+    consulted by old English historians. Mr. Pennant's Tours criticised.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 18</i>. Ancient residence of a Highland Chief. Languages the
+    pedigree of nations. Laird of the Isle of Muck.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 19</i>. Choice of a wife. Women an over-match for men. Lady
+    Grange in St. Kilda. Poetry of savages. French Literati. Prize-fighting.
+    French and English soldiers. Duelling.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 20</i>. Change of London manners. Laziness censured. Landed and
+    traded interest compared. Gratitude considered.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 21</i>. Description of Dunvegan. Lord Lovat's Pyramid. Ride to
+    Ulinish. Phipps's Voyage to the North Pole.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 22</i>. Subterraneous house and vast cave in Ulinish. Swift's
+    Lord Orrery. Defects as well as virtues the proper subject of biography,
+    though the life be written by a friend. Studied conclusions of letters.
+    Whether allowable in dying men to maintain resentment to the last.
+    Instructions for writing the lives of literary men. Fingal denied to be
+    genuine, and pleasantly ridiculed.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 23</i>. Further disquisition concerning Fingal. Eminent men
+    disconcerted by a new mode of publick appearance. Garrick. Mrs.
+    Montague's Essay on Shakspeare. Persons of consequence watched in
+    London. Learning of the Scots from 1550 to 1650. The arts of civil life
+    little known in Scotland till the Union. Life of a sailor. The folly of
+    Peter the Great in working in a dock-yard. Arrive at Talisker.
+    Presbyterian clergy deficient in learning.  <i>September 24</i>. French
+    hunting. Young Col. Dr. Birch, Dr. Percy. Lord Hailes. Historical
+    impartiality. Whiggism unbecoming in a clergyman.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 25</i>. Every island a prison. A Sky cottage. Return to
+    Corrichatachin. Good fellowship carried to excess.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 26</i>. Morning review of last night's intemperance. Old
+    Kingsburgh's Jacobite song. Lady Margaret Macdonald adored in Sky.
+    Different views of the same subject at different times. Self-deception.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 27</i>. Dr. Johnson's popularity in the Isle of Sky. His
+    good-humoured gaiety with a Highland lady.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 28</i>. Ancient Irish pride of family. Dr. Johnson on threshing
+    and thatching. Dangerous to increase the price of labour. Arrive at
+    Ostig. Dr. M'Pherson's Latin poetry.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 29</i>. Reverend Mr. M'Pherson, Shenstone. Hammond. Sir Charles
+    Hanbury Williams.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>September 30</i>. Mr. Burke the first man every where. Very moderate
+    talents requisite to make a figure in the House of Commons. Dr. Young.
+    Dr. Doddridge. Increase of infidel writings since the accession of the
+    Hanover family. Gradual impression made by Dr. Johnson. Particular
+    minutes to be kept of our studies.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 1</i>. Dr. Johnson not answerable for all the words in his
+    <i>Dictionary</i>. Attacks on authours useful to them. Return to Armidale.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 2</i>. Old manners of great families in Wales. German courts.
+    Goldsmith's love of talk. Emigration. Curious story of the people of
+    St. Kilda.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 3</i>. Epictetus on the voyage of death. Sail for Mull. A storm.
+    Driven into Col.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 4</i>. Dr. Johnson's mode of living in the Temple. His curious
+    appearance on a sheltie. Nature of sea-sickness. Burnet's <i>History of
+    his own Times</i>. Difference between dedications and histories.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 5</i>. People may come to do anything by talking of it. The
+    Reverend Mr. Hector Maclean. Bayle. Leibnitz and Clarke. Survey of Col.
+    Insular life. Arrive at Breacacha. Dr. Johnson's power of ridicule.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 6</i>. Heritable jurisdictions. The opinion of philosophers
+    concerning happiness in a cottage, considered. Advice to landlords.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 7</i>. Books the best solace in a state of confinement.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 8</i>. Pretended brother of Dr. Johnson. No redress for a man's
+    name being affixed to a foolish work. Lady Sidney Beauclerk. Carte's
+    <i>Life of the Duke of Ormond</i>. Col's cabinet. Letters of the great
+    Montrose. Present state of the island of Col.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 9</i>. Dr. Johnson's avidity for a variety of books. Improbability
+    of a Highland tradition. Dr. Johnson's delicacy of feeling.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 10</i>. Dependence of tenants on landlords.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 11</i>. London and Pekin compared. Dr. Johnson's high opinion of
+    the former.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 12</i>. Return to Mr. M'Sweyn's. Other superstitions beside those
+    connected with religion. Dr. Johnson disgusted with coarse manners. His
+    peculiar habits.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 13</i>. Bustle not necessary to dispatch. <i>Oats</i> the food not of
+    the Scotch alone.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 14</i>. Arrive in Mull. Addison's <i>Remarks on Italy</i>. Addison not
+    much conversant with Italian literature. The French masters of the art
+    of accommodating literature. Their <i>Ana</i>. Racine. Corneille. Moliere.
+    Fenelon. Voltaire. Bossuet. Massillon. Bourdaloue. Virgil's description
+    of the entrance into hell, compared to a printing-house.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 15</i>. Erse poetry. Danger of a knowledge of musick. The
+    propriety of settling our affairs so as to be always prepared for death.
+    Religion and literary attainments not to be described to young persons
+    as too hard. Reception of the travellers in their progress. Spence.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 16</i>. Miss Maclean. Account of Mull. The value of an oak
+    walking-stick in the Hebrides. Arrive at Mr. M'Quarrie's in Ulva.
+    Captain Macleod. Second Sight. <i>Mercheta Mulierum</i>, and Borough-English.
+    The grounds on which the sale of an estate may be set aside in a court
+    of equity.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 17</i>. Arrive at Inchkenneth. Sir Allan Maclean and his
+    daughters. None but theological books should be read on Sunday. Dr.
+    Campbell. Dr. Johnson exhibited as a Highlander. Thoughts on drinking.
+    Dr. Johnson's Latin verses on Inchkenneth.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 18</i>. Young Col's various good qualities. No extraordinary
+    talents requisite to success in trade. Dr. Solander. Mr. Burke. Dr.
+    Johnson's intrepidity and presence of mind. Singular custom in the
+    islands of Col and Otaheité. Further elogium on young Col. Credulity of
+    a Frenchman in foreign countries.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 19</i>. Death of young Col. Dr. Johnson slow of belief without
+    strong evidence. <i>La Crédulité des incrédules</i>. Coast of Mull. Nun's
+    Island. Past scenes pleasing in recollection. Land on Icolmkill.
+    <i>October 20</i>. Sketch of the ruins of Icolmkill. Influence of solemn
+    scenes of piety. Feudal authority in the extreme. Return to Mull.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 21</i>. Pulteney. Pitt. Walpole. Mr. Wilkes. English and Jewish
+    history compared. Scotland composed of stone and water, and a little
+    earth. Turkish Spy. Dreary ride to Lochbuy. Description of the laird.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 22</i>. Uncommon breakfast offered to Dr. Johnson, and rejected.
+    Lochbuy's war-saddle. Sail to Oban.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 23</i>. Goldsmith's <i>Traveller</i>. Pope and Cowley compared.
+    Archibald Duke of Argyle. Arrive at Inverary. Dr. Johnson drinks some
+    whisky, and assigns his reason. Letter from the authour to Mr. Garrick.
+    Mr. Garrick's answer.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 24</i>. Specimen of Ogden on Prayer. Hervey's <i>Meditations</i>. Dr.
+    Johnson's Meditation on a Pudding. Country neighbours. The authour's
+    visit to the castle of Inverary. Perverse opposition to the influence of
+    Peers in Ayrshire.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 25</i>. Dr. Johnson presented to the Duke of Argyle. Grandeur of
+    his grace's seat. The authour possesses himself in an embarrassing
+    situation. Honourable Archibald Campbell on <i>a middle state</i>. The old
+    Lord Townshend. Question concerning luxury. Nice trait of character.
+    Good principles and bad practice.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 26</i>. A passage in Home's <i>Douglas</i>, and one in <i>Juvenal</i>,
+    compared. Neglect of religious buildings in Scotland. Arrive at Sir
+    James Colquhoun's.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 27</i>. Dr. Johnson's letter to the Duke of Argyle. His grace's
+    answer. Lochlomond. Dr. Johnson's sentiments on dress. Forms of prayer
+    considered. Arrive at Mr. Smollet's.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 28</i>. Dr. Smollet's Epitaph. Dr. Johnson's wonderful memory. His
+    alacrity during the Tour. Arrive at Glasgow.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 29</i>. Glasgow surveyed. Attention of the professors to Dr.
+    Johnson.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 30</i>. Dinner at the Earl of Loudoun's. Character of that
+    nobleman. Arrive at Treesbank.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>October 31</i>. Sir John Cunningham of Caprington.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>November 1</i>. Rules for the distribution of charity. Castle of
+    Dundonald. Countess of Eglintoune. Alexander Earl of Eglintoune.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>November 2</i>. Arrive at Auchinleck. Character of Lord Auchinleck, His
+    idea of Dr. Johnson.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>November 3</i>. Dr. Johnson's sentiments concerning the Highlands. Mr.
+    Harris of Salisbury.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>November 4</i>. Auchinleck. Cattle without horns. Composure of mind how
+    far attainable.  <i>November 5</i>. Dr. Johnson's high respect for the
+    English clergy.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>November 6</i>. Lord Auchinleck and Dr. Johnson in collision.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>November 7</i>. Dr. Johnson's uniform piety. His dislike of presbyterian
+    worship.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>November 8</i>. Arrive at Hamilton.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>November 9</i>. The Duke of Hamilton's house. Arrive at Edinburgh.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>November 10</i>. Lord Elibank. Difference in political principles
+    increased by opposition. Edinburgh Castle. Fingal. English credulity not
+    less than Scottish. Second Sight. Garrick and Foote compared as
+    companions. Moravian Missions and Methodism.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>November 11</i>. History originally oral. Dr. Robertson's liberality of
+    sentiment. Rebellion natural to man.
+</p>
+
+<br /><br />
+<hr>
+<a name="2HSUM6"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>
+    Summary account of the manner in which Dr. Johnson spent his time from
+    November 12 to November 21. Lord Mansfield, Mr. Richardson. The private
+    life of an English Judge. Dr. Johnson's high opinion of Dr. Robertson
+    and Dr. Blair. Letter from Dr. Blair to the authour. Officers of the
+    army often ignorant of things belonging to their own profession. Academy
+    for the deaf and dumb. A Scotch Highlander and an English sailor.
+    Attacks on authours advantageous to them. Roslin Castle and Hawthornden.
+    Dr. Johnson's <i>Parody of Sir John Dalrymple's Memoirs</i>. Arrive at
+    Cranston. Dr. Johnson's departure for London. Letters from Lord Hailes
+    and Mr. Dempster to the authour. Letter from the Laird of Rasay to the
+    authour. The authour's answer. Dr. Johnson's Advertisement,
+    acknowledging a mistake in his <i>Journey to the Western Islands</i>. His
+    letter to the Laird of Rasay. Letter from Sir William Forbes to the
+    authour. Conclusion.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     HE WAS OF AN ADMIRABLE PREGNANCY OF WIT, AND THAT PREGNANCY
+     MUCH IMPROVED BY CONTINUAL STUDY FROM HIS CHILDHOOD:
+     BY WHICH HE HAD GOTTEN SUCH A PROMPTNESS IN EXPRESSING HIS
+     MIND, THAT HIS EXTEMPORAL SPEECHES WERE LITTLE INFERIOR TO
+     HIS PREMEDITATED WRITINGS. MANY, NO DOUBT, HAD READ AS MUCH,
+     AND PERHAPS MORE THAN HE; BUT SCARCE EVER ANY CONCOCTED
+     HIS READING INTO JUDGEMENT AS HE DID<a href="#note-8">[8]</a>.
+
+     <i>Baker's Chronicle</i> [ed. 1665, p. 449].
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<a name="2H_4_7"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THE
+</h2>
+<center>
+    JOURNAL
+</center>
+<center>
+    OF A
+</center>
+<center>
+    TOUR TO THE HEBRIDES
+</center>
+<center>
+    WITH
+</center>
+<center>
+    SAMUEL JOHNSON, LL.D.
+</center>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson had for many years given me hopes that we should go
+    together, and visit the Hebrides<a href="#note-9">[9]</a>. Martin's Account of those islands
+    had impressed us with a notion that we might there contemplate a system
+    of life almost totally different from what we had been accustomed to
+    see; and, to find simplicity and wildness, and all the circumstances of
+    remote time or place, so near to our native great island, was an object
+    within the reach of reasonable curiosity. Dr. Johnson has said in his
+    <i>Journey</i><a href="#note-10">[10]</a> 'that he scarcely remembered how the wish to visit the
+    Hebrides was excited;' but he told me, in summer, 1763<a href="#note-11">[11]</a>, that his
+    father put Martin's Account into his hands when he was very young, and
+    that he was much pleased with it. We reckoned there would be some
+    inconveniencies and hardships, and perhaps a little danger; but these we
+    were persuaded were magnified in the imagination of every body. When I
+    was at Ferney, in 1764, I mentioned our design to Voltaire. He looked at
+    me, as if I had talked of going to the North Pole, and said, 'You do not
+    insist on my accompanying you?'&mdash;'No, Sir,'&mdash;'Then I am very willing
+    you should go.' I was not afraid that our curious expedition would be
+    prevented by such apprehensions; but I doubted that it would not be
+    possible to prevail on Dr. Johnson to relinquish, for some time, the
+    felicity of a London life, which, to a man who can enjoy it with full
+    intellectual relish, is apt to make existence in any narrower sphere
+    seem insipid or irksome. I doubted that he would not be willing to come
+    down from his elevated state of philosophical dignity; from a
+    superiority of wisdom among the wise, and of learning among the learned;
+    and from flashing his wit upon minds bright enough to reflect it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He had disappointed my expectations so long, that I began to despair;
+    but in spring, 1773, he talked of coming to Scotland that year with so
+    much firmness, that I hoped he was at last in earnest. I knew that, if
+    he were once launched from the metropolis he would go forward very well;
+    and I got our common friends there to assist in setting him afloat. To
+    Mrs. Thrale in particular, whose enchantment over him seldom failed, I
+    was much obliged. It was, '<i>I'll give thee a wind.</i>'-' <i>Thou art
+    kind.</i><a href="#note-12">[12]</a>'&mdash;To <i>attract</i> him, we had invitations from the chiefs
+    Macdonald and Macleod; and, for additional aid, I wrote to Lord
+    Elibank<a href="#note-13">[13]</a>, Dr. William Robertson, and Dr. Beattie.
+</p>
+<p>
+    To Dr. Robertson, so far as my letter concerned the present subject, I
+    wrote as follows:
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Our friend, Mr. Samuel Johnson, is in great health and spirits; and, I
+    do think, has a serious resolution to visit Scotland this year. The more
+    attraction, however, the better; and therefore, though I know he will be
+    happy to meet you there, it will forward the scheme, if, in your answer
+    to this, you express yourself concerning it with that power of which you
+    are so happily possessed, and which may be so directed as to operate
+    strongly upon him.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    His answer to that part of my letter was quite as I could have wished.
+    It was written with the address and persuasion of the historian of
+    America.  'When I saw you last, you gave us some hopes that you might
+    prevail with Mr. Johnson to make out that excursion to Scotland, with
+    the expectation of which we have long flattered ourselves. If he could
+    order matters so, as to pass some time in Edinburgh, about the close of
+    the summer session, and then visit some of the Highland scenes, I am
+    confident he would be pleased with the grand features of nature in many
+    parts of this country: he will meet with many persons here who respect
+    him, and some whom I am persuaded he will think not unworthy of his
+    esteem. I wish he would make the experiment. He sometimes cracks his
+    jokes upon us; but he will find that we can distinguish between the
+    stabs of malevolence, and <i>the rebukes of the righteous, which are like
+    excellent oil<a href="#note-14">[14]</a>, and break not the head[15]</i>. Offer my best
+    compliments to him, and assure him that I shall be happy to have the
+    satisfaction of seeing him under my roof.
+</p>
+<p>
+    To Dr. Beattie I wrote, 'The chief intention of this letter is to inform
+    you, that I now seriously believe Mr. Samuel Johnson will visit Scotland
+    this year: but I wish that every power of attraction may be employed to
+    secure our having so valuable an acquisition, and therefore I hope you
+    will without delay write to me what I know you think, that I may read it
+    to the mighty sage, with proper emphasis, before I leave London, which I
+    must do soon. He talks of you with the same warmth that he did last
+    year<a href="#note-16">[16]</a>. We are to see as much of Scotland as we can, in the months of
+    August and September. We shall not be long of being at Marischal
+    College<a href="#note-17">[17]</a>. He is particularly desirous of seeing some of the
+    Western Islands.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Beattie did better: <i>ipse venit</i>. He was, however, so polite as to
+    wave his privilege of <i>nil mihi rescribas<a href="#note-18">[18]</a></i>, and wrote from
+    Edinburgh, as follows:&mdash;'Your very kind and agreeable favour of the
+    20th of April overtook me here yesterday, after having gone to Aberdeen,
+    which place I left about a week ago. I am to set out this day for
+    London, and hope to have the honour of paying my respects to Mr. Johnson
+    and you, about a week or ten days hence. I shall then do what I can, to
+    enforce the topick you mention; but at present I cannot enter upon it,
+    as I am in a very great hurry; for I intend to begin my journey within
+    an hour or two.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He was as good as his word, and threw some pleasing motives into the
+    northern scale. But, indeed, Mr. Johnson loved all that he heard, from
+    one whom he tells us, in his <i>Lives of the Poets</i>, Gray found 'a poet, a
+    philosopher, and a good man<a href="#note-19">[19]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    My Lord Elibank did not answer my letter to his lordship for some time.
+    The reason will appear, when we come to the isle of <i>Sky</i><a href="#note-20">[20]</a>. I shall
+    then insert my letter, with letters from his lordship, both to myself
+    and Mr. Johnson. I beg it may be understood, that I insert my own
+    letters, as I relate my own sayings, rather as keys to what is valuable
+    belonging to others, than for their own sake.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Luckily Mr. Justice (now Sir Robert) Chambers<a href="#note-21">[21]</a>, who was about to sail
+    for the East-Indies, was going to take leave of his relations at
+    Newcastle, and he conducted Dr. Johnson to that town. Mr. Scott, of
+    University College, Oxford, (now Dr. Scott<a href="#note-22">[22]</a>, of the Commons,)
+    accompanied him from thence to Edinburgh, With such propitious convoys
+    did he proceed to my native city. But, lest metaphor should make it be
+    supposed he actually went by sea, I choose to mention that he travelled
+    in post-chaises, of which the rapid motion was one of his most favourite
+    amusements<a href="#note-23">[23]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Samuel Johnson's character, religious, moral, political, and
+    literary, nay his figure and manner, are, I believe, more generally
+    known than those of almost any man; yet it may not be superfluous here
+    to attempt a sketch of him. Let my readers then remember that he was a
+    sincere and zealous Christian, of high church of England and monarchical
+    principles, which he would not tamely suffer to be questioned; steady
+    and inflexible in maintaining the obligations of piety and virtue, both
+    from a regard to the order of society, and from a veneration for the
+    Great Source of all order; correct, nay stern in his taste; hard to
+    please, and easily offended, impetuous and irritable in his temper, but
+    of a most humane and benevolent heart; having a mind stored with a vast
+    and various collection of learning and knowledge, which he communicated
+    with peculiar perspicuity and force, in rich and choice expression. He
+    united a most logical head with a most fertile imagination, which gave
+    him an extraordinary advantage in arguing; for he could reason close or
+    wide, as he saw best for the moment. He could, when he chose it, be the
+    greatest sophist that ever wielded a weapon in the schools of
+    declamation; but he indulged this only in conversation; for he owned he
+    sometimes talked for victory<a href="#note-24">[24]</a>; he was too conscientious to make
+    errour permanent and pernicious, by deliberately writing it. He was
+    conscious of his superiority. He loved praise when it was brought to
+    him; but was too proud to seek for it. He was somewhat susceptible of
+    flattery<a href="#note-25">[25]</a>. His mind was so full of imagery, that he might have been
+    perpetually a poet. It has been often remarked, that in his poetical
+    pieces, which it is to be regretted are so few, because so excellent,
+    his style is easier than in his prose. There is deception in this: it is
+    not easier, but better suited to the dignity of verse; as one may dance
+    with grace, whose motions, in ordinary walking, in the common step, are
+    awkward. He had a constitutional melancholy, the clouds of which
+    darkened the brightness of his fancy, and gave a gloomy cast to his
+    whole course of thinking: yet, though grave and awful in his deportment,
+    when he thought it necessary or proper, he frequently indulged himself
+    in pleasantry and sportive sallies. He was prone to superstition, but
+    not to credulity. Though his imagination might incline him to a belief
+    of the marvellous and the mysterious, his vigorous reason examined the
+    evidence with jealousy. He had a loud voice, and a slow deliberate
+    utterance, which no doubt gave some additional weight to the sterling
+    metal of his conversation<a href="#note-26">[26]</a>. His person was large, robust, I may say
+    approaching to the gigantick, and grown unwieldy from corpulency. His
+    countenance was naturally of the cast of an ancient statue, but somewhat
+    disfigured by the scars of that <i>evil</i>, which, it was formerly imagined,
+    the <i>royal touch</i><a href="#note-27">[27]</a> could cure. He was now in his sixty-fourth year,
+    and was become a little dull of hearing. His sight had always been
+    somewhat weak; yet, so much does mind govern, and even supply the
+    deficiency of organs, that his perceptions were uncommonly quick and
+    accurate<a href="#note-28">[28]</a>. His head, and sometimes also his body shook with a kind of
+    motion like the effect of a palsy: he appeared to be frequently
+    disturbed by cramps, or convulsive contractions<a href="#note-29">[29]</a>, of the nature of
+    that distemper called <i>St. Vitus's dance</i>. He wore a full suit of plain
+    brown clothes, with twisted hair-buttons<a href="#note-30">[30]</a> of the same colour, a
+    large bushy greyish wig, a plain shirt, black worsted stockings, and
+    silver buckles. Upon this tour, when journeying, he wore boots, and a
+    very wide brown cloth great coat, with pockets which might have almost
+    held the two volumes of his folio <i>Dictionary</i>; and he carried in his
+    hand a large English oak stick. Let me not be censured for mentioning
+    such minute particulars. Every thing relative to so great a man is worth
+    observing. I remember Dr. Adam Smith, in his rhetorical lectures at
+    Glasgow<a href="#note-31">[31]</a>, told us he was glad to know that Milton wore latchets in
+    his shoes, instead of buckles. When I mention the oak stick, it is but
+    letting <i>Hercules</i> have his club; and, by-and-by, my readers will find
+    this stick will bud, and produce a good joke<a href="#note-32">[32]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    This imperfect sketch of 'the COMBINATION and the <i>form</i><a href="#note-33">[33]</a>' of that
+    Wonderful Man, whom I venerated and loved while in this world, and after
+    whom I gaze with humble hope, now that it has pleased ALMIGHTY GOD to
+    call him to a better world, will serve to introduce to the fancy of my
+    readers the capital object of the following journal, in the course of
+    which I trust they will attain to a considerable degree of
+    acquaintance with him.
+</p>
+<p>
+    His prejudice against Scotland<a href="#note-34">[34]</a> was announced almost as soon as he
+    began to appear in the world of Letters. In his <i>London</i>, a poem, are
+    the following nervous lines:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'For who would leave, unbrib'd, Hibernia's land?
+      Or change the rocks of Scotland for the Strand?
+      There none are swept by sudden fate away;
+      But all, whom hunger spares, with age decay.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    The truth is, like the ancient Greeks and Romans, he allowed himself to
+    look upon all nations but his own as barbarians<a href="#note-35">[35]</a>: not only Hibernia,
+    and Scotland, but Spain, Italy, and France, are attacked in the same
+    poem. If he was particularly prejudiced against the Scots, it was
+    because they were more in his way; because he thought their success in
+    England rather exceeded the due proportion of their real merit; and
+    because he could not but see in them that nationality which I believe no
+    liberal-minded Scotsman will deny. He was indeed, if I may be allowed
+    the phrase, at bottom much of a <i>John Bull</i><a href="#note-36">[36]</a>; much of a blunt <i>true
+    born Englishman</i><a href="#note-37">[37]</a>. There was a stratum of common clay under the rock
+    of marble. He was voraciously fond of good eating<a href="#note-38">[38]</a>; and he had a
+    great deal of that quality called <i>humour</i>, which gives an oiliness and
+    a gloss to every other quality.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I am, I flatter myself, completely a citizen of the world.&mdash;In my
+    travels through Holland, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Corsica, France, I
+    never felt myself from home; and I sincerely love 'every kindred and
+    tongue and people and nation<a href="#note-39">[39]</a>.' I subscribe to what my late truly
+    learned and philosophical friend Mr. Crosbie<a href="#note-40">[40]</a> said, that the English
+    are better animals than the Scots; they are nearer the sun; their blood
+    is richer, and more mellow: but when I humour any of them in an
+    outrageous contempt of Scotland, I fairly own I treat them as children.
+    And thus I have, at some moments, found myself obliged to treat even
+    Dr. Johnson.
+</p>
+<p>
+    To Scotland however he ventured; and he returned from it in great good
+    humour, with his prejudices much lessened, and with very grateful
+    feelings of the hospitality with which he was treated; as is evident
+    from that admirable work, his <i>Journey to the Western Islands of
+    Scotland</i>, which, to my utter astonishment, has been misapprehended,
+    even to rancour, by many of my countrymen.  To have the company of
+    Chambers and Scott, he delayed his journey so long, that the court of
+    session, which rises on the eleventh of August, was broke up before he
+    got to Edinburgh<a href="#note-41">[41]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    On Saturday the fourteenth of August, 1773, late in the evening, I
+    received a note from him, that he was arrived at Boyd's inn<a href="#note-42">[42]</a>, at the
+    head of the Canongate. I went to him directly. He embraced me cordially;
+    and I exulted in the thought, that I now had him actually in Caledonia.
+    Mr. Scott's amiable manners, and attachment to our <i>Socrates</i>, at once
+    united me to him. He told me that, before I came in, the Doctor had
+    unluckily had a bad specimen of Scottish cleanliness<a href="#note-43">[43]</a>. He then drank
+    no fermented liquor. He asked to have his lemonade made sweeter; upon
+    which the waiter, with his greasy fingers, lifted a lump of sugar, and
+    put it into it. The Doctor, in indignation, threw it out of the window.
+    Scott said, he was afraid he would have knocked the waiter down. Mr.
+    Johnson told me, that such another trick was played him at the house of
+    a lady in Paris<a href="#note-44">[44]</a>. He was to do me the honour to lodge under my roof.
+    I regretted sincerely that I had not also a room for Mr. Scott. Mr.
+    Johnson and I walked arm-in-arm up the High=street, to my house in
+    James's court<a href="#note-45">[45]</a>: it was a dusky night: I could not prevent his being
+    assailed by the evening effluvia of Edinburgh. I heard a late baronet,
+    of some distinction in the political world in the beginning of the
+    present reign, observe, that 'walking the streets of Edinburgh at night
+    was pretty perilous, and a good deal odoriferous.' The peril is much
+    abated, by the care which the magistrates have taken to enforce the city
+    laws against throwing foul water from the windows<a href="#note-46">[46]</a>; but from the
+    structure of the houses in the old town, which consist of many stories,
+    in each of which a different family lives, and there being no covered
+    sewers, the ordour still continues. A zealous Scotsman would have wished
+    Mr. Johnson to be without one of his five senses upon this occasion. As
+    we marched slowly along, he grumbled in my ear, 'I smell you in the
+    dark<a href="#note-47">[47]</a>!' But he acknowledged that the breadth of the street, and the
+    loftiness of the buildings on each side made a noble appearance<a href="#note-48">[48]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    My wife had tea ready for him, which it is well known he delighted to
+    drink at all hours, particularly when sitting up late, and of which his
+    able defence against Mr. Jonas Hanway<a href="#note-49">[49]</a> should have obtained him a
+    magnificent reward from the East-India Company. He shewed much
+    complacency upon finding that the mistress of the house was so attentive
+    to his singular habit; and as no man could be more polite when he chose
+    to be so, his address to her was most courteous and engaging; and his
+    conversation soon charmed her into a forgetfulness of his external
+    appearance<a href="#note-50">[50]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I did not begin to keep a regular full journal till some days after we
+    had set out from Edinburgh; but I have luckily preserved a good many
+    fragments of his <i>Memorabilia</i> from his very first evening in Scotland.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We had, a little before this, had a trial for murder, in which the
+    judges had allowed the lapse of twenty years since its commission as a
+    plea in bar, in conformity with the doctrine of prescription in the
+    <i>civil</i> law, which Scotland and several other countries in Europe have
+    adopted. He at first disapproved of this; but then he thought there was
+    something in it, if there had been for twenty years a neglect to
+    prosecute a crime which was <i>known</i>. He would not allow that a murder,
+    by not being <i>discovered</i> for twenty years, should escape
+    punishment<a href="#note-51">[51]</a>. We talked of the ancient trial by duel. He did not think
+    it so absurd as is generally supposed; 'For (said he) it was only
+    allowed when the question was <i>in equilibrio</i>, as when one affirmed and
+    another denied; and they had a notion that Providence would interfere in
+    favour of him who was in the right. But as it was found that in a duel,
+    he who was in the right had not a better chance than he who was in the
+    wrong, therefore society instituted the present mode of trial, and gave
+    the advantage to him who is in the right.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We sat till near two in the morning, having chatted a good while after
+    my wife left us. She had insisted, that to shew all respect to the Sage
+    she would give up her own bed-chamber to him and take a worse<a href="#note-52">[52]</a>. This
+    I cannot but gratefully mention, as one of a thousand obligations which
+    I owe her, since the great obligation of her being pleased to accept of
+    me as her husband<a href="#note-53">[53]</a>.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_8"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SUNDAY, AUGUST 15<a href="#note-54">[54]</a>
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Mr. Scott came to breakfast, at which I introduced to Dr. Johnson and
+    him, my friend Sir William Forbes, now of Pitsligo<a href="#note-55">[55]</a>; a man of whom
+    too much good cannot be said; who, with distinguished abilities and
+    application in his profession of a Banker, is at once a good companion,
+    and a good christian; which I think is saying enough. Yet it is but
+    justice to record, that once, when he was in a dangerous illness, he was
+    watched with the anxious apprehension of a general calamity; day and
+    night his house was beset with affectionate enquiries; and, upon his
+    recovery, <i>Te deum</i> was the universal chorus from the <i>hearts</i> of his
+    countrymen.  Mr. Johnson was pleased with my daughter Veronica<a href="#note-56">[56]</a>,
+    then a child of about four months old. She had the appearance of
+    listening to him. His motions seemed to her to be intended for her
+    amusement; and when he stopped, she fluttered, and made a little
+    infantine noise, and a kind of signal for him to begin again. She would
+    be held close to him; which was a proof, from simple nature, that his
+    figure was not horrid. Her fondness for him endeared her still more to
+    me, and I declared she should have five hundred pounds of additional
+    fortune<a href="#note-57">[57]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We talked of the practice of the law. Sir William Forbes said, he
+    thought an honest lawyer should never undertake a cause which he was
+    satisfied was not a just one. 'Sir, (said Mr. Johnson,) a lawyer has no
+    business with the justice or injustice of the cause which he undertakes,
+    unless his client asks his opinion, and then he is bound to give it
+    honestly. The justice or injustice of the cause is to be decided by the
+    judge. Consider, Sir; what is the purpose of courts of justice? It is,
+    that every man may have his cause fairly tried, by men appointed to try
+    causes. A lawyer is not to tell what he knows to be a lie: he is not to
+    produce what he knows to be a false deed; but he is not to usurp the
+    province of the jury and of the judge, and determine what shall be the
+    effect of evidence,&mdash;what shall be the result of legal argument. As it
+    rarely happens that a man is fit to plead his own cause, lawyers are a
+    class of the community, who, by study and experience, have acquired the
+    art and power of arranging evidence, and of applying to the points at
+    issue what the law has settled. A lawyer is to do for his client all
+    that his client might fairly do for himself, if he could. If, by a
+    superiority of attention, of knowledge, of skill, and a better method of
+    communication, he has the advantage of his adversary, it is an
+    advantage to which he is entitled. There must always be some advantage,
+    on one side or other; and it is better that advantage should be had by
+    talents than by chance. Lawyers were to undertake no causes till they
+    were sure they were just, a man might be precluded altogether from a
+    trial of his claim, though, were it judicially examined it might be
+    found a very just claim<a href="#note-58">[58]</a>.' This was sound practical doctrine, and
+    rationally repressed a too refined scrupulosity<a href="#note-59">[59]</a> of conscience.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Emigration was at this time a common topick of discourse<a href="#note-60">[60]</a>. Dr.
+    Johnson regretted it as hurtful to human happiness: 'For (said he) it
+    spreads mankind, which weakens the defence of a nation, and lessens the
+    comfort of living. Men, thinly scattered, make a shift, but a bad shift,
+    without many things. A smith is ten miles off: they'll do without a nail
+    or a staple. A taylor is far from them: they'll botch their own clothes.
+    It is being concentrated which produces high convenience<a href="#note-61">[61]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Sir William Forbes, Mr. Scott, and I, accompanied Mr. Johnson to the
+    chapel<a href="#note-62">[62]</a>, founded by Lord Chief Baron Smith, for the Service of the
+    Church of England. The Reverend Mr. Carre, the senior clergyman,
+    preached from these words, 'Because the Lord reigneth, let the earth be
+    glad<a href="#note-63">[63]</a>.' I was sorry to think Mr. Johnson did not attend to the
+    sermon, Mr. Carre's low voice not being strong enough to reach his
+    hearing. A selection of Mr. Carre's sermons has, since his death, been
+    published by Sir William Forbes<a href="#note-64">[64]</a>, and the world has acknowledged
+    their uncommon merit. I am well assured Lord Mansfield has pronounced
+    them to be excellent.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Here I obtained a promise from Lord Chief Baron Orde<a href="#note-65">[65]</a>, that he would
+    dine at my house next day. I presented Mr. Johnson to his Lordship, who
+    politely said to him, I have not the honour of knowing you; but I hope
+    for it, and to see you at my house. I am to wait on you to-morrow.' This
+    respectable English judge will be long remembered in Scotland, where he
+    built an elegant house, and lived in it magnificently. His own ample
+    fortune, with the addition of his salary, enabled him to be splendidly
+    hospitable. It may be fortunate for an individual amongst ourselves to
+    be Lord Chief Baron; and a most worthy man now has the office; but, in
+    my opinion, it is better for Scotland in general, that some of our
+    publick employments should be filled by gentlemen of distinction from
+    the south side of the Tweed, as we have the benefit of promotion in
+    England. Such an interchange would make a beneficial mixture of manners,
+    and render our union more complete. Lord Chief Baron Orde was on good
+    terms with us all, in a narrow country filled with jarring interests and
+    keen parties; and, though I well knew his opinion to be the same with my
+    own, he kept himself aloof at a very critical period indeed, when the
+    <i>Douglas cause</i> shook the sacred security of <i>birthright</i> in Scotland
+    to its foundation; a cause, which had it happened before the Union, when
+    there was no appeal to a British House of Lords, would have left the
+    great fortress of honours and of property in ruins<a href="#note-66">[66]</a>.  When we got
+    home, Dr. Johnson desired to see my books. He took down Ogden's <i>Sermons
+    on Prayer</i><a href="#note-67">[67]</a>, on which I set a very high value, having been much
+    edified by them, and he retired with them to his room. He did not stay
+    long, but soon joined us in the drawing room. I presented to him Mr.
+    Robert Arbuthnot, a relation of the celebrated Dr. Arbuthnot<a href="#note-68">[68]</a>, and a
+    man of literature and taste. To him we were obliged for a previous
+    recommendation, which secured us a very agreeable reception at St.
+    Andrews, and which Dr. Johnson, in his <i>Journey</i>, ascribes to 'some
+    invisible friend<a href="#note-69">[69]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Of Dr. Beattie, Mr. Johnson said, 'Sir, he has written like a man
+    conscious of the truth, and feeling his own strength<a href="#note-70">[70]</a>. Treating your
+    adversary with respect is giving him an advantage to which he is not
+    entitled<a href="#note-71">[71]</a>. The greatest part of men cannot judge of reasoning, and
+    are impressed by character; so that, if you allow your adversary a
+    respectable character, they will think, that though you differ from him,
+    you may be in the wrong. Sir, treating your adversary with respect, is
+    striking soft in a battle. And as to Hume,&mdash;a man who has so much
+    conceit as to tell all mankind that they have been bubbled<a href="#note-72">[72]</a> for ages,
+    and he is the wise man who sees better than they,&mdash;a man who has so
+    little scrupulosity as to venture to oppose those principles which have
+    been thought necessary to human happiness,&mdash;is he to be surprized if
+    another man comes and laughs at him? If he is the great man he thinks
+    himself, all this cannot hurt him: it is like throwing peas against a
+    rock.' He added '<i>something much too rough</i>' both as to Mr. Hume's head
+    and heart, which I suppress. Violence is, in my opinion, not suitable to
+    the Christian cause. Besides, I always lived on good terms with Mr.
+    Hume, though I have frankly told him, I was not clear that it was right
+    in me to keep company with him. 'But, (said I) how much better are you
+    than your books!' He was cheerful, obliging, and instructive; he was
+    charitable to the poor; and many an agreeable hour have I passed with
+    him<a href="#note-73">[73]</a>: I have preserved some entertaining and interesting memoirs of
+    him, particularly when he knew himself to be dying, which I may some
+    time or other communicate to the world<a href="#note-74">[74]</a>. I shall not, however, extol
+    him so very highly as Dr. Adam Smith does, who says, in a letter to Mr.
+    Strahan the Printer (not a confidential letter to his friend, but a
+    letter which is published<a href="#note-75">[75]</a> with all formality:) 'Upon the whole, I
+    have always considered him, both in his life time and since his death,
+    as approaching as nearly to the idea of a perfectly wise and virtuous
+    man as perhaps the nature of human frailty will permit.' Let Dr. Smith
+    consider: Was not Mr. Hume blest with good health, good spirits, good
+    friends, a competent and increasing fortune? And had he not also a
+    perpetual feast of fame<a href="#note-76">[76]</a>? But, as a learned friend has observed to
+    me, 'What trials did he undergo to prove the perfection of his virtue?
+    Did he ever experience any great instance of adversity?'&mdash;When I read
+    this sentence delivered by my old <i>Professor of Moral Philosophy</i>, I
+    could not help exclaiming with the <i>Psalmist</i>, 'Surely I have now more
+    understanding than my teachers<a href="#note-77">[77]</a>!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    While we were talking, there came a note to me from Dr. William
+    Robertson.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+'DEAR SIR,
+   'I have been expecting every day to hear from you, of Dr. Johnson's
+arrival. Pray, what do you know about his motions? I long
+to take him by the hand. I write this from the college, where I have
+only this scrap of paper. Ever yours,
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<center>
+    'W. R.'
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Sunday.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    It pleased me to find Dr. Robertson thus eager to meet Dr. Johnson. I
+    was glad I could answer, that he was come: and I begged Dr. Robertson
+    might be with us as soon as he could.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Sir William Forbes, Mr. Scott, Mr. Arbuthnot, and another gentleman
+    dined with us. 'Come, Dr. Johnson, (said I,) it is commonly thought that
+    our veal in Scotland is not good. But here is some which I believe you
+    will like.' There was no catching him. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, what is
+    commonly thought, I should take to be true. <i>Your</i> veal may be good; but
+    that will only be an exception to the general opinion; not a proof
+    against it.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Robertson, according to the custom of Edinburgh at that time, dined
+    in the interval between the forenoon and afternoon service, which was
+    then later than now; so we had not the pleasure of his company till
+    dinner was over, when he came and drank wine with us. And then began
+    some animated dialogue<a href="#note-78">[78]</a>, of which here follows a pretty full note.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We talked of Mr. Burke. Dr. Johnson said, he had great variety of
+    knowledge, store of imagery, copiousness of language. ROBERTSON. 'He has
+    wit too.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; he never succeeds there. 'Tis low; 'tis
+    conceit. I used to say, Burke never once made a good joke<a href="#note-79">[79]</a>. What I
+    most envy Burke for, is his being constantly the same. He is never what
+    we call hum-drum; never unwilling to begin to talk, nor in haste to
+    leave off.' BOSWELL. 'Yet he can listen.' JOHNSON. 'No: I cannot say he
+    is good at that<a href="#note-80">[80]</a>. So desirous is he to talk, that, if one is speaking
+    at this end of the table, he'll speak to somebody at the other end.
+    Burke, Sir, is such a man, that if you met him for the first time in the
+    street where you were stopped by a drove of oxen, and you and he stepped
+    aside to take shelter but for five minutes, he'd talk to you in such a
+    manner, that, when you parted, you would say, this is an extraordinary
+    man<a href="#note-81">[81]</a>. Now, you may be long enough with me, without finding any thing
+    extraordinary.' He said, he believed Burke was intended for the law; but
+    either had not money enough to follow it, or had not diligence
+    enough<a href="#note-82">[82]</a>. He said, he could not understand how a man could apply to
+    one thing, and not to another. ROBERTSON said, one man had more
+    judgment, another more imagination. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; it is only, one
+    man has more mind than another. He may direct it differently; he may, by
+    accident, see the success of one kind of study, and take a desire to
+    excel in it. I am persuaded that, had Sir Isaac Newton applied to
+    poetry, he would have made a very fine epick poem. I could as easily
+    apply to law as to tragick poetry.' BOSWELL. 'Yet, Sir, you did apply to
+    tragick poetry, not to law.' JOHNSON. 'Because, Sir, I had not money to
+    study law. Sir, the man who has vigour, may walk to the east, just as
+    well as to the west, if he happens to turn his head that way<a href="#note-83">[83]</a>.'
+    BOSWELL. 'But, Sir, 'tis like walking up and down a hill; one man will
+    naturally do the one better than the other. A hare will run up a hill
+    best, from her fore-legs being short; a dog down.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir;
+    that is from mechanical powers. If you make mind mechanical, you may
+    argue in that manner. One mind is a vice, and holds fast; there's a good
+    memory. Another is a file; and he is a disputant, a controversialist.
+    Another is a razor; and he is sarcastical.' We talked of Whitefield. He
+    said he was at the same college with him<a href="#note-84">[84]</a>, and knew him <i>before he
+    began to be better than other people</i> (smiling;) that he believed he
+    sincerely meant well, but had a mixture of politicks and ostentation:
+    whereas Wesley thought of religion only<a href="#note-85">[85]</a>. ROBERTSON said, Whitefield
+    had strong natural eloquence, which, if cultivated, would have done
+    great things. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, I take it, he was at the height of
+    what his abilities could do, and was sensible of it. He had the ordinary
+    advantages of education; but he chose to pursue that oratory which is
+    for the mob<a href="#note-86">[86]</a>.' BOSWELL. 'He had great effect on the passions.'
+    JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, I don't think so. He could not represent a
+    succession of pathetic images. He vociferated, and made an impression.
+    <i>There</i>, again, was a mind like a hammer.' Dr. Johnson now said, a
+    certain eminent political friend of our's<a href="#note-87">[87]</a> was wrong, in his maxim of
+    sticking to a certain set of <i>men</i> on all occasions. 'I can see that a
+    man may do right to stick to a <i>party</i> (said he;) that is to say, he is
+    a <i>Whig</i>, or he is a <i>Tory</i>, and he thinks one of those parties upon the
+    whole the best, and that to make it prevail, it must be generally
+    supported, though, in particulars it may be wrong. He takes its faggot
+    of principles, in which there are fewer rotten sticks than in the other,
+    though some rotten sticks to be sure; and they cannot well be separated.
+    But, to bind one's self to one man, or one set of men, (who may be right
+    to-day and wrong to-morrow,) without any general preference of system, I
+    must disapprove<a href="#note-88">[88]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He told us of Cooke, who translated Hesiod, and lived twenty years on a
+    translation of Plautus, for which he was always taking subscriptions;
+    and that he presented Foote to a Club, in the following singular manner:
+    'This is the nephew of the gentleman who was lately hung in chains for
+    murdering his brother<a href="#note-89">[89]</a>.'  In the evening I introduced to Mr.
+    Johnson<a href="#note-90">[90]</a> two good friends of mine, Mr. William Nairne, Advocate, and
+    Mr. Hamilton of Sundrum, my neighbour in the country, both of whom
+    supped with us. I have preserved nothing of what passed, except that Dr.
+    Johnson displayed another of his heterodox opinions,&mdash;a contempt of
+    tragick acting<a href="#note-91">[91]</a>. He said, 'the action of all players in tragedy is
+    bad. It should be a man's study to repress those signs of emotion and
+    passion, as they are called.' He was of a directly contrary opinion to
+    that of Fielding, in his <i>Tom Jones</i>; who makes Partridge say, of
+    Garrick, 'why, I could act as well as he myself. I am sure, if I had
+    seen a ghost, I should have looked in the very same manner, and done
+    just as he did<a href="#note-92">[92]</a>.' For, when I asked him, 'Would you not, Sir, start
+    as Mr. Garrick does, if you saw a ghost?' He answered, 'I hope not. If I
+    did, I should frighten the ghost.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_9"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    MONDAY, AUGUST 16.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Dr. William Robertson came to breakfast. We talked of <i>Ogden on Prayer</i>.
+    Dr. Johnson said, 'The same arguments which are used against GOD'S
+    hearing prayer, will serve against his rewarding good, and punishing
+    evil. He has resolved, he has declared, in the former case as in the
+    latter.' He had last night looked into Lord Hailes's <i>Remarks on the
+    History of Scotland</i>. Dr. Robertson and I said, it was a pity Lord
+    Hailes did not write greater things. His lordship had not then published
+    his <i>Annals of Scotland</i><a href="#note-93">[93]</a>. JOHNSON. 'I remember I was once on a
+    visit at the house of a lady for whom I had a high respect. There was a
+    good deal of company in the room. When they were gone, I said to this
+    lady, "What foolish talking have we had!" "Yes, (said she,) but while
+    they talked, you said nothing." I was struck with the reproof. How much
+    better is the man who does anything that is innocent, than he who does
+    nothing. Besides, I love anecdotes<a href="#note-94">[94]</a>. I fancy mankind may come, in
+    time, to write all aphoristically, except in narrative; grow weary of
+    preparation, and connection, and illustration, and all those arts by
+    which a big book is made. If a man is to wait till he weaves anecdotes
+    into a system, we may be long in getting them, and get but few, in
+    comparison of what we might get.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Robertson said, the notions of <i>Eupham Macallan</i>, a fanatick woman,
+    of whom Lord Hailes gives a sketch, were still prevalent among some of
+    the Presbyterians; and therefore it was right in Lord Hailes, a man of
+    known piety, to undeceive them<a href="#note-95">[95]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We walked out<a href="#note-96">[96]</a>, that Dr. Johnson might see some of the things which
+    we have to shew at Edinburgh. We went to the Parliament-House<a href="#note-97">[97]</a>,
+    where the Parliament of Scotland sat, and where the <i>Ordinary Lords</i> of
+    Session hold their courts; and to the New Session-House adjoining to it,
+    where our Court of Fifteen (the fourteen <i>Ordinaries</i>, with the Lord
+    President at their head,) sit as a court of Review. We went to the
+    <i>Advocates Library</i><a href="#note-98">[98]</a>, of which Dr. Johnson took a cursory view, and
+    then to what is called the <i>Laigh</i><a href="#note-99">[99]</a> (or under) Parliament-House,
+    where the records of Scotland, which has an universal security by
+    register, are deposited, till the great Register Office be finished. I
+    was pleased to behold Dr. Samuel Johnson rolling about in this old
+    magazine of antiquities. There was, by this time, a pretty numerous
+    circle of us attending upon him. Somebody talked of happy moments for
+    composition; and how a man can write at one time, and not at another.
+    'Nay, (said Dr. Johnson,) a man may write at any time, if he will set
+    himself <i>doggedly</i><a href="#note-100">[100]</a> to it.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I here began to indulge <i>old Scottish</i><a href="#note-101">[101]</a> sentiments, and to express a
+    warm regret, that, by our Union with <i>England</i>, we were no more;&mdash;our
+    independent kingdom was lost<a href="#note-102">[102]</a>. JOHNSON. 'Sir, never talk of your
+    independency, who could let your Queen remain twenty years in captivity,
+    and then be put to death, without even a pretence of justice, without
+    your ever attempting to rescue her; and such a Queen too; as every man
+    of any gallantry of spirit would have sacrificed his life for<a href="#note-103">[103]</a>.'
+    Worthy Mr. JAMES KERR, Keeper of the Records. 'Half our nation was
+    bribed by English money.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, that is no defence: that makes
+    you worse.' Good Mr. BROWN, Keeper of the Advocates' Library. 'We had
+    better say nothing about it.' BOSWELL. 'You would have been glad,
+    however, to have had us last war, sir, to fight your battles!' JOHNSON.
+    'We should have had you for the same price, though there had been no
+    Union, as we might have had Swiss, or other troops. No, no, I shall
+    agree to a separation. You have only to <i>go home</i>.' Just as he had said
+    this, I, to divert the subject, shewed him the signed assurances of the
+    three successive Kings of the Hanover family, to maintain the
+    Presbyterian establishment in Scotland. 'We'll give you that (said he)
+    into the bargain.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We next went to the great church of St. Giles, which has lost its
+    original magnificence in the inside, by being divided into four places
+    of Presbyterian worship<a href="#note-104">[104]</a>. 'Come, (said Dr. Johnson jocularly to
+    Principal Robertson<a href="#note-105">[105]</a>,) let me see what was once a church!' We
+    entered that division which was formerly called the <i>New Church</i>, and of
+    late the <i>High Church</i>, so well known by the eloquence of Dr. Hugh
+    Blair. It is now very elegantly fitted up; but it was then shamefully
+    dirty<a href="#note-106">[106]</a>. Dr. Johnson said nothing at the time; but when we came to
+    the great door of the Royal Infirmary, where upon a board was this
+    inscription, '<i>Clean your feet!</i>' he turned about slyly and said, 'There
+    is no occasion for putting this at the doors of your churches!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We then conducted him down the Post-house stairs, Parliament-close, and
+    made him look up from the Cow-gate to the highest building in Edinburgh,
+    (from which he had just descended,) being thirteen floors or stories
+    from the ground upon the back elevation; the front wall being built upon
+    the edge of the hill, and the back wall rising from the bottom of the
+    hill several stories before it comes to a level with the front wall. We
+    proceeded to the College, with the Principal at our head. Dr. Adam
+    Fergusson, whose <i>Essay on the History of Civil Society<a href="#note-107">[107]</a></i> gives him
+    a respectable place in the ranks of literature, was with us. As the
+    College buildings<a href="#note-108">[108]</a> are indeed very mean, the Principal said to Dr.
+    Johnson, that he must give them the same epithet that a Jesuit did when
+    shewing a poor college abroad: '<i>Hae miseriae nostrae</i>.' Dr. Johnson
+    was, however, much pleased with the library, and with the conversation
+    of Dr. James Robertson, Professor of Oriental Languages, the Librarian.
+    We talked of Kennicot's edition of the Hebrew Bible<a href="#note-109">[109]</a>, and hoped it
+    would be quite faithful. JOHNSON. 'Sir, I know not any crime so great
+    that a man could contrive to commit, as poisoning the sources of
+    eternal truth.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I pointed out to him where there formerly stood an old wall enclosing
+    part of the college, which I remember bulged out in a threatening
+    manner, and of which there was a common tradition similar to that
+    concerning <i>Bacon's</i> study at Oxford, that it would fall upon some very
+    learned man<a href="#note-110">[110]</a>. It had some time before this been taken down, that the
+    street might be widened, and a more convenient wall built. Dr. Johnson,
+    glad of an opportunity to have a pleasant hit at Scottish learning,
+    said, 'they have been afraid it never would fall.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We shewed him the Royal Infirmary, for which, and for every other
+    exertion of generous publick spirit in his power, that noble-minded
+    citizen of Edinburgh, George Drummond, will be ever held in honourable
+    remembrance. And we were too proud not to carry him to the Abbey of
+    Holyrood-house, that beautiful piece of architecture, but, alas! that
+    deserted mansion of royalty, which Hamilton of Bangour, in one of his
+    elegant poems, calls
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'A virtuous palace, where no monarch dwells<a href="#note-111">[111]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    I was much entertained while Principal Robertson fluently harangued to
+    Dr. Johnson, upon the spot, concerning scenes of his celebrated <i>History
+    of Scotland</i>. We surveyed that part of the palace appropriated to the
+    Duke of Hamilton, as Keeper, in which our beautiful Queen Mary lived,
+    and in which David Rizzio was murdered; and also the State Rooms. Dr.
+    Johnson was a great reciter of all sorts of things serious or comical. I
+    overheard him repeating here in a kind of muttering tone, a line of the
+    old ballad, <i>Johnny Armstrong's Last Good Night</i>:
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'And ran him through the fair body<a href="#note-112">[112]</a>!'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    We returned to my house, where there met him, at dinner, the Duchess of
+    Douglas<a href="#note-113">[113]</a>, Sir Adolphus Oughton, Lord Chief Baron, Sir William
+    Forbes, Principal Robertson, Mr. Cullen<a href="#note-114">[114]</a>, Advocate. Before dinner he
+    told us of a curious conversation between the famous George
+    Faulkner<a href="#note-115">[115]</a> and him. George said that England had drained Ireland of
+    fifty thousand pounds in specie, annually, for fifty years. 'How so,
+    Sir! (said Dr. Johnson,) you must have a very great trade?' 'No trade.'
+    'Very rich mines?' 'No mines.' 'From whence, then, does all this money
+    come?' 'Come! why out of the blood and bowels of the poor people
+    of Ireland!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He seemed to me to have an unaccountable prejudice against Swift<a href="#note-116">[116]</a>;
+    for I once took the liberty to ask him, if Swift had personally offended
+    him, and he told me he had not. He said to-day, 'Swift is clear, but he
+    is shallow. In coarse humour, he is inferior to Arbuthnot<a href="#note-117">[117]</a>; in
+    delicate humour, he is inferior to Addison. So he is inferior to his
+    contemporaries; without putting him against the whole world. I doubt if
+    the <i>Tale of a Tub</i> was his<a href="#note-118">[118]</a>: it has so much more thinking, more
+    knowledge, more power, more colour, than any of the works which are
+    indisputably his. If it was his, I shall only say, he was <i>impar
+    sibi</i><a href="#note-119">[119]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We gave him as good a dinner as we could. Our Scotch muir-fowl, or
+    growse, were then abundant, and quite in season; and so far as wisdom
+    and wit can be aided by administering agreeable sensations to the
+    palate, my wife took care that our great guest should not be deficient.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Sir Adolphus Oughton, then our Deputy Commander in Chief, who was not
+    only an excellent officer, but one of the most universal scholars I ever
+    knew, had learned the Erse language, and expressed his belief in the
+    authenticity of Ossian's Poetry<a href="#note-120">[120]</a>. Dr. Johnson took the opposite side
+    of that perplexed question; and I was afraid the dispute would have run
+    high between them. But Sir Adolphus, who had a very sweet temper,
+    changed the discourse, grew playful, laughed at Lord Monboddo's<a href="#note-121">[121]</a>
+    notion of men having tails, and called him a Judge, <i>à posteriori</i>,
+    which amused Dr. Johnson; and thus hostilities were prevented.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At supper<a href="#note-122">[122]</a> we had Dr. Cullen, his son the advocate, Dr. Adam
+    Fergusson, and Mr. Crosbie, advocate. Witchcraft was introduced<a href="#note-123">[123]</a>.
+    Mr. Crosbie said, he thought it the greatest blasphemy to suppose evil
+    spirits counteracting the Deity, and raising storms, for instance, to
+    destroy his creatures. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, if moral evil be consistent
+    with the government of the Deity, why may not physical evil be also
+    consistent with it? It is not more strange that there should be evil
+    spirits, than evil men: evil unembodied spirits, than evil embodied
+    spirits. And as to storms, we know there are such things; and it is no
+    worse that evil spirits raise them, than that they rise.' CROSBIE. 'But
+    it is not credible, that witches should have effected what they are said
+    in stories to have done.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, I am not defending their
+    credibility. I am only saying, that your arguments are not good, and
+    will not overturn the belief of witchcraft.&mdash;(Dr. Fergusson said to me,
+    aside, 'He is right.')&mdash;And then, Sir, you have all mankind, rude and
+    civilized, agreeing in the belief of the agency of preternatural powers.
+    You must take evidence: you must consider, that wise and great men have
+    condemned witches to die<a href="#note-124">[124]</a>.' CROSBIE. 'But an act of parliament put
+    an end to witchcraft<a href="#note-125">[125]</a>.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; witchcraft had ceased;
+    and therefore an act of parliament was passed to prevent persecution for
+    what was not witchcraft. Why it ceased, we cannot tell, as we cannot
+    tell the reason of many other things.'&mdash;Dr. Cullen, to keep up the
+    gratification of mysterious disquisition, with the grave address for
+    which he is remarkable in his companionable as in his professional
+    hours, talked, in a very entertaining manner, of people walking and
+    conversing in their sleep. I am very sorry I have no note of this. We
+    talked of the <i>Ouran-Outang</i>, and of Lord Monboddo's thinking that he
+    might be taught to speak. Dr. Johnson treated this with ridicule. Mr.
+    Crosbie said, that Lord Monboddo believed the existence of every thing
+    possible; in short, that all which is in <i>posse</i> might be found in
+    <i>esse</i>. JOHNSON. 'But, Sir, it is as possible that the <i>Ouran-Outang</i>
+    does not speak, as that he speaks. However, I shall not contest the
+    point. I should have thought it not possible to find a Monboddo; yet
+    <i>he</i> exists.' I again mentioned the stage. JOHNSON. 'The appearance of a
+    player, with whom I have drunk tea, counteracts the imagination that he
+    is the character he represents. Nay, you know, nobody imagines that he
+    is the character he represents. They say, "See <i>Garrick!</i> how he looks
+    to night! See how he'll clutch the dagger!" That is the buz of the
+    theatre<a href="#note-126">[126]</a>.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_10"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    TUESDAY, AUGUST 17.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Sir William Forbes came to breakfast, and brought with him Dr.
+    Blacklock<a href="#note-127">[127]</a>, whom he introduced to Dr. Johnson, who received him with
+    a most humane complacency; 'Dear Dr. Blacklock, I am glad to see you!'
+    Blacklock seemed to be much surprized, when Dr. Johnson said, 'it was
+    easier to him to write poetry than to compose his <i>Dictionary</i><a href="#note-128">[128]</a>. His
+    mind was less on the stretch in doing the one than the other. Besides;
+    composing a <i>Dictionary</i> requires books and a desk: you can make a poem
+    walking in the fields, or lying in bed. Dr. Blacklock spoke of
+    scepticism in morals and religion, with apparent uneasiness, as if he
+    wished for more certainty<a href="#note-129">[129]</a>. Dr. Johnson, who had thought it all
+    over, and whose vigorous understanding was fortified by much experience,
+    thus encouraged the blind Bard to apply to higher speculations what we
+    all willingly submit to in common life: in short, he gave him more
+    familiarly the able and fair reasoning of Butler's <i>Analogy</i>: 'Why, Sir,
+    the greatest concern we have in this world, the choice of our
+    profession, must be determined without demonstrative reasoning. Human
+    life is not yet so well known, as that we can have it. And take the case
+    of a man who is ill. I call two physicians: they differ in opinion. I am
+    not to lie down, and die between them: I must do something.' The
+    conversation then turned on Atheism; on that horrible book, <i>Système de
+    la Nature</i><a href="#note-130">[130]</a>; and on the supposition of an eternal necessity, without
+    design, without a governing mind. JOHNSON. 'If it were so, why has it
+    ceased? Why don't we see men thus produced around us now? Why, at least,
+    does it not keep pace, in some measure, with the progress of time? If
+    it stops because there is now no need of it, then it is plain there is,
+    and ever has been, an all powerful intelligence. But stay! (said he,
+    with one of his satyrick laughs<a href="#note-131">[131]</a>.) Ha! ha! ha! I shall suppose
+    Scotchmen made necessarily, and Englishmen by choice.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    At dinner this day, we had Sir Alexander Dick, whose amiable character,
+    and ingenious and cultivated mind, are so generally known; (he was then
+    on the verge of seventy, and is now (1785) eighty-one, with his
+    faculties entire, his heart warm, and his temper gay;) Sir David
+    Dalrymple, Lord Hailes; Mr. Maclaurin<a href="#note-132">[132]</a>, advocate; Dr. Gregory, who
+    now worthily fills his father's medical chair<a href="#note-133">[133]</a>; and my uncle, Dr.
+    Boswell. This was one of Dr. Johnson's best days. He was quite in his
+    element. All was literature and taste, without any interruption. Lord
+    Hailes, who is one of the best philologists in Great Britain, who has
+    written papers in <i>The World</i><a href="#note-134">[134]</a>, and a variety of other works in
+    prose and in verse, both Latin and English, pleased him highly. He told
+    him, he had discovered the life of <i>Cheynel</i>, in <i>The Student</i><a href="#note-135">[135]</a>, to
+    be his. JOHNSON. 'No one else knows it.' Dr. Johnson had, before this,
+    dictated to me a law-paper, upon a question purely in the law of
+    Scotland, concerning <i>vicious intromission</i><a href="#note-136">[136]</a>, that is to say,
+    intermeddling with the effects of a deceased person, without a regular
+    title; which formerly was understood to subject the intermeddler to
+    payment of all the defunct's debts. The principle has of late been
+    relaxed. Dr. Johnson's argument was, for a renewal of its strictness.
+    The paper was printed, with additions by me, and given into the Court of
+    Session. Lord Hailes knew Dr. Johnson's part not to be mine, and pointed
+    out exactly where it began, and where it ended. Dr. Johnson said, 'It is
+    much, now, that his lordship can distinguish so.'  In Dr. Johnson's
+    <i>Vanity of Human Wishes</i>, there is the following passage:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'The teeming mother, anxious for her race,
+      Begs, for each birth, the fortune of a face:
+      Yet <i>Vane</i> could tell, what ills from beauty spring,
+      And <i>Sedley</i> curs'd the charms which pleas'd a king<a href="#note-137">[137]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Lord Hailes told him, he was mistaken in the instances he had given of
+    unfortunate fair ones; for neither <i>Vane</i> nor <i>Sedley</i> had a title to
+    that description. His Lordship has since been so obliging as to send me
+    a note of this, for the communication of which I am sure my readers
+    will thank me.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'The lines in the tenth Satire of Juvenal, according to my alteration,
+    should have run thus:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Yet <i>Shore</i><a href="#note-138">[138]</a> could tell&mdash;&mdash;-;
+      And <i>Valiere</i><a href="#note-139">[139]</a> curs'd&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    'The first was a penitent by compulsion, the second by sentiment; though
+    the truth is, Mademoiselle de la Valiere threw herself (but still from
+    sentiment) in the King's way.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Our friend chose <i>Vane</i><a href="#note-140">[140]</a>, who was far from being well-looked; and
+    <i>Sedley</i>, who was so ugly, that Charles II. said, his brother had her by
+    way of penance<a href="#note-141">[141]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Maclaurin's learning and talents enabled him to do his part very
+    well in Dr. Johnson's company. He produced two epitaphs upon his
+    father, the celebrated mathematician<a href="#note-142">[142]</a>. One was in English, of which
+    Dr. Johnson did not change one word. In the other, which was in Latin,
+    he made several alterations. In place of the very words of <i>Virgil</i>,
+    '<i>Ubi luctus et pavor et plurima mortis imago</i><a href="#note-143">[143]</a>,' he wrote '<i>Ubi
+    luctus regnant et pavor</i>.' He introduced the word <i>prorsus</i> into the
+    line '<i>Mortalibus prorsus non absit solatium</i>,' and after '<i>Hujus enim
+    scripta evolve</i>,' he added '<i>Mentemque tantarum rerum capacem corpori
+    caduco superstitem crede</i>;' which is quite applicable to Dr. Johnson
+    himself<a href="#note-144">[144]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Murray, advocate, who married a niece of Lord Mansfield's, and is
+    now one of the judges of Scotland, by the title of Lord <i>Henderland</i>,
+    sat with us a part of the evening; but did not venture to say any thing,
+    that I remember, though he is certainly possessed of talents which would
+    have enabled him to have shewn himself to advantage, if too great
+    anxiety had not prevented him.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At supper we had Dr. Alexander Webster, who, though not, learned, had
+    such a knowledge of mankind, such a fund of information and
+    entertainment, so clear a head and such accommodating manners, that Dr.
+    Johnson found him a very agreeable companion.
+</p>
+<p>
+    When Dr. Johnson and I were left by ourselves, I read to him my notes of
+    the Opinions of our Judges upon the questions of Literary Property<a href="#note-145">[145]</a>.
+    He did not like them; and said, 'they make me think of your Judges not
+    with that respect which I should wish to do.' To the argument of one of
+    them, that there can be no property in blasphemy or nonsense, he
+    answered, 'then your rotten sheep are mine! By that rule, when a man's
+    house falls into decay, he must lose it.' I mentioned an argument of
+    mine, that literary performances are not taxed. As <i>Churchill</i> says,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'No statesman yet has thought it worth his pains
+      To tax our labours, or excise our brains<a href="#note-146">[146]</a>;'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    and therefore they are not property. 'Yet, (said he,) we hang a man for
+    stealing a horse, and horses are not taxed.' Mr. Pitt has since put an
+    end to that argument<a href="#note-147">[147]</a>.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_11"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 18.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    On this day we set out from Edinburgh. We should gladly have had Mr.
+    Scott to go with us; but he was obliged to return to England.&mdash;I have
+    given a sketch of Dr. Johnson: my readers may wish to know a little of
+    his fellow traveller<a href="#note-148">[148]</a>. Think then, of a gentleman of ancient blood,
+    the pride of which was his predominant passion. He was then in his
+    thirty-third year, and had been about four years happily married. His
+    inclination was to be a soldier<a href="#note-149">[149]</a>; but his father, a respectable[150]
+    Judge, had pressed him into the profession of the law. He had travelled
+    a good deal, and seen many varieties of human life. He had thought more
+    than any body supposed, and had a pretty good stock of general learning
+    and knowledge<a href="#note-151">[151]</a>. He had all Dr. Johnson's principles, with some
+    degree of relaxation. He had rather too little, than too much prudence;
+    and, his imagination being lively, he often said things of which the
+    effect was very different from the intention<a href="#note-152">[152]</a>. He resembled sometimes
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'The best good man, with the worst natur'd muse<a href="#note-153">[153]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    He cannot deny himself the vanity of finishing with the encomium of Dr.
+    Johnson, whose friendly partiality to the companion of his Tour
+    represents him as one 'whose acuteness would help my enquiry, and whose
+    gaiety of conversation, and civility of manners, are sufficient to
+    counteract the inconveniences of travel, in countries less hospitable
+    than we have passed<a href="#note-154">[154]</a>.'  Dr. Johnson thought it unnecessary to put
+    himself to the additional expence of bringing with him Francis Barber,
+    his faithful black servant; so we were attended only by my man, Joseph
+    Ritter, a Bohemian; a fine stately fellow above six feet high, who had
+    been over a great part of Europe, and spoke many languages. He was the
+    best servant I ever saw. Let not my readers disdain his introduction!
+    For Dr. Johnson gave him this character: 'Sir, he is a civil man, and a
+    wise man<a href="#note-155">[155]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    From an erroneous apprehension of violence, Dr. Johnson had provided a
+    pair of pistols, some gunpowder, and a quantity of bullets: but upon
+    being assured we should run no risk of meeting any robbers, he left his
+    arms and ammunition in an open drawer, of which he gave my wife the
+    charge. He also left in that drawer one volume of a pretty full and
+    curious Diary of his Life, of which I have a few fragments; but the book
+    has been destroyed. I wish female curiosity had been strong enough to
+    have had it all transcribed; which might easily have been done; and I
+    should think the theft, being <i>pro bono publico</i>, might have been
+    forgiven. But I may be wrong. My wife told me she never once looked into
+    it<a href="#note-156">[156]</a>.&mdash;She did not seem quite easy when we left her: but away
+    we went!
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Nairne, advocate, was to go with us as far as St. Andrews. It gives
+    me pleasure that, by mentioning his <i>name</i>, I connect his title to the
+    just and handsome compliment paid him by Dr. Johnson, in his book: 'A
+    gentleman who could stay with us only long enough to make us know how
+    much we lost by his leaving us<a href="#note-157">[157]</a>. 'When we came to Leith, I talked
+    with perhaps too boasting an air, how pretty the Frith of Forth looked;
+    as indeed, after the prospect from Constantinople, of which I have been
+    told, and that from Naples, which I have seen, I believe the view of
+    that Frith and its environs, from the Castle-hill of Edinburgh, is the
+    finest prospect in Europe. 'Ay, (said Dr. Johnson,) that is the state of
+    the world. Water is the same every where.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     "Una est injusti caerula forma maris<a href="#note-158">[158]</a>."'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    I told him the port here was the mouth of the river or water of <i>Leith</i>.
+    'Not <i>Lethe</i>; said Mr. Nairne. 'Why, Sir, (said Dr. Johnson,) when a
+    Scotchman sets out from this port for England, he forgets his native
+    country.' NAIRNE. 'I hope, Sir, you will forget England here.' JOHNSON.
+    'Then 'twill still be more <i>Lethe</i>' He observed of the Pier or Quay,
+    'you have no occasion for so large a one: your trade does not require
+    it: but you are like a shopkeeper who takes a shop, not only for what he
+    has to put in it, but that it may be believed he has a great deal to put
+    into it.' It is very true, that there is now, comparatively, little
+    trade upon the eastern coast of Scotland. The riches of Glasgow shew how
+    much there is in the west; and perhaps we shall find trade travel
+    westward on a great scale, as well as a small.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We talked of a man's drowning himself. JOHNSON. 'I should never think it
+    time to make away with myself.' I put the case of Eustace Budgell<a href="#note-159">[159]</a>,
+    who was accused of forging a will, and sunk himself in the Thames,
+    before the trial of its authenticity came on. 'Suppose, Sir, (said I,)
+    that a man is absolutely sure, that, if he lives a few days longer, he
+    shall be detected in a fraud, the consequence of which will be utter
+    disgrace and expulsion from society.' JOHNSON. 'Then, Sir, let him go
+    abroad to a distant country; let him go to some place where he is <i>not</i>
+    known. Don't let him go to the devil where he <i>is</i> known!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He then said, 'I see a number of people bare-footed here: I suppose you
+    all went so before the Union. Boswell, your ancestors went so, when they
+    had as much land as your family has now. Yet <i>Auchinleck</i> is the <i>Field
+    of Stones</i>: there would be bad going bare-footed there. The <i>Lairds</i>,
+    however, did it.' I bought some <i>speldings</i>, fish (generally whitings)
+    salted and dried in a particular manner, being dipped in the sea and
+    dried in the sun, and eaten by the Scots by way of a relish. He had
+    never seen them, though they are sold in London. I insisted on
+    <i>scottifying</i><a href="#note-160">[160]</a> his palate; but he was very reluctant. With
+    difficulty I prevailed with him to let a bit of one of them lie in his
+    mouth. He did not like it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In crossing the Frith, Dr. Johnson determined that we should land upon
+    Inch Keith<a href="#note-161">[161]</a>. On approaching it, we first observed a high rocky
+    shore. We coasted about, and put into a little bay on the North-west. We
+    clambered up a very steep ascent, on which was very good grass, but
+    rather a profusion of thistles. There were sixteen head of black cattle
+    grazing upon the island. Lord Hailes observed to me, that Brantome calls
+    it <i>L'isle des Chevaux</i>, and that it was probably 'a <i>safer</i> stable'
+    than many others in his time. The fort<a href="#note-162">[162]</a>, with an inscription on
+    it, <i>Maria Re</i> 1564, is strongly built. Dr. Johnson examined it with much
+    attention. He stalked like a giant among the luxuriant thistles and
+    nettles. There are three wells in the island; but we could not find one
+    in the fort. There must probably have been one, though now filled up, as
+    a garrison could not subsist without it. But I have dwelt too long on
+    this little spot. Dr. Johnson afterwards bade me try to write a
+    description of our discovering Inch Keith, in the usual style of
+    travellers, describing fully every particular; stating the grounds on
+    which we concluded that it must have once been inhabited, and
+    introducing many sage reflections; and we should see how a thing might
+    be covered in words, so as to induce people to come and survey it. All
+    that was told might be true, and yet in reality there might be nothing
+    to see. He said, 'I'd have this island. I'd build a house, make a good
+    landing-place, have a garden, and vines, and all sorts of trees. A rich
+    man, of a hospitable turn, here, would have many visitors from
+    Edinburgh.' When we got into our boat again, he called to me, 'Come,
+    now, pay a classical compliment to the island on quitting it.' I
+    happened luckily, in allusion to the beautiful Queen Mary, whose name is
+    upon the fort, to think of what Virgil makes Aeneas say, on having left
+    the country of his charming Dido.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Invitus, regina, tuo de littore cessi<a href="#note-163">[163]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Very well hit off!' said he.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We dined at Kinghorn, and then got into a post-chaise<a href="#note-164">[164]</a>. Mr. Nairne
+    and his servant, and Joseph, rode by us. We stopped at Cupar, and drank
+    tea. We talked of parliament; and I said, I supposed very few of the
+    members knew much of what was going on, as indeed very few gentlemen
+    know much of their own private affairs. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, if a man is
+    not of a sluggish mind, he may be his own steward. If he will look into
+    his affairs, he will soon learn<a href="#note-165">[165]</a>. So it is as to publick affairs.
+    There must always be a certain number of men of business in parliament.'
+    BOSWELL. 'But consider, Sir; what is the House of Commons? Is not a
+    great part of it chosen by peers? Do you think, Sir, they ought to have
+    such an influence?' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir. Influence must ever be in
+    proportion to property; and it is right it should<a href="#note-166">[166]</a>.' BOSWELL. 'But
+    is there not reason to fear that the common people may be oppressed?'
+    JOHNSON. 'No, Sir. Our great fear is from want of power in government.
+    Such a storm of vulgar force has broke in.' BOSWELL. 'It has only
+    roared.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, it has roared, till the Judges in
+    Westminster-Hall have been afraid to pronounce sentence in opposition to
+    the popular cry<a href="#note-167">[167]</a>. You are frightened by what is no longer dangerous,
+    like Presbyterians by Popery.' He then repeated a passage, I think, in
+    <i>Butler's Remains</i>, which ends, 'and would cry, Fire! Fire! in Noah's
+    flood<a href="#note-168">[168]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We had a dreary drive, in a dusky night, to St. Andrews, where we
+    arrived late. We found a good supper at Glass's inn, and Dr. Johnson
+    revived agreeably. He said, 'the collection called <i>The Muses' Welcome
+    to King James</i>, (first of England, and sixth of Scotland,) on his return
+    to his native kingdom, shewed that there was then abundance of learning
+    in Scotland; and that the conceits in that collection, with which people
+    find fault, were mere mode.' He added, 'we could not now entertain a
+    sovereign so; that Buchanan had spread the spirit of learning amongst
+    us, but we had lost it during the civil wars<a href="#note-169">[169]</a>.' He did not allow the
+    Latin Poetry of Pitcairne so much merit as has been usually attributed
+    to it; though he owned that one of his pieces, which he mentioned, but
+    which I am sorry is not specified in my notes, was, 'very well.' It is
+    not improbable that it was the poem which Prior has so elegantly
+    translated<a href="#note-170">[170]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After supper, we made a <i>procession</i> to <i>Saint Leonard's College</i>, the
+    landlord walking before us with a candle, and the waiter with a lantern.
+    That college had some time before been dissolved; and Dr. Watson, a
+    professor here, (the historian of Philip II.) had purchased the ground,
+    and what buildings remained. When we entered this court, it seemed quite
+    academical; and we found in his house very comfortable and genteel
+    accommodation<a href="#note-171">[171]</a>.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_12"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THURSDAY, AUGUST 19.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    We rose much refreshed. I had with me a map of Scotland, a bible which
+    was given me by Lord Mountstuart when we were together in Italy<a href="#note-172">[172]</a>,
+    and Ogden's <i>Sermons on Prayer</i>; Mr. Nairne introduced us to Dr. Watson,
+    whom we found a well-informed man, of very amiable manners. Dr. Johnson,
+    after they were acquainted, said, 'I take great delight in him.' His
+    daughter, a very pleasing young lady, made breakfast. Dr. Watson
+    observed, that Glasgow University had fewer home-students, since trade
+    increased, as learning was rather incompatible with it. JOHNSON. 'Why,
+    Sir, as trade is now carried on by subordinate hands, men in trade have
+    as much leisure as others; and now learning itself is a trade. A man
+    goes to a bookseller, and gets what he can. We have done with
+    patronage<a href="#note-173">[173]</a>. In the infancy of learning, we find some great man
+    praised for it. This diffused it among others. When it becomes general,
+    an authour leaves the great, and applies to the multitude.' BOSWELL. 'It
+    is a shame that authours are not now better patronized.' JOHNSON. 'No,
+    Sir. If learning cannot support a man, if he must sit with his hands
+    across till somebody feeds him, it is as to him a bad thing, and it is
+    better as it is. With patronage, what flattery! what falsehood! While a
+    man is in equilibrio, he throws truth among the multitude, and lets them
+    take it as they please: in patronage, he must say what pleases his
+    patron, and it is an equal chance whether that be truth or falsehood.'
+    WATSON. 'But is not the case now, that, instead of flattering one
+    person, we flatter the age?' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir. The world always lets a
+    man tell what he thinks, his own way. I wonder, however, that so many
+    people have written, who might have let it alone. That people should
+    endeavour to excel in conversation, I do not wonder; because in
+    conversation praise is instantly reverberated<a href="#note-174">[174]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We talked of change of manners. Dr. Johnson observed, that our drinking
+    less than our ancestors was owing to the change from ale to wine.' I
+    remember, (said he,) when all the <i>decent</i> people in Lichfield got drunk
+    every night, and were not the worse thought of<a href="#note-175">[175]</a>. Ale was cheap, so
+    you pressed strongly. When a man must bring a bottle of wine, he is not
+    in such haste. Smoking has gone out. To be sure, it is a shocking thing,
+    blowing smoke out of our mouths into other people's mouths, eyes, and
+    noses, and having the same thing done to us. Yet I cannot account, why a
+    thing which requires so little exertion, and yet preserves the mind from
+    total vacuity, should have gone out<a href="#note-176">[176]</a>. Every man has something by
+    which he calms himself: beating with his feet, or so<a href="#note-177">[177]</a>. I remember
+    when people in England changed a shirt only once a week<a href="#note-178">[178]</a>: a Pandour,
+    when he gets a shirt, greases it to make it last. Formerly, good
+    tradesmen had no fire but in the kitchen; never in the parlour, except
+    on Sunday. My father, who was a magistrate of Lichfield, lived thus.
+    They never began to have a fire in the parlour, but on leaving off
+    business, or some great revolution of their life.' Dr. Watson said, the
+    hall was as a kitchen, in old squires' houses. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir. The
+    hall was for great occasions, and never was used for domestick
+    refection<a href="#note-179">[179]</a>.' We talked of the Union, and what money it had brought
+    into Scotland. Dr. Watson observed, that a little money formerly went as
+    far as a great deal now. JOHNSON. 'In speculation, it seems that a
+    smaller quantity of money, equal in value to a larger quantity, if
+    equally divided, should produce the same effect. But it is not so in
+    reality. Many more conveniences and elegancies are enjoyed where money
+    is plentiful, than where it is scarce. Perhaps a great familiarity with
+    it, which arises from plenty, makes us more easily part with it.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    After what Dr. Johnson had said of St. Andrews, which he had long wished
+    to see, as our oldest university, and the seat of our Primate in the
+    days of episcopacy, I can say little. Since the publication of Dr.
+    Johnson's book, I find that he has been censured for not seeing here
+    the ancient chapel of <i>St. Rule</i>, a curious piece of sacred
+    architecture.<a href="#note-180">[180]</a> But this was neither his fault nor mine. We were both
+    of us abundantly desirous of surveying such sort of antiquities: but
+    neither of us knew of this. I am afraid the censure must fall on those
+    who did not tell us of it. In every place, where there is any thing
+    worthy of observation, there should be a short printed directory for
+    strangers, such as we find in all the towns of Italy, and in some of the
+    towns in England. I was told that there is a manuscript account of St.
+    Andrews, by Martin, secretary to Archbishop Sharp;<a href="#note-181">[181]</a> and that one
+    Douglas has published a small account of it. I inquired at a
+    bookseller's, but could not get it. Dr. Johnson's veneration for the
+    Hierarchy is well known.<a href="#note-182">[182]</a> There is no wonder then, that he was
+    affected with a strong indignation, while he beheld the ruins of
+    religious magnificence. I happened to ask where John Knox was buried.
+    Dr. Johnson burst out, 'I hope in the high-way.<a href="#note-183">[183]</a> I have been looking
+    at his reformations.'<a href="#note-184">[184]</a>  It was a very fine day. Dr. Johnson seemed
+    quite wrapt up in the contemplation of the scenes which were now
+    presented to him. He kept his hat off while he was upon any part of the
+    ground where the cathedral had stood. He said well, that 'Knox had set
+    on a mob, without knowing where it would end; and that differing from a
+    man in doctrine was no reason why you should pull his house about his
+    ears.' As we walked in the cloisters, there was a solemn echo, while he
+    talked loudly of a proper retirement from the world. Mr. Nairne said, he
+    had an inclination to retire. I called Dr. Johnson's attention to this,
+    that I might hear his opinion if it was right. JOHNSON. 'Yes, when he
+    has done his duty to society<a href="#note-185">[185]</a>. In general, as every man is obliged
+    not only to "love GOD, but his neighbour as himself," he must bear his
+    part in active life; yet there are exceptions. Those who are exceedingly
+    scrupulous, (which I do not approve, for I am no friend to
+    scruples<a href="#note-186">[186]</a>,) and find their scrupulosity[187] invincible, so that
+    they are quite in the dark, and know not what they shall do,&mdash;or those
+    who cannot resist temptations, and find they make themselves worse by
+    being in the world, without making it better, may retire<a href="#note-188">[188]</a>. I never
+    read of a hermit, but in imagination I kiss his feet; never of a
+    monastery, but I could fall on my knees, and kiss the pavement. But I
+    think putting young people there, who know nothing of life, nothing of
+    retirement, is dangerous and wicked<a href="#note-189">[189]</a>. It is a saying as old
+    as Hesiod,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Erga neon, boulaite meson, enchaite geronton<a href="#note-190">[190]</a>.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    That is a very noble line: not that young men should not pray, or old
+    men not give counsel, but that every season of life has its proper
+    duties. I have thought of retiring, and have talked of it to a friend;
+    but I find my vocation is rather to active life.' I said, some young
+    monks might be allowed, to shew that it is not age alone that can retire
+    to pious solitude; but he thought this would only shew that they could
+    not resist temptation.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He wanted to mount the steeples, but it could not be done. There are no
+    good inscriptions here. Bad Roman characters he naturally mistook for
+    half Gothick, half Roman. One of the steeples, which he was told was in
+    danger, he wished not to be taken down; 'for, said he, it may fall on
+    some of the posterity of John Knox; and no great matter!'&mdash;Dinner was
+    mentioned. JOHNSON. 'Ay, ay; amidst all these sorrowful scenes, I have
+    no objection to dinner<a href="#note-191">[191]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We went and looked at the castle, where Cardinal Beaton was
+    murdered<a href="#note-192">[192]</a>, and then visited Principal Murison at his college, where
+    is a good library-room; but the Principal was abundantly vain of it, for
+    he seriously said to Dr. Johnson, 'you have not such a one in
+    England.'<a href="#note-193">[193]</a>
+</p>
+<p>
+    The professors entertained us with a very good dinner. Present: Murison,
+    Shaw, Cook, Hill, Haddo, Watson, Flint, Brown. I observed, that I
+    wondered to see him eat so well, after viewing so many sorrowful scenes
+    of ruined religious magnificence. 'Why, said he, I am not sorry, after
+    seeing these gentlemen; for they are not sorry.' Murison said, all
+    sorrow was bad, as it was murmuring against the dispensations of
+    Providence. JOHNSON. 'Sir, sorrow is inherent in humanity. As you cannot
+    judge two and two to be either five, or three, but certainly four, so,
+    when comparing a worse present state with a better which is past, you
+    cannot but feel sorrow.<a href="#note-194">[194]</a> It is not cured by reason, but by the
+    incursion of present objects, which wear out the past. You need not
+    murmur, though you are sorry.' MURISON. 'But St. Paul says, "I have
+    learnt, in whatever state I am, therewith to be content."' JOHNSON.
+    'Sir, that relates to riches and poverty; for we see St. Paul, when he
+    had a thorn in the flesh, prayed earnestly to have it removed; and then
+    he could not be content.' Murison, thus refuted, tried to be smart, and
+    drank to Dr. Johnson, 'Long may you lecture!' Dr. Johnson afterwards,
+    speaking of his not drinking wine, said, 'The Doctor spoke of
+    <i>lecturing</i> (looking to him). I give all these lectures on water.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He defended requiring subscription in those admitted to universities,
+    thus: 'As all who come into the country must obey the king, so all who
+    come into an university must be of the church<a href="#note-195">[195]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    And here I must do Dr. Johnson the justice to contradict a very absurd
+    and ill-natured story, as to what passed at St. Andrews. It has been
+    circulated, that, after grace was said in English, in the usual manner,
+    he with the greatest marks of contempt, as if he had held it to be no
+    grace in an university, would not sit down till he had said grace aloud
+    in Latin. This would have been an insult indeed to the gentlemen who
+    were entertaining us. But the truth was precisely thus. In the course of
+    conversation at dinner, Dr. Johnson, in very good humour, said, 'I
+    should have expected to have heard a Latin grace, among so many learned
+    men: we had always a Latin grace at Oxford. I believe I can repeat
+    it.'<a href="#note-196">[196]</a> Which he did, as giving the learned men in one place a
+    specimen of what was done by the learned men in another place.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We went and saw the church, in which is Archbishop Sharp's
+    monument.<a href="#note-197">[197]</a> I was struck with the same kind of feelings with which
+    the churches of Italy impressed me. I was much pleased, to see Dr.
+    Johnson actually in St. Andrews, of which we had talked so long.
+    Professor Haddo was with us this afternoon, along with Dr. Watson. We
+    looked at St. Salvador's College. The rooms for students seemed very
+    commodious, and Dr. Johnson said, the chapel was the neatest place of
+    worship he had seen. The key of the library could not be found; for it
+    seems Professor Hill, who was out of town, had taken it with him. Dr.
+    Johnson told a joke he had heard of a monastery abroad, where the key of
+    the library could never be found.
+</p>
+<p>
+    It was somewhat dispiriting, to see this ancient archiepiscopal city
+    now sadly deserted<a href="#note-198">[198]</a>. We saw in one of its streets a remarkable proof
+    of liberal toleration; a nonjuring clergyman, strutting about in his
+    canonicals, with a jolly countenance and a round belly, like a
+    well-fed monk.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We observed two occupations united in the same person, who had hung out
+    two sign-posts. Upon one was, 'James Hood, White Iron Smith' (<i>i.e.</i>
+    Tin-plate Worker). Upon another, 'The Art of Fencing taught, by James
+    Hood.'&mdash;Upon this last were painted some trees, and two men fencing, one
+    of whom had hit the other in the eye, to shew his great dexterity; so
+    that the art was well taught. JOHNSON. 'Were I studying here, I should
+    go and take a lesson. I remember <i>Hope</i>, in his book on this art<a href="#note-199">[199]</a>,
+    says, "the Scotch are very good fencers."'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We returned to the inn, where we had been entertained at dinner, and
+    drank tea in company with some of the Professors, of whose civilities I
+    beg leave to add my humble and very grateful acknowledgement to the
+    honourable testimony of Dr. Johnson, in his <i>Journey</i><a href="#note-200">[200]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We talked of composition, which was a favourite topick of Dr. Watson's,
+    who first distinguished himself by lectures on rhetorick. JOHNSON. 'I
+    advised Chambers, and would advise every young man beginning to compose,
+    to do it as fast as he can, to get a habit of having his mind to start
+    promptly; it is so much more difficult to improve in speed than in
+    accuracy<a href="#note-201">[201]</a>.' WATSON. 'I own I am for much attention to accuracy in
+    composing, lest one should get bad habits of doing it in a slovenly
+    manner.' JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, you are confounding <i>doing</i> inaccurately
+    with the <i>necessity</i> of doing inaccurately. A man knows when his
+    composition is inaccurate, and when he thinks fit he'll correct it. But,
+    if a man is accustomed to compose slowly, and with difficulty, upon all
+    occasions, there is danger that he may not compose at all, as we do not
+    like to do that which is not done easily; and, at any rate, more time is
+    consumed in a small matter than ought to be.' WATSON. 'Dr. Hugh Blair
+    has taken a week to compose a sermon.' JOHNSON. 'Then, Sir, that is for
+    want of the habit of composing quickly, which I am insisting one should
+    acquire.' WATSON. 'Blair was not composing all the week, but only such
+    hours as he found himself disposed for composition.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir,
+    unless you tell me the time he took, you tell me nothing. If I say I
+    took a week to walk a mile, and have had the gout five days, and been
+    ill otherwise another day, I have taken but one day. I myself have
+    composed about forty sermons<a href="#note-202">[202]</a>. I have begun a sermon after dinner,
+    and sent it off by the post that night. I wrote forty-eight of the
+    printed octavo pages of the <i>Life of Savage</i> at a sitting; but then I
+    sat up all night. I have also written six sheets in a day of translation
+    from the French<a href="#note-203">[203]</a>.' BOSWELL. 'We have all observed how one man
+    dresses himself slowly, and another fast.' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir: it is
+    wonderful how much time some people will consume in dressing; taking up
+    a thing and looking at it, and laying it down, and taking it up again.
+    Every one should get the habit of doing it quickly. I would say to a
+    young divine, "Here is your text; let me see how soon you can make a
+    sermon." Then I'd say, "Let me see how much better you can make it."
+    Thus I should see both his powers and his judgement.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We all went to Dr. Watson's to supper. Miss Sharp, great grandchild of
+    Archbishop Sharp, was there; as was Mr. Craig, the ingenious architect
+    of the new town of Edinburgh<a href="#note-204">[204]</a> and nephew of Thomson, to whom Dr.
+    Johnson has since done so much justice, in his <i>Lives of the Poets</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We talked of memory, and its various modes. JOHNSON. 'Memory will play
+    strange tricks. One sometimes loses a single word. I once lost <i>fugaces</i>
+    in the Ode <i>Posthume, Posthume</i><a href="#note-205">[205]</a>.' I mentioned to him, that a worthy
+    gentleman of my acquaintance actually forgot his own name. JOHNSON.
+    'Sir, that was a morbid oblivion.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_13"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    FRIDAY, AUGUST 20.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Dr. Shaw, the professor of divinity, breakfasted with us. I took out my
+    <i>Ogden on Prayer</i>, and read some of it to the company. Dr. Johnson
+    praised him. 'Abernethy<a href="#note-206">[206]</a>, (said he,) allows only of a physical
+    effect of prayer upon the mind, which may be produced many ways, as well
+    as by prayer; for instance, by meditation. Ogden goes farther. In truth,
+    we have the consent of all nations for the efficacy of prayer, whether
+    offered up by individuals, or by assemblies; and Revelation has told us,
+    it will be effectual.' I said, 'Leechman seemed to incline to
+    Abernethy's doctrine.' Dr. Watson observed, that Leechman meant to shew,
+    that, even admitting no effect to be produced by prayer, respecting the
+    Deity, it was useful to our own minds<a href="#note-207">[207]</a>. He had given only a part of
+    his system. Dr. Johnson thought he should have given the whole.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson enforced the strict observance of Sunday<a href="#note-208">[208]</a>. 'It should be
+    different (he observed) from another day. People may walk, but not throw
+    stones at birds. There may be relaxation, but there should be no
+    levity<a href="#note-209">[209]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We went and saw Colonel Nairne's garden and grotto. Here was a fine old
+    plane tree. Unluckily the colonel said, there was but this and another
+    large tree in the county. This assertion was an excellent cue for Dr.
+    Johnson, who laughed enormously, calling to me to hear it. He had
+    expatiated to me on the nakedness of that part of Scotland which he had
+    seen. His <i>Journey</i> has been violently abused, for what he has said upon
+    this subject. But let it be considered, that, when Dr. Johnson talks of
+    trees, he means trees of good size, such as he was accustomed to see in
+    England; and of these there are certainly very few upon the <i>eastern
+    coast</i> of Scotland. Besides, he said, that he meant to give only a map
+    of the road; and let any traveller observe how many trees, which deserve
+    the name, he can see from the road from Berwick to Aberdeen<a href="#note-210">[210]</a>. Had
+    Dr. Johnson said, 'there are <i>no</i> trees' upon this line, he would have
+    said what is colloquially true; because, by no trees, in common speech,
+    we mean few. When he is particular in counting, he may be attacked. I
+    know not how Colonel Nairne came to say there were but <i>two</i> large trees
+    in the county of Fife. I did not perceive that he smiled. There are
+    certainly not a great many; but I could have shewn him more than two at
+    <i>Balmuto</i>, from whence my ancestors came, and which now belongs to a
+    branch of my family<a href="#note-211">[211]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The grotto was ingeniously constructed. In the front of it were
+    petrified stocks of fir, plane, and some other tree. Dr. Johnson said,
+    'Scotland has no right to boast of this grotto; it is owing to personal
+    merit. I never denied personal merit to many of you.' Professor Shaw
+    said to me, as we walked, 'This is a wonderful man; he is master of
+    every subject he handles.' Dr. Watson allowed him a very strong
+    understanding, but wondered at his total inattention to established
+    manners, as he came from London.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I have not preserved in my Journal, any of the conversation which passed
+    between Dr. Johnson and Professor Shaw; but I recollect Dr. Johnson said
+    to me afterwards, 'I took much to Shaw.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We left St. Andrews about noon, and some miles from it observing, at
+    <i>Leuchars</i>, a church with an old tower, we stopped to look at it. The
+    <i>manse</i>, as the parsonage-house is called in Scotland, was close by. I
+    waited on the minister, mentioned our names, and begged he would tell us
+    what he knew about it. He was a very civil old man; but could only
+    inform us, that it was supposed to have stood eight hundred years. He
+    told us, there was a colony of Danes in his parish<a href="#note-212">[212]</a>; that they had
+    landed at a remote period of time, and still remained a distinct people.
+    Dr. Johnson shrewdly inquired whether they had brought women with them.
+    We were not satisfied as to this colony.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We saw, this day, Dundee and Aberbrothick, the last of which Dr. Johnson
+    has celebrated in his <i>Journey</i><a href="#note-213">[213]</a>. Upon the road we talked of the
+    Roman Catholick faith. He mentioned (I think) Tillotson's argument
+    against transubstantiation: 'That we are as sure we see bread and wine
+    only, as that we read in the Bible the text on which that false doctrine
+    is founded. We have only the evidence of our senses for both<a href="#note-214">[214]</a>.' 'If,
+    (he added,) GOD had never spoken figuratively, we might hold that he
+    speaks literally, when he says, "This is my body<a href="#note-215">[215]</a>."' BOSWELL. 'But
+    what do you say, Sir, to the ancient and continued tradition of the
+    church upon this point?' JOHNSON. 'Tradition, Sir, has no place, where
+    the Scriptures are plain; and tradition cannot persuade a man into a
+    belief of transubstantiation. Able men, indeed, have <i>said</i> they
+    believed it.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    This is an awful subject. I did not then press Dr. Johnson upon it: nor
+    shall I now enter upon a disquisition concerning the import of those
+    words uttered by our Saviour<a href="#note-216">[216]</a>, which had such an effect upon many of
+    his disciples, that they 'went back, and walked no more with him.' The
+    Catechism and solemn office for Communion, in the Church of England,
+    maintain a mysterious belief in more than a mere commemoration of the
+    death of Christ, by partaking of the elements of bread and wine.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson put me in mind, that, at St. Andrews, I had defended my
+    profession very well, when the question had again been started, Whether
+    a lawyer might honestly engage with the first side that offers him a
+    fee. 'Sir, (said I,) it was with your arguments against Sir William
+    Forbes<a href="#note-217">[217]</a>: but it was much that I could wield the arms of Goliah.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He said, our judges had not gone deep in the question concerning
+    literary property. I mentioned Lord Monboddo's opinion, that if a man
+    could get a work by heart, he might print it, as by such an act the mind
+    is exercised. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; a man's repeating it no more makes it
+    his property, than a man may sell a cow which he drives home.' I said,
+    printing an abridgement of a work was allowed, which was only cutting
+    the horns and tail off the cow. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; 'tis making the cow
+    have a calf<a href="#note-218">[218]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    About eleven at night we arrived at Montrose. We found but a sorry inn,
+    where I myself saw another waiter put a lump of sugar with his fingers
+    into Dr. Johnson's lemonade, for which he called him 'Rascal!' It put me
+    in great glee that our landlord was an Englishman. I rallied the Doctor
+    upon this, and he grew quiet<a href="#note-219">[219]</a>. Both Sir John Hawkins's and Dr.
+    Burney's <i>History of Musick</i> had then been advertised. I asked if this
+    was not unlucky: would not they hurt one another? JOHNSON. 'No, Sir.
+    They will do good to one another. Some will buy the one, some the other,
+    and compare them; and so a talk is made about a thing, and the books
+    are sold.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He was angry at me for proposing to carry lemons with us to Sky, that
+    he might be sure to have his lemonade. 'Sir, (said he,) I do not wish to
+    be thought that feeble man who cannot do without any thing. Sir, it is
+    very bad manners to carry provisions to any man's house, as if he could
+    not entertain you. To an inferior, it is oppressive; to a superior, it
+    is insolent.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Having taken the liberty, this evening, to remark to Dr. Johnson, that
+    he very often sat quite silent for a long time, even when in company
+    with only a single friend, which I myself had sometimes sadly
+    experienced, he smiled and said, 'It is true, Sir<a href="#note-220">[220]</a>. Tom Tyers, (for
+    so he familiarly called our ingenious friend, who, since his death, has
+    paid a biographical tribute to his memory<a href="#note-221">[221]</a>,) Tom Tyers described me
+    the best. He once said to me, "Sir, you are like a ghost: you never
+    speak till you are spoken to<a href="#note-222">[222]</a>."'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_14"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SATURDAY, AUGUST 31.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Neither the Rev. Mr. Nisbet, the established minister, nor the Rev. Mr.
+    Spooner, the episcopal minister, were in town. Before breakfast, we went
+    and saw the town-hall, where is a good dancing-room, and other rooms for
+    tea-drinking. The appearance of the town from it is very well; but many
+    of the houses are built with their ends to the street, which looks
+    awkward. When we came down from it, I met Mr. Gleg, a merchant here. He
+    went with us to see the English chapel. It is situated on a pretty dry
+    spot, and there is a fine walk to it. It is really an elegant building,
+    both within and without. The organ is adorned with green and gold. Dr.
+    Johnson gave a shilling extraordinary to the clerk, saying, 'He belongs
+    to an honest church<a href="#note-223">[223]</a>.' I put him in mind, that episcopals were but
+    <i>dissenters</i> here; they were only <i>tolerated</i>. 'Sir, (said he,) we are
+    here, as Christians in Turkey.' He afterwards went into an apothecary's
+    shop, and ordered some medicine for himself, and wrote the prescription
+    in technical characters. The boy took him for a physician<a href="#note-224">[224]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I doubted much which road to take, whether to go by the coast, or by
+    Laurence Kirk and Monboddo. I knew Lord Monboddo and Dr. Johnson did not
+    love each other<a href="#note-225">[225]</a>; yet I was unwilling not to visit his Lordship; and
+    was also curious to see them together<a href="#note-226">[226]</a>. I mentioned my doubts to Dr.
+    Johnson, who said, he would go two miles out of his way to see Lord
+    Monboddo<a href="#note-227">[227]</a>. I therefore sent Joseph forward with the
+    following note:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Montrose, August 21.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'My Dear Lord,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Thus far I am come with Mr. Samuel Johnson. We must be at Aberdeen
+    to-night. I know you do not admire him so much as I do; but I cannot be
+    in this country without making you a bow at your old place, as I do not
+    know if I may again have an opportunity of seeing Monboddo. Besides, Mr.
+    Johnson says, he would go two miles out of his way to see Lord Monboddo.
+    I have sent forward my servant, that we may know if your lordship be
+    at home.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I am ever, my dear lord,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Most sincerely yours,
+</p>
+<center>
+    'JAMES BOSWELL.'
+</center>
+<p>
+    As we travelled onwards from Montrose, we had the Grampion hills in our
+    view, and some good land around us, but void of trees and hedges. Dr.
+    Johnson has said ludicrously, in his <i>Journey</i>, that the <i>hedges</i> were
+    of <i>stone</i><a href="#note-228">[228]</a>; for, instead of the verdant <i>thorn</i> to refresh the eye,
+    we found the bare <i>wall</i> or <i>dike</i> intersecting the prospect. He
+    observed, that it was wonderful to see a country so divested, so
+    denuded of trees.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We stopped at Laurence Kirk<a href="#note-229">[229]</a>, where our great Grammarian,
+    Ruddiman<a href="#note-230">[230]</a>, was once schoolmaster. We respectfully remembered that
+    excellent man and eminent scholar, by whose labours a knowledge of the
+    Latin language will be preserved in Scotland, if it shall be preserved
+    at all. Lord Gardenston<a href="#note-231">[231]</a>, one of our judges, collected money to
+    raise a monument to him at this place, which I hope will be well
+    executed<a href="#note-232">[232]</a>. I know my father gave five guineas towards it. Lord
+    Gardenston is the proprietor of Laurence Kirk, and has encouraged the
+    building of a manufacturing village, of which he is exceedingly fond,
+    and has written a pamphlet upon it<a href="#note-233">[233]</a>, as if he had founded Thebes; in
+    which, however, there are many useful precepts strongly expressed. The
+    village seemed to be irregularly built, some of the houses being of
+    clay, some of brick, and some of brick and stone. Dr. Johnson observed,
+    they thatched well here.  I was a little acquainted with Mr. Forbes,
+    the minister of the parish. I sent to inform him that a gentleman
+    desired to see him. He returned for answer, 'that he would not come to a
+    stranger.' I then gave my name, and he came. I remonstrated to him for
+    not coming to a stranger; and, by presenting him to Dr. Johnson, proved
+    to him what a stranger might sometimes be. His Bible inculcates, 'be not
+    forgetful to entertain strangers,' and mentions the same motive<a href="#note-234">[234]</a>. He
+    defended himself by saying, 'He had once come to a stranger who sent for
+    him; and he found him "<i>a little worth person!</i>"'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson insisted on stopping at the inn, as I told him that Lord
+    Gardenston had furnished it with a collection of books, that travellers
+    might have entertainment for the mind, as well as the body. He praised
+    the design, but wished there had been more books, and those
+    better chosen.
+</p>
+<p>
+    About a mile from Monboddo, where you turn off the road, Joseph was
+    waiting to tell us my lord expected us to dinner. We drove over a wild
+    moor. It rained, and the scene was somewhat dreary. Dr. Johnson
+    repeated, with solemn emphasis, Macbeth's speech on meeting the witches.
+    As we travelled on, he told me, 'Sir, you got into our club by doing
+    what a man can do<a href="#note-235">[235]</a>. Several of the members wished to keep you out.
+    Burke told me, he doubted if you were fit for it: but, now you are in,
+    none of them are sorry. Burke says, that you have so much good humour
+    naturally, it is scarce a virtue<a href="#note-236">[236]</a>.' BOSWELL. 'They were afraid of
+    you, Sir, as it was you who proposed me.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, they knew, that
+    if they refused you, they'd probably never have got in another. I'd have
+    kept them all out. Beauclerk was very earnest for you.' BOSWELL.
+    "Beauclerk has a keenness of mind which is very uncommon." JOHNSON.
+    'Yes, Sir; and everything comes from him so easily. It appears to me
+    that I labour, when I say a good thing.' BOSWELL. 'You are loud, Sir;
+    but it is not an effort of mind<a href="#note-237">[237]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Monboddo is a wretched place, wild and naked, with a poor old house;
+    though, if I recollect right, there are two turrets which mark an old
+    baron's residence. Lord Monboddo received us at his gate most
+    courteously; pointed to the Douglas arms upon his house, and told us
+    that his great-grandmother was of that family. 'In such houses (said
+    he,) our ancestors lived, who were better men than we.' 'No, no, my lord
+    (said Dr. Johnson). We are as strong as they, and a great deal
+    wiser<a href="#note-238">[238]</a>.' This was an assault upon one of Lord Monboddo's capital
+    dogmas, and I was afraid there would have been a violent altercation in
+    the very close, before we got into the house. But his lordship is
+    distinguished not only for 'ancient metaphysicks,' but for ancient
+    <i>politesse</i>, '<i>la vieille cour</i>' and he made no reply<a href="#note-239">[239]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    His lordship was dressed in a rustick suit, and wore a little round
+    hat; he told us, we now saw him as <i>Farmer Burnet</i><a href="#note-240">[240]</a>, and we should
+    have his family dinner, a farmer's dinner. He said, 'I should not have
+    forgiven Mr. Boswell, had he not brought you here, Dr. Johnson.' He
+    produced a very long stalk of corn, as a specimen of his crop, and said,
+    'You see here the <i>loetas segetes</i><a href="#note-241">[241]</a>;' he added, that <i>Virgil</i> seemed
+    to be as enthusiastick a farmer as he<a href="#note-242">[242]</a>, and was certainly a
+    practical one. JOHNSON. 'It does not always follow, my lord, that a man
+    who has written a good poem on an art, has practised it. Philip Miller
+    told me, that in Philips's <i>Cyder</i>, a poem, all the precepts were just,
+    and indeed better than in books written for the purpose of instructing;
+    yet Philips had never made cyder<a href="#note-243">[243]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I started the subject of emigration<a href="#note-244">[244]</a>. JOHNSON. 'To a man of mere
+    animal life, you can urge no argument against going to America, but that
+    it will be some time before he will get the earth to produce. But a man
+    of any intellectual enjoyment will not easily go and immerse himself and
+    his posterity for ages in barbarism.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He and my lord spoke highly of Homer. JOHNSON. 'He had all the learning
+    of his age. The shield of Achilles shews a nation in war, a nation in
+    peace; harvest sport, nay, stealing<a href="#note-245">[245]</a>.' MONBODDO. 'Ay, and what we
+    (looking to me) would call a parliament-house scene<a href="#note-246">[246]</a>; a cause
+    pleaded.' JOHNSON. 'That is part of the life of a nation in peace. And
+    there are in Homer such characters of heroes, and combinations of
+    qualities of heroes, that the united powers of mankind ever since have
+    not produced any but what are to be found there.' MONBODDO. 'Yet no
+    character is described.' JOHNSON. 'No; they all develope themselves.
+    Agamemnon is always a gentleman-like character; he has always [Greek:
+    Basilikon ti]. That the ancients held so, is plain from this; that
+    Euripides, in his <i>Hecuba</i>, makes him the person to interpose<a href="#note-247">[247]</a>.'
+    MONBODDO. 'The history of manners is the most valuable. I never set a
+    high value on any other history.' JOHNSON. 'Nor I; and therefore I
+    esteem biography, as giving us what comes near to ourselves, what we can
+    turn to use<a href="#note-248">[248]</a>.' BOSWELL. 'But in the course of general history, we
+    find manners. In wars, we see the dispositions of people, their degrees
+    of humanity, and other particulars.' JOHNSON. 'Yes; but then you must
+    take all the facts to get this; and it is but a little you get.'
+    MONBODDO. 'And it is that little which makes history valuable.' Bravo!
+    thought I; they agree like two brothers. MONBODDO. 'I am sorry, Dr.
+    Johnson, you were not longer at Edinburgh to receive the homage of our
+    men of learning.' JOHNSON. 'My lord, I received great respect and great
+    kindness.' BOSWELL. 'He goes back to Edinburgh after our tour.' We
+    talked of the decrease of learning in Scotland, and of the <i>Muses'
+    Welcome</i><a href="#note-249">[249]</a>. JOHNSON. 'Learning is much decreased in England, in my
+    remembrance<a href="#note-250">[250]</a>.' MONBODDO. 'You, Sir, have lived to see its decrease
+    in England, I its extinction in Scotland.' However, I brought him to
+    confess that the High School of Edinburgh did well. JOHNSON. 'Learning
+    has decreased in England, because learning will not do so much for a man
+    as formerly. There are other ways of getting preferment. Few bishops are
+    now made for their learning. To be a bishop, a man must be learned in a
+    learned age,&mdash;factious in a factious age; but always of eminence<a href="#note-251">[251]</a>.
+    Warburton is an exception; though his learning alone did not raise him.
+    He was first an antagonist to Pope, and helped Theobald to publish his
+    <i>Shakspeare</i>; but, seeing Pope the rising man, when Crousaz attacked his
+    <i>Essay on Man</i>, for some faults which it has, and some which it has not,
+    Warburton defended it in the Review of that time<a href="#note-252">[252]</a>. This brought him
+    acquainted with Pope, and he gained his friendship. Pope introduced him
+    to Allen, Allen married him to his niece: so, by Allen's interest and
+    his own, he was made a bishop<a href="#note-253">[253]</a>. But then his learning was the <i>sine
+    qua non</i>: he knew how to make the most of it; but I do not find by any
+    dishonest means.' MONBODDO. 'He is a great man.' JOHNSON. 'Yes; he has
+    great knowledge,&mdash;great power of mind. Hardly any man brings greater
+    variety of learning to bear upon his point<a href="#note-254">[254]</a>.' MONBODDO. 'He is one
+    of the greatest lights of your church.' JOHNSON. 'Why, we are not so
+    sure of his being very friendly to us<a href="#note-255">[255]</a>. He blazes, if you will, but
+    that is not always the steadiest light. Lowth is another bishop who has
+    risen by his learning.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson examined young Arthur, Lord Monboddo's son, in Latin. He
+    answered very well; upon which he said, with complacency, 'Get you gone!
+    When King James comes back<a href="#note-256">[256]</a>, you shall be in the <i>Muses Welcome</i>!'
+    My lord and Dr. Johnson disputed a little, whether the Savage or the
+    London Shopkeeper had the best existence; his lordship, as usual,
+    preferring the Savage. My lord was extremely hospitable, and I saw both
+    Dr. Johnson and him liking each other better every hour.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson having retired for a short time, his lordship spoke of his
+    conversation as I could have wished. Dr. Johnson had said, 'I have done
+    greater feats with my knife than this;' though he had eaten a very
+    hearty dinner. My lord, who affects or believes he follows an
+    abstemious system, seemed struck with Dr. Johnson's manner of living. I
+    had a particular satisfaction in being under the roof of Monboddo, my
+    lord being my father's old friend, and having been always very good to
+    me. We were cordial together. He asked Dr. Johnson and me to stay all
+    night. When I said we <i>must</i> be at Aberdeen, he replied, 'Well, I am
+    like the Romans: I shall say to you, "Happy to come;&mdash;happy to depart!"'
+    He thanked Dr. Johnson for his visit.
+</p>
+<p>
+    JOHNSON. 'I little thought, when I had the honour to meet your Lordship
+    in London, that I should see you at Monboddo.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    After dinner, as the ladies<a href="#note-257">[257]</a> were going away, Dr. Johnson would
+    stand up. He insisted that politeness was of great consequence in
+    society. 'It is, (said he,) fictitious benevolence<a href="#note-258">[258]</a>. It supplies the
+    place of it amongst those who see each other only in publick, or but
+    little. Depend upon it, the want of it never fails to produce something
+    disagreeable to one or other. I have always applied to good breeding,
+    what Addison in his <i>Cato</i><a href="#note-259">[259]</a> says of honour:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     "Honour's a sacred tie; the law of Kings;
+      The noble mind's distinguishing perfection,
+      That aids and strengthens Virtue where it meets her;
+      And imitates her actions where she is not."'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    When he took up his large oak stick, he said, 'My lord, that's
+    <i>Homerick</i><a href="#note-260">[260]</a>;' thus pleasantly alluding to his lordship's
+    favourite writer.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Gory, my lord's black servant, was sent as our guide, to conduct us to
+    the high road. The circumstance of each of them having a black servant
+    was another point of similarity between Johnson and Monboddo. I
+    observed how curious it was to see an African in the North of Scotland,
+    with little or no difference of manners from those of the natives. Dr.
+    Johnson laughed to see Gory and Joseph riding together most cordially.
+    'Those two fellows, (said he,) one from Africa, the other from Bohemia,
+    seem quite at home.' He was much pleased with Lord Monboddo to-day. He
+    said, he would have pardoned him for a few paradoxes, when he found he
+    had so much that was good: but that, from his appearance in London, he
+    thought him all paradox; which would not do. He observed that his
+    lordship had talked no paradoxes to-day. 'And as to the savage and the
+    London shopkeeper, (said he,) I don't know but I might have taken the
+    side of the savage equally, had any body else taken the side of the
+    shopkeeper.<a href="#note-261">[261]</a>' He had said to my lord, in opposition to the value of
+    the savage's courage, that it was owing to his limited power of
+    thinking, and repeated Pope's verses, in which 'Macedonia's madman' is
+    introduced, and the conclusion is,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Yet ne'er looks forward farther than his nose<a href="#note-262">[262]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    I objected to the last phrase, as being low. JOHNSON. 'Sir, it is
+    intended to be low: it is satire. The expression is debased, to debase
+    the character.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    When Gory was about to part from us, Dr. Johnson called to him, 'Mr.
+    Gory, give me leave to ask you a question! are you baptised?' Gory told
+    him he was, and confirmed by the Bishop of Durham. He then gave him
+    a shilling.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We had tedious driving this afternoon, and were somewhat drowsy. Last
+    night I was afraid Dr. Johnson was beginning to faint in his resolution;
+    for he said, 'If we must ride much, we shall not go; and there's an end
+    on't.' To-day, when he talked of <i>Sky</i> with spirit, I said, 'Why, Sir,
+    you seemed to me to despond yesterday. You are a delicate Londoner;&mdash;you
+    are a maccaroni<a href="#note-263">[263]</a>; you can't ride.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, I shall ride
+    better than you. I was only afraid I should not find a horse able to
+    carry me.' I hoped then there would be no fear of getting through our
+    wild Tour.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We came to Aberdeen at half an hour past eleven. The New Inn, we were
+    told, was full. This was comfortless. The waiter, however, asked, if one
+    of our names was Boswell, and brought me a letter left at the inn: it
+    was from Mr. Thrale, enclosing one to Dr. Johnson<a href="#note-264">[264]</a>. Finding who I
+    was, we were told they would contrive to lodge us by putting us for a
+    night into a room with two beds. The waiter said to me in the broad
+    strong Aberdeenshire dialect, 'I thought I knew you by your likeness to
+    your father.' My father puts up at the New Inn, when on his circuit.
+    Little was said to-night. I was to sleep in a little press-bed in Dr.
+    Johnson's room. I had it wheeled out into the dining-room, and there I
+    lay very well.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_15"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SUNDAY, AUGUST 22.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    I sent a message to Professor Thomas Gordon, who came and breakfasted
+    with us. He had secured seats for us at the English chapel. We found a
+    respectable congregation, and an admirable organ, well played by
+    Mr. Tait.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We walked down to the shore: Dr. Johnson laughed to hear that Cromwell's
+    soldiers taught the Aberdeen people to make shoes and stockings, and to
+    plant cabbages<a href="#note-265">[265]</a>. He asked, if weaving the plaids[266] was ever a
+    domestick art in the Highlands, like spinning or knitting. They could
+    not inform him here. But he conjectured probably, that where people
+    lived so remote from each other, it was likely to be a domestick art; as
+    we see it was among the ancients, from Penelope. I was sensible to-day,
+    to an extraordinary degree, of Dr. Johnson's excellent English
+    pronunciation. I cannot account for its striking me more now than any
+    other day: but it was as if new to me; and I listened to every sentence
+    which he spoke, as to a musical composition. Professor Gordon gave him
+    an account of the plan of education in his college. Dr. Johnson said, it
+    was similar to that at Oxford. Waller the poet's great-grandson was
+    studying here. Dr. Johnson wondered that a man should send his son so
+    far off, when there were so many good schools in England<a href="#note-267">[267]</a>. He said,
+    'At a great school there is all the splendour and illumination of many
+    minds; the radiance of all is concentrated in each, or at least
+    reflected upon each. But we must own that neither a dull boy, nor an
+    idle boy, will do so well at a great school as at a private one. For at
+    a great school there are always boys enough to do well easily, who are
+    sufficient to keep up the credit of the school; and after whipping being
+    tried to no purpose, the dull or idle boys are left at the end of a
+    class, having the appearance of going through the course, but learning
+    nothing at all<a href="#note-268">[268]</a>. Such boys may do good at a private school, where
+    constant attention is paid to them, and they are watched. So that the
+    question of publick or private education is not properly a general one;
+    but whether one or the other is best for <i>my son</i>.'  We were told the
+    present Mr. Waller was a plain country gentleman; and his son would be
+    such another. I observed, a family could not expect a poet but in a
+    hundred generations. 'Nay, (said Dr. Johnson,) not one family in a
+    hundred can expect a poet in a hundred generations.' He then repeated
+    Dryden's celebrated lines,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Three poets in three distant ages born,' &amp;c.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    and a part of a Latin translation of it done at Oxford<a href="#note-269">[269]</a>: he did not
+    then say by whom.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He received a card from Sir Alexander Gordon, who had been his
+    acquaintance twenty years ago in London, and who, 'if forgiven for not
+    answering a line from him,' would come in the afternoon. Dr. Johnson
+    rejoiced to hear of him, and begged he would come and dine with us. I
+    was much pleased to see the kindness with which Dr. Johnson received his
+    old friend Sir Alexander<a href="#note-270">[270]</a>; a gentleman of good family, <i>Lismore</i>,
+    but who had not the estate. The King's College here made him Professor
+    of Medicine, which affords him a decent subsistence. He told us that the
+    value of the stockings exported from Aberdeen was, in peace, a hundred
+    thousand pounds; and amounted, in time of war, to one hundred and
+    seventy thousand pounds. Dr. Johnson asked, What made the difference?
+    Here we had a proof of the comparative sagacity of the two professors.
+    Sir Alexander answered, 'Because there is more occasion for them in
+    war.' Professor Thomas Gordon answered, 'Because the Germans, who are
+    our great rivals in the manufacture of stockings, are otherwise employed
+    in time of war.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, you have given a very good solution.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    At dinner, Dr. Johnson ate several plate-fulls of Scotch broth, with
+    barley and peas in it, and seemed very fond of the dish. I said, 'You
+    never ate it before.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; but I don't care how soon I eat
+    it again<a href="#note-271">[271]</a>.' My cousin, Miss Dallas, formerly of Inverness, was
+    married to Mr. Riddoch, one of the ministers of the English chapel here.
+    He was ill, and confined to his room; but she sent us a kind invitation
+    to tea, which we all accepted. She was the same lively, sensible,
+    cheerful woman as ever. Dr. Johnson here threw out some jokes against
+    Scotland. He said, 'You go first to Aberdeen; then to <i>Enbru</i> (the
+    Scottish pronunciation of Edinburgh); then to Newcastle, to be polished
+    by the colliers; then to York; then to London.' And he laid hold of a
+    little girl, Stuart Dallas, niece to Mrs. Riddoch, and, representing
+    himself as a giant, said, he would take her with him! telling her, in a
+    hollow voice, that he lived in a cave, and had a bed in the rock, and
+    she should have a little bed cut opposite to it!
+</p>
+<p>
+    He thus treated the point, as to prescription of murder in
+    Scotland<a href="#note-272">[272]</a>. 'A jury in England would make allowance for deficiencies
+    of evidence, on account of lapse of time; but a general rule that a
+    crime should not be punished, or tried for the purpose of punishment,
+    after twenty years, is bad. It is cant to talk of the King's advocate
+    delaying a prosecution from malice. How unlikely is it the King's
+    advocate should have malice against persons who commit murder, or should
+    even know them at all. If the son of the murdered man should kill the
+    murderer who got off merely by prescription, I would help him to make
+    his escape; though, were I upon his jury, I would not acquit him. I
+    would not advise him to commit such an act. On the contrary, I would bid
+    him submit to the determination of society, because a man is bound to
+    submit to the inconveniences of it, as he enjoys the good: but the
+    young man, though politically wrong, would not be morally wrong. He
+    would have to say, 'here I am amongst barbarians, who not only refuse to
+    do justice, but encourage the greatest of all crimes. I am therefore in
+    a state of nature: for, so far as there is no law, it is a state of
+    nature: and consequently, upon the eternal and immutable law of justice,
+    which requires that he who sheds man's blood should have his blood
+    shed<a href="#note-273">[273]</a>, I will stab the murderer of my father.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We went to our inn, and sat quietly. Dr. Johnson borrowed, at Mr.
+    Riddoch's, a volume of <i>Massillon's Discourses on the Psalms</i>: but I
+    found he read little in it. Ogden too he sometimes took up, and glanced
+    at; but threw it down again. I then entered upon religious conversation.
+    Never did I see him in a better frame: calm, gentle, wise, holy. I said,
+    'Would not the same objection hold against the Trinity as against
+    Transubstantiation?' 'Yes, (said he,) if you take three and one in the
+    same sense. If you do so, to be sure you cannot believe it: but the
+    three persons in the Godhead are Three in one sense, and One in another.
+    We cannot tell how; and that is the mystery!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I spoke of the satisfaction of Christ. He said his notion was, that it
+    did not atone for the sins of the world; but, by satisfying divine
+    justice, by shewing that no less than the Son of God suffered for sin,
+    it shewed to men and innumerable created beings, the heinousness of it,
+    and therefore rendered it unnecessary for divine vengeance to be
+    exercised against sinners, as it otherwise must have been; that in this
+    way it might operate even in favour of those who had never heard of it:
+    as to those who did hear of it, the effect it should produce would be
+    repentance and piety, by impressing upon the mind a just notion of sin:
+    that original sin was the propensity to evil, which no doubt was
+    occasioned by the fall. He presented this solemn subject in a new light
+    to me<a href="#note-274">[274]</a>, and rendered much more rational and clear the doctrine of
+    what our Saviour has done for us;&mdash;as it removed the notion of imputed
+    righteousness in co-operating; whereas by this view, Christ has done all
+    already that he had to do, or is ever to do for mankind, by making his
+    great satisfaction; the consequences of which will affect each
+    individual according to the particular conduct of each. I would
+    illustrate this by saying, that Christ's satisfaction resembles a sun
+    placed to shew light to men, so that it depends upon themselves whether
+    they will walk the right way or not, which they could not have done
+    without that sun, '<i>the sun of righteousness</i><a href="#note-275">[275]</a>' There is, however,
+    more in it than merely giving light&mdash;<i>a light to lighten the
+    Gentiles</i><a href="#note-276">[276]</a>: for we are told, there <i>is healing under his
+    wings</i><a href="#note-277">[277]</a>. Dr. Johnson said to me, 'Richard Baxter commends a
+    treatise by Grotius, <i>De Satisfactione Christi</i>. I have never read it:
+    but I intend to read it; and you may read it.' I remarked, upon the
+    principle now laid down, we might explain the difficult and seemingly
+    hard text, 'They that believe shall be saved; and they that believe not
+    shall be damned<a href="#note-278">[278]</a>:' They that believe shall have such an impression
+    made upon their minds, as will make them act so that they may be
+    accepted by GOD.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We talked of one of our friends<a href="#note-279">[279]</a> taking ill, for a length of time, a
+    hasty expression of Dr. Johnson's to him, on his attempting to prosecute
+    a subject that had a reference to religion, beyond the bounds within
+    which the Doctor thought such topicks should be confined in a mixed
+    company. JOHNSON. 'What is to become of society, if a friendship of
+    twenty years is to be broken off for such a cause?' As Bacon says,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Who then to frail mortality shall trust,
+      But limns the water, or but writes in dust<a href="#note-280">[280]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    I said, he should write expressly in support of Christianity; for that,
+    although a reverence for it shines through his works in several places,
+    that is not enough. 'You know, (said I,) what Grotius has done, and what
+    Addison has done<a href="#note-281">[281]</a>.&mdash;You should do also.' He replied, 'I hope
+    I shall.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_16"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    MONDAY, AUGUST 23.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Principal Campbell, Sir Alexander Gordon, Professor Gordon, and
+    Professor Ross, visited us in the morning, as did Dr. Gerard, who had
+    come six miles from the country on purpose. We went and saw the
+    Marischal College<a href="#note-282">[282]</a>, and at one o'clock we waited on the magistrates
+    in the town hall, as they had invited us in order to present Dr. Johnson
+    with the freedom of the town, which Provost Jopp did with a very good
+    grace. Dr. Johnson was much pleased with this mark of attention, and
+    received it very politely. There was a pretty numerous company
+    assembled. It was striking to hear all of them drinking 'Dr. Johnson!
+    Dr. Johnson!' in the town-hall of Aberdeen, and then to see him with
+    his burgess-ticket, or diploma<a href="#note-283">[283]</a>, in his hat, which he wore as he
+    walked along the street, according to the usual custom. It gave me great
+    satisfaction to observe the regard, and indeed fondness too, which every
+    body here had for my father.
+</p>
+<p>
+    While Sir Alexander Gordon conducted Dr. Johnson to old Aberdeen,
+    Professor Gordon and I called on Mr. Riddoch, whom I found to be a grave
+    worthy clergyman. He observed, that, whatever might be said of Dr.
+    Johnson while he was alive, he would, after he was dead, be looked upon
+    by the world with regard and astonishment, on account of his
+    <i>Dictionary</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Professor Gordon and I walked over to the Old College, which Dr. Johnson
+    had seen by this time. I stepped into the chapel, and looked at the tomb
+    of the founder, Archbishop Elphinston<a href="#note-284">[284]</a>, of whom I shall have
+    occasion to write in my <i>History of James IV. of Scotland</i>, the patron
+    of my family<a href="#note-285">[285]</a>.  We dined at Sir Alexander Gordon's. The Provost,
+    Professor Ross, Professor Dunbar, Professor Thomas Gordon, were there.
+    After dinner came in Dr. Gerard, Professor Leslie<a href="#note-286">[286]</a>, Professor
+    Macleod. We had little or no conversation in the morning; now we were
+    but barren. The professors seemed afraid to speak<a href="#note-287">[287]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Gerard told us that an eminent printer<a href="#note-288">[288]</a> was very intimate with
+    Warburton. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, he has printed some of his works, and
+    perhaps bought the property of some of them. The intimacy is such as one
+    of the professors here may have with one of the carpenters who is
+    repairing the college.' 'But, (said Gerard,) I saw a letter from him to
+    this printer, in which he says, that the one half of the clergy of the
+    church of Scotland are fanaticks, and the other half infidels.' JOHNSON.
+    'Warburton has accustomed himself to write letters just as he speaks,
+    without thinking any more of what he throws out<a href="#note-289">[289]</a>. When I read
+    Warburton first, and observed his force, and his contempt of mankind, I
+    thought he had driven the world before him; but I soon found that was
+    not the case; for Warburton, by extending his abuse, rendered it
+    ineffectual<a href="#note-290">[290]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He told me, when we were by ourselves, that he thought it very wrong in
+    the printer to shew Warburton's letter, as it was raising a body of
+    enemies against him. He thought it foolish in Warburton to write so to
+    the printer; and added, 'Sir, the worst way of being intimate, is by
+    scribbling.' He called Warburton's <i>Doctrine of Grace</i><a href="#note-291">[291]</a> a poor
+    performance, and so he said was Wesley's Answer<a href="#note-292">[292]</a>. 'Warburton, he
+    observed, had laid himself very open. In particular, he was weak enough
+    to say, that, in some disorders of the imagination, people had spoken
+    with tongues, had spoken languages which they never knew before; a thing
+    as absurd as to say, that, in some disorders of the imagination, people
+    had been known to fly.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I talked of the difference of genius, to try if I could engage Gerard in
+    a disquisition with Dr. Johnson; but I did not succeed. I mentioned, as
+    a curious fact, that Locke had written verses. JOHNSON. 'I know of none,
+    Sir, but a kind of exercise prefixed to Dr. Sydenham's Works<a href="#note-293">[293]</a>, in
+    which he has some conceits about the dropsy, in which water and burning
+    are united; and how Dr. Sydenham removed fire by drawing off water,
+    contrary to the usual practice, which is to extinguish fire by bringing
+    water upon it. I am not sure that there is a word of all this; but it is
+    such kind of talk<a href="#note-294">[294]</a>.'  We spoke of <i>Fingal</i>[295]. Dr. Johnson said
+    calmly, 'If the poems were really translated, they were certainly first
+    written down. Let Mr. Macpherson deposite the manuscript in one of the
+    colleges at Aberdeen, where there are people who can judge; and, if the
+    professors certify the authenticity, then there will be an end of the
+    controversy. If he does not take this obvious and easy method, he gives
+    the best reason to doubt; considering too, how much is against it
+    <i>à priori'</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We sauntered after dinner in Sir Alexander's garden, and saw his little
+    grotto, which is hung with pieces of poetry written in a fair hand. It
+    was agreeable to observe the contentment and kindness of this quiet,
+    benevolent man. Professor Macleod was brother to Macleod of Talisker,
+    and brother-in-law to the Laird of Col. He gave me a letter to young
+    Col. I was weary of this day, and began to think wishfully of being
+    again in motion. I was uneasy to think myself too fastidious, whilst I
+    fancied Dr. Johnson quite satisfied. But he owned to me that he was
+    fatigued and teased by Sir Alexander's doing too much to entertain him.
+    I said, it was all kindness. JOHNSON. 'True, Sir; but sensation is
+    sensation.' BOSWELL. 'It is so: we feel pain equally from the surgeon's
+    probe, as from the sword of the foe.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We visited two booksellers' shops, and could not find Arthur Johnston's
+    Poems'<a href="#note-296">[296]</a>. We went and sat near an hour at Mr. Riddoch's. He could
+    not tell distinctly how much education at the college here costs<a href="#note-297">[297]</a>,
+    which disgusted Dr. Johnson. I had pledged myself that we should go to
+    the inn, and not stay supper. They pressed us, but he was resolute. I
+    saw Mr. Riddoch did not please him. He said to me, afterwards, 'Sir, he
+    has no vigour in his talk.' But my friend should have considered that he
+    himself was not in good humour; so that it was not easy to talk to his
+    satisfaction. We sat contentedly at our inn. He then became merry, and
+    observed how little we had either heard or said at Aberdeen: that the
+    Aberdonians had not started a single <i>mawkin</i> (the Scottish word for
+    hare) for us to pursue<a href="#note-298">[298]</a>.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_17"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    TUESDAY, AUGUST 24.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    We set out about eight in the morning, and breakfasted at Ellon. The
+    landlady said to me, 'Is not this the great Doctor that is going about
+    through the country?' I said, 'Yes.' 'Ay, (said she) we heard of him. I
+    made an errand into the room on purpose to see him. There's something
+    great in his appearance: it is a pleasure to have such a man in one's
+    house; a man who does so much good. If I had thought of it, I would have
+    shewn him a child of mine, who has had a lump on his throat for some
+    time.' 'But, (said I,) he is not a doctor of physick.' 'Is he an
+    oculist?' said the landlord. 'No, (said I,) he is only a very learned
+    man.' LANDLORD. 'They say he is the greatest man in England, except Lord
+    Mansfield<a href="#note-299">[299]</a>.' Dr. Johnson was highly entertained with this, and I do
+    think he was pleased too. He said, 'I like the exception: to have called
+    me the greatest man in England, would have been an unmeaning compliment:
+    but the exception marked that the praise was in earnest: and, in
+    <i>Scotland</i>, the exception must be <i>Lord Mansfield</i>, or&mdash;<i>Sir John
+    Pringle</i><a href="#note-300">[300]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He told me a good story of Dr. Goldsmith. Graham, who wrote <i>Telemachus,
+    a Masque</i><a href="#note-301">[301]</a>, was sitting one night with him and Dr. Johnson, and was
+    half drunk. He rattled away to Dr. Johnson: 'You are a clever fellow, to
+    be sure; but you cannot write an essay like Addison, or verses like the
+    RAPE OF THE LOCK.' At last he said<a href="#note-302">[302]</a>, '<i>Doctor</i>, I should be happy to
+    see you at Eaton<a href="#note-303">[303]</a>.' 'I shall be glad to wait on you,' answered
+    Goldsmith. 'No, (said Graham,) 'tis not you I mean, Dr. <i>Minor</i>; 'tis
+    Doctor <i>Major</i>, there.' Goldsmith was excessively hurt by this. He
+    afterwards spoke of it himself. 'Graham, (said he,) is a fellow to make
+    one commit suicide.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We had received a polite invitation to Slains castle. We arrived there
+    just at three o'clock, as the bell for dinner was ringing. Though, from
+    its being just on the North-east Ocean, no trees will grow here, Lord
+    Errol has done all that can be done. He has cultivated his fields so as
+    to bear rich crops of every kind, and he has made an excellent
+    kitchen-garden, with a hot-house. I had never seen any of the family:
+    but there had been a card of invitation written by the honourable
+    Charles Boyd, the earl's brother<a href="#note-304">[304]</a>. We were conducted into the
+    house, and at the dining-room door were met by that gentleman, whom both
+    of us at first took to be Lord Errol; but he soon corrected our mistake.
+    My Lord was gone to dine in the neighbourhood, at an entertainment given
+    by Mr. Irvine of Drum. Lady Errol received us politely, and was very
+    attentive to us during the time of dinner. There was nobody at table but
+    her ladyship, Mr. Boyd, and some of the children, their governour and
+    governess. Mr. Boyd put Dr. Johnson in mind of having dined with him at
+    Cumming the Quaker's<a href="#note-305">[305]</a>, along with a Mr. Hall and Miss Williams[306]:
+    this was a bond of connection between them. For me, Mr. Boyd's
+    acquaintance with my father was enough. After dinner, Lady Errol
+    favoured us with a sight of her young family, whom she made stand up in
+    a row. There were six daughters and two sons. It was a very
+    pleasing sight.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson proposed our setting out. Mr. Boyd said, he hoped we would
+    stay all night; his brother would be at home in the evening, and would
+    be very sorry if he missed us. Mr. Boyd was called out of the room. I
+    was very desirous to stay in so comfortable a house, and I wished to
+    see Lord Errol. Dr Johnson, however, was right in resolving to go, if we
+    were not asked again, as it is best to err on the safe side in such
+    cases, and to be sure that one is quite welcome. To my great joy, when
+    Mr. Boyd returned, he told Dr. Johnson that it was Lady Errol who had
+    called him out, and said that she would never let Dr. Johnson into the
+    house again, if he went away that night; and that she had ordered the
+    coach, to carry us to view a great curiosity on the coast, after which
+    we should see the house. We cheerfully agreed.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Boyd was engaged, in 1745-6, on the same side with many unfortunate
+    mistaken noblemen and gentlemen. He escaped, and lay concealed for a
+    year in the island of Arran, the ancient territory of the Boyds. He then
+    went to France, and was about twenty years on the continent. He married
+    a French Lady, and now lived very comfortably at Aberdeen, and was much
+    at Slains castle. He entertained us with great civility. He had a
+    pompousness or formal plenitude in his conversation, which I did not
+    dislike. Dr. Johnson said, 'there was too much elaboration in his talk.'
+    It gave me pleasure to see him, a steady branch of the family, setting
+    forth all its advantages with much zeal. He told us that Lady Errol was
+    one of the most pious and sensible women in the island; had a good head,
+    and as good a heart. He said, she did not use force or fear in educating
+    her children. JOHNSON. 'Sir, she is wrong<a href="#note-307">[307]</a>; I would rather have the
+    rod to be the general terror to all, to make them learn, than tell a
+    child if you do thus or thus, you will be more esteemed than your
+    brothers or sisters. The rod produces an effect which terminates in
+    itself. A child is afraid of being whipped, and gets his task, and
+    there's an end on't; whereas, by exciting emulation, and comparisons of
+    superiority, you lay the foundation of lasting mischief; you make
+    brothers and sisters hate each other.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    During Mr. Boyd's stay in Arran, he had found a chest of medical books,
+    left by a surgeon there, and had read them till he acquired some skill
+    in physick, in consequence of which he is often consulted by the poor.
+    There were several here waiting for him as patients. We walked round the
+    house till stopped by a cut made by the influx of the sea. The house is
+    built quite upon the shore; the windows look upon the main ocean, and
+    the King of Denmark is Lord Errol's nearest neighbour on the
+    north-east<a href="#note-308">[308]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We got immediately into the coach, and drove to <i>Dunbui</i>, a rock near
+    the shore, quite covered with sea-fowls; then to a circular bason of
+    large extent, surrounded with tremendous rocks. On the quarter next the
+    sea, there is a high arch in the rock, which the force of the tempest
+    has driven out. This place is called <i>Buchan's Buller</i>, or the <i>Buller
+    of Buchan</i>, and the country people call it the <i>Pot</i>. Mr. Boyd said it
+    was so called from the French <i>Bouloir</i>. It may be more simply traced
+    from <i>Boiler</i> in our own language. We walked round this monstrous
+    cauldron. In some places, the rock is very narrow; and on each side
+    there is a sea deep enough for a man of war to ride in; so that it is
+    somewhat horrid to move along. However, there is earth and grass upon
+    the rock, and a kind of road marked out by the print of feet; so that
+    one makes it out pretty safely: yet it alarmed me to see Dr. Johnson
+    striding irregularly along. He insisted on taking a boat, and sailing
+    into the Pot. We did so. He was stout, and wonderfully alert. The
+    Buchan-men all shewing their teeth, and speaking with that strange sharp
+    accent which distinguishes them, was to me a matter of curiosity. He was
+    not sensible of the difference of pronunciation in the South and North
+    of Scotland, which I wondered at.
+</p>
+<p>
+    As the entry into the <i>Buller</i> is so narrow that oars cannot be used as
+    you go in, the method taken is, to row very hard when you come near it,
+    and give the boat such a rapidity of motion that it glides in. Dr.
+    Johnson observed what an effect this scene would have had, were we
+    entering into an unknown place. There are caves of considerable depth; I
+    think, one on each side. The boatmen had never entered either of them
+    far enough to know the size. Mr. Boyd told us that it is customary for
+    the company at Peterhead well, to make parties, and come and dine in one
+    of the caves here.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He told us, that, as Slains is at a considerable distance from Aberdeen,
+    Lord Errol, who has a very large family, resolved to have a surgeon of
+    his own. With this view he educated one of his tenant's sons, who is now
+    settled in a very neat house and farm just by, which we saw from the
+    road. By the salary which the earl allows him, and the practice which he
+    has had, he is in very easy circumstances. He had kept an exact account
+    of all that had been laid out on his education, and he came to his
+    lordship one day, and told him that he had arrived at a much higher
+    situation than ever he expected; that he was now able to repay what his
+    lordship had advanced, and begged he would accept of it. The earl was
+    pleased with the generous gratitude and genteel offer of the man; but
+    refused it. Mr. Boyd also told us, Cumming the Quaker first began to
+    distinguish himself by writing against Dr. Leechman on Prayer<a href="#note-309">[309]</a>, to
+    prove it unnecessary, as GOD knows best what should be, and will order
+    it without our asking:&mdash;the old hackneyed objection.
+</p>
+<p>
+    When we returned to the house we found coffee and tea in the
+    drawing-room. Lady Errol was not there, being, as I supposed, engaged
+    with her young family. There is a bow-window fronting the sea. Dr.
+    Johnson repeated the ode, <i>Jam satis terris</i><a href="#note-310">[310]</a>, while Mr. Boyd was
+    with his patients. He spoke well in favour of entails<a href="#note-311">[311]</a>, to preserve
+    lines of men whom mankind are accustomed to reverence. His opinion was
+    that so much land should be entailed as that families should never fall
+    into contempt, and as much left free as to give them all the advantages
+    of property in case of any emergency. 'If (said he,) the nobility are
+    suffered to sink into indigence<a href="#note-312">[312]</a>, they of course become corrupt;
+    they are ready to do whatever the king chooses; therefore it is fit they
+    should be kept from becoming poor, unless it is fixed that when they
+    fall below a certain standard of wealth they shall lose their
+    peerages<a href="#note-313">[313]</a>. We know the House of Peers have made noble stands, when
+    the House of Commons durst not. The two last years of parliament they
+    dare not contradict the populace<a href="#note-314">[314]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    This room is ornamented with a number of fine prints, and with a whole
+    length picture of Lord Errol, by Sir Joshua Reynolds. This led Dr.
+    Johnson and me to talk of our amiable and elegant friend, whose
+    panegyrick he concluded by saying, 'Sir Joshua Reynolds, Sir, is the
+    most invulnerable man I know; the man with whom if you should quarrel,
+    you would find the most difficulty how to abuse<a href="#note-315">[315]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson observed, the situation here was the noblest he had ever
+    seen,&mdash;better than Mount Edgecumbe, reckoned the first in England;
+    because, at Mount Edgecumbe<a href="#note-316">[316]</a>, the sea is bounded by land on the
+    other side, and though there is there the grandeur of a fleet, there is
+    also the impression of there being a dock-yard, the circumstances of
+    which are not agreeable. At Slains is an excellent old house. The noble
+    owner has built of brick, along the square in the inside, a gallery,
+    both on the first and second story, the house being no higher; so that
+    he has always a dry walk, and the rooms, to which formerly there was no
+    approach but through each other, have now all separate entries from the
+    gallery, which is hung with Hogarth's works, and other prints. We went
+    and sat a while in the library. There is a valuable numerous
+    collection. It was chiefly made by Mr. Falconer, husband to the late
+    Countess of Errol in her own right. This earl has added a good many
+    modern books.
+</p>
+<p>
+    About nine the Earl came home. Captain Gordon of Park was with him. His
+    Lordship put Dr. Johnson in mind of their having dined together in
+    London, along with Mr. Beauclerk. I was exceedingly pleased with Lord
+    Errol. His dignified person and agreeable countenance, with the most
+    unaffected affability, give me high satisfaction. From perhaps a
+    weakness, or, as I rather hope, more fancy and warmth of feeling than is
+    quite reasonable, my mind is ever impressed with admiration for persons
+    of high birth, and I could, with the most perfect honesty, expatiate on
+    Lord Errol's good qualities; but he stands in no need of my praise. His
+    agreeable manners and softness of address prevented that constraint
+    which the idea of his being Lord High Constable of Scotland<a href="#note-317">[317]</a> might
+    otherwise have occasioned. He talked very easily and sensibly with his
+    learned guest. I observed that Dr. Johnson, though he shewed that
+    respect to his lordship, which, from principle, he always does to high
+    rank, yet, when they came to argument, maintained that manliness which
+    becomes the force and vigour of his understanding. To shew external
+    deference to our superiors, is proper: to seem to yield to them in
+    opinion, is meanness<a href="#note-318">[318]</a>. The earl said grace, both before and after
+    supper, with much decency. He told us a story of a man who was executed
+    at Perth, some years ago, for murdering a woman who was with child by
+    him, and a former child he had by her. His hand was cut off: he was then
+    pulled up; but the rope broke, and he was forced to lie an hour on the
+    ground, till another rope was brought from Perth, the execution being in
+    a wood at some distance,&mdash;at the place where the murders were committed.
+    <i>'There</i>,(said my lord,) <i>I see the hand of Providence</i>.' I was really
+    happy here. I saw in this nobleman the best dispositions and best
+    principles; and I saw him, <i>in my mind's eye</i><a href="#note-319">[319]</a>, to be the
+    representative of the ancient Boyds of Kilmarnock. I was afraid he might
+    have urged drinking, as, I believe, he used formerly to do; but he drank
+    port and water out of a large glass himself, and let us do as we
+    pleased<a href="#note-320">[320]</a>. He went with us to our rooms at night; said, he took the
+    visit very kindly; and told me, my father and he were very old
+    acquaintance;&mdash;that I now knew the way to Slains, and he hoped to see me
+    there again.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I had a most elegant room; but there was a fire in it which blazed; and
+    the sea, to which my windows looked, roared; and the pillows were made
+    of the feathers of some sea-fowl, which had to me a disagreeable smell;
+    so that, by all these causes, I was kept awake a good while. I saw, in
+    imagination, Lord Errol's father, Lord Kilmarnock<a href="#note-321">[321]</a> (who was beheaded
+    on Tower-hill in 1746), and I was somewhat dreary. But the thought did
+    not last long, and I fell asleep.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_18"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 25.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    We got up between seven and eight, and found Mr. Boyd in the
+    dining-room, with tea and coffee before him, to give us breakfast. We
+    were in an admirable humour. Lady Errol had given each of us a copy of
+    an ode by Beattie, on the birth of her son, Lord Hay. Mr. Boyd asked Dr.
+    Johnson how he liked it. Dr. Johnson, who did not admire it, got off
+    very well, by taking it out, and reading the second and third stanzas of
+    it with much melody. This, without his saying a word, pleased Mr. Boyd.
+    He observed, however, to Dr. Johnson, that the expression as to the
+    family of Errol,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'A thousand years have seen it shine,'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    compared with what went before, was an anticlimax, and that it would
+    have been better
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Ages have seen,' &amp;c.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson said, 'So great a number as a thousand is better. <i>Dolus
+    latet in universalibus</i>. Ages might be only two ages.' He talked of the
+    advantage of keeping up the connections of relationship, which produce
+    much kindness. 'Every man (said he,) who comes into the world, has need
+    of friends. If he has to get them for himself, half his life is spent
+    before his merit is known. Relations are a man's ready friends who
+    support him. When a man is in real distress, he flies into the arms of
+    his relations. An old lawyer, who had much experience in making wills,
+    told me, that after people had deliberated long, and thought of many for
+    their executors, they settled at last by fixing on their relations. This
+    shews the universality of the principle.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I regretted the decay of respect for men of family, and that a Nabob now
+    would carry an election from them. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, the Nabob will
+    carry it by means of his wealth, in a country where money is highly
+    valued, as it must be where nothing can be had without money; but, if it
+    comes to personal preference, the man of family will always carry
+    it<a href="#note-322">[322]</a>. There is generally a <i>scoundrelism</i> about a low man[323].' Mr.
+    Boyd said, that was a good <i>ism</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I said, I believed mankind were happier in the ancient feudal state<a href="#note-324">[324]</a>
+    of subordination, than they are in the modern state of independency.
+    JOHNSON. 'To be sure, the <i>Chief</i> was: but we must think of the number
+    of individuals. That <i>they</i> were less happy, seems plain; for that state
+    from which all escape as soon as they can, and to which none return
+    after they have left it, must be less happy; and this is the case with
+    the state of dependance on a chief or great man.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I mentioned the happiness of the French in their subordination, by the
+    reciprocal benevolence and attachment between the great and those in
+    lower rank<a href="#note-325">[325]</a>. Mr. Boyd gave us an instance of their gentlemanly
+    spirit. An old Chevalier de Malthe, of ancient <i>noblesse</i>, but in low
+    circumstances, was in a coffee-house at Paris, where was Julien, the
+    great manufacturer at the Gobelins, of the fine tapestry, so much
+    distinguished both for the figures and the <i>colours</i>. The chevalier's
+    carriage was very old. Says Julien, with a plebeian insolence, 'I think,
+    Sir, you had better have your carriage new painted.' The chevalier
+    looked at him with indignant contempt, and answered, 'Well, Sir, you may
+    take it home and <i>dye</i> it!' All the coffee-house rejoiced at Julien's
+    confusion.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We set out about nine. Dr. Johnson was curious to see one of those
+    structures which northern antiquarians call a Druid's temple. I had a
+    recollection of one at Strichen; which I had seen fifteen years ago; so
+    we went four miles out of our road, after passing Old Deer, and went
+    thither. Mr. Fraser, the proprietor, was at home, and shewed it to us.
+    But I had augmented it in my mind; for all that remains is two stones
+    set up on end, with a long one laid upon them, as was usual, and one
+    stone at a little distance from them. That stone was the capital one of
+    the circle which surrounded what now remains. Mr. Fraser was very
+    hospitable<a href="#note-326">[326]</a>. There was a fair at Strichen; and he had several of his
+    neighbours from it at dinner. One of them, Dr. Fraser, who had been in
+    the army, remembered to have seen Dr. Johnson at a lecture on
+    experimental philosophy, at Lichfield. The doctor recollected being at
+    the lecture; and he was surprised to find here somebody who knew him.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Fraser sent a servant to conduct us by a short passage into the
+    high-road. I observed to Dr. Johnson, that I had a most disagreeable
+    notion of the life of country gentlemen; that I left Mr. Fraser just
+    now, as one leaves a prisoner in a jail. Dr. Johnson said, that I was
+    right in thinking them unhappy; for that they had not enough to keep
+    their minds in motion<a href="#note-327">[327]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I started a thought this afternoon which amused us a great part of the
+    way. 'If, (said I,) our club should come and set up in St. Andrews, as a
+    college, to teach all that each of us can, in the several departments of
+    learning and taste, we should rebuild the city: we should draw a
+    wonderful concourse of students.' Dr. Johnson entered fully into the
+    spirit of this project. We immediately fell to distributing the offices.
+    I was to teach Civil and Scotch law<a href="#note-328">[328]</a>; Burke, politicks and
+    eloquence; Garrick, the art of publick speaking; Langton was to be our
+    Grecian<a href="#note-329">[329]</a>, Colman our Latin professor[330]; Nugent to teach
+    physick<a href="#note-331">[331]</a>; Lord Charlemont, modern history[332]; Beauclerk, natural
+    philosophy<a href="#note-333">[333]</a>; Vesey, Irish antiquities, or Celtick learning[334];
+    Jones, Oriental learning<a href="#note-335">[335]</a>; Goldsmith, poetry and ancient history;
+    Chamier, commercial politicks<a href="#note-336">[336]</a>; Reynolds, painting, and the arts
+    which have beauty for their object; Chambers, the law of England<a href="#note-337">[337]</a>.
+    Dr. Johnson at first said, 'I'll trust theology to nobody but myself.'
+    But, upon due consideration, that Percy is a clergyman, it was agreed
+    that Percy should teach practical divinity and British antiquities; Dr.
+    Johnson himself, logick, metaphysicks<a href="#note-338">[338]</a>, and scholastick divinity. In
+    this manner did we amuse ourselves;&mdash;each suggesting, and each varying
+    or adding, till the whole was adjusted. Dr. Johnson said, we only wanted
+    a mathematician since Dyer<a href="#note-339">[339]</a> died, who was a very good one; but as to
+    every thing else, we should have a very capital university<a href="#note-340">[340]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We got at night to Banff. I sent Joseph on to Duff-house; but Earl Fife
+    was not at home, which I regretted much, as we should have had a very
+    elegant reception from his lordship. We found here but an indifferent
+    inn<a href="#note-341">[341]</a>. Dr. Johnson wrote a long letter to Mrs. Thrale. I wondered to
+    see him write so much so easily. He verified his own doctrine that 'a
+    man may always write when he will set himself <i>doggedly</i> to it<a href="#note-342">[342]</a>.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_19"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THURSDAY, AUGUST 26.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    We got a fresh chaise here, a very good one, and very good horses. We
+    breakfasted at Cullen. They set down dried haddocks broiled, along with
+    our tea. I ate one; but Dr. Johnson was disgusted by the sight of them,
+    so they were removed<a href="#note-343">[343]</a>. Cullen has a comfortable appearance, though
+    but a very small town, and the houses mostly poor buildings.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I called on Mr. Robertson, who has the charge of Lord Findlater's
+    affairs, and was formerly Lord Monboddo's clerk, was three times in
+    France with him, and translated Condamine's <i>Account of the Savage
+    Girl</i>, to which his lordship wrote a preface, containing several remarks
+    of his own. Robertson said, he did not believe so much as his lordship
+    did; that it was plain to him, the girl confounded what she imagined
+    with what she remembered: that, besides, she perceived Condamine and
+    Lord Monboddo forming theories, and she adapted her story to them.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson said, 'It is a pity to see Lord Monboddo publish such
+    notions as he has done; a man of sense, and of so much elegant learning.
+    There would be little in a fool doing it; we should only laugh; but when
+    a wise man does it, we are sorry. Other people have strange notions; but
+    they conceal them. If they have tails, they hide them; but Monboddo is
+    as jealous of his tail as a squirrel.' I shall here put down some more
+    remarks of Dr. Johnson's on Lord Monboddo, which were not made exactly
+    at this time, but come in well from connection. He said, he did not
+    approve of a judge's calling himself <i>Farmer</i> Burnett<a href="#note-344">[344]</a>, and going
+    about with a little round hat<a href="#note-345">[345]</a>. He laughed heartily at his
+    lordship's saying he was an <i>enthusiastical</i> farmer; 'for, (said he,)
+    what can he do in farming by his <i>enthusiasm</i>?' Here, however, I think
+    Dr. Johnson mistaken. He who wishes to be successful, or happy, ought to
+    be enthusiastical, that is to say, very keen in all the occupations or
+    diversions of life. An ordinary gentleman-farmer will be satisfied with
+    looking at his fields once or twice a day: an enthusiastical farmer will
+    be constantly employed on them; will have his mind earnestly engaged;
+    will talk perpetually, of them. But Dr. Johnson has much of the <i>nil
+    admirari</i><a href="#note-346">[346]</a> in smaller concerns. That survey of life which gave birth
+    to his <i>Vanity of Human Wishes</i> early sobered his mind. Besides, so
+    great a mind as his cannot be moved by inferior objects: an elephant
+    does not run and skip like lesser animals.  Mr. Robertson sent a
+    servant with us, to shew us through Lord Findlater's wood, by which our
+    way was shortened, and we saw some part of his domain, which is indeed
+    admirably laid out. Dr. Johnson did not choose to walk through it. He
+    always said, that he was not come to Scotland to see fine places, of
+    which there were enough in England; but wild objects,&mdash;mountains,
+    &mdash;waterfalls,&mdash;peculiar manners; in short, things which he had not seen
+    before. I have a notion that he at no time has had much taste for rural
+    beauties. I have myself very little<a href="#note-347">[347]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson said, there was nothing more contemptible than a country
+    gentleman living beyond his income, and every year growing poorer and
+    poorer<a href="#note-348">[348]</a>. He spoke strongly of the influence which a man has by being
+    rich. 'A man, (said he,) who keeps his money, has in reality more use
+    from it, than he can have by spending it.' I observed that this looked
+    very like a paradox; but he explained it thus: 'If it were certain that
+    a man would keep his money locked up for ever, to be sure he would have
+    no influence; but, as so many want money, and he has the power of giving
+    it, and they know not but by gaining his favour they may obtain it, the
+    rich man will always have the greatest influence. He again who lavishes
+    his money, is laughed at as foolish, and in a great degree with justice,
+    considering how much is spent from vanity. Even those who partake of a
+    man's hospitality, have but a transient kindness for him. If he has not
+    the command of money, people know he cannot help them, if he would;
+    whereas the rich man always can, if he will, and for the chance of that,
+    will have much weight.' BOSWELL. 'But philosophers and satirists have
+    all treated a miser as contemptible.' JOHNSON. 'He is so
+    philosophically; but not in the practice of life<a href="#note-349">[349]</a>.' BOSWELL. 'Let me
+    see now:&mdash;I do not know the instances of misers in England, so as to
+    examine into their influence.' JOHNSON. 'We have had few misers in
+    England.' BOSWELL. 'There was Lowther<a href="#note-350">[350]</a>.' JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir,
+    Lowther, by keeping his money, had the command of the county, which the
+    family has now lost, by spending it<a href="#note-351">[351]</a>; I take it he lent a great
+    deal; and that is the way to have influence, and yet preserve one's
+    wealth. A man may lend his money upon very good security, and yet have
+    his debtor much under his power.' BOSWELL. 'No doubt, Sir. He can always
+    distress him for the money; as no man borrows, who is able to pay on
+    demand quite conveniently.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We dined at Elgin, and saw the noble ruins of the cathedral. Though it
+    rained much, Dr. Johnson examined them with a most patient attention.
+    He could not here feel any abhorrence at the Scottish reformers<a href="#note-352">[352]</a>,
+    for he had been told by Lord Hailes, that it was destroyed before the
+    Reformation, by the Lord of Badenoch<a href="#note-353">[353]</a>, who had a quarrel with the
+    bishop. The bishop's house, and those of the other clergy, which are
+    still pretty entire, do not seem to have been proportioned to the
+    magnificence of the cathedral, which has been of great extent, and had
+    very fine carved work. The ground within the walls of the cathedral is
+    employed as a burying-place. The family of Gordon have their vault here;
+    but it has nothing grand.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We passed Gordon Castle<a href="#note-354">[354]</a> this forenoon, which has a princely
+    appearance. Fochabers, the neighbouring village, is a poor place, many
+    of the houses being ruinous; but it is remarkable, they have in general
+    orchards well stored with apple-trees<a href="#note-355">[355]</a>. Elgin has what in England
+    are called piazzas, that run in many places on each side of the street.
+    It must have been a much better place formerly. Probably it had piazzas
+    all along the town, as I have seen at Bologna. I approved much of such
+    structures in a town, on account of their conveniency in wet weather.
+    Dr. Johnson disapproved of them, 'because (said he) it makes the under
+    story of a house very dark, which greatly over-balances the conveniency,
+    when it is considered how small a part of the year it rains; how few are
+    usually in the street at such times; that many who are might as well be
+    at home; and the little that people suffer, supposing them to be as much
+    wet as they commonly are in walking a street.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We fared but ill at our inn here; and Dr. Johnson said, this was the
+    first time he had seen a dinner in Scotland that he could not eat<a href="#note-356">[356]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the afternoon, we drove over the very heath where Macbeth met the
+    witches, according to tradition<a href="#note-357">[357]</a>. Dr. Johnson again[358] solemnly
+    repeated&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'How far is't called to Fores? What are these,
+      So wither'd, and so wild in their attire?
+      That look not like the inhabitants o' the earth,
+      And yet are on't?'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    He repeated a good deal more of Macbeth. His recitation<a href="#note-359">[359]</a> was grand
+    and affecting, and as Sir Joshua Reynolds has observed to me, had no
+    more tone than it should have: it was the better for it. He then
+    parodied the <i>All-hail</i> of the witches to Macbeth, addressing himself to
+    me. I had purchased some land called <i>Dalblair</i>; and, as in Scotland it
+    is customary to distinguish landed men by the name of their estates, I
+    had thus two titles, <i>Dalblair</i> and Young <i>Auchinleck</i>. So my friend, in
+    imitation of
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'All hail, Macbeth! hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor!'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    condescended to amuse himself with uttering
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'All hail, Dalblair! hail to thee, Laird of Auchinleck<a href="#note-360">[360]</a>!'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    We got to Fores<a href="#note-361">[361]</a> at night, and found an admirable inn, in which Dr.
+    Johnson was pleased to meet with a landlord who styled himself
+    'Wine-Cooper, from LONDON.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_20"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    FRIDAY, AUGUST 27.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    It was dark when we came to Fores last night; so we did not see what is
+    called King Duncan's monument<a href="#note-362">[362]</a>. I shall now mark some gleanings of
+    Dr. Johnson's conversation. I spoke of <i>Leonidas</i><a href="#note-363">[363]</a>, and said there
+    were some good passages in it. JOHNSON. 'Why, you must <i>seek</i> for them.'
+    He said, Paul Whitehead's <i>Manners</i><a href="#note-364">[364]</a> was a poor performance.
+    Speaking of Derrick, he told me 'he had a kindness for him, and had
+    often said, that if his letters had been written by one of a more
+    established name, they would have been thought very pretty
+    letters<a href="#note-365">[365]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    This morning I introduced the subject of the origin of evil<a href="#note-366">[366]</a>.
+    JOHNSON. 'Moral evil is occasioned by free will, which implies choice
+    between good and evil. With all the evil that there is, there is no man
+    but would rather be a free agent, than a mere machine without the evil;
+    and what is best for each individual, must be best for the whole. If a
+    man would rather be the machine, I cannot argue with him. He is a
+    different being from me.' BOSWELL. 'A man, as a machine, may have
+    agreeable sensations; for instance, he may have pleasure in musick.'
+    JOHNSON. 'No, Sir, he cannot have pleasure in musick; at least no power
+    of producing musick; for he who can produce musick may let it alone: he
+    who can play upon a fiddle may break it: such a man is not a machine.'
+    This reasoning satisfied me. It is certain, there cannot be a free
+    agent, unless there is the power of being evil as well as good. We must
+    take the inherent possibilities of things into consideration, in our
+    reasonings or conjectures concerning the works of GOD.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We came to Nairn to breakfast. Though a county town and a royal burgh,
+    it is a miserable place. Over the room where we sat, a girl was spinning
+    wool with a great wheel, and singing an Erse song<a href="#note-367">[367]</a>: 'I'll warrant
+    you, (said Dr. Johnson.) one of the songs of Ossian.' He then repeated
+    these lines:&mdash;-
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Verse sweetens toil, however rude the sound.
+        All at her work the village maiden sings;
+      Nor while she turns the giddy wheel around,
+        Revolves the sad vicissitude of things<a href="#note-368">[368]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    I thought I had heard these lines before. JOHNSON. 'I fancy not, Sir;
+    for they are in a detached poem, the name of which I do not remember,
+    written by one Giffard, a parson.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I expected Mr. Kenneth M'Aulay<a href="#note-369">[369]</a>, the minister of Calder, who
+    published the history of St. Kilda<a href="#note-370">[370]</a>, a book which Dr. Johnson liked,
+    would have met us here, as I had written to him from Aberdeen. But I
+    received a letter from him, telling me that he could not leave home, as
+    he was to administer the sacrament the following Sunday, and earnestly
+    requesting to see us at his manse. 'We'll go,' said Dr. Johnson; which
+    we accordingly did. Mrs. M'Aulay received us, and told us her husband
+    was in the church distributing tokens<a href="#note-371">[371]</a>. We arrived between twelve
+    and one o'clock, and it was near three before he came to us.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson thanked him for his book, and said 'it was a very pretty
+    piece of topography.' M'Aulay did not seem much to mind the compliment.
+    From his conversation, Dr. Johnson was persuaded that he had not written
+    the book which goes under his name. I myself always suspected so; and I
+    have been told it was written by the learned Dr. John M'Pherson of
+    Sky<a href="#note-372">[372]</a>, from the materials collected by M'Aulay. Dr. Johnson said
+    privately to me, 'There is a combination in it of which M'Aulay is not
+    capable<a href="#note-373">[373]</a>.' However, he was exceedingly hospitable; and, as he
+    obligingly promised us a route for our Tour through the Western Isles,
+    we agreed to stay with him all night.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After dinner, we walked to the old castle of Calder (pronounced Cawder),
+    the Thane of Cawdor's seat. I was sorry that my friend, this 'prosperous
+    gentleman<a href="#note-374">[374]</a>,' was not there. The old tower must be of great
+    antiquity<a href="#note-375">[375]</a>. There is a draw-bridge&mdash;what has been a moat,&mdash;and an
+    ancient court. There is a hawthorn-tree, which rises like a wooden
+    pillar through the rooms of the castle; for, by a strange conceit, the
+    walls have been built round it. The thickness of the walls, the small
+    slaunting windows, and a great iron door at the entrance on the second
+    story as you ascend the stairs, all indicate the rude times in which
+    this castle was erected. There were here some large venerable trees.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I was afraid of a quarrel between Dr. Johnson and Mr. M'Aulay, who
+    talked slightingly of the lower English clergy. The Doctor gave him a
+    frowning look, and said, 'This is a day of novelties; I have seen old
+    trees in Scotland, and I have heard the English clergy treated with
+    disrespect<a href="#note-376">[376]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I dreaded that a whole evening at Calder manse would be heavy; however,
+    Mr. Grant, an intelligent and well-bred minister in the neighbourhood,
+    was there, and assisted us by his conversation. Dr. Johnson, talking of
+    hereditary occupations in the Highlands, said, 'There is no harm in such
+    a custom as this; but it is wrong to enforce it, and oblige a man to be
+    a taylor or a smith, because his father has been one.' This custom,
+    however, is not peculiar to our Highlands; it is well known that in
+    India a similar practice prevails.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. M'Aulay began a rhapsody against creeds and confessions. Dr. Johnson
+    shewed, that 'what he called <i>imposition</i>, was only a voluntary
+    declaration of agreement in certain articles of faith, which a church
+    has a right to require, just as any other society can insist on certain
+    rules being observed by its members. Nobody is compelled to be of the
+    church, as nobody is compelled to enter into a society.' This was a very
+    clear and just view of the subject: but, M'Aulay could not be driven out
+    of his track. Dr. Johnson said, 'Sir, you are a <i>bigot to laxness</i>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. M'Aulay and I laid the map of Scotland before us; and he pointed out
+    a route for us from Inverness, by Fort Augustus, to Glenelg, Sky, Mull,
+    Icolmkill, Lorn, and Inverary, which I wrote down. As my father was to
+    begin the northern circuit about the 18th of September, it was necessary
+    for us either to make our tour with great expedition, so as to get to
+    Auchinleck before he set out, or to protract it, so as not to be there
+    till his return, which would be about the 10th of October. By M'Aulay's
+    calculation, we were not to land in Lorn till the 2Oth of September. I
+    thought that the interruptions by bad days, or by occasional
+    excursions, might make it ten days later; and I thought too, that we
+    might perhaps go to Benbecula, and visit Clanranald, which would take a
+    week of itself.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson went up with Mr. Grant to the library, which consisted of a
+    tolerable collection; but the Doctor thought it rather a lady's library,
+    with some Latin books in it by chance, than the library of a clergyman.
+    It had only two of the Latin fathers, and one of the Greek fathers in
+    Latin. I doubted whether Dr. Johnson would be present at a Presbyterian
+    prayer. I told Mr. M'Aulay so, and said that the Doctor might sit in the
+    library while we were at family worship. Mr. M'Aulay said, he would omit
+    it, rather than give Dr. Johnson offence: but I would by no means agree
+    that an excess of politeness, even to so great a man, should prevent
+    what I esteem as one of the best pious regulations. I know nothing more
+    beneficial, more comfortable, more agreeable, than that the little
+    societies of each family should regularly assemble, and unite in praise
+    and prayer to our heavenly Father, from whom we daily receive so much
+    good, and may hope for more in a higher state of existence. I mentioned
+    to Dr. Johnson the over-delicate scrupulosity of our host. He said, he
+    had no objection to hear the prayer. This was a pleasing surprise to me;
+    for he refused to go and hear Principal Robertson<a href="#note-377">[377]</a> preach. 'I will
+    hear him, (said he,) if he will get up into a tree and preach; but I
+    will not give a sanction, by my presence, to a Presbyterian
+    assembly<a href="#note-378">[378]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Grant having prayed, Dr. Johnson said, his prayer was a very good
+    one; but objected to his not having introduced the Lord's Prayer<a href="#note-379">[379]</a>.
+    He told us, that an Italian of some note in London said once to him, 'We
+    have in our service a prayer called the <i>Pater Noster</i>, which is a very
+    fine composition. I wonder who is the author of it.' A singular instance
+    of ignorance in a man of some literature and general inquiry<a href="#note-380">[380]</a>!
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_21"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SATURDAY, AUGUST 28.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson had brought a <i>Sallust</i> with him in his pocket from
+    Edinburgh. He gave it last night to Mr. M'Aulay's son, a smart young lad
+    about eleven years old. Dr. Johnson had given an account of the
+    education at Oxford, in all its gradations. The advantage of being a
+    servitor to a youth of little fortune struck Mrs. M'Aulay much<a href="#note-381">[381]</a>. I
+    observed it aloud. Dr. Johnson very handsomely and kindly said, that, if
+    they would send their boy to him, when he was ready for the university,
+    he would get him made a servitor, and perhaps would do more for him. He
+    could not promise to do more; but would undertake for the
+    servitorship<a href="#note-382">[382]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I should have mentioned that Mr. White, a Welshman, who has been many
+    years factor (i.e. steward) on the estate of Calder, drank tea with us
+    last night, and upon getting a note from Mr. M'Aulay, asked us to his
+    house. We had not time to accept of his invitation. He gave us a letter
+    of introduction to Mr. Ferne, master of stores at Fort George. He shewed
+    it to me. It recommended 'two celebrated gentlemen; no less than Dr.
+    Johnson, <i>author of his Dictionary</i>,&mdash;and Mr. Boswell, known at
+    Edinburgh by the name of Paoli.' He said he hoped I had no objection to
+    what he had written; if I had, he would alter it. I thought it was a
+    pity to check his effusions, and acquiesced; taking care, however, to
+    seal the letter, that it might not appear that I had read it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    A conversation took place about saying grace at breakfast (as we do in
+    Scotland) as well as at dinner and supper; in which Dr. Johnson said,
+    'It is enough if we have stated seasons of prayer; no matter when<a href="#note-383">[383]</a>.
+    A man may as well pray when he mounts his horse, or a woman when she
+    milks her cow, (which Mr. Grant told us is done in the Highlands,) as at
+    meals; and custom is to be followed<a href="#note-384">[384]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We proceeded to Fort George. When we came into the square, I sent a
+    soldier with the letter to Mr. Ferne. He came to us immediately, and
+    along with him came Major <i>Brewse</i> of the Engineers, pronounced <i>Bruce</i>.
+    He said he believed it was originally the same Norman name with Bruce.
+    That he had dined at a house in London, where were three Bruces, one of
+    the Irish line, one of the Scottish line, and himself of the English
+    line. He said he was shewn it in the Herald's office spelt fourteen
+    different ways<a href="#note-385">[385]</a>. I told him the different spellings of my name[386].
+    Dr Johnson observed, that there had been great disputes about the
+    spelling of Shakspear's name; at last it was thought it would be settled
+    by looking at the original copy of his will; but, upon examining it, he
+    was found to have written it himself no less than three different ways.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Ferne and Major Brewse first carried us to wait on Sir Eyre
+    Coote<a href="#note-387">[387]</a>, whose regiment, the 37th, was lying here, and who then
+    commanded the fort. He asked us to dine with him, which we agreed to do.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Before dinner we examined the fort. The Major explained the
+    fortification to us, and Mr. Ferne gave us an account of the stores. Dr.
+    Johnson talked of the proportions of charcoal and salt-petre in making
+    gunpowder, of granulating it, and of giving it a gloss<a href="#note-388">[388]</a>. He made a
+    very good figure upon these topicks. He said to me afterwards, that 'he
+    had talked <i>ostentatiously</i><a href="#note-389">[389]</a>.' We reposed ourselves a little in Mr.
+    Ferne's house. He had every thing in neat order as in England; and a
+    tolerable collection of books. I looked into Pennant's <i>Tour in
+    Scotland</i>. He says little of this fort; but that 'the barracks, &amp;c. form
+    several streets<a href="#note-390">[390]</a>.' This is aggrandising. Mr. Ferne observed, if he
+    had said they form a square, with a row of buildings before it, he would
+    have given a juster description. Dr. Johnson remarked, 'how seldom
+    descriptions correspond with realities; and the reason is, that people
+    do not write them till some time after, and then their imagination has
+    added circumstances.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We talked of Sir Adolphus Oughton<a href="#note-391">[391]</a>. The Major said, he knew a great
+    deal for a military man. JOHNSON. 'Sir, you will find few men, of any
+    profession, who know more. Sir Adolphus is a very extraordinary man; a
+    man of boundless curiosity and unwearied diligence.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I know not how the Major contrived to introduce the contest between
+    Warburton and Lowth. JOHNSON. 'Warburton kept his temper all along,
+    while Lowth was in a passion. Lowth published some of Warburton's
+    letters. Warburton drew <i>him</i> on to write some very abusive letters, and
+    then asked his leave to publish them; which he knew Lowth could not
+    refuse, after what <i>he</i> had done. So that Warburton contrived that he
+    should publish, apparently with Lowth's consent, what could not but shew
+    Lowth in a disadvantageous light<a href="#note-392">[392]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    At three the drum beat for dinner. I, for a little while, fancied myself
+    a military man, and it pleased me. We went to Sir Eyre Coote's, at the
+    governour's house, and found him a most gentleman-like man. His lady is
+    a very agreeable woman, with an uncommonly mild and sweet tone of voice.
+    There was a pretty large company: Mr. Ferne, Major Brewse, and several
+    officers. Sir Eyre had come from the East-Indies by land, through the
+    Desarts of Arabia. He told us, the Arabs could live five days without
+    victuals, and subsist for three weeks on nothing else but the blood of
+    their camels, who could lose so much of it as would suffice for that
+    time, without being exhausted. He highly praised the virtue of the
+    Arabs; their fidelity, if they undertook to conduct any person; and
+    said, they would sacrifice their lives rather than let him be robbed.
+    Dr. Johnson, who is always for maintaining the superiority of civilized
+    over uncivilized men<a href="#note-393">[393]</a>, said, 'Why, Sir, I can see no superiour
+    virtue in this. A serjeant and twelve men, who are my guard, will die,
+    rather than that I shall be robbed.' Colonel Pennington, of the 37th
+    regiment, took up the argument with a good deal of spirit and
+    ingenuity. PENNINGTON. 'But the soldiers are compelled to this by fear
+    of punishment. 'JOHNSON. 'Well, Sir, the Arabs are compelled by the fear
+    of infamy.' PENNINGTON. 'The soldiers have the same fear of infamy, and
+    the fear of punishment besides; so have less virtue; because they act
+    less voluntarily.' Lady Coote observed very well, that it ought to be
+    known if there was not, among the Arabs, some punishment for not being
+    faithful on such occasions.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We talked of the stage. I observed, that we had not now such a company
+    of actors as in the last age; Wilks<a href="#note-394">[394]</a>, Booth[395], &amp;c. &amp;c. JOHNSON.
+    'You think so, because there is one who excels all the rest so much: you
+    compare them with Garrick, and see the deficiency. Garrick's great
+    distinction is his universality<a href="#note-396">[396]</a>. He can represent all modes of
+    life, but that of an easy fine bred gentleman<a href="#note-397">[397]</a>.' PENNINGTON. 'He
+    should give over playing young parts.' JOHNSON. 'He does not take them
+    now; but he does not leave off those which he has been used to play,
+    because he does them better than any one else can do them. If you had
+    generations of actors, if they swarmed like bees, the young ones might
+    drive off the old. Mrs. Cibber<a href="#note-398">[398]</a>, I think, got more reputation than
+    she deserved, as she had a great sameness; though her expression was
+    undoubtedly very fine. Mrs. Clive<a href="#note-399">[399]</a> was the best player I ever saw.
+    Mrs. Prichard<a href="#note-400">[400]</a> was a very good one; but she had something affected
+    in her manner: I imagine she had some player of the former age in her
+    eye, which occasioned it.'  Colonel Pennington said, Garrick sometimes
+    failed in emphasis<a href="#note-401">[401]</a>; as for instance, in <i>Hamlet</i>,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'I will speak <i>daggers</i> to her; but use <i>none</i><a href="#note-402">[402]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    instead of
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'I will <i>speak</i> daggers to her; but <i>use</i> none.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    We had a dinner of two complete courses, variety of wines, and the
+    regimental band of musick playing in the square, before the windows,
+    after it. I enjoyed this day much. We were quite easy and cheerful. Dr.
+    Johnson said, 'I shall always remember this fort with gratitude.' I
+    could not help being struck with some admiration, at finding upon this
+    barren sandy point, such buildings,&mdash;such a dinner,&mdash;such company: it
+    was like enchantment. Dr. Johnson, on the other hand, said to me more
+    rationally, that 'it did not strike <i>him</i> as any thing extraordinary;
+    because he knew, here was a large sum of money expended in building a
+    fort; here was a regiment. If there had been less than what we found, it
+    would have surprised him.' <i>He</i> looked coolly and deliberately through
+    all the gradations: my warm imagination jumped from the barren sands to
+    the splendid dinner and brilliant company, to borrow the expression of
+    an absurd poet,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+                         'Without ands or ifs,
+     I leapt from off the sands upon the cliffs.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    The whole scene gave me a strong impression of the power and excellence
+    of human art.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We left the fort between six and seven o'clock: Sir Eyre Coote, Colonel
+    Pennington, and several more accompanied us down stairs, and saw us into
+    our chaise. There could not be greater attention paid to any visitors.
+    Sir Eyre spoke of the hardships which Dr. Johnson had before him.
+    BOSWELL. 'Considering what he has said of us, we must make him feel
+    something rough in Scotland.' Sir Eyre said to him, 'You must change
+    your name, Sir.' BOSWELL. 'Ay, to Dr. M'Gregor<a href="#note-403">[403]</a>.'  We got safely to
+    Inverness, and put up at Mackenzie's inn. Mr. Keith, the collector of
+    Excise here, my old acquaintance at Ayr, who had seen us at the Fort,
+    visited us in the evening, and engaged us to dine with him next day,
+    promising to breakfast with us, and take us to the English chapel; so
+    that we were at once commodiously arranged.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Not finding a letter here that I expected, I felt a momentary impatience
+    to be at home. Transient clouds darkened my imagination, and in those
+    clouds I saw events from which I shrunk; but a sentence or two of the
+    <i>Rambler's</i> conversation gave me firmness, and I considered that I was
+    upon an expedition for which I had wished for years, and the
+    recollection of which would be a treasure to me for life.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_22"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SUNDAY, AUGUST 29.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Mr. Keith breakfasted with us. Dr. Johnson expatiated rather too
+    strongly upon the benefits derived to Scotland from the Union<a href="#note-404">[404]</a>, and
+    the bad state of our people before it. I am entertained with his copious
+    exaggeration upon that subject; but I am uneasy when people are by, who
+    do not know him as well as I do, and may be apt to think him
+    narrow-minded<a href="#note-405">[405]</a>. I therefore diverted the subject.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The English chapel, to which we went this morning, was but mean. The
+    altar was a bare fir table, with a coarse stool for kneeling on, covered
+    with a piece of thick sail-cloth doubled, by way of cushion. The
+    congregation was small. Mr. Tait, the clergyman, read prayers very well,
+    though with much of the Scotch accent. He preached on '<i>Love your
+    Enemies</i><a href="#note-406">[406]</a>.' It was remarkable that, when talking of the connections
+    amongst men, he said, that some connected themselves with men of
+    distinguished talents, and since they could not equal them, tried to
+    deck themselves with their merit, by being their companions. The
+    sentence was to this purpose. It had an odd coincidence with what might
+    be said of my connecting myself with Dr. Johnson<a href="#note-407">[407]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After church we walked down to the Quay. We then went to Macbeth's
+    castle<a href="#note-408">[408]</a>. I had a romantick satisfaction in seeing Dr. Johnson
+    actually in it. It perfectly corresponds with Shakspear's description,
+    which Sir Joshua Reynolds has so happily illustrated, in one of his
+    notes on our immortal poet<a href="#note-409">[409]</a>:
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+          'This castle hath a pleasant seat: the air
+          Nimbly and sweetly recommends itself
+          Unto our gentle sense,' &amp;c.<a href="#note-410">[410]</a>
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Just as we came out of it, a raven perched on one of the chimney-tops,
+    and croaked. Then I repeated
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+           '&mdash;&mdash;The raven himself is hoarse,
+           That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan
+           Under my battlements<a href="#note-411">[411]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    We dined at Mr. Keith's. Mrs. Keith was rather too attentive to Dr.
+    Johnson, asking him many questions about his drinking only water. He
+    repressed that observation, by saying to me, 'You may remember that Lady
+    Errol took no notice of this.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson has the happy art (for which I have heard my father praise
+    the old Earl of Aberdeen) of instructing himself, by making every man he
+    meets tell him something of what he knows best. He led Keith to talk to
+    him of the Excise in Scotland, and, in the course of conversation,
+    mentioned that his friend Mr. Thrale, the great brewer, paid twenty
+    thousand pounds a year to the revenue; and that he had four casks, each
+    of which holds sixteen hundred barrels,&mdash;above a thousand hogsheads.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+After this there was little conversation that deserves to be remembered.
+I shall therefore here again glean what I have omitted on former days.
+Dr. Gerrard, at Aberdeen, told us, that when he was in Wales, he was
+shewn a valley inhabited by Danes, who still retain their own language,
+and are quite a distinct people. Dr. Johnson thought it could not be
+true, or all the kingdom must have heard of it. He said to me, as we
+travelled, 'these people, Sir, that Gerrard talks of, may have somewhat
+of a <i>peregrinity</i> in their dialect, which relation has augmented to a
+different language.' I asked him if <i>peregrinity</i> was an English word:
+he laughed, and said, 'No.' I told him this was the second time that I
+had heard him coin a word<a href="#note-412">[412]</a>. When Foote broke his leg, I observed
+that it would make him fitter for taking off George Faulkner as Peter
+Paragraph<a href="#note-413">[413]</a>, poor George having a wooden leg. Dr. Johnson at that
+time said, 'George will rejoice at the <i>depeditation</i> of Foote;' and
+when I challenged that word, laughed, and owned he had made it, and
+added that he had not made above three or four in his <i>Dictionary</i><a href="#note-414">[414]</a>.
+ Having conducted Dr. Johnson to our inn, I begged permission to leave
+him for a little, that I might run about and pay some short visits to
+several good people of Inverness. He said to me 'You have all the
+old-fashioned principles, good and bad' I acknowledge I have. That of
+attention to relations in the remotest degree, or to worthy persons, in
+every state whom I have once known, I inherit from my father. It gave me
+much satisfaction to hear every body at Inverness speak of him with
+uncommon regard. Mr. Keith and Mr. Grant, whom we had seen at Mr.
+M'Aulay's, supped with us at the inn. We had roasted kid, which Dr.
+Johnson had never tasted before. He relished it much.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<a name="2H_4_23"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    MONDAY, AUGUST 30.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    This day we were to begin our <i>equitation,</i> as I said; for <i>I</i> would
+    needs make a word too. It is remarkable, that my noble, and to me most
+    constant friend, the Earl of Pembroke<a href="#note-415">[415]</a>, (who, if there is too much
+    ease on my part, will please to pardon what his benevolent, gay, social
+    intercourse, and lively correspondence have insensibly produced,) has
+    since hit upon the very same word. The title of the first edition of his
+    lordship's very useful book was, in simple terms, <i>A Method of breaking
+    Horses and teaching Soldiers to ride.</i> The title of the second edition
+    is, 'MILITARY EQUITATION<a href="#note-416">[416]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We might have taken a chaise to Fort Augustus, but, had we not hired
+    horses at Inverness, we should not have found them afterwards: so we
+    resolved to begin here to ride. We had three horses, for Dr. Johnson,
+    myself, and Joseph, and one which carried our portmanteaus, and two
+    Highlanders who walked along with us, John Hay and Lauchland Vass, whom
+    Dr. Johnson has remembered with credit in his JOURNEY<a href="#note-417">[417]</a>, though he
+    has omitted their names. Dr. Johnson rode very well.  About three miles
+    beyond Inverness, we saw, just by the road, a very complete specimen of
+    what is called a Druid's temple. There was a double circle, one of very
+    large, the other of smaller stones. Dr. Johnson justly observed, that
+    'to go and see one druidical temple is only to see that it is nothing,
+    for there is neither art nor power in it; and seeing one is
+    quite enough.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    It was a delightful day. Lochness, and the road upon the side of it,
+    shaded with birch trees, and the hills above it, pleased us much. The
+    scene was as sequestered and agreeably wild as could be desired, and for
+    a time engrossed all our attention<a href="#note-418">[418]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    To see Dr. Johnson in any new situation is always an interesting object
+    to me; and, as I saw him now for the first time on horseback, jaunting
+    about at his ease in quest of pleasure and novelty, the very different
+    occupations of his former laborious life, his admirable productions, his
+    <i>London</i>, his <i>Rambler</i>, &amp;c. &amp;c., immediately presented themselves to my
+    mind, and the contrast made a strong impression on my imagination.
+</p>
+<p>
+    When we had advanced a good way by the side of Lochness, I perceived a
+    little hut, with an old-looking woman at the door of it. I thought here
+    might be a scene that would amuse Dr. Johnson; so I mentioned it to him.
+    'Let's go in,' said he. We dismounted, and we and our guides entered the
+    hut. It was a wretched little hovel of earth only, I think, and for a
+    window had only a small hole, which was stopped with a piece of turf,
+    that was taken out occasionally to let in light. In the middle of the
+    room or space which we entered, was a fire of peat, the smoke going out
+    at a hole in the roof. She had a pot upon it, with goat's flesh,
+    boiling. There was at one end under the same roof, but divided by a kind
+    of partition made of wattles, a pen or fold in which we saw a good
+    many kids.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson was curious to know where she slept. I asked one of the
+    guides, who questioned her in Erse. She answered with a tone of emotion,
+    saying, (as he told us,) she was afraid we wanted to go to bed to her.
+    This <i>coquetry</i>, or whatever it may be called, of so wretched a being,
+    was truly ludicrous. Dr. Johnson and I afterwards were merry upon it. I
+    said it was he who alarmed the poor woman's virtue. 'No, Sir, (said he,)
+    she'll say "there came a wicked young fellow, a wild dog, who I believe
+    would have ravished me, had there not been with him a grave old
+    gentleman, who repressed him: but when he gets out of the sight of his
+    tutor, I'll warrant you he'll spare no woman he meets, young or old."'
+    'No, Sir, (I replied,) she'll say, "There was a terrible ruffian who
+    would have forced me, had it not been for a civil decent young man who,
+    I take it, was an angel sent from heaven to protect me."'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson would not hurt her delicacy, by insisting on 'seeing her
+    bed-chamber,' like <i>Archer</i> in the <i>Beaux Stratagem</i><a href="#note-419">[419]</a>. But my
+    curiosity was more ardent; I lighted a piece of paper, and went into the
+    place where the bed was. There was a little partition of wicker, rather
+    more neatly done than that for the fold, and close by the wall was a
+    kind of bedstead of wood with heath upon it by way of bed! at the foot
+    of which I saw some sort of blankets or covering rolled up in a heap.
+    The woman's name was Fraser; so was her husband's. He was a man of
+    eighty. Mr. Fraser of Balnain allows him to live in this hut, and keep
+    sixty goats, for taking care of his woods, where he then was. They had
+    five children, the eldest only thirteen. Two were gone to Inverness to
+    buy meal<a href="#note-420">[420]</a>; the rest were looking after the goats. This contented
+    family had four stacks of barley, twenty-four sheaves in each. They had
+    a few fowls. We were informed that they lived all the spring without
+    meal, upon milk and curds and whey alone. What they get for their goats,
+    kids, and fowls, maintains them during the rest of the year.  She asked
+    us to sit down and take a dram. I saw one chair. She said she was as
+    happy as any woman in Scotland. She could hardly speak any English
+    except a few detached words. Dr. Johnson was pleased at seeing, for the
+    first time, such a state of human life. She asked for snuff. It is her
+    luxury, and she uses a great deal. We had none; but gave her sixpence a
+    piece. She then brought out her whiskey bottle. I tasted it; as did
+    Joseph and our guides, so I gave her sixpence more. She sent us away
+    with many prayers in Erse.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We dined at a publick house called the General's Hut<a href="#note-421">[421]</a>, from General
+    Wade, who was lodged there when he commanded in the North. Near it is
+    the meanest parish <i>Kirk</i> I ever saw. It is a shame it should be on a
+    high road. After dinner, we passed through a good deal of mountainous
+    country. I had known Mr. Trapaud, the deputy governour of Fort Augustus,
+    twelve years ago, at a circuit at Inverness, where my father was judge.
+    I sent forward one of our guides, and Joseph, with a card to him, that
+    he might know Dr. Johnson and I were coming up, leaving it to him to
+    invite us or not<a href="#note-422">[422]</a>. It was dark when we arrived. The inn was
+    wretched. Government ought to build one, or give the resident governour
+    an additional salary; as in the present state of things, he must
+    necessarily be put to a great expence in entertaining travellers. Joseph
+    announced to us, when we alighted, that the governour waited for us at
+    the gate of the fort. We walked to it. He met us, and with much civility
+    conducted us to his house. It was comfortable to find ourselves in a
+    well-built little square, and a neatly furnished house, in good company,
+    and with a good supper before us; in short, with all the conveniences of
+    civilised life in the midst of rude mountains. Mrs. Trapaud, and the
+    governour's daughter, and her husband, Captain Newmarsh, were all most
+    obliging and polite. The governour had excellent animal spirits, the
+    conversation of a soldier, and somewhat of a Frenchman, to which his
+    extraction entitles him. He is brother to General Cyrus Trapaud. We
+    passed a very agreeable evening.<a href="#note-423">[423]</a>
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_24"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    TUESDAY, AUGUST 31.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    The governour has a very good garden. We looked at it, and at the rest
+    of the fort, which is but small, and may be commanded from a variety of
+    hills around. We also looked at the galley or sloop belonging to the
+    fort, which sails upon the Loch, and brings what is wanted for the
+    garrison. Captains Urie and Darippe, of the 15th regiment of foot,
+    breakfasted with us. They had served in America, and entertained Dr.
+    Johnson much with an account of the Indians.<a href="#note-424">[424]</a> He said, he could make
+    a very pretty book out of them, were he to stay there. Governour Trapaud
+    was much struck with Dr. Johnson. 'I like to hear him, (said he,) it is
+    so majestick. I should be glad to hear him speak in your court.' He
+    pressed us to stay dinner; but I considered that we had a rude road
+    before us, which we could more easily encounter in the morning, and that
+    it was hard to say when we might get up, were we to sit down to good
+    entertainment, in good company: I therefore begged the governour would
+    excuse us. Here too, I had another very pleasing proof how much my
+    father is regarded. The governour expressed the highest respect for him,
+    and bade me tell him, that, if he would come that way on the Northern
+    circuit, he would do him all the honours of the garrison.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Between twelve and one we set out, and travelled eleven miles, through a
+    wild country, till we came to a house in Glenmorison, called <i>Anoch</i>,
+    kept by a McQueen<a href="#note-425">[425]</a>. Our landlord was a sensible fellow; he had
+    learned his grammar<a href="#note-426">[426]</a>, and Dr. Johnson justly observed, that 'a man
+    is the better for that as long as he lives.' There were some books here:
+    <i>a Treatise against Drunkenness</i>, translated from the French; a volume
+    of <i>The Spectator</i>; a volume of <i>Prideaux's Connection</i>, and <i>Cyrus's
+    Travels</i><a href="#note-427">[427]</a>. McQueen said he had more volumes; and his pride seemed to
+    be much piqued that we were surprised at his having books.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Near to this place we had passed a party of soldiers, under a serjeant's
+    command, at work upon the road. We gave them two shillings to drink.
+    They came to our inn, and made merry in the barn. We went and paid them
+    a visit, Dr. Johnson saying, 'Come, let's go and give 'em another
+    shilling a-piece.' We did so; and he was saluted 'MY LORD' by all of
+    them. He is really generous, loves influence, and has the way of gaining
+    it. He said, 'I am quite feudal, Sir.' Here I agree with him. I said, I
+    regretted I was not the head of a clan; however, though not possessed of
+    such an hereditary advantage, I would always endeavour to make my
+    tenants follow me. I could not be a <i>patriarchal</i> chief, but I would be
+    a <i>feudal</i> chief.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The poor soldiers got too much liquor. Some of them fought, and left
+    blood upon the spot, and cursed whiskey next morning. The house here was
+    built of thick turfs, and thatched with thinner turfs and heath. It had
+    three rooms in length, and a little room which projected. Where we sat,
+    the side-walls were <i>wainscotted</i>, as Dr. Johnson said, with wicker,
+    very neatly plaited. Our landlord had made the whole with his own hands.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After dinner, McQueen sat by us a while, and talked with us. He said,
+    all the Laird of Glenmorison's people would bleed for him if they were
+    well used; but that seventy men had gone out of the Glen to America.
+    That he himself intended to go next year; for that the rent of his farm,
+    which twenty years ago was only five pounds, was now raised to twenty
+    pounds. That he could pay ten pounds and live; but no more.<a href="#note-428">[428]</a> Dr.
+    Johnson said, he wished M'Queen laird of Glenmorison, and the laird to
+    go to America. M'Queen very generously answered, he should be sorry for
+    it; for the laird could not shift for himself in America as he could do.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I talked of the officers whom we had left to-day; how much service they
+    had seen, and how little they got for it, even of fame. JOHNSON. 'Sir, a
+    soldier gets as little as any man can get.' BOSWELL. 'Goldsmith has
+    acquired more fame than all the officers last war, who were not
+    Generals.'<a href="#note-429">[429]</a> JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, you will find ten thousand fit to do
+    what they did, before you find one who does what Goldsmith has done. You
+    must consider, that a thing is valued according to its rarity. A pebble
+    that paves the street is in itself more useful than the diamond upon a
+    lady's finger.' I wish our friend Goldsmith had heard this.<a href="#note-430">[430]</a>
+</p>
+<p>
+    I yesterday expressed my wonder that John Hay, one of our guides, who
+    had been pressed aboard a man of war, did not choose to continue in it
+    longer than nine months, after which time he got off. JOHNSON. 'Why,
+    Sir, no man will be a sailor, who has contrivance enough to get himself
+    into a jail; for, being in a ship is being in a jail, with the chance of
+    being drowned.'<a href="#note-431">[431]</a>  We had tea in the afternoon, and our landlord's
+    daughter, a modest civil girl, very neatly drest, made it for us. She
+    told us, she had been a year at Inverness, and learnt reading and
+    writing, sewing, knotting<a href="#note-432">[432]</a>, working lace, and pastry. Dr. Johnson
+    made her a present of a book which he had bought at Inverness<a href="#note-433">[433]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The room had some deals laid across the joists, as a kind of ceiling.
+    There were two beds in the room, and a woman's gown was hung on a rope
+    to make a curtain of separation between them. Joseph had sheets, which
+    my wife had sent with us, laid on them. We had much hesitation, whether
+    to undress, or lie down with our clothes on. I said at last, 'I'll
+    plunge in! There will be less harbour for vermin about me, when I am
+    stripped!' Dr. Johnson said, he was like one hesitating whether to go
+    into the cold bath. At last he resolved too. I observed he might serve a
+    campaign. JOHNSON. 'I could do all that can be done by patience: whether
+    I should have strength enough, I know not.' He was in excellent humour.
+    To see the Rambler as I saw him to-night, was really an amusement. I
+    yesterday told him, I was thinking of writing a poetical letter to him,
+    <i>on his return from Scotland</i>, in the style of Swift's humorous epistle
+    in the character of Mary Gulliver to her husband, Captain Lemuel
+    Gulliver, on his return to England from the country of the HOUYHNHUMS:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'At early morn I to the market haste,
+      Studious in ev'ry thing to please thy taste.
+      A curious <i>fowl</i> and <i>sparagrass</i> I chose;
+      (For I remember you were fond of those:)
+      Three shillings cost the first, the last sev'n groats;
+      Sullen you turn from both, and call for OATS<a href="#note-434">[434]</a>:'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    He laughed, and asked in whose name I would write it. I said, in Mrs.
+    Thrale's. He was angry. 'Sir, if you have any sense of decency or
+    delicacy, you won't do that!' BOSWELL. 'Then let it be in Cole's, the
+    landlord of the <i>Mitre tavern</i>; where we have so often sat together.'
+    JOHNSON. 'Ay, that may do.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    After we had offered up our private devotions, and had chatted a little
+    from our beds, Dr. Johnson said, 'GOD bless us both, for Jesus Christ's
+    sake! Good night!' I pronounced 'Amen.' He fell asleep immediately. I
+    was not so fortunate for a long time. I fancied myself bit by
+    innumerable vermin under the clothes; and that a spider was travelling
+    from the <i>wainscot</i> towards my mouth. At last I fell into insensibility.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_25"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 1.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    I awaked very early. I began to imagine that the landlord, being about
+    to emigrate, might murder us to get our money, and lay it upon the
+    soldiers in the barn. Such groundless fears will arise in the mind,
+    before it has resumed its vigour after sleep! Dr. Johnson had had the
+    same kind of ideas; for he told me afterwards, that he considered so
+    many soldiers, having seen us, would be witnesses, should any harm be
+    done, and that circumstance, I suppose, he considered as a
+    security.<a href="#note-435">[435]</a> When I got up, I found him sound asleep in his miserable
+    <i>stye</i>, as I may call it, with a coloured handkerchief tied round his
+    head. With difficulty could I awaken him. It reminded me of Henry the
+    Fourth's fine soliloquy on sleep; for there was here as <i>uneasy a
+    pallet</i><a href="#note-436">[436]</a> as the poet's imagination could possibly conceive.
+</p>
+<p>
+    A <i>red coat</i> of the 15th regiment, whether officer, or only serjeant, I
+    could not be sure, came to the house, in his way to the mountains to
+    shoot deer, which it seems the Laird of Glenmorison does not hinder any
+    body to do. Few, indeed, can do them harm. We had him to breakfast with
+    us. We got away about eight. M'Queen walked some miles to give us a
+    convoy. He had, in 1745, joined the Highland army at Fort Augustus, and
+    continued in it till after the battle of Culloden. As he narrated the
+    particulars of that ill-advised, but brave attempt, I could not refrain
+    from tears. There is a certain association of ideas in my mind upon that
+    subject, by which I am strongly affected. The very Highland names, or
+    the sound of a bagpipe, will stir my blood, and fill me with a mixture
+    of melancholy and respect for courage; with pity for an unfortunate and
+    superstitious regard for antiquity, and thoughtless inclination for war;
+    in short, with a crowd of sensations with which sober rationality has
+    nothing to do.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We passed through Glensheal, with prodigious mountains on each side. We
+    saw where the battle was fought in the year 1719.<a href="#note-437">[437]</a> Dr. Johnson
+    owned he was now in a scene of as wild nature as he could see; but he
+    corrected me sometimes in my inaccurate observations. 'There, (said I,)
+    is a mountain like a cone.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir. It would be called so in
+    a book; and when a man comes to look at it, he sees it is not so. It is
+    indeed pointed at the top; but one side of it is larger than the
+    other<a href="#note-438">[438]</a>.' Another mountain I called immense. JOHNSON. 'No; it is no
+    more than a considerable protuberance.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We came to a rich green valley, comparatively speaking, and stopped a
+    while to let our horses rest and eat grass<a href="#note-439">[439]</a>. We soon afterwards came
+    to Auchnasheal, a kind of rural village, a number of cottages being
+    built together, as we saw all along in the Highlands. We passed many
+    miles this day without seeing a house, but only little summer-huts,
+    called <i>shielings</i>. Evan Campbell, servant to Mr. Murchison, factor to
+    the Laird of Macleod in Glenelg, ran along with us to-day. He was a
+    very obliging fellow. At Auchnasheal, we sat down on a green turf seat
+    at the end of a house; they brought us out two wooden dishes of milk,
+    which we tasted. One of them was frothed like a syllabub. I saw a woman
+    preparing it with such a stick as is used for chocolate, and in the same
+    manner. We had a considerable circle about us, men, women, and children,
+    all M'Craas, Lord Seaforth's people. Not one of them could speak
+    English. I observed to Dr. Johnson, it was much the same as being with a
+    tribe of Indians. JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; but not so terrifying<a href="#note-440">[440]</a>.' I
+    gave all who chose it, snuff and tobacco. Governour Trapaud had made us
+    buy a quantity at Fort Augustus, and put them up in small parcels. I
+    also gave each person a bit of wheat bread, which they had never tasted
+    before. I then gave a penny apiece to each child. I told Dr. Johnson of
+    this; upon which he called to Joseph and our guides, for change for a
+    shilling, and declared that he would distribute among the children. Upon
+    this being announced in Erse, there was a great stir; not only did some
+    children come running down from neighbouring huts, but I observed one
+    black-haired man, who had been with us all along, had gone off, and
+    returned, bringing a very young child. My fellow traveller then ordered
+    the children to be drawn up in a row; and he dealt about his copper, and
+    made them and their parents all happy. The poor M'Craas, whatever may be
+    their present state, were of considerable estimation in the year 1715,
+    when there was a line in a song,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'And aw the brave M'Craas are coming<a href="#note-441">[441]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    There was great diversity in the faces of the circle around us: some
+    were as black and wild in their appearance as any American savages
+    whatever. One woman was as comely almost as the figure of Sappho, as we
+    see it painted. We asked the old woman, the mistress of the house where
+    we had the milk, (which by the bye, Dr. Johnson told me, for I did not
+    observe it myself, was built not of turf, but of stone,) what we should
+    pay. She said, what we pleased. One of our guides asked her in Erse, if
+    a shilling was enough. She said, 'yes.' But some of the men bade her ask
+    more<a href="#note-442">[442]</a>. This vexed me; because it shewed a desire to impose upon
+    strangers, as they knew that even a shilling was high payment. The
+    woman, however, honestly persisted in her first price; so I gave her
+    half a crown. Thus we had one good scene of life uncommon to us. The
+    people were very much pleased, gave us many blessings, and said they had
+    not had such a day since the old Laird of Macleod's time.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson was much refreshed by this repast. He was pleased when I
+    told him he would make a good Chief. He said, 'Were I a chief, I would
+    dress my servants better than myself, and knock a fellow down if he
+    looked saucy to a Macdonald in rags: but I would not treat men as
+    brutes. I would let them know why all of my clan were to have attention
+    paid to them. I would tell my upper servants why, and make them tell the
+    others.'  We rode on well<a href="#note-443">[443]</a>, till we came to the high mountain
+    called the Rattakin, by which time both Dr. Johnson and the horses were
+    a good deal fatigued. It is a terrible steep to climb, notwithstanding
+    the road is formed slanting along it; however, we made it out. On the
+    top of it we met Captain M'Leod of Balmenoch (a Dutch officer who had
+    come from Sky) riding with his sword slung across him. He asked, 'Is
+    this Mr. Boswell?' which was a proof that we were expected. Going down
+    the hill on the other side was no easy task. As Dr. Johnson was a great
+    weight, the two guides agreed that he should ride the horses
+    alternately. Hay's were the two best, and the Doctor would not ride but
+    upon one or other of them, a black or a brown. But as Hay complained
+    much after ascending the <i>Rattakin</i>, the Doctor was prevailed with to
+    mount one of Vass's greys. As he rode upon it down hill, it did not go
+    well; and he grumbled. I walked on a little before, but was excessively
+    entertained with the method taken to keep him in good humour. Hay led
+    the horse's head, talking to Dr. Johnson as much as he could; and
+    (having heard him, in the forenoon, express a pastoral pleasure on
+    seeing the goats browzing) just when the Doctor was uttering his
+    displeasure, the fellow cried, with a very Highland accent, 'See, such
+    pretty goats!' Then he whistled, <i>whu!</i> and made them jump. Little did
+    he conceive what Dr. Johnson was. Here now was a common ignorant
+    Highland clown, imagining that he could divert, as one does a
+    child,&mdash;<i>Dr. Samuel Johnson!</i> The ludicrousness, absurdity, and
+    extraordinary contrast between what the fellow fancied, and the reality,
+    was truly comick.
+</p>
+<p>
+    It grew dusky; and we had a very tedious ride for what was called five
+    miles; but I am sure would measure ten. We had no conversation. I was
+    riding forward to the inn at Glenelg, on the shore opposite to Sky, that
+    I might take proper measures, before Dr. Johnson, who was now advancing
+    in dreary silence, Hay leading his horse, should arrive. Vass also
+    walked by the side of his horse, and Joseph followed behind: as
+    therefore he was thus attended, and seemed to be in deep meditation, I
+    thought there could be no harm in leaving him for a little while. He
+    called me back with a tremendous shout, and was really in a passion with
+    me for leaving him. I told him my intentions, but he was not satisfied,
+    and said, 'Do you know, I should as soon have thought of picking a
+    pocket, as doing so?' BOSWELL. 'I am diverted with you, Sir.' JOHNSON.
+    'Sir, I could never be diverted with incivility. Doing such a thing,
+    makes one lose confidence in him who has done it, as one cannot tell
+    what he may do next.' His extraordinary warmth confounded me so much,
+    that I justified myself but lamely to him; yet my intentions were not
+    improper. I wished to get on, to see how we were to be lodged, and how
+    we were to get a boat; all which I thought I could best settle myself,
+    without his having any trouble. To apply his great mind to minute
+    particulars, is wrong: it is like taking an immense balance, such as is
+    kept on quays for weighing cargoes of ships,&mdash;to weigh a guinea. I knew
+    I had neat little scales, which would do better; and that his attention
+    to every thing which falls in his way, and his uncommon desire to be
+    always in the right, would make him weigh, if he knew of the
+    particulars: it was right therefore for me to weigh them, and let him
+    have them only in effect. I however continued to ride by him, finding he
+    wished I should do so.
+</p>
+<p>
+    As we passed the barracks at Bernéra, I looked at them wishfully, as
+    soldiers have always every thing in the best order: but there was only a
+    serjeant and a few men there. We came on to the inn at Glenelg. There
+    was no provender for our horses; so they were sent to grass, with a man
+    to watch them. A maid shewed us up stairs into a room damp and dirty,
+    with bare walls, a variety of bad smells, a coarse black greasy fir
+    table, and forms of the same kind; and out of a wretched bed started a
+    fellow from his sleep, like Edgar in <i>King Lear</i><a href="#note-444">[444]</a>, '<i>Poor Tom's a
+    cold</i><a href="#note-445">[445]</a>.'  This inn was furnished with not a single article that we
+    could either eat or drink<a href="#note-446">[446]</a>; but Mr. Murchison, factor to the Laird
+    of Macleod in Glenelg, sent us a bottle of rum and some sugar, with a
+    polite message, to acquaint us, that he was very sorry that he did not
+    hear of us till we had passed his house, otherwise he should have
+    insisted on our sleeping there that night; and that, if he were not
+    obliged to set out for Inverness early next morning, he would have
+    waited upon us. Such extraordinary attention from this gentleman, to
+    entire strangers, deserves the most honourable commemoration.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Our bad accommodation here made me uneasy, and almost fretful. Dr.
+    Johnson was calm. I said, he was so from vanity. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir, it
+    is from philosophy.' It pleased me to see that the <i>Rambler</i> could
+    practise so well his own lessons.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I resumed the subject of my leaving him on the road, and endeavoured to
+    defend it better. He was still violent upon that head, and said, 'Sir,
+    had you gone on, I was thinking that I should have returned with you to
+    Edinburgh, and then have parted from you, and never spoken to you more.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I sent for fresh hay, with which we made beds for ourselves, each in a
+    room equally miserable. Like Wolfe, we had a 'choice of
+    difficulties<a href="#note-447">[447]</a>'. Dr. Johnson made things easier by comparison. At
+    M'Queen's, last night, he observed that few were so well lodged in a
+    ship. To-night he said, we were better than if we had been upon the
+    hill. He lay down buttoned up in his great coat. I had my sheets spread
+    on the hay, and my clothes and great coat laid over me, by way
+    of blankets.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_26"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 2.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    I had slept ill. Dr. Johnson's anger had affected me much. I considered
+    that, without any bad intention, I might suddenly forfeit his
+    friendship; and was impatient to see him this morning. I told him how
+    uneasy he had made me, by what he had said, and reminded him of his own
+    remark at Aberdeen, upon old friendships being hastily broken off. He
+    owned he had spoken to me in passion; that he would not have done what
+    he threatened; and that, if he had, he should have been ten times worse
+    than I; that forming intimacies, would indeed be 'limning the
+    water<a href="#note-448">[448]</a>,' were they liable to such sudden dissolution; and he added,
+    'Let's think no more on't.' BOSWELL. 'Well then, Sir, I shall be easy.
+    Remember, I am to have fair warning in case of any quarrel. You are
+    never to spring a mine upon me. It was absurd in me to believe you.'
+    JOHNSON. 'You deserved about as much, as to believe me from night
+    to morning.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    After breakfast, we got into a boat for Sky. It rained much when we set
+    off, but cleared up as we advanced. One of the boatmen, who spoke
+    English, said, that a mile at land was two miles at sea. I then
+    observed, that from Glenelg to Armidale in Sky, which was our present
+    course, and is called twelve, was only six miles: but this he could not
+    understand. 'Well, (said Dr. Johnson,) never talk to me of the native
+    good sense of the Highlanders. Here is a fellow who calls one mile two,
+    and yet cannot comprehend that twelve such imaginary miles make in
+    truth but six.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We reached the shore of Armidale before one o'clock. Sir Alexander
+    M'Donald came down to receive us. He and his lady, (formerly Miss
+    Bosville of Yorkshire<a href="#note-449">[449]</a>,) were then in a house built by a tenant at
+    this place, which is in the district of Slate, the family mansion here
+    having been burned in Sir Donald Macdonald's time.  The most ancient
+    seat of the chief of the Macdonalds in the isle of Sky was at Duntulm,
+    where there are the remains of a stately castle. The principal residence
+    of the family is now at Mugstot, at which there is a considerable
+    building. Sir Alexander and Lady Macdonald had come to Armidale in their
+    way to Edinburgh, where it was necessary for them to be soon after this
+    time.  Armidale is situated on a pretty bay of the narrow sea, which
+    flows between the main land of Scotland and the Isle of Sky. In front
+    there is a grand prospect of the rude mountains of Moidart and
+    Knoidart<a href="#note-451">[451]</a>. Behind are hills gently rising and covered with a finer
+    verdure than I expected to see in this climate, and the scene is
+    enlivened by a number of little clear brooks.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Sir Alexander Macdonald having been an Eton scholar<a href="#note-452">[452]</a>, and being a
+    gentleman of talents, Dr. Johnson had been very well pleased with him in
+    London<a href="#note-453">[453]</a>. But my fellow-traveller and I were now full of the old
+    Highland spirit, and were dissatisfied at hearing of racked rents and
+    emigration, and finding a chief not surrounded by his clan. Dr. Johnson
+    said, 'Sir, the Highland chiefs should not be allowed to go farther
+    south than Aberdeen. A strong-minded man, like Sir James Macdonald<a href="#note-454">[454]</a>,
+    may be improved by an English education; but in general, they will be
+    tamed into insignificance.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We found here Mr. Janes of Aberdeenshire, a naturalist. Janes said he
+    had been at Dr. Johnson's in London, with Ferguson the astronomer<a href="#note-455">[455]</a>.
+    JOHNSON. 'It is strange that, in such distant places, I should meet with
+    any one who knows me. I should have thought I might hide myself in Sky.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_27"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 3.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    This day proving wet, we should have passed our time very uncomfortably,
+    had we not found in the house two chests of books, which we eagerly
+    ransacked. After dinner, when I alone was left at table with the few
+    Highland gentlemen who were of the company, having talked with very high
+    respect of Sir James Macdonald, they were all so much affected as to
+    shed tears. One of them was Mr. Donald Macdonald, who had been
+    lieutenant of grenadiers in the Highland regiment, raised by Colonel
+    Montgomery, now Earl of Eglintoune, in the war before last; one of those
+    regiments which the late Lord Chatham prided himself in having brought
+    from 'the mountains of the North<a href="#note-456">[456]</a>:' by doing which he contributed to
+    extinguish in the Highlands the remains of disaffection to the present
+    Royal Family. From this gentleman's conversation, I first learnt how
+    very popular his Colonel was among the Highlanders; of which I had such
+    continued proofs, during the whole course of my Tour, that on my return
+    I could not help telling the noble Earl himself, that I did not before
+    know how great a man he was.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We were advised by some persons here to visit Rasay, in our way to
+    Dunvegan, the seat of the Laird of Macleod. Being informed that the Rev.
+    Mr. Donald M'Queen was the most intelligent man in Sky, and having been
+    favoured with a letter of introduction to him, by the learned Sir James
+    Foulis, I sent it to him by an express, and requested he would meet us
+    at Rasay; and at the same time enclosed a letter to the Laird of
+    Macleod, informing him that we intended in a few days to have the honour
+    of waiting on him at Dunvegan.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson this day endeavoured to obtain some knowledge of the state
+    of the country; but complained that he could get no distinct information
+    about any thing, from those with whom he conversed<a href="#note-457">[457]</a>.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_28"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 4.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    My endeavours to rouse the English-bred Chieftain<a href="#note-458">[458]</a>, in whose house
+    we were, to the feudal and patriarchal feelings, proving ineffectual,
+    Dr. Johnson this morning tried to bring him to our way of thinking.
+    JOHNSON. 'Were I in your place, Sir, in seven years I would make this an
+    independant island. I would roast oxen whole, and hang out a flag as a
+    signal to the Macdonalds to come and get beef and whiskey.' Sir
+    Alexander was still starting difficulties. JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir; if you
+    are born to object, I have done with you. Sir, I would have a magazine
+    of arms.' SIR ALEXANDER. 'They would rust.' JOHNSON. 'Let there be men
+    to keep them clean. Your ancestors did not use to let their arms
+    rust<a href="#note-459">[459]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We attempted in vain to communicate to him a portion of our enthusiasm.
+    He bore with so polite a good nature our warm, and what some might call
+    Gothick, expostulations, on this subject, that I should not forgive
+    myself, were I to record all that Dr. Johnson's ardour led him to
+    say.&mdash;This day was little better than a blank.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_29"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 5.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    I walked to the parish church of Slate, which is a very poor one. There
+    are no church bells in the island. I was told there were once some; what
+    has become of them, I could not learn. The minister not being at home,
+    there was no service. I went into the church, and saw the monument of
+    Sir James Macdonald, which was elegantly executed at Rome, and has the
+    following inscription, written by his friend, George Lord Lyttelton:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     To the memory
+     Of SIR JAMES MACDONALD, BART.
+     Who in the flower of youth
+     Had attained to so eminent a degree of knowledge,
+     In Mathematics, Philosophy, Languages,
+     And in every other branch of useful and polite learning
+     As few have acquired in a long life
+     Wholly devoted to study:
+     Yet to this erudition he joined
+     What can rarely be found with it,
+     Great talents for business,
+     Great propriety of behaviour,
+     Great politeness of manners!
+     His eloquence was sweet, correct, and flowing;
+     His memory vast and exact;
+     His judgement strong and acute;
+     All which endowments, united
+     With the most amiable temper
+     And every private virtue,
+     Procured him, not only in his own country,
+     But also from foreign nations<a href="#note-460">[460]</a>,
+     The highest marks of esteem.
+     In the year of our Lord 1766,
+     The 25th of his life,
+     After a long and extremely painful illness,
+     Which he supported with admirable patience and fortitude,
+     He died at Rome,
+     Where, notwithstanding the difference of religion,
+     Such extraordinary honours were paid to his memory,
+     As had never graced that of any other British Subject,
+     Since the death of Sir Philip Sidney.
+     The fame he left behind him is the best consolation
+     To his afflicted family,
+     And to his countrymen in this isle,
+     For whose benefit he had planned
+     Many useful improvements,
+     Which his fruitful genius suggested,
+     And his active spirit promoted,
+     Under the sober direction
+     Of a clear and enlightened understanding.
+     Reader, bewail our loss,
+     And that of all Britain.
+     In testimony of her love,
+     And as the best return she can make
+     To her departed son,
+     For the constant tenderness and affection
+     Which, even to his last moments,
+     He shewed for her,
+     His much afflicted mother,
+     The LADY MARGARET MACDONALD,
+     Daughter to the EARL of EGLINTOUNE,
+     Erected this Monument,
+     A.D. 1768<a href="#note-461">[461]</a>'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson said, the inscription should have been in Latin, as every
+    thing intended to be universal and permanent should be<a href="#note-462">[462]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    This being a beautiful day, my spirits were cheered by the mere effect
+    of climate. I had felt a return of spleen during my stay at Armidale,
+    and had it not been that I had Dr. Johnson to contemplate, I should have
+    sunk into dejection; but his firmness supported me. I looked at him, as
+    a man whose head is turning giddy at sea looks at a rock, or any fixed
+    object. I wondered at his tranquillity. He said, 'Sir, when a man
+    retires into an island, he is to turn his thoughts entirely to another
+    world. He has done with this.' BOSWELL. 'It appears to me, Sir, to be
+    very difficult to unite a due attention to this world, and that which is
+    to come; for, if we engage eagerly in the affairs of life, we are apt to
+    be totally forgetful of a future state; and, on the other hand, a steady
+    contemplation of the awful concerns of eternity renders all objects here
+    so insignificant, as to make us indifferent and negligent about them.'
+    JOHNSON. 'Sir, Dr. Cheyne has laid down a rule to himself on this
+    subject, which should be imprinted on every mind:&mdash;"<i>To neglect nothing
+    to secure my eternal peace, more than if I had been certified I should
+    die within the day: nor to mind any thing that my secular obligations
+    and duties demanded of me, less than if I had been ensured to live fifty
+    years more<a href="#note-463">[463]</a></i>."'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I must here observe, that though Dr. Johnson appeared now to be
+    philosophically calm, yet his genius did not shine forth as in
+    companies, where I have listened to him with admiration. The vigour of
+    his mind was, however, sufficiently manifested, by his discovering no
+    symptoms of feeble relaxation in the dull, 'weary, flat and
+    unprofitable<a href="#note-464">[464]</a>' state in which we now were placed.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I am inclined to think that it was on this day he composed the following
+    Ode upon the <i>Isle of Sky</i>, which a few days afterwards he shewed me
+    at Rasay:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     ODA,
+
+     Ponti profundis clausa recessibus,
+     Strepens procellis, rupibus obsita,
+     Quam grata defesso virentem
+     Skia sinum nebulosa pandis.
+
+     His cura, credo, sedibus exulat;
+     His blanda certe pax habitat locis:
+     Non ira, non moeror quietis
+     Insidias meditatur horis.
+
+     At non cavata rupe latescere,
+     Menti nec aegrae montibus aviis
+     Prodest vagari, nec frementes
+     E scopulo numerare fluctus.
+
+     Humana virtus non sibi sufficit,
+     Datur nec aequum cuique animum sibi
+     Parare posse, ut Stoicorum
+     Secta crepet nimis alta fallax.
+
+     Exaestuantis pectoris impetum,
+     Rex summe, solus tu regis arbiter,
+     Mentisque, te tollente, surgunt,
+     Te recidunt moderante fluctus<a href="#note-465">[465]</a>.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    After supper, Dr. Johnson told us, that Isaac Hawkins Browne drank
+    freely for thirty years, and that he wrote his poem, <i>De Animi
+    Immortalitate</i>, in some of the last of these years<a href="#note-466">[466]</a>. I listened to
+    this with the eagerness of one who, conscious of being himself fond of
+    wine, is glad to hear that a man of so much genius and good thinking as
+    Browne had the same propensity<a href="#note-467">[467]</a>.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_30"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 6.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    We set out, accompanied by Mr. Donald M'Leod, (late of Canna) as our
+    guide. We rode for some time along the district of Slate, near the
+    shore. The houses in general are made of turf, covered with grass. The
+    country seemed well peopled. We came into the district of Strath, and
+    passed along a wild moorish tract of land till we arrived at the shore.
+    There we found good verdure, and some curious whin-rocks, or collections
+    of stones like the ruins of the foundations of old buildings. We saw
+    also three Cairns of considerable size.
+</p>
+<p>
+    About a mile beyond Broadfoot, is Corrichatachin, a farm of Sir
+    Alexander Macdonald's, possessed by Mr. M'Kinnon<a href="#note-468">[468]</a>, who received us
+    with a hearty welcome, as did his wife, who was what we call in Scotland
+    a <i>lady-like</i> woman. Mr. Pennant in the course of his tour to the
+    Hebrides, passed two nights at this gentleman's house. On its being
+    mentioned, that a present had here been made to him of a curious
+    specimen of Highland antiquity, Dr. Johnson said, 'Sir, it was more than
+    he deserved; the dog is a Whig<a href="#note-469">[469]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We here enjoyed the comfort of a table plentifully furnished<a href="#note-470">[470]</a>, the
+    satisfaction of which was heightened by a numerous and cheerful company;
+    and we for the first time had a specimen of the joyous social manners of
+    the inhabitants of the Highlands. They talked in their own ancient
+    language, with fluent vivacity, and sung many Erse songs with such
+    spirit, that, though Dr. Johnson was treated with the greatest respect
+    and attention, there were moments in which he seemed to be forgotten.
+    For myself, though but a <i>Lowlander</i>, having picked up a few words of
+    the language, I presumed to mingle in their mirth, and joined in the
+    choruses with as much glee as any of the company. Dr. Johnson being
+    fatigued with his journey, retired early to his chamber, where he
+    composed the following Ode, addressed to Mrs. Thrale<a href="#note-471">[471]</a>:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     ODA.
+
+     Permeo terras, ubi nuda rupes
+     Saxeas miscet nebulis ruinas,
+     Torva ubi rident steriles coloni
+     Rura labores.
+
+     Pervagor gentes, hominum ferorum
+     Vita ubi nullo decorata cultu
+     Squallet informis, tugurique fumis
+     Foeda latescit.
+
+     Inter erroris salebrosa longi,
+     Inter ignotae strepitus loquelae,
+     Quot modis mecum, quid agat, requiro,
+     Thralia dulcis?
+
+     Seu viri curas pia nupta mulcet,
+     Seu fovet mater sobolem benigna,
+     Sive cum libris novitate pascet
+     Sedula mentem;
+
+     Sit memor nostri, fideique merces,
+     Stet fides constans, meritoque blandum
+     Thraliae discant resonare nomen
+     Littora Skiae.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Scriptum in Skiá, Sept. 6, 1773<a href="#note-472">[472]</a>.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_31"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson was much pleased with his entertainment here. There were
+    many good books in the house: <i>Hector Boethius</i> in Latin; Cave's <i>Lives
+    of the Fathers</i>; Baker's <i>Chronicle</i>; Jeremy Collier's <i>Church History</i>;
+    Dr. Johnson's small <i>Dictionary</i>; Craufurd's <i>Officers of State</i>, and
+    several more<a href="#note-473">[473]</a>:&mdash;a mezzotinto of Mrs. Brooks the actress (by some
+    strange chance in Sky<a href="#note-474">[474]</a>), and also a print of Macdonald of
+    Clanranald<a href="#note-475">[475]</a>, with a Latin inscription about the cruelties after the
+    battle of Culloden, which will never be forgotten.
+</p>
+<p>
+    It was a very wet stormy day; we were therefore obliged to remain here,
+    it being impossible to cross the sea to Rasay.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I employed a part of the forenoon in writing this Journal. The rest of
+    it was somewhat dreary, from the gloominess of the weather, and the
+    uncertain state which we were in, as we could not tell but it might
+    clear up every hour. Nothing is more painful to the mind than a state of
+    suspence, especially when it depends upon the weather, concerning which
+    there can be so little calculation. As Dr. Johnson said of our weariness
+    on the Monday at Aberdeen, 'Sensation is sensation<a href="#note-476">[476]</a>:'
+    Corrichatachin, which was last night a hospitable house, was, in my
+    mind, changed to-day into a prison. After dinner I read some of Dr.
+    Macpherson's <i>Dissertations on the Ancient Caledonians</i><a href="#note-477">[477]</a>. I was
+    disgusted by the unsatisfactory conjectures as to antiquity, before the
+    days of record. I was happy when tea came. Such, I take it, is the state
+    of those who live in the country. Meals are wished for from the cravings
+    of vacuity of mind, as well as from the desire of eating. I was hurt to
+    find even such a temporary feebleness, and that I was so far from being
+    that robust wise man who is sufficient for his own happiness. I felt a
+    kind of lethargy of indolence. I did not exert myself to get Dr. Johnson
+    to talk, that I might not have the labour of writing down his
+    conversation. He enquired here if there were any remains of the second
+    sight<a href="#note-478">[478]</a>. Mr. M'Pherson, Minister of Slate, said, he was <i>resolved</i>
+    not to believe it, because it was founded on no principle<a href="#note-479">[479]</a>. JOHNSON.
+    'There are many things then, which we are sure are true, that you will
+    not believe. What principle is there, why a loadstone attracts iron? why
+    an egg produces a chicken by heat? why a tree grows upwards, when the
+    natural tendency of all things is downwards? Sir, it depends upon the
+    degree of evidence that you have.' Young Mr. M'Kinnon mentioned one
+    M'Kenzie, who is still alive, who had often fainted in his presence, and
+    when he recovered, mentioned visions which had been presented to him. He
+    told Mr. M'Kinnon, that at such a place he should meet a funeral, and
+    that such and such people would be the bearers, naming four; and three
+    weeks afterwards he saw what M'Kenzie had predicted. The naming the very
+    spot in a country where a funeral comes a long way, and the very people
+    as bearers, when there are so many out of whom a choice may be made,
+    seems extraordinary. We should have sent for M'Kenzie, had we not been
+    informed that he could speak no English. Besides, the facts were not
+    related with sufficient accuracy.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mrs. M'Kinnon, who is a daughter of old Kingsburgh, told us that her
+    father was one day riding in Sky, and some women, who were at work in a
+    field on the side of the road, said to him they had heard two <i>taiscks</i>,
+    (that is, two voices of persons about to die<a href="#note-480">[480]</a>,) and what was
+    remarkable, one of them was an <i>English taisck</i>, which they never heard
+    before. When he returned, he at that very place met two funerals, and
+    one of them was that of a woman who had come from the main land, and
+    could speak only English. This, she remarked, made a great impression
+    upon her father.
+</p>
+<p>
+    How all the people here were lodged, I know not. It was partly done by
+    separating man and wife, and putting a number of men in one room, and of
+    women in another.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_32"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 8.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    When I waked, the rain was much heavier than yesterday; but the wind had
+    abated. By breakfast, the day was better, and in a little while it was
+    calm and clear. I felt my spirits much elated. The propriety of the
+    expression, '<i>the sunshine of the breast</i><a href="#note-481">[481]</a>,' now struck me with
+    peculiar force; for the brilliant rays penetrated into my very soul. We
+    were all in better humour than before. Mrs. M'Kinnon, with unaffected
+    hospitality and politeness, expressed her happiness in having such
+    company in her house, and appeared to understand and relish Dr.
+    Johnson's conversation, as indeed all the company seemed to do. When I
+    knew she was old Kingsburgh's daughter, I did not wonder at the good
+    appearance which she made.
+</p>
+<p>
+    She talked as if her husband and family would emigrate, rather than be
+    oppressed by their landlord; and said, 'how agreeable would it be, if
+    these gentlemen should come in upon us when we are in America.' Somebody
+    observed that Sir Alexander Macdonald was always frightened at sea.
+    JOHNSON. '<i>He</i> is frightened at sea; and his tenants are frightened when
+    he comes to land.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We resolved to set out directly after breakfast. We had about two miles
+    to ride to the sea-side, and there we expected to get one of the boats
+    belonging to the fleet of bounty<a href="#note-482">[482]</a> herring-busses then on the coast,
+    or at least a good country fishing-boat. But while we were preparing to
+    set out, there arrived a man with the following card from the Reverend
+    Mr. Donald M'Queen:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Mr. M'Queen's compliments to Mr. Boswell, and begs leave to acquaint
+    him that, fearing the want of a proper boat, as much as the rain of
+    yesterday, might have caused a stop, he is now at Skianwden with
+    Macgillichallum's<a href="#note-483">[483]</a> carriage, to convey him and Dr. Johnson to Rasay,
+    where they will meet with a most hearty welcome, and where. Macleod,
+    being on a visit, now attends their motions.' 'Wednesday afternoon.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    This card was most agreeable; it was a prologue to that hospitable and
+    truly polite reception which we found at Rasay. In a little while
+    arrived Mr. Donald M'Queen himself; a decent minister, an elderly man
+    with his own black hair, courteous, and rather slow of speech, but
+    candid, sensible, and well informed, nay learned. Along with him came,
+    as our pilot, a gentleman whom I had a great desire to see, Mr. Malcolm
+    Macleod, one of the Rasay family, celebrated in the year 1745-6. He was
+    now sixty-two years of age, hale, and well proportioned,&mdash;with a manly
+    countenance, tanned by the weather, yet having a ruddiness in his
+    cheeks, over a great part of which his rough beard extended. His eye was
+    quick and lively, yet his look was not fierce, but he appeared at once
+    firm and good-humoured. He wore a pair of brogues<a href="#note-484">[484]</a>,&mdash;Tartan hose
+    which came up only near to his knees, and left them bare,&mdash;a purple
+    camblet kilt<a href="#note-485">[485]</a>,&mdash;a black waistcoat,&mdash;a short green cloth coat bound
+    with gold cord,&mdash;a yellowish bushy wig,&mdash;a large blue bonnet with a gold
+    thread button. I never saw a figure that gave a more perfect
+    representation of a Highland gentleman. I wished much to have a picture
+    of him just as he was. I found him frank and <i>polite</i>, in the true sense
+    of the word.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The good family at Corrichatachin said, they hoped to see us on our
+    return. We rode down to the shore; but Malcolm walked with
+    graceful agility.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We got into Rasay's <i>carriage</i>, which was a good strong open boat made
+    in Norway. The wind had now risen pretty high, and was against us; but
+    we had four stout rowers, particularly a Macleod, a robust black-haired
+    fellow, half naked, and bare-headed, something between a wild Indian and
+    an English tar. Dr. Johnson sat high, on the stern, like a magnificent
+    Triton. Malcolm sung an Erse song, the chorus of which was '<i>Hatyin foam
+    foam eri</i>', with words of his own<a href="#note-486">[486]</a>. The tune resembled '<i>Owr the
+    muir amang the heather</i>'. The boatmen and Mr. M'Queen chorused, and all
+    went well. At length Malcolm himself took an oar, and rowed vigorously.
+    We sailed along the coast of Scalpa, a rugged island, about four miles
+    in length. Dr. Johnson proposed that he and I should buy it, and found a
+    good school, and an episcopal church, (Malcolm<a href="#note-487">[487]</a> said, he would come
+    to it,) and have a printing-press, where he would print all the Erse
+    that could be found.  Here I was strongly struck with our long
+    projected scheme of visiting the Hebrides being realized<a href="#note-488">[488]</a>. I called
+    to him, 'We are contending with seas;' which I think were the words of
+    one of his letters to me<a href="#note-489">[489]</a>. 'Not much,' said he; and though the wind
+    made the sea lash considerably upon us, he was not discomposed. After we
+    were out of the shelter of Scalpa, and in the sound between it and
+    Rasay, which extended about a league, the wind made the sea very
+    rough<a href="#note-490">[490]</a>. I did not like it. JOHNSON. 'This now is the Atlantick. If I
+    should tell at a tea table in London, that I have crossed the Atlantick
+    in an open boat, how they'd shudder, and what a fool they'd think me to
+    expose myself to such danger?' He then repeated Horace's ode,&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Otium Divos rogat in patenti
+      Prensus Aegaeo&mdash;&mdash;<a href="#note-491">[491]</a>'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    In the confusion and hurry of this boisterous sail, Dr. Johnson's spurs,
+    of which Joseph had charge, were carried over-board into the sea, and
+    lost<a href="#note-492">[492]</a>. This was the first misfortune that had befallen us. Dr.
+    Johnson was a little angry at first, observing that 'there was something
+    wild in letting a pair of spurs be carried into the sea out of a boat;'
+    but then he remarked, 'that, as Janes the naturalist had said upon
+    losing his pocket-book, it was rather an inconvenience than a loss.' He
+    told us, he now recollected that he dreamt the night before, that he put
+    his staff into a river, and chanced to let it go, and it was carried
+    down the stream and lost. 'So now you see, (said he,) that I have lost
+    my spurs; and this story is better than many of those which we have
+    concerning second sight and dreams.' Mr. M'Queen said he did not believe
+    the second sight; that he never met with any well attested instances;
+    and if he should, he should impute them to chance; because all who
+    pretend to that quality often fail in their predictions, though they
+    take a great scope, and sometimes interpret literally, sometimes
+    figuratively, so as to suit the events. He told us, that, since he came
+    to be minister of the parish where he now is, the belief of witchcraft,
+    or charms, was very common, insomuch that he had many prosecutions
+    before his <i>session</i> (the parochial ecclesiastical court) against women,
+    for having by these means carried off the milk from people's cows. He
+    disregarded them; and there is not now the least vestige of that
+    superstition. He preached against it; and in order to give a strong
+    proof to the people that there was nothing in it, he said from the
+    pulpit that every woman in the parish was welcome to take the milk from
+    his cows, provided she did not touch them<a href="#note-493">[493]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson asked him as to <i>Fingal</i>. He said he could repeat some
+    passages in the original, that he heard his grandfather had a copy of
+    it; but that he could not affirm that Ossian composed all that poem as
+    it is now published. This came pretty much to what Dr. Johnson had
+    maintained<a href="#note-494">[494]</a>; though he goes farther, and contends that it is no
+    better than such an epick poem as he could make from the song of Robin
+    Hood<a href="#note-495">[495]</a>; that is to say, that, except a few passages, there is nothing
+    truly ancient but the names and some vague traditions. Mr. M'Queen
+    alleged that Homer was made up of detached fragments. Dr. Johnson denied
+    this; observing, that it had been one work originally, and that you
+    could not put a book of the <i>Iliad</i> out of its place; and he believed
+    the same might be said of the <i>Odyssey</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The approach to Rasay was very pleasing. We saw before us a beautiful
+    bay, well defended by a rocky coast; a good family mansion; a fine
+    verdure about it,&mdash;with a considerable number of trees;&mdash;and beyond it
+    hills and mountains in gradation of wildness. Our boatmen sung with
+    great spirit. Dr. Johnson observed, that naval musick was very ancient.
+    As we came near the shore, the singing of our rowers was succeeded by
+    that of reapers, who were busy at work, and who seemed to shout as much
+    as to sing, while they worked with a bounding activity<a href="#note-496">[496]</a>. Just as we
+    landed, I observed a cross, or rather the ruins of one, upon a rock,
+    which had to me a pleasing vestige of religion. I perceived a large
+    company coming out from the house. We met them as we walked up. There
+    were Rasay himself; his brother Dr. Macleod; his nephew the Laird of
+    M'Kinnon; the Laird of Macleod; Colonel Macleod of Talisker, an officer
+    in the Dutch service, a very genteel man, and a faithful branch of the
+    family; Mr. Macleod of Muiravenside, best known by the name of Sandie
+    Macleod, who was long in exile on account of the part which he took in
+    1745; and several other persons. We were welcomed upon the green, and
+    conducted into the house, where we were introduced to Lady Rasay, who
+    was surrounded by a numerous family, consisting of three sons and ten
+    daughters. The Laird of Rasay is a sensible, polite, and most hospitable
+    gentleman. I was told that his island of Rasay, and that of Rona, (from
+    which the eldest son of the family has his title,) and a considerable
+    extent of land which he has in Sky, do not altogether yield him a very
+    large revenue<a href="#note-497">[497]</a>: and yet he lives in great splendour; and so far is
+    he from distressing his people, that, in the present rage for
+    emigration, not a man has left his estate.  It was past six o'clock
+    when we arrived. Some excellent brandy was served round immediately,
+    according to the custom of the Highlands, where a dram is generally
+    taken every day. They call it a <i>scalch</i><a href="#note-498">[498]</a>. On a side-board was
+    placed for us, who had come off the sea, a substantial dinner, and a
+    variety of wines. Then we had coffee and tea. I observed in the room
+    several elegantly bound books, and other marks of improved life. Soon
+    afterwards a fidler appeared, and a little ball began. Rasay himself
+    danced with as much spirit as any man, and Malcolm bounded like a roe.
+    Sandie Macleod, who has at times an excessive flow of spirits, and had
+    it now, was, in his days of absconding, known by the name of
+    <i>M'Cruslick</i><a href="#note-499">[499]</a>, which it seems was the designation of a kind of
+    wild man in the Highlands, something between Proteus and Don Quixote;
+    and so he was called here. He made much jovial noise. Dr. Johnson was so
+    delighted with this scene, that he said, 'I know not how we shall get
+    away.' It entertained me to observe him sitting by, while we danced,
+    sometimes in deep meditation,&mdash;sometimes smiling complacently,&mdash;sometimes
+    looking upon Hooke's <i>Roman History</i>,&mdash;and sometimes talking a
+    little, amidst the noise of the ball, to Mr. Donald M'Queen, who
+    anxiously gathered knowledge from him. He was pleased with M'Queen, and
+    said to me, 'This is a critical man, Sir. There must be great vigour of
+    mind to make him cultivate learning so much in the isle of Sky, where
+    he might do without it. It is wonderful how many of the new publications
+    he has. There must be a snatch of every opportunity.' Mr. M'Queen told
+    me that his brother (who is the fourth generation of the family
+    following each other as ministers of the parish of Snizort,) and he
+    joined together, and bought from time to time such books as had
+    reputation. Soon after we came in, a black cock and grey hen, which had
+    been shot, were shewn, with their feathers on, to Dr. Johnson, who had
+    never seen that species of bird before. We had a company of thirty at
+    supper; and all was good humour and gaiety, without intemperance.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_33"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 9.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    At breakfast this morning, among a profusion of other things, there were
+    oat-cakes, made of what is called <i>graddaned</i> meal, that is, meal made
+    of grain separated from the husks, and toasted by fire, instead of being
+    threshed and kiln-dried. This seems to be bad management, as so much
+    fodder is consumed by it. Mr. M'Queen however defended it, by saying,
+    that it is doing the thing much quicker, as one operation effects what
+    is otherwise done by two. His chief reason however was, that the
+    servants in Sky are, according to him, a faithless pack, and steal what
+    they can; so that much is saved by the corn passing but once through
+    their hands, as at each time they pilfer some. It appears to me, that
+    the gradaning is a strong proof of the laziness of the Highlanders, who
+    will rather make fire act for them, at the expence of fodder, than
+    labour themselves. There was also, what I cannot help disliking at
+    breakfast, cheese: it is the custom over all the Highlands to have it;
+    and it often smells very strong, and poisons to a certain degree the
+    elegance of an Indian repast<a href="#note-500">[500]</a>. The day was showery; however, Rasay
+    and I took a walk, and had some cordial conversation. I conceived a more
+    than ordinary regard for this worthy gentleman. His family has possessed
+    this island above four hundred years<a href="#note-501">[501]</a>. It is the remains of the
+    estate of Macleod of Lewis, whom he represents. When we returned, Dr.
+    Johnson walked with us to see the old chapel. He was in fine spirits. He
+    said,' This is truly the patriarchal life: this is what we came to
+    find.'  After dinner, M'Cruslick, Malcolm, and I, went out with guns,
+    to try if we could find any black-cock; but we had no sport, owing to a
+    heavy rain. I saw here what is called a Danish fort. Our evening was
+    passed as last night was. One of our company, I was told, had hurt
+    himself by too much study, particularly of infidel metaphysicians; of
+    which he gave a proof, on second sight being mentioned. He immediately
+    retailed some of the fallacious arguments of Voltaire and Hume against
+    miracles in general. Infidelity in a Highland gentleman appeared to me
+    peculiarly offensive. I was sorry for him, as he had otherwise a good
+    character. I told Dr. Johnson that he had studied himself into
+    infidelity. JOHNSON. 'Then he must study himself out of it again. That
+    is the way. Drinking largely will sober him again.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_34"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 10.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Having resolved to explore the Island of Rasay, which could be done only
+    on foot, I last night obtained my fellow-traveller's permission to leave
+    him for a day, he being unable to take so hardy a walk. Old Mr. Malcolm
+    M'Cleod, who had obligingly promised to accompany me, was at my bed-side
+    between five and six. I sprang up immediately, and he and I, attended by
+    two other gentlemen, traversed the country during the whole of this day.
+    Though we had passed over not less than four-and-twenty miles of very
+    rugged ground, and had a Highland dance on the top of <i>Dun Can</i>, the
+    highest mountain in the island, we returned in the evening not at all
+    fatigued, and piqued ourselves at not being outdone at the nightly ball
+    by our less active friends, who had remained at home.
+</p>
+<p>
+    My survey of Rasay did not furnish much which can interest my readers; I
+    shall therefore put into as short a compass as I can, the observations
+    upon it, which I find registered in my journal. It is about fifteen
+    English miles long, and four broad. On the south side is the laird's
+    family seat, situated on a pleasing low spot. The old tower of three
+    stories, mentioned by Martin, was taken down soon after 1746, and a
+    modern house supplies its place. There are very good grass-fields and
+    corn-lands about it, well-dressed. I observed, however, hardly any
+    inclosures, except a good garden plentifully stocked with vegetables,
+    and strawberries, raspberries, currants, &amp;c.
+</p>
+<p>
+    On one of the rocks just where we landed, which are not high, there is
+    rudely carved a square, with a crucifix in the middle. Here, it is said,
+    the Lairds of Rasay, in old times, used to offer up their devotions. I
+    could not approach the spot, without a grateful recollection of the
+    event commemorated by this symbol.
+</p>
+<p>
+    A little from the shore, westward, is a kind of subterraneous house.
+    There has been a natural fissure, or separation of the rock, running
+    towards the sea, which has been roofed over with long stones, and above
+    them turf has been laid. In that place the inhabitants used to keep
+    their oars. There are a number of trees near the house, which grow well;
+    some of them of a pretty good size. They are mostly plane and ash. A
+    little to the west of the house is an old ruinous chapel, unroofed,
+    which never has been very curious. We here saw some human bones of an
+    uncommon size. There was a heel-bone, in particular, which Dr. Macleod
+    said was such, that if the foot was in proportion, it must have been
+    twenty-seven inches long. Dr. Johnson would not look at the bones. He
+    started back from them with a striking appearance of horrour<a href="#note-502">[502]</a>. Mr.
+    M'Queen told us it was formerly much the custom, in these isles, to have
+    human bones lying above ground, especially in the windows of churches.
+    On the south of the chapel is the family burying-place. Above the door,
+    on the east end of it, is a small bust or image of the Virgin Mary,
+    carved upon a stone which makes part of the wall. There is no church
+    upon the island. It is annexed to one of the parishes of Sky; and the
+    minister comes and preaches either in Rasay's house, or some other
+    house, on certain Sundays. I could not but value the family seat more,
+    for having even the ruins of a chapel close to it. There was something
+    comfortable in the thought of being so near a piece of consecrated
+    ground.<a href="#note-503">[503]</a> Dr. Johnson said, 'I look with reverence upon every place
+    that has been set apart for religion;' and he kept off his hat while he
+    was within the walls of the chapel<a href="#note-504">[504]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The eight crosses, which Martin mentions as pyramids for deceased
+    ladies, stood in a semicircular line, which contained within it the
+    chapel. They marked out the boundaries of the sacred territory within
+    which an asylum was to be had. One of them, which we observed upon our
+    landing, made the first point of the semicircle. There are few of them
+    now remaining. A good way farther north, there is a row of buildings
+    about four feet high; they run from the shore on the east along the top
+    of a pretty high eminence, and so down to the shore on the west, in much
+    the same direction with the crosses. Rasay took them to be the marks for
+    the asylum; but Malcolm thought them to be false sentinels, a common
+    deception, of which instances occur in Martin, to make invaders imagine
+    an island better guarded. Mr. Donald M'Queen, justly in my opinion,
+    supposed the crosses which form the inner circle to be the church's
+    land-marks.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The south end of the island is much covered with large stones or rocky
+    strata. The laird has enclosed and planted part of it with firs, and he
+    shewed me a considerable space marked out for additional plantations.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>Dun Can</i> is a mountain three computed miles from the laird's house. The
+    ascent to it is by consecutive risings, if that expression may be used
+    when vallies intervene, so that there is but a short rise at once; but
+    it is certainly very high above the sea. The palm of altitude is
+    disputed for by the people of Rasay and those of Sky; the former
+    contending for Dun Can, the latter for the mountains in Sky, over
+    against it. We went up the east side of Dun Can pretty easily. It is
+    mostly rocks all around, the points of which hem the summit of it.
+    Sailors, to whom it was a good object as they pass along, call it
+    Rasay's cap. Before we reached this mountain, we passed by two lakes. Of
+    the first, Malcolm told me a strange fabulous tradition. He said, there
+    was a wild beast in it, a sea horse, which came and devoured a man's
+    daughter; upon which the man lighted a great fire, and had a sow roasted
+    at it, the smell of which attracted the monster. In the fire was put a
+    spit. The man lay concealed behind a low wall of loose stones, and he
+    had an avenue formed for the monster, with two rows of large flat
+    stones, which extended from the fire over the summit of the hill, till
+    it reached the side of the loch. The monster came, and the man with the
+    red-hot spit destroyed it. Malcolm shewed me the little hiding-place,
+    and the rows of stones. He did not laugh when he told this story. I
+    recollect having seen in the <i>Scots Magazine</i>, several years ago, a poem
+    upon a similar tale, perhaps the same, translated from the Erse, or
+    Irish, called <i>Albin and the Daughter of Mey</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    There is a large tract of land, possessed as a common, in Rasay. They
+    have no regulations as to the number of cattle. Every man puts upon it
+    as many as he chooses. From Dun Can northward, till you reach the other
+    end of the island, there is much good natural pasture unincumbered by
+    stones. We passed over a spot, which is appropriated for the exercising
+    ground. In 1745, a hundred fighting men were reviewed here, as Malcolm
+    told me, who was one of the officers that led them to the field<a href="#note-505">[505]</a>.
+    They returned home all but about fourteen. What a princely thing is it
+    to be able to furnish such a band! Rasay has the true spirit of a chief.
+    He is, without exaggeration, a father to his people.
+</p>
+<p>
+    There is plenty of lime-stone in the island, a great quarry of
+    free-stone, and some natural woods, but none of any age, as they cut the
+    trees for common country uses. The lakes, of which there are many, are
+    well stocked with trout. Malcolm catched one of four-and-twenty pounds
+    weight in the loch next to Dun Can, which, by the way, is certainly a
+    Danish name, as most names of places in these islands are.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The old castle, in which the family of Rasay formerly resided, is
+    situated upon a rock very near the sea. The rock is not one mass of
+    stone, but a concretion of pebbles and earth, so firm that it does not
+    appear to have mouldered. In this remnant of antiquity I found nothing
+    worthy of being noticed, except a certain accommodation rarely to be
+    found at the modern houses of Scotland, and which Dr. Johnson and I
+    sought for in vain at the Laird of Rasay's new built mansion, where
+    nothing else was wanting. I took the liberty to tell the Laird it was a
+    shame there should be such a deficiency in civilized times. He
+    acknowledged the justice of the remark. But perhaps some generations may
+    pass before the want is supplied. Dr. Johnson observed to me, how
+    quietly people will endure an evil, which they might at any time very
+    easily remedy; and mentioned as an instance, that the present family of
+    Rasay had possessed the island for more than four hundred years, and
+    never made a commodious landing place, though a few men with pickaxes
+    might have cut an ascent of stairs out of any part of the rock in a
+    week's time<a href="#note-506">[506]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The north end of Rasay is as rocky as the south end. From it I saw the
+    little isle of Fladda, belonging to Rasay, all fine green ground;&mdash;and
+    Rona, which is of so rocky a soil that it appears to be a pavement. I
+    was told however that it has a great deal of grass in the interstices.
+    The Laird has it all in his own hands. At this end of the island of
+    Rasay is a cave in a striking situation. It is in a recess of a great
+    cleft, a good way up from the sea. Before it the ocean roars, being
+    dashed against monstrous broken rocks; grand and aweful <i>propugnacula</i>.
+    On the right hand of it is a longitudinal cave, very low at the
+    entrance, but higher as you advance. The sea having scooped it out, it
+    seems strange and unaccountable that the interior part, where the water
+    must have operated with less force, should be loftier than that which is
+    more immediately exposed to its violence. The roof of it is all covered
+    with a kind of petrifications formed by drops, which perpetually distil
+    from it. The first cave has been a place of much safety. I find a great
+    difficulty in describing visible objects<a href="#note-507">[507]</a>. I must own too that the
+    old castle and cave, like many other things of which one hears much, did
+    not answer my expectations. People are every where apt to magnify the
+    curiosities of their country.
+</p>
+<p>
+    This island has abundance of black cattle, sheep, and goats;&mdash;a good
+    many horses, which are used for ploughing, carrying out dung, and other
+    works of husbandry. I believe the people never ride. There are indeed no
+    roads through the island, unless a few detached beaten tracks deserve
+    that name. Most of the houses are upon the shore; so that all the people
+    have little boats, and catch fish. There is great plenty of potatoes
+    here. There are black-cock in extraordinary abundance, moorfowl, plover
+    and wild pigeons, which seemed to me to be the same as we have in
+    pigeon-houses, in their state of nature. Rasay has no pigeon-house.
+    There are no hares nor rabbits in the island, nor was there ever known
+    to be a fox<a href="#note-508">[508]</a>, till last year, when one was landed on it by some
+    malicious person, without whose aid he could not have got thither, as
+    that animal is known to be a very bad swimmer. He has done much
+    mischief. There is a great deal of fish caught in the sea round Rasay;
+    it is a place where one may live in plenty, and even in luxury. There
+    are no deer; but Rasay told us he would get some.
+</p>
+<p>
+    They reckon it rains nine months in the year in this island, owing to
+    its being directly opposite to the western<a href="#note-509">[509]</a> coast of Sky, where the
+    watery clouds are broken by high mountains. The hills here, and indeed
+    all the heathy grounds in general, abound with the sweet-smelling plant
+    which the Highlanders call <i>gaul</i>, and (I think) with dwarf juniper in
+    many places. There is enough of turf, which is their fuel, and it is
+    thought there is a mine of coal.&mdash;Such are the observations which I made
+    upon the island of Rasay, upon comparing it with the description given
+    by Martin, whose book we had with us.
+</p>
+<p>
+    There has been an ancient league between the families of Macdonald and
+    Rasay. Whenever the head of either family dies, his sword is given to
+    the head of the other. The present Rasay has the late Sir James
+    Macdonald's sword. Old Rasay joined the Highland army in 1745, but
+    prudently guarded against a forfeiture, by previously conveying his
+    estate to the present gentleman, his eldest son<a href="#note-510">[510]</a>. On that occasion,
+    Sir Alexander, father of the late Sir James Macdonald, was very friendly
+    to his neighbour. 'Don't be afraid, Rasay,' said he; 'I'll use all my
+    interest to keep you safe; and if your estate should be taken, I'll buy
+    it for the family.'&mdash;And he would have done it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Let me now gather some gold dust,&mdash;some more fragments of Dr. Johnson's
+    conversation, without regard to order of time. He said, 'he thought very
+    highly of Bentley; that no man now went so far in the kinds of learning
+    that he cultivated<a href="#note-511">[511]</a>; that the many attacks on him were owing to
+    envy, and to a desire of being known, by being in competition with such
+    a man; that it was safe to attack him, because he never answered his
+    opponents, but let them die away<a href="#note-512">[512]</a>. It was attacking a man who would
+    not beat them, because his beating them would make them live the longer.
+    And he was right not to answer; for, in his hazardous method of writing,
+    he could not but be often enough wrong; so it was better to leave things
+    to their general appearance, than own himself to have erred in
+    particulars.' He said, 'Mallet was the prettiest drest puppet about
+    town, and always kept good company<a href="#note-513">[513]</a>. That, from his way of talking
+    he saw, and always said, that he had not written any part of the <i>Life
+    of the Duke of Marlborough</i>, though perhaps he intended to do it at some
+    time, in which case he was not culpable in taking the pension<a href="#note-514">[514]</a>. That
+    he imagined the Duchess furnished the materials for her <i>Apology</i>, which
+    Hooke wrote, and Hooke furnished the words and the order, and all that
+    in which the art of writing consists. That the duchess had not superior
+    parts, but was a bold frontless woman, who knew how to make the most of
+    her opportunities in life. That Hooke got a <i>large</i> sum of money for
+    writing her <i>Apology</i><a href="#note-515">[515]</a>. That he wondered Hooke should have been weak
+    enough to insert so profligate a maxim, as that to tell another's secret
+    to one's friend is no breach of confidence<a href="#note-516">[516]</a>; though perhaps Hooke,
+    who was a virtuous man<a href="#note-517">[517]</a>, as his <i>History</i> shews, and did not wish
+    her well, though he wrote her <i>Apology</i>, might see its ill tendency, and
+    yet insert it at her desire. He was acting only ministerially.' I
+    apprehended, however, that Hooke was bound to give his best advice. I
+    speak as a lawyer. Though I have had clients whose causes I could not,
+    as a private man, approve; yet, if I undertook them, I would not do any
+    thing that might be prejudicial to them, even at their desire, without
+    warning them of their danger.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_35"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 11.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    It was a storm of wind and rain; so we could not set out. I wrote some
+    of this <i>Journal</i>, and talked a while with Dr. Johnson in his room, and
+    passed the day, I cannot well say how, but very pleasantly. I was here
+    amused to find Mr. Cumberland's comedy of the <i>Fashionable Lover</i><a href="#note-518">[518]</a>,
+    in which he has very well drawn a Highland character, Colin M'Cleod, of
+    the same name with the family under whose roof we now were. Dr. Johnson
+    was much pleased with the Laird of Macleod, who is indeed a most
+    promising youth, and with a noble spirit struggles with difficulties,
+    and endeavours to preserve his people. He has been left with an
+    incumbrance of forty thousand pounds debt, and annuities to the amount
+    of thirteen hundred pounds a year. Dr. Johnson said, 'If he gets the
+    better of all this, he'll be a hero; and I hope he will<a href="#note-519">[519]</a>. I have
+    not met with a young man who had more desire to learn, or who has learnt
+    more. I have seen nobody that I wish more to do a kindness to than
+    Macleod.' Such was the honourable elogium, on this young chieftain,
+    pronounced by an accurate observer, whose praise was never
+    lightly bestowed.
+</p>
+<p>
+    There is neither justice of peace, nor constable in Rasay. Sky has Mr.
+    M'Cleod of Ulinish, who is the sheriff substitute, and no other justice
+    of peace. The want of the execution of justice is much felt among the
+    islanders. Macleod very sensibly observed, that taking away the
+    heritable jurisdictions<a href="#note-520">[520]</a> had not been of such service in the islands
+    as was imagined. They had not authority enough in lieu of them. What
+    could formerly have been settled at once, must now either take much time
+    and trouble, or be neglected. Dr. Johnson said, 'A country is in a bad
+    state which is governed only by laws; because a thousand things occur
+    for which laws cannot provide, and where authority ought to interpose.
+    Now destroying the authority of the chiefs set the people loose. It did
+    not pretend to bring any positive good, but only to cure some evil; and
+    I am not well enough acquainted with the country to know what degree of
+    evil the heritable jurisdictions occasioned<a href="#note-521">[521]</a>.' I maintained hardly
+    any; because the chiefs generally acted right, for their own sakes.
+    Dr. Johnson was now wishing to move. There was not enough of
+    intellectual entertainment for him, after he had satisfied his
+    curiosity, which he did, by asking questions, till he had exhausted the
+    island; and where there was so numerous a company, mostly young people,
+    there was such a flow of familiar talk, so much noise, and so much
+    singing and dancing, that little opportunity was left for his energetick
+    conversation<a href="#note-522">[522]</a>. He seemed sensible of this; for when I told him how
+    happy they were at having him there, he said, 'Yet we have not been able
+    to entertain them much.' I was fretted, from irritability of nerves, by
+    M'Cruslick's too obstreperous mirth. I complained of it to my friend,
+    observing we should be better if he was, gone. 'No, Sir (said he). He
+    puts something into our society, and takes nothing out of it.' Dr.
+    Johnson, however, had several opportunities of instructing the company;
+    but I am sorry to say, that I did not pay sufficient attention to what
+    passed, as his discourse now turned chiefly on mechanicks, agriculture
+    and such subjects, rather than on science and wit. Last night Lady Rasay
+    shewed him the operation of <i>wawking</i> cloth, that is, thickening it in
+    the same manner as is done by a mill. Here it is performed by women, who
+    kneel upon the ground, and rub it with both their hands, singing an Erse
+    song all the time. He was asking questions while they were performing
+    this operation, and, amidst their loud and wild howl, his voice was
+    heard even in the room above<a href="#note-523">[523]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    They dance here every night. The queen of our ball was the eldest Miss
+    Macleod, of Rasay, an elegant well-bred woman, and celebrated for her
+    beauty over all those regions, by the name of Miss Flora Rasay<a href="#note-524">[524]</a>.
+    There seemed to be no jealousy, no discontent among them; and the gaiety
+    of the scene was such, that I for a moment doubted whether unhappiness
+    had any place in Rasay. But my delusion was soon dispelled, by
+    recollecting the following lines of my fellow-traveller:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Yet hope not life from pain or danger free,
+      Or think the doom of man revers'd for thee<a href="#note-525">[525]</a>!'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<a name="2H_4_36"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 12.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    It was a beautiful day, and although we did not approve of travelling on
+    Sunday, we resolved to set out, as we were in an island from whence one
+    must take occasion as it serves. Macleod and Talisker sailed in a boat
+    of Rasay's for Sconser, to take the shortest way to Dunvegan. M'Cruslick
+    went with them to Sconser, from whence he was to go to Slate, and so to
+    the main land. We were resolved to pay a visit at Kingsburgh, and see
+    the celebrated Miss Flora Macdonald, who is married to the present Mr.
+    Macdonald of Kingsburgh; so took that road, though not so near. All the
+    family, but Lady Rasay, walked down to the shore to see us depart. Rasay
+    himself went with us in a large boat, with eight oars, built in his
+    island<a href="#note-526">[526]</a>; as did Mr. Malcolm M'Cleod, Mr. Donald M'Queen, Dr.
+    Macleod, and some others. We had a most pleasant sail between Rasay and
+    Sky; and passed by a cave, where Martin says fowls were caught by
+    lighting fire in the mouth of it. Malcolm remembers this. But it is not
+    now practised, as few fowls come into it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We spoke of Death. Dr. Johnson on this subject observed, that the
+    boastings of some men, as to dying easily, were idle talk<a href="#note-527">[527]</a>,
+    proceeding from partial views. I mentioned Hawthornden's
+    <i>Cypress-grove</i>, where it is said that the world is a mere show; and
+    that it is unreasonable for a man to wish to continue in the show-room,
+    after he has seen it. Let him go cheerfully out, and give place to other
+    spectators<a href="#note-528">[528]</a>. JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir, if he is sure he is to be well,
+    after he goes out of it. But if he is to grow blind after he goes out of
+    the show-room, and never to see any thing again; or if he does not know
+    whither he is to go next, a man will not go cheerfully out of a
+    show-room. No wise man will be contented to die, if he thinks he is to
+    go into a state of punishment. Nay, no wise man will be contented to
+    die, if he thinks he is to fall into annihilation: for however unhappy
+    any man's existence may be, he yet would rather have it, than not exist
+    at all<a href="#note-529">[529]</a>. No; there is no rational principle by which a man can die
+    contented, but a trust in the mercy of GOD, through the merits of Jesus
+    Christ.' This short sermon, delivered with an earnest tone, in a boat
+    upon the sea, which was perfectly calm, on a day appropriated to
+    religious worship, while every one listened with an air of satisfaction,
+    had a most pleasing effect upon my mind.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Pursuing the same train of serious reflection, he added that it seemed
+    certain that happiness could not be found in this life, because so many
+    had tried to find it, in such a variety of ways, and had not found it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We reached the harbour of Portree, in Sky, which is a large and good
+    one. There was lying in it a vessel to carry off the emigrants called
+    the <i>Nestor</i>. It made a short settlement of the differences between a
+    chief and his clan:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     '&mdash;&mdash;-<i>Nestor</i> componere lites
+      Inter Peleiden festinat &amp; inter Atriden.'<a href="#note-530">[530]</a>
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    We approached her, and she hoisted her colours. Dr. Johnson
+    and Mr. McQueen remained in the boat: Rasay and I, and the
+    rest went on board of her. She was a very pretty vessel, and, as
+    we were told, the largest in Clyde. Mr. Harrison, the captain,
+    shewed her to us. The cabin was commodious, and even elegant.
+    There was a little library, finely bound. <i>Portree</i> has its name
+    from King James the Fifth having landed there in his tour
+    through the Western Isles, <i>Ree</i> in Erse being King, as <i>Re</i> is in
+    Italian; so it is <i>Port Royal</i>. There was here a tolerable inn.
+    On our landing, I had the pleasure of finding a letter from
+    home; and there were also letters to Dr. Johnson and me, from
+    Lord Elibank<a href="#note-531">[531]</a>, which had been sent after us from Edinburgh.
+    His Lordship's letter to me was as follows:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+    'DEAR BOSWELL,
+</center>
+<p>
+    'I flew to Edinburgh the moment I heard of Mr. Johnson's arrival; but so
+    defective was my intelligence, that I came too late. 'It is but justice
+    to believe, that I could never forgive myself, nor deserve to be
+    forgiven by others, if I was to fail in any mark of respect to that very
+    great genius.&mdash;I hold him in the highest veneration; for that very
+    reason I was resolved to take no share in the merit, perhaps guilt, of
+    inticing him to honour this country with a visit.&mdash;I could not persuade
+    myself there was any thing in Scotland worthy to have a Summer of Samuel
+    Johnson bestowed on it; but since he has done us that compliment, for
+    heaven's sake inform me of your motions. I will attend them most
+    religiously; and though I should regret to let Mr. Johnson go a mile out
+    of his way on my account, old as I am,<a href="#note-532">[532]</a> I shall be glad to go five
+    hundred miles to enjoy a day of his company. Have the charity to send a
+    council-post<a href="#note-533">[533]</a> with intelligence; the post does not suit us in the
+    country.&mdash;At any rate write to me. I will attend you in the north, when
+    I shall know where to find you.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     I am,
+     My dear Boswell,
+     Your sincerely
+     Obedient humble servant,
+     'ELIBANK.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    'August 21st, 1773.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    The letter to Dr. Johnson was in these words:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+    'DEAR SIR,
+</center>
+<p>
+    'I was to have kissed your hands at Edinburgh, the moment I heard of
+    you; but you was gone.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I hope my friend Boswell will inform me of your motions. It will be
+    cruel to deprive me an instant of the honour of attending you. As I
+    value you more than any King in Christendom, I will perform that duty
+    with infinitely greater alacrity than any courtier. I can contribute but
+    little to your entertainment; but, my sincere esteem for you gives me
+    some title to the opportunity of expressing it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I dare say you are by this time sensible that things are pretty much
+    the same, as when Buchanan complained of being born <i>solo et seculo
+    inerudito</i>. Let me hear of you, and be persuaded that none of your
+    admirers is more sincerely devoted to you, than,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Dear Sir,
+         Your most obedient,
+             And most humble servant,
+                      'ELIBANK.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson, on the following Tuesday, answered for both of us, thus:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'My LORD, 'On the rugged shore of Skie, I had the honour of your
+    Lordship's letter, and can with great truth declare, that no place is so
+    gloomy but that it would be cheered by such a testimony of regard, from
+    a mind so well qualified to estimate characters, and to deal out
+    approbation in its due proportions. If I have more than my share, it is
+    your Lordship's fault; for I have always reverenced your judgment too
+    much, to exalt myself in your presence by any false pretensions.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Mr. Boswell and I are at present at the disposal of the winds, and
+    therefore cannot fix the time at which we shall have the honour of
+    seeing your lordship. But we should either of us think ourselves injured
+    by the supposition that we would miss your lordship's conversation, when
+    we could enjoy it; for I have often declared that I never met you
+    without going away a wiser man.<a href="#note-534">[534]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+    'I am, my Lord,
+     Your Lordship's most obedient
+     And most humble servant,
+     Skie, Sept. 14, 1773.'   'SAM. JOHNSON.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    At Portree, Mr. Donald McQueen went to church and officiated in Erse,
+    and then came to dinner. Dr. Johnson and I resolved that we should treat
+    the company, so I played the landlord, or master of the feast, having
+    previously ordered Joseph to pay the bill.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Sir James Macdonald intended to have built a village here, which would
+    have done great good. A village is like a heart to a country. It
+    produces a perpetual circulation, and gives the people an opportunity to
+    make profit of many little articles, which would otherwise be in a good
+    measure lost. We had here a dinner, <i>et praeterea nihil</i>. Dr. Johnson
+    did not talk. When we were about to depart, we found that Rasay had been
+    beforehand with us, and that all was paid: I would fain have contested
+    this matter with him, but seeing him resolved, I declined it. We parted
+    with cordial embraces from him and worthy Malcolm. In the evening Dr.
+    Johnson and I remounted our horses, accompanied by Mr. McQueen and Dr.
+    Macleod. It rained very hard. We rode what they call six miles, upon
+    Rasay's lands in Sky, to Dr. Macleod's house. On the road Dr. Johnson
+    appeared to be somewhat out of spirits. When I talked of our meeting
+    Lord Elibank, he said, 'I cannot be with him much. I long to be again in
+    civilized life; but can stay but a short while;' (he meant at
+    Edinburgh.) He said, 'let us go to Dunvegan to-morrow.' 'Yes, (said I,)
+    if it is not a deluge.' 'At any rate,' he replied. This shewed a kind of
+    fretful impatience; nor was it to be wondered at, considering our
+    disagreeable ride. I feared he would give up Mull and Icolmkill, for he
+    said something of his apprehensions of being detained by bad weather in
+    going to Mull and <i>Iona</i>. However I hoped well. We had a dish of tea at
+    Dr. Macleod's, who had a pretty good house, where was his brother, a
+    half-pay officer. His lady was a polite, agreeable woman. Dr. Johnson
+    said, he was glad to see that he was so well married, for he had an
+    esteem for physicians.<a href="#note-535">[535]</a> The doctor accompanied us to Kingsburgh,
+    which is called a mile farther; but the computation of Sky has no
+    connection whatever with real distance.<a href="#note-536">[536]</a>  I was highly pleased to
+    see Dr. Johnson safely arrived at Kingsburgh, and received by the
+    hospitable Mr. Macdonald, who, with a most respectful attention,
+    supported him into the house. Kingsburgh was completely the figure of a
+    gallant Highlander,&mdash;exhibiting 'the graceful mien and manly
+    looks<a href="#note-537">[537]</a>,' which our popular Scotch song has justly attributed to that
+    character. He had his Tartan plaid thrown about him, a large blue bonnet
+    with a knot of black ribband like a cockade, a brown short coat of a
+    kind of duffil, a Tartan waistcoat with gold buttons and gold
+    button-holes, a bluish philibeg, and Tartan hose. He had jet black hair
+    tied behind, and was a large stately man, with a steady sensible
+    countenance.
+</p>
+<p>
+    There was a comfortable parlour with a good fire, and a dram went round.
+    By and by supper was served, at which there appeared the lady of the
+    house, the celebrated Miss Flora Macdonald. She is a little woman, of a
+    genteel appearance, and uncommonly mild and well-bred<a href="#note-538">[538]</a>. To see Dr.
+    Samuel Johnson, the great champion of the English Tories, salute Miss
+    Flora Macdonald in the isle of Sky, was a striking sight; for though
+    somewhat congenial in their notions, it was very improbable they should
+    meet here.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Miss Flora Macdonald (for so I shall call her) told me, she heard upon
+    the main land, as she was returning home about a fortnight before, that
+    Mr. Boswell was coming to Sky, and one Mr. Johnson, a young English
+    buck<a href="#note-539">[539]</a>, with him. He was highly entertained with this fancy. Giving
+    an account of the afternoon which we passed, at <i>Anock</i>, he said, 'I,
+    being a <i>buck</i>, had miss<a href="#note-540">[540]</a> in to make tea.' He was rather quiescent
+    to-night, and went early to bed. I was in a cordial humour, and promoted
+    a cheerful glass. The punch was excellent. Honest Mr. M'Queen observed
+    that I was in high glee, 'my <i>governour</i><a href="#note-541">[541]</a> being gone to bed.' Yet in
+    reality my heart was grieved, when I recollected that Kingsburgh was
+    embarrassed in his affairs, and intended to go to America<a href="#note-542">[542]</a>. However,
+    nothing but what was good was present, and I pleased myself in thinking
+    that so spirited a man would be well every where. I slept in the same
+    room with Dr. Johnson. Each had a neat bed, with Tartan curtains, in an
+    upper chamber.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_37"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 13.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    The room where we lay was a celebrated one. Dr. Johnson's bed was the
+    very bed in which the grandson of the unfortunate King James the
+    Second<a href="#note-543">[543]</a> lay, on one of the nights after the failure of his rash
+    attempt in 1745-6, while he was eluding the pursuit of the emissaries of
+    government, which had offered thirty thousand pounds as a reward for
+    apprehending him. To see Dr. Samuel Johnson lying in that bed, in the
+    isle of Sky, in the house of Miss Flora Macdonald, struck me with such a
+    group of ideas as it is not easy for words to describe, as they passed
+    through the mind. He smiled, and said, 'I have had no ambitious thoughts
+    in it<a href="#note-544">[544]</a>.' The room was decorated with a great variety of maps and
+    prints. Among others, was Hogarth's print of Wilkes grinning, with a cap
+    of liberty on a pole by him. That too was a curious circumstance in the
+    scene this morning; such a contrast was Wilkes to the above groupe. It
+    reminded me of Sir William Chambers's <i>Account of Oriental
+    Gardening</i><a href="#note-545">[545]</a>, in which we are told all odd, strange, ugly, and even
+    terrible objects, are introduced for the sake of variety; a wild
+    extravagance of taste which is so well ridiculed in the celebrated
+    Epistle to him<a href="#note-546">[546]</a>. The following lines of that poem immediately
+    occurred to me;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Here too, O king of vengeance! in thy fane,
+      Tremendous Wilkes shall rattle his gold chain<a href="#note-547">[547]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Upon the table in our room I found in the morning a slip of paper, on
+    which Dr. Johnson had written with his pencil these words,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Quantum cedat virtutibus aurum<a href="#note-548">[548]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    What he meant by writing them I could not tell<a href="#note-549">[549]</a>. He had caught cold
+    a day or two ago, and the rain yesterday having made it worse, he was
+    become very deaf. At breakfast he said, he would have given a good deal
+    rather than not have lain in that bed. I owned he was the lucky man; and
+    observed, that without doubt it had been contrived between Mrs.
+    Macdonald and him. She seemed to acquiesce; adding, 'You know young
+    <i>bucks</i> are always favourites of the ladies.' He spoke of Prince Charles
+    being here, and asked Mrs. Macdonald, '<i>Who</i> was with him? We were told,
+    madam, in England, there was one Miss Flora Macdonald with him.' She
+    said, 'they were very right;' and perceiving Dr. Johnson's curiosity,
+    though he had delicacy enough not to question her, very obligingly
+    entertained him with a recital of the particulars which she herself knew
+    of that escape, which does so much honour to the humanity, fidelity, and
+    generosity of the Highlanders. Dr. Johnson listened to her with placid
+    attention, and said, 'All this should be written down.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    From what she told us, and from what I was told by others personally
+    concerned, and from a paper of information which Rasay was so good as to
+    send me, at my desire, I have compiled the following abstract, which, as
+    it contains some curious anecdotes, will, I imagine, not be
+    uninteresting to my readers, and even, perhaps, be of some use to future
+    historians.
+</p>
+<hr>
+<p>
+    Prince Charles Edward, after the battle of Culloden, was conveyed to
+    what is called the <i>Long Island</i>, where he lay for some time concealed.
+    But intelligence having been obtained where he was, and a number of
+    troops having come in quest of him, it became absolutely necessary for
+    him to quit that country without delay. Miss Flora Macdonald, then a
+    young lady, animated by what she thought the sacred principle of
+    loyalty, offered, with the magnanimity of a Heroine, to accompany him in
+    an open boat to Sky, though the coast they were to quit was guarded by
+    ships. He dressed himself in women's clothes, and passed as her supposed
+    maid, by the name of Betty Bourke, an Irish girl. They got off
+    undiscovered, though several shots were fired to bring them to, and
+    landed at Mugstot, the seat of Sir Alexander Macdonald. Sir Alexander
+    was then at Fort Augustus, with the Duke of Cumberland; but his lady was
+    at home. Prince Charles took his post upon a hill near the house. Flora
+    Macdonald waited on lady Margaret<a href="#note-550">[550]</a>, and acquainted her of the
+    enterprise in which she was engaged. Her ladyship, whose active
+    benevolence was ever seconded by superior talents, shewed a perfect
+    presence of mind, and readiness of invention, and at once settled that
+    Prince Charles should be conducted to old Rasay, who was himself
+    concealed with some select friends. The plan was instantly communicated
+    to Kingsburgh, who was dispatched to the hill to inform the Wanderer,
+    and carry him refreshments. When Kingsburgh approached, he started up,
+    and advanced, holding a large knotted stick, and in appearance ready to
+    knock him down, till he said, 'I am Macdonald of Kingsburgh, come to
+    serve your highness.' The Wanderer answered, 'It is well,' and was
+    satisfied with the plan.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Flora Macdonald dined with Lady Margaret, at whose table there sat an
+    officer of the army, stationed here with a party of soldiers, to watch
+    for Prince Charles in case of his flying to the isle of Sky. She
+    afterwards often laughed in good-humour with this gentleman, on her
+    having so well deceived him.  After dinner, Flora Macdonald on
+    horseback, and her supposed maid, and Kingsburgh, with a servant
+    carrying some linen, all on foot, proceeded towards that gentleman's
+    house. Upon the road was a small rivulet which they were obliged to
+    cross. The Wanderer, forgetting his assumed sex, that his clothes might
+    not be wet, held them up a great deal too high. Kingsburgh mentioned
+    this to him, observing, it might make a discovery. He said, he would be
+    more careful for the future. He was as good as his word; for the next
+    brook they crossed, he did not hold up his clothes at all, but let them
+    float upon the water. He was very awkward in his female dress. His size
+    was so large, and his strides so great, that some women whom they met
+    reported that they had seen a very big woman, who looked like a man in
+    woman's clothes, and that perhaps it was (as they expressed themselves)
+    the <i>Prince</i>, after whom so much search was making.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At Kingsburgh he met with a most cordial reception; seemed gay at
+    supper, and after it indulged himself in a cheerful glass with his
+    worthy host. As he had not had his clothes off for a long time, the
+    comfort of a good bed was highly relished by him, and he slept soundly
+    till next day at one o'clock.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The mistress of Corrichatachin told me, that in the forenoon she went
+    into her father's room, who was also in bed, and suggested to him her
+    apprehensions that a party of the military might come up, and that his
+    guest and he had better not remain here too long. Her father said, 'Let
+    the poor man repose himself after his fatigues; and as for me, I care
+    not, though they take off this old grey head ten or eleven years sooner
+    than I should die in the course of nature.' He then wrapped himself in
+    the bed-clothes, and again fell fast asleep.
+</p>
+<p>
+    On the afternoon of that day, the Wanderer, still in the same dress, set
+    out for Portree, with Flora Macdonald and a man servant. His shoes being
+    very bad, Kingsburgh provided him with a new pair, and taking up the old
+    ones, said, 'I will faithfully keep them till you are safely settled at
+    St. James's. I will then introduce myself by shaking them at you, to put
+    you in mind of your night's entertainment and protection under my roof.'
+    He smiled, and said, 'Be as good as your word!' Kingsburgh kept the
+    shoes as long as he lived. After his death, a zealous Jacobite gentleman
+    gave twenty guineas for them.  Old Mrs. Macdonald, after her guest had
+    left the house, took the sheets in which he had lain, folded them
+    carefully, and charged her daughter that they should be kept unwashed,
+    and that, when she died, her body should be wrapped in them as a winding
+    sheet. Her will was religiously observed.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Upon the road to Portree, Prince Charles changed his dress, and put on
+    man's clothes again; a tartan short coat and waistcoat, with philibeg
+    and short hose, a plaid, and a wig and bonnet.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Donald M'Donald, called Donald Roy, had been sent express to the
+    present Rasay, then the young laird, who was at that time at his
+    sister's house, about three miles from Portree, attending his brother,
+    Dr. Macleod, who was recovering of a wound he had received at the battle
+    of Culloden. Mr. M'Donald communicated to young Rasay the plan of
+    conveying the Wanderer to where old Rasay was; but was told that old
+    Rasay had fled to Knoidart, a part of Glengary's estate. There was then
+    a dilemma what should be done. Donald Roy proposed that he should
+    conduct the Wanderer to the main land; but young Rasay thought it too
+    dangerous at that time, and said it would be better to conceal him in
+    the island of Rasay, till old Rasay could be informed where he was, and
+    give his advice what was best. But the difficulty was, how to get him to
+    Rasay. They could not trust a Portree crew, and all the Rasay boats had
+    been destroyed, or carried off by the military, except two belonging to
+    Malcolm M'Leod, which he had concealed somewhere.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Macleod being informed of this difficulty, said he would risk his
+    life once more for Prince Charles; and it having occurred, that there
+    was a little boat upon a fresh-water lake in the neighbourhood, young
+    Rasay and Dr. Macleod, with the help of some women, brought it to the
+    sea, by extraordinary exertion, across a Highland mile of land, one half
+    of which was bog, and the other a steep precipice.
+</p>
+<p>
+    These gallant brothers, with the assistance of one little boy, rowed the
+    small boat to Rasay, where they were to endeavour to find Captain
+    M'Leod, as Malcolm was then called, and get one of his good boats, with
+    which they might return to Portree, and receive the Wanderer; or, in
+    case of not finding him, they were to make the small boat serve, though
+    the danger was considerable.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Fortunately, on their first landing, they found their cousin Malcolm,
+    who, with the utmost alacrity, got ready one of his boats, with two
+    strong men, John M'Kenzie, and Donald M'Friar. Malcolm, being the oldest
+    man, and most cautious, said, that as young Rasay had not hitherto
+    appeared in the unfortunate business, he ought not to run any risk; but
+    that Dr. Macleod and himself, who were already publickly engaged, should
+    go on this expedition. Young Rasay answered, with an oath, that he would
+    go, at the risk of his life and fortune. 'In GOD'S name then (said
+    Malcolm) let us proceed.' The two boatmen, however, now stopped short,
+    till they should be informed of their destination; and M'Kenzie declared
+    he would not move an oar till he knew where they were going. Upon which
+    they were both sworn to secrecy; and the business being imparted to
+    them, they were eager to put off to sea without loss of time. The boat
+    soon landed about half a mile from the inn at Portree.
+</p>
+<p>
+    All this was negotiated before the Wanderer got forward to Portree.
+    Malcolm M'Leod and M'Friar were dispatched to look for him. In a short
+    time he appeared, and went into the publick house. Here Donald Roy, whom
+    he had seen at Mugstot, received him, and informed him of what had been
+    concerted. He wanted silver for a guinea, but the landlord had only
+    thirteen shillings. He was going to accept of this for his guinea; but
+    Donald Roy very judiciously observed, that it would discover him to be
+    some great man; so he desisted. He slipped out of the house, leaving his
+    fair protectress, whom he never again saw; and Malcolm Macleod was
+    presented to him by Donald Roy, as a captain in his army. Young Rasay
+    and Dr. Macleod had waited, in impatient anxiety, in the boat. When he
+    came, their names were announced to him. He would not permit the usual
+    ceremonies of respect, but saluted them as his equals.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Donald Roy staid in Sky, to be in readiness to get intelligence, and
+    give an alarm in case the troops should discover the retreat to Rasay;
+    and Prince Charles was then conveyed in a boat to that island in the
+    night. He slept a little upon the passage, and they landed about
+    day-break. There was some difficulty in accommodating him with a
+    lodging, as almost all the houses in the island had been burnt by the
+    soldiery. They repaired to a little hut, which some shepherds had lately
+    built, and having prepared it as well as they could, and made a bed of
+    heath for the stranger, they kindled a fire, and partook of some
+    provisions which had been sent with him from Kingsburgh. It was
+    observed, that he would not taste wheat-bread, or brandy, while
+    oat-bread and whisky lasted; 'for these, said he, are my own country
+    bread and drink.'&mdash;This was very engaging to the Highlanders.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Young Rasay being the only person of the company that durst appear with
+    safety, he went in quest of something fresh for them to eat: but though
+    he was amidst his own cows, sheep, and goats, he could not venture to
+    take any of them for fear of a discovery, but was obliged to supply
+    himself by stealth. He therefore caught a kid, and brought it to the hut
+    in his plaid, and it was killed and drest, and furnished them a meal
+    which they relished much. The distressed Wanderer, whose health was now
+    a good deal impaired by hunger, fatigue, and watching, slept a long
+    time, but seemed to be frequently disturbed. Malcolm told me he would
+    start from broken slumbers, and speak to himself in different languages,
+    French, Italian, and English. I must however acknowledge, that it is
+    highly probable that my worthy friend Malcolm did not know precisely the
+    difference between French and Italian. One of his expressions in English
+    was, 'O GOD! poor Scotland!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    While they were in the hut, M'Kenzie and M'Friar, the two boatmen, were
+    placed as sentinels upon different eminences; and one day an incident
+    happened, which must not be omitted. There was a man wandering about the
+    island, selling tobacco. Nobody knew him, and he was suspected to be a
+    spy. M'Kenzie came running to the hut, and told that this suspected
+    person was approaching. Upon which the three gentlemen, young Rasay, Dr.
+    Macleod, and Malcolm, held a council of war upon him, and were
+    unanimously of opinion that he should instantly be put to death. Prince
+    Charles, at once assuming a grave and even severe countenance, said,
+    'God forbid that we should take away a man's life, who may be innocent,
+    while we can preserve our own.' The gentlemen however persisted in their
+    resolution, while he as strenuously continued to take the merciful side.
+    John M'Kenzie, who sat watching at the door of the hut, and overheard
+    the debate, said in Erse, 'Well, well; he must be shot. You are the
+    king, but we are the parliament, and will do what we choose.' Prince
+    Charles, seeing the gentlemen smile, asked what the man had said, and
+    being told it in English, he observed that he was a clever fellow, and,
+    notwithstanding the perilous situation in which he was, laughed loud and
+    heartily. Luckily the unknown person did not perceive that there were
+    people in the hut, at least did not come to it, but walked on past it,
+    unknowing of his risk. It was afterwards found out that he was one of
+    the Highland army, who was himself in danger. Had he come to them, they
+    were resolved to dispatch him; for, as Malcolm said to me, 'We could not
+    keep him with us, and we durst not let him go. In such a situation, I
+    would have shot my brother, if I had not been sure of him.' John
+    M'Kenzie was at Rasay's house when we were there<a href="#note-551">[551]</a>. About eighteen
+    years before, he hurt one of his legs when dancing, and being obliged to
+    have it cut off, he now was going about with a wooden leg. The story of
+    his being a <i>member of parliament</i> is not yet forgotten. I took him out
+    a little way from the house, gave him a shilling to drink Rasay's
+    health, and led him into a detail of the particulars which I have just
+    related. With less foundation, some writers have traced the idea of a
+    parliament, and of the British constitution, in rude and early times. I
+    was curious to know if he had really heard, or understood, any thing of
+    that subject, which, had he been a greater man, would probably have been
+    eagerly maintained. 'Why, John, (said I,) did you think the king should
+    be controuled by a parliament?' He answered, 'I thought, Sir, there were
+    many voices against one.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    The conversation then turning on the times, the Wanderer said, that, to
+    be sure, the life he had led of late was a very hard one; but he would
+    rather live in the way he now did, for ten years, than fall into the
+    hands of his enemies. The gentlemen asked him, what he thought his
+    enemies would do with him, should he have the misfortune to fall into
+    their hands. He said, he did not believe they would dare to take his
+    life publickly, but he dreaded being privately destroyed by poison or
+    assassination. He was very particular in his inquiries about the wound
+    which Dr. Macleod had received at the battle of Culloden, from a ball
+    which entered at one shoulder, and went cross to the other. The doctor
+    happened still to have on the coat which he wore on that occasion. He
+    mentioned, that he himself had his horse shot under him at Culloden;
+    that the ball hit the horse about two inches from his knee, and made him
+    so unruly that he was obliged to change him for another. He threw out
+    some reflections on the conduct of the disastrous affair at Culloden,
+    saying, however, that perhaps it was rash in him to do so. I am now
+    convinced that his suspicions were groundless; for I have had a good
+    deal of conversation upon the subject with my very worthy and ingenious
+    friend, Mr. Andrew Lumisden, who was under secretary to Prince Charles,
+    and afterwards principal secretary to his father at Rome, who, he
+    assured me, was perfectly satisfied both of the abilities and honour of
+    the generals who commanded the Highland army on that occasion. Mr.
+    Lumisden has written an account of the three battles in 1745-6, at once
+    accurate and classical<a href="#note-552">[552]</a>. Talking of the different Highland corps,
+    the gentlemen who were present wished to have his opinion which were the
+    best soldiers. He said, he did not like comparisons among those corps:
+    they were all best.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He told his conductors, he did not think it advisable to remain long in
+    any one place; and that he expected a French ship to come for him to
+    Lochbroom, among the Mackenzies. It then was proposed to carry him in
+    one of Malcolm's boats to Lochbroom, though the distance was fifteen
+    leagues coastwise. But he thought this would be too dangerous, and
+    desired that, at any rate, they might first endeavour to obtain
+    intelligence. Upon which young Rasay wrote to his friend, Mr. M'Kenzie
+    of Applecross, but received an answer, that there was no appearance of
+    any French ship.  It was therefore resolved that they should return to
+    Sky, which they did, and landed in Strath, where they reposed in a
+    cow-house belonging to Mr. Niccolson of Scorbreck. The sea was very
+    rough, and the boat took in a good deal of water. The Wanderer asked if
+    there was danger, as he was not used to such a vessel. Upon being told
+    there was not, he sung an Erse song with much vivacity. He had by this
+    time acquired a good deal of the Erse language.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Young Rasay was now dispatched to where Donald Roy was, that they might
+    get all the intelligence they could; and the Wanderer, with much
+    earnestness, charged Dr. Macleod to have a boat ready, at a certain
+    place about seven miles off, as he said he intended it should carry him
+    upon a matter of great consequence; and gave the doctor a case,
+    containing a silver spoon, knife, and fork, saying, 'keep you that till
+    I see you,' which the doctor understood to be two days from that time.
+    But all these orders were only blinds; for he had another plan in his
+    head, but wisely thought it safest to trust his secrets to no more
+    persons than was absolutely necessary. Having then desired Malcolm to
+    walk with him a little way from the house, he soon opened his mind,
+    saying, 'I deliver myself to you. Conduct me to the Laird of M'Kinnon's
+    country.' Malcolm objected that it was very dangerous, as so many
+    parties of soldiers were in motion. He answered, 'There is nothing now
+    to be done without danger.' He then said, that Malcolm must be the
+    master, and he the servant; so he took the bag, in which his linen was
+    put up, and carried it on his shoulder; and observing that his
+    waistcoat, which was of scarlet tartan, with a gold twist button, was
+    finer than Malcolm's, which was of a plain ordinary tartan, he put on
+    Malcolm's waistcoat, and gave him his; remarking at the same time, that
+    it did not look well that the servant should be better dressed than
+    the master.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Malcolm, though an excellent walker, found himself excelled by Prince
+    Charles, who told him, he should not much mind the parties that were
+    looking for him, were he once but a musket shot from them; but that he
+    was somewhat afraid of the Highlanders who were against him. He was well
+    used to walking in Italy, in pursuit of game; and he was even now so
+    keen a sportsman, that, having observed some partridges, he was going
+    to take a shot: but Malcolm cautioned him against it, observing that the
+    firing might be heard by the tenders<a href="#note-553">[553]</a> who were hovering upon
+    the coast.
+</p>
+<p>
+    As they proceeded through the mountains, taking many a circuit to avoid
+    any houses, Malcolm, to try his resolution, asked him what they should
+    do, should they fall in with a party of soldiers: he answered, 'Fight,
+    to be sure!' Having asked Malcolm if he should be known in his present
+    dress, and Malcolm having replied he would, he said, 'Then I'll blacken
+    my face with powder.' 'That, said Malcolm, would discover you at once.'
+    'Then, said he, I must be put in the greatest dishabille possible.' So
+    he pulled off his wig, tied a handkerchief round his head, and put his
+    night-cap over it, tore the ruffles from his shirt, took the buckles out
+    of his shoes, and made Malcolm fasten them with strings; but still
+    Malcolm thought he would be known. 'I have so odd a face, (said he) that
+    no man ever saw me but he would know me again<a href="#note-554">[554]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He seemed unwilling to give credit to the horrid narrative of men being
+    massacred in cold blood, after victory had declared for the army
+    commanded by the Duke of Cumberland. He could not allow himself to think
+    that a general could be so barbarous<a href="#note-555">[555]</a>.  When they came within two
+    miles of M'Kinnon's house, Malcolm asked if he chose to see the laird.
+    'No, (said he) by no means. I know M'Kinnon to be as good and as honest
+    a man as any in the world, but he is not fit for my purpose at present.
+    You must conduct me to some other house; but let it be a gentleman's
+    house.' Malcolm then determined that they should go to the house of his
+    brother-in-law, Mr. John M'Kinnon, and from thence be conveyed to the
+    main land of Scotland, and claim the assistance of Macdonald of
+    Scothouse. The Wanderer at first objected to this, because Scothouse was
+    cousin to a person of whom he had suspicions. But he acquiesced in
+    Malcolm's opinion.
+</p>
+<p>
+    When they were near Mr. John M'Kinnon's house, they met a man of the
+    name of Ross, who had been a private soldier in the Highland army. He
+    fixed his eyes steadily on the Wanderer in his disguise, and having at
+    once recognized him, he clapped his hands, and exclaimed, 'Alas! is this
+    the case?' Finding that there was now a discovery, Malcolm asked 'What's
+    to be done?' 'Swear him to secrecy,' answered Prince Charles. Upon which
+    Malcolm drew his dirk, and on the naked blade, made him take a solemn
+    oath, that he would say nothing of his having seen the Wanderer, till
+    his escape should be made publick.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Malcolm's sister, whose house they reached pretty early in the morning,
+    asked him who the person was that was along with him. He said it was one
+    Lewis Caw, from Crieff, who being a fugitive like himself, for the same
+    reason, he had engaged him as his servant, but that he had fallen sick.
+    'Poor man! (said she) I pity him. At the same time my heart warms to a
+    man of his appearance.' Her husband was gone a little way from home; but
+    was expected every minute to return. She set down to her brother a
+    plentiful Highland breakfast. Prince Charles acted the servant very
+    well, sitting at a respectful distance, with his bonnet off. Malcolm
+    then said to him, 'Mr. Caw, you have as much need of this as I have;
+    there is enough for us both: you had better draw nearer and share with
+    me.' Upon which he rose, made a profound bow, sat down at table with his
+    supposed master, and eat very heartily. After this there came in an old
+    woman, who, after the mode of ancient hospitality, brought warm water,
+    and washed Malcolm's feet. He desired her to wash the feet of the poor
+    man who attended him. She at first seemed averse to this, from pride, as
+    thinking him beneath her, and in the periphrastick language of the
+    Highlanders and the Irish, said warmly, 'Though I washed your father's
+    son's feet, why should I wash his father's son's feet?' She was however
+    persuaded to do it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    They then went to bed, and slept for some time; and when Malcolm awaked,
+    he was told that Mr. John M'Kinnon, his brother-in-law, was in sight. He
+    sprang out to talk to him before he should see Prince Charles. After
+    saluting him, Malcolm, pointing to the sea, said, 'What, John, if the
+    prince should be prisoner on board one of those tenders?' 'GOD forbid!'
+    replied John. 'What if we had him here?' said Malcolm. 'I wish we had,'
+    answered John; 'we should take care of him.' 'Well, John,' said Malcolm,
+    'he is in your house.' John, in a transport of joy, wanted to run
+    directly in, and pay his obeisance; but Malcolm stopped him, saying,
+    'Now is your time to behave well, and do nothing that can discover him.'
+    John composed himself, and having sent away all his servants upon
+    different errands, he was introduced into the presence of his guest, and
+    was then desired to go and get ready a boat lying near his house, which,
+    though but a small leaky one, they resolved to take, rather than go to
+    the Laird of M'Kinnon. John M'Kinnon, however, thought otherwise; and
+    upon his return told them, that his Chief and lady M'Kinnon were coming
+    in the laird's boat. Prince Charles said to his trusty Malcolm, 'I am
+    sorry for this, but must make the best of it.' M'Kinnon then walked up
+    from the shore, and did homage to the Wanderer. His lady waited in a
+    cave, to which they all repaired, and were entertained with cold meat
+    and wine. Mr. Malcolm M'Leod being now superseded by the Laird of
+    M'Kinnon, desired leave to return, which was granted him, and Prince
+    Charles wrote a short note, which he subscribed <i>James Thompson</i>,
+    informing his friends that he had got away from Sky, and thanking them
+    for their kindness; and he desired this might be speedily conveyed to
+    young Rasay and Dr. Macleod, that they might not wait longer in
+    expectation of seeing him again. He bade a cordial adieu to Malcolm, and
+    insisted on his accepting of a silver stock-buckle, and ten guineas from
+    his purse, though, as Malcolm told me, it did not appear to contain
+    above forty. Malcolm at first begged to be excused, saying, that he had
+    a few guineas at his service; but Prince Charles answered, 'You will
+    have need of money. I shall get enough when I come upon the main land.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    The Laird of M'Kinnon then conveyed him to the opposite coast of
+    Knoidart. Old Rasay, to whom intelligence had been sent, was crossing at
+    the same time to Sky; but as they did not know of each other, and each
+    had apprehensions, the two boats kept aloof.
+</p>
+<p>
+    These are the particulars which I have collected concerning the
+    extraordinary concealment and escapes of Prince Charles, in the
+    Hebrides. He was often in imminent danger.<a href="#note-556">[556]</a> The troops traced him
+    from the Long Island, across Sky, to Portree, but there lost him.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Here I stop,&mdash;having received no farther authentick information of his
+    fatigues and perils before he escaped to France. Kings and subjects may
+    both take a lesson of moderation from the melancholy fate of the House
+    of Stuart; that Kings may not suffer degradation and exile, and subjects
+    may not be harassed by the evils of a disputed succession.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Let me close the scene on that unfortunate House with the elegant and
+    pathetick reflections of <i>Voltaire</i>, in his <i>Histoire Générale</i>:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Que les hommes privés (says that brilliant writer, speaking of Prince
+    Charles) qui se croyent malheureux, jettent les yeux sur ce prince et
+    ses ancêtres.'<a href="#note-557">[557]</a> In another place he thus sums up the sad story of
+    the family in general:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Il n'y a aucun exemple dans l'histoire d'une maison si longtems
+    infortunée. Le premier des Rois d'Écosse, [ses aïeux] qui eut le nom de
+    <i>Jacques</i>, après avoir été dix-huit ans prisonnier en Angleterre, mourut
+    assassiné, avec sa femme, par la main de ses sujets. <i>Jacques</i> II, son
+    fils, fut tué à vingt-neuf ans en combattant contre les Anglois.
+    <i>Jacques</i> III, mis en prison par son peuple, fut tué ensuite par les
+    révoltés, dans une bataille. <i>Jacques</i> IV, périt dans un combat qu'il
+    perdit. <i>Marie Stuart</i>, sa petite-fille, chassée de son trône, fugitive
+    en Angleterre, ayant langui dix-huit ans en prison, se vit condamnée à
+    mort par des juges Anglais, et eut la tête tranchée. <i>Charles</i> Ier,
+    petit-fils de <i>Marie</i>, Roi d'Écosse et d'Angleterre, vendu par les
+    Écossois, et jugé à mort par les Anglais, mourut sur un échafaud dans la
+    place publique. <i>Jacques</i>, son fils, septième du nom, et deuxième en
+    Angleterre, fut chassé de ses trois royaumes; et pour comble de malheur
+    on contesta à son fils [jusqu'à] sa naissance. Ce fils ne tenta de
+    remonter sur le trône de ses pères, que pour faire périr ses amis par
+    des bourreaux; et nous avons vu le Prince <i>Charles Édouard</i>, réunissant
+    en vain les vertus de ses pères<a href="#note-558">[558]</a> et le courage du Roi <i>Jean
+    Sobieski</i>, son aïeul maternel, exécuter les exploits et essuyer les
+    malheurs les plus incroyables. Si quelque chose justifie ceux qui
+    croient une fatalité à laquelle rien ne peut se soustraire, c'est cette
+    suite continuelle de malheurs qui a persécuté la maison de <i>Stuart</i>,
+    pendant plus de trois cents années.'<a href="#note-559">[559]</a>
+</p>
+<p>
+    The gallant Malcolm was apprehended in about ten days after they
+    separated, put aboard a ship and carried prisoner to London. He said,
+    the prisoners in general were very ill treated in their passage; but
+    there were soldiers on board who lived well, and sometimes invited him
+    to share with them: that he had the good fortune not to be thrown into
+    jail, but was confined in the house of a messenger, of the name of Dick.
+    To his astonishment, only one witness could be found against him, though
+    he had been so openly engaged; and therefore, for want of sufficient
+    evidence, he was set at liberty. He added, that he thought himself in
+    such danger, that he would gladly have compounded for banishment<a href="#note-560">[560]</a>.
+    Yet, he said, 'he should never be so ready for death as he then
+    was<a href="#note-561">[561]</a>.' There is philosophical truth in this. A man will meet death
+    much more firmly at one time than another. The enthusiasm even of a
+    mistaken principle warms the mind, and sets it above the fear of death;
+    which in our cooler moments, if we really think of it, cannot but be
+    terrible, or at least very awful.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Miss Flora Macdonald being then also in London, under the protection of
+    Lady Primrose<a href="#note-562">[562]</a>, that lady provided a post-chaise to convey her to
+    Scotland, and desired she might choose any friend she pleased to
+    accompany her. She chose Malcolm. 'So (said he, with a triumphant air) I
+    went to London to be hanged, and returned in a post-chaise with Miss
+    Flora Macdonald.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Macleod of Muiravenside, whom we saw at Rasay, assured us that
+    Prince Charles was in London in 1759<a href="#note-563">[563]</a>, and that there was then a
+    plan in agitation for restoring his family. Dr. Johnson could scarcely
+    credit this story, and said, there could be no probable plan at that
+    time. Such an attempt could not have succeeded, unless the King of
+    Prussia had stopped the army in Germany; for both the army and the fleet
+    would, even without orders, have fought for the King, to whom they had
+    engaged themselves.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Having related so many particulars concerning the grandson of the
+    unfortunate King James the Second; having given due praise to fidelity
+    and generous attachment, which, however erroneous the judgment may be,
+    are honourable for the heart; I must do the Highlanders the justice to
+    attest, that I found every where amongst them a high opinion of the
+    virtues of the King now upon the throne, and an honest disposition to be
+    faithful subjects to his majesty, whose family has possessed the
+    sovereignty of this country so long, that a change, even for the
+    abdicated family, would now hurt the best feelings of all his subjects.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The <i>abstract</i> point of <i>right</i> would involve us in a discussion of
+    remote and perplexed questions; and after all, we should have no clear
+    principle of decision. That establishment, which, from political
+    necessity, took place in 1688, by a breach in the succession of our
+    kings, and which, whatever benefits may have accrued from it, certainly
+    gave a shock to our monarchy,<a href="#note-564">[564]</a>&mdash;the able and constitutional
+    Blackstone wisely rests on the solid footing of authority. 'Our
+    ancestors having most indisputably a competent jurisdiction to decide
+    this great and important question, and having, in fact, decided it, it
+    is now become our duty, at this distance of time, to acquiesce in their
+    determination.<a href="#note-565">[565]</a>'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Paley, the present Archdeacon of Carlisle, in his <i>Principles of
+    Moral and Political Philosophy</i>, having, with much clearness of
+    argument, shewn the duty of submission to civil government to be founded
+    neither on an indefeasible <i>jus divinum</i>, nor on <i>compact</i>, but on
+    <i>expediency</i>, lays down this rational position:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Irregularity in the first foundation of a state, or subsequent
+    violence, fraud, or injustice, in getting possession of the supreme
+    power, are not sufficient reasons for resistance, after the government
+    is once peaceably settled. No subject of the <i>British</i> empire conceives
+    himself engaged to vindicate the justice of the <i>Norman</i> claim or
+    conquest, or apprehends that his duty in any manner depends upon that
+    controversy. So likewise, if the house of <i>Lancaster</i>, or even the
+    posterity of <i>Cromwell</i>, had been at this day seated upon the throne of
+    <i>England</i>, we should have been as little concerned to enquire how the
+    founder of the family came there<a href="#note-566">[566]</a>.'  In conformity with this
+    doctrine, I myself, though fully persuaded that the House of <i>Stuart</i>
+    had originally no right to the crown of <i>Scotland</i>; for that <i>Baliol</i>,
+    and not <i>Bruce</i>, was the lawful heir; should yet have thought it very
+    culpable to have rebelled, on that account, against Charles the First,
+    or even a prince of that house much nearer the time, in order to assert
+    the claim of the posterity of Baliol.
+</p>
+<p>
+    However convinced I am of the justice of that principle, which holds
+    allegiance and protection to be reciprocal, I do however acknowledge,
+    that I am not satisfied with the cold sentiment which would confine the
+    exertions of the subject within the strict line of duty. I would have
+    every breast animated with the <i>fervour</i> of loyalty<a href="#note-567">[567]</a>; with that
+    generous attachment which delights in doing somewhat more than is
+    required, and makes 'service perfect freedom<a href="#note-568">[568]</a>.' And, therefore, as
+    our most gracious Sovereign, on his accession to the throne, gloried in
+    being <i>born a Briton</i><a href="#note-569">[569]</a>; so, in my more private sphere, <i>Ego me nunc</i>
+    denique natum, <i>gratulor</i><a href="#note-570">[570]</a>. I am happy that a disputed succession no
+    longer distracts our minds; and that a monarchy, established by law, is
+    now so sanctioned by time, that we can fully indulge those feelings of
+    loyalty which I am ambitious to excite. They are feelings which have
+    ever actuated the inhabitants of the Highlands and the Hebrides. The
+    plant of loyalty is there in full vigour, and the Brunswick graft now
+    flourishes like a native shoot. To that spirited race of people I may
+    with propriety apply the elegant lines of a modern poet, on the 'facile
+    temper of the beauteous sex<a href="#note-571">[571]</a>:'&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Like birds new-caught, who flutter for a time,
+      And struggle with captivity in vain;
+      But by-and-by they rest, they smooth their plumes,
+      And to <i>new masters</i> sing their former notes<a href="#note-572">[572]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Surely such notes are much better than the querulous growlings of
+    suspicious Whigs and discontented Republicans.
+</p>
+<hr>
+<p>
+    Kingsburgh conducted us in his boat across one of the lochs, as they
+    call them, or arms of the sea, which flow in upon all the coasts of
+    Sky,&mdash;to a mile beyond a place called <i>Grishinish</i>. Our horses had been
+    sent round by land to meet us. By this sail we saved eight miles of bad
+    riding. Dr. Johnson said, 'When we take into computation what we have
+    saved, and what we have gained, by this agreeable sail, it is a great
+    deal.' He observed, 'it is very disagreeable riding in Sky. The way is
+    so narrow, one only at a time can travel, so it is quite unsocial; and
+    you cannot indulge in meditation by yourself, because you must be always
+    attending to the steps which your horse takes.' This was a just and
+    clear description of its inconveniences.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The topick of emigration being again introduced<a href="#note-573">[573]</a>, Dr. Johnson said,
+    that 'a rapacious chief would make a wilderness of his estate.' Mr.
+    Donald M'Queen told us, that the oppression, which then made so much
+    noise, was owing to landlords listening to bad advice in the letting of
+    their lands; that interested and designed<a href="#note-574">[574]</a> people flattered them
+    with golden dreams of much higher rents than could reasonably be paid:
+    and that some of the gentlemen <i>tacksmen</i><a href="#note-575">[575]</a>, or upper tenants, were
+    themselves in part the occasion of the mischief, by over-rating the
+    farms of others. That many of the <i>tacksmen</i>, rather than comply with
+    exorbitant demands, had gone off to America, and impoverished the
+    country, by draining it of its wealth; and that their places were filled
+    by a number of poor people, who had lived under them, properly speaking,
+    as servants, paid by a certain proportion of the produce of the lands,
+    though called sub-tenants. I observed, that if the men of substance were
+    once banished from a Highland estate, it might probably be greatly
+    reduced in its value; for one bad year might ruin a set of poor tenants,
+    and men of any property would not settle in such a country, unless from
+    the temptation of getting land extremely cheap; for an inhabitant of any
+    good county in Britain, had better go to America than to the Highlands
+    or the Hebrides. Here, therefore, was a consideration that ought to
+    induce a Chief to act a more liberal part, from a mere motive of
+    interest, independent of the lofty and honourable principle of keeping a
+    clan together, to be in readiness to serve his king. I added, that I
+    could not help thinking a little arbitrary power in the sovereign, to
+    control the bad policy and greediness of the Chiefs, might sometimes be
+    of service. In France a Chief would not be permitted to force a number
+    of the king's subjects out of the country. Dr. Johnson concurred with
+    me, observing, that 'were an oppressive chieftain a subject of the
+    French king, he would probably be admonished by a <i>letter</i>.<a href="#note-576">[576]</a>'
+</p>
+<p>
+    During our sail, Dr. Johnson asked about the use of the dirk, with which
+    he imagined the Highlanders cut their meat. He was told, they had a
+    knife and fork besides, to eat with. He asked, how did the women do? and
+    was answered, some of them had a knife and fork too; but in general the
+    men, when they had cut their meat, handed their knives and forks to the
+    women, and they themselves eat with their fingers. The old tutor of
+    Macdonald always eat fish with his fingers, alledging that a knife and
+    fork gave it a bad taste. I took the liberty to observe to Dr. Johnson,
+    that he did so. 'Yes, said he; but it is because I am short-sighted, and
+    afraid of bones, for which reason I am not fond of eating many kinds of
+    fish, because I must use my fingers.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. M'Pherson's <i>Dissertations on Scottish Antiquities</i>, which he had
+    looked at when at Corrichatachin<a href="#note-577">[577]</a>, being mentioned, he remarked,
+    that 'you might read half an hour, and ask yourself what you had been
+    reading: there were so many words to so little matter, that there was no
+    getting through the book.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    As soon as we reached the shore, we took leave of Kingsburgh, and
+    mounted our horses. We passed through a wild moor, in many places so
+    soft that we were obliged to walk, which was very fatiguing to Dr.
+    Johnson. Once he had advanced on horseback to a very bad step. There
+    was a steep declivity on his left, to which he was so near, that there
+    was not room for him to dismount in the usual way. He tried to alight on
+    the other side, as if he had been a <i>young buck</i> indeed, but in the
+    attempt he fell at his length upon the ground; from which, however, he
+    got up immediately without being hurt. During this dreary ride, we were
+    sometimes relieved by a view of branches of the sea, that universal
+    medium of connection amongst mankind. A guide, who had been sent with us
+    from Kingsburgh, explored the way (much in the same manner as, I
+    suppose, is pursued in the wilds of America,) by observing certain marks
+    known only to the inhabitants. We arrived at Dunvegan late in the
+    afternoon. The great size of the castle, which is partly old and partly
+    new, and is built upon a rock close to the sea, while the land around it
+    presents nothing but wild, moorish, hilly, and craggy appearances, gave
+    a rude magnificence to the scene. Having dismounted, we ascended a
+    flight of steps, which was made by the late Macleod, for the
+    accommodation of persons coming to him by land, there formerly being,
+    for security, no other access to the castle but from the sea; so that
+    visitors who came by the land were under the necessity of getting into a
+    boat, and sailed round to the only place where it could be approached.
+    We were introduced into a stately dining-room, and received by Lady
+    Macleod, mother of the laird, who, with his friend Talisker, having been
+    detained on the road, did not arrive till some time after us.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We found the lady of the house a very polite and sensible woman, who had
+    lived for some time in London, and had there been in Dr. Johnson's
+    company. After we had dined, we repaired to the drawing-room, where some
+    of the young ladies of the family, with their mother, were at tea<a href="#note-578">[578]</a>.
+    This room had formerly been the bed-chamber of Sir Roderick Macleod, one
+    of the old Lairds; and he chose it, because, behind it, there was a
+    considerable cascade<a href="#note-579">[579]</a>, the sound of which disposed him to sleep.
+    Above his bed was this inscription: 'Sir Rorie M'Leod of Dunvegan,
+    Knight. GOD send good rest!' Rorie is the contraction of Roderick. He
+    was called Rorie <i>More</i>, that is, great Rorie, not from his size, but
+    from his spirit. Our entertainment here was in so elegant a style, and
+    reminded my fellow-traveller so much of England, that he became quite
+    joyous. He laughed, and said, 'Boswell, we came in at the wrong end of
+    this island.' 'Sir, (said I,) it was best to keep this for the last.' He
+    answered, 'I would have it both first and last.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_38"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 14.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson said in the morning, 'Is not this a fine lady<a href="#note-580">[580]</a>?' There
+    was not a word now of his 'impatience to be in civilized
+    life<a href="#note-581">[581]</a>;&mdash;though indeed I should beg pardon,&mdash;he found it here. We had
+    slept well, and lain long. After breakfast we surveyed the castle, and
+    the garden. Mr. Bethune, the parish minister,&mdash;Magnus M'Leod, of
+    Claggan, brother to Talisker, and M'Leod of Bay, two substantial
+    gentlemen of the clan, dined with us. We had admirable venison, generous
+    wine; in a word, all that a good table has. This was really the hall of
+    a chief. Lady M'Leod had been much obliged to my father, who had settled
+    by arbitration a variety of perplexed claims between her and her
+    relation, the Laird of Brodie, which she now repaid by particular
+    attention to me. M'Leod started the subject of making women do penance
+    in the church for fornication. JOHNSON. 'It is right, Sir. Infamy is
+    attached to the crime, by universal opinion, as soon as it is known. I
+    would not be the man who would discover it, if I alone knew it, for a
+    woman may reform; nor would I commend a parson who divulges a woman's
+    first offence; but being once divulged, it ought to be infamous.
+    Consider, of what importance to society the chastity of women is. Upon
+    that all the property in the world depends<a href="#note-582">[582]</a>. We hang a thief for
+    stealing a sheep; but the unchastity of a woman transfers sheep, and
+    farm and all, from the right owner. I have much more reverence for a
+    common prostitute than for a woman who conceals her guilt. The
+    prostitute is known. She cannot deceive: she cannot bring a strumpet
+    into the arms of an honest man, without his knowledge. BOSWELL. 'There
+    is, however, a great difference between the licentiousness of a single
+    woman, and that of a married woman.' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; there is a
+    great difference between stealing a shilling, and stealing a thousand
+    pounds; between simply taking a man's purse, and murdering him first,
+    and then taking it. But when one begins to be vicious, it is easy to go
+    on. Where single women are licentious, you rarely find faithful married
+    women.' BOSWELL. 'And yet we are told that in some nations in India, the
+    distinction is strictly observed.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, don't give us India.
+    That puts me in mind of Montesquieu, who is really a fellow of genius
+    too in many respects; whenever he wants to support a strange opinion, he
+    quotes you the practice of Japan or of some other distant country of
+    which he knows nothing. To support polygamy, he tells you of the island
+    of Formosa, where there are ten women born for one man<a href="#note-583">[583]</a>. He had but
+    to suppose another island, where there are ten men born for one woman,
+    and so make a marriage between them.<a href="#note-584">[584]</a>'  At supper, Lady Macleod
+    mentioned Dr. Cadogan's book on the gout<a href="#note-585">[585]</a>. JOHNSON. 'It is a good
+    book in general, but a foolish one in particulars. It is good in
+    general, as recommending temperance and exercise, and cheerfulness. In
+    that respect it is only Dr. Cheyne's book told in a new way; and there
+    should come out such a book every thirty years, dressed in the mode of
+    the times. It is foolish, in maintaining that the gout is not
+    hereditary, and that one fit of it, when gone, is like a fever when
+    gone.' Lady Macleod objected that the author does not practise what he
+    teaches<a href="#note-586">[586]</a>. JOHNSON. 'I cannot help that, madam. That does not make
+    his book the worse. People are influenced more by what a man says, if
+    his practice is suitable to it,&mdash;because they are blockheads. The more
+    intellectual people are, the readier will they attend to what a man
+    tells them. If it is just, they will follow it, be his practice what it
+    will. No man practises so well as he writes. I have, all my life long,
+    been lying till noon<a href="#note-587">[587]</a>; yet I tell all young men, and tell them with
+    great sincerity, that nobody who does not rise early will ever do any
+    good. Only consider! You read a book; you are convinced by it; you do
+    not know the authour. Suppose you afterwards know him, and find that he
+    does not practise what he teaches; are you to give up your former
+    conviction? At this rate you would be kept in a state of equilibrium,
+    when reading every book, till you knew how the authour practised.<a href="#note-588">[588]</a>'
+    'But,' said Lady M'Leod, 'you would think better of Dr. Cadogan, if he
+    acted according to his principles.' JOHNSON. 'Why, Madam, to be sure, a
+    man who acts in the face of light, is worse than a man who does not know
+    so much; yet I think no man should be the worse thought of for
+    publishing good principles. There is something noble in publishing
+    truth, though it condemns one's self.<a href="#note-589">[589]</a>' I expressed some surprize at
+    Cadogan's recommending good humour, as if it were quite in our own power
+    to attain it. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, a man grows better humoured as he
+    grows older. He improves by experience. When young, he thinks himself of
+    great consequence, and every thing of importance. As he advances in
+    life, he learns to think himself of no consequence, and little things of
+    little importance; and so he becomes more patient, and better pleased.
+    All good-humour and complaisance are acquired. Naturally a child seizes
+    directly what it sees, and thinks of pleasing itself only. By degrees,
+    it is taught to please others, and to prefer others; and that this will
+    ultimately produce the greatest happiness. If a man is not convinced of
+    that, he never will practise it. Common language speaks the truth as to
+    this: we say, a person is well <i>bred</i>. As it is said, that all material
+    motion is primarily in a right line, and is never <i>per circuitum</i>, never
+    in another form, unless by some particular cause; so it may be said
+    intellectual motion is.' Lady M'Leod asked, if no man was naturally
+    good? JOHNSON. 'No, Madam, no more than a wolf.' BOSWELL. 'Nor no woman,
+    Sir?' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir.<a href="#note-590">[590]</a>' Lady M'Leod started at this, saying, in a
+    low voice, 'This is worse than Swift.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    M'Leod of Ulinish had come in the afternoon. We were a jovial company at
+    supper. The Laird, surrounded by so many of his clan, was to me a
+    pleasing sight. They listened with wonder and pleasure, while Dr.
+    Johnson harangued. I am vexed that I cannot take down his full strain of
+    eloquence.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_39"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 15.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    The gentlemen of the clan went away early in the morning to the harbour
+    of Lochbradale, to take leave of some of their friends who were going to
+    America. It was a very wet day. We looked at Rorie More's horn, which is
+    a large cow's horn, with the mouth of it ornamented with silver
+    curiously carved. It holds rather more than a bottle and a half. Every
+    Laird of M'Leod, it is said, must, as a proof of his manhood, drink it
+    off full of claret, without laying it down. From Rorie More many of the
+    branches of the family are descended; in particular, the Talisker
+    branch; so that his name is much talked of. We also saw his bow, which
+    hardly any man now can bend, and his <i>Glaymore></i>, which was wielded with
+    both hands, and is of a prodigious size. We saw here some old pieces of
+    iron armour, immensely heavy. The broadsword now used, though called the
+    <i>Glaymore, (i.e.</i> the <i>great sword</i>) is much smaller than that used in
+    Rorie More's time. There is hardly a target now to be found in the
+    Highlands. After the disarming act<a href="#note-591">[591]</a>, they made them serve as covers
+    to their butter-milk barrels; a kind of change, like beating spears into
+    pruning-hooks<a href="#note-592">[592]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Sir George Mackenzie's Works (the folio edition) happened to lie in a
+    window in the dining room. I asked Dr. Johnson to look at the
+    <i>Characteres Advocatorum</i>. He allowed him power of mind, and that he
+    understood very well what he tells<a href="#note-593">[593]</a>; but said, that there was too
+    much declamation, and that the Latin was not correct. He found fault
+    with <i>appropinquabant</i><a href="#note-594">[594]</a>, in the character of Gilmour. I tried him
+    with the opposition between <i>gloria</i> and <i>palma</i>, in the comparison
+    between Gilmour and Nisbet, which Lord Hailes, in his <i>Catalogue of the
+    Lords of Session</i>, thinks difficult to be understood. The words are,
+    <i>'penes illum gloria, penes hunc palma</i><a href="#note-595">[595]</a>.' In a short <i>Account of
+    the Kirk of Scotland</i>, which I published some years ago, I applied these
+    words to the two contending parties, and explained them thus: 'The
+    popular party has most eloquence; Dr. Robertson's party most influence.'
+    I was very desirous to hear Dr. Johnson's explication. JOHNSON. 'I see
+    no difficulty. Gilmour was admired for his parts; Nisbet carried his
+    cause by his skill in law. <i>Palma</i> is victory.' I observed, that the
+    character of Nicholson, in this book resembled that of Burke: for it is
+    said, in one place, <i>'in omnes lusos &amp; jocos se saepe resolvebat</i><a href="#note-596">[596]</a>;'
+    and, in another, <i>'sed accipitris more e conspectu aliquando astantium
+    sublimi se protrahens volatu, in praedam miro impetu descendebat<a href="#note-597">[597]</a>'.</i>
+    JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; I never heard Burke make a good joke in my
+    life<a href="#note-598">[598]</a>.' BOSWELL. 'But, Sir, you will allow he is a hawk.' Dr.
+    Johnson, thinking that I meant this of his joking, said, 'No, Sir, he is
+    not the hawk there. He is the beetle in the mire<a href="#note-599">[599]</a>.' I still adhered
+    to my metaphor,&mdash;'But he <i>soars</i> as the hawk.' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; but
+    he catches nothing.' M'Leod asked, what is the particular excellence of
+    Burke's eloquence? JOHNSON. 'Copiousness and fertility of allusion; a
+    power of diversifying his matter, by placing it in various relations.
+    Burke has great information, and great command of language; though, in
+    my opinion, it has not in every respect the highest elegance.' BOSWELL.
+    'Do you think, Sir, that Burke has read Cicero much?' JOHNSON. 'I don't
+    believe it, Sir. Burke has great knowledge, great fluency of words, and
+    great promptness of ideas, so that he can speak with great illustration
+    on any subject that comes before him. He is neither like Cicero, nor
+    like Demosthenes<a href="#note-600">[600]</a>, nor like any one else, but speaks as well as
+    he can.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the 65th page of the first volume of Sir George Mackenzie, Dr.
+    Johnson pointed out a paragraph beginning with <i>Aristotle</i>, and told me
+    there was an error in the text, which he bade me try to discover. I was
+    lucky enough to hit it at once. As the passage is printed, it is said
+    that the devil answers <i>even</i> in <i>engines</i>. I corrected it to&mdash;<i>ever</i> in
+    <i>oenigmas</i>. 'Sir, (said he,) you are a good critick. This would have
+    been a great thing to do in the text of an ancient authour.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_40"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 16.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Last night much care was taken of Dr. Johnson, who was still distressed
+    by his cold. He had hitherto most strangely slept without a night-cap.
+    Miss M'Leod made him a large flannel one, and he was prevailed with to
+    drink a little brandy when he was going to bed. He has great virtue in
+    not drinking wine or any fermented liquor, because, as he acknowledged
+    to us, he could not do it in moderation<a href="#note-601">[601]</a>. Lady M'Leod would hardly
+    believe him, and said, 'I am sure, Sir, you would not carry it too far.'
+    JOHNSON. 'Nay, madam, it carried me. I took the opportunity of a long
+    illness to leave it off. It was then prescribed to me not to drink wine;
+    and, having broken off the habit, I have never returned to it<a href="#note-602">[602]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the argument on Tuesday night, about natural goodness, Dr. Johnson
+    denied that any child was better than another, but by difference of
+    instruction; though, in consequence of greater attention being paid to
+    instruction by one child than another, and of a variety of imperceptible
+    causes, such as instruction being counteracted by servants, a notion was
+    conceived, that of two children, equally well educated, one was
+    naturally much worse than another. He owned, this morning, that one
+    might have a greater aptitude to learn than another, and that we
+    inherit dispositions from our parents<a href="#note-603">[603]</a>. 'I inherited, (said he,) a
+    vile melancholy from my father, which has made me mad all my life, at
+    least not sober<a href="#note-604">[604]</a>.' Lady M'Leod wondered he should tell this. 'Madam,
+    (said I,) he knows that with that madness he is superior to other men.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I have often been astonished with what exactness and perspicuity he will
+    explain the process of any art. He this morning explained to us all the
+    operation of coining, and, at night, all the operation of brewing, so
+    very clearly, that Mr. M'Queen said, when he heard the first, he thought
+    he had been bred in the Mint; when he heard the second, that he had been
+    bred a brewer.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I was elated by the thought of having been able to entice such a man to
+    this remote part of the world. A ludicrous, yet just image presented
+    itself to my mind, which I expressed to the company. I compared myself
+    to a dog who has got hold of a large piece of meat, and runs away with
+    it to a corner, where he may devour it in peace, without any fear of
+    others taking it from him. 'In London, Reynolds, Beauclerk, and all of
+    them, are contending who shall enjoy Dr. Johnson's conversation. We are
+    feasting upon it, undisturbed, at Dunvegan.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    It was still a storm of wind and rain. Dr. Johnson however walked out
+    with M'Leod, and saw Rorie More's cascade in full perfection. Colonel
+    M'Leod, instead of being all life and gaiety, as I have seen him, was at
+    present grave, and somewhat depressed by his anxious concern about
+    M'Leod's affairs, and by finding some gentlemen of the clan by no means
+    disposed to act a generous or affectionate part to their Chief in his
+    distress, but bargaining with him as with a stranger. However, he was
+    agreeable and polite, and Dr. Johnson said, he was a very pleasing man.
+    My fellow-traveller and I talked of going to Sweden<a href="#note-605">[605]</a>; and, while we
+    were settling our plan, I expressed a pleasure in the prospect of seeing
+    the king. JOHNSON. 'I doubt, Sir, if he would speak to us.' Colonel
+    M'Leod said, 'I am sure Mr. Boswell would speak to <i>him</i>.' But, seeing
+    me a little disconcerted by his remark, he politely added, 'and with
+    great propriety.' Here let me offer a short defence of that propensity
+    in my disposition, to which this gentleman alluded. It has procured me
+    much happiness. I hope it does not deserve so hard a name as either
+    forwardness or impudence. If I know myself, it is nothing more than an
+    eagerness to share the society of men distinguished either by their rank
+    or their talents, and a diligence to attain what I desire<a href="#note-606">[606]</a>. If a man
+    is praised for seeking knowledge, though mountains and seas are in his
+    way, may he not be pardoned, whose ardour, in the pursuit of the same
+    object, leads him to encounter difficulties as great, though of a
+    different kind?
+</p>
+<p>
+    After the ladies were gone from table, we talked of the Highlanders not
+    having sheets; and this led us to consider the advantage of wearing
+    linen. JOHNSON. 'All animal substances are less cleanly than vegetable.
+    Wool, of which flannel is made, is an animal substance; flannel
+    therefore is not so cleanly as linen. I remember I used to think tar
+    dirty; but when I knew it to be only a preparation of the juice of the
+    pine, I thought so no longer. It is not disagreeable to have the gum
+    that oozes from a plum-tree upon your fingers, because it is vegetable;
+    but if you have any candle-grease, any tallow upon your fingers, you are
+    uneasy till you rub it off. I have often thought, that if I kept a
+    seraglio, the ladies should all wear linen gowns,&mdash;or cotton; I mean
+    stuffs made of vegetable substances. I would have no silk; you cannot
+    tell when it is clean: It will be very nasty before it is perceived to
+    be so. Linen detects its own dirtiness.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    To hear the grave Dr. Samuel Johnson, 'that majestick teacher of moral
+    and religious wisdom,' while sitting solemn in an armchair in the Isle
+    of Sky, talk, <i>ex cathedra</i>, of his keeping a seraglio<a href="#note-607">[607]</a>, and
+    acknowledge that the supposition had <i>often</i> been in his thoughts,
+    struck me so forcibly with ludicrous contrast, that I could not but
+    laugh immoderately. He was too proud to submit, even for a moment, to be
+    the object of ridicule, and instantly retaliated with such keen
+    sarcastick wit, and such a variety of degrading images, of every one of
+    which I was the object, that, though I can bear such attacks as well as
+    most men, I yet found myself so much the sport of all the company, that
+    I would gladly expunge from my mind every trace of this severe retort.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Talking of our friend Langton's house in Lincolnshire, he said, 'the old
+    house of the family was burnt. A temporary building was erected in its
+    room; and to this day they have been always adding as the family
+    increased. It is like a shirt made for a man when he was a child, and
+    enlarged always as he grows older.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We talked to-night of Luther's allowing the Landgrave of Hesse two
+    wives, and that it was with the consent of the wife to whom he was first
+    married. JOHNSON. 'There was no harm in this, so far as she was only
+    concerned, because <i>volenti non fit injuria</i>. But it was an offence
+    against the general order of society, and against the law of the Gospel,
+    by which one man and one woman are to be united. No man can have two
+    wives, but by preventing somebody else from having one.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_41"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 17.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    After dinner yesterday, we had a conversation upon cunning. M'Leod said
+    that he was not afraid of cunning people; but would let them play their
+    tricks about him like monkeys. 'But, (said I,) they'll scratch;' and Mr.
+    M'Queen added, 'they'll invent new tricks, as soon as you find out what
+    they do.' JOHNSON. 'Cunning has effect from the credulity of others,
+    rather than from the abilities of those who are cunning. It requires no
+    extraordinary talents to lie and deceive<a href="#note-608">[608]</a>.' This led us to consider
+    whether it did not require great abilities to be very wicked. JOHNSON.
+    'It requires great abilities to have the <i>power</i> of being very wicked;
+    but not to <i>be</i> very wicked. A man who has the power, which great
+    abilities procure him, may use it well or ill; and it requires more
+    abilities to use it well, than to use it ill. Wickedness is always
+    easier than virtue; for it takes the short cut to every thing. It is
+    much easier to steal a hundred pounds, than to get it by labour, or any
+    other way. Consider only what act of wickedness requires great abilities
+    to commit it, when once the person who is to do it has the power; for
+    <i>there</i> is the distinction. It requires great abilities to conquer an
+    army, but none to massacre it after it is conquered.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    The weather this day was rather better than any that we had since we
+    came to Dunvegan. Mr. M'Queen had often mentioned a curious piece of
+    antiquity near this, which he called a temple of the Goddess ANAITIS.
+    Having often talked of going to see it, he and I set out after
+    breakfast, attended by his servant, a fellow quite like a savage. I must
+    observe here, that in Sky there seems to be much idleness; for men and
+    boys follow you, as colts follow passengers upon a road. The usual
+    figure of a Sky-boy, is a <i>lown</i> with bare legs and feet, a dirty
+    <i>kilt</i>, ragged coat and waistcoat, a bare head, and a stick in his hand,
+    which, I suppose, is partly to help the lazy rogue to walk, partly to
+    serve as a kind of a defensive weapon. We walked what is called two
+    miles, but is probably four, from the castle, till we came to the sacred
+    place. The country around is a black dreary moor on all sides, except to
+    the sea-coast, towards which there is a view through a valley; and the
+    farm of <i>Bay</i> shews some good land. The place itself is green ground,
+    being well drained by means of a deep glen on each side, in both of
+    which there runs a rivulet with a good quantity of water, forming
+    several cascades, which make a considerable appearance and sound. The
+    first thing we came to was an earthen mound, or dyke, extending from the
+    one precipice to the other. A little farther on was a strong stone-wall,
+    not high, but very thick, extending in the same manner. On the outside
+    of it were the ruins of two houses, one on each side of the entry or
+    gate to it. The wall is built all along of uncemented stones, but of so
+    large a size as to make a very firm and durable rampart. It has been
+    built all about the consecrated ground, except where the precipice is
+    steep enough to form an inclosure of itself. The sacred spot contains
+    more than two acres. There are within it the ruins of many houses, none
+    of them large,&mdash;a <i>cairn</i>,&mdash;and many graves marked by clusters of
+    stones. Mr. M'Queen insisted that the ruin of a small building, standing
+    east and west, was actually the temple of the Goddess ANAITIS, where her
+    statue was kept, and from whence processions were made to wash it in one
+    of the brooks. There is, it must be owned, a hollow road, visible for a
+    good way from the entrance; but Mr. M'Queen, with the keen eye of an
+    antiquary, traced it much farther than I could perceive it. There is not
+    above a foot and a half in height of the walls now remaining; and the
+    whole extent of the building was never, I imagine, greater than an
+    ordinary Highland house. Mr. M'Queen has collected a great deal of
+    learning on the subject of the temple of ANAITIS; and I had endeavoured,
+    in my <i>Journal</i>, to state such particulars as might give some idea of
+    it, and of the surrounding scenery; but from the great difficulty of
+    describing visible objects<a href="#note-609">[609]</a>, I found my account so unsatisfactory,
+    that my readers would probably have exclaimed
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'And write about it, <i>Goddess</i>, and about it<a href="#note-610">[610]</a>;'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    and therefore I have omitted it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    When we got home, and were again at table with Dr. Johnson, we first
+    talked of portraits. He agreed in thinking them valuable in families. I
+    wished to know which he preferred, fine portraits, or those of which the
+    merit was resemblance. JOHNSON. 'Sir, their chief excellence is being
+    like.' BOSWELL. 'Are you of that opinion as to the portraits of
+    ancestors, whom one has never seen?' JOHNSON. 'It then becomes of more
+    consequence that they should be like; and I would have them in the dress
+    of the times, which makes a piece of history. One should like to see how
+    <i>Rorie More</i> looked. Truth, Sir, is of the greatest value in these
+    things<a href="#note-611">[611]</a>.' Mr. M'Queen observed, that if you think it of no
+    consequence whether portraits are like, if they are but well painted,
+    you may be indifferent whether a piece of history is true or not, if
+    well told.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson said at breakfast to-day, 'that it was but of late that
+    historians bestowed pains and attention in consulting records, to attain
+    to accuracy<a href="#note-1">[1]</a>. Bacon, in writing his history of Henry VII, does not
+    seem to have consulted any, but to have just taken what he found in
+    other histories, and blended it with what he learnt by tradition.' He
+    agreed with me that there should be a chronicle kept in every
+    considerable family, to preserve the characters and transactions of
+    successive generations.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After dinner I started the subject of the temple of ANAITIS. Mr. M'Queen
+    had laid stress on the name given to the place by the country
+    people,&mdash;<i>Ainnit</i>; and added, 'I knew not what to make of this piece of
+    antiquity, till I met with the <i>Anaitidis delubrum</i> in Lydia, mentioned
+    by Pausanias and the elder Pliny.' Dr. Johnson, with his usual
+    acuteness, examined Mr. M'Queen as to the meaning of the word <i>Ainnit</i>,
+    in Erse; and it proved to be a <i>water-place</i>, or a place near water,
+    'which,' said Mr. M'Queen, 'agrees with all the descriptions of the
+    temples of that goddess, which were situated near rivers, that there
+    might be water to wash the statue.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir, the argument
+    from the name is gone. The name is exhausted by what we see. We have no
+    occasion to go to a distance for what we can pick up under our feet. Had
+    it been an accidental name, the similarity between it and Anaitis might
+    have had something in it; but it turns out to be a mere physiological
+    name.' Macleod said, Mr. M'Queen's knowledge of etymology had destroyed
+    his conjecture. JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; Mr. M'Queen is like the eagle
+    mentioned by Waller, who was shot with an arrow feather'd from his own
+    wing<a href="#note-612">[612]</a>.' Mr. M'Queen would not, however, give up his conjecture.
+    JOHNSON. 'You have one possibility for you, and all possibilities
+    against you. It is possible it may be the temple of Anaitis. But it is
+    also possible that it may be a fortification; or it may be a place of
+    Christian worship, as the first Christians often chose remote and wild
+    places, to make an impression on the mind; or, if it was a heathen
+    temple, it may have been built near a river, for the purpose of
+    lustration; and there is such a multitude of divinities, to whom it may
+    have been dedicated, that the chance of its being a temple of <i>Anaitis</i>
+    is hardly any thing. It is like throwing a grain of sand upon the
+    sea-shore to-day, and thinking you may find it to-morrow. No, Sir, this
+    temple, like many an ill-built edifice, tumbles down before it is roofed
+    in.' In his triumph over the reverend antiquarian, he indulged himself
+    in a <i>conceit</i>; for, some vestige of the <i>altar</i> of the goddess being
+    much insisted on in support of the hypothesis, he said, 'Mr. M'Queen is
+    fighting <i>pro</i> aris <i>et focis'</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    It was wonderful how well time passed in a remote castle, and in dreary
+    weather. After supper, we talked of Pennant. It was objected that he was
+    superficial. Dr. Johnson defended him warmly<a href="#note-613">[613]</a>. He said, 'Pennant has
+    greater variety of enquiry than almost any man, and has told us more
+    than perhaps one in ten thousand could have done, in the time that he
+    took. He has not said what he was to tell; so you cannot find fault with
+    him, for what he has not told. If a man comes to look for fishes, you
+    cannot blame him if he does not attend to fowls.' 'But,' said Colonel
+    M'Leod, 'he mentions the unreasonable rise of rents in the Highlands,
+    and says, "the gentlemen are for emptying the bag, without filling
+    it<a href="#note-614">[614]</a>;" for that is the phrase he uses. Why does he not tell how to
+    fill it?' JOHNSON. 'Sir, there is no end of negative criticism. He tells
+    what he observes, and as much as he chooses. If he tells what is not
+    true, you may find fault with him; but, though he tells that the land is
+    not well cultivated, he is not obliged to tell how it may be well
+    cultivated. If I tell that many of the Highlanders go bare-footed, I am
+    not obliged to tell how they may get shoes. Pennant tells a fact. He
+    need go no farther, except he pleases. He exhausts nothing; and no
+    subject whatever has yet been exhausted. But Pennant has surely told a
+    great deal. Here is a man six feet high, and you are angry because he is
+    not seven.' Notwithstanding this eloquent <i>Oratio pro Pennantio</i>, which
+    they who have read this gentleman's <i>Tours</i>, and recollect the <i>Savage</i>
+    and the <i>Shopkeeper</i> at <i>Monboddo</i><a href="#note-615">[615]</a>, will probably impute to the
+    spirit of contradiction, I still think that he had better have given
+    more attention to fewer things, than have thrown together such a number
+    of imperfect accounts.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_42"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 18.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Before breakfast, Dr. Johnson came up to my room to forbid me to mention
+    that this was his birthday; but I told him I had done it already; at
+    which he was displeased<a href="#note-616">[616]</a>; I suppose from wishing to have nothing
+    particular done on his account. Lady M'Leod and I got into a warm
+    dispute. She wanted to build a house upon a farm which she has taken,
+    about five miles from the castle, and to make gardens and other
+    ornaments there; all of which I approved of; but insisted that the seat
+    of the family should always be upon the rock of Dunvegan. JOHNSON. 'Ay,
+    in time we'll build all round this rock. You may make a very good house
+    at the farm; but it must not be such as to tempt the Laird of M'Leod to
+    go thither to reside. Most of the great families in England have a
+    secondary residence, which is called a jointure-house: let the new house
+    be of that kind.' The lady insisted that the rock was very inconvenient;
+    that there was no place near it where a good garden could be made; that
+    it must always be a rude place; that it was a <i>Herculean</i> labour to make
+    a dinner here. I was vexed to find the alloy of modern refinement in a
+    lady who had so much old family spirit. 'Madam, (said I,) if once you
+    quit this rock, there is no knowing where you may settle. You move five
+    miles first;&mdash;then to St. Andrews, as the late Laird did;&mdash;then to
+    Edinburgh;&mdash;and so on till you end at Hampstead, or in France. No, no;
+    keep to the rock: it is the very jewel of the estate. It looks as if it
+    had been let down from heaven by the four corners, to be the residence
+    of a Chief. Have all the comforts and conveniences of life upon it, but
+    never leave Rorie More's cascade.' 'But, (said she,) is it not enough if
+    we keep it? Must we never have more convenience than Rorie More had? he
+    had his beef brought to dinner in one basket, and his bread in another.
+    Why not as well be Rorie More all over, as live upon his rock? And
+    should not we tire, in looking perpetually on this rock? It is very well
+    for you, who have a fine place, and every thing easy, to talk thus, and
+    think of chaining honest folks to a rock. You would not live upon it
+    yourself.' 'Yes, Madam, (said I,) I would live upon it, were I Laird of
+    M'Leod, and should be unhappy if I were not upon it.' JOHNSON. (with a
+    strong voice, and most determined manner), 'Madam, rather than quit the
+    old rock, Boswell would live in the pit; he would make his bed in the
+    dungeon.' I felt a degree of elation, at finding my resolute feudal
+    enthusiasm thus confirmed by such a sanction. The lady was puzzled a
+    little. She still returned to her pretty farm,&mdash;rich ground,&mdash;fine
+    garden. 'Madam, (said Dr. Johnson,) were they in Asia, I would not leave
+    the rock.' My opinion on this subject is still the same. An ancient
+    family residence ought to be a primary object; and though the situation
+    of Dunvegan be such that little can be done here in gardening, or
+    pleasure-ground, yet, in addition to the veneration required by the
+    lapse of time, it has many circumstances of natural grandeur, suited to
+    the seat of a Highland Chief: it has the sea&mdash;islands&mdash;rocks,&mdash;hills,
+    &mdash;a noble cascade; and when the family is again in opulence, something
+    may be done by art.  Mr. Donald M'Queen went away to-day, in order to
+    preach at Bracadale next day. We were so comfortably situated at
+    Dunvegan, that Dr. Johnson could hardly be moved from it. I proposed to
+    him that we should leave it on Monday. 'No, Sir, (said he,) I will not
+    go before Wednesday. I will have some more of this good<a href="#note-617">[617]</a>.' However,
+    as the weather was at this season so bad, and so very uncertain, and we
+    had a great deal to do yet, Mr. M'Queen and I prevailed with him to
+    agree to set out on Monday, if the day should be good. Mr. M'Queen,
+    though it was inconvenient for him to be absent from his harvest,
+    engaged to wait on Monday at Ulinish for us. When he was going away, Dr.
+    Johnson said, 'I shall ever retain a great regard for you<a href="#note-618">[618]</a>;' then
+    asked him if he had <i>The Rambler</i>. Mr. M'Queen said, 'No; but my brother
+    has it.' JOHNSON. 'Have you <i>The Idler</i>? M'QUEEN. 'No, Sir.' JOHNSON.
+    'Then I will order one for you at Edinburgh, which you will keep in
+    remembrance of me.' Mr. M'Queen was much pleased with this. He expressed
+    to me, in the strongest terms, his admiration of Dr. Johnson's wonderful
+    knowledge, and every other quality for which he is distinguished. I
+    asked Mr. M'Queen, if he was satisfied with being a minister in Sky. He
+    said he was; but he owned that his forefathers having been so long
+    there, and his having been born there, made a chief ingredient in
+    forming his contentment. I should have mentioned that on our left hand,
+    between Portree and Dr. Macleod's house, Mr. M'Queen told me there had
+    been a college of the Knights Templars; that tradition said so; and that
+    there was a ruin remaining of their church, which had been burnt: but I
+    confess Dr. Johnson has weakened my belief in remote tradition. In the
+    dispute about <i>Anaitis</i>, Mr. M'Queen said, Asia Minor was peopled by
+    Scythians, and, as they were the ancestors of the Celts, the same
+    religion might be in Asia Minor and Sky. JOHNSON. 'Alas! Sir, what can a
+    nation that has not letters tell of its original. I have always
+    difficulty to be patient when I hear authours gravely quoted, as giving
+    accounts of savage nations, which accounts they had from the savages
+    themselves. What can the <i>M'Craas</i><a href="#note-619">[619]</a> tell about themselves a thousand
+    years ago? There is no tracing the connection of ancient nations, but by
+    language; and therefore I am always sorry when any language is lost,
+    because languages are the pedigree of nations<a href="#note-620">[620]</a>. If you find the same
+    language in distant countries, you may be sure that the inhabitants of
+    each have been the same people; that is to say, if you find the
+    languages a good deal the same; for a word here and there being the
+    same, will not do. Thus Butler, in his <i>Hudibras</i>, remembering that
+    <i>Penguin</i>, in the Straits of Magellan, signifies a bird with a white
+    head, and that the same word has, in Wales, the signification of a
+    white-headed wench, (<i>pen</i> head, and <i>guin</i> white,) by way of ridicule,
+    concludes that the people of those Straits are Welsh<a href="#note-621">[621]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    A young gentleman of the name of M'Lean, nephew to the Laird of the isle
+    of Muck, came this morning; and, just as we sat down to dinner, came the
+    Laird of the isle, of Muck himself, his lady, sister to Talisker, two
+    other ladies their relations, and a daughter of the late M'Leod of
+    Hamer, who wrote a treatise on the second sight, under the designation
+    of THEOPHILUS INSULANUS<a href="#note-622">[622]</a>. It was somewhat droll to hear this Laird
+    called by his title. <i>Muck</i> would have sounded ill; so he was called
+    <i>Isle of Muck</i>, which went off with great readiness. The name, as now
+    written, is unseemly, but it is not so bad in the original Erse, which
+    is <i>Mouach</i>, signifying the Sows' Island. Buchanan calls it INSULA
+    PORCORUM. It is so called from its form. Some call it Isle of <i>Monk</i>.
+    The Laird insists that this is the proper name. It was formerly
+    church-land belonging to Icolmkill, and a hermit lived in it. It is two
+    miles long, and about three quarters of a mile broad. The Laird said, he
+    had seven score of souls upon it. Last year he had eighty persons
+    inoculated, mostly children, but some of them eighteen years of age. He
+    agreed with the surgeon to come and do it, at half a crown a head. It is
+    very fertile in corn, of which they export some; and its coasts abound
+    in fish. A taylor comes there six times in a year. They get a good
+    blacksmith from the isle of Egg.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_43"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 19.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    It was rather worse weather than any that we had yet. At breakfast Dr.
+    Johnson said, 'Some cunning men choose fools for their wives, thinking
+    to manage them, but they always fail. There is a spaniel fool and a mule
+    fool. The spaniel fool may be made to do by beating. The mule fool will
+    neither do by words or blows; and the spaniel fool often turns mule at
+    last: and suppose a fool to be made do pretty well, you must have the
+    continual trouble of making her do. Depend upon it, no woman is the
+    worse for sense and knowledge.<a href="#note-623">[623]</a>' Whether afterwards he meant merely
+    to say a polite thing, or to give his opinion, I could not be sure; but
+    he added, 'Men know that women are an over-match for them, and therefore
+    they choose the weakest or most ignorant. If they did not think so, they
+    never could be afraid of women knowing as much as themselves.'<a href="#note-624">[624]</a> In
+    justice to the sex, I think it but candid to acknowledge, that, in a
+    subsequent conversation, he told me that he was serious in what he
+    had said.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He came to my room this morning before breakfast, to read my Journal,
+    which he has done all along. He often before said, 'I take great delight
+    in reading it.' To-day he said, 'You improve: it grows better and
+    better.' I observed, there was a danger of my getting a habit of writing
+    in a slovenly manner. 'Sir,' said he, 'it is not written in a slovenly
+    manner. It might be printed, were the subject fit for printing<a href="#note-625">[625]</a>.'
+    While Mr. Beaton preached to us in the dining-room, Dr. Johnson sat in
+    his own room, where I saw lying before him a volume of Lord Bacon's
+    works, <i>The Decay of Christian Piety</i>, Monboddo's <i>Origin of Language</i>,
+    and Sterne's <i>Sermons</i><a href="#note-626">[626]</a>. He asked me to-day how it happened that we
+    were so little together: I told him, my Journal took up much time. Yet,
+    on reflection, it appeared strange to me, that although I will run from
+    one end of London to another to pass an hour with him, I should omit to
+    seize any spare time to be in his company, when I am settled in the same
+    house with him. But my Journal is really a task of much time and labour,
+    and he forbids me to contract it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I omitted to mention, in its place, that Dr. Johnson told Mr. M'Queen
+    that he had found the belief of the second sight universal in Sky,
+    except among the clergy, who seemed determined against it. I took the
+    liberty to observe to Mr. M'Queen, that the clergy were actuated by a
+    kind of vanity. 'The world, (say they,) takes us to be credulous men in
+    a remote corner. We'll shew them that we are more enlightened than they
+    think.' The worthy man said, that his disbelief of it was from his not
+    finding sufficient evidence; but I could perceive that he was prejudiced
+    against it<a href="#note-627">[627]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After dinner to-day, we talked of the extraordinary fact of Lady
+    Grange's being sent to St. Kilda, and confined there for several years,
+    without any means of relief<a href="#note-628">[628]</a>. Dr. Johnson said, if M'Leod would let
+    it be known that he had such a place for naughty ladies, he might make
+    it a very profitable island. We had, in the course of our tour, heard of
+    St. Kilda poetry. Dr. Johnson observed, 'it must be very poor, because
+    they have very few images.' BOSWELL. 'There may be a poetical genius
+    shewn in combining these, and in making poetry of them.' JOHNSON. 'Sir,
+    a man cannot make fire but in proportion as he has fuel. He cannot coin
+    guineas but in proportion as he has gold.' At tea he talked of his
+    intending to go to Italy in 1775. M'Leod said, he would like Paris
+    better. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; there are none of the French literati now
+    alive, to visit whom I would cross a sea. I can find in Buffon's book
+    all that he can say<a href="#note-629">[629]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    After supper he said, 'I am sorry that prize-fighting is gone out<a href="#note-630">[630]</a>;
+    every art should be preserved, and the art of defence is surely
+    important. It is absurd that our soldiers should have swords, and not be
+    taught the use of them. Prize-fighting made people accustomed not to be
+    alarmed at seeing their own blood, or feeling a little pain from a
+    wound. I think the heavy <i>glaymore</i> was an ill-contrived weapon. A man
+    could only strike once with it. It employed both his hands, and he must
+    of course be soon fatigued with wielding it; so that if his antagonist
+    could only keep playing a while, he was sure of him. I would fight with
+    a dirk against Rorie More's sword. I could ward off a blow with a dirk,
+    and then run in upon my enemy. When within that heavy sword, I have him;
+    he is quite helpless, and I could stab him at my leisure, like a calf.
+    It is thought by sensible military men, that the English do not enough
+    avail themselves of their superior strength of body against the French;
+    for that must always have a great advantage in pushing with bayonets. I
+    have heard an officer say, that if women could be made to stand, they
+    would do as well as men in a mere interchange of bullets from a
+    distance: but, if a body of men should come close up to them, then to be
+    sure they must be overcome; now, (said he,) in the same manner the
+    weaker-bodied French must be overcome by our strong soldiers.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    The subject of duelling was introduced<a href="#note-631">[631]</a> JOHNSON. 'There is no case
+    in England where one or other of the combatants <i>must</i> die: if you have
+    overcome your adversary by disarming him, that is sufficient, though you
+    should not kill him; your honour, or the honour of your family, is
+    restored, as much as it can be by a duel. It is cowardly to force your
+    antagonist to renew the combat, when you know that you have the
+    advantage of him by superior skill. You might just as well go and cut
+    his throat while he is asleep in his bed. When a duel begins, it is
+    supposed there may be an equality; because it is not always skill that
+    prevails. It depends much on presence of mind; nay on accidents. The
+    wind may be in a man's face. He may fall. Many such things may decide
+    the superiority. A man is sufficiently punished, by being called out,
+    and subjected to the risk that is in a duel.' But on my suggesting that
+    the injured person is equally subjected to risk, he fairly owned he
+    could not explain the rationality of duelling.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_44"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 20.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    When I awaked, the storm was higher still. It abated about nine, and the
+    sun shone; but it rained again very soon, and it was not a day for
+    travelling. At breakfast, Dr. Johnson told us, 'there was once a pretty
+    good tavern in Catherine-street in the Strand, where very good company
+    met in an evening, and each man called for his own half-pint of wine, or
+    gill, if he pleased; they were frugal men, and nobody paid but for what
+    he himself drank. The house furnished no supper; but a woman attended
+    with mutton-pies, which any body might purchase. I was introduced to
+    this company by Cumming the Quaker<a href="#note-632">[632]</a>, and used to go there sometimes
+    when I drank wine. In the last age, when my mother lived in London,
+    there were two sets of people, those who gave the wall, and those who
+    took it; the peaceable and the quarrelsome. When I returned to
+    Lichfield, after having been in London, my mother asked me whether I was
+    one of those who gave the wall, or those who took it. Now, it is fixed
+    that every man keeps to the right; or, if one is taking the wall,
+    another yields it, and it is never a dispute<a href="#note-633">[633]</a>.' He was very severe
+    on a lady, whose name was mentioned. He said, he would have sent her to
+    St. Kilda. That she was as bad as negative badness could be, and stood
+    in the way of what was good: that insipid beauty would not go a great
+    way; and that such a woman might be cut out of a cabbage, if there was a
+    skilful artificer.
+</p>
+<p>
+    M'Leod was too late in coming to breakfast. Dr. Johnson said, laziness
+    was worse than the tooth-ach. BOSWELL. 'I cannot agree with you, Sir; a
+    bason of cold water or a horse whip will cure laziness.' JOHNSON. 'No,
+    Sir, it will only put off the fit; it will not cure the disease. I have
+    been trying to cure my laziness all my life, and could not do it.'
+    BOSWELL. 'But if a man does in a shorter time what might be the labour
+    of a life, there is nothing to be said against him.' JOHNSON (perceiving
+    at once that I alluded to him and his <i>Dictionary</i>). 'Suppose that
+    flattery to be true, the consequence would be, that the world would have
+    no right to censure a man; but that will not justify him to
+    himself<a href="#note-634">[634]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    After breakfast, he said to me, 'A Highland Chief should now endeavour
+    to do every thing to raise his rents, by means of the industry of his
+    people. Formerly, it was right for him to have his house full of idle
+    fellows; they were his defenders, his servants, his dependants, his
+    friends. Now they may be better employed. The system of things is now so
+    much altered, that the family cannot have influence but by riches,
+    because it has no longer the power of ancient feudal times. An
+    individual of a family may have it; but it cannot now belong to a
+    family, unless you could have a perpetuity of men with the same views.
+    M'Leod has four times the land that the Duke of Bedford has. I think,
+    with his spirit, he may in time make himself the greatest man in the
+    King's dominions; for land may always be improved to a certain degree. I
+    would never have any man sell land, to throw money into the funds, as is
+    often done, or to try any other species of trade. Depend upon it, this
+    rage of trade will destroy itself. You and I shall not see it; but the
+    time will come when there will be an end of it. Trade is like gaming. If
+    a whole company are gamesters, play must cease; for there is nothing to
+    be won. When all nations are traders, there is nothing to be gained by
+    trade<a href="#note-635">[635]</a>, and it will stop first where it is brought to the greatest
+    perfection. Then the proprietors of land only will be the great men.' I
+    observed, it was hard that M'Leod should find ingratitude in so many of
+    his people. JOHNSON. 'Sir, gratitude is a fruit of great cultivation;
+    you do not find it among gross people.' I doubt of this. Nature seems to
+    have implanted gratitude in all living creatures<a href="#note-636">[636]</a>. The lion,
+    mentioned by Aulus Gellius, had it<a href="#note-637">[637]</a>. It appears to me that culture,
+    which brings luxury and selfishness with it, has a tendency rather to
+    weaken than promote this affection.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson said this morning, when talking of our setting out, that he
+    was in the state in which Lord Bacon represents kings. He desired the
+    end, but did not like the means<a href="#note-638">[638]</a>. He wished much to get home, but
+    was unwilling to travel in Sky. 'You are like kings too in this, Sir,
+    (said I,) that you must act under the direction of others.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_45"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 21.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    The uncertainty of our present situation having prevented me from
+    receiving any letters from home for some time, I could not help being
+    uneasy. Dr. Johnson had an advantage over me, in this respect, he having
+    no wife or child to occasion anxious apprehensions in his mind<a href="#note-639">[639]</a>. It
+    was a good morning; so we resolved to set out. But, before quitting this
+    castle, where we have been so well entertained, let me give a short
+    description of it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Along the edge of the rock, there are the remains of a wall, which is
+    now covered with ivy. A square court is formed by buildings of different
+    ages, particularly some towers, said to be of great antiquity; and at
+    one place there is a row of false cannon of stone<a href="#note-640">[640]</a>. There is a very
+    large unfinished pile, four stories high, which we were told was here
+    when <i>Leod</i>, the first of this family, came from the Isle of Man,
+    married the heiress of the M'Crails, the ancient possessors of Dunvegan,
+    and afterwards acquired by conquest as much land as he had got by
+    marriage. He surpassed the house of Austria; for he was <i>felix</i> both
+    <i>bella gerere</i> et <i>nubere</i><a href="#note-641">[641]</a>. John <i>Breck</i> M'Leod, the grandfather of
+    the late laird, began to repair the castle, or rather to complete it:
+    but he did not live to finish his undertaking<a href="#note-642">[642]</a>. Not doubting,
+    however, that he should do it, he, like those who have had their
+    epitaphs written before they died, ordered the following inscription,
+    composed by the minister of the parish, to be cut upon a broad stone
+    above one of the lower windows, where it still remains to celebrate what
+    was not done, and to serve as a memento of the uncertainty of life, and
+    the presumption of man:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Joannes Macleod Beganoduni Dominus gentis suae Philarchus<a href="#note-643">[643]</a>,
+    Durinesiae Haraiae Vaternesiae, &amp;c.: Baro D. Florae Macdonald
+    matrimoniali vinculo conjugatus turrem hanc Beganodunensem proavorum
+    habitaculum longe vetustissimum diu penitus labefectatam Anno aerae
+    vulgaris MDCLXXXVI. instauravit.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Quem stabilire juvat proavorum tecta vetusta,
+      Omne scelus fugiat, justitiamque colat.
+      Vertit in aerias turres magalia virtus,
+      Inque casas humiles tecta superba nefas.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    M'Leod and Talisker accompanied us. We passed by the parish church of
+    <i>Durinish</i>. The church-yard is not inclosed, but a pretty murmuring
+    brook runs along one side of it. In it is a pyramid erected to the
+    memory of Thomas Lord Lovat, by his son Lord Simon, who suffered on
+    Tower-hill<a href="#note-644">[644]</a>. It is of free-stone, and, I suppose, about thirty feet
+    high. There is an inscription on a piece of white marble inserted in it,
+    which I suspect to have been the composition of Lord Lovat himself,
+    being much in his pompous style:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'This pyramid was erected by SIMON LORD FRASER of LOVAT, in honour of
+    Lord THOMAS his Father, a Peer of Scotland, and Chief of the great and
+    ancient Clan of the FRASERS. Being attacked for his birthright by the
+    family of ATHOLL, then in power and favour with KING WILLIAM, yet, by
+    the valour and fidelity of his clan, and the assistance of the
+    CAMPBELLS, the old friends and allies of his family, he defended his
+    birthright with such greatness and fermety of soul, and such valour and
+    activity, that he was an honour to his name, and a good pattern to all
+    brave Chiefs of clans. He died in the month of May, 1699, in the 63rd
+    year of his age, in Dunvegan, the house of the LAIRD of MAC LEOD, whose
+    sister he had married: by whom he had the above SIMON LORD FRASER, and
+    several other children. And, for the great love he bore to the family of
+    MAC LEOD, he desired to be buried near his wife's relations, in the
+    place where two of her uncles lay. And his son LORD SIMON, to shew to
+    posterity his great affection for his mother's kindred, the brave MAC
+    LEODS, chooses rather to leave his father's bones with them, than carry
+    them to his own burial-place, near Lovat.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I have preserved this inscription<a href="#note-645">[645]</a>, though of no great value,
+    thinking it characteristical of a man who has made some noise in the
+    world. Dr. Johnson said, it was poor stuff, such as Lord Lovat's butler
+    might have written.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I observed, in this church-yard, a parcel of people assembled at a
+    funeral, before the grave was dug. The coffin, with the corpse in it,
+    was placed on the ground, while the people alternately assisted in
+    making a grave. One man, at a little distance, was busy cutting a long
+    turf for it, with the crooked spade which is used in Sky; a very aukward
+    instrument. The iron part of it is like a plough-coulter. It has a rude
+    tree for a handle, in which a wooden pin is placed for the foot to press
+    upon. A traveller might, without further enquiry, have set this down as
+    the mode of burying in Sky. I was told, however, that the usual way is
+    to have a grave previously dug.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I observed to-day, that the common way of carrying home their grain here
+    is in loads on horseback. They have also a few sleds, or <i>cars</i>, as we
+    call them in Ayrshire, clumsily made, and rarely used<a href="#note-646">[646]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We got to Ulinish about six o'clock, and found a very good farm-house,
+    of two stories. Mr. M'Leod of Ulinish, the sheriff-substitute of the
+    island, was a plain honest gentleman, a good deal like an English
+    Justice of peace; not much given to talk, but sufficiently sagacious,
+    and somewhat droll. His daughter, though she was never out of Sky, was a
+    very well-bred woman. Our reverend friend, Mr. Donald M'Queen, kept his
+    appointment, and met us here.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Talking of Phipps's voyage to the North Pole, Dr. Johnson observed, that
+    it 'was conjectured that our former navigators have kept too near land,
+    and so have found the sea frozen far north, because the land hinders the
+    free motion of the tide; but, in the wide ocean, where the waves tumble
+    at their full convenience, it is imagined that the frost does not take
+    effect.'<a href="#note-647">[647]</a>
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_46"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 22.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    In the morning I walked out, and saw a ship, the Margaret of Clyde, pass
+    by with a number of emigrants on board. It was a melancholy sight. After
+    breakfast, we went to see what was called a subterraneous house, about a
+    mile off. It was upon the side of a rising ground. It was discovered by
+    a fox's having taken up his abode in it, and in chasing him, they dug
+    into it. It was very narrow and low, and seemed about forty feet in
+    length. Near it, we found the foundations of several small huts, built
+    of stone. Mr. M'Queen, who is always for making every thing as ancient
+    as possible, boasted that it was the dwelling of some of the first
+    inhabitants of the island, and observed, what a curiosity it was to find
+    here a specimen of the houses of the <i>Aborigines</i>, which he believed
+    could be found no where else; and it was plain that they lived without
+    fire. Dr. Johnson remarked, that they who made this were not in the
+    rudest state; for that it was more difficult to make <i>it</i> than to build
+    a house; therefore certainly those who made it were in possession of
+    houses, and had this only as a hiding-place. It appeared to me, that the
+    vestiges of houses, just by it, confirmed Dr. Johnson's opinion.
+</p>
+<p>
+    From an old tower, near this place, is an extensive view of
+    Loch-Braccadil, and, at a distance, of the isles of Barra and South
+    Uist; and on the land-side, the <i>Cuillin</i>, a prodigious range of
+    mountains, capped with rocky pinnacles in a strange variety of shapes.
+    They resemble the mountains near Corté in Corsica, of which there is a
+    very good print. They make part of a great range for deer, which, though
+    entirely devoid of trees, is in these countries called a <i>forest</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the afternoon, Ulinish carried us in his boat to an island possessed
+    by him, where we saw an immense cave, much more deserving the title of
+    <i>antrum immane</i><a href="#note-648">[648]</a> than that of the Sybil described by Virgil, which I
+    likewise have visited. It is one hundred and eighty feet long, about
+    thirty feet broad, and at least thirty feet high. This cave, we were
+    told, had a remarkable echo; but we found none<a href="#note-649">[649]</a>. They said it was
+    owing to the great rains having made it damp. Such are the excuses by
+    which the exaggeration of Highland narratives is palliated. There is a
+    plentiful garden at Ulinish, (a great rarity in Sky,) and several trees;
+    and near the house is a hill, which has an Erse name, signifying, <i>'the
+    hill of strife'</i>, where, Mr. M'Queen informed us, justice was of old
+    administered. It is like the <i>mons placiti</i> of Scone, or those hills
+    which are called <i>laws</i><a href="#note-650">[650]</a>, such as Kelly <i>law</i>, North Berwick <i>law</i>,
+    and several others. It is singular that this spot should happen now to
+    be the sheriff's residence.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We had a very cheerful evening, and Dr. Johnson talked a good deal on
+    the subject of literature. Speaking of the noble family of Boyle, he
+    said, that all the Lord Orrerys, till the present, had been writers.
+    The first wrote several plays<a href="#note-651">[651]</a>; the second[652] was Bentley's
+    antagonist; the third<a href="#note-653">[653]</a> wrote the <i>Life of Swift</i>, and several other
+    things; his son Hamilton wrote some papers in the <i>Adventurer</i> and
+    <i>World</i>. He told us, he was well acquainted with Swift's Lord Orrery. He
+    said, he was a feebleminded man; that, on the publication of Dr.
+    Delany's <i>Remarks</i> on his book, he was so much alarmed that he was
+    afraid to read them. Dr. Johnson comforted him, by telling him they were
+    both in the right; that Delany had seen most of the good side of
+    Swift,&mdash;Lord Orrery most of the bad. M'Leod asked, if it was not wrong
+    in Orrery to expose the defects of a man with whom he lived in intimacy.
+    JOHNSON. 'Why no, Sir, after the man is dead; for then it is done
+    historically<a href="#note-654">[654]</a>.' He added, 'If Lord Orrery had been rich, he would
+    have been a very liberal patron. His conversation was like his writings,
+    neat and elegant, but without strength. He grasped at more than his
+    abilities could reach; tried to pass for a better talker, a better
+    writer, and a better thinker than he was<a href="#note-655">[655]</a>. There was a quarrel
+    between him and his father, in which his father was to blame; because it
+    arose from the son's not allowing his wife to keep company with his
+    father's mistress. The old lord shewed his resentment in his
+    will<a href="#note-656">[656]</a>,&mdash;leaving his library from his son, and assigning, as his
+    reason, that he could not make use of it.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I mentioned the affectation of Orrery, in ending all his letters on the
+    <i>Life of Swift</i> in studied varieties of phrase<a href="#note-657">[657]</a>, and never in the
+    common mode of <i>'I am'</i>, &amp;c., an observation which I remember to have
+    been made several years ago by old Mr. Sheridan. This species of
+    affectation in writing, as a foreign lady of distinguished talents once
+    remarked to me, is almost peculiar to the English. I took up a volume of
+    Dryden, containing the CONQUEST of GRANADA, and several other plays, of
+    which all the dedications had such studied conclusions. Dr. Johnson
+    said, such conclusions were more elegant, and in addressing persons of
+    high rank, (as when Dryden dedicated to the Duke of York<a href="#note-658">[658]</a>,) they
+    were likewise more respectful. I agreed that <i>there</i> it was much better:
+    it was making his escape from the Royal presence with a genteel sudden
+    timidity, in place of having the resolution to stand still, and make a
+    formal bow.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Lord Orrery's unkind treatment of his son in his will, led us to talk of
+    the dispositions a man should have when dying. I said, I did not see why
+    a man should act differently with respect to those of whom he thought
+    ill when in health, merely because he was dying. JOHNSON. 'I should not
+    scruple to speak against a party, when dying; but should not do it
+    against an individual. It is told of Sixtus Quintus, that on his
+    death-bed, in the intervals of his last pangs, he signed
+    death-warrants<a href="#note-659">[659]</a>.' Mr. M'Queen said, he should not do so; he would
+    have more tenderness of heart. JOHNSON. 'I believe I should not either;
+    but Mr. M'Queen and I are cowards<a href="#note-660">[660]</a>. It would not be from tenderness
+    of heart; for the heart is as tender when a man is in health as when he
+    is sick, though his resolution may be stronger<a href="#note-661">[661]</a>. Sixtus Quintus was
+    a sovereign as well as a priest; and, if the criminals deserved death,
+    he was doing his duty to the last. You would not think a judge died ill,
+    who should be carried off by an apoplectick fit while pronouncing
+    sentence of death. Consider a class of men whose business it is to
+    distribute death:&mdash;soldiers, who die scattering bullets. Nobody thinks
+    they die ill on that account.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Talking of Biography, he said, he did not think that the life of any
+    literary man in England had been well written<a href="#note-662">[662]</a>. Beside the common
+    incidents of life, it should tell us his studies, his mode of living,
+    the means by which he attained to excellence, and his opinion of his own
+    works. He told us, he had sent Derrick to Dryden's relations, to gather
+    materials for his Life<a href="#note-663">[663]</a>; and he believed Derrick[664] had got all
+    that he himself should have got; but it was nothing. He added, he had a
+    kindness for Derrick, and was sorry he was dead.
+</p>
+<p>
+    His notion as to the poems published by Mr. M'Pherson, as the works of
+    Ossian, was not shaken here. Mr. M'Queen always evaded the point of
+    authenticity, saying only that Mr. M'Pherson's pieces fell far short of
+    those he knew in Erse, which were said to be Ossian's. JOHNSON. 'I hope
+    they do. I am not disputing that you may have poetry of great merit; but
+    that M'Pherson's is not a translation from ancient poetry. You do not
+    believe it. I say before you, you do not believe it, though you are very
+    willing that the world should believe it.' Mr. M'Queen made no answer
+    to this<a href="#note-665">[665]</a>. Dr. Johnson proceeded. 'I look upon M'Pherson's <i>Fingal</i>
+    to be as gross an imposition as ever the world was troubled with. Had it
+    been really an ancient work, a true specimen how men thought at that
+    time, it would have been a curiosity of the first rate. As a modern
+    production, it is nothing.' He said, he could never get the meaning of
+    an <i>Erse</i> song explained to him<a href="#note-666">[666]</a>. They told him, the chorus was
+    generally unmeaning. 'I take it, (said he,) Erse songs are like a song
+    which I remember: it was composed in Queen Elizabeth's time, on the Earl
+    of Essex: and the burthen was
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     "Radaratoo, radarate, radara tadara tandore."'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    'But surely,' said Mr. M'Queen, 'there were words to it, which had
+    meaning.' JOHNSON. 'Why, yes, Sir; I recollect a stanza, and you shall
+    have it:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     "O! then bespoke the prentices all,
+      Living in London, both proper and tall,
+      For Essex's sake they would fight all.
+        Radaratoo, radarate, radara, tadara, tandore<a href="#note-667">[667]</a>."'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    When Mr. M'Queen began again to expatiate on the beauty of Ossian's
+    poetry, Dr. Johnson entered into no farther controversy, but, with a
+    pleasant smile, only cried, 'Ay, ay; <i>Radaratoo radarate'</i>.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_47"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 23.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    I took <i>Fingal</i> down to the parlour in the morning, and tried a test
+    proposed by Mr. Roderick M'Leod, son to Ulinish. Mr. M'Queen had said he
+    had some of the poem in the original. I desired him to mention any
+    passage in the printed book, of which he could repeat the original. He
+    pointed out one in page 50 of the quarto edition, and read the Erse,
+    while Mr. Roderick M'Leod and I looked on the English;&mdash;and Mr. M'Leod
+    said, that it was pretty like what Mr. M'Queen had recited. But when Mr.
+    M'Queen read a description of Cuchullin's sword in Erse, together with a
+    translation of it in English verse, by Sir James Foulis, Mr. M'Leod
+    said, that was much more like than Mr. M'Pherson's translation of the
+    former passage. Mr. M'Queen then repeated in Erse a description of one
+    of the horses in Cuchillin's car. Mr. M'Leod said, Mr. M'Pherson's
+    English was nothing like it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    When Dr. Johnson came down, I told him that I had now obtained some
+    evidence concerning <i>Fingal</i>; for that Mr. M'Queen had repeated a
+    passage in the original Erse, which Mr. M'Pherson's translation was
+    pretty like; and reminded him that he himself had once said, he did not
+    require Mr. M'Pherson's <i>Ossian</i> to be more like the original than
+    Pope's <i>Homer</i>. JOHNSON. 'Well, Sir, this is just what I always
+    maintained. He has found names, and stories, and phrases, nay, passages
+    in old songs, and with them has blended his own compositions, and so
+    made what he gives to the world as the translation of an ancient poem.'
+    If this was the case, I observed, it was wrong to publish it as a poem
+    in six books. JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; and to ascribe it to a time too when
+    the Highlanders knew nothing of <i>books</i>, and nothing of <i>six</i>;&mdash;or
+    perhaps were got the length of counting six. We have been told, by
+    Condamine, of a nation that could count no more than four<a href="#note-668">[668]</a>. This
+    should be told to Monboddo; it would help him. There is as much charity
+    in helping a man down-hill, as in helping him up-hill.' BOSWELL. 'I
+    don't think there is as much charity.' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir, if his
+    <i>tendency</i> be downwards. Till he is at the bottom he flounders; get him
+    once there, and he is quiet. Swift tells, that Stella had a trick, which
+    she learned from Addison, of encouraging a man in absurdity, instead of
+    endeavouring to extricate him<a href="#note-669">[669]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. M'Queen's answers to the inquiries concerning <i>Ossian</i> were so
+    unsatisfactory, that I could not help observing, that, were he examined
+    in a court of justice, he would find himself under a necessity of being
+    more explicit. JOHNSON. 'Sir, he has told Blair a little too much, which
+    is published<a href="#note-670">[670]</a>; and he sticks to it. He is so much at the head of
+    things here, that he has never been accustomed to be closely examined;
+    and so he goes on quite smoothly.' BOSWELL. 'He has never had any body
+    to work<a href="#note-671">[671]</a> him.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; and a man is seldom disposed to
+    work himself; though he ought to work himself, to be sure.' Mr. M'Queen
+    made no reply<a href="#note-672">[672]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Having talked of the strictness with which witnesses are examined in
+    courts of justice, Dr. Johnson told us, that Garrick, though accustomed
+    to face multitudes, when produced as a witness in Westminster-hall, was
+    so disconcerted by a new mode of public appearance, that he could not
+    understand what was asked<a href="#note-673">[673]</a>. It was a cause where an actor claimed a
+    <i>free benefit</i>; that is to say, a benefit without paying the expence of
+    the house; but the meaning of the term was disputed. Garrick was asked,
+    'Sir, have you a free benefit?' 'Yes.' 'Upon what terms have you it?'
+    'Upon-the terms-of-a free benefit.' He was dismissed as one from whom no
+    information could be obtained. Dr. Johnson is often too hard on our
+    friend Mr. Garrick. When I asked him why he did not mention him in the
+    Preface to his <i>Shakspeare</i><a href="#note-674">[674]</a> he said, 'Garrick has been liberally
+    paid for any thing he has done for Shakspeare. If I should praise him, I
+    should much more praise the nation who paid him. He has not made
+    Shakspeare better known<a href="#note-675">[675]</a>; he cannot illustrate Shakspeare; so I have
+    reasons enough against mentioning him, were reasons necessary. There
+    should be reasons <i>for</i> it.' I spoke of Mrs. Montague's very high
+    praises of Garrick<a href="#note-676">[676]</a>. JOHNSON. 'Sir, it is fit she should say so
+    much, and I should say nothing. Reynolds is fond of her book, and I
+    wonder at it; for neither I, nor Beauclerk, nor Mrs. Thrale, could get
+    through it<a href="#note-677">[677]</a>.'  Last night Dr. Johnson gave us an account of the
+    whole process of tanning and of the nature of milk, and the various
+    operations upon it, as making whey, &amp;c. His variety of information is
+    surprizing<a href="#note-678">[678]</a>; and it gives one much satisfaction to find such a man
+    bestowing his attention on the useful arts of life. Ulinish was much
+    struck with his knowledge; and said, 'He is a great orator, Sir; it is
+    musick to hear this man speak.' A strange thought struck me, to try if
+    he knew any thing of an art, or whatever it should be called, which is
+    no doubt very useful in life, but which lies far out of the way of a
+    philosopher and a poet; I mean the trade of a butcher. I enticed him
+    into the subject, by connecting it with the various researches into the
+    manners and customs of uncivilized nations, that have been made by our
+    late navigators into the South Seas. I began with observing, that Mr.
+    (now Sir Joseph) Banks tells us, that the art of slaughtering animals
+    was not known in Otaheité, for, instead of bleeding to death their
+    dogs, (a common food with them,) they strangle them. This he told me
+    himself; and I supposed that their hogs were killed in the same way. Dr.
+    Johnson said, 'This must be owing to their not having knives,&mdash;though
+    they have sharp stones with which they can cut a carcase in pieces
+    tolerably.' By degrees, he shewed that he knew something even of
+    butchery. 'Different animals (said he) are killed differently. An ox is
+    knocked down, and a calf stunned; but a sheep has its throat cut,
+    without any thing being done to stupify it. The butchers have no view to
+    the ease of the animals, but only to make them quiet, for their own
+    safety and convenience. A sheep can give them little trouble. Hales<a href="#note-679">[679]</a>
+    is of opinion, that every animal should be blooded, without having any
+    blow given to it, because it bleeds better.' BOSWELL. 'That would be
+    cruel.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; there is not much pain, if the jugular vein
+    be properly cut.' Pursuing the subject, he said, the kennels of
+    Southwark ran with blood two or three days in the week; that he was
+    afraid there were slaughter-houses in more streets in London than one
+    supposes; (speaking with a kind of horrour of butchering;) and, yet he
+    added, 'any of us would kill a cow rather than not have beef.' I said we
+    <i>could</i> not. 'Yes, (said he,) any one may. The business of a butcher is
+    a trade indeed, that is to say, there is an apprenticeship served to it;
+    but it may be learnt in a month<a href="#note-680">[680]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I mentioned a club in London at the Boar's Head in Eastcheap, the very
+    tavern<a href="#note-681">[681]</a> where Falstaff and his joyous companions met; the members of
+    which all assume Shakspeare's characters. One is Falstaff, another
+    Prince Henry, another Bardolph, and so on. JOHNSON. 'Don't be of it,
+    Sir. Now that you have a name, you must be careful to avoid many things,
+    not bad in themselves, but which will lessen your character<a href="#note-682">[682]</a>. This
+    every man who has a name must observe. A man who is not publickly known
+    may live in London as he pleases, without any notice being taken of him;
+    but it is wonderful how a person of any consequence is watched. There
+    was a member of parliament, who wanted to prepare himself to speak on a
+    question that was to come on in the House; and he and I were to talk it
+    over together. He did not wish it should be known that he talked with
+    me; so he would not let me come to his house, but came to mine. Some
+    time after he had made his speech in the house, Mrs. Cholmondeley<a href="#note-683">[683]</a>,
+    a very airy<a href="#note-684">[684]</a> lady, told me, 'Well, you could make nothing of him!'
+    naming the gentleman; which was a proof that he was watched. I had once
+    some business to do for government, and I went to Lord North's.
+    Precaution was taken that it should not be known. It was dark before I
+    went; yet a few days after I was told, 'Well, you have been with Lord
+    North.' That the door of the prime minister should be watched is not
+    strange; but that a member of parliament should be watched, or that my
+    door should be watched, is wonderful.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We set out this morning on our way to Talisker, in Ulinish's boat,
+    having taken leave of him and his family. Mr. Donald M'Queen still
+    favoured us with his company, for which we were much obliged to him. As
+    we sailed along Dr. Johnson got into one of his fits of railing at the
+    Scots. He owned that they had been a very learned nation for a hundred
+    years, from about 1550 to about 1650; but that they afforded the only
+    instance of a people among whom the arts of civil life did not advance
+    in proportion with learning; that they had hardly any trade, any money,
+    or any elegance, before the Union; that it was strange that, with all
+    the advantages possessed by other nations, they had not any of those
+    conveniencies and embellishments which are the fruit of industry, till
+    they came in contact with a civilized people. 'We have taught you, (said
+    he,) and we'll do the same in time to all barbarous nations,&mdash;to the
+    Cherokees,&mdash;and at last to the Ouran-Outangs;' laughing with as much
+    glee as if Monboddo had been present. BOSWELL. 'We had wine before the
+    Union.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; you had some weak stuff, the refuse of
+    France, which would not make you drunk.' BOSWELL. 'I assure you, Sir,
+    there was a great deal of drunkenness.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; there were
+    people who died of dropsies, which they contracted in trying to get
+    drunk<a href="#note-685">[685]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I must here glean some of his conversation at Ulinish, which I have
+    omitted. He repeated his remark, that a man in a ship was worse than a
+    man in a jail<a href="#note-686">[686]</a>. 'The man in a jail, (said he,) has more room, better
+    food, and commonly better company, and is in safety.' 'Ay; but, (said
+    Mr. M'Queen,) the man in the ship has the pleasing hope of getting to
+    shore.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, I am not talking of a man's getting to shore; but
+    of a man while he is in a ship: and then, I say, he is worse than a man
+    while he is in a jail. A man in a jail <i>may</i> have the <i>"pleasing hope"</i>
+    of getting out. A man confined for only a limited time, actually <i>has</i>
+    it.' M'Leod mentioned his schemes for carrying on fisheries with spirit,
+    and that he would wish to understand the construction of boats. I
+    suggested that he might go to a dock-yard and work, as Peter the Great
+    did. JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir, he need not work. Peter the Great had not the
+    sense to see that the mere mechanical work may be done by any body, and
+    that there is the same art in constructing a vessel, whether the boards
+    are well or ill wrought. Sir Christopher Wren might as well have served
+    his time to a bricklayer, and first, indeed, to a brick-maker.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    There is a beautiful little island in the Loch of Dunvegan, called
+    <i>Isa</i>. M'Leod said, he would give it to Dr. Johnson, on condition of his
+    residing on it three months in the year; nay one month. Dr. Johnson was
+    highly amused with the fancy. I have seen him please himself with little
+    things, even with mere ideas like the present. He talked a great deal of
+    this island;&mdash;how he would build a house there,&mdash;how he would fortify
+    it,&mdash;how he would have cannon,&mdash;how he would plant,&mdash;how he would sally
+    out, and <i>take</i> the isle of Muck;&mdash;and then he laughed with uncommon
+    glee, and could hardly leave off. I have seen him do so at a small
+    matter that struck him, and was a sport to no one else<a href="#note-687">[687]</a>. Mr. Langton
+    told me, that one night he did so while the company were all grave about
+    him:&mdash;only Garrick, in his significant smart manner, darting his eyes
+    around, exclaimed, '<i>Very</i> jocose, to be sure!' M'Leod encouraged the
+    fancy of Doctor Johnson's becoming owner of an island; told him, that it
+    was the practice in this country to name every man by his lands; and
+    begged leave to drink to him in that mode: '<i>Island Isa</i>, your health!'
+    Ulinish, Talisker, Mr. M'Queen, and I, all joined in our different
+    manners, while Dr. Johnson bowed to each, with much good humour.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We had good weather, and a fine sail this day. The shore was varied with
+    hills, and rocks, and corn-fields, and bushes, which are here dignified
+    with the name of natural <i>wood</i>. We landed near the house of Ferneley, a
+    farm possessed by another gentleman of the name of M'Leod, who,
+    expecting our arrival, was waiting on the shore, with a horse for Dr.
+    Johnson. The rest of us walked. At dinner, I expressed to M'Leod the joy
+    which I had in seeing him on such cordial terms with his clan.
+    'Government (said he) has deprived us of our ancient power; but it
+    cannot deprive us of our domestick satisfactions. I would rather drink
+    punch in one of their houses, (meaning the houses of his people,) than
+    be enabled by their hardships to have claret in my own.<a href="#note-688">[688]</a>' This
+    should be the sentiment of every Chieftain. All that he can get by
+    raising his rents, is more luxury in his own house. Is it not better to
+    share the profits of his estate, to a certain degree, with his kinsmen,
+    and thus have both social intercourse and patriarchal influence?
+</p>
+<p>
+    We had a very good ride, for about three miles, to Talisker, where
+    Colonel M'Leod introduced us to his lady. We found here Mr. Donald
+    M'Lean, the young Laird of <i>Col</i>, (nephew to Talisker,) to whom I
+    delivered the letter with which I had been favoured by his uncle,
+    Professor M'Leod, at Aberdeen<a href="#note-689">[689]</a>. He was a little lively young man. We
+    found he had been a good deal in England, studying farming, and was
+    resolved to improve the value of his father's lands, without oppressing
+    his tenants, or losing the ancient Highland fashions.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Talisker is a better place than one commonly finds in Sky. It is
+    situated in a rich bottom. Before it is a wide expanse of sea, on each
+    hand of which are immense rocks; and, at some distance in the sea, there
+    are three columnal rocks rising to sharp points. The billows break with
+    prodigious force and noise on the coast of Talisker<a href="#note-690">[690]</a>. There are here
+    a good many well-grown trees. Talisker is an extensive farm. The
+    possessor of it has, for several generations, been the next heir to
+    M'Leod, as there has been but one son always in that family. The court
+    before the house is most injudiciously paved with the round blueish-grey
+    pebbles which are found upon the sea-shore; so that you walk as if upon
+    cannon-balls driven into the ground.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After supper, I talked of the assiduity of the Scottish clergy, in
+    visiting and privately instructing their parishioners, and observed how
+    much in this they excelled the English clergy. Dr. Johnson would not let
+    this pass. He tried to turn it off, by saying, 'There are different ways
+    of instructing. Our clergy pray and preach.' M'Leod and I pressed the
+    subject, upon which he grew warm, and broke forth: 'I do not believe
+    your people are better instructed. If they are, it is the blind leading
+    the blind; for your clergy are not instructed themselves.' Thinking he
+    had gone a little too far, he checked himself, and added, 'When I talk
+    of the ignorance of your clergy, I talk of them as a body: I do not mean
+    that there are not individuals who are learned (looking at Mr.
+    M'Queen<a href="#note-691">[691]</a>). I suppose there are such among the clergy in Muscovy. The
+    clergy of England have produced the most valuable books in support of
+    religion, both in theory and practice. What have your clergy done, since
+    you sunk into presbyterianism? Can you name one book of any value, on a
+    religious subject, written by them<a href="#note-692">[692]</a>?' We were silent. 'I'll help
+    you. Forbes wrote very well; but I believe he wrote before episcopacy
+    was quite extinguished.' And then pausing a little, he said, 'Yes, you
+    have Wishart AGAINST Repentance<a href="#note-693">[693]</a>.' BOSWELL. 'But, Sir, we are not
+    contending for the superior learning of our clergy, but for their
+    superior assiduity.' He bore us down again, with thundering against
+    their ignorance, and said to me, 'I see you have not been well taught;
+    for you have not charity.' He had been in some measure forced into this
+    warmth, by the exulting air which I assumed; for, when he began, he
+    said, 'Since you <i>will</i> drive the nail!' He again thought of good Mr.
+    M'Queen, and, taking him by the hand, said, 'Sir, I did not mean any
+    disrespect to you<a href="#note-694">[694]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Here I must observe, that he conquered by deserting his ground, and not
+    meeting the argument as I had put it. The assiduity of the Scottish
+    clergy is certainly greater than that of the English. His taking up the
+    topick of their not having so much learning, was, though ingenious, yet
+    a fallacy in logick. It was as if there should be a dispute whether a
+    man's hair is well dressed, and Dr. Johnson should say, 'Sir, his hair
+    cannot be well dressed; for he has a dirty shirt. No man who has not
+    clean linen has his hair well dressed.' When some days afterwards he
+    read this passage, he said, 'No, Sir; I did not say that a man's hair
+    could not be well dressed because he has not clean linen, but because
+    he is bald.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He used one argument against the Scottish clergy being learned, which I
+    doubt was not good. 'As we believe a man dead till we know that he is
+    alive; so we believe men ignorant till we know that they are learned.'
+    Now our maxim in law is, to presume a man alive, till we know he is
+    dead. However, indeed, it may be answered, that we must first know he
+    has lived; and that we have never known the learning of the Scottish
+    clergy. Mr. M'Queen, though he was of opinion that Dr. Johnson had
+    deserted the point really in dispute, was much pleased with what he
+    said, and owned to me, he thought it very just; and Mrs. M'Leod was so
+    much captivated by his eloquence, that she told me 'I was a good
+    advocate for a bad cause.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_48"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 24.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    This was a good day. Dr. Johnson told us, at breakfast, that he rode
+    harder at a fox chace than any body<a href="#note-695">[695]</a>. 'The English (said he) are the
+    only nation who ride hard a-hunting. A Frenchman goes out, upon a
+    managed<a href="#note-696">[696]</a> horse, and capers in the field, and no more thinks of
+    leaping a hedge than of mounting a breach. Lord Powerscourt laid a
+    wager, in France, that he would ride a great many miles in a certain
+    short time. The French academicians set to work, and calculated that,
+    from the resistance of the air, it was impossible. His lordship however
+    performed it.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Our money being nearly exhausted, we sent a bill for thirty pounds,
+    drawn on Sir William Forbes and Co.<a href="#note-697">[697]</a>, to Lochbraccadale, but our
+    messenger found it very difficult to procure cash for it; at length,
+    however, he got us value from the master of a vessel which was to carry
+    away some emigrants. There is a great scarcity of specie in Sky<a href="#note-698">[698]</a>.
+    Mr. M'Queen said he had the utmost difficulty to pay his servants'
+    wages, or to pay for any little thing which he has to buy. The rents are
+    paid in bills<a href="#note-699">[699]</a>, which the drovers give. The people consume a vast
+    deal of snuff and tobacco, for which they must pay ready money; and
+    pedlars, who come about selling goods, as there is not a shop in the
+    island, carry away the cash. If there were encouragement given to
+    fisheries and manufactures, there might be a circulation of money
+    introduced. I got one-and-twenty shillings in silver at Portree, which
+    was thought a wonderful store.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Talisker, Mr. M'Queen, and I, walked out, and looked at no less than
+    fifteen different waterfalls near the house, in the space of about a
+    quarter of a mile<a href="#note-700">[700]</a>. We also saw Cuchillin's well, said to have been
+    the favourite spring of that ancient hero. I drank of it. The water is
+    admirable. On the shore are many stones full of crystallizations in
+    the heart.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Though our obliging friend, Mr. M'Lean, was but the young laird, he had
+    the title of <i>Col</i> constantly given him. After dinner he and I walked to
+    the top of Prieshwell, a very high rocky hill, from whence there is a
+    view of Barra,&mdash;the Long Island,&mdash;Bernera,&mdash;the Loch of Dunvegan,&mdash;part
+    of Rum&mdash;part of Rasay, and a vast deal of the isle of Sky. Col, though
+    he had come into Sky with an intention to be at Dunvegan, and pass a
+    considerable time in the island, most politely resolved first to
+    conduct us to Mull, and then to return to Sky. This was a very fortunate
+    circumstance; for he planned an expedition for us of more variety than
+    merely going to Mull. He proposed we should see the islands of <i>Egg,
+    Muck, Col,</i> and <i>Tyr-yi</i>. In all these islands he could shew us every
+    thing worth seeing; and in Mull he said he should be as if at home, his
+    father having lands there, and he a farm.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson did not talk much to-day, but seemed intent in listening to
+    the schemes of future excursion, planned by Col. Dr. Birch<a href="#note-701">[701]</a>,
+    however, being mentioned, he said, he had more anecdotes than any man. I
+    said, Percy had a great many; that he flowed with them like one of the
+    brooks here. JOHNSON. 'If Percy is like one of the brooks here, Birch
+    was like the river Thames. Birch excelled Percy in that, as much as
+    Percy excels Goldsmith.' I mentioned Lord Hailes as a man of anecdote.
+    He was not pleased with him, for publishing only such memorials and
+    letters as were unfavourable for the Stuart family<a href="#note-702">[702]</a>. 'If, (said he,)
+    a man fairly warns you, "I am to give all the ill; do you find the
+    good;" he may: but if the object which he professes be to give a view of
+    a reign, let him tell all the truth. I would tell truth of the two
+    Georges, or of that scoundrel, King William<a href="#note-703">[703]</a>. Granger's
+    <i>Biographical History</i><a href="#note-704">[704]</a> is full of curious anecdote, but might have
+    been better done. The dog is a Whig. I do not like much to see a Whig in
+    any dress; but I hate to see a Whig in a parson's gown<a href="#note-705">[705]</a>.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_49"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 25.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    It was resolved that we should set out, in order to return to Slate, to
+    be in readiness to take boat whenever there should be a fair wind. Dr.
+    Johnson remained in his chamber writing a letter, and it was long before
+    we could get him into motion. He did not come to breakfast, but had it
+    sent to him. When he had finished his letter, it was twelve o'clock, and
+    we should have set out at ten. When I went up to him, he said to me, 'Do
+    you remember a song which begins,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     "Every island is a prison<a href="#note-706">[706]</a>
+      Strongly guarded by the sea;
+      Kings and princes, for that reason,
+      Prisoners are, as well as we?"'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    I suppose he had been thinking of our confined situation<a href="#note-707">[707]</a>. He would
+    fain have gone in a boat from hence, instead of riding back to Slate. A
+    scheme for it was proposed. He said, 'We'll not be driven tamely from
+    it:'-but it proved impracticable.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We took leave of M'Leod and Talisker, from whom we parted with regret.
+    Talisker, having been bred to physick, had a tincture of scholarship in
+    his conversation, which pleased Dr. Johnson, and he had some very good
+    books; and being a colonel in the Dutch service, he and his lady, in
+    consequence of having lived abroad, had introduced the ease and
+    politeness of the continent into this rude region.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Young Col was now our leader. Mr. M'Queen was to accompany us half a day
+    more. We stopped at a little hut, where we saw an old woman grinding
+    with the <i>quern</i>, the ancient Highland instrument, which it is said was
+    used by the Romans, but which, being very slow in its operation, is
+    almost entirely gone into disuse.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The walls of the cottages in Sky, instead of being one compacted mass
+    of stones, are often formed by two exterior surfaces of stone, filled up
+    with earth in the middle, which makes them very warm. The roof is
+    generally bad. They are thatched, sometimes with straw, sometimes with
+    heath, sometimes with fern. The thatch is secured by ropes of straw, or
+    of heath; and, to fix the ropes, there is a stone tied to the end of
+    each. These stones hang round the bottom of the roof, and make it look
+    like a lady's hair in papers; but I should think that, when there is
+    wind, they would come down, and knock people on the head.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We dined at the inn at Sconser, where I had the pleasure to find a
+    letter from my wife. Here we parted from our learned companion, Mr.
+    Donald M'Queen. Dr. Johnson took leave of him very affectionately,
+    saying, 'Dear Sir, do not forget me!' We settled, that he should write
+    an account of the Isle of Sky, which Dr. Johnson promised to revise. He
+    said, Mr. M'Queen should tell all that he could; distinguishing what he
+    himself knew, what was traditional, and what conjectural.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We sent our horses round a point of land, that we might shun some very
+    bad road; and resolved to go forward by sea. It was seven o'clock when
+    we got into our boat. We had many showers, and it soon grew pretty dark.
+    Dr. Johnson sat silent and patient. Once he said, as he looked on the
+    black coast of Sky,-black, as being composed of rocks seen in the
+    dusk,&mdash;'This is very solemn.' Our boatmen were rude singers, and seemed
+    so like wild Indians, that a very little imagination was necessary to
+    give one an impression of being upon an American river. We landed at
+    <i>Strolimus</i>, from whence we got a guide to walk before us, for two
+    miles, to <i>Corrichatachin</i>. Not being able to procure a horse for our
+    baggage, I took one portmanteau before me, and Joseph another. We had
+    but a single star to light us on our way. It was about eleven when we
+    arrived. We were most hospitably received by the master and mistress,
+    who were just going to bed, but, with unaffected ready kindness, made a
+    good fire, and at twelve o'clock at night had supper on the table.
+</p>
+<p>
+    James Macdonald, of <i>Knockow</i>, Kingsburgh's brother, whom we had seen at
+    Kingsburgh, was there. He shewed me a bond granted by the late Sir James
+    Macdonald, to old Kingsburgh, the preamble of which does so much honour
+    to the feelings of that much-lamented gentleman, that I thought it worth
+    transcribing. It was as follows:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I, Sir James Macdonald, of Macdonald, Baronet, now, after arriving at
+    my perfect age, from the friendship I bear to Alexander Macdonald of
+    Kingsburgh, and in return for the long and faithful services done and
+    performed by him to my deceased father, and to myself during my
+    minority, when he was one of my Tutors and Curators; being resolved, now
+    that the said Alexander Macdonald is advanced in years, to contribute my
+    endeavours for making his old age placid and comfortable,'&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    therefore he grants him an annuity of fifty pounds sterling.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson went to bed soon. When one bowl of punch was finished, I
+    rose, and was near the door, in my way up stairs to bed; but
+    Corrichatachin said, it was the first time Col had been in his house,
+    and he should have his bowl;-and would not I join in drinking it? The
+    heartiness of my honest landlord, and the desire of doing social honour
+    to our very obliging conductor, induced me to sit down again. Col's bowl
+    was finished; and by that time we were well warmed. A third bowl was
+    soon made, and that too was finished. We were cordial, and merry to a
+    high degree; but of what passed I have no recollection, with any
+    accuracy. I remember calling <i>Corrichatachin</i> by the familiar
+    appellation of <i>Corri</i>, which his friends do. A fourth bowl was made, by
+    which time Col, and young M'Kinnon, Corrichatachin's son, slipped away
+    to bed. I continued a little with Corri and Knockow; but at last I left
+    them. It was near five in the morning when I got to bed.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_50"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 26
+</h2>
+<p>
+    I awaked at noon, with a severe head-ach. I was much vexed that I should
+    have been guilty of such a riot, and afraid of a reproof from Dr.
+    Johnson. I thought it very inconsistent with that conduct which I ought
+    to maintain, while the companion of the Rambler. About one he came into
+    my room, and accosted me, 'What, drunk yet?' His tone of voice was not
+    that of severe upbraiding; so I was relieved a little. 'Sir, (said I,)
+    they kept me up.' He answered, 'No, you kept them up, you drunken
+    dog:'-This he said with good-humoured <i>English</i> pleasantry. Soon
+    afterwards, Corrichatachin, Col, and other friends assembled round my
+    bed. Corri had a brandy-bottle and glass with him, and insisted I should
+    take a dram. 'Ay, said Dr. Johnson, fill him drunk again. Do it in the
+    morning, that we may laugh at him all day. It is a poor thing for a
+    fellow to get drunk at night, and sculk to bed, and let his friends have
+    no sport.' Finding him thus jocular, I became quite easy; and when I
+    offered to get up, he very good naturedly said, 'You need be in no such
+    hurry now<a href="#note-708">[708]</a>.' I took my host's advice, and drank some brandy, which I
+    found an effectual cure for my head-ach. When I rose, I went into Dr.
+    Johnson's room, and taking up Mrs. M'Kinnon's Prayer-book, I opened it
+    at the twentieth Sunday after Trinity, in the epistle for which I read,
+    'And be not drunk with wine, wherein there is excess<a href="#note-709">[709]</a>.' Some would
+    have taken this as a divine interposition.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mrs. M'Kinnon told us at dinner, that old Kingsburgh, her father, was
+    examined at Mugstot, by General Campbell, as to the particulars of the
+    dress of the person who had come to his house in woman's clothes along
+    with Miss Flora M'Donald; as the General had received intelligence of
+    that disguise. The particulars were taken down in writing, that it might
+    be seen how far they agreed with the dress of the <i>Irish girl</i> who went
+    with Miss Flora from the Long Island. Kingsburgh, she said, had but one
+    song, which he always sung when he was merry over a glass. She dictated
+    the words to me, which are foolish enough:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Green sleeves<a href="#note-710">[710]</a> and pudding pies,
+      Tell me where my mistress lies,
+      And I'll be with her before she rise,
+      Fiddle and aw' together.
+
+      May our affairs abroad succeed,
+      And may our king come home with speed,
+      And all pretenders shake for dread,
+      And let <i>his</i> health go round.
+
+      To all our injured friends in need,
+      This side and beyond the Tweed!&mdash;
+      Let all pretenders shake for dread,
+      And let <i>his</i> health go round.
+         Green sleeves,' &amp;c.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    While the examination was going on, the present Talisker, who was there
+    as one of M'Leod's militia, could not resist the pleasantry of asking
+    Kingsburgh, in allusion to his only song, 'Had she <i>green sleeves</i>?'
+    Kingsburgh gave him no answer. Lady Margaret M'Donald was very angry at
+    Talisker for joking on such a serious occasion, as Kingsburgh was really
+    in danger of his life. Mrs. M'Kinnon added that Lady Margaret was quite
+    adored in Sky. That when she travelled through the island, the people
+    ran in crowds before her, and took the stones off the road, lest her
+    horse should stumble and she be hurt<a href="#note-711">[711]</a>. Her husband, Sir Alexander,
+    is also remembered with great regard. We were told that every week a
+    hogshead of claret was drunk at his table.
+</p>
+<p>
+    This was another day of wind and rain; but good cheer and good society
+    helped to beguile the time. I felt myself comfortable enough in the
+    afternoon. I then thought that my last night's riot was no more than
+    such a social excess as may happen without much moral blame; and
+    recollected that some physicians maintained, that a fever produced by it
+    was, upon the whole, good for health: so different are our reflections
+    on the same subject, at different periods; and such the excuses with
+    which we palliate what we know to be wrong.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_51"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 27.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Mr. Donald M'Leod, our original guide, who had parted from us at
+    Dunvegan, joined us again to-day. The weather was still so bad that we
+    could not travel. I found a closet here, with a good many books, beside
+    those that were lying about. Dr. Johnson told me, he found a library in
+    his room at Talisker; and observed, that it was one of the remarkable
+    things of Sky, that there were so many books in it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Though we had here great abundance of provisions, it is remarkable that
+    Corrichatachin has literally no garden: not even a turnip, a carrot, or
+    a cabbage. After dinner, we talked of the crooked spade used in Sky,
+    already described, and they maintained that it was better than the usual
+    garden-spade, and that there was an art in tossing it, by which those
+    who were accustomed to it could work very easily with it. 'Nay, (said
+    Dr. Johnson,) it may be useful in land where there are many stones to
+    raise; but it certainly is not a good instrument for digging good land.
+    A man may toss it, to be sure; but he will toss a light spade much
+    better: its weight makes it an incumbrance. A man <i>may</i> dig any land
+    with it; but he has no occasion for such a weight in digging good land.
+    You may take a field piece to shoot sparrows; but all the sparrows you
+    can bring home will not be worth the charge.' He was quite social and
+    easy amongst them; and, though he drank no fermented liquor, toasted
+    Highland beauties with great readiness. His conviviality engaged them so
+    much, that they seemed eager to shew their attention to him, and vied
+    with each other in crying out, with a strong Celtick pronunciation,
+    'Toctor Shonson, Toctor Shonson, your health!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    This evening one of our married ladies, a lively pretty little woman,
+    good-humouredly sat down upon Dr. Johnson's knee, and, being encouraged
+    by some of the company, put her hands round his neck, and kissed him.
+    'Do it again, (said he,) and let us see who will tire first.' He kept
+    her on his knee some time, while he and she drank tea. He was now like a
+    <i>buck</i><a href="#note-712">[712]</a> indeed. All the company were much entertained to find him so
+    easy and pleasant. To me it was highly comick, to see the grave
+    philosopher,&mdash;the Rambler,-toying with a Highland beauty<a href="#note-713">[713]</a>!&mdash;But what
+    could he do? He must have been surly, and weak too, had he not behaved
+    as he did. He would have been laughed at, and not more respected, though
+    less loved.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He read to-night, to himself, as he sat in company, a great deal of my
+    Journal, and said to me, 'The more I read of this, I think the more
+    highly of you.' The gentlemen sat a long time at their punch, after he
+    and I had retired to our chambers. The manner in which they were
+    attended struck me as singular:&mdash;The bell being broken, a smart lad lay
+    on a table in the corner of the room, ready to spring up and bring the
+    kettle, whenever it was wanted. They continued drinking, and singing
+    Erse songs, till near five in the morning, when they all came into my
+    room, where some of them had beds. Unluckily for me, they found a bottle
+    of punch in a corner, which they drank; and Corrichatachin went for
+    another, which they also drank. They made many apologies for disturbing
+    me. I told them, that, having been kept awake by their mirth, I had once
+    thoughts of getting up, and joining them again. Honest Corrichatachin
+    said, 'To have had you done so, I would have given a cow.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_52"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 28.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    The weather was worse than yesterday. I felt as if imprisoned. Dr.
+    Johnson said, it was irksome to be detained thus: yet he seemed to have
+    less uneasiness, or more patience, than I had. What made our situation
+    worse here was, that we had no rooms that we could command; for the good
+    people had no notion that a man could have any occasion but for a mere
+    sleeping-place; so, during the day, the bed chambers were common to all
+    the house. Servants eat in Dr. Johnson's; and mine was a kind of general
+    rendezvous of all under the roof, children and dogs not excepted. As the
+    gentlemen occupied the parlour, the ladies had no place to sit in,
+    during the day, but Dr. Johnson's room. I had always some quiet time for
+    writing in it, before he was up; and, by degrees, I accustomed the
+    ladies to let me sit in it after breakfast, at my <i>Journal</i>, without
+    minding me.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson was this morning for going to see as many islands as we
+    could; not recollecting the uncertainty of the season, which might
+    detain us in one place for many weeks. He said to me, 'I have more the
+    spirit of adventure than you.' For my part, I was anxious to get to
+    Mull, from whence we might almost any day reach the main land.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson mentioned, that the few ancient Irish gentlemen yet
+    remaining have the highest pride of family; that Mr. Sandford, a friend
+    of his, whose mother was Irish, told him, that O'Hara (who was true
+    Irish, both by father and mother) and he, and Mr. Ponsonby, son to the
+    Earl of Besborough, the greatest man of the three, but of an English
+    family, went to see one of those ancient Irish, and that he
+    distinguished them thus: 'O'Hara, you are welcome! Mr. Sandford, your
+    mother's son is welcome! Mr. Ponsonby, you may sit down.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He talked both of threshing and thatching. He said, it was very
+    difficult to determine how to agree with a thresher. 'If you pay him by
+    the day's wages, he will thresh no more than he pleases; though to be
+    sure, the negligence of a thresher is more easily detected than that of
+    most labourers, because he must always make a sound while he works. If
+    you pay him by the piece, by the quantity of grain which he produces, he
+    will thresh only while the grain comes freely, and, though he leaves a
+    good deal in the ear, it is not worth while to thresh the straw over
+    again; nor can you fix him to do it sufficiently, because it is so
+    difficult to prove how much less a man threshes than he ought to do.
+    Here then is a dilemma: but, for my part, I would engage him by the day:
+    I would rather trust his idleness than his fraud.' He said, a roof
+    thatched with Lincolnshire reeds would last seventy years, as he was
+    informed when in that county; and that he told this in London to a great
+    thatcher, who said, he believed it might be true. Such are the pains
+    that Dr. Johnson takes to get the best information on every
+    subject<a href="#note-714">[714]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He proceeded:&mdash;'It is difficult for a farmer in England to find
+    day-labourers, because the lowest manufacturers can always get more than
+    a day-labourer. It is of no consequence how high the wages of
+    manufacturers are; but it would be of very bad consequence to raise the
+    wages of those who procure the immediate necessaries of life, for that
+    would raise the price of provisions. Here then is a problem for
+    politicians. It is not reasonable that the most useful body of men
+    should be the worst paid; yet it does not appear how it can be ordered
+    otherwise. It were to be wished, that a mode for its being otherwise
+    were found out. In the mean time, it is better to give temporary
+    assistance by charitable contributions to poor labourers, at times when
+    provisions are high, than to raise their wages; because, if wages are
+    once raised, they will never get down again<a href="#note-715">[715]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Happily the weather cleared up between one and two o'clock, and we got
+    ready to depart; but our kind host and hostess would not let us go
+    without taking a <i>snatch</i>, as they called it; which was in truth a very
+    good dinner. While the punch went round, Dr. Johnson kept a close
+    whispering conference with Mrs. M'Kinnon, which, however, was loud
+    enough to let us hear that the subject of it was the particulars of
+    Prince Charles's escape. The company were entertained and pleased to
+    observe it. Upon that subject, there was something congenial between the
+    soul of Dr. Samuel Johnson, and that of an isle of Sky farmer's wife. It
+    is curious to see people, how far so ever removed from each other in the
+    general system of their lives, come close together on a particular point
+    which is common to each. We were merry with Corrichatachin, on Dr.
+    Johnson's whispering with his wife. She, perceiving this, humourously
+    cried, 'I am in love with him. What is it to live and not to love?' Upon
+    her saying something, which I did not hear, or cannot recollect, he
+    seized her hand eagerly, and kissed it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    As we were going, the Scottish phrase of '<i>honest man</i>!' which is an
+    expression of kindness and regard, was again and again applied by the
+    company to Dr. Johnson. I was also treated with much civility; and I
+    must take some merit from my assiduous attention to him, and from my
+    contriving that he shall be easy wherever he goes, that he shall not be
+    asked twice to eat or drink any thing (which always disgusts him), that
+    he shall be provided with water at his meals, and many such little
+    things, which, if not attended to, would fret him. I also may be allowed
+    to claim some merit in leading the conversation: I do not mean leading,
+    as in an orchestra, by playing the first fiddle; but leading as one does
+    in examining a witness&mdash;starting topics, and making him pursue them. He
+    appears to me like a great mill, into which a subject is thrown to be
+    ground. It requires, indeed, fertile minds to furnish materials for this
+    mill. I regret whenever I see it unemployed; but sometimes I feel myself
+    quite barren, and have nothing to throw in. I know not if this mill be a
+    good figure; though Pope makes his mind a mill for turning verses<a href="#note-716">[716]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We set out about four. Young Corrichatachin went with us. We had a fine
+    evening, and arrived in good time at <i>Ostig</i>, the residence of Mr.
+    Martin M'Pherson, minister of Slate. It is a pretty good house, built by
+    his father, upon a farm near the church. We were received here with much
+    kindness by Mr. and Mrs. M'Pherson, and his sister, Miss M'Pherson, who
+    pleased Dr. Johnson much, by singing Erse songs, and playing on the
+    guittar. He afterwards sent her a present of his <i>Rasselas</i>. In his
+    bed-chamber was a press stored with books, Greek, Latin, French, and
+    English, most of which had belonged to the father of our host, the
+    learned Dr. M'Pherson; who, though his <i>Dissertations</i> have been
+    mentioned in a former page<a href="#note-717">[717]</a> as unsatisfactory, was a man of
+    distinguished talents. Dr. Johnson looked at a Latin paraphrase of the
+    song of Moses, written by him, and published in the <i>Scots Magazine</i> for
+    1747, and said, 'It does him honour; he has a good deal of Latin, and
+    good Latin.' Dr. M'Pherson published also in the same magazine, June
+    1739, an original Latin ode, which he wrote from the isle of Barra,
+    where he was minister for some years. It is very poetical, and exhibits
+    a striking proof how much all things depend upon comparison: for Barra,
+    it seems, appeared to him so much worse than Sky, his <i>natale
+    solum</i><a href="#note-718">[718]</a>, that he languished for its 'blessed mountains,' and thought
+    himself buried alive amongst barbarians where he was. My readers will
+    probably not be displeased to have a specimen of this ode:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Hei mihi! quantos patior dolores,
+      Dum procul specto juga ter beata;
+      Dum ferae Barrae steriles arenas
+           Solus oberro.
+     'Ingemo, indignor, crucior, quod inter
+      Barbaros Thulen lateam colentes;
+      Torpeo languens, morior sepultus,
+           Carcere coeco.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    After wishing for wings to fly over to his dear country, which was in
+    his view, from what he calls <i>Thule</i>, as being the most western isle of
+    Scotland, except St. Kilda; after describing the pleasures of society,
+    and the miseries of solitude, he at last, with becoming propriety, has
+    recourse to the only sure relief of thinking men,&mdash;<i>Sursum
+    corda</i><a href="#note-719">[719]</a>&mdash;the hope of a better world, disposes his mind to
+    resignation:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Interim fiat, tua, rex, voluntas:
+      Erigor sursum quoties subit spes
+      Certa migrandi Solymam supernam,
+           Numinis aulam.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    He concludes in a noble strain of orthodox piety:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Vita tum demum vocitanda vita est.
+      Tum licet gratos socios habere,
+      Seraphim et sanctos TRIADEM verendam
+           Concelebrantes.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<a name="2H_4_53"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 29<a href="#note-720">[720]</a>.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    After a very good sleep, I rose more refreshed than I had been for some
+    nights. We were now at but a little distance from the shore, and saw the
+    sea from our windows, which made our voyage seem nearer. Mr. M'Pherson's
+    manners and address pleased us much. He appeared to be a man of such
+    intelligence and taste as to be sensible of the extraordinary powers of
+    his illustrious guest. He said to me, 'Dr. Johnson is an honour to
+    mankind; and, if the expression may be used, is an honour to religion.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Col, who had gone yesterday to pay a visit at Camuscross, joined us this
+    morning at breakfast. Some other gentlemen also came to enjoy the
+    entertainment of Dr. Johnson's conversation. The day was windy and
+    rainy, so that we had just seized a happy interval for our journey last
+    night. We had good entertainment here, better accommodation than at
+    Corrichatachin, and time enough to ourselves. The hours slipped along
+    imperceptibly. We talked of Shenstone. Dr. Johnson said he was a good
+    layer-out of land<a href="#note-721">[721]</a>, but would not allow him to approach excellence
+    as a poet. He said, he believed he had tried to read all his <i>Love
+    Pastorals</i>, but did not get through them. I repeated the stanza,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'She gazed as I slowly withdrew;
+        My path I could hardly discern;
+      So sweetly she bade me adieu,
+        I thought that she bade me return<a href="#note-722">[722]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    He said, 'That seems to be pretty.' I observed that Shenstone, from his
+    short maxims in prose, appeared to have some power of thinking; but Dr.
+    Johnson would not allow him that merit<a href="#note-723">[723]</a>. He agreed, however, with
+    Shenstone, that it was wrong in the brother of one of his correspondents
+    to burn his letters<a href="#note-724">[724]</a>: 'for, (said he,) Shenstone was a man whose
+    correspondence was an honour.' He was this afternoon full of critical
+    severity, and dealt about his censures on all sides. He said, Hammond's
+    <i>Love Elegies</i> were poor things<a href="#note-725">[725]</a>. He spoke contemptuously of our
+    lively and elegant, though too licentious, Lyrick bard, Hanbury
+    Williams, and said, 'he had no fame, but from boys who drank with
+    him<a href="#note-726">[726]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    While he was in this mood, I was unfortunate enough, simply perhaps, but
+    I could not help thinking, undeservedly, to come within 'the whiff and
+    wind of his fell sword<a href="#note-727">[727]</a>.' I asked him, if he had ever been
+    accustomed to wear a night-cap. He said 'No.' I asked, if it was best
+    not to wear one. JOHNSON. 'Sir, I had this custom by chance, and perhaps
+    no man shall ever know whether it is best to sleep with or without a
+    night-cap.' Soon afterwards he was laughing at some deficiency in the
+    Highlands, and said, 'One might as well go without shoes and stockings.'
+    Thinking to have a little hit at his own deficiency, I ventured to
+    add,&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;' or without a night-cap, Sir.' But I had better have been
+    silent; for he retorted directly. 'I do not see the connection there
+    (laughing). Nobody before was ever foolish enough to ask whether it was
+    best to wear a night-cap or not. This comes of being a little
+    wrong-headed.' He carried the company along with him: and yet the truth
+    is, that if he had always worn a night-cap, as is the common practice,
+    and found the Highlanders did not wear one, he would have wondered at
+    their barbarity; so that my hit was fair enough.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_54"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 30.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    There was as great a storm of wind and rain as I have almost ever seen,
+    which necessarily confined us to the house; but we were fully
+    compensated by Dr. Johnson's conversation. He said, he did not grudge
+    Burke's being the first man in the House of Commons, for he was the
+    first man every where; but he grudged that a fellow who makes no figure
+    in company, and has a mind as narrow as the neck of a vinegar cruet,
+    should make a figure in the House of Commons, merely by having the
+    knowledge of a few forms, and being furnished with a little occasional
+    information<a href="#note-728">[728]</a>. He told us, the first time he saw Dr. Young was at the
+    house of Mr. Richardson, the author of <i>Clarissa</i>. He was sent for, that
+    the doctor might read to him his <i>Conjectures on original
+    Composition</i><a href="#note-729">[729]</a>, which he did, and Dr. Johnson made his remarks; and
+    he was surprized to find Young receive as novelties, what he thought
+    very common maxims. He said, he believed Young was not a great scholar,
+    nor had studied regularly the art of writing<a href="#note-730">[730]</a>; that there were very
+    fine things in his <i>Night Thoughts</i><a href="#note-731">[731]</a>, though you could not find
+    twenty lines together without some extravagance. He repeated two
+    passages from his <i>Love of Fame</i>,&mdash;the characters of Brunetta<a href="#note-732">[732]</a> and
+    Stella<a href="#note-733">[733]</a>, which he praised highly. He said Young pressed him much to
+    come to Wellwyn. He always intended it, but never went<a href="#note-734">[734]</a>. He was
+    sorry when Young died. The cause of quarrel between Young and his son,
+    he told us, was, that his son insisted Young should turn away a
+    clergyman's widow, who lived with him, and who, having acquired great
+    influence over the father, was saucy to the son. Dr. Johnson said, she
+    could not conceal her resentment at him, for saying to Young, that 'an
+    old man should not resign himself to the management of any body.' I
+    asked him, if there was any improper connection between them. 'No, Sir,
+    no more than between two statues. He was past fourscore, and she a very
+    coarse woman. She read to him, and I suppose made his coffee, and
+    frothed his chocolate, and did such things as an old man wishes to have
+    done for him.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Doddridge being mentioned, he observed that 'he was author of one of
+    the finest epigrams in the English language. It is in Orton's Life of
+    him.<a href="#note-735">[735]</a> The subject is his family motto,&mdash;<i>Dum vivimus, vivamus</i>;
+    which, in its primary signification, is, to be sure, not very suitable
+    to a Christian divine; but he paraphrased it thus:
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     "Live, while you live, the <i>epicure</i> would say,
+      And seize the pleasures of the present day.
+      Live, while you live, the sacred <i>preacher</i> cries,
+      And give to GOD each moment as it flies.
+      Lord, in my views let both united be;
+      I live in <i>pleasure</i>, when I live to <i>thee</i>."'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    I asked if it was not strange that government should permit so many
+    infidel writings to pass without censure. JOHNSON. 'Sir, it is mighty
+    foolish. It is for want of knowing their own power. The present family
+    on the throne came to the crown against the will of nine tenths of the
+    people.<a href="#note-736">[736]</a> Whether those nine tenths were right or wrong, it is not
+    our business now to enquire. But such being the situation of the royal
+    family, they were glad to encourage all who would be their friends. Now
+    you know every bad man is a Whig; every man who has loose notions. The
+    church was all against this family. They were, as I say, glad to
+    encourage any friends; and therefore, since their accession, there is no
+    instance of any man being kept back on account of his bad principles;
+    and hence this inundation of impiety<a href="#note-737">[737]</a>.' I observed that Mr. Hume,
+    some of whose writings were very unfavourable to religion, was, however,
+    a Tory. JOHNSON. 'Sir, Hume is a Tory by chance<a href="#note-738">[738]</a> as being a
+    Scotchman; but not upon a principle of duty; for he has no principle. If
+    he is any thing, he is a Hobbist.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    There was something not quite serene in his humour to-night, after
+    supper; for he spoke of hastening away to London, without stopping much
+    at Edinburgh. I reminded him that he had General Oughton and many others
+    to see. JOHNSON. 'Nay, I shall neither go in jest, nor stay in jest. I
+    shall do what is fit.' BOSWELL. 'Ay, Sir, but all I desire is, that you
+    will let me tell you when it is fit.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, I shall not consult
+    you.' BOSWELL. 'If you are to run away from us, as soon as you get
+    loose, we will keep you confined in an island.' He was, however, on the
+    whole, very good company. Mr. Donald McLeod expressed very well the
+    gradual impression made by Dr. Johnson on those who are so fortunate as
+    to obtain his acquaintance. 'When you see him first, you are struck with
+    awful reverence;&mdash;then you admire him;&mdash;and then you love him
+    cordially.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I read this evening some part of Voltaire's <i>History of the War</i> in
+    1741<a href="#note-739">[739]</a>, and of Lord Kames against Hereditary Indefeasible Right. This
+    is a very slight circumstance, with which I should not trouble my
+    reader, but for the sake of observing that every man should keep minutes
+    of whatever he reads. Every circumstance of his studies should be
+    recorded; what books he has consulted; how much of them he has read; at
+    what times; how often the same authors; and what opinions he formed of
+    them, at different periods of his life. Such an account would much
+    illustrate the history of his mind.<a href="#note-740">[740]</a>
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_55"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    FRIDAY, OCTOBER 1.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    I shewed to Dr. Johnson verses in a magazine, on his <i>Dictionary</i>,
+    composed of uncommon words taken from it:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Little of <i>Anthropopathy</i><a href="#note-741">[741]</a> has he,' &amp;c.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    He read a few of them, and said, 'I am not answerable for all the words
+    in my <i>Dictionary</i>'. I told him that Garrick kept a book of all who had
+    either praised or abused him. On the subject of his own reputation, he
+    said,' Now that I see it has been so current a topick, I wish I had done
+    so too; but it could not well be done now, as so many things are
+    scattered in newspapers.' He said he was angry at a boy of Oxford, who
+    wrote in his defence against Kenrick; because it was doing him hurt to
+    answer Kenrick. He was told afterwards, the boy was to come to him to
+    ask a favour. He first thought to treat him rudely, on account of his
+    meddling in that business; but then he considered, he had meant to do
+    him all the service in his power, and he took another resolution; he
+    told him he would do what he could for him, and did so; and the boy was
+    satisfied. He said, he did not know how his pamphlet was done, as he had
+    'read very little of it. The boy made a good figure at Oxford, but
+    died.<a href="#note-742">[742]</a> He remarked, that attacks on authors did them much service.
+    'A man who tells me my play is very bad, is less my enemy than he who
+    lets it die in silence. A man whose business it is to be talked of, is
+    much helped by being attacked.'<a href="#note-743">[743]</a> Garrick, I observed, had been often
+    so helped. JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; though Garrick had more opportunities
+    than almost any man, to keep the publick in mind of him, by exhibiting
+    himself to such numbers, he would not have had so much reputation, had
+    he not been so much attacked. Every attack produces a defence; and so
+    attention is engaged. There is no sport in mere praise, when people are
+    all of a mind.' BOSWELL. 'Then Hume is not the worse for Beattie's
+    attack?<a href="#note-744">[744]</a>' JOHNSON. 'He is, because Beattie has confuted him. I do
+    not say, but that there may be some attacks which will hurt an author.
+    Though Hume suffered from Beattie, he was the better for other attacks.'
+    (He certainly could not include in that number those of Dr. Adams<a href="#note-745">[745]</a>,
+    and Mr. Tytler<a href="#note-746">[746]</a>.) BOSWELL. 'Goldsmith is the better for attacks.'
+    JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; but he does not think so yet. When Goldsmith and I
+    published, each of us something, at the same time<a href="#note-747">[747]</a>, we were given to
+    understand that we might review each other. Goldsmith was for accepting
+    the offer. I said, No; set Reviewers at defiance. It was said to old
+    Bentley, upon the attacks against him, "Why, they'll write you down."
+    "No, Sir," he replied; "depend upon it, no man was ever written down but
+    by himself<a href="#note-748">[748]</a>." 'He observed to me afterwards, that the advantages
+    authors derived from attacks, were chiefly in subjects of taste, where
+    you cannot confute, as so much may be said on either side.<a href="#note-749">[749]</a> He told
+    me he did not know who was the authour of the <i>Adventures of a
+    Guinea</i><a href="#note-750">[750]</a>, but that the bookseller had sent the first volume to him
+    in manuscript, to have his opinion if it should be printed; and he
+    thought it should.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The weather being now somewhat better, Mr. James McDonald, factor to Sir
+    Alexander McDonald in Slate, insisted that all the company at Ostig
+    should go to the house at Armidale, which Sir Alexander had left, having
+    gone with his lady to Edinburgh, and be his guests, till we had an
+    opportunity of sailing to Mull. We accordingly got there to dinner; and
+    passed our day very cheerfully, being no less than fourteen in number.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_56"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SATURDAY, OCTOBER 2.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson said, that 'a Chief and his Lady should make their house
+    like a court. They should have a certain number of the gentlemen's
+    daughters to receive their education in the family, to learn pastry and
+    such things from the housekeeper, and manners from my lady. That was the
+    way in the great families in Wales; at Lady Salisbury's,<a href="#note-751">[751]</a> Mrs.
+    Thrale's grandmother, and at Lady Philips's.<a href="#note-752">[752]</a> I distinguish the
+    families by the ladies, as I speak of what was properly their province.
+    There were always six young ladies at Sir John Philips's: when one was
+    married, her place was filled up. There was a large school-room, where
+    they learnt needle-work and other things.' I observed, that, at some
+    courts in Germany, there were academies for the pages, who are the sons
+    of gentlemen, and receive their education without any expence to their
+    parents. Dr. Johnson said, that manners were best learned at those
+    courts.' You are admitted with great facility to the prince's company,
+    and yet must treat him with much respect. At a great court, you are at
+    such a distance that you get no good.' I said, 'Very true: a man sees
+    the court of Versailles, as if he saw it on a theatre.' He said, 'The
+    best book that ever was written upon good breeding, <i>Il Corteggiano</i>, by
+    Castiglione<a href="#note-753">[753]</a>, grew up at the little court of Urbino, and you should
+    read it.' I am glad always to have his opinion of books. At Mr.
+    McPherson's, he commended Whitby's <i>Commentary</i><a href="#note-754">[754]</a>, and said, he had
+    heard him called rather lax; but he did not perceive it. He had looked
+    at a novel, called <i>The Man of the World</i><a href="#note-755">[755]</a>, at Rasay, but thought
+    there was nothing in it. He said to-day, while reading my <i>Journal</i>,
+    'This will be a great treasure to us some years hence.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Talking of a very penurious gentleman of our acquaintance<a href="#note-756">[756]</a>, he
+    observed, that he exceeded <i>L'Avare</i> in the play<a href="#note-757">[757]</a>. I concurred with
+    him, and remarked that he would do well, if introduced in one of Foote's
+    farces; that the best way to get it done, would be to bring Foote to be
+    entertained at his house for a week, and then it would be <i>facit
+    indignatio</i><a href="#note-758">[758]</a>. JOHNSON. 'Sir, I wish he had him. I, who have eaten
+    his bread, will not give him to him; but I should be glad he came
+    honestly by him.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He said, he was angry at Thrale, for sitting at General Oglethorpe's
+    without speaking. He censured a man for degrading himself to a
+    non-entity. I observed, that Goldsmith was on the other extreme; for he
+    spoke at all ventures.<a href="#note-759">[759]</a> JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; Goldsmith, rather than
+    not speak, will talk of what he knows himself to be ignorant, which can
+    only end in exposing him.' 'I wonder, (said I,) if he feels that he
+    exposes himself. If he was with two taylors,' 'Or with two founders,
+    (said Dr. Johnson, interrupting me,) he would fall a talking on the
+    method of making cannon, though both of them would soon see that he did
+    not know what metal a cannon is made of.' We were very social and merry
+    in his room this forenoon. In the evening the company danced as usual.
+    We performed, with much activity, a dance which, I suppose, the
+    emigration from Sky has occasioned. They call it <i>America</i>. Each of the
+    couples, after the common <i>involutions</i> and <i>evolutions</i>, successively
+    whirls round in a circle, till all are in motion; and the dance seems
+    intended to shew how emigration catches, till a whole neighbourhood is
+    set afloat. Mrs. M'Kinnon told me, that last year when a ship sailed
+    from Portree for America, the people on shore were almost distracted
+    when they saw their relations go off, they lay down on the ground,
+    tumbled, and tore the grass with their teeth. This year there was not a
+    tear shed. The people on shore seemed to think that they would soon
+    follow. This indifference is a mortal sign for the country.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We danced to-night to the musick of the bagpipe, which made us beat the
+    ground with prodigious force. I thought it better to endeavour to
+    conciliate the kindness of the people of Sky, by joining heartily in
+    their amusements, than to play the abstract scholar. I looked on this
+    Tour to the Hebrides as a copartnership between Dr. Johnson and me. Each
+    was to do all he could to promote its success; and I have some reason to
+    flatter myself, that my gayer exertions were of service to us. Dr.
+    Johnson's immense fund of knowledge and wit was a wonderful source of
+    admiration and delight to them; but they had it only at times; and they
+    required to have the intervals agreeably filled up, and even little
+    elucidations of his learned text. I was also fortunate enough frequently
+    to draw him forth to talk, when he would otherwise have been silent. The
+    fountain was at times locked up, till I opened the spring. It was
+    curious to hear the Hebridians, when any dispute happened while he was
+    out of the room, saying, 'Stay till Dr. Johnson comes: say that
+    to <i>him!</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    Yesterday, Dr. Johnson said, 'I cannot but laugh, to think of myself
+    roving among the Hebrides at sixty<a href="#note-760">[760]</a>. I wonder where I shall rove at
+    fourscore<a href="#note-761">[761]</a>!' This evening he disputed the truth of what is said, as
+    to the people of St. Kilda catching cold whenever strangers come. 'How
+    can there (said he) be a physical effect without a physical cause<a href="#note-762">[762]</a>?'
+    He added, laughing, 'the arrival of a ship full of strangers would kill
+    them; for, if one stranger gives them one cold, two strangers must give
+    them two colds; and so in proportion.' I wondered to hear him ridicule
+    this, as he had praised M'Aulay for putting it in his book: saying, that
+    it was manly in him to tell a fact, however strange, if he himself
+    believed it<a href="#note-763">[763]</a>. He said, the evidence was not adequate to the
+    improbability of the thing; that if a physician, rather disposed to be
+    incredulous, should go to St. Kilda, and report the fact, then he would
+    begin to look about him. They said, it was annually proved by M'Leod's
+    steward, on whose arrival all the inhabitants caught cold. He jocularly
+    remarked, 'the steward always comes to demand something from them; and
+    so they fall a coughing. I suppose the people in Sky all take a cold,
+    when&mdash;(naming a certain person<a href="#note-764">[764]</a>) comes.' They said, he came only in
+    summer. JOHNSON. 'That is out of tenderness to you. Bad weather and he,
+    at the same time, would be too much.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_57"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SUNDAY, OCTOBER 3.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Joseph reported that the wind was still against us. Dr. Johnson said, 'A
+    wind, or not a wind? that is the question<a href="#note-765">[765]</a>;' for he can amuse
+    himself at times with a little play of words, or rather sentences. I
+    remember when he turned his cup at Aberbrothick, where we drank tea, he
+    muttered <i>Claudite jam rivos, pueri'</i><a href="#note-766">[766]</a>. I must again and again
+    apologize to fastidious readers, for recording such minute particulars.
+    They prove the scrupulous fidelity of my <i>Journal</i>. Dr. Johnson said it
+    was a very exact picture of a portion of his life.
+</p>
+<p>
+    While we were chatting in the indolent stile of men who were to stay
+    here all this day at least, we were suddenly roused at being told that
+    the wind was fair, that a little fleet of herring-busses was passing by
+    for Mull, and that Mr. Simpson's vessel was about to sail. Hugh
+    M'Donald, the skipper, came to us, and was impatient that we should get
+    ready, which we soon did. Dr. Johnson, with composure and solemnity,
+    repeated the observation of Epictetus, that, 'as man has the voyage of
+    death before him,&mdash;whatever may be his employment, he should be ready at
+    the master's call; and an old man should never be far from the shore,
+    lest he should not be able to get himself ready.' He rode, and I and the
+    other gentlemen walked, about an English mile to the shore, where the
+    vessel lay. Dr. Johnson said, he should never forget Sky, and returned
+    thanks for all civilities. We were carried to the vessel in a small boat
+    which she had, and we set sail very briskly about one o'clock. I was
+    much pleased with the motion for many hours. Dr. Johnson grew sick, and
+    retired under cover, as it rained a good deal. I kept above, that I
+    might have fresh air, and finding myself not affected by the motion of
+    the vessel, I exulted in being a stout seaman, while Dr. Johnson was
+    quite in a state of annihilation. But I was soon humbled; for after
+    imagining that I could go with ease to America or the East-Indies, I
+    became very sick, but kept above board, though it rained hard.
+</p>
+<p>
+    As we had been detained so long in Sky by bad weather, we gave up the
+    scheme that Col had planned for us of visiting several islands, and
+    contented ourselves with the prospect of seeing Mull, and Icolmkill and
+    Inchkenneth, which lie near to it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Simpson was sanguine in his hopes for awhile, the wind being fair
+    for us. He said, he would land us at Icolmkill that night. But when the
+    wind failed, it was resolved we should make for the sound of Mull, and
+    land in the harbour of Tobermorie. We kept near the five herring vessels
+    for some time; but afterwards four of them got before us, and one little
+    wherry fell behind us. When we got in full view of the point of
+    Ardnamurchan, the wind changed, and was directly against our getting
+    into the Sound. We were then obliged to tack, and get forward in that
+    tedious manner. As we advanced, the storm grew greater, and the sea very
+    rough. Col then began to talk of making for Egg, or Canna, or his own
+    island. Our skipper said, he would get us into the Sound. Having
+    struggled for this a good while in vain, he said, he would push forward
+    till we were near the land of Mull, where we might cast anchor, and lie
+    till the morning; for although, before this, there had been a good moon,
+    and I had pretty distinctly seen not only the land of Mull, but up the
+    Sound, and the country of Morven as at one end of it, the night was now
+    grown very dark. Our crew consisted of one M'Donald, our skipper, and
+    two sailors, one of whom had but one eye: Mr. Simpson himself, Col, and
+    Hugh M'Donald his servant, all helped. Simpson said, he would willingly
+    go for Col, if young Col or his servant would undertake to pilot us to
+    a harbour; but, as the island is low land, it was dangerous to run upon
+    it in the dark. Col and his servant appeared a little dubious. The
+    scheme of running for Canna seemed then to be embraced; but Canna was
+    ten leagues off, all out of our way; and they were afraid to attempt the
+    harbour of Egg. All these different plans were successively in
+    agitation. The old skipper still tried to make for the land of Mull; but
+    then it was considered that there was no place there where we could
+    anchor in safety. Much time was lost in striving against the storm. At
+    last it became so rough, and threatened to be so much worse, that Col
+    and his servant took more courage, and said they would undertake to hit
+    one of the harbours in Col. 'Then let us run for it in GOD'S name,' said
+    the skipper; and instantly we turned towards it. The little wherry which
+    had fallen behind us had hard work. The master begged that, if we made
+    for Col, we should put out a light to him. Accordingly one of the
+    sailors waved a glowing peat for some time. The various difficulties
+    that were started, gave me a good deal of apprehension, from which I was
+    relieved, when I found we were to run for a harbour before the wind. But
+    my relief was but of short duration: for I soon heard that our sails
+    were very bad, and were in danger of being torn in pieces, in which case
+    we should be driven upon the rocky shore of Col. It was very dark, and
+    there was a heavy and incessant rain. The sparks of the burning peat
+    flew so much about, that I dreaded the vessel might take fire. Then, as
+    Col was a sportsman, and had powder on board, I figured that we might be
+    blown up. Simpson and he appeared a little frightened, which made me
+    more so; and the perpetual talking, or rather shouting, which was
+    carried on in Erse, alarmed me still more. A man is always suspicious of
+    what is saying in an unknown tongue; and, if fear be his passion at the
+    time, he grows more afraid. Our vessel often lay so much on one side,
+    that I trembled lest she should be overset, and indeed they told me
+    afterwards, that they had run her sometimes to within an inch of the
+    water, so anxious were they to make what haste they could before the
+    night should be worse. I now saw what I never saw before, a prodigious
+    sea, with immense billows coming upon a vessel, so as that it seemed
+    hardly possible to escape. There was something grandly horrible in the
+    sight. I am glad I have seen it once. Amidst all these terrifying
+    circumstances, I endeavoured to compose my mind. It was not easy to do
+    it; for all the stories that I had heard of the dangerous sailing among
+    the Hebrides, which is proverbial<a href="#note-767">[767]</a>, came full upon my recollection.
+    When I thought of those who were dearest to me, and would suffer
+    severely, should I be lost, I upbraided myself, as not having a
+    sufficient cause for putting myself in such danger. Piety afforded me
+    comfort; yet I was disturbed by the objections that have been made
+    against a particular providence, and by the arguments of those who
+    maintain that it is in vain to hope that the petitions of an individual,
+    or even of congregations, can have any influence with the Deity;
+    objections which have been often made, and which Dr. Hawkesworth has
+    lately revived, in his Preface to the <i>Voyages to the South Seas</i><a href="#note-768">[768]</a>;
+    but Dr. Ogden's excellent doctrine on the efficacy of intercession
+    prevailed.
+</p>
+<p>
+    It was half an hour after eleven before we set ourselves in the course
+    for Col. As I saw them all busy doing something, I asked Col, with much
+    earnestness, what I could do. He, with a happy readiness, put into my
+    hand a rope, which was fixed to the top of one of the masts, and told me
+    to hold it till he bade me pull. If I had considered the matter, I might
+    have seen that this could not be of the least service; but his object
+    was to keep me out of the way of those who were busy working the vessel,
+    and at the same time to divert my fear, by employing me, and making me
+    think that I was of use. Thus did I stand firm to my post, while the
+    wind and rain beat upon me, always expecting a call to pull my rope.
+    The man with one eye steered; old M'Donald, and Col and his servant, lay
+    upon the fore-castle, looking sharp out for the harbour. It was
+    necessary to carry much <i>cloth</i>, as they termed it, that is to say, much
+    sail, in order to keep the vessel off the shore of Col. This made
+    violent plunging in a rough sea. At last they spied the harbour of
+    Lochiern, and Col cried, 'Thank GOD, we are safe!' We ran up till we
+    were opposite to it, and soon afterwards we got into it, and
+    cast anchor.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson had all this time been quiet and unconcerned. He had lain
+    down on one of the beds, and having got free from sickness, was
+    satisfied. The truth is, he knew nothing of the danger we were in<a href="#note-769">[769]</a>
+    but, fearless and unconcerned, might have said, in the words which he
+    has chosen for the motto to his <i>Rambler</i>,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Quo me cunque rapit tempestas, deferor hospes.<a href="#note-770">[770]</a>'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Once, during the doubtful consultations, he asked whither we were going;
+    and upon being told that it was not certain whether to Mull or Col, he
+    cried, 'Col for my money!' I now went down, with Col and Mr. Simpson, to
+    visit him. He was lying in philosophick tranquillity with a greyhound of
+    Col's at his back, keeping him warm. Col is quite the <i>Juvenis qui
+    gaudet canibus</i><a href="#note-771">[771]</a>. He had, when we left Talisker, two greyhounds,
+    two terriers, a pointer, and a large Newfoundland water-dog. He lost one
+    of his terriers by the road, but had still five dogs with him. I was
+    very ill, and very desirous to get to shore. When I was told that we
+    could not land that night, as the storm had now increased, I looked so
+    miserably, as Col afterwards informed me, that what Shakspeare has made
+    the Frenchman say of the English soldiers, when scantily dieted,
+    <i>'Piteous they will look, like drowned mice!'</i><a href="#note-772">[772]</a> might, I believe,
+    have been well applied to me. There was in the harbour, before us, a
+    Campbelltown vessel, the Betty, Kenneth Morrison master, taking in
+    kelp, and bound for Ireland. We sent our boat to beg beds for two
+    gentlemen, and that the master would send his boat, which was larger
+    than ours. He accordingly did so, and Col and I were accommodated in his
+    vessel till the morning.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_58"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    MONDAY, OCTOBER 4.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    About eight o'clock we went in the boat to Mr. Simpson's vessel, and
+    took in Dr. Johnson. He was quite well, though he had tasted nothing but
+    a dish of tea since Saturday night. On our expressing some surprise at
+    this, he said, that, 'when he lodged in the Temple, and had no regular
+    system of life, he had fasted for two days at a time, during which he
+    had gone about visiting, though not at the hours of dinner or supper;
+    that he had drunk tea, but eaten no bread; that this was no intentional
+    fasting, but happened just in the course of a literary life.'<a href="#note-773">[773]</a>
+</p>
+<p>
+    There was a little miserable publick-house close upon the shore, to
+    which we should have gone, had we landed last night: but this morning
+    Col resolved to take us directly to the house of Captain Lauchlan
+    M'Lean, a descendant of his family, who had acquired a fortune in the
+    East-Indies, and taken a farm in Col<a href="#note-774">[774]</a>. We had about an English mile
+    to go to it. Col and Joseph, and some others, ran to some little horses,
+    called here <i>Shelties</i>, that were running wild on a heath, and catched
+    one of them. We had a saddle with us, which was clapped upon it, and a
+    straw halter was put on its head. Dr. Johnson was then mounted, and
+    Joseph very slowly and gravely led the horse. I said to Dr. Johnson, 'I
+    wish, Sir, <i>the Club</i> saw you in this attitude.<a href="#note-775">[775]</a>'
+</p>
+<p>
+    It was a very heavy rain, and I was wet to the skin. Captain M'Lean had
+    but a poor temporary house, or rather hut; however, it was a very good
+    haven to us. There was a blazing peat-fire, and Mrs. M'Lean, daughter of
+    the minister of the parish, got us tea. I felt still the motion of the
+    sea. Dr. Johnson said, it was not in imagination, but a continuation of
+    motion on the fluids, like that of the sea itself after the storm
+    is over.
+</p>
+<p>
+    There were some books on the board which served as a chimney-piece. Dr.
+    Johnson took up Burnet's <i>History of his own Times</i><a href="#note-776">[776]</a>. He said, 'The
+    first part of it is one of the most entertaining books in the English
+    language; it is quite dramatick: while he went about every where, saw
+    every where, and heard every where. By the first part, I mean so far as
+    it appears that Burnet himself was actually engaged in what he has told;
+    and this may be easily distinguished.' Captain M'Lean censured Burnet,
+    for his high praise of Lauderdale in a dedication<a href="#note-777">[777]</a>, when he shews
+    him in his history to have been so bad a man. JOHNSON. 'I do not myself
+    think that a man should say in a dedication what he could not say in a
+    history. However, allowance should be made; for there is a great
+    difference. The known style of a dedication is flattery: it professes
+    to flatter. There is the same difference between what a man says in a
+    dedication, and what he says in a history, as between a lawyer's
+    pleading a cause, and reporting it.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    The day passed away pleasantly enough. The wind became fair for Mull in
+    the evening, and Mr. Simpson resolved to sail next morning: but having
+    been thrown into the island of Col we were unwilling to leave it
+    unexamined, especially as we considered that the Campbelltown vessel
+    would sail for Mull in a day or two, and therefore we determined
+    to stay.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_59"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    TUESDAY, OCTOBER 5.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    I rose, and wrote my <i>Journal</i> till about nine; and then went to Dr.
+    Johnson, who sat up in bed and talked and laughed. I said, it was
+    curious to look back ten years, to the time when we first thought of
+    visiting the Hebrides<a href="#note-778">[778]</a>. How distant and improbable the scheme then
+    appeared! Yet here we were actually among them. 'Sir, (said he,) people
+    may come to do any thing almost, by talking of it. I really believe, I
+    could talk myself into building a house upon island Isa<a href="#note-779">[779]</a>, though I
+    should probably never come back again to see it. I could easily persuade
+    Reynolds to do it; and there would be no great sin in persuading him to
+    do it. Sir, he would reason thus: "What will it cost me to be there once
+    in two or three summers? Why, perhaps, five hundred pounds; and what is
+    that, in comparison of having a fine retreat, to which a man can go, or
+    to which he can send a friend?" He would never find out that he may have
+    this within twenty miles of London. Then I would tell him, that he may
+    marry one of the Miss M'Leods, a lady of great family. Sir, it is
+    surprising how people will go to a distance for what they may have at
+    home. I knew a lady who came up from Lincolnshire to Knightsbridge with
+    one of her daughters, and gave five guineas a week for a lodging and a
+    warm bath; that is, mere warm water. <i>That</i>, you know, could not be had
+    in <i>Lincolnshire</i>! She said, it was made either too hot or too
+    cold there.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    After breakfast, Dr. Johnson and I, and Joseph, mounted horses, and Col
+    and the Captain walked with us about a short mile across the island. We
+    paid a visit to the Reverend Mr. Hector M'Lean. His parish consists of
+    the islands of Col and Tyr-yi. He was about seventy-seven years of age,
+    a decent ecclesiastick, dressed in a full suit of black clothes, and a
+    black wig. He appeared like a Dutch pastor, or one of the assembly of
+    divines at Westminster. Dr. Johnson observed to me afterwards, 'that he
+    was a fine old man, and was as well-dressed, and had as much dignity in
+    his appearance as the dean of a cathedral.' We were told, that he had a
+    valuable library, though but poor accommodation for it, being obliged to
+    keep his books in large chests. It was curious to see him and Dr.
+    Johnson together. Neither of them heard very distinctly; so each of them
+    talked in his own way, and at the same time. Mr. M'Lean said, he had a
+    confutation of Bayle, by Leibnitz. JOHNSON. 'A confutation of Bayle,
+    Sir! What part of Bayle do you mean? The greatest part of his writings
+    is not confutable: it is historical and critical.' Mr. M'Lean said, 'the
+    irreligious part;' and proceeded to talk of Leibnitz's controversy with
+    Clarke, calling Leibnitz a great man. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, Leibnitz
+    persisted in affirming that Newton called space <i>sensorium numinis</i>,
+    notwithstanding he was corrected, and desired to observe that Newton's
+    words were QUASI <i>sensorium numinis</i><a href="#note-780">[780]</a>. No, Sir; Leibnitz was as
+    paltry a fellow as I know. Out of respect to Queen Caroline, who
+    patronised him, Clarke treated him too well.<a href="#note-781">[781]</a>'  During the time
+    that Dr. Johnson was thus going on, the old minister was standing with
+    his back to the fire, cresting up erect, pulling down the front of his
+    periwig, and talking what a great man Leibnitz was. To give an idea of
+    the scene, would require a page with two columns; but it ought rather to
+    be represented by two good players. The old gentleman said, Clarke was
+    very wicked, for going so much into the Arian system<a href="#note-782">[782]</a>. 'I will not
+    say he was wicked, said Dr. Johnson; he might be mistaken.' M'LEAN. 'He
+    was wicked, to shut his eyes against the Scriptures; and worthy men in
+    England have since confuted him to all intents and purposes.' JOHNSON.
+    'I know not <i>who</i> has confuted him to <i>all intents and purposes</i>.' Here
+    again there was a double talking, each continuing to maintain his own
+    argument, without hearing exactly what the other said.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I regretted that Dr. Johnson did not practice the art of accommodating
+    himself to different sorts of people. Had he been softer with this
+    venerable old man, we might have had more conversation; but his forcible
+    spirit, and impetuosity of manner, may be said to spare neither sex nor
+    age. I have seen even Mrs. Thrale stunned; but I have often maintained,
+    that it is better he should retain his own manner<a href="#note-783">[783]</a>. Pliability of
+    address I conceive to be inconsistent with that majestick power of mind
+    which he possesses, and which produces such noble effects. A lofty oak
+    will not bend like a supple willow.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He told me afterwards, he liked firmness in an old man, and was pleased
+    to see Mr. M'Lean so orthodox. 'At his age, it is too late for a man to
+    be asking himself questions as to his belief<a href="#note-784">[784]</a>.'  We rode to the
+    northern part of the island, where we saw the ruins of a church or
+    chapel<a href="#note-785">[785]</a>. We then proceeded to a place called Grissipol, or the
+    rough Pool.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At Grissipol we found a good farm house, belonging to the Laird of Col,
+    and possessed by Mr. M'Sweyn. On the beach here there is a singular
+    variety of curious stones. I picked up one very like a small cucumber.
+    By the by, Dr. Johnson told me, that Gay's line in <i>The Beggars Opera</i>,
+    'As men should serve a cucumber<a href="#note-786">[786]</a>,' &amp;c. has no waggish meaning, with
+    reference to men flinging away cucumbers as too <i>cooling</i>, which some
+    have thought; for it has been a common saying of physicians in England,
+    that a cucumber should be well sliced, and dressed with pepper and
+    vinegar, and then thrown out, as good for nothing. Mr. M'Sweyn's
+    predecessors had been in Sky from a very remote period, upon the estate
+    belonging to M'Leod; probably before M'Leod had it The name is certainly
+    Norwegian, from <i>Sueno</i>, King of Norway. The present Mr. M'Sweyn left
+    Sky upon the late M'Leod's raising his rents. He then got this farm
+    from Col.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He appeared to be near fourscore; but looked as fresh, and was as strong
+    as a man of fifty. His son Hugh looked older; and, as Dr. Johnson
+    observed, had more the manners of an old man than he. I had often heard
+    of such instances, but never saw one before. Mrs. M'Sweyn was a decent
+    old gentlewoman. She was dressed in tartan, and could speak nothing but
+    Erse. She said, she taught Sir James M'Donald Erse, and would teach me
+    soon. I could now sing a verse of the song <i>Hatyin foam'eri</i><a href="#note-787">[787]</a>, made
+    in honour of Allan, the famous Captain of Clanranald, who fell at
+    Sherrif-muir<a href="#note-788">[788]</a>; whose servant, who lay on the field watching his
+    master's dead body, being asked next day who that was, answered, 'He was
+    a man yesterday.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We were entertained here with a primitive heartiness. Whiskey was served
+    round in a shell, according to the ancient Highland custom. Dr. Johnson
+    would not partake of it; but, being desirous to do honour to the modes
+    'of other times,' drank some water out of the shell.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the forenoon Dr. Johnson said, 'it would require great resignation to
+    live in one of these islands.' BOSWELL. 'I don't know, Sir; I have felt
+    myself at times in a state of almost mere physical existence, satisfied
+    to eat, drink, and sleep, and walk about, and enjoy my own thoughts; and
+    I can figure a continuation of this.' JOHNSON. 'Ay, Sir; but if you were
+    shut up here, your own thoughts would torment you. You would think of
+    Edinburgh or London, and that you could not be there.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We set out after dinner for <i>Breacacha</i>, the family seat of the Laird of
+    Col, accompanied by the young laird, who had now got a horse, and by the
+    younger Mr. M'Sweyn, whose wife had gone thither before us, to prepare
+    every thing for our reception, the laird and his family being absent at
+    Aberdeen. It is called <i>Breacacha</i>, or the Spotted Field, because in
+    summer it is enamelled with clover and daisies, as young Col told me. We
+    passed by a place where there is a very large stone, I may call it a
+    <i>rock</i>;&mdash;'a vast weight for Ajax<a href="#note-789">[789]</a>.' The tradition is, that a giant
+    threw such another stone at his mistress, up to the top of a hill, at a
+    small distance; and that she in return, threw this mass down to
+    him<a href="#note-790">[790]</a>. It was all in sport.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Malo me petit lasciva puella<a href="#note-791">[791]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    As we advanced, we came to a large extent of plain ground. I had not
+    seen such a place for a long time. Col and I took a gallop upon it by
+    way of race. It was very refreshing to me, after having been so long
+    taking short steps in hilly countries. It was like stretching a man's
+    legs after being cramped in a short bed. We also passed close by a large
+    extent of sand-hills, near two miles square. Dr. Johnson said, 'he never
+    had the image before. It was horrible, if barrenness and danger could be
+    so.' I heard him, after we were in the house of <i>Breacacha</i>, repeating
+    to himself, as he walked about the room,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'And smother'd in the dusty whirlwind, dies<a href="#note-792">[792]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Probably he had been thinking of the whole of the simile in <i>Cato</i>, of
+    which that is the concluding line; the sandy desart had struck him so
+    strongly. The sand has of late been blown over a good deal of meadow,
+    and the people of the island say, that their fathers remembered much of
+    the space which is now covered with sand, to have been under
+    tillage<a href="#note-793">[793]</a>. Col's house is situated on a bay called <i>Breacacha</i> Bay.
+    We found here a neat new-built gentleman's house, better than any we had
+    been in since we were at Lord Errol's. Dr. Johnson relished it much at
+    first, but soon remarked to me, that 'there was nothing becoming a Chief
+    about it: it was a mere tradesman's box<a href="#note-794">[794]</a>.' He seemed quite at home,
+    and no longer found any difficulty in using the Highland address; for as
+    soon as we arrived, he said, with a spirited familiarity, 'Now, <i>Col</i>,
+    if you could get us a dish of tea.' Dr. Johnson and I had each an
+    excellent bed-chamber. We had a dispute which of us had the best
+    curtains. His were rather the best, being of linen; but I insisted that
+    my bed had the best posts, which was undeniable. 'Well, (said he,) if
+    you <i>have</i> the best <i>posts</i>, we will have you tied to them and whipped.'
+    I mention this slight circumstance, only to shew how ready he is, even
+    in mere trifles, to get the better of his antagonist, by placing him in
+    a ludicrous view. I have known him sometimes use the same art, when hard
+    pressed in serious disputation. Goldsmith, I remember, to retaliate for
+    many a severe defeat which he has suffered from him, applied to him a
+    lively saying in one of Cibber's comedies, which puts this part of his
+    character in a strong light.&mdash;'There is no arguing with Johnson; for,
+    <i>if his pistol misses fire, he knocks you down with the butt end of
+    it</i><a href="#note-795">[795]</a>.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_60"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 6.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    After a sufficiency of sleep, we assembled at breakfast. We were just as
+    if in barracks. Every body was master. We went and viewed the old castle
+    of Col, which is not far from the present house, near the shore, and
+    founded on a rock. It has never been a large feudal residence, and has
+    nothing about it that requires a particular description. Like other old
+    inconvenient buildings of the same age, it exemplified Gray's
+    picturesque lines,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Huge<a href="#note-796">[796]</a> windows that exclude the light,
+      And passages that lead to nothing.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    It may however be worth mentioning, that on the second story we saw a
+    vault, which was, and still is, the family prison. There was a woman put
+    into it by the laird, for theft, within these ten years; and any
+    offender would be confined there yet; for, from the necessity of the
+    thing, as the island is remote from any power established by law, the
+    laird must exercise his jurisdiction to a certain degree.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We were shewn, in a corner of this vault, a hole, into which Col said
+    greater criminals used to be put. It was now filled up with rubbish of
+    different kinds. He said, it was of a great depth, 'Ay, (said Dr.
+    Johnson, smiling,) all such places, that <i>are filled up</i>, were of a
+    great depth.' He is very quick in shewing that he does not give credit
+    to careless or exaggerated accounts of things. After seeing the castle,
+    we looked at a small hut near it. It is called <i>Teigh Franchich, i.e.</i>
+    the Frenchman's House. Col could not tell us the history of it. A poor
+    man with a wife and children now lived in it. We went into it, and Dr.
+    Johnson gave them some charity. There was but one bed for all the
+    family, and the hut was very smoky. When he came out, he said to me,
+    <i>'Et hoc secundum sententiam philosophorum est esse beatus</i><a href="#note-797">[797]</a>.'
+    BOSWELL. 'The philosophers, when they placed happiness in a cottage,
+    supposed cleanliness and no smoke.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, they did not think
+    about either.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We walked a little in the laird's garden, in which endeavours have been
+    used to rear some trees; but, as soon as they got above the surrounding
+    wall, they died. Dr. Johnson recommended sowing the seeds of hardy
+    trees, instead of planting.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Col and I rode out this morning, and viewed a part of the island. In the
+    course of our ride, we saw a turnip-field, which he had hoed with his
+    own hands. He first introduced this kind of husbandry into the Western
+    islands<a href="#note-798">[798]</a>. We also looked at an appearance of lead, which seemed very
+    promising. It has been long known; for I found letters to the late
+    laird, from Sir John Areskine and Sir Alexander Murray, respecting it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After dinner came Mr. M'Lean, of Corneck, brother to Isle of Muck, who
+    is a cadet of the family of Col. He possesses the two ends of Col, which
+    belong to the Duke of Argyll. Corneck had lately taken a lease of them
+    at a very advanced rent, rather than let the Campbells get a footing in
+    the island, one of whom had offered nearly as much as he. Dr. Johnson
+    well observed, that, 'landlords err much when they calculate merely
+    what their land <i>may</i> yield. The rent must be in a proportionate ratio
+    of what the land may yield, and of the power of the tenant to make it
+    yield. A tenant cannot make by his land, but according to the corn and
+    cattle which he has. Suppose you should give him twice as much land as
+    he has, it does him no good, unless he gets also more stock. It is clear
+    then, that the Highland landlords, who let their substantial tenants
+    leave them, are infatuated; for the poor small tenants cannot give them
+    good rents, from the very nature of things. They have not the means of
+    raising more from their farms<a href="#note-799">[799]</a>.' Corneck, Dr. Johnson said, was the
+    most distinct man that he had met with in these isles: he did not shut
+    his eyes, or put his fingers in his ears, which he seemed to think was a
+    good deal the mode with most of the people whom we have seen of late.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_61"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THURSDAY, OCTOBER 7.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Captain M'Lean joined us this morning at breakfast. There came on a
+    dreadful storm of wind and rain, which continued all day, and rather
+    increased at night. The wind was directly against our getting to Mull.
+    We were in a strange state of abstraction from the world: we could
+    neither hear from our friends, nor write to them. Col had brought Daille
+    <i>on the Fathers</i><a href="#note-800">[800]</a>, Lucas <i>on Happiness</i>[801], and More's
+    <i>Dialogues</i><a href="#note-802">[802]</a>, from the Reverend Mr. M'Lean's, and Burnet's <i>History
+    of his own Times</i>, from Captain M'Lean's; and he had of his own some
+    books of farming, and Gregory's <i>Geometry</i><a href="#note-803">[803]</a>. Dr. Johnson read a good
+    deal of Burnet, and of Gregory, and I observed he made some geometrical
+    notes in the end of his pocket-book. I read a little of Young's <i>Six
+    Weeks' Tour through the Southern Counties</i>; and Ovid's <i>Epistles</i>, which
+    I had bought at Inverness, and which helped to solace many a weary hour.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We were to have gone with Dr. Johnson this morning to see the mine; but
+    were prevented by the storm. While it was raging, he said, 'We may be
+    glad we are not <i>damnati ad metalla</i>.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_62"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    FRIDAY, OCTOBER 8.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson appeared to-day very weary of our present confined
+    situation. He said, 'I want to be on the main land, and go on with
+    existence. This is a waste of life.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I shall here insert, without regard to chronology, some of his
+    conversation at different times.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'There was a man some time ago, who was well received for two years,
+    among the gentlemen of Northamptonshire, by calling himself my brother.
+    At last he grew so impudent as by his influence to get tenants turned
+    out of their farms. Allen the Printer<a href="#note-804">[804]</a>, who is of that county, came
+    to me, asking, with much appearance of doubtfulness, if I had a brother;
+    and upon being assured I had none alive, he told me of the imposition,
+    and immediately wrote to the country, and the fellow was dismissed. It
+    pleased me to hear that so much was got by using my name. It is not
+    every name that can carry double; do both for a man's self and his
+    brother (laughing). I should be glad to see the fellow. However, I could
+    have done nothing against him. A man can have no redress for his name
+    being used, or ridiculous stories being told of him in the newspapers,
+    except he can shew that he has suffered damage. Some years ago a foolish
+    piece was published, said to be written <i>by S. Johnson</i>. Some of my
+    friends wanted me to be very angry about this. I said, it would be in
+    vain; for the answer would be, "<i>S. Johnson</i> may be Simon Johnson, or
+    Simeon Johnson, or Solomon Johnson;" and even if the full name, Samuel
+    Johnson, had been used, it might be said; "it is not you; it is a much
+    cleverer fellow."
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Beauclerk and I, and Langton, and Lady Sydney Beauclerk, mother to our
+    friend, were one day driving in a coach by Cuper's Gardens<a href="#note-805">[805]</a>, which
+    were then unoccupied. I, in sport, proposed that Beauclerk and Langton,
+    and myself should take them; and we amused ourselves with scheming how
+    we should all do our parts. Lady Sydney grew angry, and said, "an old
+    man should not put such things in young people's heads." She had no
+    notion of a joke, Sir; had come late into life, and had a mighty
+    unpliable understanding.
+</p>
+<p>
+    '<i>Carte's Life of the Duke of Ormond</i> is considered as a book of
+    authority; but it is ill-written. The matter is diffused in too many
+    words; there is no animation, no compression, no vigour. Two good
+    volumes in duodecimo might be made out of the two in folio<a href="#note-806">[806]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Talking of our confinement here, I observed, that our discontent and
+    impatience could not be considered as very unreasonable; for that we
+    were just in the state of which Seneca complains so grievously, while in
+    exile in Corsica<a href="#note-807">[807]</a>. 'Yes, (said Dr. Johnson,) and he was not farther
+    from home than we are.' The truth is, he was much nearer.
+</p>
+<p>
+    There was a good deal of rain to-day, and the wind was still contrary.
+    Corneck attended me, while I amused myself in examining a collection of
+    papers belonging to the family of Col. The first laird was a younger son
+    of the Chieftain M'Lean, and got the middle part of Col for his
+    patrimony. Dr. Johnson having given a very particular account<a href="#note-808">[808]</a> of
+    the connection between this family and a branch of the family of
+    Camerons, called M'Lonich, I shall only insert the following document,
+    (which I found in Col's cabinet,) as a proof of its continuance, even to
+    a late period:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+    TO THE LAIRD OF COL.
+</center>
+<center>
+    'DEAR SIR,
+</center>
+<p>
+    'The long-standing tract of firm affectionate friendship 'twixt your
+    worthy predecessors and ours affords us such assurance, as that we may
+    have full relyance on your favour and undoubted friendship, in
+    recommending the bearer, Ewen Cameron, our cousin, son to the deceast
+    Dugall M'Connill of Innermaillie, sometime in Glenpean, to your favour
+    and conduct, who is a man of undoubted honesty and discretion, only
+    that he has the misfortune of being alledged to have been accessory to
+    the killing of one of M'Martin's family about fourteen years ago, upon
+    which alledgeance the M'Martins are now so sanguine on revenging, that
+    they are fully resolved for the deprivation of his life; to the
+    preventing of which you are relyed on by us, as the only fit instrument,
+    and a most capable person. Therefore your favour and protection is
+    expected and intreated, during his good behaviour; and failing of which
+    behaviour, you'll please to use him as a most insignificant
+    person deserves.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Sir, he had, upon the alledgeance foresaid, been transported, at
+    Lochiel's desire, to France, to gratify the M'Martins, and upon his
+    return home, about five years ago, married: But now he is so much
+    threatened by the M'Martins, that he is not secure enough to stay where
+    he is, being Ardmurchan, which occasions this trouble to you. Wishing
+    prosperity and happiness to attend still yourself, worthy Lady, and good
+    family, we are, in the most affectionate manner,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Dear Sir,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+'Your most obliged, affectionate,
+    'And most humble Servants,
+        'DUGALL CAMERON, <i>of Strone</i>.
+         DUGALL CAMERON, <i>of Barr</i>.
+         DUGALL CAMERON, <i>of Inveriskvouilline</i>.
+         DUGALL CAMERON, <i>of Invinvalie</i>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Strone, 11th March, 1737.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Ewen Cameron was protected, and his son has now a farm from the Laird of
+    Col, in Mull.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The family of Col was very loyal in the time of the great Montrose<a href="#note-809">[809]</a>,
+    from whom I found two letters in his own handwriting. The first is
+    as follows:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+    FOR MY VERY LOVING FRIEND THE LAIRD OF COALL.
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Sir,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I must heartily thank you for all your willingness and good affection
+    to his Majesty's service, and particularly the sending alongs of your
+    son, to who I will heave ane particular respect, hopeing also that you
+    will still continue ane goode instrument for the advanceing ther of the
+    King's service, for which, and all your former loyal carriages, be
+    confident you shall find the effects of his Ma's favour, as they can be
+    witnessed you by
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Your very faithful friende,
+     'MONTROSE.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Strethearne, 20 Jan. 1646.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    The other is:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'FOR THE LAIRD OF COL.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<center>
+    'SIR,
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Having occasion to write to your fields, I cannot be forgetful of your
+    willingness and good affection to his Majesty's service. I acknowledge
+    to you, and thank you heartily for it, assuring, that in what lies in my
+    power, you shall find the good. Meanwhile, I shall expect that you will
+    continue your loyal endeavours, in wishing those slack people that are
+    about you, to appear more obedient than they do, and loyal in their
+    prince's service; whereby I assure you, you shall find me ever
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Your faithful friend,
+     'MONTROSE<a href="#note-810">[810]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Petty, 17 April, 1646.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I found some uncouth lines on the death of the present laird's father,
+    intituled 'Nature's Elegy upon the death of Donald Maclean of Col.' They
+    are not worth insertion. I shall only give what is called his Epitaph,
+    which Dr. Johnson said, 'was not so very bad.'
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Nature's minion, Virtue's wonder,
+      Art's corrective here lyes under.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    I asked, what 'Art's corrective' meant. 'Why, Sir, (said he,) that the
+    laird was so exquisite, that he set art right, when she was wrong.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I found several letters to the late Col, from my father's old companion
+    at Paris, Sir Hector M'Lean, one of which was written at the time of
+    settling the colony in Georgia<a href="#note-811">[811]</a>. It dissuades Col from letting
+    people go there, and assures him there will soon be an opportunity of
+    employing them better at home. Hence it appears that emigration from
+    the Highlands, though not in such numbers at a time as of late, has
+    always been practised. Dr. Johnson observed that 'the Lairds, instead of
+    improving their country, diminished their people.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    There are several districts of sandy desart in Col. There are
+    forty-eight lochs of fresh water; but many of them are very small,&mdash;meer
+    pools. About one half of them, however, have trout and eel. There is a
+    great number of horses in the island, mostly of a small size. Being
+    over-stocked, they sell some in Tir-yi, and on the main land. Their
+    black cattle, which are chiefly rough-haired, are reckoned remarkably
+    good. The climate being very mild in winter, they never put their beasts
+    in any house. The lakes are never frozen so as to bear a man; and snow
+    never lies above a few hours. They have a good many sheep, which they
+    eat mostly themselves, and sell but a few. They have goats in several
+    places. There are no foxes; no serpents, toads, or frogs, nor any
+    venomous creature. They have otters and mice here; but had no rats till
+    lately that an American vessel brought them. There is a rabbit-warren on
+    the north-east of the island, belonging to the Duke of Argyle. Young Col
+    intends to get some hares, of which there are none at present. There are
+    no black-cock, muir-fowl<a href="#note-812">[812]</a>, nor partridges; but there are snipe,
+    wild-duck, wild-geese, and swans, in winter; wild-pidgeons, plover, and
+    great number of starlings; of which I shot some, and found them pretty
+    good eating. Woodcocks come hither, though there is not a tree upon the
+    island. There are no rivers in Col; but only some brooks, in which there
+    is a great variety of fish. In the whole isle there are but three hills,
+    and none of them considerable for a Highland country. The people are
+    very industrious. Every man can tan. They get oak, and birch-bark, and
+    lime, from the main land. Some have pits; but they commonly use tubs. I
+    saw brogues<a href="#note-813">[813]</a> very well tanned; and every man can make them. They all
+    make candles of the tallow of their beasts, both moulded and dipped; and
+    they all make oil of the livers of fish. The little fish called Cuddies
+    produce a great deal. They sell some oil out of the island, and they use
+    it much for light in their houses, in little iron lamps, most of which
+    they have from England; but of late their own blacksmith makes them. He
+    is a good workman; but he has no employment in shoeing horses, for they
+    all go unshod here, except some of a better kind belonging to young Col,
+    which were now in Mull. There are two carpenters in Col; but most of the
+    inhabitants can do something as boat-carpenters. They can all dye. Heath
+    is used for yellow; and for red, a moss which grows on stones. They make
+    broad-cloth, and tartan, and linen, of their own wool and flax,
+    sufficient for their own use; as also stockings. Their bonnets come from
+    the mainland. Hard-ware and several small articles are brought annually
+    from Greenock, and sold in the only shop in the island, which is kept
+    near the house, or rather hut, used for publick worship, there being no
+    church in the island. The inhabitants of Col have increased considerably
+    within these thirty years, as appears from the parish registers. There
+    are but three considerable tacksmen on Col's part of the island<a href="#note-814">[814]</a>:
+    the rest is let to small tenants, some of whom pay so low a rent as
+    four, three, or even two guineas. The highest is seven pounds, paid by a
+    farmer, whose son goes yearly on foot to Aberdeen for education, and in
+    summer returns, and acts as a schoolmaster in Col. Dr. Johnson said,
+    'There is something noble in a young man's walking two hundred miles and
+    back again, every year, for the sake of learning<a href="#note-815">[815]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    This day a number of people came to Col, with complaints of each others'
+    trespasses. Corneck, to prevent their being troublesome, told them, that
+    the lawyer from Edinburgh was here, and if they did not agree, he would
+    take them to task. They were alarmed at this; said, they had never been
+    used to go to law, and hoped Col would settle matters himself. In the
+    evening Corneck left us.
+</p>
+<p>
+    As, in our present confinement, any thing that had even the name of
+    curious was an object of attention, I proposed that Col should shew me
+    the great stone, mentioned in a former page<a href="#note-816">[816]</a>, as having been thrown
+    by a giant to the top of a mountain. Dr. Johnson, who did not like to be
+    left alone, said he would accompany us as far as riding was practicable.
+    We ascended a part of the hill on horseback, and Col and I scrambled up
+    the rest. A servant held our horses, and Dr. Johnson placed himself on
+    the ground, with his back against a large fragment of rock. The wind
+    being high, he let down the cocks of his hat, and tied it with his
+    handkerchief under his chin. While we were employed in examining the
+    stone, which did not repay our trouble in getting to it, he amused
+    himself with reading <i>Gataker on Lots and on the Christian Watch<a href="#note-817">[817]</a>,</i>
+    a very learned book, of the last age, which had been found in the garret
+    of Col's house, and which he said was a treasure here. When we descried
+    him from above, he had a most eremitical appearance; and on our return
+    told us, he had been so much engaged by Gataker, that he had never
+    missed us. His avidity for variety of books, while we were in Col, was
+    frequently expressed; and he often complained that so few were within
+    his reach. Upon which I observed to him, that it was strange he should
+    complain of want of books, when he could at any time make such
+    good ones.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We next proceeded to the lead mine. In our way we came to a strand of
+    some extent, where we were glad to take a gallop, in which my learned
+    friend joined with great alacrity. Dr. Johnson, mounted on a large bay
+    mare without shoes, and followed by a foal, which had some difficulty in
+    keeping up with him, was a singular spectacle.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After examining the mine, we returned through a very uncouth district,
+    full of sand hills; down which, though apparent precipices, our horses
+    carried us with safety, the sand always gently sliding away from their
+    feet. Vestiges of houses were pointed out to us, which Col, and two
+    others who had joined us, asserted had been overwhelmed with sand blown
+    over them. But, on going close to one of them, Dr. Johnson shewed the
+    absurdity of the notion, by remarking, that 'it was evidently only a
+    house abandoned, the stones of which had been taken away for other
+    purposes; for the large stones, which form the lower part of the walls,
+    were still standing higher than the sand. If <i>they</i> were not blown over,
+    it was clear nothing higher than they could be blown over.' This was
+    quite convincing to me; but it made not the least impression on Col and
+    the others, who were not to be argued out of a Highland tradition.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We did not sit down to dinner till between six and seven. We lived
+    plentifully here, and had a true welcome. In such a season good firing
+    was of no small importance. The peats were excellent, and burned
+    cheerfully. Those at Dunvegan, which were damp, Dr. Johnson called 'a
+    sullen fuel.' Here a Scottish phrase was singularly applied to him. One
+    of the company having remarked that he had gone out on a stormy evening,
+    and brought in a supply of peats from the stack, old Mr. M'Sweyn said,
+    'that was <i>main honest</i><a href="#note-818">[818]</a>!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Blenheim being occasionally mentioned, he told me he had never seen
+    it<a href="#note-819">[819]</a>: he had not gone formerly; and he would not go now, just as a
+    common spectator, for his money: he would not put it in the power of
+    some man about the Duke of Marlborough to say, 'Johnson was here; I knew
+    him, but I took no notice of him<a href="#note-820">[820]</a>.' He said, he should be very glad
+    to see it, if properly invited, which in all probability would never be
+    the case, as it was not worth his while to seek for it. I observed, that
+    he might be easily introduced there by a common friend of ours, nearly
+    related to the duke<a href="#note-821">[821]</a>. He answered, with an uncommon attention to
+    delicacy of feeling, 'I doubt whether our friend be on such a footing
+    with the duke as to carry any body there; and I would not give him the
+    uneasiness of seeing that I knew he was not, or even of being himself
+    reminded of it.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_63"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SUNDAY, OCTOBER 10.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    There was this day the most terrible storm of wind and rain that I ever
+    remember<a href="#note-822">[822]</a>. It made such an awful impression on us all, as to
+    produce, for some time, a kind of dismal quietness in the house. The day
+    was passed without much conversation: only, upon my observing that there
+    must be something bad in a man's mind, who does not like to give leases
+    to his tenants, but wishes to keep them in a perpetual wretched
+    dependance on his will, Dr. Johnson said, 'You are right: it is a man's
+    duty to extend comfort and security among as many people as he can. He
+    should not wish to have his tenants mere <i>Ephemerae</i>,&mdash;mere beings of an
+    hour<a href="#note-823">[823]</a>.' BOSWELL. 'But, Sir, if they have leases is there not some
+    danger that they may grow insolent? I remember you yourself once told
+    me, an English tenant was so independent, that, if provoked, he would
+    <i>throw</i> his rent at his landlord.' JOHNSON. 'Depend upon it, Sir, it is
+    the landlord's own fault, if it is thrown at him. A man may always keep
+    his tenants in dependence enough, though they have leases. He must be a
+    good tenant indeed, who will not fall behind in his rent, if his
+    landlord will let him; and if he does fall behind, his landlord has him
+    at his mercy. Indeed, the poor man is always much at the mercy of the
+    rich; no matter whether landlord or tenant. If the tenant lets his
+    landlord have a little rent beforehand, or has lent him money, then the
+    landlord is in his power. There cannot be a greater man than a tenant
+    who has lent money to his landlord; for he has under subjection the very
+    man to whom he should be subjected.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_64"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    MONDAY, OCTOBER II.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    We had some days ago engaged the Campbelltown vessel to carry us to
+    Mull, from the harbour where she lay. The morning was fine, and the wind
+    fair and moderate; so we hoped at length to get away.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mrs. M'Sweyn, who officiated as our landlady here, had never been on the
+    main land. On hearing this, Dr. Johnson said to me, before her, 'That is
+    rather being behind-hand with life. I would at least go and see
+    Glenelg.' BOSWELL. 'You yourself, Sir, have never seen, till now, any
+    thing but your native island.' JOHNSON. 'But, Sir, by seeing London, I
+    have seen as much of life as the world can shew<a href="#note-824">[824]</a>.' BOSWELL. 'You
+    have not seen Pekin.' JOHNSON. 'What is Pekin? Ten thousand Londoners
+    would <i>drive</i> all the people of Pekin: they would drive them like deer.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We set out about eleven for the harbour; but, before we reached it, so
+    violent a storm came on, that we were obliged again to take shelter in
+    the house of Captain M'Lean, where we dined, and passed the night.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_65"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    TUESDAY, OCTOBER 12.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    After breakfast, we made a second attempt to get to the harbour; but
+    another storm soon convinced us that it would be in vain. Captain
+    M'Lean's house being in some confusion, on account of Mrs. M'Lean being
+    expected to lie-in, we resolved to go to Mr. M'Sweyn's, where we arrived
+    very wet, fatigued, and hungry. In this situation, we were somewhat
+    disconcerted by being told that we should have no dinner till late in
+    the evening, but should have tea in the mean time. Dr. Johnson opposed
+    this arrangement; but they persisted, and he took the tea very readily.
+    He said to me afterwards, 'You must consider, Sir, a dinner here is a
+    matter of great consequence. It is a thing to be first planned, and then
+    executed. I suppose the mutton was brought some miles off, from some
+    place where they knew there was a sheep killed.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Talking of the good people with whom we were, he said, 'Life has not got
+    at all forward by a generation in M'Sweyn's family; for the son is
+    exactly formed upon the father. What the father says, the son says; and
+    what the father looks, the son looks.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    There being little conversation to-night, I must endeavour to recollect
+    what I may have omitted on former occasions. When I boasted, at Rasay,
+    of my independency of spirit, and that I could not be bribed, he said,
+    'Yes, you may be bribed by flattery.' At the Reverend Mr. M'Lean's, Dr.
+    Johnson asked him, if the people of Col had any superstitions. He said,
+    'No.' The cutting peats at the increase of the moon was mentioned as
+    one; but he would not allow it, saying, it was not a superstition, but a
+    whim. Dr. Johnson would not admit the distinction. There were many
+    superstitions, he maintained, not connected with religion; and this was
+    one of them<a href="#note-825">[825]</a>. On Monday we had a dispute at the Captain's, whether
+    sand-hills could be fixed down by art. Dr. Johnson said, 'How <i>the
+    devil</i> can you do it?' but instantly corrected himself, 'How can you do
+    it<a href="#note-826">[826]</a>?' I never before heard him use a phrase of that nature.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He has particularities which it is impossible to explain<a href="#note-827">[827]</a>. He never
+    wears a night-cap, as I have already mentioned; but he puts a
+    handkerchief on his head in the night. The day that we left Talisker, he
+    bade us ride on. He then turned the head of his horse back towards
+    Talisker, stopped for some time; then wheeled round to the same
+    direction with ours, and then came briskly after us. He sets open a
+    window in the coldest day or night, and stands before it. It may do with
+    his constitution; but most people, amongst whom I am one, would say,
+    with the frogs in the fable, 'This may be sport to you; but it is death
+    to us.' It is in vain to try to find a meaning in every one of his
+    particularities, which, I suppose, are mere habits, contracted by
+    chance; of which every man has some that are more or less remarkable.
+    His speaking to himself, or rather repeating, is a common habit with
+    studious men accustomed to deep thinking; and, in consequence of their
+    being thus rapt, they will even laugh by themselves, if the subject
+    which they are musing on is a merry one. Dr. Johnson is often uttering
+    pious ejaculations, when he appears to be talking to himself; for
+    sometimes his voice grows stronger, and parts of the Lord's Prayer are
+    heard<a href="#note-828">[828]</a>. I have sat beside him with more than ordinary reverence on
+    such occasions<a href="#note-829">[829]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In our Tour, I observed that he was disgusted whenever he met with
+    coarse manners. He said to me, 'I know not how it is, but I cannot bear
+    low life<a href="#note-830">[830]</a>: and I find others, who have as good a right as I to be
+    fastidious, bear it better, by having mixed more with different sorts of
+    men. You would think that I have mixed pretty well too.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He read this day a good deal of my <i>Journal</i>, written in a small book
+    with which he had supplied me, and was pleased, for he said, 'I wish thy
+    books were twice as big.' He helped me to fill up blanks which I had
+    left in first writing it, when I was not quite sure of what he had said,
+    and he corrected any mistakes that I had made. 'They call me a scholar,
+    (said he,) and yet how very little literature is there in my
+    conversation.' BOSWELL. 'That, Sir, must be according to your company.
+    You would not give literature to those who cannot taste it. Stay till we
+    meet Lord Elibank.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We had at last a good dinner, or rather supper, and were very well
+    satisfied with our entertainment.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_66"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 13.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Col called me up, with intelligence that it was a good day for a passage
+    to Mull; and just as we rose, a sailor from the vessel arrived for us.
+    We got all ready with dispatch. Dr. Johnson was displeased at my
+    bustling, and walking quickly up and down. He said, 'It does not hasten
+    us a bit. It is getting on horseback in a ship<a href="#note-831">[831]</a>. All boys do it; and
+    you are longer a boy than others.' He himself has no alertness, or
+    whatever it may be called; so he may dislike it, as <i>Oderunt hilarem
+    tristes<a href="#note-832">[832]</a>.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    Before we reached the harbour, the wind grew high again. However, the
+    small boat was waiting and took us on board. We remained for some time
+    in uncertainty what to do: at last it was determined, that, as a good
+    part of the day was over, and it was dangerous to be at sea at night, in
+    such a vessel, and such weather, we should not sail till the morning
+    tide, when the wind would probably be more gentle. We resolved not to go
+    ashore again, but lie here in readiness. Dr. Johnson and I had each a
+    bed in the cabin. Col sat at the fire in the fore-castle, with the
+    captain, and Joseph, and the rest. I eat some dry oatmeal, of which I
+    found a barrel in the cabin. I had not done this since I was a boy. Dr.
+    Johnson owned that he too was fond of it when a boy<a href="#note-833">[833]</a>; a circumstance
+    which I was highly pleased to hear from him, as it gave me an
+    opportunity of observing that, notwithstanding his joke on the article
+    of OATS<a href="#note-834">[834]</a>, he was himself a proof that this kind of <i>food</i> was not
+    peculiar to the people of Scotland.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_67"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THURSDAY, OCTOBER 14.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    When Dr. Johnson awaked this morning, he called <i>'Lanky!'</i> having, I
+    suppose, been thinking of Langton; but corrected himself instantly, and
+    cried, <i>'Bozzy!'</i> He has a way of contracting the names of his friends.
+    Goldsmith feels himself so important now, as to be displeased at it. I
+    remember one day, when Tom Davies was telling that Dr. Johnson said, We
+    are all in labour for a name to <i>Goldy's</i> play,' Goldsmith cried 'I have
+    often desired him not to call me <i>Goldy<a href="#note-835">[835]</a>.'</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    Between six and seven we hauled our anchor, and set sail with a fair
+    breeze; and, after a pleasant voyage, we got safely and agreeably into
+    the harbour of Tobermorie, before the wind rose, which it always has
+    done, for some days, about noon.  Tobermorie is an excellent harbour.
+    An island lies before it, and it is surrounded by a hilly theatre<a href="#note-836">[836]</a>.
+    The island is too low, otherwise this would be quite a secure port; but,
+    the island not being a sufficient protection, some storms blow very hard
+    here. Not long ago, fifteen vessels were blown from their moorings.
+    There are sometimes sixty or seventy sail here: to-day there were twelve
+    or fourteen vessels. To see such a fleet was the next thing to seeing a
+    town. The vessels were from different places; Clyde, Campbelltown,
+    Newcastle, &amp;c. One was returning to Lancaster from Hamburgh. After
+    having been shut up so long in Col, the sight of such an assemblage of
+    moving habitations, containing such a variety of people, engaged in
+    different pursuits, gave me much gaiety of spirit. When we had landed,
+    Dr. Johnson said, 'Boswell is now all alive. He is like Antaeus; he gets
+    new vigour whenever he touches the ground.' I went to the top of a hill
+    fronting the harbour, from whence I had a good view of it. We had here a
+    tolerable inn. Dr. Johnson had owned to me this morning, that he was out
+    of humour. Indeed, he shewed it a good deal in the ship; for when I was
+    expressing my joy on the prospect of our landing in Mull, he said, he
+    had no joy, when he recollected that it would be five days before he
+    should get to the main land. I was afraid he would now take a sudden
+    resolution to give up seeing Icolmkill. A dish of tea, and some good
+    bread and butter, did him service, and his bad humour went off. I told
+    him, that I was diverted to hear all the people whom we had visited in
+    our tour, say, <i>'Honest man!</i> he's pleased with every thing; he's always
+    content!'&mdash;'Little do they know,' said I. He laughed, and said, 'You
+    rogue<a href="#note-837">[837]</a>!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We sent to hire horses to carry us across the island of Mull to the
+    shore opposite to Inchkenneth, the residence of Sir Allan M'Lean, uncle
+    to young Col, and Chief of the M'Leans, to whose house we intended to go
+    the next day. Our friend Col went to visit his aunt, the wife of Dr.
+    Alexander M'Lean, a physician, who lives about a mile from Tobermorie.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson and I sat by ourselves at the inn, and talked a good deal. I
+    told him, that I had found, in Leandro Alberti's Description of Italy,
+    much of what Addison has given us in his <i>Remarks</i><a href="#note-838">[838]</a>. He said, 'The
+    collection of passages from the Classicks has been made by another
+    Italian: it is, however, impossible to detect a man as a plagiary in
+    such a case, because all who set about making such a collection must
+    find the same passages; but, if you find the same applications in
+    another book, then Addison's learning in his <i>Remarks</i> tumbles down. It
+    is a tedious book; and, if it were not attached to Addison's previous
+    reputation, one would not think much of it. Had he written nothing else,
+    his name would not have lived. Addison does not seem to have gone deep
+    in Italian literature: he shews nothing of it in his subsequent
+    writings. He shews a great deal of French learning. There is, perhaps,
+    more knowledge circulated in the French language than in any other<a href="#note-839">[839]</a>.
+    There is more original knowledge in English.' 'But the French (said I)
+    have the art of accommodating<a href="#note-840">[840]</a> literature.' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir: we
+    have no such book as Moreri's <i>Dictionary</i><a href="#note-841">[841]</a>.' BOSWELL. 'Their
+    <i>Ana</i><a href="#note-842">[842]</a> are good.' JOHNSON. 'A few of them are good; but we have one
+    book of that kind better than any of them; Selden's <i>Table-talk</i>. As to
+    original literature, the French have a couple of tragick poets who go
+    round the world, Racine and Corneille, and one comick poet, Moliere.'
+    BOSWELL. 'They have Fenelon.' JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, <i>Telemachus</i> is pretty
+    well.' BOSWELL. 'And Voltaire, Sir.' JOHNSON. 'He has not stood his
+    trial yet. And what makes Voltaire chiefly circulate is collection; such
+    as his <i>Universal History</i>.' BOSWELL. 'What do you say to the Bishop of
+    Meaux?' JOHNSON. 'Sir, nobody reads him<a href="#note-843">[843]</a>.' He would not allow
+    Massilon and Bourdaloue to go round the world. In general, however, he
+    gave the French much praise for their industry.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He asked me whether he had mentioned, in any of the papers of the
+    <i>Rambler</i>, the description in Virgil of the entrance into Hell, with an
+    application to the press; 'for (said he) I do not much remember them.' I
+    told him, 'No.' Upon which he repeated it:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Vestibulum ante ipsum, primisque in faucibus orci,
+      Luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae;
+      Pallentesque habitant Morbi, tristisque Senectus,
+      Et metus, et malesuada Fames, et turpis Egestas,
+      Terribiles visu formae; Lethumque, Laborque<a href="#note-844">[844]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Now, (said he) almost all these apply exactly to an authour: all these
+    are the concomitants of a printing-house. I proposed to him to dictate
+    an essay on it, and offered to write it. He said, he would not do it
+    then, but perhaps would write one at some future period.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The Sunday evening that we sat by ourselves at Aberdeen, I asked him
+    several particulars of his life, from his early years, which he readily
+    told me; and I wrote them down before him. This day I proceeded in my
+    inquiries, also writing them in his presence. I have them on detached
+    sheets. I shall collect authentick materials for THE LIFE OF SAMUEL
+    JOHNSON, LL.D.; and, if I survive him, I shall be one who will most
+    faithfully do honour to his memory. I have now a vast treasure of his
+    conversation, at different times, since the year 1762<a href="#note-845">[845]</a>, when I first
+    obtained his acquaintance; and, by assiduous inquiry, I can make up for
+    not knowing him sooner<a href="#note-846">[846]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    A Newcastle ship-master, who happened to be in the house, intruded
+    himself upon us. He was much in liquor, and talked nonsense about his
+    being a man for <i>Wilkes and Liberty</i>, and against the ministry. Dr.
+    Johnson was angry, that 'a fellow should come into <i>our</i> company, who
+    was fit for <i>no</i> company.' He left us soon.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Col returned from his aunt, and told us, she insisted that we should
+    come to her house that night. He introduced to us Mr. Campbell, the Duke
+    of Argyle's factor in Tyr-yi. He was a genteel, agreeable man. He was
+    going to Inverary, and promised to put letters into the post-office for
+    us<a href="#note-847">[847]</a>. I now found that Dr. Johnson's desire to get on the main land,
+    arose from his anxiety to have an opportunity of conveying letters to
+    his friends.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After dinner, we proceeded to Dr. M'Lean's, which was about a mile from
+    our inn. He was not at home, but we were received by his lady and
+    daughter, who entertained us so well, that Dr. Johnson seemed quite
+    happy. When we had supped, he asked me to give him some paper to write
+    letters. I begged he would write short ones, and not <i>expatiate</i>, as we
+    ought to set off early. He was irritated by this, and said, 'What must
+    be done; must be done: the thing is past a joke.' 'Nay, Sir, (said I,)
+    write as much as you please; but do not blame me, if we are kept six
+    days before we get to the main land. You were very impatient in the
+    morning: but no sooner do you find yourself in good quarters, than you
+    forget that you are to move.' I got him paper enough, and we parted in
+    good humour.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Let me now recollect whatever particulars I have omitted. In the morning
+    I said to him, before we landed at Tobermorie, 'We shall see Dr. M'Lean,
+    who has written <i>The History of the M'Leans'</i>. JOHNSON. 'I have no great
+    patience to stay to hear the history of the M'Leans. I would rather hear
+    the History of the Thrales.' When on Mull, I said, 'Well, Sir, this is
+    the fourth of the Hebrides that we have been upon.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, we
+    cannot boast of the number we have seen. We thought we should see many
+    more. We thought of sailing about easily from island to island; and so
+    we should, had we come at a better season<a href="#note-848">[848]</a>; but we, being wise men,
+    thought it would be summer all the year where <i>we</i> were. However, Sir,
+    we have seen enough to give us a pretty good notion of the system of
+    insular life.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Let me not forget, that he sometimes amused himself with very slight
+    reading; from which, however, his conversation shewed that he contrived
+    to extract some benefit. At Captain M'Lean's he read a good deal in <i>The
+    Charmer</i>, a collection of songs<a href="#note-849">[849]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We this morning found that we could not proceed, there being a violent
+    storm of wind and rain, and the rivers being impassable. When I
+    expressed my discontent at our confinement, Dr. Johnson said, 'Now that
+    I have had an opportunity of writing to the main land, I am in no such
+    haste.' I was amused with his being so easily satisfied; for the truth
+    was, that the gentleman who was to convey our letters, as I was now
+    informed, was not to set out for Inverary for some time; so that it was
+    probable we should be there as soon as he: however, I did not undeceive
+    my friend, but suffered him to enjoy his fancy.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson asked, in the evening, to see Dr. M'Lean's books. He took
+    down Willis <i>de Anima Brutorum</i><a href="#note-850">[850]</a>, and pored over it a good deal.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Miss M'Lean produced some Erse poems by John M'Lean, who was a famous
+    bard in Mull, and had died only a few years ago. He could neither read
+    nor write. She read and translated two of them; one, a kind of elegy on
+    Sir John M'Lean's being obliged to fly his country in 1715; another, a
+    dialogue between two Roman Catholick young ladies, sisters, whether it
+    was better to be a nun or to marry. I could not perceive much poetical
+    imagery in the translation. Yet all of our company who understood Erse,
+    seemed charmed with the original. There may, perhaps, be some choice of
+    expression, and some excellence of arrangement, that cannot be shewn in
+    translation.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After we had exhausted the Erse poems, of which Dr. Johnson said
+    nothing, Miss M'Lean gave us several tunes on a spinnet, which, though
+    made so long ago as in 1667, was still very well toned. She sung along
+    with it. Dr. Johnson seemed pleased with the musick, though he owns he
+    neither likes it, nor has hardly any perception of it. At Mr.
+    M'Pherson's, in Slate, he told us, that 'he knew a drum from a trumpet,
+    and a bagpipe from a guittar, which was about the extent of his
+    knowledge of musick.' To-night he said, that, 'if he had learnt musick,
+    he should have been afraid he would have done nothing else but play. It
+    was a method of employing the mind without the labour of thinking at
+    all, and with some applause from a man's self<a href="#note-851">[851]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We had the musick of the bagpipe every day, at Armidale, Dunvegan, and
+    Col. Dr. Johnson appeared fond of it, and used often to stand for some
+    time with his ear close to the great drone.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The penurious gentleman of our acquaintance, formerly alluded to<a href="#note-852">[852]</a>,
+    afforded us a topick of conversation to-night. Dr. Johnson said, I ought
+    to write down a collection of the instances of his narrowness, as they
+    almost exceeded belief. Col told us, that O'Kane, the famous Irish
+    harper, was once at that gentleman's house. He could not find in his
+    heart to give him any money, but gave him a key for a harp, which was
+    finely ornamented with gold and silver, and with a precious stone, and
+    was worth eighty or a hundred guineas. He did not know the value of it;
+    and when he came to know it, he would fain have had it back; but O'Kane
+    took care that he should not. JOHNSON. 'They exaggerate the value; every
+    body is so desirous that he should be fleeced. I am very willing it
+    should be worth eighty or a hundred guineas; but I do not believe it.'
+    BOSWELL. 'I do not think O'Kane was obliged to give it back.' JOHNSON.
+    'No, Sir. If a man with his eyes open, and without any means used to
+    deceive him, gives me a thing, I am not to let him have it again when he
+    grows wiser. I like to see how avarice defeats itself: how, when
+    avoiding to part with money, the miser gives something more valuable.'
+    Col said, the gentleman's relations were angry at his giving away the
+    harp-key, for it had been long in the family. JOHNSON. 'Sir, he values a
+    new guinea more than an old friend.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Col also told us, that the same person having come up with a serjeant
+    and twenty men, working on the high road, he entered into discourse with
+    the serjeant, and then gave him sixpence for the men to drink. The
+    serjeant asked, 'Who is this fellow?'. Upon being informed, he said, 'If
+    I had known who he was, I should have thrown it in his face.' JOHNSON.
+    'There is much want of sense in all this. He had no business to speak
+    with the serjeant. He might have been in haste, and trotted on. He has
+    not learnt to be a miser: I believe we must take him apprentice.'
+    BOSWELL. 'He would grudge giving half a guinea to be taught.' JOHNSON.
+    'Nay, Sir, you must teach him <i>gratis</i>. You must give him an opportunity
+    to practice your precepts.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Let me now go back, and glean <i>Johnsoniana</i>. The Saturday before we
+    sailed from Slate, I sat awhile in the afternoon, with Dr. Johnson in
+    his room, in a quiet serious frame. I observed, that hardly any man was
+    accurately prepared for dying; but almost every one left something
+    undone, something in confusion; that my father, indeed, told me he knew
+    one man, (Carlisle of Limekilns,) after whose death all his papers were
+    found in exact order; and nothing was omitted in his will. JOHNSON.
+    'Sir, I had an uncle who died so; but such attention requires great
+    leisure, and great firmness of mind. If one was to think constantly of
+    death, the business of life would stand still. I am no friend to making
+    religion appear too hard. Many good people have done harm by giving
+    severe notions of it. In the same way, as to learning: I never frighten
+    young people with difficulties; on the contrary, I tell them that they
+    may very easily get as much as will do very well. I do not indeed tell
+    them that they will be <i>Bentleys</i>!
+</p>
+<p>
+    The night we rode to Col's house, I said, 'Lord Elibank is probably
+    wondering what is become of us.' JOHNSON. 'No, no; he is not thinking of
+    us.' BOSWELL. 'But recollect the warmth with which he wrote<a href="#note-853">[853]</a>. Are we
+    not to believe a man, when he says he has a great desire to see another?
+    Don't you believe that I was very impatient for your coming to
+    Scotland?' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; I believe you were; and I was impatient
+    to come to you. A young man feels so, but seldom an old man.' I however
+    convinced him that Lord Elibank, who has much of the spirit of a young
+    man, might feel so. He asked me if our jaunt had answered expectation. I
+    said it had much exceeded it. I expected much difficulty with him, and
+    had not found it. 'And (he added) wherever we have come, we have been
+    received like princes in their progress.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He said, he would not wish not to be disgusted in the Highlands; for
+    that would be to lose the power of distinguishing, and a man might then
+    lie down in the middle of them. He wished only to conceal his disgust.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At Captain M'Lean's, I mentioned Pope's friend, Spence. JOHNSON. 'He was
+    a weak conceited man<a href="#note-854">[854]</a>.' BOSWELL. 'A good scholar, Sir?' JOHNSON.
+    'Why, no, Sir.' BOSWELL. 'He was a pretty scholar.' JOHNSON. 'You have
+    about reached him.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Last night at the inn, when the factor in Tyr-yi spoke of his having
+    heard that a roof was put on some part of the buildings at Icolmkill, I
+    unluckily said, 'It will be fortunate if we find a cathedral with a roof
+    on it.' I said this from a foolish anxiety to engage Dr. Johnson's
+    curiosity more. He took me short at once. 'What, Sir? how can you talk
+    so? If we shall <i>find</i> a cathedral roofed! as if we were going to a
+    <i>terra incognita</i>; when every thing that is at Icolmkill is so well
+    known. You are like some New-England-men who came to the mouth of the
+    Thames. "Come, (say they,) let us go up and see what sort of inhabitants
+    there are here." They talked, Sir, as if they had been to go up the
+    Susquehannah, or any other American river.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_68"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SATURDAY, OCTOBER 16.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    This day there was a new moon, and the weather changed for the better.
+    Dr. Johnson said of Miss M'Lean, 'She is the most accomplished lady that
+    I have found in the Highlands. She knows French, musick, and drawing,
+    sews neatly, makes shellwork, and can milk cows; in short, she can do
+    every thing. She talks sensibly, and is the first person whom I have
+    found, that can translate Erse poetry literally<a href="#note-855">[855]</a>.' We set out,
+    mounted on little Mull horses. Mull corresponded exactly with the idea
+    which I had always had of it; a hilly country, diversified with heath
+    and grass, and many rivulets. Dr. Johnson was not in very good humour.
+    He said, it was a dreary country, much worse than Sky. I differed from
+    him. 'O, Sir, (said he,) a most dolorous country<a href="#note-856">[856]</a>!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We had a very hard journey to-day. I had no bridle for my sheltie, but
+    only a halter; and Joseph rode without a saddle. At one place, a loch
+    having swelled over the road, we were obliged to plunge through pretty
+    deep water. Dr. Johnson observed, how helpless a man would be, were he
+    travelling here alone, and should meet with any accident; and said, 'he
+    longed to get to <i>a country of saddles and bridles</i>' He was more out of
+    humour to-day, than he has been in the course of our Tour, being fretted
+    to find that his little horse could scarcely support his weight; and
+    having suffered a loss, which, though small in itself, was of some
+    consequence to him, while travelling the rugged steeps of Mull, where he
+    was at times obliged to walk. The loss that I allude to was that of the
+    large oak-stick, which, as I formerly mentioned, he had brought with him
+    from London<a href="#note-857">[857]</a>. It was of great use to him in our wild peregrination;
+    for, ever since his last illness in 1766<a href="#note-858">[858]</a>, he has had a weakness in
+    his knees, and has not been able to walk easily. It had too the
+    properties of a measure; for one nail was driven into it at the length
+    of a foot; another at that of a yard. In return for the services it had
+    done him, he said, this morning he would make a present of it to some
+    Museum; but he little thought he was so soon to lose it. As he
+    preferred riding with a switch, it was entrusted to a fellow to be
+    delivered to our baggage-man, who followed us at some distance; but we
+    never saw it more. I could not persuade him out of a suspicion that it
+    had been stolen. 'No, no, my friend, (said he,) it is not to be expected
+    that any man in Mull, who has got it, will part with it. Consider, Sir,
+    the value of such a <i>piece of timber</i> here!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    As we travelled this forenoon, we met Dr. McLean, who expressed much
+    regret at his having been so unfortunate as to be absent while we were
+    at his house.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We were in hopes to get to Sir Allan Maclean's at Inchkenneth, to-night;
+    but the eight miles, of which our road was said to consist, were so very
+    long, that we did not reach the opposite coast of Mull till seven at
+    night, though we had set out about eleven in the forenoon; and when we
+    did arrive there, we found the wind strong against us. Col determined
+    that we should pass the night at M'Quarrie's, in the island of Ulva,
+    which lies between Mull and Inchkenneth; and a servant was sent forward
+    to the ferry, to secure the boat for us; but the boat was gone to the
+    Ulva side, and the wind was so high that the people could not hear him
+    call; and the night so dark that they could not see a signal. We should
+    have been in a very bad situation, had there not fortunately been lying
+    in the little sound of Ulva an Irish vessel, the Bonnetta, of
+    Londonderry, Captain M'Lure, master. He himself was at M'Quarrie's; but
+    his men obligingly came with their long-boat, and ferried us over.
+    M'Quarrie's house was mean; but we were agreeably surprized with the
+    appearance of the master, whom we found to be intelligent, polite, and
+    much a man of the world. Though his clan is not numerous, he is a very
+    ancient Chief, and has a burial place at Icolmkill. He told us, his
+    family had possessed Ulva for nine hundred years; but I was distressed
+    to hear that it was soon to be sold for payment of his debts.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Captain M'Lure, whom we found here, was of Scotch extraction, and
+    properly a McLeod, being descended of some of the M'Leods who went with
+    Sir Normand of Bernera to the battle of Worcester; and after the defeat
+    of the royalists, fled to Ireland, and, to conceal themselves, took a
+    different name. He told me, there was a great number of them about
+    Londonderry; some of good property. I said, they should now resume
+    their real name. The Laird of M'Leod should go over, and assemble them,
+    and make them all drink the large horn full<a href="#note-859">[859]</a>, and from that time
+    they should be M'Leods. The captain informed us, he had named his ship
+    the Bonnetta, out of gratitude to Providence; for once, when he was
+    sailing to America with a good number of passengers, the ship in which
+    he then sailed was becalmed for five weeks, and during all that time,
+    numbers of the fish Bonnetta swam close to her, and were caught for
+    food; he resolved therefore, that the ship he should next get, should be
+    called the Bonnetta.
+</p>
+<p>
+    M'Quarrie told us a strong instance of the second sight. He had gone to
+    Edinburgh, and taken a man-servant along with him. An old woman, who was
+    in the house, said one day, 'M'Quarrie will be at home to-morrow, and
+    will bring two gentlemen with him;' and she said, she saw his servant
+    return in red and green. He did come home next day. He had two gentlemen
+    with him; and his servant had a new red and green livery, which
+    M'Quarrie had bought for him at Edinburgh, upon a sudden thought, not
+    having the least intention when he left home to put his servant in
+    livery; so that the old woman could not have heard any previous mention
+    of it. This, he assured us, was a true story.
+</p>
+<p>
+    M'Quarrie insisted that the <i>Mercheta Mulierum</i>, mentioned in our old
+    charters, did really mean the privilege which a lord of the manor, or a
+    baron, had, to have the first night of all his vassals' wives. Dr.
+    Johnson said, the belief of such a custom having existed was also held
+    in England, where there is a tenure called <i>Borough English</i>, by which
+    the eldest child does not inherit, from a doubt of his being the son of
+    the tenant<a href="#note-860">[860]</a>. M'Quarrie told us, that still, on the marriage of each
+    of his tenants, a sheep is due to him; for which the composition is
+    fixed at five shillings<a href="#note-861">[861]</a>. I suppose, Ulva is the only place where
+    this custom remains.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Talking of the sale of an estate of an ancient family, which was said to
+    have been purchased much under its value by the confidential lawyer of
+    that family, and it being mentioned that the sale would probably be set
+    aside by a suit in equity, Dr. Johnson said, 'I am very willing that
+    this sale should be set aside, but I doubt much whether the suit will be
+    successful; for the argument for avoiding the sale is founded on vague
+    and indeterminate principles, as that the price was too low, and that
+    there was a great degree of confidence placed by the seller in the
+    person who became the purchaser. Now, how low should a price be? or what
+    degree of confidence should there be to make a bargain be set aside? a
+    bargain, which is a wager of skill between man and man. If, indeed, any
+    fraud can be proved, that will do.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    When Dr. Johnson and I were by ourselves at night, I observed of our
+    host, '<i>aspectum generosum habet;'&mdash;'et generosum animum</i>', he added.
+    For fear of being overheard in the small Highland houses, I often talked
+    to him in such Latin as I could speak, and with as much of the English
+    accent as I could assume, so as not to be understood, in case our
+    conversation should be too loud for the space.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We had each an elegant bed in the same room; and here it was that a
+    circumstance occurred, as to which he has been strangely misunderstood.
+    From his description of his chamber, it has erroneously been supposed,
+    that his bed being too short for him, his feet during the night were in
+    the mire; whereas he has only said, that when he undressed, he felt his
+    feet in the mire: that is, the clay-floor of the room, on which he stood
+    upon before he went into bed, was wet, in consequence of the windows
+    being broken, which let in the rain<a href="#note-862">[862]</a>.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_69"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SUNDAY, OCTOBER 17.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Being informed that there was nothing worthy of observation in Ulva, we
+    took boat, and proceeded to Inchkenneth, where we were introduced by our
+    friend Col to Sir Allan M'Lean, the Chief of his clan, and to two young
+    ladies, his daughters. Inchkenneth is a pretty little island, a mile
+    long, and about half a mile broad, all good land<a href="#note-863">[863]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    As we walked up from the shore, Dr. Johnson's heart was cheered by the
+    sight of a road marked with cart-wheels, as on the main land; a thing
+    which we had not seen for a long time. It gave us a pleasure similar to
+    that which a traveller feels, when, whilst wandering on what he fears is
+    a desert island, he perceives the print of human feet.  Military men
+    acquire excellent habits of having all conveniences about them. Sir
+    Allan M'Lean, who had been long in the army, and had now a lease of the
+    island, had formed a commodious habitation, though it consisted but of a
+    few small buildings, only one story high<a href="#note-864">[864]</a>. He had, in his little
+    apartments, more things than I could enumerate in a page or two.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Among other agreeable circumstances, it was not the least, to find here
+    a parcel of the <i>Caledonian Mercury</i>, published since we left Edinburgh;
+    which I read with that pleasure which every man feels who has been for
+    some time secluded from the animated scenes of the busy world.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson found books here. He bade me buy Bishop Gastrell's
+    <i>Christian Institutes</i><a href="#note-865">[865]</a>, which was lying in the room. He said, 'I do
+    not like to read any thing on a Sunday, but what is theological; not
+    that I would scrupulously refuse to look at any thing which a friend
+    should shew me in a newspaper; but in general, I would read only what is
+    theological. I read just now some of Drummond's <i>Travels</i><a href="#note-866">[866]</a>, before I
+    perceived what books were here. I then took up Derham's
+    <i>Physico-Theology</i><a href="#note-867">[867]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Every particular concerning this island having been so well described by
+    Dr. Johnson, it would be superfluous in me to present the publick with
+    the observations that I made upon it, in my <i>Journal</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I was quite easy with Sir Allan almost instantaneously. He knew the
+    great intimacy that had been between my father and his predecessor, Sir
+    Hector, and was himself of a very frank disposition. After dinner, Sir
+    Allan said he had got Dr. Campbell about an hundred subscribers to his
+    <i>Britannia Elucidata</i>, (a work since published under the title of <i>A
+    Political Survey of Great Britain</i><a href="#note-868">[868]</a>,) of whom he believed twenty
+    were dead, the publication having been so long delayed. JOHNSON. 'Sir, I
+    imagine the delay of publication is owing to this;&mdash;that, after
+    publication, there will be no more subscribers, and few will send the
+    additional guinea to get their books: in which they will be wrong; for
+    there will be a great deal of instruction in the work. I think highly of
+    Campbell<a href="#note-869">[869]</a>. In the first place, he has very good parts. In the second
+    place, he has very extensive reading; not, perhaps, what is properly
+    called learning, but history, politicks, and, in short, that popular
+    knowledge which makes a man very useful. In the third place, he has
+    learned much by what is called the <i>vox viva</i>. He talks with a great
+    many people.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Speaking of this gentleman, at Rasay, he told us, that he one day called
+    on him, and they talked of Tull's <i>Husbandry</i><a href="#note-870">[870]</a>. Dr. Campbell said
+    something. Dr. Johnson began to dispute it. 'Come, (said Dr. Campbell,)
+    we do not want to get the better of one another: we want to encrease
+    each other's ideas.' Dr. Johnson took it in good part, and the
+    conversation then went on coolly and instructively. His candour in
+    relating this anecdote does him much credit, and his conduct on that
+    occasion proves how easily he could be persuaded to talk from a better
+    motive than 'for victory<a href="#note-871">[871]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson here shewed so much of the spirit of a Highlander, that he
+    won Sir Allan's heart: indeed, he has shewn it during the whole of our
+    Tour. One night, in Col, he strutted about the room with a broad sword
+    and target, and made a formidable appearance; and, another night, I took
+    the liberty to put a large blue bonnet on his head. His age, his size,
+    and his bushy grey wig, with this covering on it, presented the image
+    of a venerable <i>Senachi</i><a href="#note-872">[872]</a>: and, however unfavourable to the Lowland
+    Scots, he seemed much pleased to assume the appearance of an ancient
+    Caledonian. We only regretted that he could not be prevailed with to
+    partake of the social glass. One of his arguments against drinking,
+    appears to me not convincing. He urged, that 'in proportion as drinking
+    makes a man different from what he is before he has drunk, it is bad;
+    because it has so far affected his reason.' But may it not be answered,
+    that a man may be altered by it <i>for the better</i>; that his spirits may
+    be exhilarated, without his reason being affected<a href="#note-873">[873]</a>. On the general
+    subject of drinking, however, I do not mean positively to take the other
+    side. I am <i>dubius, non improbus</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the evening, Sir Allan informed us that it was the custom of his
+    house to have prayers every Sunday; and Miss M'Lean read the evening
+    service, in which we all joined. I then read Ogden's second and ninth
+    <i>Sermons on Prayer</i>, which, with their other distinguished excellence,
+    have the merit of being short. Dr. Johnson said, that it was the most
+    agreeable Sunday he had ever passed<a href="#note-874">[874]</a>; and it made such an impression
+    on his mind, that he afterwards wrote the following Latin verses upon
+    Inchkenneth<a href="#note-875">[875]</a>:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     INSULA SANCTI KENNETHI.
+
+     Parva quidem regio, sed relligione priorum
+       Nota, Caledonias panditur inter aquas;
+     Voce ubi Cennethus populos domuisse feroces
+       Dicitur, et vanos dedocuisse deos.
+     Hue ego delatus placido per coerula cursu
+       Scire locum volui quid daret ille novi.
+     Illic Leniades humili regnabat in aula,
+       Leniades magnis nobilitatus avis:
+     Una duas habuit casa cum genitore puellas,
+       Quas Amor undarum fingeret esse deas:
+     Non tamen inculti gelidis latuere sub antris,
+       Accola Danubii qualia saevus habet;
+     Mollia non decrant vacuae solatia vitae,
+       Sive libros poscant otia, sive lyram.
+     Luxerat ilia dies, legis gens docta supernae
+       Spes hominum ac curas cum procul esse jubet,
+     Ponti inter strepitus sacri non munera cultus
+       Cessarunt; pietas hic quoque cura fuit:
+     Quid quod sacrifici versavit femina libros,
+       Legitimas faciunt pectora pura preces<a href="#note-876">[876]</a>.
+     Quo vagor ulterius? quod ubique requiritur hic est;
+       Hic secura quies, hic et honestus amor<a href="#note-877">[877]</a>.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<a name="2H_4_70"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    MONDAY, OCTOBER 18.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    We agreed to pass this day with Sir Allan, and he engaged to have every
+    thing in order for our voyage to-morrow.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Being now soon to be separated from our amiable friend young Col, his
+    merits were all remembered. At Ulva he had appeared in a new character,
+    having given us a good prescription for a cold. On my mentioning him
+    with warmth, Dr. Johnson said, 'Col does every thing for us: we will
+    erect a statue to Col.' 'Yes, said I, and we will have him with his
+    various attributes and characters, like Mercury, or any other of the
+    heathen gods. We will have him as a pilot; we will have him as a
+    fisherman, as a hunter, as a husbandman, as a physician.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I this morning took a spade, and dug a little grave in the floor of a
+    ruined chapel<a href="#note-878">[878]</a>, near Sir Allan M'Lean's house, in which I buried
+    some human bones I found there. Dr. Johnson praised me for what I had
+    done, though he owned, he could not have done it. He shewed in the
+    chapel at Rasay<a href="#note-879">[879]</a> his horrour at dead men's bones. He shewed it again
+    at Col's house. In the Charter-room there was a remarkable large
+    shin-bone, which was said to have been a bone of <i>John Garve</i><a href="#note-880">[880]</a>, one
+    of the lairds. Dr. Johnson would not look at it; but started away.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At breakfast, I asked, 'What is the reason that we are angry at a
+    trader's having opulence<a href="#note-881">[881]</a>?' JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, the reason is,
+    (though I don't undertake to prove that there is a reason,) we see no
+    qualities in trade that should entitle a man to superiority. We are not
+    angry at a soldier's getting riches, because we see that he possesses
+    qualities which we have not. If a man returns from a battle, having lost
+    one hand, and with the other full of gold, we feel that he deserves the
+    gold; but we cannot think that a fellow, by sitting all day at a desk,
+    is entitled to get above us.' BOSWELL. 'But, Sir, may we not suppose a
+    merchant to be a man of an enlarged mind, such as Addison in the
+    <i>Spectator</i> describes Sir Andrew Freeport to have been?' JOHNSON. 'Why,
+    Sir, we may suppose any fictitious character. We may suppose a
+    philosophical day-labourer, who is happy in reflecting that, by his
+    labour, he contributes to the fertility of the earth, and to the support
+    of his fellow-creatures; but we find no such philosophical day-labourer.
+    A merchant may, perhaps, be a man of an enlarged mind; but there is
+    nothing in trade connected with an enlarged mind<a href="#note-882">[882]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I mentioned that I had heard Dr. Solander say he was a Swedish
+    Laplander<a href="#note-883">[883]</a>. JOHNSON. 'Sir, I don't believe he is a Laplander. The
+    Laplanders are not much above four feet high. He is as tall as you; and
+    he has not the copper colour of a Laplander.' BOSWELL. 'But what motive
+    could he have to make himself a Laplander?' JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, he must
+    either mean the word Laplander in a very extensive sense, or may mean a
+    voluntary degradation of himself. "For all my being the great man that
+    you see me now, I was originally a Barbarian;" as if Burke should say,
+    "I came over a wild Irishman." Which he might say in his present state
+    of exaltation.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Having expressed a desire to have an island like Inchkenneth, Dr.
+    Johnson set himself to think what would be necessary for a man in such a
+    situation. 'Sir, I should build me a fortification, if I came to live
+    here; for, if you have it not, what should hinder a parcel of ruffians
+    to land in the night, and carry off every thing you have in the house,
+    which, in a remote country, would be more valuable than cows and sheep?
+    add to all this the danger of having your throat cut.' BOSWELL. 'I would
+    have a large dog.' JOHNSON. 'So you may, Sir; but a large dog is of no
+    use but to alarm.' He, however, I apprehend, thinks too lightly of the
+    power of that animal. I have heard him say, that he is afraid of no dog.
+    'He would take him up by the hinder legs, which would render him quite
+    helpless,&mdash;and then knock his head against a stone, and beat out his
+    brains.' Topham Beauclerk told me, that at his house in the country, two
+    large ferocious dogs were fighting. Dr. Johnson looked steadily at them
+    for a little while; and then, as one would separate two little boys, who
+    were foolishly hurting each other, he ran up to them, and cuffed their
+    heads till he drove them asunder<a href="#note-884">[884]</a>. But few men have his intrepidity,
+    Herculean strength, or presence of mind. Most thieves or robbers would
+    be afraid to encounter a mastiff.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I observed, that, when young Col talked of the lands belonging to his
+    family, he always said, '<i>my</i> lands<a href="#note-885">[885]</a>.' For this he had a plausible
+    pretence; for he told me, there has been a custom in this family, that
+    the laird resigns the estate to the eldest son when he comes of age,
+    reserving to himself only a certain life-rent. He said, it was a
+    voluntary custom; but I think I found an instance in the charter-room,
+    that there was such an obligation in a contract of marriage. If the
+    custom was voluntary, it was only curious; but if founded on obligation,
+    it might be dangerous; for I have been told, that in Otaheité, whenever
+    a child is born, (a son, I think,) the father loses his right to the
+    estate and honours, and that this unnatural, or rather absurd custom,
+    occasions the murder of many children.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Young Col told us he could run down a greyhound; 'for, (said he,) the
+    dog runs himself out of breath, by going too quick, and then I get up
+    with him<a href="#note-886">[886]</a>.' I accounted for his advantage over the dog, by remarking
+    that Col had the faculty of reason, and knew how to moderate his pace,
+    which the dog had not sense enough to do. Dr. Johnson said, 'He is a
+    noble animal. He is as complete an islander as the mind can figure. He
+    is a farmer, a sailor, a hunter, a fisher: he will run you down a dog:
+    if any man has a <i>tail</i><a href="#note-887">[887]</a>, it is Col. He is hospitable; and he has an
+    intrepidity of talk, whether he understands the subject or not. I regret
+    that he is not more intellectual.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson observed, that there was nothing of which he would not
+    undertake to persuade a Frenchman in a foreign country. 'I'll carry a
+    Frenchman to St. Paul's Church-yard, and I'll tell him, "by our law you
+    may walk half round the church; but, if you walk round the whole, you
+    will be punished capitally," and he will believe me at once. Now, no
+    Englishman would readily swallow such a thing: he would go and inquire
+    of somebody else<a href="#note-888">[888]</a>.' The Frenchman's credulity, I observed, must be
+    owing to his being accustomed to implicit submission; whereas every
+    Englishman reasons upon the laws of his country, and instructs his
+    representatives, who compose the legislature.  This day was passed in
+    looking at a small island adjoining Inchkenneth, which afforded nothing
+    worthy of observation; and in such social and gay entertainments as our
+    little society could furnish.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_71"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    TUESDAY, OCTOBER 19.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    After breakfast we took leave of the young ladies, and of our excellent
+    companion Col, to whom we had been so much obliged. He had now put us
+    under the care of his Chief; and was to hasten back to Sky. We parted
+    from him with very strong feelings of kindness and gratitude; and we
+    hoped to have had some future opportunity of proving to him the
+    sincerity of what we felt; but in the following year he was
+    unfortunately lost in the Sound between Ulva and Mull<a href="#note-889">[889]</a>; and this
+    imperfect memorial, joined to the high honour of being tenderly and
+    respectfully mentioned by Dr. Johnson, is the only return which the
+    uncertainty of human events has permitted us to make to this deserving
+    young man.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Sir Allan, who obligingly undertook to accompany us to Icolmkill<a href="#note-890">[890]</a>,
+    had a strong good boat, with four stout rowers. We coasted along Mull
+    till we reached <i>Gribon</i>, where is what is called Mackinnon's cave,
+    compared with which that at Ulinish<a href="#note-891">[891]</a> is inconsiderable. It is in a
+    rock of a great height, close to the sea. Upon the left of its entrance
+    there is a cascade, almost perpendicular from the top to the bottom of
+    the rock. There is a tradition that it was conducted thither
+    artificially, to supply the inhabitants of the cave with water. Dr.
+    Johnson gave no credit to this tradition. As, on the one hand, his faith
+    in the Christian religion is firmly founded upon good grounds; so, on
+    the other, he is incredulous when there is no sufficient reason for
+    belief<a href="#note-892">[892]</a>; being in this respect just the reverse of modern infidels,
+    who, however nice and scrupulous in weighing the evidences of religion,
+    are yet often so ready to believe the most absurd and improbable tales
+    of another nature, that Lord Hailes well observed, a good essay might be
+    written <i>Sur la crédulité des Incrédules</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The height of this cave I cannot tell with any tolerable exactness; but
+    it seemed to be very lofty, and to be a pretty regular arch. We
+    penetrated, by candlelight, a great way; by our measurement, no less
+    than four hundred and eighty-five feet. Tradition says, that a piper and
+    twelve men once advanced into this cave, nobody can tell how far; and
+    never returned. At the distance to which we proceeded the air was quite
+    pure; for the candle burned freely, without the least appearance of the
+    flame growing globular; but as we had only one, we thought it dangerous
+    to venture farther, lest, should it have been extinguished, we should
+    have had no means of ascertaining whether we could remain without
+    danger. Dr. Johnson said, this was the greatest natural curiosity he had
+    ever seen.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We saw the island of Staffa, at no very great distance, but could not
+    land upon it, the surge was so high on its rocky coast<a href="#note-893">[893]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Sir Allan, anxious for the honour of Mull, was still talking of its
+    <i>woods</i>, and pointing them out to Dr. Johnson, as appearing at a
+    distance on the skirts of that island, as we sailed along. JOHNSON.
+    'Sir, I saw at Tobermorie what they called a wood, which I unluckily
+    took for <i>heath</i>. If you shew me what I shall take for <i>furze</i>, it will
+    be something.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the afternoon we went ashore on the coast of Mull, and partook of a
+    cold repast, which we carried with us. We hoped to have procured some
+    rum or brandy for our boatmen and servants, from a publick-house near
+    where we landed; but unfortunately a funeral a few days before had
+    exhausted all their store<a href="#note-894">[894]</a>. Mr. Campbell, however, one of the Duke
+    of Argyle's tacksmen, who lived in the neighbourhood, on receiving a
+    message from Sir Allan, sent us a liberal supply.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We continued to coast along Mull, and passed by Nuns' Island, which, it
+    is said, belonged to the nuns of Icolmkill, and from which, we were
+    told, the stone for the buildings there was taken. As we sailed along by
+    moon-light, in a sea somewhat rough, and often between black and gloomy
+    rocks, Dr. Johnson said, 'If this be not <i>roving among the Hebrides</i>,
+    nothing is<a href="#note-895">[895]</a>. The repetition of words which he had so often
+    previously used, made a strong impression on my imagination; and, by a
+    natural course of thinking, led me to consider how our present
+    adventures would appear to me at a future period.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I have often experienced, that scenes through which a man has passed,
+    improve by lying in the memory: they grow mellow. <i>Acti labores sunt
+    jucundi</i><a href="#note-896">[896]</a>. This may be owing to comparing them with present listless
+    ease. Even harsh scenes acquire a softness by length of time<a href="#note-897">[897]</a>; and
+    some are like very loud sounds, which do not please, or at least do not
+    please so much, till you are removed to a certain distance. They may be
+    compared to strong coarse pictures, which will not bear to be viewed
+    near. Even pleasing scenes improve by time, and seem more exquisite in
+    recollection, than when they were present; if they have not faded to
+    dimness in the memory. Perhaps, there is so much evil in every human
+    enjoyment, when present,&mdash;so much dross mixed with it, that it requires
+    to be refined by time; and yet I do not see why time should not melt
+    away the good and the evil in equal proportions;&mdash;why the shade should
+    decay, and the light remain in preservation.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After a tedious sail, which, by our following various turnings of the
+    coast of Mull, was extended to about forty miles, it gave us no small
+    pleasure to perceive a light in the village at Icolmkill, in which
+    almost all the inhabitants of the island live, close to where the
+    ancient building stood. As we approached the shore, the tower of the
+    cathedral, just discernible in the air, was a picturesque object.
+</p>
+<p>
+    When we had landed upon the sacred place, which, as long as I can
+    remember, I had thought on with veneration, Dr. Johnson and I cordially
+    embraced. We had long talked of visiting Icolmkill; and, from the
+    lateness of the season, were at times very doubtful whether we should be
+    able to effect our purpose. To have seen it, even alone, would have
+    given me great satisfaction; but the venerable scene was rendered much
+    more pleasing by the company of my great and pious friend, who was no
+    less affected by it than I was; and who has described the impressions it
+    should make on the mind, with such strength of thought, and energy of
+    language, that I shall quote his words, as conveying my own sensations
+    much more forcibly than I am capable of doing:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'We were now treading that illustrious Island, which was once the
+    luminary of the Caledonian regions, whence savage clans and roving
+    barbarians derived the benefits of knowledge, and the blessings of
+    religion. To abstract the mind from all local emotion would be
+    impossible, if it were endeavoured, and would be foolish if it were
+    possible. Whatever withdraws us from the power of our senses, whatever
+    makes the past, the distant, or the future, predominate over the
+    present, advances us in the dignity of thinking beings. Far from me, and
+    from my friends, be such frigid philosophy as may conduct us indifferent
+    and unmoved over any ground which has been dignified by wisdom, bravery,
+    or virtue. That man is little to be envied, whose patriotism would not
+    gain force upon the plain of <i>Marathon</i>, or whose piety would not grow
+    warmer among the ruins of <i>Iona</i><a href="#note-898">[898]</a>!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Upon hearing that Sir Allan M'Lean was arrived, the inhabitants, who
+    still consider themselves as the people of M'Lean, to whom the island
+    formerly belonged, though the Duke of Argyle has at present possession
+    of it, ran eagerly to him.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We were accommodated this night in a large barn, the island, affording
+    no lodging that we should have liked so well. Some good hay was strewed
+    at one end of it, to form a bed for us, upon which we lay with our
+    clothes on; and we were furnished with blankets from the village<a href="#note-899">[899]</a>.
+    Each of us had a portmanteau for a pillow. When I awaked in the morning,
+    and looked round me, I could not help smiling at the idea of the chief
+    of the M'Leans, the great English Moralist, and myself, lying thus
+    extended in such a situation.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_72"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 20.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Early in the morning we surveyed the remains of antiquity at this place,
+    accompanied by an illiterate fellow, as <i>Cicerone</i>, who called himself a
+    descendant of a cousin of Saint Columba, the founder of the religious
+    establishment here. As I knew that many persons had already examined
+    them, and as I saw Dr. Johnson inspecting and measuring several of the
+    ruins of which he has since given so full an account, my mind was
+    quiescent; and I resolved to stroll among them at my ease, to take no
+    trouble to investigate minutely, and only receive the general impression
+    of solemn antiquity, and the particular ideas of such objects as should
+    of themselves strike my attention.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We walked from the monastery of Nuns to the great church or cathedral,
+    as they call it, along an old broken causeway. They told us, that this
+    had been a street; and that there were good houses built on each side.
+    Dr. Johnson doubted if it was any thing more than a paved road for the
+    nuns. The convent of Monks, the great church, Oran's chapel, and four
+    other chapels, are still to be discerned. But I must own that Icolmkill
+    did not answer my expectations; for they were high, from what I had read
+    of it, and still more from what I had heard and thought of it, from my
+    earliest years. Dr. Johnson said, it came up to his expectations,
+    because he had taken his impression from an account of it subjoined to
+    Sacheverel's <i>History of the Isle of Man</i><a href="#note-900">[900]</a>, where it is said, there
+    is not much to be seen here. We were both disappointed, when we were
+    shewn what are called the monuments of the kings of Scotland, Ireland,
+    and Denmark, and of a King of France. There are only some grave-stones
+    flat on the earth, and we could see no inscriptions. How far short was
+    this of marble monuments, like those in Westminster Abbey, which I had
+    imagined here! The grave-stones of Sir Allan M'Lean's family, and of
+    that of M'Quarrie, had as good an appearance as the royal grave-stones;
+    if they were royal, we doubted.
+</p>
+<p>
+    My easiness to give credit to what I heard in the course of our Tour was
+    too great. Dr. Johnson's peculiar accuracy of investigation detected
+    much traditional fiction, and many gross mistakes. It is not to be
+    wondered at, that he was provoked by people carelessly telling him, with
+    the utmost readiness and confidence, what he found, on questioning them
+    a little more, was erroneous<a href="#note-901">[901]</a>. Of this there were innumerable
+    instances.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I left him and Sir Allan at breakfast in our barn, and stole back again
+    to the cathedral, to indulge in solitude and devout meditation<a href="#note-902">[902]</a>.
+    While contemplating the venerable ruins, I refleeted with much
+    satisfaction, that the solemn scenes of piety never lose their sanctity
+    and influence, though the cares and follies of life may prevent us from
+    visiting them, or may even make us fancy that their effects are only 'as
+    yesterday, when it is past<a href="#note-903">[903]</a>,' and never again to be perceived. I
+    hoped, that, ever after having been in this holy place, I should
+    maintain an exemplary conduct. One has a strange propensity to fix upon
+    some point of time from whence a better course of life may begin<a href="#note-904">[904]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Being desirous to visit the opposite shore of the island, where Saint
+    Columba is said to have landed, I procured a horse from one
+    M'Ginnis<a href="#note-905">[905]</a>, who ran along as my guide. The M'Ginnises are said to be
+    a branch of the clan of M'Lean. Sir Allan had been told that this man
+    had refused to send him some rum, at which the knight was in great
+    indignation. 'You rascal! (said he,) don't you know that I can hang you,
+    if I please?' Not adverting to the Chieftain's power over his clan, I
+    imagined that Sir Allan had known of some capital crime that the fellow
+    had committed, which he could discover, and so get him condemned; and
+    said, 'How so?' 'Why, (said Sir Allan,) are they not all my people?'
+    Sensible of my inadvertency, and most willing to contribute what I could
+    towards the continuation of feudal authority, 'Very true,' said I. Sir
+    Allan went on: 'Refuse to send rum to me, you rascal! Don't you know
+    that, if I order you to go and cut a man's throat, you are to do it?'
+    'Yes, an't please your honour! and my own too, and hang myself too.' The
+    poor fellow denied that he had refused to send the rum. His making these
+    professions was not merely a pretence in presence of his Chief; for
+    after he and I were out of Sir Allan's hearing, he told me, 'Had he sent
+    his dog for the rum, I would have given it: I would cut my bones for
+    him.' It was very remarkable to find such an attachment to a Chief,
+    though he had then no connection with the island, and had not been there
+    for fourteen years. Sir Allan, by way of upbraiding the fellow, said, 'I
+    believe you are a <i>Campbell</i>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    The place which I went to see is about two miles from the village. They
+    call it <i>Portawherry</i>, from the wherry in which Columba came; though,
+    when they shew the length of his vessel, as marked on the beach by two
+    heaps of stones, they say, 'Here is the length of the <i>Currach</i>', using
+    the Erse word.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Icolmkill is a fertile island. The inhabitants export some cattle and
+    grain; and I was told, they import nothing but iron and salt. They are
+    industrious, and make their own woollen and linen cloth; and they brew a
+    good deal of beer, which we did not find in any of the other
+    islands<a href="#note-906">[906]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We set sail again about mid-day, and in the evening landed on Mull, near
+    the house of the Reverend Mr. Neal M'Leod, who having been informed of
+    our coming, by a message from Sir Allan, came out to meet us. We were
+    this night very agreeably entertained at his house. Dr. Johnson observed
+    to me, that he was the cleanest-headed man that he had met with in the
+    Western islands. He seemed to be well acquainted with Dr. Johnson's
+    writings, and courteously said, 'I have been often obliged to you,
+    though I never had the pleasure of seeing you before.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He told us, he had lived for some time in St. Kilda, under the tuition
+    of the minister or catechist there, and had there first read Horace and
+    Virgil. The scenes which they describe must have been a strong contrast
+    to the dreary waste around him.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_73"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THURSDAY, OCTOBER 21.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    This morning the subject of politicks was introduced. JOHNSON. 'Pulteney
+    was as paltry a fellow as could be<a href="#note-907">[907]</a>. He was a Whig, who pretended to
+    be honest; and you know it is ridiculous for a Whig to pretend to be
+    honest. He cannot hold it out<a href="#note-908">[908]</a>.' He called Mr. Pitt a meteor; Sir
+    Robert Walpole a fixed star<a href="#note-909">[909]</a>. He said, 'It is wonderful to think
+    that all the force of government was required to prevent Wilkes from
+    being chosen the chief magistrate of London<a href="#note-910">[910]</a>, though the liverymen
+    knew he would rob their shops,&mdash;knew he would debauch their
+    daughters<a href="#note-911">[911]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    BOSWELL. 'The History of England is so strange, that, if it were not so
+    well vouched as it is, it would hardly be credible.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    JOHNSON. 'Sir, if it were told as shortly, and with as little
+    preparation for introducing the different events, as the History of the
+    Jewish Kings, it would be equally liable to objections of
+    improbability.' Mr. M'Leod was much pleased with the justice and novelty
+    of the thought. Dr. Johnson illustrated what he had said, as follows:
+    'Take, as an instance, Charles the First's concessions to his
+    parliament, which were greater and greater, in proportion as the
+    parliament grew more insolent, and less deserving of trust. Had these
+    concessions been related nakedly, without any detail of the
+    circumstances which generally led to them, they would not have been
+    believed.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Sir Allan M'Lean bragged, that Scotland had the advantage of England, by
+    its having more water. JOHNSON. 'Sir, we would not have your water, to
+    take the vile bogs which produce it. You have too much! A man who is
+    drowned has more water than either of us;'&mdash;and then he laughed. (But
+    this was surely robust sophistry: for the people of taste in England,
+    who have seen Scotland, own that its variety of rivers and lakes makes
+    it naturally more beautiful than England, in that respect.) Pursuing his
+    victory over Sir Allan, he proceeded: 'Your country consists of two
+    things, stone and water. There is, indeed, a little earth above the
+    stone in some places, but a very little; and the stone is always
+    appearing. It is like a man in rags; the naked skin is still
+    peeping out.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He took leave of Mr. M'Leod, saying, 'Sir, I thank you for your
+    entertainment, and your conversation.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Campbell, who had been so polite yesterday, came this morning on
+    purpose to breakfast with us, and very obligingly furnished us with
+    horses to proceed on our journey to Mr. M'Lean's of <i>Lochbuy</i>, where we
+    were to pass the night. We dined at the house of Dr. Alexander M'Lean,
+    another physician in Mull, who was so much struck with the uncommon
+    conversation of Dr. Johnson, that he observed to me, 'This man is just a
+    <i>hogshead</i> of sense.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson said of the <i>Turkish Spy</i><a href="#note-912">[912]</a>, which lay in the room, that
+    it told nothing but what every body might have known at that time; and
+    that what was good in it, did not pay you for the trouble of reading
+    to find it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After a very tedious ride, through what appeared to me the most gloomy
+    and desolate country I had ever beheld<a href="#note-913">[913]</a>, we arrived, between seven
+    and eight o'clock, at May, the seat of the Laird of <i>Lochbuy</i>. <i>Buy</i>, in
+    Erse, signifies yellow, and I at first imagined that the loch or branch
+    of the sea here, was thus denominated, in the same manner as the <i>Red
+    Sea</i>; but I afterwards learned that it derived its name from a hill
+    above it, which being of a yellowish hue has the epithet of <i>Buy</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We had heard much of Lochbuy's being a great roaring braggadocio, a kind
+    of Sir John Falstaff, both in size and manners; but we found that they
+    had swelled him up to a fictitious size, and clothed him with imaginary
+    qualities. Col's idea of him was equally extravagant, though very
+    different: he told us he was quite a Don Quixote; and said, he would
+    give a great deal to sec him and Dr. Johnson together. The truth is,
+    that Lochbuy proved to be only a bluff, comely, noisy old gentleman,
+    proud of his hereditary consequence, and a very hearty and hospitable
+    landlord. Lady Lochbuy was sister to Sir Allan M'Lean, but much older.
+    He said to me, 'They are quite <i>Antediluvians</i>.' Being told that Dr.
+    Johnson did not hear well, Lochbuy bawled out to him, 'Are you of the
+    Johnstons of Glencro, or of Ardnamurchan<a href="#note-914">[914]</a>?' Dr. Johnson gave him a
+    significant look, but made no answer; and I told Lochbuy that he was not
+    Johns<i>ton</i>, but John<i>son</i>, and that he was an Englishman<a href="#note-915">[915]</a>.  Lochbuy
+    some years ago tried to prove himself a weak man, liable to imposition,
+    or, as we term it in Scotland, a <i>facile</i> man, in order to set aside a
+    lease which he had granted; but failed in the attempt. On my mentioning
+    this circumstance to Dr. Johnson, he seemed much surprized that such a
+    suit was admitted by the Scottish law, and observed, that 'In England no
+    man is allowed to <i>stultify</i> himself<a href="#note-916">[916]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Sir Allan, Lochbuy, and I, had the conversation chiefly to ourselves
+    to-night: Dr. Johnson, being extremely weary, went to bed soon
+    after supper.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_74"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    FRIDAY, OCTOBER 22.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Before Dr. Johnson came to breakfast, Lady Lochbuy said, 'he was a
+    <i>dungeon</i> of wit;' a very common phrase in Scotland to express a
+    profoundness of intellect, though he afterwards told me, that he never
+    had heard it. She proposed that he should have some cold sheep's-head
+    for breakfast. Sir Allan seemed displeased at his sister's vulgarity,
+    and wondered how such a thought should come into her head. From a
+    mischievous love of sport, I took the lady's part; and very gravely
+    said, 'I think it is but fair to give him an offer of it. If he does not
+    choose it, he may let it alone.' 'I think so,' said the lady, looking at
+    her brother with an air of victory. Sir Allan, finding the matter
+    desperate, strutted about the room, and took snuff. When Dr. Johnson
+    came in, she called to him, 'Do you choose any cold sheep's-head, Sir?'
+    'No, MADAM,' said he, with a tone of surprise and anger<a href="#note-917">[917]</a>. 'It is
+    here, Sir,' said she, supposing he had refused it to save the trouble of
+    bringing it in. They thus went on at cross purposes, till he confirmed
+    his refusal in a manner not to be misunderstood; while I sat quietly by,
+    and enjoyed my success.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After breakfast, we surveyed the old castle, in the pit or dungeon of
+    which Lochbuy had some years before taken upon him to imprison several
+    persons<a href="#note-918">[918]</a>; and though he had been fined in a considerable sum by the
+    Court of Justiciary, he was so little affected by it, that while we were
+    examining the dungeon, he said to me, with a smile, 'Your father knows
+    something of this;' (alluding to my father's having sat as one of the
+    judges on his trial.) Sir Allan whispered me, that the laird could not
+    be persuaded that he had lost his heritable jurisdiction<a href="#note-919">[919]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We then set out for the ferry, by which we were to cross to the main
+    land of Argyleshire. Lochbuy and Sir Allan accompanied us. We were told
+    much of a war-saddle, on which this reputed Don Quixote used to be
+    mounted; but we did not see it, for the young laird had applied it to a
+    less noble purpose, having taken it to Falkirk fair <i>with a drove of
+    black cattle.</i> We bade adieu to Lochbuy, and to our very kind
+    conductor<a href="#note-920">[920]</a>, Sir Allan M'Lean, on the shore of Mull, and then got
+    into the ferry-boat, the bottom of which was strewed with branches of
+    trees or bushes, upon which we sat. We had a good day and a fine
+    passage, and in the evening landed at Oban, where we found a tolerable
+    inn. After having been so long confined at different times in islands,
+    from which it was always uncertain when we could get away, it was
+    comfortable to be now on the mainland, and to know that, if in health,
+    we might get to any place in Scotland or England in a certain number
+    of days.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Here we discovered from the conjectures which were formed, that the
+    people on the main land were entirely ignorant of our motions; for in a
+    Glasgow newspaper we found a paragraph, which, as it contains a just
+    and well-turned compliment to my illustrious friend, I shall
+    here insert:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'We are well assured that Dr. Johnson is confined by tempestuous weather
+    to the isle of Sky; it being unsafe to venture, in a small boat, upon
+    such a stormy surge as is very common there at this time of the year.
+    Such a philosopher, detained on an almost barren island, resembles a
+    whale left upon the strand. The latter will be welcome to every body, on
+    account of his oil, his bone, &amp;c., and the other will charm his
+    companions, and the rude inhabitants, with his superior knowledge and
+    wisdom, calm resignation, and unbounded benevolence.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_75"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SATURDAY, OCTOBER 23.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    After a good night's rest, we breakfasted at our leisure. We talked of
+    Goldsmith's <i>Traveller</i>, of which Dr. Johnson spoke highly; and, while I
+    was helping him on with his great coat, he repeated from it the
+    character of the British nation, which he did with such energy, that the
+    tear started into his eye:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Stern o'er each bosom reason holds her state,
+      With daring aims irregularly great,
+      Pride in their port, defiance in their eye,
+      I see the lords of human kind pass by,
+      Intent on high designs, a thoughtful band,
+      By forms unfashion'd, fresh from nature's hand;
+      Fierce in their native hardiness of soul,
+      True to imagin'd right, above control,
+      While ev'n the peasant boasts these rights to scan,
+      And learns to venerate himself as man.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    We could get but one bridle here, which, according to the maxim <i>detur
+    digniori</i>, was appropriated to Dr. Johnson's sheltie. I and Joseph rode
+    with halters. We crossed in a ferry-boat a pretty wide lake<a href="#note-921">[921]</a>, and on
+    the farther side of it, close by the shore, found a hut for our inn. We
+    were much wet. I changed my clothes in part, and was at pains to get
+    myself well dried. Dr. Johnson resolutely kept on all his clothes, wet
+    as they were, letting them steam before the smoky turf fire. I thought
+    him in the wrong; but his firmness was, perhaps, a species of heroism.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I remember but little of our conversation. I mentioned Shenstone's
+    saying of Pope, that he had the art of condensing sense more than any
+    body<a href="#note-922">[922]</a>. Dr. Johnson said, 'It is not true, Sir. There is more sense
+    in a line of Cowley than in a page (or a sentence, or ten lines,&mdash;I am
+    not quite certain of the very phrase) of Pope.' He maintained that
+    Archibald, Duke of Argyle<a href="#note-923">[923]</a>, was a narrow man. I wondered at this;
+    and observed, that his building so great a house at Inverary was not
+    like a narrow man. 'Sir, (said he,) when a narrow man has resolved to
+    build a house, he builds it like another man. But Archibald, Duke of
+    Argyle, was narrow in his ordinary expences, in his quotidian
+    expences.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    The distinction is very just. It is in the ordinary expences of life
+    that a man's liberality or narrowness is to be discovered. I never heard
+    the word <i>quotidian</i> in this sense, and I imagined it to be a word of
+    Dr. Johnson's own fabrication; but I have since found it in <i>Young's
+    Night Thoughts</i>, (Night fifth,)
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Death's a destroyer of quotidian prey,'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    and in my friend's <i>Dictionary</i>, supported by the authorities of Charles
+    I. and Dr. Donne.
+</p>
+<p>
+    It rained very hard as we journied on after dinner. The roar of torrents
+    from the mountains, as we passed along in the dusk, and the other
+    circumstances attending our ride in the evening, have been mentioned
+    with so much animation by Dr. Johnson, that I shall not attempt to say
+    any thing on the subject<a href="#note-924">[924]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We got at night to Inverary, where we found an excellent inn. Even here,
+    Dr. Johnson would not change his wet clothes.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The prospect of good accommodation cheered us much. We supped well; and
+    after supper, Dr. Johnson, whom I had not seen taste any fermented
+    liquor during all our travels, called for a gill of whiskey. 'Come,
+    (said he,) let me know what it is that makes a Scotchman happy<a href="#note-925">[925]</a>!' He
+    drank it all but a drop, which I begged leave to pour into my glass,
+    that I might say we had drunk whisky together. I proposed Mrs. Thrale
+    should be our toast. He would not have <i>her</i> drunk in whisky, but rather
+    'some insular lady;' so we drank one of the ladies whom we had lately
+    left. He owned to-night, that he got as good a room and bed as at an
+    English inn.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I had here the pleasure of finding a letter from home, which relieved me
+    from the anxiety I had suffered, in consequence of not having received
+    any account of my family for many weeks. I also found a letter from Mr.
+    Garrick, which was a regale<a href="#note-926">[926]</a> as agreeable as a pine-apple would be
+    in a desert<a href="#note-927">[927]</a>. He had favoured me with his correspondence for many
+    years; and when Dr. Johnson and I were at Inverness, I had written to
+    him as follows:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Inverness,
+     Sunday, 29 August, 1773.
+
+     MY DEAR SIR,
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Here I am, and Mr. Samuel Johnson actually with me. We were a night at
+    Fores, in coming to which, in the dusk of the evening, we passed over
+    the bleak and blasted heath where Macbeth met the witches<a href="#note-928">[928]</a>. Your old
+    preceptor<a href="#note-929">[929]</a> repeated, with much solemnity, the speech&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     "How far is't called to Fores?  What are these,
+      So wither'd and so wild in their attire," &amp;c.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    This day we visited the ruins of Macbeth's castle at Inverness. I have
+    had great romantick satisfaction in seeing Johnson upon the classical
+    scenes of Shakspeare in Scotland; which I really looked upon as almost
+    as improbable as that "Birnam wood should come to Dunsinane<a href="#note-930">[930]</a>."
+    Indeed, as I have always been accustomed to view him as a permanent
+    London object, it would not be much more wonderful to me to see St.
+    Paul's Church moving along where we now are. As yet we have travelled
+    in post-chaises; but to-morrow we are to mount on horseback, and ascend
+    into the mountains by Fort Augustus, and so on to the ferry, where we
+    are to cross to Sky. We shall see that island fully, and then visit some
+    more of the Hebrides; after which we are to land in Argyleshire, proceed
+    by Glasgow to Auchinleck, repose there a competent time, and then return
+    to Edinburgh, from whence the Rambler will depart for old England again,
+    as soon as he finds it convenient. Hitherto we have had a very
+    prosperous expedition. I flatter myself, <i>servetur ad imum, qualis ab
+    incepto processerit</i><a href="#note-931">[931]</a>. He is in excellent spirits, and I have a rich
+    journal of his conversation. Look back, Davy<a href="#note-932">[932]</a>, to Litchfield,&mdash;run
+    up through the time that has elapsed since you first knew Mr.
+    Johnson,&mdash;and enjoy with me his present extraordinary Tour. I could not
+    resist the impulse of writing to you from this place. The situation of
+    the old castle corresponds exactly to Shakspeare's description. While we
+    were there to-day<a href="#note-933">[933]</a>, it happened oddly, that a raven perched upon one
+    of the chimney-tops, and croaked. Then I in my turn repeated&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     "The raven himself is hoarse,
+      That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan,
+      Under my battlements."
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    'I wish you had been with us. Think what enthusiastick happiness I shall
+    have to see Mr. Samuel Johnson walking among the romantick rocks and
+    woods of my ancestors at Auchinleck<a href="#note-934">[934]</a>! Write to me at Edinburgh. You
+    owe me his verses on great George and tuneful Cibber, and the bad verses
+    which led him to make his fine ones on Philips the musician<a href="#note-935">[935]</a>. Keep
+    your promise, and let me have them. I offer my very best compliments to
+    Mrs. Garrick, and ever am,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Your warm admirer and friend,
+
+     'JAMES BOSWELL.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    '<i>To David Garrick, Esq., London.</i>'
+</p>
+<p>
+    His answer was as follows:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Hampton, September 14, 1773.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<center>
+    'DEAR SIR,
+</center>
+<p>
+    'You stole away from London, and left us all in the lurch; for we
+    expected you one night at the club, and knew nothing of your departure.
+    Had I payed you what I owed you, for the book you bought for me, I
+    should only have grieved for the loss of your company, and slept with a
+    quiet conscience; but, wounded as it is, it must remain so till I see
+    you again, though I am sure our good friend Mr. Johnson will discharge
+    the debt for me, if you will let him. Your account of your journey to
+    <i>Fores</i>, the <i>raven</i>, <i>old castle</i>, &amp;c., &amp;c., made me half mad. Are you
+    not rather too late in the year for fine weather, which is the life and
+    soul of seeing places? I hope your pleasure will continue <i>qualis ab
+    incepto</i>, &amp;c.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Your friend<a href="#note-936">[936]</a> &mdash;&mdash;&mdash; threatens me much. I only wish that he would
+    put his threats in execution, and, if he prints his play, I will forgive
+    him. I remember he complained to you, that his bookseller called for the
+    money for some copies of his &mdash;&mdash;&mdash;, which I subscribed for, and that I
+    desired him to call again. The truth is, that my wife was not at
+    home<a href="#note-937">[937]</a>, and that for weeks together I have not ten shillings in my
+    pocket.&mdash;However, had it been otherwise, it was not so great a crime to
+    draw his poetical vengeance upon me. I despise all that he can do, and
+    am glad that I can so easily get rid of him and his ingratitude. I am
+    hardened both to abuse and ingratitude.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'You, I am sure, will no more recommend your poetasters to my civility
+    and good offices.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Shall I recommend to you a play of Eschylus, (the Prometheus,)
+    published and translated by poor old Morell, who is a good scholar<a href="#note-938">[938]</a>,
+    and an acquaintance of mine? It will be but half a guinea, and your name
+    shall be put in the list I am making for him. You will be in very
+    good company.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Now for the Epitaphs!
+</p>
+<p>
+    [<i>These, together with the verses on George the Second, and Colley
+    Cibber, as his Poet Laureat, of which imperfect copies are gone about,
+    will appear in my Life of Dr. Johnson<a href="#note-939">[939]</a>.</i>]
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I have no more paper, or I should have said more to you. My love<a href="#note-940">[940]</a>
+    and respects to Mr. Johnson.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Yours ever,
+</p>
+<center>
+    'D. GARRICK.'
+</center>
+<p>
+    'I can't write. I have the gout in my hand.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    '<i>To James Boswell, Esq., Edinburgh.</i>'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_76"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SUNDAY, OCTOBER 24.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    We passed the forenoon calmly and placidly. I prevailed on Dr. Johnson
+    to read aloud Ogden's sixth sermon on Prayer, which he did with a
+    distinct expression, and pleasing solemnity. He praised my favourite
+    preacher, his elegant language, and remarkable acuteness; and said, he
+    fought infidels with their own weapons.
+</p>
+<p>
+    As a specimen of Ogden's manner, I insert the following passage from the
+    sermon which Dr. Johnson now read. The preacher, after arguing against
+    that vain philosophy which maintains, in conformity with the hard
+    principle of eternal necessity, or unchangeable predetermination, that
+    the only effect of prayer for others, although we are exhorted to pray
+    for them, is to produce good dispositions in ourselves towards them;
+    thus expresses himself:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'A plain man may be apt to ask, But if this then, though enjoined in the
+    holy scriptures, is to be my real aim and intention, when I am taught to
+    pray for other persons, why is it that I do not plainly so express it?
+    Why is not the form of the petition brought nearer to the meaning? Give
+    them, say I to our heavenly father, what is good. But this, I am to
+    understand, will be as it will be, and is not for me to alter. What is
+    it then that I am doing? I am desiring to become charitable myself; and
+    why may I not plainly say so? Is there shame in it, or impiety? The wish
+    is laudable: why should I form designs to hide it?
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Or is it, perhaps, better to be brought about by indirect means, and in
+    this artful manner? Alas! who is it that I would impose on? From whom
+    can it be, in this commerce, that I desire to hide any thing? When, as
+    my Saviour commands me, I have <i>entered into my closet, and shut my
+    door</i>, there are but two parties privy to my devotions, GOD and my own
+    heart; which of the two am I deceiving?'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He wished to have more books, and, upon inquiring if there were any in
+    the house, was told that a waiter had some, which were brought to him;
+    but I recollect none of them, except Hervey's <i>Meditations</i>. He thought
+    slightingly of this admired book. He treated it with ridicule, and would
+    not allow even the scene of the dying Husband and Father to be
+    pathetick<a href="#note-941">[941]</a>. I am not an impartial judge; for Hervey's <i>Meditations</i>
+    engaged my affections in my early years. He read a passage concerning
+    the moon, ludicrously, and shewed how easily he could, in the same
+    style, make reflections on that planet, the very reverse of
+    Hervey's<a href="#note-942">[942]</a>, representing her as treacherous to mankind. He did this
+    with much humour; but I have not preserved the particulars. He then
+    indulged a playful fancy, in making a <i>Meditation on a Pudding</i><a href="#note-943">[943]</a>, of
+    which I hastily wrote down, in his presence, the following note; which,
+    though imperfect, may serve to give my readers some idea of it.
+</p>
+<center>
+    MEDITATION ON A PUDDING.
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Let us seriously reflect of what a pudding is composed. It is composed
+    of flour that once waved in the golden grain, and drank the dews of the
+    morning; of milk pressed from the swelling udder by the gentle hand of
+    the beauteous milk-maid, whose beauty and innocence might have
+    recommended a worse draught; who, while she stroked the udder, indulged
+    no ambitious thoughts of wandering in palaces, formed no plans for the
+    destruction of her fellow-creatures: milk, which is drawn from the cow,
+    that useful animal, that eats the grass of the field, and supplies us
+    with that which made the greatest part of the food of mankind in the age
+    which the poets have agreed to call golden. It is made with an egg, that
+    miracle of nature, which the theoretical Burnet<a href="#note-944">[944]</a> has compared to
+    creation. An egg contains water within its beautiful smooth surface; and
+    an unformed mass, by the incubation of the parent, becomes a regular
+    animal, furnished with bones and sinews, and covered with feathers. Let
+    us consider; can there be more wanting to complete the Meditation on a
+    Pudding? If more is wanting, more may be found. It contains salt, which
+    keeps the sea from putrefaction: salt, which is made the image of
+    intellectual excellence, contributes to the formation of a pudding.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    In a Magazine I found a saying of Dr. Johnson's, something to this
+    purpose; that the happiest part of a man's life is what he passes lying
+    awake in bed in the morning. I read it to him. He said, 'I may, perhaps,
+    have said this; for nobody, at times, talks more laxly than I do<a href="#note-945">[945]</a>.'
+    I ventured to suggest to him, that this was dangerous from one of his
+    authority.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I spoke of living in the country, and upon what footing one should be
+    with neighbours. I observed that some people were afraid of being on too
+    easy a footing with them, from an apprehension that their time would not
+    be their own. He made the obvious remark, that it depended much on what
+    kind of neighbours one has, whether it was desirable to be on an easy
+    footing with them, or not. I mentioned a certain baronet, who told me,
+    he never was happy in the country, till he was not on speaking terms
+    with his neighbours, which he contrived in different ways to bring
+    about. 'Lord &mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;(said he) stuck long; but at last the fellow
+    pounded my pigs, and then I got rid of him.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir, My Lord
+    got rid of Sir John, and shewed how little he valued him, by putting his
+    pigs in the pound.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I told Dr. Johnson I was in some difficulty how to act at Inverary. I
+    had reason to think that the Duchess of Argyle disliked me, on account
+    of my zeal in the Douglas cause<a href="#note-946">[946]</a>; but the Duke of Argyle had always
+    been pleased to treat me with great civility. They were now at the
+    castle, which is a very short walk from our inn; and the question was,
+    whether I should go and pay my respects there. Dr. Johnson, to whom I
+    had stated the case, was clear that I ought; but, in his usual way, he
+    was very shy of discovering a desire to be invited there himself. Though
+    from a conviction of the benefit of subordination<a href="#note-947">[947]</a> to society, he
+    has always shewn great respect to persons of high rank, when he happened
+    to be in their company, yet his pride of character has ever made him
+    guard against any appearance of courting the great. Besides, he was
+    impatient to go to Glasgow, where he expected letters. At the same time
+    he was, I believe, secretly not unwilling to have attention paid him by
+    so great a Chieftain, and so exalted a nobleman. He insisted that I
+    should not go to the castle this day before dinner, as it would look
+    like seeking an invitation. 'But, (said I,) if the Duke invites us to
+    dine with him to-morrow, shall we accept?' 'Yes, Sir;' I think he said,
+    'to be sure.' But, he added, 'He won't ask us!' I mentioned, that I was
+    afraid my company might be disagreeable to the duchess. He treated this
+    objection with a manly disdain: '<i>That</i>, Sir, he must settle with his
+    wife.' We dined well. I went to the castle just about the time when I
+    supposed the ladies would be retired from dinner. I sent in my name;
+    and, being shewn in, found the amiable Duke sitting at the head of his
+    table with several gentlemen. I was most politely received, and gave his
+    grace some particulars of the curious journey which I had been making
+    with Dr. Johnson. When we rose from table, the Duke said to me, 'I hope
+    you and Dr. Johnson will dine with us to-morrow.' I thanked his grace;
+    but told him, my friend was in a great hurry to get back to London. The
+    Duke, with a kind complacency, said, 'He will stay one day; and I will
+    take care he shall see this place to advantage.' I said, I should be
+    sure to let him know his grace's invitation. As I was going away, the
+    Duke said, 'Mr. Boswell, won't you have some tea ?' I thought it best to
+    get over the meeting with the duchess this night; so respectfully
+    agreed. I was conducted to the drawing room by the Duke, who announced
+    my name; but the duchess, who was sitting with her daughter, Lady Betty
+    Hamilton<a href="#note-948">[948]</a>, and some other ladies, took not the least notice of me. I
+    should have been mortified at being thus coldly received by a lady of
+    whom I, with the rest of the world, have always entertained a very high
+    admiration, had I not been consoled by the obliging attention of
+    the Duke.
+</p>
+<p>
+    When I returned to the inn, I informed Dr. Johnson of the Duke of
+    Argyle's invitation, with which he was much pleased, and readily
+    accepted of it. We talked of a violent contest which was then carrying
+    on, with a view to the next general election for Ayrshire; where one of
+    the candidates, in order to undermine the old and established interest,
+    had artfully held himself out as a champion for the independency of the
+    county against aristocratick influence, and had persuaded several
+    gentlemen into a resolution to oppose every candidate who was supported
+    by peers<a href="#note-949">[949]</a>. 'Foolish fellows! (said Dr. Johnson), don't they see that
+    they are as much dependent upon the Peers one way as the other. The
+    Peers have but to <i>oppose</i> a candidate to ensure him success. It is said
+    the only way to make a pig go forward, is to pull him back by the tail.
+    These people must be treated like pigs.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_77"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    MONDAY, OCTOBER 25.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    My acquaintance, the Reverend Mr. John M'Aulay<a href="#note-950">[950]</a>, one of the
+    Ministers of Inverary, and brother to our good friend at Calder<a href="#note-951">[951]</a>,
+    came to us this morning, and accompanied us to the castle, where I
+    presented Dr. Johnson to the Duke of Argyle. We were shewn through the
+    house; and I never shall forget the impression made upon my fancy by
+    some of the ladies' maids tripping about in neat morning dresses. After
+    seeing for a long time little but rusticity, their lively manner, and
+    gay inviting appearance, pleased me so much, that I thought, for the
+    moment, I could have been a knight-errant for them<a href="#note-952">[952]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We then got into a low one-horse chair, ordered for us by the Duke, in
+    which we drove about the place. Dr. Johnson was much struck by the
+    grandeur and elegance of this princely seat. He thought, however, the
+    castle too low, and wished it had been a story higher. He said, 'What I
+    admire here, is the total defiance of expence.' I had a particular pride
+    in shewing him a great number of fine old trees, to compensate for the
+    nakedness which had made such an impression on him on the eastern coast
+    of Scotland.
+</p>
+<p>
+    When we came in, before dinner, we found the duke and some gentlemen in
+    the hall. Dr. Johnson took much notice of the large collection of arms,
+    which are excellently disposed there. I told what he had said to Sir
+    Alexander M'Donald, of his ancestors not suffering their arms to
+    rust<a href="#note-953">[953]</a>. 'Well, (said the doctor,) but let us be glad we live in times
+    when arms <i>may</i> rust. We can sit to-day at his grace's table, without
+    any risk of being attacked, and perhaps sitting down again wounded or
+    maimed.' The duke placed Dr. Johnson next himself at table. I was in
+    fine spirits; and though sensible that I had the misfortune of not being
+    in favour with the duchess, I was not in the least disconcerted, and
+    offered her grace some of the dish that was before me. It must be owned
+    that I was in the right to be quite unconcerned, if I could. I was the
+    Duke of Argyle's guest; and I had no reason to suppose that he adopted
+    the prejudices and resentments of the Duchess of Hamilton.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I knew it was the rule of modern high life not to drink to any body; but
+    that I might have the satisfaction for once to look the duchess in the
+    face, with a glass in my hand, I with a respectful air addressed
+    her,&mdash;'My Lady Duchess, I have the honour to drink your grace's good
+    health.' I repeated the words audibly, and with a steady countenance.
+    This was, perhaps, rather too much; but some allowance must be made for
+    human feelings.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The duchess was very attentive to Dr. Johnson. I know not how a <i>middle
+    state<a href="#note-954">[954]</a></i> came to be mentioned. Her grace wished to hear him on that
+    point. 'Madam, (said he,) your own relation, Mr. Archibald Campbell, can
+    tell you better about it than I can. He was a bishop of the nonjuring
+    communion, and wrote a book upon the subject<a href="#note-955">[955]</a>.' He engaged to get it
+    for her grace. He afterwards gave a full history of Mr. Archibald
+    Campbell, which I am sorry I do not recollect particularly. He said, Mr.
+    Campbell had been bred a violent Whig, but afterwards 'kept better
+    company, and became a Tory.' He said this with a smile, in pleasant
+    allusion, as I thought, to the opposition between his own political
+    principles and those of the duke's clan. He added that Mr. Campbell,
+    after the revolution, was thrown into gaol on account of his tenets;
+    but, on application by letter to the old Lord Townshend<a href="#note-956">[956]</a>, was
+    released; that he always spoke of his Lordship with great gratitude,
+    saying, 'though a <i>Whig</i>, he had humanity.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson and I passed some time together, in June 1784<a href="#note-957">[957]</a>, at
+    Pembroke College, Oxford, with the Reverend Dr. Adams, the master; and I
+    having expressed a regret that my note relative to Mr. Archibald
+    Campbell was imperfect, he was then so good as to write with his own
+    hand, on the blank page of my <i>Journal</i>, opposite to that which contains
+    what I have now mentioned, the following paragraph; which, however, is
+    not quite so full as the narrative he gave at Inverary:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    '<i>The Honourable</i> ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL <i>was, I believe, the Nephew<a href="#note-958">[958]</a> of
+    the Marquis of Argyle. He began life by engaging in Monmouth's
+    rebellion, and, to escape the law, lived some time in Surinam. When he
+    returned, he became zealous for episcopacy and monarchy; and at the
+    Revolution adhered not only to the Nonjurors, but to those who refused
+    to communicate with the Church of England, or to be present at any
+    worship where the usurper was mentioned as king. He was, I believe, more
+    than once apprehended in the reign of King William, and once at the
+    accession of George. He was the familiar friend of Hicks<a href="#note-959">[959]</a> and
+    Nelson<a href="#note-960">[960]</a>; a man of letters, but injudicious; and very curious and
+    inquisitive, but credulous. He lived<a href="#note-961">[961]</a> in 1743, or 44, about 75 years
+    old.'</i>  The subject of luxury having been introduced, Dr. Johnson
+    defended it. 'We have now (said he) a splendid dinner before us; which
+    of all these dishes is unwholesome?' The duke asserted, that he had
+    observed the grandees of Spain diminished in their size by luxury. Dr.
+    Johnson politely refrained from opposing directly an observation which
+    the duke himself had made; but said, 'Man must be very different from
+    other animals, if he is diminished by good living; for the size of all
+    other animals is increased by it<a href="#note-962">[962]</a>.' I made some remark that seemed
+    to imply a belief in <i>second sight</i>. The duchess said, 'I fancy you will
+    be a <i>Methodist</i>.' This was the only sentence her grace deigned to utter
+    to me; and I take it for granted, she thought it a good hit on my
+    <i>credulity</i> in the Douglas cause.
+</p>
+<p>
+    A gentleman in company, after dinner, was desired by the duke to go to
+    another room, for a specimen of curious marble, which his grace wished
+    to shew us. He brought a wrong piece, upon which the duke sent him back
+    again. He could not refuse; but, to avoid any appearance of servility,
+    he whistled as he walked out of the room, to shew his independency. On
+    my mentioning this afterwards to Dr. Johnson, he said, it was a nice
+    trait of character.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson talked a great deal, and was so entertaining, that Lady
+    Betty Hamilton, after dinner, went and placed her chair close to his,
+    leaned upon the back of it, and listened eagerly. It would have made a
+    fine picture to have drawn the Sage and her at this time in their
+    several attitudes. He did not know, all the while, how much he was
+    honoured. I told him afterwards. I never saw him so gentle and
+    complaisant as this day.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We went to tea. The duke and I walked up and down the drawing-room,
+    conversing. The duchess still continued to shew the same marked coldness
+    for me; for which, though I suffered from it, I made every allowance,
+    considering the very warm part that I had taken for Douglas, in the
+    cause in which she thought her son deeply interested. Had not her grace
+    discovered some displeasure towards me, I should have suspected her of
+    insensibility or dissimulation.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Her grace made Dr. Johnson come and sit by her, and asked him why he
+    made his journey so late in the year. 'Why, madam, (said he,) you know
+    Mr. Boswell must attend the Court of Session, and it does not rise till
+    the twelfth of August.' She said, with some sharpness, 'I <i>know nothing</i>
+    of Mr. Boswell.' Poor Lady Lucy Douglas<a href="#note-963">[963]</a>, to whom I mentioned this,
+    observed, 'She knew <i>too much</i> of Mr. Boswell.' I shall make no remark
+    on her grace's speech. I indeed felt it as rather too severe; but when I
+    recollected that my punishment was inflicted by so dignified a beauty, I
+    had that kind of consolation which a man would feel who is strangled by
+    a <i>silken cord</i>. Dr. Johnson was all attention to her grace. He used
+    afterwards a droll expression, upon her enjoying the three titles of
+    Hamilton, Brandon, and Argyle<a href="#note-964">[964]</a>. Borrowing an image from the Turkish
+    empire, he called her a <i>Duchess</i> with <i>three tails</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He was much pleased with our visit at the castle of Inverary. The Duke
+    of Argyle was exceedingly polite to him, and upon his complaining of the
+    shelties which he had hitherto ridden being too small for him, his grace
+    told him he should be provided with a good horse to carry him next day.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. John M'Aulay passed the evening with us at our inn. When Dr. Johnson
+    spoke of people whose principles were good, but whose practice was
+    faulty, Mr. M'Aulay said, he had no notion of people being in earnest in
+    their good professions, whose practice was not suitable to them. The
+    Doctor grew warm, and said, 'Sir, you are so grossly ignorant of human
+    nature, as not to know that a man may be very sincere in good
+    principles, without having good practice<a href="#note-965">[965]</a>!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson was unquestionably in the right; and whoever examines
+    himself candidly, will be satisfied of it, though the inconsistency
+    between principles and practice is greater in some men than in others.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I recollect very little of this night's conversation. I am sorry that
+    indolence came upon me towards the conclusion of our journey, so that I
+    did not write down what passed with the same assiduity as during the
+    greatest part of it.
+</p>
+<center>
+    TUESDAY, OCTOBER 26.
+</center>
+<p>
+    Mr. M'Aulay breakfasted with us, nothing hurt or dismayed by his last
+    night's correction. Being a man of good sense, he had a just admiration
+    of Dr. Johnson.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Either yesterday morning, or this, I communicated to Dr. Johnson, from
+    Mr. M'Aulay's information, the news that Dr. Beattie had got a pension
+    of two hundred pounds a year<a href="#note-966">[966]</a>. He sat up in his bed, clapped his
+    hands, and cried, 'O brave we<a href="#note-967">[967]</a>!'&mdash;a peculiar exclamation of his
+    when he rejoices<a href="#note-968">[968]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    As we sat over our tea, Mr. Home's tragedy of <i>Douglas</i> was mentioned. I
+    put Dr. Johnson in mind, that once, in a coffee house at Oxford, he
+    called to old Mr. Sheridan, 'How came you, Sir, to give Home a gold
+    medal for writing that foolish play?' and defied Mr. Sheridan to shew
+    ten good lines in it. He did not insist they should be together; but
+    that there were not ten good lines in the whole play<a href="#note-969">[969]</a>. He now
+    persisted in this. I endeavoured to defend that pathetick and beautiful
+    tragedy, and repeated the following passage:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     &mdash;'Sincerity,
+     Thou first of virtues! let no mortal leave
+     Thy onward path, although the earth should gape,
+     And from the gulph of hell destruction cry,
+     To take dissimulation's winding way<a href="#note-970">[970]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    JOHNSON. 'That will not do, Sir. Nothing is good but what is consistent
+    with truth or probability, which this is not. Juvenal, indeed, gives us
+    a noble picture of inflexible virtue:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     "Esto bonus miles, tutor bonus, arbiter idem
+     Integer: ambiguae si quando citabere testis,
+     Incertaeque rei, Phalaris licet imperet ut sis,
+     Falsus, et admoto dictet perjuria tauro,
+     Summum crede nefas animam praeferre pudori,
+     Et propter vitam vivendi perdere causas<a href="#note-2">[2]</a>."'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    He repeated the lines with great force and dignity; then
+    added, 'And, after this, comes Johnny Home, with his <i>earth
+    gaping</i>, and his <i>destruction crying</i>:&mdash;Pooh<a href="#note-971">[971]</a>!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    While we were lamenting the number of ruined religious buildings which
+    we had lately seen, I spoke with peculiar feeling of the miserable
+    neglect of the chapel belonging to the palace of Holyrood-house, in
+    which are deposited the remains of many of the Kings of Scotland, and
+    many of our nobility. I said, it was a disgrace to the country that it
+    was not repaired: and particularly complained that my friend Douglas,
+    the representative of a great house and proprietor of a vast estate,
+    should suffer the sacred spot where his mother lies interred, to be
+    unroofed, and exposed to all the inclemencies of the weather. Dr.
+    Johnson, who, I know not how, had formed an opinion on the Hamilton
+    side, in the Douglas cause, slily answered, 'Sir, Sir, don't be too
+    severe upon the gentleman; don't accuse him of want of filial piety!
+    Lady Jane Douglas was not <i>his</i> mother.' He roused my zeal so much that
+    I took the liberty to tell him he knew nothing of the cause: which I do
+    most seriously believe was the case<a href="#note-972">[972]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We were now 'in a country of bridles and saddles<a href="#note-973">[973]</a>,' and set out
+    fully equipped. The Duke of Argyle was obliging enough to mount Dr.
+    Johnson on a stately steed from his grace's stable. My friend was highly
+    pleased, and Joseph said, 'He now looks like a bishop.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We dined at the inn at Tarbat, and at night came to Rosedow, the
+    beautiful seat of Sir James Colquhoun, on the banks of Lochlomond, where
+    I, and any friends whom I have introduced, have ever been received with
+    kind and elegant hospitality.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_78"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 27.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    When I went into Dr. Johnson's room this morning, I observed to him how
+    wonderfully courteous he had been at Inveraray, and said, 'You were
+    quite a fine gentleman, when with the duchess.' He answered, in good
+    humour, 'Sir, I look upon myself as a very polite man:' and he was
+    right, in a proper manly sense of the word<a href="#note-974">[974]</a>. As an immediate proof
+    of it, let me observe, that he would not send back the Duke of Argyle's
+    horse without a letter of thanks, which I copied.
+</p>
+<center>
+    'TO HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF ARGYLE.
+</center>
+<center>
+    'MY LORD,
+</center>
+<p>
+    'That kindness which disposed your grace to supply me with the horse,
+    which I have now returned, will make you pleased to hear that he has
+    carried me well.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'By my diligence in the little commission with which I was honoured by
+    the duchess<a href="#note-975">[975]</a>, I will endeavour to shew how highly I value the
+    favours which I have received, and how much I desire to be thought,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'My Lord,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Your Grace's most obedient,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'And most humble servant,
+</p>
+<center>
+    'SAM. JOHNSON.'
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Rosedow, Oct. 29, 1773.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    The duke was so attentive to his respectable<a href="#note-976">[976]</a> guest, that on the
+    same day, he wrote him an answer, which was received at Auchinleck:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+    'TO DR. JOHNSON, AUCHINLECK, AYRSHIRE.
+</center>
+<p>
+    'SIR,  'I am glad to hear your journey from this place was not
+    unpleasant, in regard to your horse. I wish I could have supplied you
+    with good weather, which I am afraid you felt the want of.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'The Duchess of Argyle desires her compliments to you, and is much
+    obliged to you for remembering her commission.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I am, Sir,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Your most obedient humble servant,
+</p>
+<center>
+    'ARGYLE.'
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Inveraray, Oct. 29, 1773.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I am happy to insert every memorial of the honour done to my great
+    friend. Indeed, I was at all times desirous to preserve the letters
+    which he received from eminent persons, of which, as of all other
+    papers, he was very negligent; and I once proposed to him, that they
+    should be committed to my care, as his <i>Custos Rotulorum</i>. I wish he had
+    complied with my request, as by that means many valuable writings might
+    have been preserved, that are now lost<a href="#note-977">[977]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After breakfast, Dr. Johnson and I were furnished with a boat, and
+    sailed about upon Lochlomond, and landed on some of the islands which
+    are interspersed<a href="#note-978">[978]</a>. He was much pleased with the scene, which is so
+    well known by the accounts of various travellers, that it is unnecessary
+    for me to attempt any description of it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I recollect none of his conversation, except that, when talking of
+    dress, he said, 'Sir, were I to have any thing fine, it should be very
+    fine. Were I to wear a ring, it should not be a bauble, but a stone of
+    great value. Were I to wear a laced or embroidered waistcoat, it should
+    be very rich. I had once a very rich laced waistcoat, which I wore the
+    first night of my tragedy<a href="#note-979">[979]</a>.'  Lady Helen Colquhoun being a very
+    pious woman, the conversation, after dinner, took a religious turn. Her
+    ladyship defended the presbyterian mode of publick worship; upon which
+    Dr. Johnson delivered those excellent arguments for a form of prayer
+    which he has introduced into his <i>Journey</i><a href="#note-980">[980]</a>. I am myself fully
+    convinced that a form of prayer for publick worship is in general most
+    decent and edifying. <i>Solennia verba</i> have a kind of prescriptive
+    sanctity, and make a deeper impression on the mind than extemporaneous
+    effusions, in which, as we know not what they are to be, we cannot
+    readily acquiesce. Yet I would allow also of a certain portion of
+    extempore address, as occasion may require. This is the practice of the
+    French Protestant churches. And although the office of forming
+    supplications to the throne of Heaven is, in my mind, too great a trust
+    to be indiscriminately committed to the discretion of every minister, I
+    do not mean to deny that sincere devotion may be experienced when
+    joining in prayer with those who use no Liturgy.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We were favoured with Sir James Colquhoun's coach to convey us in the
+    evening to Cameron, the seat of Commissary Smollet<a href="#note-981">[981]</a>. Our
+    satisfaction of finding ourselves again in a comfortable carriage was
+    very great. We had a pleasing conviction of the commodiousness of
+    civilization, and heartily laughed at the ravings of those absurd
+    visionaries who have attempted to persuade us of the superior advantages
+    of a <i>state of nature</i><a href="#note-982">[982]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Smollet was a man of considerable learning, with abundance of animal
+    spirits; so that he was a very good companion for Dr. Johnson, who said
+    to me, 'We have had more solid talk here than at any place where we
+    have been.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I remember Dr. Johnson gave us this evening an able and eloquent
+    discourse on the <i>Origin of Evil</i><a href="#note-983">[983]</a>, and on the consistency of moral
+    evil with the power and goodness of GOD. He shewed us how it arose from
+    our free agency, an extinction of which would be a still greater evil
+    than any we experience. I know not that he said any thing absolutely
+    new, but he said a great deal wonderfully well; and perceiving us to be
+    delighted and satisfied, he concluded his harangue with an air of
+    benevolent triumph over an objection which has distressed many worthy
+    minds: 'This then is the answer to the question, <i>Pothen to Kakon</i>?'
+    Mrs. Smollet whispered me, that it was the best sermon she had ever
+    heard. Much do I upbraid myself for having neglected to preserve it.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_79"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THURSDAY, OCTOBER 28.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Mr. Smollet pleased Dr. Johnson, by producing a collection of
+    newspapers in the time of the Usurpation, from which it appeared that
+    all sorts of crimes were very frequent during that horrible anarchy. By
+    the side of the high road to Glasgow, at some distance from his house,
+    he had erected a pillar to the memory of his ingenious kinsman, Dr.
+    Smollet; and he consulted Dr. Johnson as to an inscription for it. Lord
+    Kames, who, though he had a great store of knowledge, with much
+    ingenuity, and uncommon activity of mind, was no profound scholar, had
+    it seems recommended an English inscription<a href="#note-984">[984]</a>. Dr. Johnson treated
+    this with great contempt, saying, 'An English inscription would be a
+    disgrace to Dr. Smollet<a href="#note-985">[985]</a>;' and, in answer to what Lord Kames had
+    urged, as to the advantage of its being in English, because it would be
+    generally understood, I observed, that all to whom Dr. Smollet's merit
+    could be an object of respect and imitation, would understand it as well
+    in Latin; and that surely it was not meant for the Highland drovers, or
+    other such people, who pass and repass that way.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We were then shewn a Latin inscription, proposed for this monument. Dr.
+    Johnson sat down with an ardent and liberal earnestness to revise it,
+    and greatly improved it by several additions and variations. I
+    unfortunately did not take a copy of it, as it originally stood; but I
+    have happily preserved every fragment of what Dr. Johnson wrote:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+    Quisquis ades, viator<a href="#note-986">[986]</a>,
+    Vel mente felix, vel studiis cultus,
+    Immorare paululum memoriae
+    TOBIAE SMOLLET, M.D.
+    Viri iis virtutibus
+    Quas in homine et cive
+    Et laudes, et imiteris,
+
+    Postquam mira&mdash;
+    Se &mdash;&mdash;
+
+    Tali tantoque viro, suo patrueli,
+
+    Hanc columnam,
+    Amoris eheu! inane monumentum,
+    In ipsis Leviniae ripis,
+    Quas primis infans vagitibus personuit,
+    Versiculisque jam fere moriturus illustravit<a href="#note-987">[987]</a>,
+    Ponendam curavit<a href="#note-988">[988]</a>.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    We had this morning a singular proof of Dr. Johnson's quick and
+    retentive memory. Hay's translation of <i>Martial</i> was lying in a window.
+    I said, I thought it was pretty well done, and shewed him a particular
+    epigram, I think, of ten, but am certain of eight, lines. He read it,
+    and tossed away the book, saying&mdash;'No, it is not pretty well.' As I
+    persisted in my opinion, he said, 'Why, Sir, the original is
+    thus,'&mdash;(and he repeated it;) 'and this man's translation is thus,'&mdash;and
+    then he repeated that also, exactly, though he had never seen it before,
+    and read it over only once, and that too, without any intention of
+    getting it by heart<a href="#note-989">[989]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Here a post-chaise, which I had ordered from Glasgow, came for us, and
+    we drove on in high spirits. We stopped at Dunbarton, and though the
+    approach to the castle there is very steep, Dr. Johnson ascended it with
+    alacrity, and surveyed all that was to be seen. During the whole of our
+    Tour he shewed uncommon spirit, could not bear to be treated like an old
+    or infirm man, and was very unwilling to accept of any assistance,
+    insomuch that, at our landing at Icolmkill, when Sir Allan M'Lean and I
+    submitted to be carried on men's shoulders from the boat to the shore,
+    as it could not be brought quite close to land, he sprang into the sea,
+    and waded vigorously out.  On our arrival at the Saracen's Head Inn, at
+    Glasgow, I was made happy by good accounts from home; and Dr. Johnson,
+    who had not received a single letter since we left Aberdeen<a href="#note-990">[990]</a>, found
+    here a great many, the perusal of which entertained him much. He enjoyed
+    in imagination the comforts which we could now command, and seemed to be
+    in high glee. I remember, he put a leg up on each side of the grate, and
+    said, with a mock solemnity, by way of soliloquy, but loud enough for me
+    to hear it, 'Here am I, an ENGLISH man, sitting by a <i>coal</i> fire.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_80"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    FRIDAY, OCTOBER 29.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    The professors<a href="#note-991">[991]</a> of the University being informed of our arrival, Dr.
+    Stevenson, Dr. Reid<a href="#note-992">[992]</a>, and Mr. Anderson breakfasted with us. Mr.
+    Anderson accompanied us while Dr. Johnson viewed this beautiful city. He
+    had told me, that one day in London, when Dr. Adam Smith was boasting of
+    it, he turned to him and said, 'Pray, Sir, have you ever seen
+    Brentford<a href="#note-993">[993]</a>?' This was surely a strong instance of his impatience,
+    and spirit of contradiction. I put him in mind of it to-day, while he
+    expressed his admiration of the elegant buildings, and whispered him,
+    'Don't you feel some remorse<a href="#note-994">[994]</a>?'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We were received in the college by a number of the professors, who
+    shewed all due respect to Dr. Johnson; and then we paid a visit to the
+    principal, Dr. Leechman<a href="#note-995">[995]</a>, at his own house, where Dr. Johnson had
+    the satisfaction of being told that his name had been gratefully
+    celebrated in one of the parochial congregations in the Highlands, as
+    the person to whose influence it was chiefly owing that the New
+    Testament was allowed to be translated into the Erse language. It seems
+    some political members of the Society in Scotland for propagating
+    Christian Knowledge had opposed this pious undertaking, as tending to
+    preserve the distinction between the Highlanders and Lowlanders. Dr.
+    Johnson wrote a long letter upon the subject to a friend, which being
+    shewn to them, made them ashamed, and afraid of being publickly exposed;
+    so they were forced to a compliance. It is now in my possession, and is,
+    perhaps, one of the best productions of his masterly pen<a href="#note-996">[996]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Professors Reid and Anderson, and the two Messieurs Foulis, the Elzevirs
+    of Glasgow, dined and drank tea with us at our inn, after which the
+    professors went away; and I, having a letter to write, left my
+    fellow-traveller with Messieurs Foulis. Though good and ingenious men,
+    they had that unsettled speculative mode of conversation which is
+    offensive to a man regularly taught at an English school and university.
+    I found that, instead of listening to the dictates of the Sage, they
+    had teazed him with questions and doubtful disputations. He came in a
+    flutter to me, and desired I might come back again, for he could not
+    bear these men. 'O ho! Sir, (said I,) you are flying to me for refuge!'
+    He never, in any situation, was at a loss for a ready repartee. He
+    answered, with a quick vivacity, 'It is of two evils choosing the
+    least.' I was delighted with this flash bursting from the cloud which
+    hung upon his mind, closed my letter directly, and joined the company.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We supped at Professor Anderson's. The general impression upon my memory
+    is, that we had not much conversation at Glasgow, where the professors,
+    like their brethren at Aberdeen<a href="#note-997">[997]</a>, did not venture to expose
+    themselves much to the battery of cannon which they knew might play upon
+    them<a href="#note-998">[998]</a>. Dr. Johnson, who was fully conscious of his own superior
+    powers, afterwards praised Principal Robertson for his caution in this
+    respect<a href="#note-999">[999]</a>. He said to me, 'Robertson, Sir, was in the right.
+    Robertson is a man of eminence, and the head of a college at Edinburgh.
+    He had a character to maintain, and did well not to risk its being
+    lessened.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_81"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SATURDAY, OCTOBER 30.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    We set out towards Ayrshire. I sent Joseph on to Loudoun, with a
+    message, that, if the Earl was at home, Dr. Johnson and I would have the
+    honour to dine with him. Joseph met us on the road, and reported that
+    the Earl '<i>jumped for joy,</i>' and said, 'I shall be very happy to see
+    them.' We were received with a most pleasing courtesy by his Lordship,
+    and by the Countess his mother, who, in her ninety-fifth year, had all
+    her faculties quite unimpaired<a href="#note-1000">[1000]</a>. This was a very cheering sight to
+    Dr. Johnson, who had an extraordinary desire for long life. Her
+    ladyship was sensible and well-informed, and had seen a great deal of
+    the world. Her lord had held several high offices, and she was sister to
+    the great Earl of Stair<a href="#note-1001">[1001]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I cannot here refrain from paying a just tribute to the character of
+    John Earl of Loudoun, who did more service to the county of Ayr in
+    general, as well as to the individuals in it, than any man we have ever
+    had. It is painful to think that he met with much ingratitude from
+    persons both in high and low rank: but such was his temper, such his
+    knowledge of 'base mankind<a href="#note-1002">[1002]</a>,' that, as if he had expected no other
+    return, his mind was never soured, and he retained his good-humour and
+    benevolence to the last. The tenderness of his heart was proved in
+    1745-6, when he had an important command in the Highlands, and behaved
+    with a generous humanity to the unfortunate. I cannot figure a more
+    honest politician; for, though his interest in our county was great, and
+    generally successful, he not only did not deceive by fallacious
+    promises, but was anxious that people should not deceive themselves by
+    too sanguine expectations. His kind and dutiful attention to his mother
+    was unremitted. At his house was true hospitality; a plain but a
+    plentiful table; and every guest, being left at perfect freedom, felt
+    himself quite easy and happy. While I live, I shall honour the memory of
+    this amiable man<a href="#note-1003">[1003]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At night, we advanced a few miles farther, to the house of Mr. Campbell
+    of Treesbank, who was married to one of my wife's sisters, and were
+    entertained very agreeably by a worthy couple.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_82"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SUNDAY, OCTOBER 31.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    We reposed here in tranquillity. Dr. Johnson was pleased to find a
+    numerous and excellent collection of books, which had mostly belonged to
+    the Reverend Mr. John Campbell, brother of our host. I was desirous to
+    have procured for my fellow-traveller, to-day, the company of Sir John
+    Cuninghame, of Caprington, whose castle was but two miles from us. He
+    was a very distinguished scholar, was long abroad, and during part of
+    the time lived much with the learned Cuninghame<a href="#note-1004">[1004]</a>, the opponent of
+    Bentley as a critick upon Horace. He wrote Latin with great elegance,
+    and, what is very remarkable, read Homer and Ariosto through every year.
+    I wrote to him to request he would come to us; but unfortunately he was
+    prevented by indisposition.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_83"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    MONDAY, NOVEMBER 1.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Though Dr. Johnson was lazy, and averse to move, I insisted that he
+    should go with me, and pay a visit to the Countess of Eglintoune, mother
+    of the late and present earl. I assured him, he would find himself amply
+    recompensed for the trouble; and he yielded to my solicitations, though
+    with some unwillingness. We were well mounted, and had not many miles to
+    ride. He talked of the attention that is necessary in order to
+    distribute our charity judiciously. 'If thoughtlessly done, we may
+    neglect the most deserving objects; and, as every man has but a certain
+    proportion to give, if it is lavished upon those who first present
+    themselves, there may be nothing left for such as have a better claim. A
+    man should first relieve those who are nearly connected with him, by
+    whatever tie; and then, if he has any thing to spare, may extend his
+    bounty to a wider circle.<a href="#note-1005">[1005]</a>'
+</p>
+<p>
+    As we passed very near the castle of Dundonald, which was one of the
+    many residences of the kings of Scotland, and in which Robert the Second
+    lived and died, Dr. Johnson wished to survey it particularly. It stands
+    on a beautiful rising ground, which is seen at a great distance on
+    several quarters, and from whence there is an extensive prospect of the
+    rich district of Cuninghame, the western sea, the isle of Arran, and a
+    part of the northern coast of Ireland. It has long been unroofed; and,
+    though of considerable size, we could not, by any power of imagination,
+    figure it as having been a suitable habitation for majesty<a href="#note-1006">[1006]</a>. Dr.
+    Johnson, to irritate my <i>old Scottish</i><a href="#note-1007">[1007]</a> enthusiasm, was very
+    jocular on the homely accommodation of 'King <i>Bob</i>,' and roared and
+    laughed till the ruins echoed.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Lady Eglintoune, though she was now in her eighty-fifth year, and had
+    lived in the retirement of the country for almost half a century, was
+    still a very agreeable woman. She was of the noble house of Kennedy, and
+    had all the elevation which the consciousness of such birth inspires.
+    Her figure was majestick, her manners high-bred, her reading extensive,
+    and her conversation elegant. She had been the admiration of the gay
+    circles of life, and the patroness of poets<a href="#note-1008">[1008]</a>. Dr. Johnson was
+    delighted with his reception here. Her principles in church and state
+    were congenial with his. She knew all his merit, and had heard much of
+    him from her son, Earl Alexander<a href="#note-1009">[1009]</a>, who loved to cultivate the
+    acquaintance of men of talents, in every department.
+</p>
+<p>
+    All who knew his lordship, will allow that his understanding and
+    accomplishments were of no ordinary rate. From the gay habits which he
+    had early acquired, he spent too much of his time with men, and in
+    pursuits far beneath such a mind as his. He afterwards became sensible
+    of it, and turned his thoughts to objects of importance; but was cut off
+    in the prime of his life. I cannot speak, but with emotions of the most
+    affectionate regret, of one, in whose company many of my early days were
+    passed, and to whose kindness I was much indebted.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Often must I have occasion to upbraid myself, that soon after our return
+    to the main land, I allowed indolence to prevail over me so much, as to
+    shrink from the labour of continuing my journal with the same minuteness
+    as before; sheltering myself in the thought, that we had done with the
+    Hebrides; and not considering, that Dr. Johnson's Memorabilia were
+    likely to be more valuable when we were restored to a more polished
+    society. Much has thus been irrecoverably lost.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the course of our conversation this day, it came out, that Lady
+    Eglintoune was married the year before Dr. Johnson was born; upon which
+    she graciously said to him, that she might have been his mother; and
+    that she now adopted him; and when we were going away, she embraced him,
+    saying, 'My dear son, farewell<a href="#note-1010">[1010]</a>!' My friend was much pleased with
+    this day's entertainment, and owned that I had done well to force
+    him out.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_84"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 2.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    We were now in a country not only '<i>of saddles and bridles</i><a href="#note-1011">[1011]</a>,' but
+    of post-chaises; and having ordered one from Kilmarnock, we got to
+    Auchinleck<a href="#note-1012">[1012]</a> before dinner.
+</p>
+<p>
+    My father was not quite a year and a half older than Dr. Johnson; but
+    his conscientious discharge of his laborious duty as a judge in
+    Scotland, where the law proceedings are almost all in writing,&mdash;a severe
+    complaint which ended in his death,&mdash;and the loss of my mother, a woman
+    of almost unexampled piety and goodness,&mdash;had before this time in some
+    degree affected his spirits<a href="#note-1013">[1013]</a>, and rendered him less disposed to
+    exert his faculties: for he had originally a very strong mind, and
+    cheerful temper. He assured me, he never had felt one moment of what is
+    called low spirits, or uneasiness, without a real cause. He had a great
+    many good stories, which he told uncommonly well, and he was remarkable
+    for 'humour, <i>incolumi gravitate</i><a href="#note-1014">[1014]</a>,' as Lord Monboddo used to
+    characterise it. His age, his office, and his character, had long given
+    him an acknowledged claim to great attention, in whatever company he
+    was; and he could ill brook any diminution of it. He was as sanguine a
+    Whig and Presbyterian, as Dr. Johnson was a Tory and Church of England
+    man: and as he had not much leisure to be informed of Dr. Johnson's
+    great merits by reading his works, he had a partial and unfavourable
+    notion of him, founded on his supposed political tenets; which were so
+    discordant to his own, that instead of speaking of him with that respect
+    to which he was entitled, he used to call him 'a <i>Jacobite fellow</i>.'
+    Knowing all this, I should not have ventured to bring them together, had
+    not my father, out of kindness to me, desired me to invite Dr. Johnson
+    to his house.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I was very anxious that all should be well; and begged of my friend to
+    avoid three topicks, as to which they differed very widely; Whiggism,
+    Presbyterianism, and&mdash;Sir John Pringle.<a href="#note-1015">[1015]</a> He said courteously, 'I
+    shall certainly not talk on subjects which I am told are disagreeable to
+    a gentleman under whose roof I am; especially, I shall not do so to
+    <i>your father</i>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Our first day went off very smoothly. It rained, and we could not get
+    out; but my father shewed Dr. Johnson his library, which in curious
+    editions of the Greek and Roman classicks, is, I suppose, not excelled
+    by any private collection in Great Britain. My father had studied at
+    Leyden, and been very intimate with the Gronovii, and other learned men
+    there. He was a sound scholar, and, in particular, had collated
+    manuscripts and different editions of <i>Anacreon</i>, and others of the
+    Greek Lyrick poets, with great care; so that my friend and he had much
+    matter for conversation, without touching on the fatal topicks of
+    difference.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson found here Baxter's <i>Anacreon</i><a href="#note-1016">[1016]</a>, which he told me he
+    had long enquired for in vain, and began to suspect there was no such
+    book. Baxter was the keen antagonist of Barnes<a href="#note-1017">[1017]</a>. His life is in
+    the <i>Biographia Britannica</i><a href="#note-1018">[1018]</a>. My father has written many notes on
+    this book, and Dr. Johnson and I talked of having it reprinted.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_85"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 3.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    It rained all day, and gave Dr. Johnson an impression of that
+    incommodiousness of climate in the west, of which he has taken notice in
+    his <i>Journey</i><a href="#note-1019">[1019]</a>; but, being well accommodated, and furnished with
+    variety of books, he was not dissatisfied.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Some gentlemen of the neighbourhood came to visit my father; but there
+    was little conversation. One of them asked Dr. Johnson how he liked the
+    Highlands. The question seemed to irritate him, for he answered, 'How,
+    Sir, can you ask me what obliges me to speak unfavourably of a country
+    where I have been hospitably entertained? Who <i>can</i> like the
+    Highlands<a href="#note-1020">[1020]</a>? I like the inhabitants very well[1021].' The gentleman
+    asked no more questions.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Let me now make up for the present neglect, by again gleaning from the
+    past. At Lord Monboddo's, after the conversation upon the decrease of
+    learning in England, his Lordship mentioned <i>Hermes</i>, by Mr. Harris of
+    Salisbury<a href="#note-1022">[1022]</a>, as the work of a living authour, for whom he had a
+    great respect. Dr. Johnson said nothing at the time; but when we were in
+    our post-chaise, he told me, he thought Harris 'a coxcomb.' This he
+    said of him, not as a man, but as an authour<a href="#note-1023">[1023]</a>; and I give his
+    opinions of men and books, faithfully, whether they agree with my own or
+    not. I do admit, that there always appeared to me something of
+    affectation in Mr. Harris's manner of writing; something of a habit of
+    clothing plain thoughts in analytick and categorical formality. But all
+    his writings are imbued with learning; and all breathe that philanthropy
+    and amiable disposition, which distinguished him as a man<a href="#note-1024">[1024]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At another time, during our Tour, he drew the character of a rapacious
+    Highland Chief<a href="#note-1025">[1025]</a> with the strength of Theophrastus or la Bruyère;
+    concluding with these words:&mdash;'Sir, he has no more the soul of a Chief,
+    than an attorney who has twenty houses in a street, and considers how
+    much he can make by them.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    He this day, when we were by ourselves, observed, how common it was for
+    people to talk from books; to retail the sentiment's of others, and not
+    their own; in short, to converse without any originality of thinking. He
+    was pleased to say, 'You and I do not talk from books<a href="#note-1026">[1026]</a>.'
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_86"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 4.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    I was glad to have at length a very fine day, on which I could shew Dr.
+    Johnson the <i>Place</i> of my family, which he has honoured with so much
+    attention in his <i>Journey</i>. He is, however, mistaken in thinking that
+    the Celtick name, <i>Auchinleck</i>, has no relation to the natural
+    appearance of it. I believe every Celtick name of a place will be found
+    very descriptive. <i>Auchinleck</i> does not signify a <i>stony field</i>, as he
+    has said, but a <i>field of flag stones</i>; and this place has a number of
+    rocks, which abound in strata of that kind. The 'sullen dignity of the
+    old castle,' as he has forcibly expressed it, delighted him
+    exceedingly.<a href="#note-1027">[1027]</a> On one side of the rock on which its ruins stand,
+    runs the river Lugar, which is here of considerable breadth, and is
+    bordered by other high rocks, shaded with wood. On the other side runs a
+    brook, skirted in the same manner, but on a smaller scale. I cannot
+    figure a more romantick scene.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I felt myself elated here, and expatiated to my illustrious Mentor on
+    the antiquity and honourable alliances of my family, and on the merits
+    of its founder, Thomas Boswell, who was highly favoured by his
+    sovereign, James IV. of Scotland, and fell with him at the battle of
+    Flodden-field<a href="#note-1028">[1028]</a>; and in the glow of what, I am sensible, will, in a
+    commercial age, be considered as genealogical enthusiasm, did not omit
+    to mention what I was sure my friend would not think lightly of, my
+    relation<a href="#note-1029">[1029]</a> to the Royal Personage, whose liberality, on his
+    accession to the throne, had given him comfort and independence<a href="#note-1030">[1030]</a>.
+    I have, in a former page<a href="#note-1031">[1031]</a>, acknowledged my pride of ancient blood,
+    in which I was encouraged by Dr. Johnson: my readers therefore will not
+    be surprised at my having indulged it on this occasion.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Not far from the old castle is a spot of consecrated earth, on which may
+    be traced the foundations of an ancient chapel, dedicated to St.
+    Vincent, and where in old times 'was the place of graves' for the
+    family. It grieves me to think that the remains of sanctity here, which
+    were considerable, were dragged away, and employed in building a part of
+    the house of Auchinleck, of the middle age; which was the family
+    residence, till my father erected that 'elegant modern mansion,' of
+    which Dr. Johnson speaks so handsomely. Perhaps this chapel may one day
+    be restored.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson was pleased when I shewed him some venerable old trees,
+    under the shade of which my ancestors had walked. He exhorted me to
+    plant assiduously<a href="#note-1032">[1032]</a>, as my father had done to a great extent.
+</p>
+<p>
+    As I wandered with my reverend friend in the groves of Auchinleck, I
+    told him, that, if I survived him, it was my intention to erect a
+    monument to him here, among scenes which, in my mind, were all
+    classical; for in my youth I had appropriated to them many of the
+    descriptions of the Roman poets. He could not bear to have death
+    presented to him in any shape; for his constitutional melancholy made
+    the king of terrours more frightful. He turned off the subject, saying,
+    'Sir, I hope to see your grand-children!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    This forenoon he observed some cattle without horns, of which he has
+    taken notice in his <i>Journey</i><a href="#note-1033">[1033]</a>, and seems undecided whether they be
+    of a particular race. His doubts appear to have had no foundation; for
+    my respectable neighbour, Mr. Fairlie, who, with all his attention to
+    agriculture, finds time both for the classicks and his friends, assures
+    me they are a distinct species, and that, when any of their calves have
+    horns, a mixture of breed can be traced. In confirmation of his opinion,
+    he pointed out to me the following passage in Tacitus,&mdash;'<i>Ne armentis
+    quidem suus honor, aut gloria frontis</i><a href="#note-1034">[1034]</a>;' (<i>De mor. Germ. § 5</i>)
+    which he wondered had escaped Dr. Johnson.
+</p>
+<p>
+    On the front of the house of Auchinleck is this inscription:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Quod petis, hic est;
+     Est Ulubris; animus si te non deficit aequus<a href="#note-1035">[1035]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    It is characteristick of the founder; but the <i>animus aequus</i> is, alas!
+    not inheritable, nor the subject of devise. He always talked to me as if
+    it were in a man's own power to attain it; but Dr. Johnson told me that
+    he owned to him, when they were alone, his persuasion that it was in a
+    great measure constitutional, or the effect of causes which do not
+    depend on ourselves, and that Horace boasts too much, when he says,
+    <i>aequum mi animum ipse parabo</i><a href="#note-1036">[1036]</a>.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_87"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 5.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    The Reverend Mr. Dun, our parish minister, who had dined with us
+    yesterday, with some other company, insisted that Dr. Johnson and I
+    should dine with him to-day. This gave me an opportunity to shew my
+    friend the road to the church, made by my father at a great expence, for
+    above three miles, on his own estate, through a range of well enclosed
+    farms, with a row of trees on each side of it. He called it the <i>Via
+    sacra</i>, and was very fond of it.<a href="#note-1037">[1037]</a>Dr. Johnson, though he held
+    notions far distant from those of the Presbyterian clergy, yet could
+    associate on good terms with them. He indeed occasionally attacked
+    them. One of them discovered a narrowness of information concerning the
+    dignitaries of the Church of England, among whom may be found men of the
+    greatest learning, virtue, and piety, and of a truly apostolic
+    character. He talked before Dr. Johnson, of fat bishops and drowsy
+    deans; and, in short, seemed to believe the illiberal and profane
+    scoffings of professed satyrists, or vulgar railers. Dr. Johnson was so
+    highly offended, that he said to him, 'Sir, you know no more of our
+    Church than a Hottentot<a href="#note-1038">[1038]</a>.' I was sorry that he brought this
+    upon himself.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_88"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 6.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    I cannot be certain, whether it was on this day, or a former, that Dr.
+    Johnson and my father came in collision. If I recollect right, the
+    contest began while my father was shewing him his collection of medals;
+    and Oliver Cromwell's coin unfortunately introduced Charles the First,
+    and Toryism. They became exceedingly warm, and violent, and I was very
+    much distressed by being present at such an altercation between two men,
+    both of whom I reverenced; yet I durst not interfere. It would certainly
+    be very unbecoming in me to exhibit my honoured father, and my respected
+    friend, as intellectual gladiators, for the entertainment of the
+    publick: and therefore I suppress what would, I dare say, make an
+    interesting scene in this dramatick sketch,&mdash;this account of the
+    transit of Johnson over the Caledonian Hemisphere<a href="#note-1039">[1039]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Yet I think I may, without impropriety, mention one circumstance, as an
+    instance of my father's address. Dr. Johnson challenged him, as he did
+    us all at Talisker<a href="#note-1040">[1040]</a>, to point out any theological works of merit
+    written by Presbyterian ministers in Scotland. My father, whose studies
+    did not lie much in that way, owned to me afterwards, that he was
+    somewhat at a loss how to answer, but that luckily he recollected having
+    read in catalogues the title of <i>Durham on the Galatians</i>; upon which he
+    boldly said, 'Pray, Sir, have you read Mr. Durham's excellent commentary
+    on the Galatians?' 'No, Sir,' said Dr. Johnson. By this lucky thought my
+    father kept him at bay, and for some time enjoyed his triumph<a href="#note-1041">[1041]</a>; but
+    his antagonist soon made a retort, which I forbear to mention.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the course of their altercation, Whiggism and Presbyterianism,
+    Toryism and Episcopacy, were terribly buffeted. My worthy hereditary
+    friend, Sir John Pringle, never having been mentioned, happily escaped
+    without a bruise.
+</p>
+<p>
+    My father's opinion of Dr. Johnson may be conjectured from the name he
+    afterwards gave him, which was URSA MAJOR<a href="#note-1042">[1042]</a>. But it is not true, as
+    has been reported, that it was in consequence of my saying that he was a
+    <i>constellation</i><a href="#note-1043">[1043]</a> of genius and literature. It was a sly abrupt
+    expression to one of his brethren on the bench of the Court of Session,
+    in which Dr. Johnson was then standing; but it was not said in
+    his hearing.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_89"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 7.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    My father and I went to publick worship in our parish-church, in which I
+    regretted that Dr. Johnson would not join us; for, though we have there
+    no form of prayer, nor magnificent solemnity, yet, as GOD is worshipped
+    in spirit and in truth, and the same doctrines preached as in the Church
+    of England, my friend would certainly have shewn more liberality, had he
+    attended. I doubt not, however, but he employed his time in private to
+    very good purpose. His uniform and fervent piety was manifested on many
+    occasions during our Tour, which I have not mentioned. His reason for
+    not joining in Presbyterian worship has been recorded in a former
+    page<a href="#note-1044">[1044]</a>.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_90"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    MONDAY, NOVEMBER 8.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Notwithstanding the altercation that had passed, my father, who had the
+    dignified courtesy of an old Baron, was very civil to Dr. Johnson, and
+    politely attended him to the post-chaise, which was to convey us to
+    Edinburgh<a href="#note-1045">[1045]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Thus they parted. They are now in another, and a higher, state of
+    existence: and as they were both worthy Christian men, I trust they have
+    met in happiness. But I must observe, in justice to my friend's
+    political principles, and my own, that they have met in a place where
+    there is no room for <i>Whiggism</i><a href="#note-1046">[1046]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We came at night to a good inn at Hamilton. I recollect no more.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_91"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 9.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    I wished to have shewn Dr. Johnson the Duke of Hamilton's house,
+    commonly called the <i>Palace</i> of Hamilton, which is close by the town. It
+    is an object which, having been pointed out to me as a splendid edifice,
+    from my earliest years, in travelling between Auchinleck and Edinburgh,
+    has still great grandeur in my imagination. My friend consented to stop,
+    and view the outside of it, but could not be persuaded to go into it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We arrived this night at Edinburgh, after an absence of eighty-three
+    days. For five weeks together, of the tempestuous season, there had been
+    no account received of us. I cannot express how happy I was on finding
+    myself again at home.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_92"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 10.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Old Mr. Drummond, the bookseller<a href="#note-1047">[1047]</a>, came to breakfast. Dr. Johnson
+    and he had not met for ten years. There was respect on his side, and
+    kindness on Dr. Johnson's. Soon afterwards Lord Elibank came in, and was
+    much pleased at seeing Dr. Johnson in Scotland. His lordship said,
+    'hardly any thing seemed to him more improbable.' Dr. Johnson had a
+    very high opinion of him. Speaking of him to me, he characterized him
+    thus: 'Lord Elibank has read a great deal. It is true, I can find in
+    books all that he has read; but he has a great deal of what is in books,
+    proved by the test of real life.' Indeed, there have been few men whose
+    conversation discovered more knowledge enlivened by fancy. He published
+    several small pieces of distinguished merit; and has left some in
+    manuscript, in particular an account of the expedition against
+    Carthagena, in which he served as an officer in the army. His writings
+    deserve to be collected. He was the early patron of Dr. Robertson, the
+    historian, and Mr. Home, the tragick poet; who, when they were ministers
+    of country parishes, lived near his seat. He told me, 'I saw these lads
+    had talents, and they were much with me.' I hope they will pay a
+    grateful tribute to his memory<a href="#note-1048">[1048]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The morning was chiefly taken up by Dr. Johnson's giving him an account
+    of our Tour. The subject of difference in political principles was
+    introduced. JOHNSON. 'It is much increased by opposition. There was a
+    violent Whig, with whom I used to contend with great eagerness. After
+    his death I felt my Toryism much abated.' I suppose he meant Mr.
+    Walmsley of Lichfield, whose character he has drawn so well in his <i>Life
+    of Edmund Smith</i><a href="#note-1049">[1049]</a>.  Mr. Nairne[1050] came in, and he and I
+    accompanied Dr. Johnson to Edinburgh Castle, which he owned was 'a great
+    place.' But I must mention, as a striking instance of that spirit of
+    contradiction to which he had a strong propensity, when Lord Elibank was
+    some days after talking of it with the natural elation of a Scotchman,
+    or of any man who is proud of a stately fortress in his own country, Dr.
+    Johnson affected to despise it, observing that 'it would make a good
+    <i>prison</i> in ENGLAND.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Lest it should be supposed that I have suppressed one of his sallies
+    against my country, it may not be improper here to correct a mistaken
+    account that has been circulated, as to his conversation this day. It
+    has been said, that being desired to attend to the noble prospect from
+    the Castle-hill, he replied, 'Sir, the noblest prospect that a Scotchman
+    ever sees, is the high road that leads him to London.' This lively
+    sarcasm was thrown out at a tavern<a href="#note-1051">[1051]</a> in London, in my presence, many
+    years before.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We had with us to-day at dinner, at my house, the Lady Dowager Colvill,
+    and Lady Anne Erskine, sisters of the Earl of Kelly<a href="#note-1052">[1052]</a>; the
+    Honourable Archibald Erskine, who has now succeeded to that title; Lord
+    Elibank; the Reverend Dr. Blair; Mr. Tytler, the acute vindicator of
+    Mary Queen of Scots<a href="#note-1053">[1053]</a>, and some other friends[1054].
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>Fingal</i> being talked of, Dr. Johnson, who used to boast that he had,
+    from the first, resisted both Ossian<a href="#note-1055">[1055]</a> and the Giants of
+    Patagonia<a href="#note-1056">[1056]</a>, averred his positive disbelief of its authenticity.
+    Lord Elibank said, 'I am sure it is not M'Pherson's. Mr. Johnson, I keep
+    company a great deal with you; it is known I do. I may borrow from you
+    better things than I can say myself, and give them as my own; but, if I
+    should, every body will know whose they are.' The Doctor was not
+    softened by this compliment. He denied merit to <i>Fingal</i>, supposing it
+    to be the production of a man who has had the advantages that the
+    present age affords; and said, 'nothing is more easy than to write
+    enough in that style if once you begin<a href="#note-1057">[1057]</a>.'[1058]One gentleman in
+    company<a href="#note-1059">[1059]</a> expressing his opinion 'that <i>Fingal</i> was certainly
+    genuine, for that he had heard a great part of it repeated in the
+    original,' Dr. Johnson indignantly asked him whether he understood the
+    original; to which an answer being given in the negative, 'Why then,
+    (said Dr. Johnson,) we see to what <i>this</i> testimony comes:&mdash;thus it is.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I mentioned this as a remarkable proof how liable the mind of man is to
+    credulity, when not guarded by such strict examination as that which Dr.
+    Johnson habitually practised.<a href="#note-1060">[1060]</a>The talents and integrity of the
+    gentleman who made the remark, are unquestionable; yet, had not Dr.
+    Johnson made him advert to the consideration, that he who does not
+    understand a language, cannot know that something which is recited to
+    him is in that language, he might have believed, and reported to this
+    hour, that he had 'heard a great part of <i>Fingal</i> repeated in the
+    original.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    For the satisfaction of those on the north of the Tweed, who may think
+    Dr. Johnson's account of Caledonian credulity and inaccuracy too
+    strong,<a href="#note-1061">[1061]</a> it is but fair to add, that he admitted the same kind of
+    ready belief might be found in his own country. 'He would undertake, (he
+    said) to write an epick poem on the story of <i>Robin Hood</i>,<a href="#note-1062">[1062]</a> and
+    half England, to whom the names and places he should mention in it are
+    familiar, would believe and declare they had heard it from their
+    earliest years.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    One of his objections to the authenticity of <i>Fingal</i>, during the
+    conversation at Ulinish,<a href="#note-1063">[1063]</a> is omitted in my <i>Journal</i>, but I
+    perfectly recollect it. 'Why is not the original deposited in some
+    publick library, instead of exhibiting attestations of its
+    existence?<a href="#note-1064">[1064]</a> Suppose there were a question in a court of justice,
+    whether a man be dead or alive: You aver he is alive, and you bring
+    fifty witnesses to swear it: I answer, "Why do you not produce the
+    man?"' This is an argument founded upon one of the first principles of
+    the <i>law of evidence</i>, which <i>Gilbert</i><a href="#note-1065">[1065]</a> would have held to be
+    irrefragable.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I do not think it incumbent on me to give any precise decided opinion
+    upon this question, as to which I believe more than some, and less than
+    others.<a href="#note-1066">[1066]</a>
+</p>
+<p>
+    The subject appears to have now become very uninteresting to the
+    publick. That <i>Fingal</i> is not from beginning to end a translation from
+    the Gallick, but that <i>some</i> passages have been supplied by the editor
+    to connect the whole, I have heard admitted by very warm advocates for
+    its authenticity. If this be the case, why are not these distinctly
+    ascertained? Antiquaries, and admirers of the work, may complain, that
+    they are in a situation similar to that of the unhappy gentleman, whose
+    wife informed him, on her death-bed, that one of their reputed children
+    was not his; and, when he eagerly begged her to declare which of them it
+    was, she answered, '<i>That</i> you shall never know;' and expired, leaving
+    him in irremediable doubt as to them all.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I beg leave now to say something upon <i>second sight</i>, of which I have
+    related two instances,<a href="#note-1067">[1067]</a> as they impressed my mind at the time. I
+    own, I returned from the Hebrides with a considerable degree of faith in
+    the many stories of that kind which I heard with a too easy
+    acquiescence, without any close examination of the evidence: but, since
+    that time, my belief in those stories has been much weakened,<a href="#note-1068">[1068]</a> by
+    reflecting on the careless inaccuracy of narrative in common matters,
+    from which we may certainly conclude that there may be the same in what
+    is more extraordinary. It is but just, however, to add, that the belief
+    in second sight is not peculiar to the Highlands and Isles.<a href="#note-1069">[1069]</a>
+</p>
+<p>
+    Some years after our Tour, a cause<a href="#note-1070">[1070]</a> was tried in the Court of
+    Session, where the principal fact to be ascertained was, whether a
+    ship-master, who used to frequent the Western Highlands and Isles, was
+    drowned in one particular year, or in the year after. A great number of
+    witnesses from those parts were examined on each side, and swore
+    directly contrary to each other, upon this simple question. One of them,
+    a very respectable Chieftain, who told me a story of second sight, which
+    I have not mentioned, but which I too implicitly believed, had in this
+    case, previous to this publick examination, not only said, but attested
+    under his hand, that he had seen the ship-master in the year subsequent
+    to that in which the court was finally satisfied he was drowned. When
+    interrogated with the strictness of judicial inquiry, and under the awe
+    of an oath, he recollected himself better, and retracted what he had
+    formerly asserted, apologising for his inaccuracy, by telling the
+    judges, 'A man will <i>say</i> what he will not <i>swear</i>.' By many he was much
+    censured, and it was maintained that every gentleman would be as
+    attentive to truth without the sanction of an oath, as with it. Dr.
+    Johnson, though he himself was distinguished at all times by a
+    scrupulous adherence to truth, controverted this proposition; and as a
+    proof that this was not, though it ought to be, the case, urged the very
+    different decisions of elections under Mr. Grenville's Act,<a href="#note-1071">[1071]</a> from
+    those formerly made. 'Gentlemen will not pronounce upon oath what they
+    would have said, and voted in the house, without that sanction.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    However difficult it may be for men who believe in preternatural
+    communications, in modern times, to satisfy those who are of a different
+    opinion, they may easily refute the doctrine of their opponents, who
+    impute a belief in <i>second sight</i> to <i>superstition</i>. To entertain a
+    visionary notion that one sees a distant or future event, may be called
+    <i>superstition</i>: but the correspondence of the fact or event with such an
+    impression on the fancy, though certainly very wonderful, <i>if proved</i>,
+    has no more connection with superstition, than magnetism or electricity.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After dinner, various topicks were discussed; but I recollect only one
+    particular. Dr. Johnson compared the different talents of Garrick and
+    Foote,<a href="#note-1072">[1072]</a> as companions, and gave Garrick greatly the preference for
+    elegance, though he allowed Foote extraordinary powers of entertainment.
+    He said, 'Garrick is restrained by some principle; but Foote has the
+    advantage of an unlimited range. Garrick has some delicacy of feeling;
+    it is possible to put him out; you may get the better of him; but Foote
+    is the most incompressible fellow that I ever knew; when you have driven
+    him into a corner, and think you are sure of him, he runs through
+    between your legs, or jumps over your head, and makes his escape.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Erskine<a href="#note-1073">[1073]</a> and Mr. Robert Walker, two very respectable ministers
+    of Edinburgh, supped with us, as did the Reverend Dr. Webster.<a href="#note-1074">[1074]</a> The
+    conversation turned on the Moravian missions, and on the Methodists. Dr.
+    Johnson observed in general, that missionaries were too sanguine in
+    their accounts of their success among savages, and that much of what
+    they tell is not to be believed. He owned that the Methodists had done
+    good; had spread religious impressions among the vulgar part of
+    mankind:<a href="#note-1075">[1075]</a> but, he said, they had great bitterness against other
+    Christians, and that he never could get a Methodist to explain in what
+    he excelled others; that it always ended in the indispensible necessity
+    of hearing one of their preachers.<a href="#note-1076">[1076]</a>
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_93"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 11.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    Principal Robertson came to us as we sat at breakfast, he advanced to
+    Dr. Johnson, repeating a line of Virgil, which I forget. I
+    suppose, either
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Post varios casus, per tot discrimina rerum<a href="#note-1077">[1077]</a>&mdash;
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    or
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     &mdash;multum ille et terris jactatus, et alto<a href="#note-1078">[1078]</a>.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Every body had accosted us with some studied compliment on our return.
+    Dr. Johnson said, 'I am really ashamed of the congratulations which we
+    receive. We are addressed as if we had made a voyage to Nova Zembla, and
+    suffered five persecutions in Japan<a href="#note-1079">[1079]</a>.' And he afterwards remarked,
+    that, 'to see a man come up with a formal air and a Latin line, when we
+    had no fatigue and no danger, was provoking<a href="#note-1080">[1080]</a>.' I told him, he was
+    not sensible of the danger, having lain under cover in the boat during
+    the storm<a href="#note-1081">[1081]</a>: he was like the chicken, that hides its head under its
+    wing, and then thinks itself safe.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Lord Elibank came to us, as did Sir William Forbes. The rash attempt in
+    1745 being mentioned, I observed, that it would make a fine piece of
+    History. Dr. Johnson said it would.<a href="#note-1082">[1082]</a> Lord Elibank doubted whether
+    any man of this age could give it impartially. JOHNSON. 'A man, by
+    talking with those of different sides, who were actors in it, and
+    putting down all that he hears, may in time collect the materials of a
+    good narrative. You are to consider, all history was at first oral. I
+    suppose Voltaire was fifty years<a href="#note-1083">[1083]</a> in collecting his <i>Louis XIV</i>.
+    which he did in the way that I am proposing.' ROBERTSON. 'He did so. He
+    lived much with all the great people who were concerned in that reign,
+    and heard them talk of everything: and then either took Mr. Boswell's
+    way, of writing down what he heard, or, which is as good, preserved it
+    in his memory; for he has a wonderful memory.' With the leave, however,
+    of this elegant historian, no man's memory can preserve facts or sayings
+    with such fidelity as may be done by writing them down when they are
+    recent. Dr. Robertson said, 'it was now full time to make such a
+    collection as Dr. Johnson suggested; for many of the people who were
+    then in arms, were dropping off; and both Whigs and Jacobites were now
+    come to talk with moderation.' Lord Elibank said to him, 'Mr. Robertson,
+    the first thing that gave me a high opinion of you, was your saying in
+    the <i>Select Society</i><a href="#note-1084">[1084]</a>, while parties ran high, soon after the year
+    1745, that you did not think worse of a man's moral character for his
+    having been in rebellion. This was venturing to utter a liberal
+    sentiment, while both sides had a detestation of each other.'  Dr.
+    Johnson observed, that being in rebellion from a notion of another's
+    right, was not connected with depravity; and that we had this proof of
+    it, that all mankind applauded the pardoning of rebels; which they would
+    not do in the case of robbers and murderers. He said, with a smile, that
+    'he wondered that the phrase of <i>unnatural</i> rebellion should be so much
+    used, for that all rebellion was natural to man.'
+</p>
+<hr>
+<p>
+    As I kept no Journal of anything that passed after this morning, I
+    shall, from memory, group together this and the other days, till that on
+    which Dr. Johnson departed for London. They were in all nine days; on
+    which he dined at Lady Colvill's, Lord Hailes's, Sir Adolphus Oughton's,
+    Sir Alexander Dick's, Principal Robertson's, Mr. M'Laurin's<a href="#note-1085">[1085]</a>, and
+    thrice at Lord Elibank's seat in the country, where we also passed two
+    nights<a href="#note-1086">[1086]</a>. He supped at the Honourable Alexander Gordon's[1087], now
+    one of our judges, by the title of Lord Rockville; at Mr. Nairne's, now
+    also one of our judges, by the title of Lord Dunsinan; at Dr. Blair's,
+    and Mr. Tytler's; and at my house thrice, one evening with a numerous
+    company, chiefly gentlemen of the law; another with Mr. Menzies of
+    Culdares, and Lord Monboddo, who disengaged himself on purpose to meet
+    him; and the evening on which we returned from Lord Elibank's, he supped
+    with my wife and me by ourselves<a href="#note-1088">[1088]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He breakfasted at Dr. Webster's, at old Mr. Drummond's, and at Dr.
+    Blacklock's; and spent one forenoon at my uncle Dr. Boswell's<a href="#note-1089">[1089]</a>, who
+    shewed him his curious museum; and, as he was an elegant scholar, and a
+    physician bred in the school of Boerhaave<a href="#note-1090">[1090]</a>, Dr. Johnson was pleased
+    with his company.  On the mornings when he breakfasted at my house, he
+    had, from ten o'clock till one or two, a constant levee of various
+    persons, of very different characters and descriptions. I could not
+    attend him, being obliged to be in the Court of Session; but my wife was
+    so good as to devote the greater part of the morning to the endless task
+    of pouring out tea for my friend and his visitors.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Such was the disposition of his time at Edinburgh. He said one evening
+    to me, in a fit of languor, 'Sir, we have been harassed by invitations.'
+    I acquiesced. 'Ay, Sir,' he replied; but how much worse would it have
+    been, if we had been neglected<a href="#note-1091">[1091]</a>?'
+</p>
+<p>
+    From what has been recorded in this <i>Journal</i>, it may well be supposed
+    that a variety of admirable conversation has been lost, by my neglect to
+    preserve it. I shall endeavour to recollect some of it, as well as
+    I can.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At Lady Colvill's, to whom I am proud to introduce any stranger of
+    eminence, that he may see what dignity and grace is to be found in
+    Scotland, an officer observed, that he had heard Lord Mansfield was not
+    a great English lawyer. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, supposing Lord Mansfield not
+    to have the splendid talents which he possesses, he must be a great
+    English lawyer, from having been so long at the bar, and having passed
+    through so many of the great offices of the law. Sir, you may as well
+    maintain that a carrier, who has driven a packhorse between Edinburgh
+    and Berwick for thirty years, does not know the road, as that Lord
+    Mansfield does not know the law of England<a href="#note-1092">[1092]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    At Mr. Nairne's, he drew the character of Richardson, the authour of
+    <i>Clarissa</i>, with a strong yet delicate pencil. I lament much that I have
+    not preserved it; I only remember that he expressed a high opinion of
+    his talents and virtues; but observed, that 'his perpetual study was to
+    ward off petty inconveniences, and procure petty pleasures; that his
+    love of continual superiority was such, that he took care to be always
+    surrounded by women<a href="#note-1093">[1093]</a>, who listened to him implicitly, and did not
+    venture to controvert his opinions; and that his desire of distinction
+    was so great, that he used to give large vails to the Speaker Onslow's
+    servants, that they might treat him with respect.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    On the same evening, he would not allow that the private life of a
+    Judge, in England, was required to be so strictly decorous as I
+    supposed. 'Why then, Sir, (said I,) according to your account, an
+    English judge may just live like a gentleman.' JOHNSON. 'Yes,
+    Sir<a href="#note-1094">[1094]</a>,&mdash;if he <i>can</i>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    At Mr. Tytler's, I happened to tell that one evening, a great many years
+    ago, when Dr. Hugh Blair and I were sitting together in the pit of
+    Drury-lane play-house, in a wild freak of youthful extravagance, I
+    entertained the audience <i>prodigiously</i><a href="#note-1095">[1095]</a>, by imitating the lowing
+    of a cow. A little while after I had told this story, I differed from
+    Dr. Johnson, I suppose too confidently, upon some point, which I now
+    forget. He did not spare me. 'Nay, Sir, (said he,) if you cannot talk
+    better as a man, I'd have you bellow like a cow<a href="#note-1096">[1096]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    At Dr. Webster's, he said, that he believed hardly any man died without
+    affectation. This remark appears to me to be well founded, and will
+    account for many of the celebrated death-bed sayings which are
+    recorded<a href="#note-1097">[1097]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    On one of the evenings at my house, when he told that Lord Lovat boasted
+    to an English nobleman, that though he had not his wealth, he had two
+    thousand men whom he could at any time call into the field, the
+    Honourable Alexander Gordon observed, that those two thousand men
+    brought him to the block. 'True, Sir, (said Dr. Johnson:) but you may
+    just as well argue, concerning a man who has fallen over a precipice to
+    which he has walked too near,&mdash;"His two legs brought him to that," is he
+    not the better for having two legs?'
+</p>
+<p>
+    At Dr. Blair's I left him, in order to attend a consultation, during
+    which he and his amiable host were by themselves. I returned to supper,
+    at which were Principal Robertson, Mr. Nairne, and some other gentlemen.
+    Dr. Robertson and Dr. Blair, I remember, talked well upon
+    subordination<a href="#note-1098">[1098]</a> and government; and, as my friend and I were walking
+    home, he said to me, 'Sir, these two doctors are good men, and wise
+    men<a href="#note-1099">[1099]</a>.' I begged of Dr. Blair to recollect what he could of the long
+    conversation that passed between Dr. Johnson and him alone, this
+    evening, and he obligingly wrote to me as follows:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    '<i>March</i> 3, 1785.
+</p>
+<center>
+    'DEAR SIR,
+</center>
+<p>
+    '&mdash;As so many years have intervened, since I chanced to have that
+    conversation with Dr. Johnson in my house, to which you refer, I have
+    forgotten most of what then passed, but remember that I was both
+    instructed and entertained by it. Among other subjects, the discourse
+    happening to turn on modern Latin poets, the Dr. expressed a very
+    favourable opinion of Buchanan, and instantly repeated, from beginning
+    to end, an ode of his, intituled <i>Calendae Maiae</i>, (the eleventh in his
+    <i>Miscellaneorum Liber</i>), beginning with these words, '<i>Salvete sacris
+    deliciis sacrae</i>,' with which I had formerly been unacquainted; but upon
+    perusing it, the praise which he bestowed upon it, as one of the
+    happiest of Buchanan's poetical compositions, appeared to me very just.
+    He also repeated to me a Latin ode he had composed in one of the western
+    islands, from which he had lately returned. We had much discourse
+    concerning his excursion to those islands, with which he expressed
+    himself as having been highly pleased; talked in a favourable manner of
+    the hospitality of the inhabitants; and particularly spoke much of his
+    happiness in having you for his companion; and said, that the longer he
+    knew you, he loved and esteemed you the more. This conversation passed
+    in the interval between tea and supper, when we were by ourselves. You,
+    and the rest of the company who were with us at supper, have often taken
+    notice that he was uncommonly bland and gay that evening, and gave much
+    pleasure to all who were present. This is all that I can recollect
+    distinctly of that long conversation.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Your's sincerely,
+</p>
+<center>
+    'HUGH BLAIR.'
+</center>
+<p>
+    At Lord Hailes's, we spent a most agreeable day; but again I must lament
+    that I was so indolent as to let almost all that passed evaporate into
+    oblivion. Dr. Johnson observed there, that 'it is wonderful how ignorant
+    many officers of the army are, considering how much leisure they have
+    for study, and the acquisition of knowledge<a href="#note-1100">[1100]</a>.' I hope he was
+    mistaken; for he maintained that many of them were ignorant of things
+    belonging immediately to their own profession; 'for instance, many
+    cannot tell how far a musket will carry a bullet;' in proof of which, I
+    suppose, he mentioned some particular person, for Lord Hailes, from whom
+    I solicited what he could recollect of that day, writes to me as
+    follows:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'As to Dr. Johnson's observation about the ignorance of officers, in the
+    length that a musket will carry, my brother, Colonel Dalrymple, was
+    present, and he thought that the doctor was either mistaken, by putting
+    the question wrong, or that he had conversed on the subject with some
+    person out of service.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Was it upon that occasion that he expressed no curiosity to see the
+    room at Dumfermline, where Charles I. was born? "I know that he was
+    born, (said he;) no matter where."&mdash;Did he envy us the birth-place of
+    the king?'
+</p>
+<p>
+    Near the end of his <i>Journey</i>, Dr. Johnson has given liberal praise to
+    Mr. Braidwood's academy for the deaf and dumb<a href="#note-1101">[1101]</a>. When he visited it,
+    a circumstance occurred which was truly characteristical of our great
+    Lexicographer. 'Pray, (said he,) can they pronounce any <i>long</i> words?'
+    Mr. Braidwood informed him they could. Upon which Dr. Johnson wrote one
+    of his <i>sesquipedalia verba</i><a href="#note-1102">[1102]</a>, which was pronounced by the
+    scholars, and he was satisfied. My readers may perhaps wish to know what
+    the word was; but I cannot gratify their curiosity. Mr. Braidwood told
+    me, it remained long in his school, but had been lost before I made my
+    inquiry<a href="#note-1103">[1103]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson one day visited the Court of Session<a href="#note-1104">[1104]</a>. He thought the
+    mode of pleading there too vehement, and too much addressed to the
+    passions of the judges. 'This (said he) is not the Areopagus.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    At old Mr. Drummond's, Sir John Dalrymple quaintly said, the two noblest
+    animals in the world were, a Scotch Highlander and an English
+    sailor<a href="#note-1105">[1105]</a>. 'Why, Sir, (said Dr. Johnson,) I shall say nothing as to
+    the Scotch Highlander; but as to the English Sailor, I cannot agree with
+    you.' Sir John said, he was generous in giving away his money.' JOHNSON.
+    'Sir, he throws away his money, without thought, and without merit. I do
+    not call a tree generous, that sheds its fruit at every breeze.' Sir
+    John having affected to complain of the attacks made upon his
+    <i>Memoirs</i><a href="#note-1106">[1106]</a>, Dr. Johnson said, 'Nay, Sir, do not complain. It is
+    advantageous to an authour, that his book should be attacked as well as
+    praised. Fame is a shuttlecock. If it be struck only at one end of the
+    room, it will soon fall to the ground. To keep it up, it must be struck
+    at both ends<a href="#note-1107">[1107]</a>.' Often have I reflected on this since; and, instead
+    of being angry at many of those who have written against me, have smiled
+    to think that they were unintentionally subservient to my fame, by using
+    a battledoor to make me <i>virum volitare per ora</i><a href="#note-1108">[1108]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At Sir Alexander Dick's, from that absence of mind to which every man is
+    at times subject, I told, in a blundering manner, Lady Eglingtoune's
+    complimentary adoption of Dr. Johnson as her son; for I unfortunately
+    stated that her ladyship adopted him as her son, in consequence of her
+    having been married the year <i>after</i> he was born. Dr. Johnson instantly
+    corrected me. 'Sir, don't you perceive that you are defaming the
+    countess? For, supposing me to be her son, and that she was not married
+    till the year after my birth, I must have been her <i>natural</i> son.' A
+    young lady of quality, who was present, very handsomely said, 'Might not
+    the son have justified the fault?' My friend was much flattered by this
+    compliment, which he never forgot. When in more than ordinary spirits,
+    and talking of his journey in Scotland, he has called to me, 'Boswell,
+    what was it that the young lady of quality said of me at Sir Alexander
+    Dick's ?' Nobody will doubt that I was happy in repeating it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    My illustrious friend, being now desirous to be again in the great
+    theatre of life and animated exertion, took a place in the coach, which
+    was to set out for London on Monday the 22nd of November<a href="#note-1109">[1109]</a>. Sir John
+    Dalrymple pressed him to come on the Saturday before, to his house at
+    Cranston, which being twelve miles from Edinburgh, upon the middle road
+    to Newcastle, (Dr. Johnson had come to Edinburgh by Berwick, and along
+    the naked coast<a href="#note-1110">[1110]</a>,) it would make his journey easier, as the coach
+    would take him up at a more seasonable hour than that at which it sets
+    out. Sir John, I perceived, was ambitious of having such a guest; but,
+    as I was well assured, that at this very time he had joined with some of
+    his prejudiced countrymen in railing at Dr. Johnson<a href="#note-1111">[1111]</a>, and had said,
+    he 'wondered how any gentleman of Scotland could keep company with him,'
+    I thought he did not deserve the honour: yet, as it might be a
+    convenience to Dr. Johnson, I contrived that he should accept the
+    invitation, and engaged to conduct him. I resolved that, on our way to
+    Sir John's, we should make a little circuit by Roslin Castle, and
+    Hawthornden, and wished to set out soon after breakfast; but young Mr.
+    Tytler came to shew Dr. Johnson some essays which he had written; and my
+    great friend, who was exceedingly obliging when thus consulted<a href="#note-1112">[1112]</a>,
+    was detained so long, that it was, I believe, one o'clock before we got
+    into our post-chaise. I found that we should be too late for dinner at
+    Sir John Dalrymple's, to which we were engaged: but I would by no means
+    lose the pleasure of seeing my friend at Hawthornden,&mdash;of seeing <i>Sam
+    Johnson</i> at the very spot where <i>Ben Jonson</i> visited the learned and
+    poetical Drummond<a href="#note-1113">[1113]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We surveyed Roslin Castle, the romantick scene around it, and the
+    beautiful Gothick chapel<a href="#note-1114">[1114]</a>, and dined and drank tea at the inn;
+    after which we proceeded to Hawthornden, and viewed the caves; and I
+    all the while had <i>Rare Ben</i><a href="#note-1115">[1115]</a> in my mind, and was pleased to think
+    that this place was now visited by another celebrated wit of England.
+</p>
+<p>
+    By this time 'the waning night was growing old,' and we were yet several
+    miles from Sir John Dalrymple's. Dr. Johnson did not seem much troubled
+    at our having treated the baronet with so little attention to
+    politeness; but when I talked of the grievous disappointment it must
+    have been to him that we did not come to the <i>feast</i> that he had
+    prepared for us, (for he told us he had killed a seven-year old sheep on
+    purpose,) my friend got into a merry mood, and jocularly said, 'I dare
+    say, Sir, he has been very sadly distressed: Nay, we do not know but the
+    consequence may have been fatal. Let me try to describe his situation in
+    his own historical style, I have as good a right to make him think and
+    talk, as he has to tell us how people thought and talked a hundred years
+    ago, of which he has no evidence. All history, so far as it is not
+    supported by contemporary evidence, is romance<a href="#note-1116">[1116]</a>&mdash;Stay now.&mdash;Let us
+    consider!' He then (heartily laughing all the while) proceeded in his
+    imitation, I am sure to the following effect, though now, at the
+    distance of almost twelve years, I cannot pretend to recollect all the
+    precise words:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Dinner being ready, he wondered that his guests were not yet come.
+    His wonder was soon succeeded by impatience. He walked about the
+    room in anxious agitation; sometimes he looked at his watch, sometimes
+    he looked out at the window with an eager gaze of expectation,
+    and revolved in his mind the various accidents of human life. His
+    family beheld him with mute concern. "Surely (said he, with a sigh,)
+    they will not fail me." The mind of man can bear a certain pressure;
+    but there is a point when it can bear no more. A rope was in his view,
+    and he died a Roman death<a href="#note-1117">[1117]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    It was very late before we reached the seat of Sir John Dalrymple, who,
+    certainly with some reason, was not in very good humour. Our
+    conversation was not brilliant. We supped, and went to bed in ancient
+    rooms, which would have better suited the climate of Italy in summer,
+    than that of Scotland in the month of November.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I recollect no conversation of the next day, worth preserving, except
+    one saying of Dr. Johnson, which will be a valuable text for many decent
+    old dowagers, and other good company, in various circles to descant
+    upon. He said, 'I am sorry I have not learnt to play at cards. It is
+    very useful in life: it generates kindness, and consolidates
+    society<a href="#note-1118">[1118]</a>.' He certainly could not mean deep play.
+</p>
+<p>
+    My friend and I thought we should be more comfortable at the inn at
+    Blackshields, two miles farther on. We therefore went thither in the
+    evening, and he was very entertaining; but I have preserved nothing but
+    the pleasing remembrance, and his verses on George the Second and
+    Cibber<a href="#note-1119">[1119]</a>, and his epitaph on Parnell[1120], which he was then so
+    good as to dictate to me. We breakfasted together next morning, and then
+    the coach came, and took him up. He had, as one of his companions in it,
+    as far as Newcastle, the worthy and ingenious Dr. Hope, botanical
+    professor at Edinburgh. Both Dr. Johnson and he used to speak of their
+    good fortune in thus accidentally meeting; for they had much instructive
+    conversation, which is always a most valuable enjoyment, and, when found
+    where it is not expected, is peculiarly relished.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I have now completed my account of our Tour to the Hebrides. I have
+    brought Dr. Johnson down to Scotland, and seen him into the coach which
+    in a few hours carried him back into England. He said to me often, that
+    the time he spent in this Tour was the pleasantest part of his
+    life<a href="#note-1121">[1121]</a>, and asked me if I would lose the recollection of it for five
+    hundred pounds. I answered I would not; and he applauded my setting such
+    a value on an accession of new images in my mind<a href="#note-1122">[1122]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Had it not been for me, I am persuaded Dr. Johnson never would have
+    undertaken such a journey; and I must be allowed to assume some merit
+    from having been the cause that our language has been enriched with such
+    a book as that which he published on his return; a book which I never
+    read but with the utmost admiration, as I had such opportunities of
+    knowing from what very meagre materials it was composed.
+</p>
+<p>
+    But my praise may be supposed partial; and therefore I shall insert two
+    testimonies, not liable to that objection, both written by gentlemen of
+    Scotland, to whose opinions I am confident the highest respect will be
+    paid, Lord Hailes<a href="#note-1123">[1123]</a>, and Mr. Dempster[1124]. 'TO JAMES
+</p>
+<center>
+    BOSWELL, ESQ.
+</center>
+<center>
+    'SIR,
+</center>
+<p>
+    'I have received much pleasure and much instruction, from perusing <i>The
+    Journey to the Hebrides</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I admire the elegance and variety of description, and the lively
+    picture of men and manners. I always approve of the moral, often of the
+    political, reflections. I love the benevolence of the authour.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'They who search for faults, may possibly find them in this, as well as
+    in every other work of literature.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'For example, the friends of the old family say that <i>the aera of
+    planting</i> is placed too late, at the Union of the two kingdoms<a href="#note-1125">[1125]</a>. I
+    am known to be no friend of the old family; yet I would place the aera
+    of planting at the Restoration; after the murder of Charles I. had been
+    expiated in the anarchy which succeeded it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Before the Restoration, few trees were planted, unless by the
+    monastick drones: their successors, (and worthy patriots they were,) the
+    barons, first cut down the trees, and then sold the estates. The
+    gentleman at St. Andrews, who said that there were but two trees in
+    Fife<a href="#note-1126">[1126]</a>, ought to have added, that the elms of Balmerino[1127] were
+    sold within these twenty years, to make pumps for the fire-engines.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'In J. Major de <i>Gestis Scotorum</i>, L. i. C. 2. last edition, there is a
+    singular passage:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    '"Davidi Cranstoneo conterraneo, dum de prima theologiae licentia foret,
+    duo ei consocii et familiares, et mei cum eo in artibus auditores,
+    scilicet Jacobus Almain Senonensis, et Petrus Bruxcellensis,
+    Praedicatoris ordinis, in Sorbonae curia die Sorbonico commilitonibus
+    suis publice objecerunt, <i>quod pane avenaceo plebeii Scoti</i>, sicut a
+    quodam religioso intellexerant, <i>vescebantur, ut virum, quem cholericum
+    noverant, honestis salibus tentarent, qui hoc inficiari tanquam patriae
+    dedecus nisus est</i>."
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Pray introduce our countryman, Mr. Licentiate David Cranston, to
+    the acquaintance of Mr. Johnson.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'The syllogism seems to have been this:
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'They who feed on oatmeal are barbarians;
+      But the Scots feed on oatmeal:
+      Ergo&mdash;
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    The licentiate denied the <i>minor</i>,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     I am, Sir,
+     Your most obedient servant,
+    'DAV. DALRYMPLE.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Newhailes, 6th Feb. 1775.'
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     To JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ., EDINBURGH.
+     Dunnichen, 16th February, 1775.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<center>
+    'MY DEAR BOSWELL,
+</center>
+<p>
+    'I cannot omit a moment to return you my best thanks for the
+    entertainment you have furnished me, my family, and guests, by the
+    perusal of Dr. Johnson's <i>Journey to the Western Islands</i>; and now for
+    my sentiments of it. I was well entertained. His descriptions are
+    accurate and vivid. He carried me on the Tour along with him. I am
+    pleased with the justice he has done to your humour and vivacity. "The
+    noise of the wind being all its own," is a <i>bon-mot</i>, that it would have
+    been a pity to have omitted, and a robbery not to have ascribed to its
+    author<a href="#note-1128">[1128]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'There is nothing in the book, from beginning to end, that a Scotchman
+    need to take amiss<a href="#note-1129">[1129]</a>. What he says of the country is true, and his
+    observations on the people are what must naturally occur to a sensible,
+    observing, and reflecting inhabitant of a <i>convenient</i> Metropolis, where
+    a man on thirty pounds a year may be better accommodated with all the
+    little wants of life, than <i>Col.</i> or <i>Sir Allan</i>. He reasons candidly
+    about the <i>second sight</i>; but I wish he had enquired more, before he
+    ventured to say he even doubted of the possibility of such an unusual
+    and useless deviation from all the known laws of nature<a href="#note-1130">[1130]</a>. The
+    notion of the second sight I consider as a remnant of superstitious
+    ignorance and credulity, which a philosopher will set down as such, till
+    the contrary is clearly proved, and then it will be classed among the
+    other certain, though unaccountable parts of our nature, like
+    dreams<a href="#note-1131">[1131]</a>, and-I do not know what.  'In regard to the language, it
+    has the merit of being all his own. Many words of foreign extraction are
+    used, where, I believe, common ones would do as well, especially on
+    familiar occasions. Yet I believe he could not express himself so
+    forcibly in any other stile. I am charmed with his researches concerning
+    the Erse language, and the antiquity of their manuscripts. I am quite
+    convinced; and I shall rank <i>Ossian</i>, and his <i>Fingals</i> and <i>Oscars</i>,
+    amongst the Nursery Tales, not the true history of our country, in all
+    time to come.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Upon the whole, the book cannot displease, for it has no pretensions.
+    The author neither says he is a Geographer, nor an Antiquarian, nor very
+    learned in the History of Scotland, nor a Naturalist, nor a
+    Fossilist<a href="#note-1132">[1132]</a>. The manners of the people, and the face of the country,
+    are all he attempts to describe, or seems to have thought of. Much were
+    it to be wished, that they who have travelled into more remote, and of
+    course, more curious, regions, had all possessed his good sense. Of the
+    state of learning, his observations on Glasgow University<a href="#note-1133">[1133]</a> shew he
+    has formed a very sound judgement. He understands our climate too, and
+    he has accurately observed the changes, however slow and imperceptible
+    to us, which Scotland has undergone, in consequence of the blessings of
+    liberty and internal peace. I could have drawn my pen through the story
+    of the old woman at St. Andrews, being the only silly thing in the
+    book<a href="#note-1134">[1134]</a>. He has taken the opportunity of ingrafting into the work
+    several good observations, which I dare say he had made upon men and
+    things, before he set foot on Scotch ground, by which it is considerably
+    enriched<a href="#note-1135">[1135]</a>. A long journey, like a tall May-pole, though not very
+    beautiful itself, yet is pretty enough, when ornamented with flowers and
+    garlands; it furnishes a sort of cloak-pins for hanging the furniture of
+    your mind upon; and whoever sets out upon a journey, without furnishing
+    his mind previously with much study and useful knowledge, erects a
+    May-pole in December, and puts up very useless cloak-pins<a href="#note-1136">[1136]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I hope the book will induce many of his countrymen to make the same
+    jaunt, and help to intermix the more liberal part of them still more
+    with us, and perhaps abate somewhat of that virulent antipathy which
+    many of them entertain against the Scotch: who certainly would never
+    have formed those <i>combinations</i><a href="#note-1137">[1137]</a> which he takes notice of, more
+    than their ancestors, had they not been necessary for their mutual
+    safety, at least for their success, in a country where they are treated
+    as foreigners. They would find us not deficient, at least in point of
+    hospitality, and they would be ashamed ever after to abuse us in
+    the mass.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'So much for the Tour. I have now, for the first time in my life, passed
+    a winter in the country; and never did three months roll on with more
+    swiftness and satisfaction. I used not only to wonder at, but pity,
+    those whose lot condemned them to winter any where but in either of the
+    capitals. But every place has its charms to a cheerful mind. I am busy
+    planting and taking measures for opening the summer campaign in farming;
+    and I find I have an excellent resource, when revolutions in politicks
+    perhaps, and revolutions of the sun for certain, will make it decent for
+    me to retreat behind the ranks of the more forward in life.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I am glad to hear the last was a very busy week with you. I see you as
+    counsel in some causes which must have opened a charming field for your
+    humourous vein. As it is more uncommon, so I verily believe it is more
+    useful than the more serious exercise of reason; and, to a man who is to
+    appear in publick, more eclat is to be gained, sometimes more money too,
+    by a <i>bon-mot</i>, than a learned speech. It is the fund of natural humour
+    which Lord North possesses, that makes him so much the favourite of the
+    house, and so able, because so amiable, a leader of a party<a href="#note-1138">[1138]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I have now finished <i>my</i> Tour of <i>Seven Pages</i>. In what remains, I beg
+    leave to offer my compliments, and those of <i>ma tres chere femme</i>, to
+    you and Mrs. Boswell. Pray unbend the busy brow, and frolick a little in
+    a letter to,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'My dear Boswell,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Your affectionate friend,
+</p>
+<center>
+    'GEORGE DEMPSTER<a href="#note-1139">[1139]</a>.'
+</center>
+<p>
+    I shall also present the publick with a correspondence with the Laird
+    of Rasay, concerning a passage in the <i>Journey to the</i> Western Islands,
+    which shews Dr. Johnson in a very amiable light.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'To JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Rasay, April 10th, 1775.
+</p>
+<center>
+    'DEAR SIR,
+</center>
+<p>
+    'I take this occasion of returning you my most hearty thanks for the
+    civilities shewn to my daughter by you and Mrs. Boswell. Yet, though she
+    has informed me that I am under this obligation, I should very probably
+    have deferred troubling you with making my acknowledgments at present,
+    if I had not seen Dr. Johnson's <i>Journey to the Western Isles</i>, in which
+    he has been pleased to make a very friendly mention of my family, for
+    which I am surely obliged to him, as being more than an equivalent for
+    the reception you and he met with. Yet there is one paragraph I should
+    have been glad he had omitted, which I am sure was owing to
+    misinformation; that is, that I had acknowledged McLeod to be my chief,
+    though my ancestors disputed the pre-eminence for a long tract of time.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I never had occasion to enter seriously on this argument with the
+    present laird or his grandfather, nor could I have any temptation to
+    such a renunciation from either of them. I acknowledge, the benefit of
+    being chief of a clan is in our days of very little significancy, and to
+    trace out the progress of this honour to the founder of a family, of any
+    standing, would perhaps be a matter of some difficulty.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'The true state of the present case is this: the McLeod family consists
+    of two different branches; the M'Leods of Lewis, of which I am
+    descended, and the M'Leods of Harris. And though the former have lost a
+    very extensive estate by forfeiture in king James the Sixth's time,
+    there are still several respectable families of it existing, who would
+    justly blame me for such an unmeaning cession, when they all acknowledge
+    me head of that family; which though in fact it be but an ideal point of
+    honour, is not hitherto so far disregarded in our country, but it would
+    determine some of my friends to look on me as a much smaller man than
+    either they or myself judge me at present to be. I will, therefore, ask
+    it as a favour of you to acquaint the Doctor with the difficulty he has
+    brought me to. In travelling among rival clans, such a silly tale as
+    this might easily be whispered into the ear of a passing stranger; but
+    as it has no foundation in fact, I hope the Doctor will be so good as to
+    take his own way in undeceiving the publick, I principally mean my
+    friends and connections, who will be first angry at me, and next sorry
+    to find such an instance of my littleness recorded in a book which has a
+    very fair chance of being much read. I expect you will let me know what
+    he will write you in return, and we here beg to make offer to you and
+    Mrs. Boswell of our most respectful compliments.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I am,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Dear Sir,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Your most obedient humble servant,
+</p>
+<center>
+    'JOHN M'LEOD.'
+</center>
+<hr>
+<center>
+    'TO THE LAIRD OF RASAY.
+</center>
+<p>
+    'London, May 8, 1775.
+</p>
+<center>
+    'DEAR SIR,
+</center>
+<p>
+    'The day before yesterday I had the honour to receive your letter, and I
+    immediately communicated it to Dr. Johnson. He said he loved your
+    spirit, and was exceedingly sorry that he had been the cause of the
+    smallest uneasiness to you. There is not a more candid man in the world
+    than he is, when properly addressed, as you will see from his letter to
+    you, which I now enclose. He has allowed me to take a copy of it, and he
+    says you may read it to your clan, or publish it if you please. Be
+    assured, Sir, that I shall take care of what he has entrusted to me,
+    which is to have an acknowledgement of his errour inserted in the
+    Edinburgh newspapers. You will, I dare say, be fully satisfied with Dr.
+    Johnson's behaviour. He is desirous to know that you are; and therefore
+    when you have read his acknowledgement in the papers, I beg you may
+    write to me; and if you choose it, I am persuaded a letter from you to
+    the Doctor also will be taken kind. I shall be at Edinburgh the week
+    after next.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Any civilities which my wife and I had in our power to shew to your
+    daughter, Miss M'Leod, were due to her own merit, and were well repaid
+    by her agreeable company. But I am sure I should be a very unworthy man
+    if I did not wish to shew a grateful sense of the hospitable and genteel
+    manner in which you were pleased to treat me. Be assured, my dear Sir,
+    that I shall never forget your goodness, and the happy hours which I
+    spent in Rasay.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'You and Dr. M'Leod were both so obliging as to promise me an account in
+    writing, of all the particulars which each of you remember, concerning
+    the transactions of 1745-6. Pray do not forget this, and be as minute
+    and full as you can; put down every thing; I have a great curiosity to
+    know as much as I can, authentically.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I beg that you may present my best respects to Lady Rasay, my
+    compliments to your young family, and to Dr. M'Leod; and my hearty good
+    wishes to Malcolm, with whom I hope again to shake hands cordially. I
+    have the honour to be,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Dear Sir,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Your obliged and faithful humble servant,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'JAMES BOSWELL.'  ADVERTISEMENT, written by Dr. Johnson, and inserted
+    by his desire in the Edinburgh newspapers:&mdash;Referred to in the foregoing
+    letter<a href="#note-1140">[1140]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>'THE authour of the</i> Journey to the Western Islands, <i>having related
+    that the M'Leods of Rasay acknowledge the chieftainship or superiority
+    of the M'Leods of Sky, finds that he has been misinformed or mistaken.
+    He means in a future edition to correct his errour<a href="#note-1141">[1141]</a>, and wishes to
+    be told of more, if more have been discovered.'</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dr. Johnson's letter was as follows:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'To THE LAIRD OF RASAY.
+</p>
+<center>
+    'DEAR SIR,
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Mr. Boswell has this day shewn me a letter, in which you complain of a
+    passage in <i>The Journey to the Hebrides.</i> My meaning is mistaken. I did
+    not intend to say that you had personally made any cession of the rights
+    of your house, or any acknowledgement of the superiority of M'Leod of
+    Dunvegan. I only designed to express what I thought generally
+    admitted,&mdash;that the house of Rasay allowed the superiority of the house
+    of Dunvegan. Even this I now find to be erroneous, and will therefore
+    omit or retract it in the next edition.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Though what I had said had been true, if it had been disagreeable to
+    you, I should have wished it unsaid; for it is not my business to adjust
+    precedence. As it is mistaken, I find myself disposed to correct, both
+    by my respect for you, and my reverence for truth.  'As I know not when
+    the book will be reprinted, I have desired Mr. Boswell to anticipate the
+    correction in the Edinburgh papers. This is all that can be done.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I hope I may now venture to desire that my compliments may be made, and
+    my gratitude expressed, to Lady Rasay, Mr. Malcolm M'Leod, Mr. Donald
+    M'Queen, and all the gentlemen and all the ladies whom I saw in the
+    island of Rasay; a place which I remember with too much pleasure and too
+    much kindness, not to be sorry that my ignorance, or hasty persuasion,
+    should, for a single moment, have violated its tranquillity.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I beg you all to forgive an undesigned and involuntary injury, and to
+    consider me as,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Sir, your most obliged,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'And most humble servant,
+</p>
+<center>
+    'SAM. JOHNSON<a href="#note-1142">[1142]</a>.'
+</center>
+<p>
+    'London, May 6, 1775.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    It would be improper for me to boast of my own labours; but I cannot
+    refrain from publishing such praise as I received from such a man as Sir
+    William Forbes, of Pitsligo, after the perusal of the original
+    manuscript of my <i>Journal</i><a href="#note-1143">[1143]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'To JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Edinburgh, March 7, 1777.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'My DEAR SIR,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I ought to have thanked you sooner, for your very obliging letter, and
+    for the singular confidence you are pleased to place in me, when you
+    trust me with such a curious and valuable deposit as the papers you
+    have sent me<a href="#note-1144">[1144]</a>. Be assured I have a due sense of this favour, and
+    shall faithfully and carefully return them to you. You may rely that I
+    shall neither copy any part, nor permit the papers to be seen.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'They contain a curious picture of society, and form a journal on the
+    most instructive plan that can possibly be thought of; for I am not sure
+    that an ordinary observer would become so well acquainted either with
+    Dr. Johnson, or with the manners of the Hebrides, by a personal
+    intercourse, as by a perusal of your <i>Journal</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I am, very truly,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Dear Sir,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Your most obedient,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'And affectionate humble servant,
+</p>
+<center>
+    'WILLIAM FORBES.'
+</center>
+<p>
+    When I consider how many of the persons mentioned in this Tour
+    are now gone to 'that undiscovered country, from whose bourne no
+    traveller returns<a href="#note-1145">[1145]</a>,' I feel an impression at once awful and
+    tender.&mdash;<i>Requiescant in pace!</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    It may be objected by some persons, as it has been by one of my friends,
+    that he who has the power of thus exhibiting an exact transcript of
+    conversations is not a desirable member of society. I repeat the answer
+    which I made to that friend:&mdash;'Few, very few, need be afraid that their
+    sayings will be recorded. Can it be imagined that I would take the
+    trouble to gather what grows on every hedge, because I have collected
+    such fruits as the <i>Nonpareil</i> and the BON CHRETIEN<a href="#note-1146">[1146]</a>?'
+</p>
+<p>
+    On the other hand, how useful is such a faculty, if well exercised! To
+    it we owe all those interesting apophthegms and <i>memorabilia</i> of the
+    ancients, which Plutarch, Xenophon, and Valerius Maximus, have
+    transmitted to us. To it we owe all those instructive and entertaining
+    collections which the French have made under the title of <i>Ana</i>, affixed
+    to some celebrated name. To it we owe the <i>Table-Talk</i> of Selden<a href="#note-1147">[1147]</a>,
+    the <i>Conversation</i> between Ben Jonson and Drummond of Hawthornden,
+    Spence's <i>Anecdotes</i> of Pope<a href="#note-1148">[1148]</a>, and other valuable remains in our
+    own language. How delighted should we have been, if thus introduced into
+    the company of Shakspeare and of Dryden<a href="#note-1149">[1149]</a>, of whom we know scarcely
+    any thing but their admirable writings! What pleasure would it have
+    given us, to have known their petty habits, their characteristick
+    manners, their modes of composition, and their genuine opinion of
+    preceding writers and of their contemporaries! All these are now
+    irrecoverably lost. Considering how many of the strongest and most
+    brilliant effusions of exalted intellect must have perished, how much is
+    it to be regretted that all men of distinguished wisdom and wit have not
+    been attended by friends, of taste enough to relish, and abilities
+    enough to register their conversation;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Vixere fortes ante Agamemnona
+      Multi, sed omnes illacrymabiles
+      Urgentur, ignotique longa
+      Nocte, carent quia vate sacro<a href="#note-1150">[1150]</a>.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    They whose inferiour exertions are recorded, as serving to explain or
+    illustrate the sayings of such men, may be proud of being thus
+    associated, and of their names being transmitted to posterity, by being
+    appended to an illustrious character.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Before I conclude, I think it proper to say, that I have
+    suppressed<a href="#note-1151">[1151]</a> every thing which I thought could <i>really</i> hurt any
+    one now living. Vanity and self-conceit indeed may sometimes suffer.
+    With respect to what <i>is</i> related, I considered it my duty to 'extenuate
+    nothing, nor set down aught in malice<a href="#note-1152">[1152]</a>;' and with those lighter
+    strokes of Dr. Johnson's satire, proceeding from a warmth and quickness
+    of imagination, not from any malevolence of heart, and which, on account
+    of their excellence, could not be omitted, I trust that they who are the
+    subject of them have good sense and good temper enough not to be
+    displeased.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I have only to add, that I shall ever reflect with great pleasure on a
+    Tour, which has been the means of preserving so much of the enlightened
+    and instructive conversation of one whose virtues will, I hope, ever be
+    an object of imitation, and whose powers of mind were so extraordinary,
+    that ages may revolve before such a man shall again appear.
+</p>
+<a name="2HAPP94"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    APPENDIX.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    No. I.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>In justice to the ingenious</i> DR. BLACKLOCK, <i>I publish the following
+    letter from him, relative to a passage in p. 47.</i>
+</p>
+<center>
+    'TO JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ.
+</center>
+<center>
+    'DEAR SIR,
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Having lately had the pleasure of reading your account of the journey
+    which you took with Dr. Samuel Johnson to the Western Isles, I take the
+    liberty of transmitting my ideas of the conversation which happened
+    between the doctor and myself concerning Lexicography and Poetry, which,
+    as it is a little different from the delineation exhibited in the former
+    edition of your <i>Journal</i>, cannot, I hope, be unacceptable; particularly
+    since I have been informed that a second edition of that work is now in
+    contemplation, if not in execution: and I am still more strongly tempted
+    to encourage that hope, from considering that, if every one concerned in
+    the conversations related, were to send you what they can recollect of
+    these colloquial entertainments, many curious and interesting
+    particulars might be recovered, which the most assiduous attention could
+    not observe, nor the most tenacious memory retain. A little reflection,
+    Sir, will convince you, that there is not an axiom in Euclid more
+    intuitive nor more evident than the doctor's assertion that poetry was
+    of much easier execution than lexicography. Any mind therefore endowed
+    with common sense, must have been extremely absent from itself, if it
+    discovered the least astonishment from hearing that a poem might be
+    written with much more facility than the same quantity of a dictionary.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'The real cause of my surprise was what appeared to me much more
+    paradoxical, that he could write a sheet of dictionary <i>with as much
+    pleasure</i> as a sheet of poetry. He acknowledged, indeed, that the latter
+    was much easier than the former. For in the one case, books and a desk
+    were requisite; in the other, you might compose when lying in bed, or
+    walking in the fields, &amp;c. He did not, however, descend to explain, nor
+    to this moment can I comprehend, how the labours of a mere Philologist,
+    in the most refined sense of that term, could give equal pleasure with
+    the exercise of a mind replete with elevated conceptions and pathetic
+    ideas, while taste, fancy, and intellect were deeply enamoured of
+    nature, and in full exertion. You may likewise, perhaps, remember, that
+    when I complained of the ground which Scepticism in religion and morals
+    was continually gaining, it did not appear to be on my own account, as
+    my private opinions upon these important subjects had long been
+    inflexibly determined. What I then deplored, and still deplore, was the
+    unhappy influence which that gloomy hesitation had, not only upon
+    particular characters, but even upon life in general; as being equally
+    the bane of action in our present state, and of such consolations as we
+    might derive from the hopes of a future.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I have the pleasure of remaining with sincere esteem and respect,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Dear Sir,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Your most obedient humble servant,
+</p>
+<center>
+    'THOMAS BLACKLOCK.'
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Edinburgh, Nov. 12, 1785.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    I am very happy to find that Dr. Blacklock's apparent uneasiness on the
+    subject of Scepticism was not on his own account, (as I supposed) but
+    from a benevolent concern for the happiness of mankind. With respect,
+    however, to the question concerning poetry, and composing a dictionary,
+    I am confident that my state of Dr. Johnson's position is accurate. One
+    may misconceive the motive by which a person is induced to discuss a
+    particular topick (as in the case of Dr. Blacklock's speaking of
+    Scepticism); but an assertion, like that made by Dr. Johnson, cannot be
+    easily mistaken. And indeed it seems not very probable, that he who so
+    pathetically laments the <i>drudgery</i><a href="#note-1153">[1153]</a> to which the unhappy
+    lexicographer is doomed, and is known to have written his splendid
+    imitation of <i>Juvenal</i> with astonishing rapidity<a href="#note-1154">[1154]</a>, should have had
+    'as much pleasure in writing a sheet of a dictionary as a sheet of
+    poetry<a href="#note-1155">[1155]</a>.' Nor can I concur with the ingenious writer of the
+    foregoing letter, in thinking it an axiom as evident as any in Euclid,
+    that 'poetry is of easier execution than lexicography.' I have no doubt
+    that Bailey<a href="#note-1156">[1156]</a>, and the 'mighty blunderbuss of law[1157],' Jacob,
+    wrote ten pages of their respective <i>Dictionaries</i> with more ease than
+    they could have written five pages of poetry.
+</p>
+<p>
+    If this book should again be reprinted, I shall with the utmost
+    readiness correct any errours I may have committed, in stating
+    conversations, provided it can be clearly shewn to me that I have been
+    inaccurate. But I am slow to believe, (as I have elsewhere
+    observed<a href="#note-1158">[1158]</a>) that any man's memory, at the distance of several years,
+    can preserve facts or sayings with such fidelity as may be done by
+    writing them down when they are recent: and I beg it may be remembered,
+    that it is not upon <i>memory</i>, but upon what was <i>written at the time</i>,
+    that the authenticity of my <i>Journal</i> rests.
+</p>
+<hr>
+<p>
+    No. II.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Verses written by Sir Alexander (now Lord) Macdonald; addressed and
+    presented to Dr. Johnson, at Armidale in the Isle of Sky<a href="#note-1159">[1159]</a>.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Viator, o qui nostra per aequora
+     Visurus agros Skiaticos venis,
+       En te salutantes tributim
+         Undique conglomerantur oris.
+
+     Donaldiani,&mdash;quotquot in insulis
+     Compescit arctis limitibus mare;
+       Alitque jamdudum, ac alendos
+         Piscibus indigenas fovebit.
+
+     Ciere fluctus siste, Procelliger,
+     Nec tu laborans perge, precor, ratis,
+       Ne conjugem plangat marita,
+         Ne doleat soboles parentem.
+
+     Nec te vicissim poeniteat virum
+     Luxisse;&mdash;vestro scimus ut aestuant
+       In corde luctantes dolores,
+         Cum feriant inopina corpus.
+
+     Quidni! peremptum clade tuentibus
+     Plus semper illo qui moritur pati
+       Datur, doloris dum profundos
+         Pervia mens aperit recessus.
+
+     Valete luctus;&mdash;hinc lacrymabiles
+     Arcete visus:&mdash;ibimus, ibimus
+       Superbienti qua theatro
+         Fingaliae memorantur aulae.
+
+     Illustris hospes! mox spatiabere
+     Qua mens ruinae ducta meatibus
+       Gaudebit explorare coetus,
+         Buccina qua cecinit triumphos;
+
+     Audin? resurgens spirat anhelitu
+     Dux usitato, suscitat efficax
+       Poeta manes, ingruitque
+         Vi solitâ redivivus horror.
+
+     Ahaena quassans tela gravi manu
+     Sic ibat atrox Ossiani pater:
+       Quiescat urnâ, stet fidelis
+         Phersonius vigil ad favillam.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<a name="2H_4_95"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    <i>Preparing for the Press, in one Volume Quarto</i>,
+</h2>
+<center>
+    THE LIFE OF SAMUEL JOHNSON, LL.D.
+</center>
+<center>
+    BY <i>JAMES BOSWELL</i>, ESQ.
+</center>
+<p>
+    Mr. Boswell has been collecting materials for this work for more than
+    twenty years, during which he was honoured with the intimate friendship
+    of Dr. Johnson; to whose memory he is ambitious to erect a literary
+    monument, worthy of so great an authour, and so excellent a man. Dr.
+    Johnson was well informed of his design, and obligingly communicated to
+    him several curious particulars. With these will be interwoven the most
+    authentick accounts that can be obtained from those who knew him best;
+    many sketches of his conversation on a multiplicity of subjects, with
+    various persons, some of them the most eminent of the age; a great
+    number of letters from him at different periods, and several original
+    pieces dictated by him to Mr. Boswell, distinguished by that peculiar
+    energy, which marked every emanation of his mind.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Boswell takes this opportunity of gratefully acknowledging the many
+    valuable communications which he has received to enable him to render
+    his <i>Life of Dr. Johnson</i> more complete. His thanks are particularly due
+    to the Rev. Dr. Adams, the Rev. Dr. Taylor, Sir Joshua Reynolds, Mr.
+    Langton, Dr. Brocklesby, the Rev. Thomas Warton, Mr. Hector of
+    Birmingham, Mrs. Porter, and Miss Seward.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He has already obtained a large collection of Dr. Johnson's letters to
+    his friends, and shall be much obliged for such others as yet remain in
+    private hands; which he is the more desirous of collecting, as all the
+    letters of that great man, which he has yet seen, are written with
+    peculiar precision and elegance; and he is confident that the
+    publication of the whole of Dr. Johnson's epistolary correspondence
+    will do him the highest honour.
+</p>
+<a name="2HAPP96"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    APPENDIX A.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    (<i>Page</i> 80.)
+</p>
+<p>
+    As no one reads Warburton now&mdash;I bought the five volumes of his
+    <i>Divine Legation</i> in excellent condition, bound in calf, for ten pence&mdash;one
+    or two extracts from his writing may be of interest. His Dedication
+    of that work to the Free-Thinkers is as vigorous as it is abusive. It has
+    such passages as the following:&mdash;'Low and mean as your buffoonery is,
+    it is yet to the level of the people:' p. xi. 'I have now done with
+    your buffoonery, which, like chewed bullets, is against the law of arms;
+    and come next to your scurrilities, those stink-pots of your offensive
+    war.' <i>Ib. p. xxii</i>. On page xl. he returns again to their '<i>cold</i>
+    buffoonery.' In the Appendix to vol. v, p. 414, he thus wittily replies
+    to Lowth, who had maintained that 'idolatry was punished under the
+    DOMINION of Melchisedec'(p. 409):&mdash;'Melchisedec's story is a short
+    one; he is just brought into the scene to <i>bless</i> Abraham in his return
+    from conquest. This promises but ill. Had this <i>King and Priest of
+    Salem</i> been brought in <i>cursing</i>, it had had a better appearance: for, I
+    think, punishment for opinions which generally ends in a <i>fagot</i> always
+    begins with a <i>curse</i>. But we may be misled perhaps by a wrong translation.
+    The Hebrew word to <i>bless</i> signifies likewise to <i>curse</i>, and under
+    the management of an intolerant priest good things easily run into their
+    contraries. What follows is his taking <i>tythes</i> from Abraham. Nor will
+    this serve our purpose, unless we interpret these <i>tythes</i> into <i>fines for
+    non-conformity</i>; and then by the <i>blessing</i> we can easily understand
+    <i>absolution</i>. We have seen much stranger things done with the <i>Hebrew
+    verity</i>. If this be not allowed, I do not see how we can elicit fire and
+    fagot from this adventure; for I think there is no inseparable connexion
+    between <i>tythes</i> and <i>persecution</i> but in the ideas of a Quaker.&mdash;And
+    so much for King Melchisedec. But the learned <i>Professor</i>, who
+    has been hardily brought up in the keen atmosphere of WHOLESOME
+    SEVERITIES and early taught to distinguish between <i>de facto</i> and <i>de
+    jure</i>, thought it 'needless to enquire into <i>facts</i>, when he was secure
+    of the <i>right</i>'.
+</p>
+<p>
+    This 'keen atmosphere of wholesome severities' reappears by the
+    way in Mason's continuation of Gray's Ode to Vicissitude:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'That breathes the keen yet wholesome air
+      Of rugged penury.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    And later in the first book of Wordsworth's <i>Excursion</i>
+    (ed. 1857, vi. 29):&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'The keen, the wholesome air of poverty.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Johnson said of Warburton: 'His abilities gave him an haughty confidence,
+    which he disdained to conceal or mollify; and his impatience
+    of opposition disposed him to treat his adversaries with such contemptuous
+    superiority as made his readers commonly his enemies, and
+    excited against the advocate the wishes of some who favoured the cause.
+    He seems to have adopted the Roman Emperour's determination,
+    <i>oderint dum metuant</i>; he used no allurements of gentle language, but
+    wished to compel rather than persuade.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, viii. 288.
+    See <i>ante</i>, ii. 36, and iv. 46.
+</p>
+<hr>
+<a name="2HAPP97"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    APPENDIX B.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    (<i>Page</i> 158.)
+</p>
+<p>
+    Johnson's Ode written in Sky was thus translated by Lord
+    Houghton:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Where constant mist enshrouds the rocks,
+      Shattered in earth's primeval shocks,
+      And niggard Nature ever mocks
+                The labourer's toil,
+      I roam through clans of savage men,
+      Untamed by arts, untaught by pen;
+      Or cower within some squalid den
+                O'er reeking soil.
+
+      Through paths that halt from stone to stone,
+      Amid the din of tongues unknown,
+      One image haunts my soul alone,
+                Thine, gentle Thrale!
+      Soothes she, I ask, her spouse's care?
+      Does mother-love its charge prepare?
+      Stores she her mind with knowledge rare,
+                Or lively tale?
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+Forget me not! thy faith I claim,
+      Holding a faith that cannot die,
+      That fills with thy benignant name
+                These shores of Sky.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Hayward's <i>Piozzi</i>, i. 29.
+</p>
+<hr>
+<a name="2HAPP98"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    APPENDIX C.
+</h2>
+<p>
+    (<i>Page</i> 307.)
+</p>
+<p>
+    Johnson's use of the word <i>big</i>, where he says 'I wish thy books were
+    twice as big,' enables me to explain a passage in <i>The Life of Johnson
+    (ante</i>, iii. 348) which had long puzzled me. Boswell there represents
+    him as saying:&mdash;'A man who loses at play, or who runs out his fortune at
+    court, makes his estate less, in hopes of making it <i>bigger</i>.' Boswell
+    adds in a parenthesis:&mdash;'I am sure of this word, which was often used by
+    him.' He had been criticised by a writer in the <i>Gent. Mag</i>. 1785, p.
+    968, who quoting from the text the words 'a <i>big</i> book,' says:&mdash;'Mr.
+    Boswell has made his friend (as in a few other passages) guilty of a
+    <i>Scotticism</i>. An Englishman reads and writes a <i>large</i> book, and wears a
+    <i>great</i> (not a <i>big</i> or <i>bag</i>) coat.' When Boswell came to publish <i>The
+    Life of Johnson</i>, he took the opportunity to justify himself, though he
+    did not care to refer directly to his anonymous critic. This
+    explanation I discovered too late to insert in the text.
+</p>
+<a name="2H_4_99"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    A JOURNEY
+</h2>
+<center>
+    INTO
+</center>
+<center>
+    NORTH WALES,
+</center>
+<center>
+    IN
+</center>
+<center>
+    THE YEAR 1774.<a href="#note-1160">[1160]</a>
+</center>
+<center>
+    TUESDAY, JULY 5.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We left Streatham 11 a.m.
+    Price of four horses 2s. a mile.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 6.
+</center>
+<p>
+    Barnet 1.40 p.m.
+    On the road I read Tully's <i>Epistles</i>.
+    At night at Dunstable.
+    To Lichfield, 83 miles.
+    To the Swan<a href="#note-1161">[1161]</a>.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 7.
+</center>
+<p>
+    To Mrs. Porter's<a href="#note-1162">[1162]</a>.
+    To the Cathedral.
+    To Mrs. Aston's.
+    To Mr. Green's.
+    Mr. Green's Museum was much admired, and
+    Mr. Newton's china.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 8.
+</center>
+<p>
+    To Mr. Newton's. To Mrs. Cobb's.
+    Dr. Darwin's<a href="#note-1163">[1163]</a>. I went again to Mrs. Aston's. She was sorry to part.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 9.
+</center>
+<p>
+    Breakfasted at Mr. Garrick's.
+    Visited Miss Vyse<a href="#note-1164">[1164]</a>.
+    Miss Seward.
+    Went to Dr. Taylor's.
+    I read a little on the road in Tully's <i>Epistles</i> and <i>Martial</i>.
+    Mart. 8th, 44, 'lino pro limo<a href="#note-1165">[1165]</a>.'
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 10.
+</center>
+<p>
+    Morning, at church. Company at dinner.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 11.
+</center>
+<p>
+    At Ham<a href="#note-1166">[1166]</a>. At Oakover. I was less pleased with Ham than when I saw it
+    first, but my friends were much delighted.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 12.
+</center>
+<p>
+    At Chatsworth. The Water willow. The cascade shot out from many spouts.
+    The fountains<a href="#note-1167">[1167]</a>. The water tree[1168]. The smooth floors in the
+    highest rooms. Atlas, fifteen hands inch and half<a href="#note-1169">[1169]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    River running through the park. The porticoes on the sides support two
+    galleries for the first floor.
+</p>
+<p>
+    My friends were not struck with the house. It fell below my ideas of the
+    furniture. The staircase is in the corner of the house. The hall in the
+    corner the grandest room, though only a room of passage.
+</p>
+<p>
+    On the ground-floor, only the chapel and breakfast-room, and a small
+    library; the rest, servants' rooms and offices<a href="#note-1170">[1170]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    A bad inn.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 13.
+</center>
+<p>
+    At Matlock.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 14.
+</center>
+<p>
+    At dinner at Oakover; too deaf to hear, or much converse. Mrs. Gell.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The chapel at Oakover. The wood of the pews grossly painted. I could not
+    read the epitaph. Would learn the old hands.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 15.
+</center>
+<p>
+    At Ashbourn. Mrs. Diot and her daughters came in the morning. Mr. Diot
+    dined with us. We visited Mr. Flint.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     [Greek: To proton Moros, to de deuteron ei en Erasmos,
+     To triton ek Mouson stemma Mikullos echei.][1171]
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<center>
+    JULY 16.
+</center>
+<p>
+    At Dovedale, with Mr. Langley<a href="#note-1172">[1172]</a> and Mr. Flint. It is a place that
+    deserves a visit; but did not answer my expectation. The river is small,
+    the rocks are grand. Reynard's Hall is a cave very high in the rock; it
+    goes backward several yards, perhaps eight. To the left is a small
+    opening, through which I crept, and found another cavern, perhaps four
+    yards square; at the back was a breach yet smaller, which I could not
+    easily have entered, and, wanting light, did not inspect.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I was in a cave yet higher, called Reynard's Kitchen. There is a rock
+    called the Church, in which I saw no resemblance that could justify
+    the name.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dovedale is about two miles long. We walked towards the head of the
+    Dove, which is said to rise about five miles above two caves called the
+    Dog-holes, at the end of Dovedale.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In one place, where the rocks approached, I proposed to build an arch
+    from rock to rock over the stream, with a summer-house upon it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The water murmured pleasantly among the stones.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I thought that the heat and exercise mended my hearing. I bore the
+    fatigue of the walk, which was very laborious, without inconvenience.
+</p>
+<p>
+    There were with us Gilpin<a href="#note-1173">[1173]</a> and Parker[1174]. Having heard of this
+    place before, I had formed some imperfect idea, to which it did not
+    answer. Brown<a href="#note-1175">[1175]</a> says he was disappointed. I certainly expected a
+    larger river where I found only a clear quick brook. I believe I had
+    imaged a valley enclosed by rocks, and terminated by a broad expanse
+    of water.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He that has seen Dovedale has no need to visit the Highlands.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the afternoon we visited old Mrs. Dale.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 17.
+</center>
+<p>
+    Sunday morning, at church.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Afternoon, at Mr. Diot's.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 18.
+</center>
+<p>
+    Dined at Mr. Gell's<a href="#note-1176">[1176]</a>.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 19.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We went to Kedleston<a href="#note-1177">[1177]</a> to see Lord Scarsdale's new house, which is
+    very costly, but ill contrived. The hall is very stately, lighted by
+    three skylights; it has two rows of marble pillars, dug, as I hear from
+    Langley, in a quarry of Northamptonshire; the pillars are very large and
+    massy, and take up too much room; they were better away. Behind the hall
+    is a circular saloon, useless, and therefore ill contrived.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The corridors that join the wings to the body are mere passages through
+    segments of circles. The state bed-chamber was very richly furnished.
+    The dining parlour was more splendid with gilt plate than any that I
+    have seen. There were many pictures. The grandeur was all below. The
+    bedchambers were small, low, dark, and fitter for a prison than a house
+    of splendour. The kitchen has an opening into the gallery, by which its
+    heat and its fumes are dispersed over the house. There seemed in the
+    whole more cost than judgment.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We went then to the silk mill at Derby<a href="#note-1178">[1178]</a>, where I remarked a
+    particular manner of propagating motion from a horizontal to a
+    vertical wheel.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We were desired to leave the men only two shillings. Mr. Thrale's bill
+    at the inn for dinner was eighteen shillings and tenpence.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At night I went to Mr. Langley's, Mrs. Wood's, Captain Astle, &amp;c.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 20.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We left Ashbourn and went to Buxton, thence to Pool's Hole, which is
+    narrow at first, but then rises into a high arch; but is so obstructed
+    with crags, that it is difficult to walk in it. There are two ways to
+    the end, which is, they say, six hundred and fifty yards from the mouth.
+    They take passengers up the higher way, and bring them back the lower.
+    The higher way was so difficult and dangerous, that, having tried it, I
+    desisted. I found no level part.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At night we came to Macclesfield, a very large town in Cheshire, little
+    known. It has a silk mill: it has a handsome church, which, however, is
+    but a chapel, for the town belongs to some parish of another name<a href="#note-1179">[1179]</a>,
+    as Stourbridge lately did to Old Swinford.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Macclesfield has a town-hall, and is, I suppose, a corporate town.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 21.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We came to Congleton, where there is likewise a silk mill. Then to
+    Middlewich, a mean old town, without any manufacture, but, I think, a
+    Corporation. Thence we proceeded to Namptwich, an old town: from the
+    inn, I saw scarcely any but black timber houses. I tasted the brine
+    water, which contains much more salt than the sea water. By slow
+    evaporation, they make large crystals of salt; by quick boiling, small
+    granulations. It seemed to have no other preparation.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At evening we came to Combermere<a href="#note-1180">[1180]</a>, so called from a wide lake.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 22.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We went upon the Mere. I pulled a bulrush of about ten feet. I saw no
+    convenient boats upon the Mere.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 23.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We visited Lord Kilmorey's house<a href="#note-1181">[1181]</a>. It is large and convenient, with
+    many rooms, none of which are magnificently spacious. The furniture was
+    not splendid. The bed-curtains were guarded<a href="#note-1182">[1182]</a>. Lord Kilmorey shewed
+    the place with too much exultation. He has no park, and little
+    water<a href="#note-1183">[1183]</a>.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 24.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We went to a chapel, built by Sir Lynch Cotton for his tenants. It is
+    consecrated, and therefore, I suppose, endowed. It is neat and plain.
+    The Communion plate is handsome. It has iron pales and gates of great
+    elegance, brought from Lleweney, 'for Robert has laid all open<a href="#note-1184">[1184]</a>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    We saw Hawkestone, the seat of Sir Rowland Hill, and were conducted by
+    Miss Hill over a large tract of rocks and woods; a region abounding with
+    striking scenes and terrifick grandeur. We were always on the brink of a
+    precipice, or at the foot of a lofty rock; but the steeps were seldom
+    naked: in many places, oaks of uncommon magnitude shot up from the
+    crannies of stone; and where there were not tall trees, there were
+    underwoods and bushes.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Round the rocks is a narrow patch cut upon the stone, which is very
+    frequently hewn into steps; but art has proceeded no further than to
+    make the succession of wonders safely accessible. The whole circuit is
+    somewhat laborious; it is terminated by a grotto cut in a rock to a
+    great extent, with many windings, and supported by pillars, not hewn
+    into regularity, but such as imitate the sports of nature, by asperities
+    and protuberances.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The place is without any dampness, and would afford an habitation not
+    uncomfortable. There were from space to space seats in the rock. Though
+    it wants water, it excels Dovedale by the extent of its prospects, the
+    awfulness of its shades, the horrors of its precipices, the verdure of
+    its hollows, and the loftiness of its rocks: the ideas which it forces
+    upon the mind are, the sublime, the dreadful, and the vast. Above is
+    inaccessible altitude, below is horrible profundity. But it excels the
+    garden of Ilam only in extent.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Ilam has grandeur, tempered with softness; the walker congratulates his
+    own arrival at the place, and is grieved to think that he must ever
+    leave it. As he looks up to the rocks, his thoughts are elevated; as he
+    turns his eyes on the vallies, he is composed and soothed.
+</p>
+<p>
+    He that mounts the precipices at Hawkestone, wonders how he came
+    thither, and doubts how he shall return. His walk is an adventure, and
+    his departure an escape. He has not the tranquillity, but the horror, of
+    solitude; a kind of turbulent pleasure, between fright and admiration.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Ilam is the fit abode of pastoral virtue, and might properly diffuse its
+    shades over Nymphs and Swains. Hawkestone can have no fitter inhabitants
+    than giants of mighty bone and bold emprise<a href="#note-1185">[1185]</a>; men of lawless
+    courage and heroic violence. Hawkestone should be described by Milton,
+    and Ilam by Parnel.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Miss Hill shewed the whole succession of wonders with great civility.
+    The house was magnificent, compared with the rank of the owner.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 26.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We left Combermere, where we have been treated with great civility. Sir
+    L. is gross, the lady weak and ignorant. The house is spacious, but not
+    magnificent; built at different times, with different materials; part is
+    of timber, part of stone or brick, plastered and painted to look like
+    timber. It is the best house that I ever saw of that kind.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The Mere, or Lake, is large, with a small island, on which there is a
+    summer-house, shaded with great trees; some were hollow, and have seats
+    in their trunks.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the afternoon we came to West-Chester; (my father went to the fair,
+    when I had the small-pox). We walked round the walls, which are
+    compleat, and contain one mile three quarters, and one hundred and one
+    yards; within them are many gardens: they are very high, and two may
+    walk very commodiously side by side. On the inside is a rail. There are
+    towers from space to space, not very frequent, and, I think, not all
+    compleat<a href="#note-1186">[1186]</a>.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 27.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We staid at Chester and saw the Cathedral, which is not of the first
+    rank. The Castle. In one of the rooms the Assizes are held, and the
+    refectory of the Old Abbey, of which part is a grammar school. The
+    master seemed glad to see me. The cloister is very solemn; over it are
+    chambers in which the singing men live.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In one part of the street was a subterranean arch, very strongly built;
+    in another, what they called, I believe rightly, a Roman hypocaust.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Chester has many curiosities.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 28.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We entered Wales, dined at Mold, and came to Lleweney<a href="#note-1187">[1187]</a>.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 29.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We were at Lleweney.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the lawn at Lleweney is a spring of fine water, which rises above the
+    surface into a stone basin, from which it runs to waste, in a continual
+    stream, through a pipe.
+</p>
+<p>
+    There are very large trees.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The Hall at Lleweney is forty feet long, and twenty-eight broad. The
+    gallery one hundred and twenty feet long, (all paved.) The Library
+    forty-two feet long, and twenty-eight broad. The Dining-parlours
+    thirty-six feet long, and twenty-six broad.
+</p>
+<p>
+    It is partly sashed, and partly has casements.
+</p>
+<center>
+    JULY 30.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We went to Bâch y Graig, where we found an old house, built 1567, in an
+    uncommon and incommodious form. My Mistress<a href="#note-1188">[1188]</a> chattered about
+    tiring, but I prevailed on her to go to the top. The floors have been
+    stolen: the windows are stopped.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The house was less than I seemed to expect; the river Clwyd is a brook
+    with a bridge of one arch, about one third of a mile.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The woods<a href="#note-1189">[1189]</a> have many trees, generally young; but some which seem to
+    decay. They have been lopped. The house never had a garden. The addition
+    of another story would make an useful house, but it cannot be great.
+    Some buildings which Clough, the founder, intended for warehouses, would
+    make store-chambers and servants' rooms<a href="#note-1190">[1190]</a>. The ground seems to be
+    good. I wish it well.
+</p>
+<p>
+    JULY 31.  We went to church at St. Asaph. The Cathedral, though not
+    large, has something of dignity and grandeur. The cross aisle is very
+    short. It has scarcely any monuments. The Quire has, I think, thirty-two
+    stalls of antique workmanship. On the backs were CANONICUS, PREBEND,
+    CANCELLARIUS, THESAURARIUS, PRAECENTOR. The constitution I do not know,
+    but it has all the usual titles and dignities. The service was sung only
+    in the Psalms and Hymns.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The Bishop was very civil<a href="#note-1191">[1191]</a>. We went to his palace, which is but
+    mean. They have a library, and design a room. There lived Lloyd<a href="#note-1192">[1192]</a>
+    and Dodwell<a href="#note-1193">[1193]</a>.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 1.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We visited Denbigh, and the remains of its Castle.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The town consists of one main street, and some that cross it, which I
+    have not seen. The chief street ascends with a quick rise for a great
+    length: the houses are built, some with rough stone, some with brick,
+    and a few are of timber.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The Castle, with its whole enclosure, has been a prodigious pile; it is
+    now so ruined, that the form of the inhabited part cannot easily
+    be traced.
+</p>
+<p>
+    There are, as in all old buildings, said to be extensive vaults, which
+    the ruins of the upper works cover and conceal, but into which boys
+    sometimes find a way. To clear all passages, and trace the whole of what
+    remains, would require much labour and expense. We saw a Church, which
+    was once the Chapel of the Castle, but is used by the town: it is
+    dedicated to St. Hilary, and has an income of about&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    At a small distance is the ruin of a Church said to have been begun by
+    the great Earl of Leicester<a href="#note-1194">[1194]</a>, and left unfinished at his death. One
+    side, and I think the east end, are yet standing. There was a stone in
+    the wall, over the door-way, which it was said would fall and crush the
+    best scholar in the diocese. One Price would not pass under it<a href="#note-1195">[1195]</a>.
+    They have taken it down.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We then saw the Chapel of Lleweney, founded by one of the Salusburies:
+    it is very compleat: the monumental stones lie in the ground. A chimney
+    has been added to it, but it is otherwise not much injured, and might be
+    easily repaired.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We went to the parish Church of Denbigh, which, being near a mile from
+    the town, is only used when the parish officers are chosen.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the Chapel, on Sundays, the service is read thrice, the second time
+    only in English, the first and third in Welsh. The Bishop came to survey
+    the Castle, and visited likewise St. Hilary's Chapel, which is that
+    which the town uses. The hay-barn, built with brick pillars from space
+    to space, and covered with a roof. A more<a href="#note-1196">[1196]</a> elegant and lofty Hovel.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The rivers here, are mere torrents which are suddenly swelled by the
+    rain to great breadth and great violence, but have very little constant
+    stream; such are the Clwyd and the Elwy. There are yet no mountains. The
+    ground is beautifully embellished with woods, and diversified by
+    inequalities.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the parish church of Denbigh is a bas relief of Lloyd the antiquary,
+    who was before Camden. He is kneeling at his prayers<a href="#note-1197">[1197]</a>.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 2.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We rode to a summer-house of Mr. Cotton, which has a very extensive
+    prospect; it is meanly built, and unskilfully disposed.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We went to Dymerchion Church, where the old clerk acknowledged his
+    Mistress. It is the parish church of Bâch y Graig. A mean fabrick: Mr.
+    Salusbury<a href="#note-1198">[1198]</a> was buried in it. Bâch y Graig has fourteen seats
+    in it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    As we rode by, I looked at the house again. We saw Llannerch, a house
+    not mean, with a small park very well watered. There was an avenue of
+    oaks, which, in a foolish compliance with the present mode, has been cut
+    down<a href="#note-1199">[1199]</a>. A few are yet standing. The owner's name is Davies.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The way lay through pleasant lanes, and overlooked a region beautifully
+    diversified with trees and grass<a href="#note-1200">[1200]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At Dymerchion Church there is English service only once a month. This is
+    about twenty miles from the English border.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The old clerk had great appearance of joy at the sight of his Mistress,
+    and foolishly said, that he was now willing to die. He had only a crown
+    given him by my Mistress<a href="#note-1201">[1201]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At Dymerchion Church the texts on the walls are in Welsh.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 3.
+</center>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     We went in the coach to Holywell.
+     Talk with Mistress about flattery<a href="#note-1202">[1202]</a>.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Holywell is a market town, neither very small nor mean. The spring
+    called Winifred's Well is very clear, and so copious, that it yields one
+    hundred tuns of water in a minute. It is all at once a very great
+    stream, which, within perhaps thirty yards of its eruption, turns a
+    mill, and in a course of two miles, eighteen mills more. In descent, it
+    is very quick. It then falls into the sea. The well is covered by a
+    lofty circular arch, supported by pillars; and over this arch is an old
+    chapel, now a school. The chancel is separated by a wall. The bath is
+    completely and indecently open. A woman bathed while we all looked on.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the Church, which makes a good appearance, and is surrounded by
+    galleries to receive a numerous congregation, we were present while a
+    child was christened in Welsh.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We went down by the stream to see a prospect, in which I had no part. We
+    then saw a brass work, where the lapis calaminaris<a href="#note-1203">[1203]</a> is gathered,
+    broken, washed from the earth and the lead, though how the lead was
+    separated I did not see; then calcined, afterwards ground fine, and then
+    mixed by fire with the copper.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We saw several strong fires with melting pots, but the construction of
+    the fire-places I did not learn.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At a copper-work which receives its pigs of copper, I think, from
+    Warrington, we saw a plate of copper put hot between steel rollers, and
+    spread thin; I know not whether the upper roller was set to a certain
+    distance, as I suppose, or acted only by its weight.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At an iron-work I saw round bars formed by a knotched hammer and anvil.
+    There I saw a bar of about half an inch, or more, square cut with shears
+    worked by water, and then beaten hot into a thinner bar. The hammers all
+    worked, as they were, by water, acting upon small bodies, moved very
+    quick, as quick as by the hand.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I then saw wire drawn, and gave a shilling. I have enlarged my
+    notions<a href="#note-1204">[1204]</a>, though not being able to see the movements, and having
+    not time to peep closely, I know less than I might. I was less weary,
+    and had better breath, as I walked farther.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 4.
+</center>
+<p>
+    Ruthin Castle is still a very noble ruin; all the walls still remain, so
+    that a compleat platform, and elevations, not very imperfect, may be
+    taken. It encloses a square of about thirty yards. The middle space was
+    always open.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The wall is, I believe, about thirty feet high, very thick, flanked with
+    six round towers, each about eighteen feet, or less, in diameter. Only
+    one tower had a chimney, so that there was<a href="#note-1205">[1205]</a> commodity of living. It
+    was only a place of strength. The garrison had, perhaps, tents in
+    the area.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Stapylton's house is pretty<a href="#note-1206">[1206]</a>: there are pleasing shades about it,
+    with a constant spring that supplies a cold bath. We then went to see
+    a Cascade.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I trudged unwillingly, and was not sorry to find it dry. The water was,
+    however, turned on, and produced a very striking cataract. They are paid
+    an hundred pounds a year for permission to divert the stream to the
+    mines. The river, for such it may be termed<a href="#note-1207">[1207]</a>, rises from a single
+    spring, which, like that of Winifred's, is covered with a building.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We called then at another house belonging to Mr. Lloyd, which made a
+    handsome appearance. This country seems full of very splendid houses.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mrs. Thrale lost her purse. She expressed so much uneasiness, that I
+    concluded the sum to be very great; but when I heard of only seven
+    guineas, I was glad to find that she had so much sensibility of money.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I could not drink this day either coffee or tea after dinner. I know not
+    when I missed before.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 5.
+</center>
+<p>
+    Last night my sleep was remarkably quiet. I know not whether by fatigue
+    in walking, or by forbearance of tea<a href="#note-1208">[1208]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I gave the ipecacuanha<a href="#note-1209">[1209]</a>. Vin. emet. had failed; so had tartar emet.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I dined at Mr. Myddleton's, of Gwaynynog. The house was a gentleman's
+    house, below the second rate, perhaps below the third, built of stone
+    roughly cut. The rooms were low, and the passage above stairs gloomy,
+    but the furniture was good. The table was well supplied, except that the
+    fruit was bad. It was truly the dinner of a country gentleman. Two
+    tables were filled with company, not inelegant.
+</p>
+<p>
+    After dinner, the talk was of preserving the Welsh language. I offered
+    them a scheme. Poor Evan Evans was mentioned, as incorrigibly addicted
+    to strong drink. Worthington<a href="#note-1210">[1210]</a> was commended. Myddleton is the only
+    man, who, in Wales, has talked to me of literature. I wish he were truly
+    zealous. I recommended the republication of David ap Rhees's
+    Welsh Grammar.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Two sheets of <i>Hebrides</i> came to me for correction to-day, F.G.<a href="#note-1211">[1211]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 6.
+</center>
+<p>
+    I corrected the two sheets. My sleep last night was disturbed.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Washing at Chester and here, 5<i>s</i>. 1<i>d</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I did not read.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I saw to-day more of the out-houses at Lleweney. It is, in the whole, a
+    very spacious house.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 7.
+</center>
+<p>
+    I was at Church at Bodfari. There was a service used for a sick woman,
+    not canonically, but such as I have heard, I think, formerly at
+    Lichfield, taken out of the visitation.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The Church is mean, but has a square tower for the bells, rather too
+    stately for the Church.
+</p>
+<center>
+    OBSERVATIONS.
+</center>
+<p>
+    Dixit injustus, Ps. 36, has no relation to the English<a href="#note-1212">[1212]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Preserve us, Lord, has the name of Robert Wisedome, 1618.&mdash;Barker's
+    <i>Bible</i><a href="#note-1213">[1213]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Battologiam ab iteratione, recte distinguit Erasmus.&mdash;<i>Mod. Orandi
+    Deum</i>, p. 56-144<a href="#note-1214">[1214]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Southwell's Thoughts of his own death<a href="#note-1215">[1215]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Baudius on Erasmus<a href="#note-1216">[1216]</a>.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 8.
+</center>
+<p>
+    The Bishop and much company dined at Lleweney. Talk of Greek&mdash;and of the
+    army<a href="#note-1217">[1217]</a>. The Duke of Marlborough's officers useless. Read
+    <i>Phocylidis</i><a href="#note-1218">[1218]</a>, distinguished the paragraphs. I looked in Leland: an
+    unpleasant book of mere hints.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Lichfield School, ten pounds; and five pounds from the Hospital<a href="#note-1219">[1219]</a>.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 10.
+</center>
+<p>
+    At Lloyd's, of Maesmynnan; a good house, and a very large walled garden.
+    I read Windus's Account of his <i>Journey to Mequinez</i>, and of Stewart's
+    Embassy<a href="#note-1220">[1220]</a>. I had read in the morning Wasse's <i>Greek Trochaics to
+    Bentley</i>. They appeared inelegant, and made with difficulty. The Latin
+    Elegy contains only common-place, hastily expressed, so far as I have
+    read, for it is long. They seem to be the verses of a scholar, who has
+    no practice of writing. The Greek I did not always fully understand. I
+    am in doubt about the sixth and last paragraphs, perhaps they are not
+    printed right, for [Greek: eutokon] perhaps [Greek: eustochon.] q?
+</p>
+<p>
+    The following days I read here and there. The <i>Bibliotheca Literaria</i>
+    was so little supplied with papers that could interest curiosity, that
+    it could not hope for long continuance<a href="#note-1221">[1221]</a>. Wasse, the chief
+    contributor, was an unpolished scholar, who, with much literature, had
+    no art or elegance of diction, at least in English.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 14.
+</center>
+<p>
+    At Bodfari I heard the second lesson read, and the sermon preached in
+    Welsh. The text was pronounced both in Welsh and English. The sound of
+    the Welsh, in a continued discourse, is not unpleasant.
+</p>
+<p>
+    [Greek: Brosis oligae][1222].
+</p>
+<p>
+    The letter of Chrysostom, against transubstantiation. Erasmus to the
+    Nuns, full of mystick notions and allegories.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 15.
+</center>
+<p>
+    Imbecillitas genuum non sine aliquantulo doloris inter ambulandum quem a
+    prandio magis sensi<a href="#note-1223">[1223]</a>.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 18.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We left Lleweney, and went forwards on our journey.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We came to Abergeley, a mean town, in which little but Welsh is spoken,
+    and divine service is seldom performed in English.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Our way then lay to the sea-side, at the foot of a mountain, called
+    Penmaen Rhôs. Here the way was so steep, that we walked on the lower
+    edge of the hill, to meet the coach, that went upon a road higher on the
+    hill. Our walk was not long, nor unpleasant: the longer I walk, the less
+    I feel its inconvenience. As I grow warm, my breath mends, and I think
+    my limbs grow pliable.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We then came to Conway Ferry, and passed in small boats, with some
+    passengers from the stage coach, among whom were an Irish gentlewoman,
+    with two maids, and three little children, of which, the youngest was
+    only a few months old. The tide did not serve the large ferry-boat, and
+    therefore our coach could not very soon follow us. We were, therefore,
+    to stay at the Inn. It is now the day of the Race at Conway, and the
+    town was so full of company, that no money could purchase lodgings. We
+    were not very readily supplied with cold dinner. We would have staid at
+    Conway if we could have found entertainment, for we were afraid of
+    passing Penmaen Mawr, over which lay our way to Bangor, but by bright
+    daylight, and the delay of our coach made our departure necessarily
+    late. There was, however, no stay on any other terms, than of sitting up
+    all night.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The poor Irish lady was still more distressed. Her children wanted rest.
+    She would have been content with one bed, but, for a time, none could be
+    had. Mrs. Thrale gave her what help she could. At last two gentlemen
+    were persuaded to yield up their room, with two beds, for which she gave
+    half a guinea. Our coach was at last brought, and we set out with some
+    anxiety, but we came to Penmaen Mawr by daylight; and found a way,
+    lately made, very easy, and very safe.<a href="#note-1224">[1224]</a> It was cut smooth, and
+    enclosed between parallel walls; the outer of which secures the
+    passenger from the precipice, which is deep and dreadful. This wall is
+    here and there broken, by mischievous wantonness.<a href="#note-1225">[1225]</a> The inner wall
+    preserves the road from the loose stones, which the shattered steep
+    above it would pour down. That side of the mountain seems to have a
+    surface of loose stones, which every accident may crumble. The old road
+    was higher, and must have been very formidable. The sea beats at the
+    bottom of the way.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At evening the moon shone eminently bright; and our thoughts of danger
+    being now past, the rest of our journey was very pleasant. At an hour
+    somewhat late, we came to Bangor, where we found a very mean inn, and
+    had some difficulty to obtain lodging. I lay in a room, where the other
+    bed had two men.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 19.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We obtained boats to convey us to Anglesey, and saw Lord Bulkeley's
+    House, and Beaumaris Castle.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I was accosted by Mr. Lloyd, the Schoolmaster of Beaumaris, who had seen
+    me at University College; and he, with Mr. Roberts, the Register of
+    Bangor, whose boat we borrowed, accompanied us. Lord Bulkeley's house
+    is very mean, but his garden garden is spacious, and shady with large
+    trees and smaller interspersed. The walks are straight, and cross each
+    other, with no variety of plan; but they have a pleasing coolness, and
+    solemn gloom, and extend to a great length.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The castle is a mighty pile; the outward wall has fifteen round towers,
+    besides square towers at the angles. There is then a void space between
+    the wall and the Castle, which has an area enclosed with a wall, which
+    again has towers, larger than those of the outer wall. The towers of the
+    inner Castle are, I think, eight. There is likewise a Chapel entire,
+    built upon an arch as I suppose, and beautifully arched with a stone
+    roof, which is yet unbroken. The entrance into the Chapel is about eight
+    or nine feet high, and was, I suppose, higher, when there was no rubbish
+    in the area.
+</p>
+<p>
+    This Castle corresponds with all the representations of romancing
+    narratives. Here is not wanting the private passage, the dark cavity,
+    the deep dungeon, or the lofty tower. We did not discover the Well. This
+    is the most compleat view that I have yet had of an old Castle.<a href="#note-1226">[1226]</a> It
+    had a moat.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The Towers.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We went to Bangor.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 20.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We went by water from Bangor to Caernarvon, where we met Paoli and Sir
+    Thomas Wynne. Meeting by chance with one Troughton,<a href="#note-1227">[1227]</a> an intelligent
+    and loquacious wanderer, Mr. Thrale invited him to dinner. He attended
+    us to the Castle, an edifice of stupendous magnitude and strength; it
+    has in it all that we observed at Beaumaris, and much greater
+    dimensions: many of the smaller rooms floored with stone are entire; of
+    the larger rooms, the beams and planks are all left: this is the state
+    of all buildings left to time. We mounted the Eagle Tower by one hundred
+    and sixty-nine steps, each of ten inches. We did not find the Well; nor
+    did I trace the Moat; but moats there were, I believe, to all castles on
+    the plain, which not only hindered access, but prevented mines. We saw
+    but a very small part of this mighty ruin, and in all these old
+    buildings, the subterraneous works are concealed by the rubbish.
+</p>
+<p>
+    To survey this place would take much time: I did not think there had
+    been such buildings; it surpassed my ideas.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 21.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We were at Church; the service in the town is always English; at the
+    parish Church at a small distance, always Welsh. The town has by
+    degrees, I suppose, been brought nearer to the sea side.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We received an invitation to Dr. Worthington. We then went to dinner at
+    Sir Thomas Wynne's,&mdash;the dinner mean, Sir Thomas civil, his Lady
+    nothing.<a href="#note-1228">[1228]</a> Paoli civil.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We supped with Colonel Wynne's Lady, who lives in one of the towers of
+    the Castle.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I have not been very well.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 22.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We went to visit Bodville, the place where Mrs. Thrale was born; and the
+    Churches called Tydweilliog and Llangwinodyl, which she holds by
+    impropriation.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We had an invitation to the house of Mr. Griffiths of Bryn o dol, where
+    we found a small neat new built house, with square rooms: the walls are
+    of unhewn stone, and therefore thick; for the stones not fitting with
+    exactness, are not strong without great thickness. He had planted a
+    great deal of young wood in walks. Fruit trees do not thrive; but having
+    grown a few years, reach some barren stratum and wither.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We found Mr. Griffiths not at home; but the provisions were good. Mr.
+    Griffiths came home the next day. He married a lady who has a house and
+    estate at [Llanver], over against Anglesea, and near Caernarvon, where
+    she is more disposed, as it seems, to reside than at Bryn o dol.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I read Lloyd's account of Mona, which he proves to be Anglesea.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In our way to Bryn o dol, we saw at Llanerk a Church built crosswise,
+    very spacious and magnificent for this country. We could not see the
+    Parson, and could get no intelligence about it.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 24.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We went to see Bodville. Mrs. Thrale remembered the rooms, and wandered
+    over them with recollection of her childhood. This species of pleasure
+    is always melancholy. The walk was cut down, and the pond was dry.
+    Nothing was better.<a href="#note-1229">[1229]</a>
+</p>
+<p>
+    We surveyed the Churches, which are mean, and neglected to a degree
+    scarcely imaginable. They have no pavement, and the earth is full of
+    holes. The seats are rude benches; the Altars have no rails. One of them
+    has a breach in the roof. On the desk, I think, of each lay a folio
+    Welsh Bible of the black letter, which the curate cannot easily
+    read.<a href="#note-1230">[1230]</a>
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Thrale purposes to beautify the Churches, and if he prospers, will
+    probably restore the tithes. The two parishes are, Llangwinodyl and
+    Tydweilliog.<a href="#note-1231">[1231]</a> The Methodists are here very prevalent. A better
+    church will impress the people with more reverence of publick worship.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mrs. Thrale visited a house where she had been used to drink milk, which
+    was left, with an estate of two hundred pounds a year, by one Lloyd, to
+    a married woman who lived with him.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We went to Pwllheli, a mean old town, at the extremity of the country.
+    Here we bought something, to remember the place.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 25.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We returned to Caernarvon, where we ate with Mrs. Wynne.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 26.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We visited, with Mrs. Wynne, Llyn Badarn and Llyn Beris, two lakes,
+    joined by a narrow strait. They are formed by the waters which fall from
+    Snowdon and the opposite mountains. On the side of Snowdon are the
+    remains of a large fort, to which we climbed with great labour. I was
+    breathless and harassed. The Lakes have no great breadth, so that the
+    boat is always near one bank or the other.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>Note</i>. Queeny's goats, one hundred and forty-nine, I think.<a href="#note-1232">[1232]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 27.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We returned to Bangor, where Mr. Thrale was lodged at Mr. Roberts's, the
+    Register.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 28.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We went to worship at the Cathedral. The quire is mean, the service was
+    not well read.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 29.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We came to Mr. Myddelton's, of Gwaynynog, to the first place, as my
+    Mistress observed, where we have been welcome.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>Note</i>. On the day when we visited Bodville, we turned to the house of
+    Mr. Griffiths, of Kefnamwycllh, a gentleman of large fortune, remarkable
+    for having made great and sudden improvements in his seat and estate. He
+    has enclosed a large garden with a brick wall. He is considered as a man
+    of great accomplishments. He was educated in literature at the
+    University, and served some time in the army, then quitted his
+    commission, and retired to his lands. He is accounted a good man, and
+    endeavours to bring the people to church.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In our way from Bangor to Conway, we passed again the new road upon the
+    edge of Penmaen Mawr, which would be very tremendous, but that the wall
+    shuts out the idea of danger. In the wall are several breaches, made, as
+    Mr. Thrale very reasonably conjectures, by fragments of rocks which roll
+    down the mountain, broken perhaps by frost, or worn through by rain.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We then viewed Conway.
+</p>
+<p>
+    To spare the horses at Penmaen Rhôs, between Conway and St. Asaph, we
+    sent the coach over the road across the mountain with Mrs. Thrale, who
+    had been tired with a walk sometime before; and I, with Mr. Thrale and
+    Miss, walked along the edge, where the path is very narrow, and much
+    encumbered by little loose stones, which had fallen down, as we thought,
+    upon the way since we passed it before.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At Conway we took a short survey of the Castle, which afforded us
+    nothing new. It is larger than that of Beaumaris, and less than that of
+    Caernarvon. It is built upon a rock so high and steep, that it is even
+    now very difficult of access. We found a round pit, which was called the
+    Well; it is now almost filled, and therefore dry. We found the Well in
+    no other castle. There are some remains of leaden pipes at Caernarvon,
+    which, I suppose, only conveyed water from one part of the building to
+    another. Had the garrison had no other supply, the Welsh, who must know
+    where the pipes were laid, could easily have cut them.
+</p>
+<center>
+    AUGUST 29.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We came to the house of Mr. Myddelton, (on Monday,) where we staid to
+    September 6, and were very kindly entertained. How we spent our time, I
+    am not very able to tell<a href="#note-1233">[1233]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We saw the wood, which is diversified and romantick.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 4, SUNDAY.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We dined with Mr. Myddelton, the clergyman, at Denbigh, where I saw the
+    harvest-men very decently dressed, after the afternoon service, standing
+    to be hired. On other days, they stand at about four in the morning.
+    They are hired from day to day.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 6.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We lay at Wrexham; a busy, extensive, and well built town. It has a very
+    large and magnificent Church. It has a famous fair.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 7.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We came to Chirk Castle.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 8, THURSDAY.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We came to the house of Dr. Worthington<a href="#note-1234">[1234]</a>, at Llanrhaiadr. Our
+    entertainment was poor, though his house was not bad. The situation is
+    very pleasant, by the side of a small river, of which the bank rises
+    high on the other side, shaded by gradual rows of trees. The gloom, the
+    stream, and the silence, generate thoughtfulness.  The town is old, and
+    very mean, but has, I think, a market. In this house, the Welsh
+    translation of the Old Testament was made. The Welsh singing Psalms were
+    written by Archdeacon Price. They are not considered as elegant, but as
+    very literal, and accurate.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We came to Llanrhaiadr, through Oswestry; a town not very little, nor
+    very mean. The church, which I saw only at a distance, seems to be an
+    edifice much too good for the present state of the place.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 9.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We visited the waterfall, which is very high, and in rainy weather very
+    copious. There is a reservoir made to supply it. In its fall, it has
+    perforated a rock. There is a room built for entertainment. There was
+    some difficulty in climbing to a near view. Lord Lyttelton<a href="#note-1235">[1235]</a> came
+    near it, and turned back.
+</p>
+<p>
+    When we came back, we took some cold meat, and notwithstanding the
+    Doctor's importunities, went that day to Shrewsbury.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 10.
+</center>
+<p>
+    I sent for Gwynn<a href="#note-1236">[1236]</a>, and he shewed us the town. The walls are
+    broken, and narrower than those of Chester. The town is large, and has
+    many gentlemen's houses, but the streets are narrow. I saw Taylor's
+    library. We walked in the Quarry; a very pleasant walk by the
+    river.<a href="#note-1237">[1237]</a> Our inn was not bad.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 11.
+</center>
+<p>
+    Sunday. We were at St. Chads, a very large and luminous Church. We were
+    on the Castle Hill.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 12.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We called on Dr. Adams,<a href="#note-1238">[1238]</a> and travelled towards Worcester, through
+    Wenlock; a very mean place, though a borough. At noon, we came to
+    Bridgenorth, and walked about the town, of which one part stands on a
+    high rock; and part very low, by the river. There is an old tower,
+    which, being crooked, leans so much, that it is frightful to pass by it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the afternoon we came through Kinver, a town in Staffordshire; neat
+    and closely built. I believe it has only one street.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The road was so steep and miry, that we were forced to stop at
+    Hartlebury, where we had a very neat inn, though it made a very poor
+    appearance.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 13.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We came to Lord Sandys's, at Ombersley, where we were treated with great
+    civility.<a href="#note-1239">[1239]</a>
+</p>
+<p>
+    The house is large. The hall is a very noble room.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 15.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We went to Worcester, a very splendid city. The Cathedral is very noble,
+    with many remarkable monuments. The library is in the Chapter House. On
+    the table lay the <i>Nuremberg Chronicle</i>, I think, of the first edition.
+    We went to the china warehouse. The Cathedral has a cloister. The long
+    aisle is, in my opinion, neither so wide nor so high as that of
+    Lichfield.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 16.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We went to Hagley, where we were disappointed of the respect and
+    kindness that we expected<a href="#note-1240">[1240]</a>.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 17.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We saw the house and park, which equalled my expectation. The house is
+    one square mass. The offices are below. The rooms of elegance on the
+    first floor, with two stories of bedchambers, very well disposed above
+    it. The bedchambers have low windows, which abates the dignity of the
+    house. The park has one artificial ruin<a href="#note-1241">[1241]</a>, and wants water; there
+    is, however, one temporary cascade. From the farthest hill there is a
+    very wide prospect.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I went to church. The church is, externally, very mean, and is therefore
+    diligently hidden by a plantation. There are in it several modern
+    monuments of the Lytteltons.
+</p>
+<p>
+    There dined with us, Lord Dudley, and Sir Edward Lyttelton, of
+    Staffordshire, and his Lady. They were all persons of agreeable
+    conversation.
+</p>
+<p>
+    I found time to reflect on my birthday, and offered a prayer, which I
+    hope was heard.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 19.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We made haste away from a place, where all were offended<a href="#note-1242">[1242]</a>. In the
+    way we visited the Leasowes<a href="#note-1243">[1243]</a>. It was rain, yet we visited all the
+    waterfalls. There are, in one place, fourteen falls in a short line. It
+    is the next place to Ham Gardens<a href="#note-1244">[1244]</a>. Poor Shenstone never tasted his
+    pension. It is not very well proved that any pension was obtained for
+    him. I am afraid that he died of misery<a href="#note-1245">[1245]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We came to Birmingham, and I sent for Wheeler, whom I found well.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 20.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We breakfasted with Wheeler,<a href="#note-1246">[1246]</a> and visited the manufacture of Papier
+    Maché. The paper which they use is smooth whited brown; the varnish is
+    polished with rotten stone. Wheeler gave me a tea-board. We then went to
+    Boulton's,<a href="#note-1247">[1247]</a> who, with great civility, led us through his shops. I
+    could not distinctly see his enginery.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Twelve dozen of buttons for three shillings.<a href="#note-1248">[1248]</a> Spoons struck at
+    once.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 21.
+</center>
+<p>
+    Wheeler came to us again.
+</p>
+<p>
+    We came easily to Woodstock.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 22.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We saw Blenheim and Woodstock Park.<a href="#note-1249">[1249]</a> The Park contains two thousand
+    five hundred acres; about four square miles. It has red deer.  Mr.
+    Bryant<a href="#note-1250">[1250]</a> shewed me the Library with great civility. <i>Durandi
+    Rationale</i>, 1459<a href="#note-1251">[1251]</a>. Lascaris' <i>Grammar</i> of the first edition, well
+    printed, but much less than later editions<a href="#note-1252">[1252]</a>. The first
+    <i>Batrachomyomachia</i><a href="#note-1253">[1253]</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The Duke sent Mr. Thrale partridges and fruit.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At night we came to Oxford.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 23.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We visited Mr. Coulson<a href="#note-1254">[1254]</a>. The Ladies wandered about the University.
+</p>
+<center>
+    SEPTEMBER 24.
+</center>
+<p>
+    We dine with Mr. Coulson. Vansittart<a href="#note-1255">[1255]</a> told me his distemper.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Afterwards we were at Burke's, where we heard of the dissolution of the
+    Parliament. We went home<a href="#note-1256">[1256]</a>.
+</p>
+<a name="2HFOO100"><!-- H2 anchor --></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    FOOTNOTES:
+</h2>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1">[1]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 434, note 1, and iii. 209.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-2">[2]</a> His <i>Account of Corsica</i>, published in 1768.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-3">[3]</a> Horace Walpole wrote on Nov.6, 1769 (<i>Letters</i>, v. 200):&mdash;'I found
+    Paoli last week at Court. The King and Queen both took great notice of
+    him. He has just made a tour to Bath, Oxford, &amp;c., and was everywhere
+    received with much distinction.' See <i>ante</i>, ii. 71.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-4">[4]</a> Boswell, when in London, was 'his constant guest.' Ante, iii 35.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-5">[5]</a> Boswell's son James says that 'in 1785 Mr. Malone was shewn at Mr.
+    Baldwin's printing-house a sheet of the <i>Tour to the Hebrides</i>
+    which contained Johnson's character. He was so much struck with the
+    spirit and fidelity of the portrait that he requested to be introduced
+    to its writer. From this period a friendship took place between them,
+    which ripened into the strictest and most cordial intimacy. After Mr.
+    Boswell's death in 1795 Mr. Malone continued to shew every mark of
+    affectionate attention towards his family.' <i>Gent. Mag.</i> 1813, p. 518.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-6">[6]</a> Malone began his edition of <i>Shakespeare</i> in 1782; he brought it out
+    in 1790. Prior's <i>Malone</i>, pp. 98, 166.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-7">[7]</a> Boswell in the 'Advertisement' to the second edition, dated Dec. 20,
+    1785, says that 'the whole of the first impression has been sold in a
+    few weeks.' Three editions were published within a year, but the fourth
+    was not issued till 1807. A German translation was published in Lübeck
+    in 1787. I believe that in no language has a translation been published
+    of the <i>Life of Johnson</i>. Johnson was indeed, as Boswell often calls
+    him, 'a trueborn Englishman'&mdash;so English that foreigners could neither
+    understand him nor relish his <i>Life</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-8">[8]</a> The man thus described is James I.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-9">[9]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 450 and ii. 291.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-10">[10]</a> <i>A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland</i>. Johnson's <i>Works</i>
+    ix. 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-11">[11]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 450. On a copy of Martin in the Advocates' Library
+    [Edinburgh] I found the following note in the handwriting of Mr.
+    Boswell:&mdash;'This very book accompanied Mr. Samuel Johnson and me in our
+    Tour to the Hebrides.' UPCOTT. Croker's <i>Boswell</i>, p. 267.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-12">[12]</a> Macbeth, act i. sc. 3.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-13">[13]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 24, and <i>post</i>, Nov. 10.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-14">[14]</a> Our friend Edmund Burke, who by this time had received some pretty
+    severe strokes from Dr. Johnson, on account of the unhappy difference in
+    their politicks, upon my repeating this passage to him, exclaimed 'Oil
+    of vitriol !' BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-15">[15]</a> <i>Psalms</i>, cxli. 5.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-16">[16]</a> 'We all love Beattie,' he had said. <i>Ante</i>, ii. 148.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-17">[17]</a> This, I find, is a Scotticism. I should have said, 'It will not be
+    long before we shall be at Marischal College.' BOSWELL. In spite of this
+    warning Sir Walter Scott fell into the same error. 'The light foot of
+    Mordaunt was not long of bearing him to Jarlok [Jarlshof].' <i>Pirate</i>,
+    ch. viii. CROKER. Beattie was Professor of Moral Philosophy and Logic in
+    Marischal College.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-18">[18]</a> 'Nil mihi rescribas; attamen ipse veni.' Ovid, <i>Heroides</i>, i. 2.
+    Boswell liked to display such classical learning as he had. When he
+    visited Eton in 1789 he writes, 'I was asked by the Head-master to dine
+    at the Fellows' table, and made a creditable figure. I certainly have
+    the art of making the most of what I have. How should one who has had
+    only a Scotch education be quite at home at Eton? I had my classical
+    quotations very ready.' <i>Letters of Boswell</i>, p. 308.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-19">[19]</a> Gray, Johnson writes (<i>Works</i>, viii. 479), visited Scotland in
+    1765. 'He naturally contracted a friendship with Dr. Beattie, whom he
+    found a poet,' &amp;c.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-20">[20]</a> <i>Post</i>, Sept. 12.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-21">[21]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 274.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-22">[22]</a> Afterwards Lord Stowell. He, his brother Lord Eldon, and Chambers
+    were all Newcastle men. See <i>ante</i>, i. 462, for an anecdote of the
+    journey and for a note on 'the Commons.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-23">[23]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 453.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-24">[24]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. III.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-25">[25]</a> Baretti, in a MS. note on <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 309, says:&mdash;'The
+    most unaccountable part of Johnson's character was his total ignorance
+    of the character of his most familiar acquaintance.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-26">[26]</a> Lord Pembroke said once to me at Wilton, with a happy pleasantry,
+    and some truth, that 'Dr. Johnson's sayings would not appear so
+    extraordinary, were it not for his <i>bow-wow way</i>:' but I admit the truth
+    of this only on some occasions. The <i>Messiah</i>, played upon the
+    <i>Canterbury organ</i>, is more sublime than when played upon an inferior
+    instrument, but very slight musick will seem grand, when conveyed to the
+    ear through that majestick medium. <i>While therefore Dr. Johnson's
+    sayings are read, let his manner be taken along with them</i>. Let it,
+    however, be observed, that the sayings themselves are generally great;
+    that, though he might be an ordinary composer at times, he was for the
+    most part a Handel. BOSWELL. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 326, 371, and under
+    Aug. 29, 1783.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-27">[27]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 42.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-28">[28]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 41.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-29">[29]</a> Such they appeared to me; but since the first edition, Sir Joshua
+    Reynolds has observed to me, 'that Dr. Johnson's extraordinary gestures
+    were only habits, in which he indulged himself at certain times. When in
+    company, where he was not free, or when engaged earnestly in
+    conversation, he never gave way to such habits, which proves that they
+    were not involuntary.' I still however think, that these gestures were
+    involuntary; for surely had not that been the case, he would have
+    restrained them in the publick streets. BOSWELL. See <i>ante</i>, i. 144.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-30">[30]</a> By an Act of the 7th of George I. for encouraging the consumption
+    of raw silk and mohair, buttons and button-holes made of cloth, serge,
+    and other stuffs were prohibited. In 1738 a petition was presented to
+    Parliament stating that 'in evasion of this Act buttons and button-holes
+    were made of horse-hair to the impoverishing of many thousands and
+    prejudice of the woollen manufactures.' An Act was brought in to
+    prohibit the use of horse-hair, and was only thrown out on the third
+    reading. <i>Parl. Hist.</i> x. 787.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-31">[31]</a> Boswell wrote to Erskine on Dec. 8, 1761: 'I, James Boswell Esq.,
+    who "am happily possessed of a facility of manners"&mdash;to use the very
+    words of Mr. Professor [Adam] Smith, which upon honour were addressed to
+    me.' <i>Boswell and Erskine Corres</i>. ed. 1879, p. 26.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-32">[32]</a> <i>Post</i>, Oct. 16.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-33">[33]</a> <i>Hamlet</i>, act iii, sc. 4.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-34">[34]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv., March 21, 1783. Johnson is often reproached with
+    his dislike of the Scotch, though much of it was assumed; but no one
+    blames Hume's dislike of the English, though it was deep and real. On
+    Feb. 21, 1770, he wrote:&mdash;'Our Government is too perfect in point of
+    liberty for so rude a beast as an Englishman; who is a man, a bad animal
+    too, corrupted by above a century of licentiousness.' J. H. Burton's
+    <i>Hume</i>, ii. 434. Dr. Burton writes of the English as 'a people Hume so
+    heartily disliked.' <i>Ib</i>. p. 433.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-35">[35]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 15.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-36">[36]</a> The term <i>John Bull</i> came into the English language in 1712, when
+    Dr. Arbuthnot wrote <i>The History of John Bull</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-37">[37]</a> Boswell in three other places so describes Johnson. See <i>ante</i>,
+    i.129, note 3.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-38">[38]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i.467.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-39">[39]</a> 'All nations, and kindreds, and people, and tongues.' <i>Rev</i>. vii.9.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-40">[40]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 376
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-41">[41]</a> In Cockburn's <i>Life of Jeffrey</i>, i.157, there is a description of
+    Edinburgh, towards the close of the century, 'the last purely Scotch age
+    that Scotland was destined to see. Almost the whole official state, as
+    settled at the Union, survived; and all graced the capital, unconscious
+    of the economical scythe which has since mowed it down. All our nobility
+    had not then fled. The lawyers, instead of disturbing good company by
+    professional matter, were remarkably free of this vulgarity; and being
+    trained to take difference of opinion easily, and to conduct discussions
+    with forbearance, were, without undue obtrusion, the most cheerful
+    people that were to be met with. Philosophy had become indigenous in the
+    place, and all classes, even in their gayest hours, were proud of the
+    presence of its cultivators. And all this was still a Scotch scene. The
+    whole country had not begun to be absorbed in the ocean of London.
+    According to the modern rate of travelling [written in 1852] the
+    capitals of Scotland and of England were then about 2400 miles asunder.
+    Edinburgh was still more distant in its style and habits. It had then
+    its own independent tastes, and ideas, and pursuits.' Scotland at this
+    time was distinguished by the liberality of mind of its leading
+    clergymen, which was due, according to Dr. A. Carlyle (<i>Auto</i>. p 57), to
+    the fact that the Professor of Theology under whom they had studied was
+    'dull and Dutch and prolix.' 'There was one advantage,' he says,
+    'attending the lectures of a dull professor&mdash;viz., that he could form no
+    school, and the students were left entirely to themselves, and naturally
+    formed opinions far more liberal than those they got from the
+    Professor.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-42">[42]</a> Chambers (<i>Traditions of Edinburgh</i>, ed. 1825, ii.297) says that
+    'the very spot which Johnson's armchair occupied is pointed out by the
+    modern possessors.' The inn was called 'The White Horse.' 'It derives
+    its name from having been the resort of the Hanoverian faction, the
+    White Horse being the crest of Hanover.' Murray's <i>Guide to Scotland</i>,
+    ed. 1867, p. 111.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-43">[43]</a> Boswell writing of Scotland says:&mdash;'In the last age it was the
+    common practice in the best families for all the company to eat milk, or
+    pudding, or any other dish that is eat with a spoon, not by distributing
+    the contents of the dish into small plates round the table, but by every
+    person dipping his spoon into the large platter; and when the fashion of
+    having a small plate for each guest was brought from the continent by a
+    young gentleman returned from his travels, a good old inflexible
+    neighbour in the country said, "he did not see anything he had learnt
+    but to take his broth twice." Nay, in our own remembrance, the use of a
+    carving knife was considered as a novelty; and a gentleman of ancient
+    family and good literature used to rate his son, a friend of mine, for
+    introducing such a foppish superfluity.'&mdash;<i>London Mag</i>. 1778, p.199.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-44">[44]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 403. Johnson, in describing Sir A. Macdonald's
+    house in Sky, said:&mdash;'The Lady had not the common decencies of her
+    tea-table; we picked up our sugar with our fingers.' <i>Piozzi
+    Letters</i>, i.138.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-45">[45]</a> Chambers says that 'James's Court, till the building of the New
+    Town, was inhabited by a select set of gentlemen. They kept a clerk to
+    record their names and their proceedings, had a scavenger of their own,
+    and had balls and assemblies among themselves.' Paoli was Boswell's
+    guest there in 1771. <i>Traditions of Edinburgh</i>, i. 219. It was burnt
+    down in 1857. Murray's <i>Guide to Scotland</i>, ed. 1883, p.49. Johnson
+    wrote:&mdash;'Boswell has very handsome and spacious rooms, level with the
+    ground on one side of the house, and on the other four stories high.'
+    <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 109. Dr. J.H. Burton says that Hume occupied them
+    just before Boswell. He continues:&mdash;'Of the first impression made on a
+    stranger at that period when entering such a house, a vivid description
+    is given by Sir Walter Scott in <i>Guy Mannering</i>; and in Counsellor
+    Pleydell's library, with its collection of books, and the prospect from
+    the window, we have probably an accurate picture of the room in which
+    Hume spent his studious hours.' <i>Life of Hume</i>, ii. 137, 431. At
+    Johnson's visit Hume was living in his new house in the street which was
+    humorously named after him, St. David Street. <i>Ib</i>. p. 436.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-46">[46]</a> The English servant-girl in <i>Humphry Clinker</i> (Letter of July 18),
+    after describing how the filth is thus thrown out, says:&mdash;'The maid
+    calls <i>gardy loo</i> to the passengers, which signifies <i>Lord have mercy
+    upon you!</i>'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-47">[47]</a> Wesley, when at Edinburgh in May, 1761, writes:&mdash;'How can it be
+    suffered that all manner of filth should still be thrown even into this
+    street [High Street] continually? How long shall the capital city of
+    Scotland, yea, and the chief street of it, stink worse than a common
+    sewer?' Wesley's <i>Journal</i>, iii. 52. Baretti (<i>Journey from London to
+    Genoa</i>, ii.255) says that this was the universal practice in Madrid in
+    1760. He was driven out of that town earlier than he had intended to
+    leave it by the dreadful stench. A few years after his visit the King
+    made a reform, so that it became 'one of the cleanest towns in Europe.'
+    <i>Ib</i>. p 258. Smollett in <i>Humphry Clinker</i> makes Matthew Bramble say
+    (Letter of July 18):&mdash;'The inhabitants of Edinburgh are apt to imagine
+    the disgust that we avow is little better than affectation.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-48">[48]</a> 'Most of their buildings are very mean; and the whole town bears
+    some resemblance to the old part of Birmingham.' <i>Piozzi
+    Letters</i>, i. 109.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-49">[49]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 313.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-50">[50]</a> Miss Burney, describing her first sight of Johnson, says:&mdash;'Upon
+    asking my father why he had not prepared us for such uncouth, untoward
+    strangeness, he laughed heartily, and said he had entirely forgotten
+    that the same impression had been at first made upon himself; but had
+    been lost even on the second interview.' <i>Memoirs of Dr. Burney</i>, ii.91.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-51">[51]</a> See <i>post</i>, Aug. 22.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-52">[52]</a> see <i>ante</i>, iii. 216.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-53">[53]</a> Boswell writes, in his <i>Hypochondriacks</i>:&mdash;'Naturally somewhat
+    singular, independent of any additions which affectation and vanity may
+    perhaps have made, I resolved to have a more pleasing species of
+    marriage than common, and bargained with my bride that I should not be
+    bound to live with her longer than I really inclined; and that whenever
+    I tired of her domestic society I should be at liberty to give it up.
+    Eleven years have elapsed, and I have never yet wished to take advantage
+    of my stipulated privilege.' <i>London Mag</i>. 1781, p.136. See <i>ante</i>, ii.
+    140, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-54">[54]</a> Sir Walter Scott was two years old this day. He was born in a house
+    at the head of the College Wynd. When Johnson and Boswell returned to
+    Edinburgh Jeffrey was a baby there seventeen days old. Some seventeen or
+    eighteen years later 'he had the honour of assisting to carry the
+    biographer of Johnson, in a state of great intoxication, to bed. For
+    this he was rewarded next morning by Mr. Boswell clapping his head, and
+    telling him that he was a very promising lad, and that if "you go on as
+    you've begun, you may live to be a Bozzy yourself yet."' Cockburn's
+    <i>Jeffrey</i>, i. 33.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-55">[55]</a> He was one of Boswell's executors, and as such was in part
+    responsible for the destruction of his manuscripts. <i>Ante</i>, iii. 301,
+    note i. It is to his <i>Life of Dr. Beattie</i> that Scott alludes in the
+    Introduction to the fourth Canto of <i>Marmion</i>:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Scarce had lamented Forbes paid
+      The tribute to his Minstrel's shade;
+      The tale of friendship scarce was told,
+      Ere the narrator's heart was cold&mdash;
+      Far may we search before we find
+      A heart so manly and so kind.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    It is only of late years that <i>Forbes</i> has generally ceased to be a
+    dissyllable.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-56">[56]</a> The saint's name of <i>Veronica</i> was introduced into our family
+    through my great grandmother Veronica, Countess of Kincardine, a Dutch
+    lady of the noble house of Sommelsdyck, of which there is a full account
+    in Bayle's <i>Dictionary</i>. The family had once a princely right in
+    Surinam. The governour of that settlement was appointed by the States
+    General, the town of Amsterdam, and Sommelsdyck. The States General have
+    acquired Sommelsdyck's right; but the family has still great dignity and
+    opulence, and by intermarriages is connected with many other noble
+    families. When I was at the Hague, I was received with all the affection
+    of kindred. The present Sommelsdyck has an important charge in the
+    Republick, and is as worthy a man as lives. He has honoured me with his
+    correspondence for these twenty years. My great grandfather, the husband
+    of Countess Veronica, was Alexander, Earl of Kincardine, that eminent
+    <i>Royalist</i> whose character is given by Burnet in his <i>History of his own
+    Times</i>. From him the blood of <i>Bruce</i> flows in my veins. Of such
+    ancestry who would not be proud? And, as <i>Nihil est, nisi hoc sciat
+    alter</i>, is peculiarly true of genealogy, who would not be glad to seize
+    a fair opportunity to let it be known. BOSWELL. Boswell visited Holland
+    in 1763. <i>Ante</i>, i. 473. Burnet says that 'the Earl was both the wisest
+    and the worthiest man that belonged to his country, and fit for
+    governing any affairs but his own; which he by a wrong turn, and by his
+    love for the public, neglected to his ruin. His thoughts went slow and
+    his words came much slower; but a deep judgment appeared in everything
+    he said or did. I may be, perhaps, inclined to carry his character too
+    far; for he was the first man that entered into friendship with me.'
+    Burnet's <i>History</i>, ed. 1818, i. III. 'The ninth Earl succeeded as fifth
+    Earl of Elgin and thus united the two dignities.' Burke's <i>Peerage</i>.
+    Boswell's quotation is from Persius, <i>Satires</i>, i. 27: 'Scire tuum nihil
+    est, nisi te scire hoc sciat alter.' It is the motto to <i>The
+    Spectator</i>, No. 379.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-57">[57]</a> She died four months after her father. I cannot find that she
+    received this additional fortune.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-58">[58]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 47.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-59">[59]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 5, note 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-60">[60]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 231. Johnson (<i>Works</i>, ix. 33) speaks of 'the
+    general dissatisfaction which is now driving the Highlanders into the
+    other hemisphere.' This dissatisfaction chiefly arose from the fact that
+    the chiefs were 'gradually degenerating from patriarchal rulers to
+    rapacious landlords.' <i>Ib.</i> p. 86. 'That the people may not fly from the
+    increase of rent I know not whether the general good does not require
+    that the landlords be, for a time, restrained in their demands, and kept
+    quiet by pensions proportionate to their loss.... It affords a
+    legislator little self-applause to consider, that where there was
+    formerly an insurrection there is now a wilderness.' <i>Ib.</i> p. 94. 'As
+    the world has been let in upon the people, they have heard of happier
+    climates and less arbitrary government.' <i>Ib.</i> p. 128.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-61">[61]</a> 'To a man that ranges the streets of London, where he is tempted to
+    contrive wants for the pleasure of supplying them, a shop affords no
+    image worthy of attention; but in an island it turns the balance of
+    existence between good and evil. To live in perpetual want of little
+    things is a state, not indeed of torture, but of constant vexation. I
+    have in Sky had some difficulty to find ink for a letter; and if a woman
+    breaks her needle, the work is at a stop.' <i>Ib.</i> p. 127.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-62">[62]</a> 'It was demolished in 1822.' Chambers's <i>Traditions of Edinburgh</i>,
+    i. 215.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-63">[63]</a> 'The Lord reigneth; let the earth rejoice; let the multitude of
+    isles be glad thereof.' <i>Psalms</i>, xcvii.1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-64">[64]</a> A brief memoir of Mr. Carre is given in Forbes's <i>Life of Beattie</i>,
+    Appendix Z.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-65">[65]</a> It was his daughter who gave the name to the new street in which
+    Hume had taken a house by chalking on his wall ST. DAVID STREET. 'Hume's
+    "lass," judging that it was not meant in honour or reverence, ran into
+    the house much excited, to tell her master how he was made game of.
+    "Never mind, lassie," he said; "many a better man has been made a saint
+    of before."' J.H. Burton's <i>Hume</i>, ii. 436.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-66">[66]</a> The House of Lords reversed the decision of the Court of Session in
+    this cause. See <i>ante</i>, ii.50, 230.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-67">[67]</a> Ogden was Woodwardian Professor at Cambridge. The sermons were
+    published in 1770. Boswell mentions them so often that in Rowlandson's
+    caricatures of the tour he is commonly represented as having them in his
+    hand or pocket. See <i>ante</i>, iii. 248.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-68">[68]</a> 'Talking of the eminent writers in Queen Anne's reign, Johnson
+    observed, "I think Dr. Arbuthnot the first man among them.'" <i>Ante</i>,
+    i. 425.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-69">[69]</a> 'We found that by the interposition of some invisible friend
+    lodgings had been provided for us at the house of one of the professors,
+    whose easy civility quickly made us forget that we were strangers.'
+    <i>Works</i>, ix. 3.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-70">[70]</a> He is referring to Beattie's <i>Essay on Truth</i>. See <i>post</i>, Oct. 1,
+    and <i>ante</i>, ii. 201.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-71">[71]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 443, where Johnson, again speaking of Hume, and
+    perhaps of Gibbon, says:&mdash;'When a man voluntarily engages in an
+    important controversy, he is to do all he can to lessen his antagonist,
+    because authority from personal respect has much weight with most
+    people, and often more than reasoning.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-72">[72]</a> Johnson, in his Dictionary, calls <i>bubble</i> 'a cant [slang] word.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-73">[73]</a> Boswell wrote to Temple in 1768:&mdash;'David [Hume] is really amiable:
+    I always regret to him his unlucky principles, and he smiles at my
+    faith; but I have a hope which he has not, or pretends not to have. So
+    who has the best of it, my reverend friend?' <i>Letters of Boswell</i>,
+    p.151. Dr. A. Carlyle (<i>Auto</i>. pp. 274-5) says:&mdash;'Mr. Hume gave both
+    elegant dinners and suppers, and the best claret, and, which was best of
+    all, he furnished the entertainment with the most instructive and
+    pleasing conversation, for he assembled whosoever were most knowing and
+    agreeable among either the laity or clergy. For innocent mirth and
+    agreeable raillery I never knew his match....He took much to the company
+    of the younger clergy, not from a wish to bring them over to his
+    opinions, for he never attempted to overturn any man's principles, but
+    they best understood his notions, and could furnish him with literary
+    conversation.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-74">[74]</a> No doubt they were destroyed with Boswell's other papers. <i>Ante</i>,
+    iii.301, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-75">[75]</a> This letter, though shattered by the sharp shot of Dr. <i>Horne</i> of
+    <i>Oxford's</i> wit, in the character of <i>One of the People called
+    Christians</i>, is still prefixed to Mr. Hume's excellent <i>History of
+    England</i>, like a poor invalid on the piquet guard, or like a list of
+    quack medicines sold by the same bookseller, by whom a work of whatever
+    nature is published; for it has no connection with his <i>History</i>, let it
+    have what it may with what are called his <i>Philosophical</i> Works. A
+    worthy friend of mine in London was lately consulted by a lady of
+    quality, of most distinguished merit, what was the best History of
+    England for her son to read. My friend recommended Hume's. But, upon
+    recollecting that its usher was a superlative panegyrick on one, who
+    endeavoured to sap the credit of our holy religion, he revoked his
+    recommendation. I am really sorry for this ostentatious <i>alliance</i>;
+    because I admire <i>The Theory of Moral Sentiments</i>, and value the
+    greatest part of <i>An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of
+    Nations</i>. Why should such a writer be so forgetful of human comfort, as
+    to give any countenance to that dreary infidelity which would make us
+    poor indeed?' ['makes me poor indeed.' <i>Othello</i>, act iii. sc.3].
+    BOSWELL. Dr. Horne's book is entitled, <i>A Letter to Adam Smith, LL.D.,
+    On the Life, Death, and Philosophy of his Friend David Hume, Esq. By one
+    of the People called Christians</i>. Its chief wit is in the Preface. The
+    bookseller mentioned in this note was perhaps Francis Newbery, who
+    succeeded his father, Goldsmith's publisher, as a dealer in quack
+    medicines and books. They dealt in 'over thirty different nostrums,' and
+    published books of every nature. Of the father Johnson said:&mdash;'Newbery
+    is an extraordinary man, for I know not whether he has read or written
+    most books.' He is the original of 'Jack Whirler' in <i>The Idler</i>, No.
+    19. <i>A Bookseller of the Last Century</i>, pp. 22, 73.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-76">[76]</a> Hume says that his first work, his <i>Treatise of Human Nature</i>,
+    'fell <i>dead-born from the press.' Auto.</i> p.3. His <i>Enquiry concerning
+    Human Understanding</i> 'was entirely overlooked and neglected.' <i>Ib</i>. p.4.
+    His <i>Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals</i> 'came unnoticed and
+    unobserved into the world.' <i>Ib</i>. p.5. The first volume of his <i>History
+    of England</i> certainly met with numerous assailants; but 'after the first
+    ebullitions of their fury were over, what was still more mortifying, the
+    book seemed to sink into oblivion. Mr. Millar told me,' he continues,
+    'that in a twelvemonth he sold only forty-five copies of it...I was I
+    confess, discouraged, and had not the war at that time been breaking out
+    between France and England, I had certainly retired to some provincial
+    town of the former kingdom, have changed my name, and never more have
+    returned to my native country.' <i>Ib</i>. p.6. Only one of his works, his
+    <i>Political Discourses</i>, was 'successful on the first publication.' <i>Ib</i>.
+    p.5. By the time he was turned fifty, however, his books were selling
+    very well, and he had become 'not only independent but opulent.' Ib. p.
+    8. A few weeks before he died he wrote: 'I see many symptoms of my
+    literary reputation's breaking out at last with additional lustre.'
+    <i>Ib</i>. p.10.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-77">[77]</a> <i>Psalms</i>, cxix. 99.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-78">[78]</a> We learn, <i>post</i>, Oct. 29, that Robertson was cautious in his talk,
+    though we see here that he had much more courage than the professors of
+    Aberdeen or Glasgow.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-79">[79]</a> This was one of the points upon which Dr. Johnson was strangely
+    heterodox. For, surely, Mr. Burke, with his other remarkable qualities,
+    is also distinguished for his wit, and for wit of all kinds too: not
+    merely that power of language which Pope chooses to denominate wit:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     (True wit is Nature to advantage drest;
+      What oft was thought, but ne'er so well exprest.)
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    [Pope's Essay on Criticism, ii. 297.] but surprising allusions,
+    brilliant sallies of vivacity, and pleasant conceits. His speeches in
+    parliament are strewed with them. Take, for instance, the variety which
+    he has given in his wide range, yet exact detail, when exhibiting his
+    Reform Bill. And his conversation abounds in wit. Let me put down a
+    specimen. I told him, I had seen, at a <i>Blue stocking</i> assembly, a
+    number of ladies sitting round a worthy and tall friend of ours,
+    listening to his literature. 'Ay, (said he) like maids round a
+    May-pole.' I told him, I had found out a perfect definition of human
+    nature, as distinguished from the animal. An ancient philosopher said,
+    Man was 'a two-legged animal without feathers,' upon which his rival
+    Sage had a Cock plucked bare, and set him down in the school before all
+    the disciples, as a 'Philosophick Man.' Dr. Franklin said, Man was 'a
+    tool-making animal,' which is very well; for no animal but man makes a
+    thing, by means of which he can make another thing. But this applies to
+    very few of the species. My definition of <i>Man</i> is, 'a Cooking animal.'
+    The beasts have memory, judgment, and all the faculties and passions of
+    our mind in a certain degree; but no beast is a cook. The trick of the
+    monkey using the cat's paw to roast a chestnut, is only a piece of
+    shrewd malice in that <i>turpissima bestia</i>, which humbles us so sadly by
+    its similarity to us. Man alone can dress a good dish; and every man
+    whatever is more or less a cook, in seasoning what he himself eats. Your
+    definition is good, said Mr. Burke, and I now see the full force of the
+    common proverb, 'There is <i>reason</i> in roasting of eggs.' When Mr.
+    Wilkes, in his days of tumultuous opposition, was borne upon the
+    shoulders of the mob, Mr. Burke (as Mr. Wilkes told me himself, with
+    classical admiration,) applied to him what <i>Horace</i> says of <i>Pindar</i>,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     ...<i>numeris</i>que fertur
+  LEGE <i>solutis</i>. [<i>Odes</i>, iv. 2. 11.]
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Sir Joshua Reynolds, who agrees with me entirely as to Mr. Burke's.
+    fertility of wit, said, that this was 'dignifying a pun.' He also
+    observed, that he has often heard Burke say, in the course of an
+    evening, ten good things, each of which would have served a noted wit
+    (whom he named) to live upon for a twelvemonth. I find, since the former
+    edition, that some persons have objected to the instances which I have
+    given of Mr. Burke's wit, as not doing justice to my very ingenious
+    friend; the specimens produced having, it is alleged, more of conceit
+    than real wit, and being merely sportive sallies of the moment, not
+    justifying the encomium which, they think with me, he undoubtedly
+    merits. I was well aware, how hazardous it was to exhibit particular
+    instances of wit, which is of so airy and spiritual a nature as often to
+    elude the hand that attempts to grasp it. The excellence and efficacy of
+    a <i>bon mot</i> depend frequently so much on the occasion on which it is
+    spoken, on the particular manner of the speaker, on the person to whom
+    it is applied, the previous introduction, and a thousand minute
+    particulars which cannot be easily enumerated, that it is always
+    dangerous to detach a witty saying from the group to which it belongs,
+    and to set it before the eye of the spectator, divested of those
+    concomitant circumstances, which gave it animation, mellowness, and
+    relief. I ventured, however, at all hazards, to put down the first
+    instances that occurred to me, as proofs of Mr. Burke's lively and
+    brilliant fancy; but am very sensible that his numerous friends could
+    have suggested many of a superior quality. Indeed, the being in company
+    with him, for a single day, is sufficient to shew that what I have
+    asserted is well founded; and it was only necessary to have appealed to
+    all who know him intimately, for a complete refutation of the heterodox
+    opinion entertained by Dr. Johnson on this subject. <i>He</i> allowed Mr.
+    Burke, as the reader will find hereafter [<i>post</i>. Sept.15 and 30], to be
+    a man of consummate and unrivalled abilities in every light except that
+    now under consideration; and the variety of his allusions, and splendour
+    of his imagery, have made such an impression on <i>all the rest</i> of the
+    world, that superficial observers are apt to overlook his other merits,
+    and to suppose that <i>wit</i> is his chief and most prominent excellence;
+    when in fact it is only one of the many talents that he possesses, which
+    are so various and extraordinary, that it is very difficult to ascertain
+    precisely the rank and value of each. BOSWELL. For Malone's share in
+    this note, see <i>ante</i>, iii. 323, note 2. For Burke's Economical Reform
+    Bill, which was brought in on Feb. 11, 1780, see Prior's <i>Burke</i>, p.184.
+    For <i>Blue Stocking</i>, see <i>ante</i>, iv. 108. The 'tall friend of ours' was
+    Mr. Langton (<i>ante</i>, i. 336). For Franklin's definition, see <i>ante</i>,
+    iii. 245, and for Burke's classical pun, <i>ib</i>. p. 323. For Burke's
+    'talent of wit,' see <i>ante</i>, i. 453, iii. 323, iv. May 15, 1784, and
+    <i>post</i>, Sept. 15.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-80">[80]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 27, where Burke said:&mdash;'It is enough for me to have
+    rung the bell to him [Johnson].'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-81">[81]</a> See <i>ante</i>, vol. iv, May 15, 1784.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-82">[82]</a> Prior (<i>Life of Burke</i>, pp.31, 36) says that 'from the first his
+    destination was the Bar.' His name was entered at the Middle Temple in
+    1747, but he was never called. Why he gave up the profession his
+    biographer cannot tell.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-83">[83]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 437, note 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-84">[84]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 78, note 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-85">[85]</a> That cannot be said now, after the flagrant part which Mr. <i>John
+    Wesley</i> took against our American brethren, when, in his own name, he
+    threw amongst his enthusiastick flock, the very individual combustibles
+    of Dr. <i>Johnson's Taxation no Tyranny</i>; and after the intolerant spirit
+    which he manifested against our fellow-christians of the Roman Catholick
+    Communion, for which that able champion, Father <i>O'Leary</i>, has given him
+    so hearty a drubbing. But I should think myself very unworthy, if I did
+    not at the same time acknowledge Mr. John Wesley's merit, as a veteran
+    'Soldier of Jesus Christ' [2 <i>Timothy</i>, ii. 3], who has, I do believe,
+    'turned many from darkness into light, and from the power of <i>Satan</i> to
+    the living GOD' [<i>Acts</i>, xxvi. 18]. BOSWELL. Wesley wrote on Nov. 11,
+    1775 (<i>Journal</i>, iv. 56), 'I made some additions to the <i>Calm Address to
+    our American Colonies</i>. Need any one ask from what motive this was
+    wrote? Let him look round; England is in a flame! a flame of malice and
+    rage against the King, and almost all that are in authority under him. I
+    labour to put out this flame.' He wrote a few days later:&mdash;'As to
+    reviewers, news-writers, <i>London Magazines</i>, and all that kind of
+    gentlemen, they behave just as I expected they would. And let them lick
+    up Mr. Toplady's spittle still; a champion worthy of their cause.'
+    <i>Journal</i>, p. 58. In a letter published in Jan. 1780, he said:&mdash;'I
+    insist upon it, that no government, not Roman Catholic, ought to
+    tolerate men of the Roman Catholic persuasion. They ought not to be
+    tolerated by any government, Protestant, Mahometan, or Pagan.' To this
+    the Rev. Arthur O'Leary replied with great wit and force, in a pamphlet
+    entitled, <i>Remarks on the Rev. Mr. Wesley's Letters</i>. Dublin, 1780.
+    Wesley (<i>Journal</i>, iv. 365) mentions meeting O'Leary, and says:&mdash;'He
+    seems not to be wanting either in sense or learning.' Johnson wrote to
+    Wesley on Feb. 6, 1776 (Croker's <i>Boswell</i>, p. 475), 'I have thanks to
+    return you for the addition of your important suffrage to my argument on
+    the American question. To have gained such a mind as yours may justly
+    confirm me in my own opinion. What effect my paper has upon the public,
+    I know not; but I have no reason to be discouraged. The lecturer was
+    surely in the right, who, though he saw his audience slinking away,
+    refused to quit the chair while Plato staid.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-86">[86]</a> 'Powerful preacher as he was,' writes Southey, 'he had neither
+    strength nor acuteness of intellect, and his written compositions are
+    nearly worthless.' Southey's <i>Wesley,</i> i. 323. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 79.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-87">[87]</a> Mr. Burke. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 222, 285, note 3, and iii. 45.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-88">[88]</a> If due attention were paid to this observation, there would be more
+    virtue, even in politicks. What Dr. Johnson justly condemned, has, I am
+    sorry to say, greatly increased in the present reign. At the distance of
+    four years from this conversation, 21st February, 1777, My Lord
+    Archbishop of York, in his 'sermon before the Society for the
+    Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts,' thus indignantly describes
+    the then state of parties:&mdash;'Parties once had a <i>principle</i> belonging
+    to them, absurd perhaps, and indefensible, but still carrying a notion
+    of <i>duty</i>, by which honest minds might easily be caught. 'But there are
+    now <i>combinations</i> of <i>individuals</i>, who, instead of being the sons and
+    servants of the community, make a league for advancing their <i>private
+    interests</i>. It is their business to hold high the notion of <i>political
+    honour</i>. I believe and trust, it is not injurious to say, that such a
+    bond is no better than that by which the lowest and wickedest
+    combinations are held together; and that it denotes the last stage of
+    political depravity.' To find a thought, which just shewed itself to us
+    from the mind of <i>Johnson</i>, thus appearing again at such a distance of
+    time, and without any communication between them, enlarged to full
+    growth in the mind of <i>Markham</i>, is a curious object of philosophical
+    contemplation.&mdash;That two such great and luminous minds should have been
+    so dark in one corner,&mdash;that <i>they</i> should have held it to be 'Wicked
+    rebellion in the British subjects established in America, to resist the
+    abject condition of holding all their property at the mercy of British
+    subjects remaining at home, while their allegiance to our common Lord
+    the King was to be preserved inviolate,&mdash;is a striking proof to me,
+    either that 'He who sitteth in Heaven' [<i>Psalms</i>, ii.4] scorns the
+    loftiness of human pride,&mdash;or that the evil spirit, whose personal
+    existence I strongly believe, and even in this age am confirmed in that
+    belief by a <i>Fell</i>, nay, by a <i>Hurd</i>, has more power than some choose to
+    allow. BOSWELL. Horace Walpole writing on June 10, 1778, after censuring
+    Robertson for sneering at Las Casas, continues:&mdash;'Could Archbishop
+    Markham in a Sermon before the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel
+    by fire and sword paint charity in more contemptuous terms? It is a
+    Christian age.' <i>Letters</i>, vii.81. It was Archbishop Markham to whom
+    Johnson made the famous bow; <i>ante</i>, vol. iv, just before April 10,
+    1783. John Fell published in 1779 <i>Demoniacs; an Enquiry into the
+    Heathen and Scripture Doctrine of Daemons</i>. For Hurd see <i>ante</i>, under
+    June 9,1784.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-89">[89]</a> See Forster's <i>Essays</i>, ii 304-9. Mr. Forster often quotes Cooke in
+    his <i>Life of Goldsmith</i>. He describes him (i. 58) as 'a <i>young</i> Irish
+    law student who had chambers near Goldsmith in the temple.' Goldsmith
+    did not reside in the temple till 1763 (<i>ib</i>. p.336), and Cooke was old
+    enough to have published his <i>Hesiod</i> in 1728, and to have found a place
+    in <i>The Dunciad</i> (ii. 138). See Elwin and Courthope's <i>Pope</i>, x. 212,
+    for his correspondence with Pope.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-90">[90]</a> It may be observed, that I sometimes call my great friend, <i>Mr</i>.
+    Johnson, sometimes <i>Dr</i>. Johnson: though he had at this time a doctor's
+    degree from Trinity College, Dublin. The University of Oxford afterwards
+    conferred it upon him by a diploma, in very honourable terms. It was
+    some time before I could bring myself to call him Doctor; but, as he has
+    been long known by that title, I shall give it to him in the rest of
+    this Journal. BOSWELL. See <i>ante</i>, i. 488, note 3, and ii. 332, note I.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-91">[91]</a> In <i>The Idler</i>, No. viii, Johnson has the following fling at
+    tragedians. He had mentioned the terror struck into our soldiers by the
+    Indian war-cry, and he continues:&mdash;'I am of opinion that by a proper
+    mixture of asses, bulls, turkeys, geese, and tragedians a noise might be
+    procured equally horrid with the war-cry.' See <i>ante</i>, ii.92.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-92">[92]</a> <i>Tom Jones</i>, Bk. xvi. chap. 5. Mme. Necker in a letter to Garrick
+    said:&mdash;'Nos acteurs se métamorphosent assez bien, mais Monsieur Garrick
+    fait autre chose; il nous métamorphose tous dans le caractère qu'il a
+    revêtu; <i>nous sommes remplis de terreur avec Hamlet</i>,' &amp;c. <i>Garrick
+    Corres</i>. ii. 627.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-93">[93]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 432, and ii. 278.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-94">[94]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 11.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-95">[95]</a> Euphan M'Cullan (not Eupham Macallan) is mentioned in Dalrymple's
+    [Lord Hailes] <i>Remarks on the History of Scotland</i>, p. 254. She
+    maintained that 'she seldom ever prayed but she got a positive answer.'
+    The minister of her parish was ill. 'She prayed, and got an answer that
+    for a year's time he should be spared; and after the year's end he fell
+    sick again.' 'I went,' said she, 'to pray yet again for his life; but
+    the Lord left me not an mouse's likeness (a proverbial expression,
+    meaning <i>to reprove with such severity that the person reproved shrinks
+    and becomes abashed</i>), and said, 'Beast that thou art! shall I keep my
+    servant in pain for thy sake?' And when I said, 'Lord, what then shall I
+    do?' He answered me, 'He was but a reed that I spoke through, and I will
+    provide another reed to speak through.' Dalrymple points out that it was
+    a belief in these 'answers from the Lord' that led John Balfour and his
+    comrades to murder Archbishop Sharp.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-96">[96]</a> R. Chambers, in his <i>Traditions</i>, speaking of the time of Johnson's
+    visit, says (i. 21) on the authority of 'an ancient native of Edinburgh
+    that people all knew each other by sight. The appearance of a new face
+    upon the streets was at once remarked, and numbers busied themselves in
+    finding out who and what the stranger was.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-97">[97]</a> It was on this visit to the parliament-house, that Mr. Henry
+    Erskine (brother of Lord Erskine), after being presented to Dr. Johnson
+    by Mr. Boswell, and having made his bow, slipped a shilling into
+    Boswell's hand, whispering that it was for the sight of his <i>bear</i>.WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-98">[98]</a> This is one of the Libraries entitled to a copy of every new work
+    published in the United Kingdom. Hume held the office of librarian at a
+    salary of £40 a year from 1752 to 1757. J.H. Burton's <i>Hume</i>, i.367, 373.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-99">[99]</a> The Edinburgh oyster-cellars were called <i>laigh shops</i>. Chambers's
+    <i>Traditions</i>, ii. 268.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-100">[100]</a> This word is commonly used to signify <i>sullenly, gloomily</i>; and in
+    that sense alone it appears in Dr. Johnson's <i>Dictionary</i>. I suppose he
+    meant by it, 'with an <i>obstinate resolution</i>, similar to that of a
+    sullen man.' BOSWELL. Southey wrote to Scott:&mdash;'Give me more lays, and
+    correct them at leisure for after editions&mdash;not laboriously, but when
+    the amendment comes naturally and unsought for. It never does to sit
+    down doggedly to <i>correct</i>.' Southey's <i>Life</i>, iii. 126. See <i>ante</i>, i.
+    332, for the influence of seasons on composition.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-101">[101]</a> Boswell, <i>post</i>, Nov. 1, writes of '<i>old Scottish</i> enthusiasm,'
+    again italicising these two words.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-102">[102]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 410.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-103">[103]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 354.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-104">[104]</a> Cockburn (<i>Life of Jeffrey</i>, i. 182) writing of the beginning of
+    this century, describes how the General Assembly 'met in those days, as
+    it had done for about 200 years, in one of the aisles of the then grey
+    and venerable cathedral of St. Giles. That plain, square, galleried
+    apartment was admirably suited for the purpose; and it was more
+    interesting from the men who had acted in it, and the scenes it had
+    witnessed, than any other existing room in Scotland. It had beheld the
+    best exertions of the best men in the kingdom ever since the year 1640.
+    Yet was it obliterated in the year 1830 with as much indifference as if
+    it had been of yesterday; and for no reason except a childish desire for
+    new walls and change.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-105">[105]</a> I have hitherto called him Dr. William Robertson, to distinguish
+    him from Dr. James Robertson, who is soon to make his appearance. But
+    <i>Principal</i>, from his being the head of our college, is his usual
+    designation, and is shorter: so I shall use it hereafter. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-106">[106]</a> The dirtiness of the Scotch churches is taken off in <i>The Tale of
+    a Tub</i>, sect. xi:&mdash;'Neither was it possible for the united rhetoric of
+    mankind to prevail with Jack to make himself clean again.' In <i>Humphry
+    Clinker</i> (Letter of Aug. 8) we are told that 'the good people of
+    Edinburgh no longer think dirt and cobwebs essential to the house of
+    God.' Bishop Horne (<i>Essays and Thoughts</i>, p. 45) mentioning 'the maxim
+    laid down in a neighbouring kingdom that <i>cleanliness is not essential
+    to devotion</i>,' continues, 'A Church of England lady once offered to
+    attend the Kirk there, if she might be permitted to have the pew swept
+    and lined. "The pew swept and lined!" said Mess John's wife, "my husband
+    would think it downright popery."' In 1787 he wrote that there are
+    country churches in England 'where, perhaps, three or four noble
+    families attend divine service, which are suffered year after year to be
+    in a condition in which not one of those families would suffer the worst
+    room in their house to continue for a week.' <i>Essays and Thoughts</i>,
+    p. 271.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-107">[107]</a> 'Hume recommended Fergusson's friends to prevail on him to
+    suppress the work as likely to be injurious to his reputation.' When it
+    had great success he said that his opinion remained the same. He had
+    heard Helvetius and Saurin say that they had told Montesquieu that he
+    ought to suppress his <i>Esprit des Lois</i>. They were still convinced that
+    their advice was right. J. H. Burton's <i>Hume</i>, ii. 385-7. It was at
+    Fergusson's house thirteen years later that Walter Scott, a lad of
+    fifteen, saw Burns shed tears over a print by Bunbury of a soldier lying
+    dead on the snow. Lockhart's <i>Scott</i>, i. 185. See <i>ib</i>. vii. 61, for an
+    anecdote of Fergusson.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-108">[108]</a> They were pulled down in 1789. Murray's <i>Handbook for Scotland</i>,
+    ed. 1883, p. 60.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-109">[109]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 128.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-110">[110]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 357, and <i>post</i>, Johnson's <i>Tour into Wales</i>,
+    Aug. 1, 1774.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-111">[111]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'There where no statesman buys,
+        no bishop sells;
+      A virtuous palace where no
+        monarch dwells.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>An Epitaph</i>. Hamilton's Poems, ed. 1760, p. 260. See <i>ante</i>, iii. 150.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-112">[112]</a> The stanza from which he took this line is,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'But then rose up all Edinburgh,
+       They rose up by thousands three;
+     A cowardly Scot came John behind,
+     And ran him through the fair body!'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-113">[113]</a> Johnson described her as 'an old lady, who talks broad Scotch with
+    a paralytick voice, and is scarce understood by her own countrymen.'
+    <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i.109. Lord Shelburne says that 'her husband, the last
+    Duke, could neither read nor write without great difficulty.'
+    Fitzmaurice's <i>Shelburne</i>, i. 11. Dr. A. Carlyle (<i>Auto</i>. p. 107) says
+    that in 1745 he heard her say:&mdash;'I have sworn to be Duchess of Douglas
+    or never to mount a marriage bed.' She married the Duke in 1758. R.
+    Chambers wrote in 1825:&mdash;'It is a curious fact that sixty years ago
+    there was scarcely a close in the High Street but what had as many noble
+    inhabitants as are at this day to be found in the whole town.'
+    <i>Traditions of Edinburgh</i>, ed. 1825, i. 72.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-114">[114]</a> See ante, ii. 154, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-115">[115]</a> Lord Chesterfield wrote from London on Dec. 16, 1760 (<i>Misc.
+    Works</i>, iv. 291):&mdash;'I question whether you will ever see my friend
+    George Faulkner in Ireland again, he is become so great and considerable
+    a man here in the republic of letters; he has a constant table open to
+    all men of wit and learning, and to those sometimes who have neither. I
+    have been able to get him to dine with me but twice.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-116">[116]</a> Dr. Johnson one evening roundly asserted in his rough way that
+    "Swift was a shallow fellow; a very shallow fellow." Mr. Sheridan
+    replied warmly but modestly, "Pardon me, Sir, for differing from you,
+    but I always thought the Dean a very clear writer." Johnson vociferated
+    "All shallows are clear."' <i>Town and Country Mag</i>. Sept. 1769. <i>Notes
+    and Queries</i>, Jan. 1855, p. 62. See <i>ante</i>, iv. 61.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-117">[117]</a> '<i>The Memoirs of Scriblerus</i>,' says Johnson (<i>Works</i>, viii. 298),
+    'seem to be the production of Arbuthnot, with a few touches, perhaps, by
+    Pope.' Swift also was concerned in it. Johnson goes on to shew why 'this
+    joint production of three great writers has never obtained any notice
+    from mankind.' Arbuthnot was the author of <i>John Bull</i>. Swift wrote to
+    Stella on May 10, 1712:&mdash;'I hope you read <i>John Bull</i>. It was a Scotch
+    gentleman, a friend of mine, that wrote it; but they put it upon me.'
+    See <i>ante</i>, i. 425.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-118">[118]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 452, and ii. 318.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-119">[119]</a> Horace, <i>Satires</i>. I. iii. 19.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-120">[120]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 396, and ii. 298.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-121">[121]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 74.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-122">[122]</a> 'At supper there was such conflux of company that I could scarcely
+    support the tumult. I have never been well in the whole journey, and am
+    very easily disordered.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 109.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-123">[123]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 17, and under June 9, 1784.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-124">[124]</a> Johnson was thinking of Sir Matthew Hale for one.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-125">[125]</a> 'It is supposed that there were no executions for witchcraft in
+    England subsequently to the year 1682; but the Statute of I James I, c.
+    12, so minute in its enactments against witches, was not repealed till
+    the 9 Geo. II, c. 5. In Scotland, so late as the year 1722, when the
+    local jurisdictions were still hereditary [see <i>post</i>, Sept. 11], the
+    sheriff of Sutherlandshire condemned a witch to death.' <i>Penny Cyclo</i>.
+    xxvii. 490. In the Bishopric of Wurtzburg, so late as 1750, a nun was
+    burnt for witchcraft: 'Cette malheureuse fille soutint opiniâtrément
+    qu'elle était sorcière.... Elle était folle, ses juges furent imbécilles
+    et barbares.' Voltaire's <i>Works</i>, ed. 1819, xxvi. 285.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-126">[126]</a> A Dane wrote to Garrick from Copenhagen on Dec. 23, 1769:&mdash;'There
+    is some of our retinue who, not understanding a word of your language,
+    mimic your gesture and your action: so great an impression did it make
+    upon their minds, the scene of daggers has been repeated in dumb show a
+    hundred times, and those most ignorant of the English idiom can cry out
+    with rapture, "A horse, a horse; my kingdom for a horse!"' <i>Garrick
+    Corres.</i> i. 375. See <i>ante</i>, vol. iv. under Sept. 30, 1783
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-127">[127]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 466.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-128">[128]</a> Johnson, in the preface to his <i>Dictionary</i> (<i>Works</i>, v. 43),
+    after stating what he had at first planned, continues:&mdash;'But these were
+    the dreams of a poet doomed at last to wake a lexicographer.' See
+    <i>ante</i>, i. 189, note 2, and May I, 1783.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-129">[129]</a> See his letter on this subject in the APPENDIX. BOSWELL. He had
+    been tutor to Hume's nephew and was one of Hume's friends. J.H Burton's
+    <i>Hume</i>, ii. 399.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-130">[130]</a> By the Baron d'Holbach. Voltaire (<i>Works</i>, xii. 212) describes
+    this book as 'Une <i>Philippique</i> contre Dieu.' He wrote to M.
+    Saurin:&mdash;'Ce maudit livre du Système de la Nature est un péché contre
+    nature. Je vous sais bien bon gré de réprouver l'athéisme et d'aimer ce
+    vers: "Si Dieu n'existait pas, il faudrait l'inventer." Je suis rarement
+    content de mes vers, mais j'avoue que j'ai une tendresse de père pour
+    celui-là.' <i>Ib</i>. v. 418.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-131">[131]</a> One of Garrick's correspondents speaks of 'the sneer of one of
+    Johnson's ghastly smiles.' <i>Garrick Corres</i>. i. 334. 'Ghastly smile' is
+    borrowed from <i>Paradise Lost</i>, ii. 846.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-132">[132]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 212. In Chambers's <i>Traditions of Edinburgh</i>, ii.
+    158, is given a comic poem entitled <i>The Court of Session Garland</i>,
+    written by Boswell, with the help, it was said, of Maclaurin.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-133">[133]</a> Dr. John Gregory, Professor of Medicine in the University of
+    Edinburgh, died on Feb. 10 of this year. It was his eldest son James who
+    met Johnson. 'This learned family has given sixteen professors to
+    British Universities.' Chalmers's <i>Biog. Dict.</i> xvi. 289.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-134">[134]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 257, note 3.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-135">[135]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 228.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-136">[136]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 196.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-137">[137]</a> In the original, <i>cursed the form that</i>,
+		&amp;c. Johnson's <i>Works</i>, i.21.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-138">[138]</a> Mistress of Edward IV. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-139">[139]</a> Mistress of Louis XIV. BOSWELL. Voltaire, speaking of the King and
+    Mlle. de La Vallière (not Valiere, as Lord Hailes wrote her name),
+    says:&mdash;'Il goûta avec elle le bonheur rare d'être aimé uniquement pour
+    lui-même.' <i>Siècle de Louis XIV</i>, ch. 25. He describes her penitence in
+    a fine passage. <i>Ib.</i> ch. 26.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-140">[140]</a> Malone, in a note on the <i>Life of Boswell</i> under 1749, says that
+    'this lady was not the celebrated Lady Vane, whose memoirs were given to
+    the public by Dr. Smollett [in <i>Peregrine Pickle</i>], but Anne Vane, who
+    was mistress to Frederick Prince of Wales, and died in 1736, not long
+    before Johnson settled in London.' She is mentioned in a note to Horace
+    Walpole's <i>Letters</i>, 1. cxxxvi.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-141">[141]</a> Catharine Sedley, the mistress of James II, is described by
+    Macaulay, <i>Hist of Eng.</i> ed. 1874, ii. 323.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-142">[142]</a> Dr. A Carlyle (<i>Auto.</i> p. 114) tells how in 1745 he found
+    'Professor Maclaurin busy on the walls on the south side of Edinburgh,
+    endeavoring to make them more defensible [against the Pretender]. He had
+    even erected some small cannon.' See <i>ante</i>, iii, 15, for a ridiculous
+    story told of him by Goldsmith.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-143">[143]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+      'Crudelis ubique
+Luctus, ubique pavor, et plurima
+  mortis imago:'
+    'grim grief on every side,
+And fear on every side there is,
+  and many-faced is death.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Morris, Virgil <i>Aeneids</i>, ii. 368.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-144">[144]</a> Mr. Maclaurin's epitaph, as engraved on a marble tomb-stone, in the
+    Grey-Friars church-yard, Edinburgh:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Infra situs est
+     COLIN MACLAURIN,
+     Mathes. olim in Acad. Edin. Prof.
+     Electus ipso Newtono suadente.
+     H.L.P.F.
+     Non ut nomini paterno consulat,
+     Nam tali auxilio nil eget;
+     Sed ut in hoc infelici campo,
+     Ubi luctus regnant et pavor,
+     Mortalibus prorsus non absit solatium;
+     Hujus enim scripta evolve,
+     Mentemque tantarum rerum capacem
+     Corpori caduco superstitem crede.
+
+		 BOSWELL.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-145">[145]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 437, and <i>post</i>, p. 72.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-146">[146]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'What is't to us, if taxes rise or fall,
+      Thanks to our fortune we pay none at all.
+
+      No statesman e'er will  find it worth his pains
+      To tax our labours and excise our brains.
+      Burthens like these vile earthly buildings bear,
+      No tribute's laid on <i>Castles</i> in the <i>Air</i>'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Churchill's <i>Poems, Night,</i> ed. 1766, i. 89.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-147">[147]</a> Pitt, in 1784, laid a tax of ten shillings a year on every horse
+    'kept for the saddle, or to be put in carriages used solely for
+    pleasure.'<i>Parl. Hist.</i> xxiv. 1028.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-148">[148]</a> In 1763 he published the following description of himself in his
+    <i>Correspondence with Erskine</i>, ed. 1879, p.36. 'The author of the <i>Ode
+    to Tragedy</i> is a most excellent man; he is of an ancient family in the
+    west of Scotland, upon which he values himself not a little. At his
+    nativity there appeared omens of his future greatness. His parts are
+    bright; and his education has been good. He has travelled in
+    post-chaises miles without number. He is fond of seeing much of the
+    world. He eats of every good dish, especially apple-pie. He drinks old
+    hock. He has a very fine temper. He is somewhat of an humorist, and a
+    little tinctured with pride. He has a good manly countenance, and he
+    owns himself to be amorous. He has infinite vivacity, yet is observed at
+    times to have a melancholy cast. He is rather fat than lean, rather
+    short than tall, rather young than old.' He is oddly enough described in
+    Arighi's <i>Histoire de Pascal Paoli</i>, i. 231, 'En traversant la
+    Mediterranée sur de frêles navires pour venir s'asseoir au foyer de la
+    nationalité Corse, des hommes <i>graves</i> tels que Boswel et Volney
+    obéissaient sans doute à un sentiment bien plus élevé qu'au besoin
+    vulgaire d'une puérile curiosité'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-149">[149]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 400.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-150">[150]</a> For <i>respectable</i>, see <i>ante</i>, iii. 241, note 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-151">[151]</a> Boswell, in the last of his <i>Hypochondriacks</i>, says:&mdash;'I perceive
+    that my essays are not so lively as I expected they would be, but they
+    are more learned. And I beg I may not be charged with excessive
+    arrogance when I venture to say that they contain a considerable portion
+    of original thinking.'<i>London Mag</i>. 1783, p. 124.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-152">[152]</a> Burns, in <i>The Author's Earnest Cry and Prayer</i>, says:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'But could I like Montgomeries fight,
+      Or gab like Boswell.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Boswell and Burns were born within a few miles of each other, Boswell
+    being the elder by eighteen years.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+<a name="note-153">[153]</a>
+     'For pointed satire I would Buckhurst choose,
+      The best good man, with the worst-natured muse.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Rochester's <i>Imitations of Horace, Sat</i>. i. 10.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-154">[154]</a> Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. i. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 278, where he wrote to
+    Boswell:&mdash;'I have endeavoured to do you some justice in the first
+    paragraph [of the <i>Journey</i>].' The day before he started for Scotland he
+    wrote to Dr. Taylor:&mdash;'Mr. Boswell, an active lively fellow, is to
+    conduct me round the country.' <i>Notes and Queries</i>, 6th S. v. 422. 'His
+    inquisitiveness,' he said, 'is seconded by great activity.' <i>Works</i>, ix.
+    8. On Oct. 7 he wrote from Skye:&mdash;'Boswell will praise my resolution and
+    perseverance; and I shall in return celebrate his good humour and
+    perpetual cheerfulness.... It is very convenient to travel with him, for
+    there is no house where he is not received with kindness and respect.'
+    <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 198. He told Mrs. Knowles that 'Boswell was the
+    best travelling companion in the world.' <i>Ante</i>, iii. 294. Mr. Croker
+    says (<i>Croker's Boswell</i>, p. 280):&mdash;'I asked Lord Stowell in what
+    estimation he found Boswell amongst his countrymen. "Generally liked as
+    a good-natured jolly fellow," replied his lordship. "But was he
+    respected?" "Well, I think he had about the proportion of respect that
+    you might guess would be shown to a jolly fellow." His lordship thought
+    there was more regard than respect.' <i>Hebrides,</i> p. 40.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-155">[155]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 103, 411.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-156">[156]</a> There were two quarto volumes of this Diary; perhaps one of them
+    Johnson took with him. Boswell had 'accidently seen them and had read a
+    great deal in them,' as he owned to Johnson (<i>ante</i>, under Dec. 9,
+    1784), and moreover had, it should seem, copied from them (<i>ante</i>, i.
+    251). The 'few fragments' he had received from Francis Barber
+    (<i>ante</i>, i. 27).
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-157">[157]</a> In the original 'how much we lost <i>at separation</i>' Johnson's
+    <i>Works</i>, ix. I. Mr. William Nairne was afterwards a Judge of the Court
+    of Sessions by the title of Lord Dunsinnan. Sir Walter Scott wrote of
+    him:&mdash;'He was a man of scrupulous integrity. When sheriff depute of
+    Perthshire, he found upon reflection, that he had decided a poor man's
+    case erroneously; and as the only remedy, supplied the litigant
+    privately with money to carry the suit to the supreme court, where his
+    judgment was reversed.' Croker's <i>Boswell</i>, p. 280.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-158">[158]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Non illic urbes, non tu mirabere silvas:
+      Una est injusti caerula forma maris.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>Ovid. Amor.</i> L. II. El. xi.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Nor groves nor towns the ruthless ocean shows;
+     Unvaried still its azure surface flows.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<center>
+    BOSWELL.
+</center>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-159">[159]</a> See <i>ante</i>. ii. 229.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-160">[160]</a> My friend, General Campbell, Governour of Madras, tells me, that
+    they made <i>speldings</i> in the East-Indies, particularly at Bombay, where
+    they call them <i>Bambaloes</i>. BOSWELL. Johnson had told Boswell that he
+    was 'the most <i>unscottified</i> of his countrymen.'<i>Ante</i>, ii. 242.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-161">[161]</a> 'A small island, which neither of my companions had ever visited,
+    though, lying within their view, it had all their lives solicited their
+    notice.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-162">[162]</a> 'The remains of the fort have been removed to assist in
+    constructing a very useful lighthouse upon the island. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-163">[163]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Unhappy queen!
+      Unwilling I forsook your friendly state.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Dryden. [<i>Aeneid</i>, vi. 460.] BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-164">[164]</a> Dr. A. Carlyle (<i>Auto</i>. p. 331) says of his journey to London in
+    1758:&mdash;'It is to be noted that we could get no four-wheeled chaise
+    till we came to Durham, those conveyances being then only in their
+    infancy. Turnpike roads were only in their commencement in the north.'
+    'It affords a southern stranger,' wrote Johnson (<i>Works</i> ix. 2), 'a new
+    kind of pleasure to travel so commodiously without the interruption of
+    toll-gates.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-165">[165]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 265, for Lord Shelburne's statement on this
+    subject.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-166">[166]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 339, and iii. 205, note 4.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-167">[167]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 46.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-168">[168]</a> The passage quoted by Dr. Johnson is in the <i>Character of the
+    Assembly-man</i>; Butler's <i>Remains</i>, p. 232, edit. 1754:&mdash;'He preaches,
+    indeed, both in season and out of season; for he rails at Popery, when
+    the land is almost lost in Presbytery; and would cry Fire! Fire! in
+    Noah's flood.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    There is reason to believe that this piece was not written by Butler,
+    but by Sir John Birkenhead; for Wood, in his <i>Athenae Oxonienses</i>, vol.
+    ii. p. 640, enumerates it among that gentleman's works, and gives the
+    following account of it:
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>'The Assembly-man</i> (or the character of an assembly-man) written 1647,
+    <i>Lond.</i> 1662-3, in three sheets in qu. The copy of it was taken from the
+    author by those who said they could not rob, because all was theirs; so
+    excised what they liked not; and so mangled and reformed it, that it was
+    no character of an Assembly, but of themselves. At length, after it had
+    slept several years, the author published it to avoid false copies. It
+    is also reprinted in a book entit. <i>Wit and Loyalty revived</i>, in a
+    collection of some smart satyrs in verse and prose on the late times.
+    <i>Lond.</i> 1682, qu. said to be written by Abr. Cowley, Sir John
+    Birkenhead, and Hudibras, alias Sam. Butler.'&mdash;For this information I am
+    indebted to Mr. Reed, of Staple Inn. BOSWELL. This tract is in the
+    <i>Harleian Misc</i>., ed. 1810, vi. 57. Mr. Reed's quotation differs
+    somewhat from it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-169">[169]</a> 'When a Scotchman was talking against Warburton, Johnson said he
+    had more literature than had been imported from Scotland since the days
+    of Buchanan. Upon the other's mentioning other eminent writers of the
+    Scotch; "These will not do," said Johnson, "Let us have some more of
+    your northern lights; these are mere farthing candles."' Johnson's
+    <i>Works</i> (1787), xi. 208. Dr. T. Campbell records (<i>Diary</i>, p. 61) that
+    at the dinner at Mr. Dilly's, described <i>ante</i>, ii. 338, 'Dr. Johnson
+    compared England and Scotland to two lions, the one saturated with his
+    belly full, and the other prowling for prey. He defied any one to
+    produce a classical book written in Scotland since Buchanan. Robertson,
+    he said, used pretty words, but he liked Hume better; and neither of
+    them would he allow to be more to Clarendon than a rat to a cat. "A
+    Scotch surgeon may have more learning than an English one, and all
+    Scotland could not muster learning enough for Lowth's <i>Prelections</i>."'
+    See <i>ante</i>, ii. 363, and March 30, 1783.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-170">[170]</a> The poem is entitled <i>Gualterus Danistonus ad Amicos</i>. It
+    begins:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Dum studeo fungi fallentis munere vitae'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Which Prior imitates:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Studious the busy moments to deceive.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Sir Walter Scott thought that the poem praised by Johnson was 'more
+    likely the fine epitaph on John, Viscount of Dundee, translated by
+    Dryden, and beginning <i>Ultime Scotoruml</i>' Archibald Pitcairne, M.D., was
+    born in 1652, and died in 1713.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-171">[171]</a> My Journal, from this day inclusive, was read by Dr. Johnson.
+    BOSWELL. It was read by Johnson up to the second paragraph of Oct. 26.
+    Boswell, it should seem, once at least shewed Johnson a part of the
+    Journal from which he formed his <i>Life</i>. See <i>ante</i>, iii. 260, where he
+    says:&mdash;'It delighted him on a review to find that his conversation
+    teemed with point and imagery.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-172">[172]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 20, note 4.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-173">[173]</a> Goldsmith, in his <i>Present State of Polite Learning</i>, published in
+    1759, says, (ch. x):&mdash;'When the great Somers was at the helm, patronage
+    was fashionable among our nobility ... Since the days of a certain prime
+    minister of inglorious memory [Sir Robert Walpole] the learned have been
+    kept pretty much at a distance. ... The author, when unpatronised by the
+    Great, has naturally recourse to the bookseller. There cannot be perhaps
+    imagined a combination more prejudicial to taste than this. It is the
+    interest of the one to allow as little for writing, and of the other to
+    write as much as possible; accordingly tedious compilations and
+    periodical magazines are the result of their joint endeavours.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-174">[174]</a> In the first number of <i>The Rambler</i>, Johnson shews how attractive
+    to an author is the form of publication which he was himself then
+    adopting:&mdash;'It heightens his alacrity to think in how many places he
+    shall have what he is now writing read with ecstacies to-morrow.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-175">[175]</a> Yet he said 'the inhabitants of Lichfield were the most sober,
+    decent people in England.' <i>Ante</i>, ii. 463.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-176">[176]</a> At the beginning of the eighteenth century, says Goldsmith,
+    'smoking in the rooms [at Bath] was permitted.' When Nash became King of
+    Bath he put it down. Goldsmith's <i>Works</i>, ed. 1854, iv. 51. 'Johnson,'
+    says Boswell (<i>ante</i>, i. 317), 'had a high opinion of the sedative
+    influence of smoking.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-177">[177]</a> Dr. Johnson used to practise this himself very much. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-178">[178]</a> In <i>The Tatler</i>, for May 24, 1709, we are told that 'rural
+    esquires wear shirts half a week, and are drunk twice a day.' In the
+    year 1720, Fenton urged Gay 'to sell as much South Sea stock as would
+    purchase a hundred a year for life, "which will make you sure of a clean
+    shirt and a shoulder of mutton every day."' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, viii. 65.
+    In <i>Tristram Shandy</i>, ii. ch. 4, published in 1759, we read:&mdash;'It was in
+    this year [about 1700] that my uncle began to break in upon the daily
+    regularity of a clean shirt.' In <i>the Spiritual Quixote</i>, published in
+    1773 (i. 51), Tugwell says to his master:&mdash;'Your Worship belike has been
+    used to shift you twice a week.' Mrs. Piozzi (<i>Journey</i>, i. 105, date of
+    1789) says that she heard in Milan 'a travelled gentleman telling his
+    auditors how all the men in London, <i>that were noble</i>, put on a clean
+    shirt every day.' Johnson himself owned that he had 'no passion for
+    clean linen.' <i>Ante</i>, i. 397.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-179">[179]</a> Scott, in <i>Old Mortality</i>, ed. 1860, ix. 352, says:&mdash;'It was a
+    universal custom in Scotland, that, when the family was at dinner, the
+    outer-gate of the court-yard, if there was one, and if not, the door of
+    the house itself, was always shut and locked.' In a note on this he
+    says:&mdash;'The custom of keeping the door of a house or chateau locked
+    during the time of dinner probably arose from the family being anciently
+    assembled in the hall at that meal, and liable to surprise.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-180">[180]</a> Johnson, writing of 'the chapel of the alienated college,'
+    says:&mdash;'I was always by some civil excuse hindered from entering it.'
+    <i>Works</i>, ix. 4.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-181">[181]</a> George Marline's <i>Reliquiae divi Andreae</i> was published in 1797.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-182">[182]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 171, and iv. 75.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-183">[183]</a> Mr. Chambers says that Knox was buried in a place which soon after
+    became, and ever since has been, a high-way; namely, the old church-yard
+    of St. Giles in Edinburgh. Croker's <i>Boswell</i>, p. 283.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-184">[184]</a> In <i>The Rambler</i>, No. 82, Johnson makes a virtuoso write:&mdash;'I
+    often lamented that I was not one of that happy generation who
+    demolished the convents and monasteries, and broke windows by law.' He
+    had in 1754 'viewed with indignation the ruins of the Abbeys of Oseney
+    and Rewley near Oxford.' Ante, i. 273. Smollett, in <i>Humphry Clinker</i>
+    (Letrer of Aug. 8), describes St. Andrews as 'the skeleton of a
+    venerable city.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-185">[185]</a> 'Some talked of the right of society to the labour of individuals,
+    and considered retirement as a desertion of duty. Others readily allowed
+    that there was a time when the claims of the publick were satisfied, and
+    when a man might properly sequester himself to review his life and
+    purify his heart.' <i>Rasselas</i>, ch. 22.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-186">[186]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 423.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-187">[187]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 5, note 2, and v. 27.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-188">[188]</a> 'He that lives well in the world is better than he that lives well
+    in a monastery. But, perhaps, every one is not able to stem the
+    temptations of publick life, and, if he cannot conquer, he may properly
+    retreat.' <i>Rasselas</i>, ch. 47. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 435.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-189">[189]</a> 'A youthful passion for abstracted devotion should not be
+    encouraged.' <i>Ante</i>, ii. 10. The hermit in <i>Rasselas</i> (ch. 21)
+    says:&mdash;'The life of a solitary man will be certainly miserable, but not
+    certainly devout.' In Johnson's <i>Works</i> (1787), xi. 203, we read that
+    'Johnson thought worse of the vices of retirement than of those of
+    society.' Southey (<i>Life of Wesley</i>, i. 39) writes:&mdash;'Some time before
+    John Wesley's return to the University, he had travelled many miles to
+    see what is called "a serious man." This person said to him, "Sir, you
+    wish to serve God and go to heaven. Remember, you cannot serve Him
+    alone; you must therefore find companions or make them; the Bible knows
+    nothing of solitary religion." Wesley never forgot these words.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-190">[190]</a> [Erga neon, boulai de meson euchai de gerunton. <i>Hesiodi
+    Fragmenta</i>, Lipsiae 1840, p. 371]
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Let youth in deeds, in  counsel man engage;
+     Prayer is the proper duty of old age.
+		 BOSWELL.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-191">[191]</a> One 'sorrowful scene' Johnson was perhaps too late in the year to
+    see. Wesley, who visited St. Andrews on May 27, 1776, during the
+    vacation, writes (<i>Journal</i>, iv. 75):&mdash;'What is left of St. Leonard's
+    College is only a heap of ruins. Two colleges remain. One of them has a
+    tolerable square; but all the windows are broke, like those of a
+    brothel. We were informed the students do this before they leave
+    the college.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-192">[192]</a> 'He was murdered by the ruffians of reformation, in the manner of
+    which Knox has given what he himself calls a merry narrative.' Johnson's
+    <i>Works</i>, ix. 3. In May 1546 the Cardinal had Wishart the Reformer
+    killed, and at the end of the same month he got killed himself.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-193">[193]</a> Johnson says (<i>Works</i>, ix. 5):&mdash;'The doctor, by whom it was
+    shown, hoped to irritate or subdue my English vanity by telling me that
+    we had no such repository of books in England.' He wrote to Mrs. Thrale
+    (<i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 113):&mdash;'For luminousness and elegance it may vie
+    at least with the new edifice at Streatham.' 'The new edifice' was, no
+    doubt, the library of which he took the touching farewell. <i>Ante</i>,
+    iv. 158.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-194">[194]</a> 'Sorrow is properly that state of the mind in which our desires
+    are fixed upon the past, without looking forward to the future, an
+    incessant wish that something were otherwise than it has been, a
+    tormenting and harassing want of some enjoyment or possession which we
+    have lost, and which no endeavours can possibly regain.' <i>The Rambler</i>,
+    No. 47. He wrote to Mrs. Thrale on the death of her son:&mdash;'Do not
+    indulge your sorrow; try to drive it away by either pleasure or pain;
+    for, opposed to what you are feeling, many pains will become pleasures.'
+    <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 310.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-195">[195]</a> See ante, ii. 151.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-196">[196]</a> The Pembroke College grace was written by Camden. It was as
+    follows:&mdash;'Gratias tibi agimus, Deus misericors, pro acceptis a tua
+    bonitate alimentis; enixe comprecantes ut serenissimum nostrum Regem
+    Georgium, totam regiam familiam, populumque tuum universum tuta in pace
+    semper custodies.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-197">[197]</a> Sharp was murdered on May 3, 1679, in a moor near St. Andrews.
+    Burnet's <i>History of his Own time</i>, ed. 1818, ii. 82, and Scott's <i>Old
+    Mortality</i>, ed, 1860, ix. 297, and x. 203.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-198">[198]</a> 'One of its streets is now lost; and in those that remain there is
+    the silence and solitude of inactive indigence and gloomy
+    depopulation.... St. Andrews seems to be a place eminently adapted to
+    study and education.... The students, however, are represented as, at
+    this time, not exceeding a hundred. I saw no reason for imputing their
+    paucity to the present professors.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 4. A student,
+    he adds, of lower rank could get his board, lodging, and instruction for
+    less than ten pounds for the seven months of residence. Stockdale says
+    (<i>Memoirs</i>, i. 238) that 'in St. Andrews, in 1756, for a good bedroom,
+    coals, and the attendance of a servant I paid one shilling a week.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-199">[199]</a> <i>The Compleat Fencing-Master</i>, by Sir William Hope. London, 1691.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-200">[200]</a> 'In the whole time of our stay we were gratified by every mode of
+    kindness, and entertained with all the elegance of lettered hospitality'
+    Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 3.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-201">[201]</a> Dugald Stewart (<i>Life of Adam Smith</i>, p. 107) writes:&mdash;'Mr. Smith
+    observed to me not long before his death, that after all his practice in
+    writing he composed as slowly, and with as great difficulty as at first.
+    He added at the same time that Mr. Hume had acquired so great a facility
+    in this respect, that the last volumes of his <i>History</i> were printed
+    from his original copy, with a few marginal corrections.' See <i>ante</i>,
+    iii. 437 and iv. 12.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-202">[202]</a> Of these only twenty-five have been published: Johnson's <i>Works</i>,
+    ix. 289-525. See <i>ante</i>, iii. 19, note 3, and 181. Johnson wrote on
+    April 20, 1778:&mdash;'I have made sermons, perhaps as readily as formerly.'
+    <i>Pr. and Med.</i> p. 170. 'I should think,' said Lord Eldon, 'that no
+    clergyman ever wrote as many sermons as Lord Stowell. I advised him to
+    burn all his manuscripts of that kind. It is not fair to the clergymen
+    to have it known he wrote them.' Twiss's <i>Eldon</i>, iii. 286. Johnson, we
+    may be sure, had no copy of any of his sermons. That none of them should
+    be known but those he wrote for Taylor is strange.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-203">[203]</a> He made the same statement on June 3, 1781 (<i>ante</i>, iv. 127),
+    adding, 'I should be glad to see it [the translation] now.' This shows
+    that he was not speaking of his translation of <i>Lobo</i>, as Mr. Croker
+    maintains in a note on this passage. I believe he was speaking of his
+    translation of Courayer's <i>Life of Paul Sarpi. Ante</i>, i. 135.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-204">[204]</a> 'As far as I am acquainted with modern architecture, I am aware of
+    no streets which, in simplicity and manliness of style, or general
+    breadth and brightness of effect, equal those of the New Town of
+    Edinburgh. But, etc.' Ruskin's <i>Lectures on Architecture and
+    Painting</i>, p. 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-205">[205]</a> Horace, <i>Odes</i>, ii. 14. 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-206">[206]</a> John Abernethy, a Presbyterian divine. His works in 7 vols. 8vo.
+    were published in 1740-51.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-207">[207]</a> Leechman was principal of Glasgow University (<i>post</i>, Oct. 29). On
+    his appointment to the Chair of Theology he had been prosecuted for
+    heresy for having, in his <i>Sermon on Prayer</i>, omitted to state the
+    obligation to pray in the name of Christ. Dr. A. Carlyle's <i>Auto</i>. p.
+    69. One of his sermons was placed in Hume's hands, apparently that the
+    author might have his suggestions in preparing a second edition. Hume
+    says:&mdash;'First the addressing of our virtuous withes and desires to the
+    Deity, since the address has no influence on him, is only a kind of
+    rhetorical figure, in order to render these wishes more ardent and
+    passionate. This is Mr. Leechman's doctrine. Now the use of any figure
+    of speech can never be a duty. Secondly, this figure, like most figures
+    of rhetoric, has an evident impropriety in it, for we can make use of no
+    expression, or even thought, in prayers and entreaties, which does not
+    imply that these prayers have an influence. Thirdly, this figure is very
+    dangerous, and leads directly, and even unavoidably, to impiety and
+    blasphemy,' etc. J.H. Burton's <i>Hume</i>, i. 161.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-208">[208]</a> Nichols (<i>Lit. Anec.</i> ii. 555) records:&mdash;'During the whole of my
+    intimacy with Dr. Johnson he rarely permitted me to depart without some
+    sententious advice.... His words at parting were, "Take care of your
+    eternal salvation. Remember to observe the Sabbath. Let it never be a
+    day of business, nor wholly a day of dissipation." He concluded his
+    solemn farewell with, "Let my words have their due weight. They are the
+    words of a dying man." I never saw him more.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-209">[209]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 72.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-210">[210]</a> 'From the bank of the Tweed to St. Andrews I had never seen a
+    single tree which I did not believe to have grown up far within the
+    present century.... The variety of sun and shade is here utterly
+    unknown.... A tree might be a show in Scotland as a horse in Venice.
+    At St. Andrews Mr. Boswell found only one, and recommended it to my
+    notice: I told him that it was rough and low, or looked as if I thought
+    so. "This," said he, "is nothing to another a few miles off." I was still
+    less delighted to hear that another tree was not to be seen nearer.
+    "Nay," said a gentleman that stood by, "I know but of this and that tree
+    in the county."' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 7 'In all this journey [so far
+    as Slains Castle] I have not travelled an hundred yards between hedges,
+    or seen five trees fit for the carpenter.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i.120. See
+    <i>ante</i>, ii. 301.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-211">[211]</a> One of the Boswells of this branch was, in 1798, raised to the
+    bench under the title of Lord Balmuto. It was his sister who was
+    Boswell's step-mother. Rogers's <i>Boswelliana,</i> pp. 4, 82.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-212">[212]</a> 'The colony of Leuchars is a vain imagination concerning a certain
+    fleet of Danes wrecked on Sheughy Dikes.' WALTER SCOTT. 'The fishing
+    people on that coast have, however, all the appearance of being a
+    different race from the inland population, and their dialect has many
+    peculiarities.' LOCKHART. Croker's <i>Boswell</i>, p. 286.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-213">[213]</a> 'I should scarcely have regretted my journey, had it afforded
+    nothing more than the sight of Aberbrothick.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 9.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-214">[214]</a> Johnson referred, I believe, to the last of Tillotson's <i>Sermons
+    preached upon Several Occasions</i>, ed. 1673, p. 316, where the preacher
+    says:&mdash;'Supposing the <i>Scripture</i> to be a Divine Revelation, and that
+    these words (<i>This is My Body</i>), if they be in Scripture, must
+    necessarily be taken in the strict and literal sense, I ask now, What
+    greater evidence any man has that these words (<i>This is My Body</i>) are in
+    the Bible than every man has that the bread is not changed in the
+    sacrament? Nay, no man has so much, for we have only the evidence of
+    <i>one</i> sense that these words are in the Bible, but that the bread is not
+    changed we have the concurring testimony of <i>several</i> of our senses.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-215">[215]</a> This also is Tillotson's argument. 'There is no more certain
+    foundation for it [transubstantiation] in Scripture than for our
+    Saviour's being substantially changed into all those things which are
+    said of him, as that he is a <i>rock</i>, a <i>vine</i>, a <i>door</i>, and a hundred
+    other things.' <i>Ib</i>. p. 313.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-216">[216]</a> Then Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, except
+    ye eat the flesh of the son of man, and drink his blood, ye have no life
+    in you. See <i>St. John's Gospel</i>, chap. vi. 53, and following
+    verses. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-217">[217]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 26.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-218">[218]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 140, note 5, and v. 50.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-219">[219]</a> Johnson, after saying that the inn was not so good as they
+    expected, continues:&mdash;'But Mr. Boswell desired me to observe that the
+    innkeeper was an Englishman, and I then defended him as well as I
+    could.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 9.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-220">[220]</a> Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale on July 29, 1775 (<i>Piozzi Letters</i>,
+    i. 292):&mdash;' I hope I shall quickly come to Streatham...and catch a little
+    gaiety among you.' On this Baretti noted in his copy:&mdash;'<i>That</i> he never
+    caught. He thought and mused at Streatham as he did habitually
+    everywhere, and seldom or never minded what was doing about him.' On the
+    margin of i. 315 Baretti has written:&mdash;'Johnson mused as much on the road
+    to Paris as he did in his garret in London as much at a French opera as
+    in his room at Streatham.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-221">[221]</a> <i>A Biographical Sketch of Dr. Samuel Johnson,</i> by Thomas Tyers,
+    Esq. See <i>ante</i>, iii. 308.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-222">[222]</a> This description of Dr. Johnson appears to have been borrowed from
+    Tom Jones, bk. xi. ch. ii. 'The other who, like a ghost, only wanted to
+    be spoke to, readily answered, '&amp;c. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-223">[223]</a> Perhaps he gave the 'shilling extraordinary' because he 'found a
+    church,' as he says, 'clean to a degree unknown in any other part of
+    Scotland.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 9.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-224">[224]</a> See <i>ante,</i> iii. 22.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-225">[225]</a> See <i>ante,</i> May 9, 1784. Yet Johnson says (<i>Works</i>, ix. 10):&mdash;'The
+    magnetism of Lord Monboddo's conversation easily drew us out of
+    our way.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-226">[226]</a> There were several points of similarity between them; learning,
+    clearness of head, precision of speech, and a love of research on many
+    subjects which people in general do not investigate. Foote paid Lord
+    Monboddo the compliment of saying, that he was an Elzevir edition
+    of Johnson.
+</p>
+<p>
+    It has been shrewdly observed that Foote must have meant a diminutive,
+    or <i>pocket</i> edition. BOSWELL. The latter part of this note is not in the
+    first edition.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-227">[227]</a> Lord Elibank (<i>post</i>, Sept. 12) said that he would go five hundred
+    miles to see Dr. Johnson; but Johnson never said more than he meant.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-228">[228]</a> <i>Works</i>, ix. 10. Of the road to Montrose he remarks:&mdash;'When I had
+    proceeded thus far I had opportunities of observing, what I had never
+    heard, that there were many beggars in Scotland. In Edinburgh the the
+    proportion is, I think, not less than in London, and in the smaller
+    places it is far greater than in English towns of the same extent. It
+    must, however, be allowed that they are not importunate, nor clamorous.
+    They solicit silently, or very modestly.' <i>Ib.</i> p. 9. See <i>post</i>, p.
+    116, note 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-229">[229]</a> James Mill was born on April 6, 1773, at Northwater Bridge, parish
+    of Logie Pert, Forfar. The bridge was 'on the great central line of
+    communication from the north of Scotland. The hamlet is right and left
+    of the high road.' Bain's <i>Life of James Mill</i>, p. 1. Boswell and
+    Johnson, on their road to Laurence Kirk, must have passed close to the
+    cottage in which he was lying, a baby not five months old.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-230">[230]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 211.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-231">[231]</a> There is some account of him in Chambers's <i>Traditions of
+    Edinburgh</i>, ed. 1825, ii. 173, and in Dr. A. Carlyle's <i>Auto.</i> p. 136.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-232">[232]</a> G. Chalmers (<i>Life of Ruddiman</i>, p. 270) says:&mdash;'In May, 1790, Lord
+    Gardenston declared that he still intended to erect a proper monument in
+    his village to the memory of the late learned and worthy Mr. Ruddiman.'
+    In 1792 Gardenston, in his <i>Miscellanies</i>, p. 257, attacked Ruddiman.
+    'It has of late become fashionable,' he wrote, 'to speak of Ruddiman in
+    terms of the highest respect.' The monument was never raised.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-233">[233]</a> <i>A Letter to the Inhabitants of Laurence Kirk</i>, by F. Garden.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-234">[234]</a> 'Be not forgetful to entertain strangers: for thereby some have
+    entertained angels unawares.' <i>Hebrews</i> xiii, 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-235">[235]</a> This, I find, is considered as obscure. I suppose Dr. Johnson
+    meant, that I assiduously and earnestly recommended myself to some of
+    the members, as in a canvass for an election into parliament. BOSWELL.
+    See <i>ante</i>, ii, 235.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-236">[236]</a> Goldsmith in <i>Retaliation</i>, a few months later, wrote of William
+    Burke:&mdash;'Would you ask for his merits? alas! he had none; What was good
+    was spontaneous, his faults were his own.' See <i>ante</i>, iii 362, note 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-237">[237]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 260, 390, 425.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-238">[238]</a> Hannah More (<i>Memoirs</i>, i. 252) wrote of Monboddo in 1782:&mdash;'He is
+    such an extravagant adorer of the ancients, that he scarcely allows the
+    English language to be capable of any excellence, still less the French.
+    He said we moderns are entirely degenerated. I asked in what? "In
+    everything," was his answer. He loves slavery upon principle. I asked
+    him how he could vindicate such an enormity. He owned it was because
+    Plutarch justified it. He is so wedded to system that, as Lord
+    Barrington said to me the other day, rather than sacrifice his favourite
+    opinion that men were born with tails, he would be contented to wear
+    one himself.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-239">[239]</a> Scott, in a note on <i>Guy Mannering</i>, ed. 1860, iv. 267, writes of
+    Monboddo:&mdash;'The conversation of the excellent old man, his high,
+    gentleman-like, chivalrous spirit, the learning and wit with which he
+    defended his fanciful paradoxes, the kind and liberal spirit of his
+    hospitality, must render these <i>noctes coenaeque</i> dear to all who, like
+    the author (though then young), had the honour of sitting at his board.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-240">[240]</a> Lord Cockburn, writing of the title that Jeffrey took when he was
+    raised to the Bench in 1834, said:&mdash;'The Scotch Judges are styled
+    <i>Lords</i>; a title to which long usage has associated feelings of
+    reverence in the minds of the people, who could not now be soon made to
+    respect or understand <i>Mr. Justice</i>. During its strongly feudalised
+    condition, the landholders of Scotland, who were almost the sole judges,
+    were really known only by the names of their estates. It was an insult,
+    and in some parts of the country it is so still, to call a laird by his
+    personal, instead of his territorial, title. But this assumption of two
+    names, one official and one personal, and being addressed by the one and
+    subscribing by the other, is wearing out, and will soon disappear
+    entirely.' Cockburn's <i>Jeffrey</i>, i. 365. See <i>post</i>, p. 111, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-241">[241]</a> <i>Georgics</i>, i. 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-242">[242]</a> Walter Scott used to tell an instance of Lord Monboddo's
+    agricultural enthusiasm, that returning home one night after an absence
+    (I think) on circuit, he went out with a candle to look at a field of
+    turnips, then a novelty in Scotland. CROKER.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-243">[243]</a> Johnson says the same in his <i>Life of John Philips</i>, and adds:&mdash;
+    'This I was told by Miller, the great gardener and botanist, whose
+    experience was, that "there were many books written on the same subject
+    in prose, which do not contain so much truth as that poem."' <i>Works</i>,
+    vii. 234. Miller is mentioned in Walpole's <i>Letters</i>, ii. 352:&mdash;'There is
+    extreme taste in the park [Hagley]: the seats are not the best, but
+    there is not one absurdity. There is a ruined castle built by Miller,
+    that would get him his freedom, even of Strawberry: it has the true rust
+    of the Barons' Wars.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-244">[244]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 27.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-245">[245]</a> My note of this is much too short. <i>Brevis esse laboro, obscurus
+    fio</i>. ['I strive to be concise, I prove obscure.' FRANCIS. Horace, <i>Ars
+    Poet</i>. l. 25.] Yet as I have resolved that <i>the very Journal which Dr.
+    Johnson read</i>, shall be presented to the publick, I will not expand the
+    text in any considerable degree, though I may occasionally supply a word
+    to complete the sense, as I fill up the blanks of abbreviation, in the
+    writing; neither of which can be said to change the genuine <i>Journal</i>.
+    One of the best criticks of our age conjectures that the imperfect
+    passage above was probably as follows: 'In his book we have an accurate
+    display of a nation in war, and a nation in peace; the peasant is
+    delineated as truly as the general; nay, even harvest-sport, and the
+    modes of ancient theft are described.' BOSWELL. 'One of the best
+    criticks is, I believe, Malone, who had 'perused the original
+    manuscript.' See <i>ante</i>, p. 1; and <i>post</i>, Oct. 26, and under Nov. 11.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-246">[246]</a> It was in the Parliament-house that 'the ordinary Lords of
+    Session,' the Scotch Judges, that is to say, held their courts.
+    <i>Ante</i>, p. 39.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-247">[247]</a> Dr. Johnson modestly said, he had not read Homer so much as he
+    wished he had done. But this conversation shews how well he was
+    acquainted with the Maeonian bard; and he has shewn it still more in his
+    criticism upon Pope's <i>Homer</i>, in his <i>Life</i> of that Poet. My excellent
+    friend, Mr. Langton, told me, he was once present at a dispute between
+    Dr. Johnson and Mr. Burke, on the comparative merits of Homer and
+    Virgil, which was carried on with extraordinary abilities on both sides.
+    Dr. Johnson maintained the superiority of Homer. BOSWELL. Johnson told
+    Windham that he had never read through the Odyssey in the original.
+    Windham's <i>Diary</i>, p. 17. See <i>ante</i>, iii. 193, and May 1, 1783.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-248">[248]</a> Johnson ten years earlier told Boswell that he loved most 'the
+    biographical part of literature.' <i>Ante</i>, i. 425. Goldsmith said of
+    biography:&mdash;'It furnishes us with an opportunity of giving advice freely
+    and without offence.... Counsels as well as compliments are best
+    conveyed in an indirect and oblique manner, and this renders biography
+    as well as fable a most convenient vehicle for instruction. An ingenious
+    gentleman was asked what was the best lesson for youth; he answered,
+    "The life of a good man." Being again asked what was the next best, he
+    replied, "The life of a bad one."' Prior's <i>Goldsmith</i>, i. 395.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-249">[249]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 57.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-250">[250]</a> Ten years later he said:&mdash;'There is now a great deal more
+    learning in the world than there was formerly; for it is universally
+    diffused.' <i>Ante</i>, April 29,1783. Windham (<i>Diary</i>, p. 17) records
+    'Johnson's opinion that I could not name above five of my college
+    acquaintances who read Latin with sufficient ease to make it
+    pleasurable.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-251">[251]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 352.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-252">[252]</a> 'Warburton, whatever was his motive, undertook without
+    solicitation to rescue Pope from the talons of Crousaz, by freeing him
+    from the imputation of favouring fatality, or rejecting revelation; and
+    from month to month continued a vindication of the <i>Essay on Man</i> in the
+    literary journal of that time, called the <i>Republick of Letters'</i>
+    Johnson's <i>Works</i>, viii. 289. Pope wrote to Warburton of the <i>Essay on
+    Man</i>:&mdash;'You understand my work better than I do myself.' Pope's <i>Works</i>,
+    ed. 1886, ix. 211.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-253">[253]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 37, note I, and Pope's <i>Works</i>, ed. 1886, ix. 220.
+    Allen was Ralph Allen of Prior Park near Bath, to whom Fielding
+    dedicated <i>Amelia</i>, and who is said to have been the original of
+    Allworthy in <i>Tom Jones</i>. It was he of whom Pope wrote:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Let low-born Allen, with an awkward shame,
+      Do good by stealth and blush to find it fame.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>Epilogue to the Satires</i>, i. 135.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <i>Low-born</i> in later editions was changed to <i>humble</i>. Warburton not only
+    married his niece, but, on his death, became in her right owner of
+    Prior Park.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-254">[254]</a> Mr. Mark Pattison (<i>Satires of Pope</i>, p. 158) points out
+    Warburton's 'want of penetration in that subject [metaphysics] which he
+    considered more peculiarly his own.' He said of 'the late Mr. Baxter'
+    (Andrew Baxter, not Richard Baxter), that 'a few pages of his reasoning
+    have not only more sense and substance than all the elegant discourses
+    of Dr. Berkeley, but infinitely better entitle him to the character of a
+    great genius.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-255">[255]</a> It is of Warburton that Churchill wrote in <i>The Duellist (Poems,</i>
+    ed. 1766, ii. 82):&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'To prove his faith which all admit
+      Is at least equal to his wit,
+      And make himself a man of note,
+      He in defence of Scripture wrote;
+      So long he wrote, and long about it,
+      That e'en believers 'gan to doubt it.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-256">[256]</a> I find some doubt has been entertained concerning Dr. Johnson's
+    meaning here. It is to be supposed that he meant, 'when a king shall
+    again be entertained in Scotland.' BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-257">[257]</a> Perhaps among these ladies was the Miss Burnet of Monboddo, on
+    whom Burns wrote an elegy.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-258">[258]</a> In the <i>Rambler</i>, No. 98, entitled <i>The Necessity of Cultivating
+    Politeness</i>, Johnson says:&mdash;'The universal axiom in which all
+    complaisance is included, and from which flow all the formalities which
+    custom has established in civilized nations, is, <i>That no man shall give
+    any preference to himself.'</i> In the same paper, he says that
+    'unnecessarily to obtrude unpleasing ideas is a species of oppression.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-259">[259]</a> Act ii. sc. 5.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-260">[260]</a> Perhaps he was referring to Polyphemus's club, which was
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Of height and bulk so vast
+      The largest ship might claim it for a mast.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Pope's <i>Odyssey</i>, ix. 382.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Or to Agamemnon's sceptre:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Which never more shall leaves or blossoms bear.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>Iliad</i>, i. 310.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-261">[261]</a> 'We agreed pretty well, only we disputed in adjusting the claims
+    of merit between a shopkeeper of London and a savage of the American
+    wildernesses. Our opinions were, I think, maintained on both sides
+    without full conviction; Monboddo declared boldly for the savage, and I,
+    perhaps for that reason, sided with the citizen.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>,
+    i. 115.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-262">[262]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Heroes are much the same, the point's agreed,
+      From Macedonia's madman to the Swede;
+      The whole strange purpose of their lives to find,
+      Or make, an enemy of all mankind!
+      Not one looks backward, onward still he goes,
+      Yet ne'er looks forward further than his nose.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>Essay on Man,</i> iv. 219.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-263">[263]</a> <i>Maccaroni</i> is not in Johnson's <i>Dictionary</i>. Horace Walpole
+    (<i>Letters</i>, iv. 178) on Feb. 6, 1764, mentions 'the Maccaroni Club,
+    which is composed of all the travelled young men who wear long curls and
+    spying-glasses.' On the following Dec. 16 he says:&mdash;'The Maccaroni Club
+    has quite absorbed Arthur's; for, you know, old fools will hobble after
+    young ones.' <i>Ib.</i> p. 302. See <i>post</i>, Sept. 12, for <i>buck</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-264">[264]</a> 'We came late to Aberdeen, where I found my dear mistress's
+    letter, and learned that all our little people were happily recovered of
+    the measles. Every part of your letter was pleasing.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>,
+    i. 115. For Johnson's use of the word <i>mistress</i> in speaking of Mrs.
+    Thrale see <i>ante</i>, i. 494.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-265">[265]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 455. 'They taught us,' said one of the Professors,
+    'to raise cabbage and make shoes, How they lived without shoes may yet
+    be seen; but in the passage through villages it seems to him that
+    surveys their gardens, that when they had not cabbage they had nothing.'
+    <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 116. Johnson in the same letter says that 'New
+    Aberdeen is built of that granite which is used for the <i>new</i> pavement
+    in London.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-266">[266]</a> 'In Aberdeen I first saw the women in plaids.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>,
+    i. 116.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-267">[267]</a> Seven years later Mackintosh, on entering King's College, found
+    there the son of Johnson's old friend, 'the learned Dr. Charles Burney,
+    finishing his term at Aberdeen.' Among his fellow-students were also
+    some English Dissenters, among them Robert Hall. Mackintosh's <i>Life,</i> i.
+    10, 13. In Forbes's <i>Life of Beattie</i> (ed. 1824, p. 169) is a letter by
+    Beattie, dated Oct. 15, 1773, in which the English and Scotch
+    Universities are compared. Colman, in his <i>Random Records,</i> ii. 85,
+    gives an account of his life at Aberdeen as a student.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-268">[268]</a> Lord Bolingbroke (Works, iii. 347) in 1735 speaks of 'the little
+    care that is taken in the training up our youth,' and adds, 'surely it
+    is impossible to take less.' See <i>ante</i>, ii. 407, and iii. 12.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-269">[269]</a> <i>London, 2d May</i>, 1778. Dr. Johnson acknowledged that he was
+    himself the authour of the translation above alluded to, and dictated it
+    to me as follows:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Quos laudet vates Graius Romanus et Anglus
+     Tres tria temporibus secla dedere suis.
+     Sublime ingenium Graius; Romanus habebat
+     Carmen grande sonans; Anglus utrumque tulit.
+     Nil majus Natura capit: clarare priores
+     Quae potuere duos tertius unus habet.    BOSWELL.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    It was on May 2, 1778, that Johnson attacked Boswell with such rudeness
+    that he kept away from him for a week. <i>Ante</i>, iii. 337.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-270">[270]</a> 'We were on both sides glad of the interview, having not seen nor
+    perhaps thought on one another for many years; but we had no emulation,
+    nor had either of us risen to the other's envy, and our old kindness was
+    easily renewed.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 117.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-271">[271]</a> Johnson wrote on Sept. 30:&mdash;'Barley-broth is a constant dish, and
+    is made well in every house. A stranger, if he is prudent, will secure
+    his share, for it is not certain that he will be able to eat anything
+    else.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. p. 160.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-272">[272]</a> See <i>ante</i>. p. 24.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-273">[273]</a> <i>Genesis</i>, ix. 6.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-274">[274]</a> My worthy, intelligent, and candid friend, Dr. Kippis, informs me,
+    that several divines have thus explained the mediation of our Saviour.
+    What Dr. Johnson now delivered, was but a temporary opinion; for he
+    afterwards was fully convinced of the <i>propitiatory sacrifice</i>, as I
+    shall shew at large in my future work, <i>The Life of Samuel Johnson,
+    LL.D.</i> BOSWELL. For Dr. Kippis see <i>ante</i>, iii. 174, and for Johnson on
+    the propitiatory sacrifice, iv. 124.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-275">[275]</a> <i>Malachi</i>, iv. 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-276">[276]</a> <i>St. Luke</i>, ii 32.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-277">[277]</a> 'Healing <i>in</i> his wings,'<i>Malachi</i>, iv. 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-278">[278]</a> 'He that believeth and is baptised shall be saved; but he that
+    believeth not shall be damned.' <i>St. Mark</i>, xvi. 16.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-279">[279]</a> Mr. Langton. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 254, 265.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-280">[280]</a> Spedding's <i>Bacon</i>, vii. 271. The poem is also given in <i>The
+    Golden Treasury</i>, p. 37; where, however, 'limns <i>the</i> water' is changed
+    into 'limns <i>on</i> water.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-281">[281]</a> 'Addison now returned to his vocation, and began to plan literary
+    occupations for his future life. He purposed a tragedy on the death of
+    Socrates... He engaged in a nobler work, a defence of the Christian
+    religion, of which part was published after his death.' Johnson's
+    <i>Works</i>, vii. 441, and Addison's <i>Works</i>, ed. 1856, v. 103.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-282">[282]</a> Dr. Beattie was so kindly entertained in England, that he had not
+    yet returned home. BOSWELL. Beattie was staying in London till his
+    pension got settled. Early in July he had been told that he was to have
+    a pension of £200 a year (<i>ante</i>, ii. 264, note 2). It was not till Aug.
+    20 that it was conferred. On July 9, he, in company with Sir Joshua
+    Reynolds, received the degree of D.C.L. at Oxford. On Aug. 24, he had a
+    long interview with the King; 'who asked,' Beattie records, 'whether we
+    had any good preachers at Aberdeen. I said "Yes," and named Campbell and
+    Gerard, with whose names, however, I did not find that he was
+    acquainted.' It was this same summer that Reynolds painted him in 'the
+    allegorical picture representing the triumph of truth over scepticism
+    and infidelity' (<i>post</i>, Oct. 1, note). Forbes's <i>Beattie</i>, ed. 1824,
+    pp. 151-6, 167.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-283">[283]</a> Dr. Johnson's burgess-ticket was in these words:&mdash;'Aberdoniae,
+    vigesimo tertio die mensis Augusti, anno Domini millesimo
+    septingentesimo septuagesimo tertio, in presentia honorabilium virorum,
+    Jacobi Jopp, armigeri, praepositi, Adami Duff, Gulielmi Young, Georgii
+    Marr, et Gulielmi Forbes, Balivorum, Gulielmi Rainie Decani guildae, et
+    Joannis Nicoll Thesaurarii dicti burgi. 'Quo die vir generosus et
+    doctrina clarus, Samuel Johnson, LL.D. receptus et admissus fuit in
+    municipes et fratres guildae: praefati burgi de Aberdeen. In deditissimi
+    amoris et affectus ac eximiae observantiae tesseram, quibus dicti
+    Magistratus eum amplectuntur. Extractum per me, ALEX. CARNEGIE.'
+    BOSWELL. 'I was presented with the freedom of the city, not in a gold
+    box, but in good Latin. Let me pay Scotland one just praise; there was
+    no officer gaping for a fee; this could have been said of no city on the
+    English side of the Tweed.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 117. Baretti, in a MS.
+    note on this passage, says:&mdash;'Throughout England nothing is done for
+    nothing. Stop a moment to look at the rusticks mowing a field, and they
+    will presently quit their work to come to you, and ask something to
+    drink.' Aberdeen conferred its freedom so liberally about this time that
+    it is surprising that Boswell was passed over. George Colman the
+    younger, when a youth of eighteen, was sent to King's College. He says
+    in his worthless <i>Random Records</i>, ii. 99:&mdash;'I had scarcely been a week
+    in Old Aberdeen, when the Lord Provost of the New Town invited me to
+    drink wine with him one evening in the Town Hall; there I found a
+    numerous company assembled. The object of this meeting was soon declared
+    to me by the Lord Provost, who drank my health, and presented me with
+    the freedom of the City.' Two of his English fellow-students, of a
+    little older standing, had, he said, received the same honour. His
+    statement seemed to me incredible; but by the politeness of the
+    Town-clerk, W. Gordon, Esq., I have found out that in the main it is
+    correct. Colman, with one of the two, was admitted as an Honorary
+    Burgess on Oct. 8, 1781, being described as <i>vir generosus</i>; the other
+    had been admitted earlier. The population of Aberdeen and its suburbs in
+    1769 was, according to Pennant, 16,000. Pennant's <i>Tour</i>, p. 117.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-284">[284]</a> 'King's College in Aberdeen was an exact model of the University
+    of Paris. Its founder, Bishop [not Archbishop] Elphinstone, had been a
+    Professor at Paris and at Orleans.' Burton's <i>Scotland</i>, ed. 1873, iii.
+    404. On p. 20, Dr. Burton describes him as 'the rich accomplished
+    scholar and French courtier Elphinstone, munificently endowing a
+    University after the model of the University of Paris.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-285">[285]</a> Boswell projected the following works:&mdash;1. An edition of
+    <i>Johnson's Poems. Ante</i>, i. 16. 2. A work in which the merit of
+    Addison's poetry shall be maintained, <i>ib</i>. p. 225. 3. A <i>History of
+    Sweden</i>, ii. 156. 4. A<i> Life of Thomas Ruddiman, ib.</i> p. 216. 5. An
+    edition of Walton's<i> Lives</i> iii. 107. 6. A <i>History of the Civil War in</i>
+    <i>Great Britain in</i> 1745 and 1746, <i>ib.</i>, p. 162.
+</p>
+<p>
+    7. A <i>Life of Sir Robert Sibbald, ib.</i> p. 227. 8 An account of his own
+    Travels, <i>ib</i>. p. 300. 9. A Collection, with notes, of old tenures and
+    charters of Scotland, <i>ib</i>. p. 414, note 3. 10. A <i>History of James IV.</i>
+    11. 'A quarto volume to be embellished with fine plates, on the subject
+    of the controversy (<i>ante</i>, ii. 367) occasioned by the <i>Beggar's
+    Opera.</i>' Murray's <i>Johnsoniana</i>, ed. 1836, p. 502.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Thomas Boswell received from James IV. the estate of Auchinleck. <i>Ante</i>,
+    ii. 413. See <i>post</i>, Nov. 4.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-286">[286]</a> Mackintosh says, in his <i>Life</i>, i. 9:&mdash;'In October, 1780, I was
+    admitted into the Greek class, then taught by Mr. Leslie, who did not
+    aspire beyond teaching us the first rudiments of the language; more
+    would, I believe, have been useless to his scholars.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-287">[287]</a> 'Boswell was very angry that the Aberdeen professors would not
+    talk.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 118. Dr. Robertson and Dr. Blair, whom
+    Boswell, five years earlier, invited to meet Johnson at supper, 'with an
+    excess of prudence hardly opened their lips' (<i>ante</i>, ii. 63). At
+    Glasgow the professors did not dare to talk much (<i>post</i>, Oct. 29). On
+    another occasion when Johnson came in, the company 'were all as quiet as
+    a school upon the entrance of the headmaster.' <i>Ante</i>, iii. 332.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-288">[288]</a> Dr. Beattie says that this printer was Strahan. He had seen the
+    letter mentioned by Gerard, and many other letters too from the Bishop
+    to Strahan. 'They were,' he continues, 'very particularly acquainted.'
+    He adds that 'Strahan was eminently skilled in composition, and had
+    corrected (as he told me himself) the phraseology of both Mr. Hume and
+    Dr. Robertson.' Forbes's <i>Beattie</i>, ed. 1824, p. 341.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-289">[289]</a> An instance of this is given in Johnson's <i>Works</i>, viii.
+    288:&mdash;'Warburton had in the early part of his life pleased himself with
+    the notice of inferior wits, and corresponded with the enemies of Pope.
+    A letter was produced, when he had perhaps himself forgotten it, in
+    which he tells Concanen, "Dryden, I observe, borrows for want of
+    leisure, and Pope for want of genius; Milton out of pride, and Addison
+    out of modesty."'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-290">[290]</a> 'Goldsmith asserted that Warburton was a weak writer. "Warburton,"
+    said Johnson, "may be absurd, but he will never be weak; he flounders
+    well."' Stockdale's <i>Memoirs</i>, ii. 64. See Appendix A.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-291">[291]</a> <i>The Doctrine of Grace; or the Office and Operations of the Holy
+    Spirit vindicated from the Insults of Infidelity and the Abuses of
+    Fanaticism</i>, 1762.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-292">[292]</a> <i>A Letter to the Bishop of Gloucester, occasioned by his Tract on
+    the Office and Operations of the Holy Spirit</i>, by John Wesley, 1762.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-293">[293]</a> Malone records:&mdash;'I could not find from Mr. Walpole that his
+    father [Sir Robert] read any other book but Sydenham in his retirement.'
+    To his admiration of Sydenham his death was attributed; for it led him
+    to treat himself wrongly when he was suffering from the stone. Prior's
+    <i>Malone</i>, p. 387. Johnson wrote a <i>Life of Sydenham</i>. In it he ridicules
+    the notion that 'a man eminent for integrity <i>practised Medicine by
+    chance, and grew wise only by murder</i>.' <i>Works</i>, vi. 409.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-294">[294]</a> All this, as Dr. Johnson suspected at the time, was the immediate
+    invention of his own lively imagination; for there is not one word of it
+    in Mr. Locke's complimentary performance. My readers will, I have no
+    doubt, like to be satisfied, by comparing them; and, at any rate, it may
+    entertain them to read verses composed by our great metaphysician, when
+    a Bachelor in Physick. AUCTORI, IN TRACTATUM EJUS DE FEBRIBUS.
+</p>
+
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Febriles aestus, victumque ardoribus orbem
+       Flevit, non tantis par Medicina malis.
+     Nam post mille artes, medicae tentamina curae,
+       Ardet adhuc Febris; nec velit arte regi.
+     Praeda sumus flammis; solum hoc speramus ab igne,
+       Ut restet paucus, quem capit urna, cinis.
+     Dum quaerit medicus febris caussamque, modumque,
+       Flammarum &amp; tenebras, &amp; sine luce faces;
+     Quas tractat patitur flammas, &amp; febre calescens,
+       Corruit ipse suis victima rapta focis.
+     Qui tardos potuit morbos, artusque trementes,
+       Sistere, febrili se videt igne rapi.
+     Sic faber exesos fulsit tibicine muros;
+       Dum trahit antiquas lenta ruina domos.
+     Sed si flamma vorax miseras incenderit aedes,
+       Unica flagrantes tunc sepelire salus.
+     Fit fuga, tectonicas nemo tunc invocat artes;
+       Cum perit artificis non minus usta domus.
+     Se tandem <i>Sydenham</i> febrisque Scholaeque furori
+       Opponens, morbi quaerit, &amp; artis opem.
+     Non temere incusat tectae putedinis [putredinis] ignes;
+       Nec fictus, febres qui fovet, humor erit.
+     Non bilem ille movet, nulla hic pituita; Salutis
+       Quae spes, si fallax ardeat intus aqua?
+     Nec doctas magno rixas ostentat hiatu,
+       Quîs ipsis major febribus ardor inest.
+     Innocuas placide corpus jubet urere flammas,
+       Et justo rapidos temperat igne focos.
+     Quid febrim exstinguat, varius quid postulet usus,
+       Solari aegrotos, qua potes arte, docet,
+     Hactenus ipsa suum timuit Natura calorem,
+       Dum saepe incerto, quo calet, igne perit:
+     Dum reparat tacitos male provida sanguinis ignes,
+       Praslusit busto, fit calor iste rogus.
+     Jam secura suas foveant praecordia flammas,
+       Quem Natura negat, dat Medicina modum.
+     Nec solum faciles compescit sanguinis aestus,
+       Dum dubia est inter spemque metumque salus;
+     Sed fatale malum domuit, quodque astra malignum
+       Credimus, iratam vel genuisse <i>Stygem</i>.
+     Extorsit <i>Lachesi</i> cultros, Pestique venenum
+       Abstulit, &amp; tantos non sinit esse metus.
+     Quis tandem arte nova domitam mitescere Pestem
+       Credat, &amp; antiquas ponere posse minas?
+     Post tot mille neces, cumulataque funera busto,
+       Victa jacet parvo vulnere dira Lues.
+     Aetheriae quanquam spargunt contagia flammae,
+       Quicquid inest istis ignibus, ignis erit.
+     Delapsae coelo flammae licet acrius urant
+       Has gelida exstingui non nisi morte putas?
+     Tu meliora paras victrix Medicina; tuusque,
+       Pestis quae superat cuncta, triumphus eris [erit].
+     Vive liber, victis febrilibus ignibus; unus
+       Te simul &amp; mundum qui manet, ignis erit.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    J. LOCK, A.M. Ex. Aede Christi, Oxon. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-295">[295]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 126, 298.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-296">[296]</a> 'One of its ornaments [i.e. of
+    Marischal College] is the picture of
+    Arthur Johnston, who was principal
+    of the college, and who holds among
+    the Latin Poets of Scotland the next
+    place to the elegant Buchanan.'
+    Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 12. Pope
+    attacking Benson, who endeavoured
+    to raise himself to fame by erecting
+    monuments to Milton, and printing
+    editions of Johnson's version of
+    the <i>Psalms</i>, introduces the Scotch
+    Poet in the <i>Dunciad</i>:&mdash;
+    On two unequal crutches propped
+    he came,
+    Milton's on this, on that one Johnston's
+    name.'
+    <i>Dunciad</i>, bk. iv. l. III.
+    Johnson wrote to Boswell for a copy
+    of Johnston's <i>Poems</i> (<i>ante</i>, iii. 104)
+    and for his likeness (<i>ante</i>, March 18, 1784).
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-297">[297]</a> 'Education is here of the same price as at St. Andrews, only the
+    session is but from the 1st of November to the 1st of April' [five
+    months, instead of seven]. <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 116. In his <i>Works</i> (ix.
+    14) Johnson by mistake gives eight months to the St. Andrews session. On
+    p. 5 he gives it rightly as seven.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-298">[298]</a> Beattie, as an Aberdeen professor, was grieved at this saying when
+    he read the book. 'Why is it recorded?' he asked. 'For no reason that I
+    can imagine, unless it be in order to return evil for good.' Forbes's
+    <i>Beattie</i>, ed. 1824. p. 337.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-299">[299]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 336, and iii. 209.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-300">[300]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 65, and <i>post</i>, Nov. 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-301">[301]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 411. Johnson, no doubt, was reminded of this story
+    by his desire to get this book. Later on (<i>ante</i>, iii. 104) he asked
+    Boswell 'to be vigilant and get him Graham's <i>Telemachus</i>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-302">[302]</a> I am sure I have related this story exactly as Dr. Johnson told it
+    to me; but a friend who has often heard him tell it, informs me that he
+    usually introduced a circumstance which ought not to be omitted. 'At
+    last, Sir, Graham, having now got to about the pitch of looking at one
+    man, and talking to another, said <i>Doctor</i>, &amp;c.' 'What effect (Dr.
+    Johnson used to add) this had on Goldsmith, who was as irascible as a
+    hornet, may be easily conceived.' BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-303">[303]</a> Graham was of Eton College.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-304">[304]</a> It was to Johnson that the invitation was due. 'What I was at the
+    English Church at Aberdeen I happened to be espied by Lady Dr.
+    Middleton, whom I had sometime seen in London; she told what she had
+    seen to Mr. Boyd, Lord Errol's brother, who wrote us an invitation to
+    Lord Errol's house.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 118. Boswell, perhaps, was not
+    unwilling that the reader should think that it was to him that the
+    compliment was paid.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-305">[305]</a> 'In 1745 my friend, Tom Cumming the Quaker, said he would not
+    fight, but he would drive an ammunition cart.' <i>Ante</i>, April 28, 1783.
+    Smollett (<i>History of England</i>, iv. 293) describes how, in 1758, the
+    conquest of Senegal was due to this 'sensible Quaker,' 'this honest
+    Quaker,' as he calls him, who not only conceived the project, but 'was
+    concerned as a principal director and promoter of the expedition. If it
+    was the first military scheme of any Quaker, let it be remembered it was
+    also the first successful expedition of this war, and one of the first
+    that ever was carried on according to the pacifick system of the
+    Quakers, without the loss of a drop of blood on either side.' If there
+    was no bloodshed, it was by good luck, for 'a regular engagement was
+    warmly maintained on both sides.' It was a Quaker, then, who led the van
+    in the long line of conquests which have made Chatham's name so famous.
+    Mrs. Piozzi (<i>Anec</i>. p. 185) says:&mdash;'Dr. Johnson told me that Cummyns
+    (sic) the famous Quaker, whose friendship he valued very highly, fell a
+    sacrifice to the insults of the newspapers; having declared to him on
+    his death-bed, that the pain of an anonymous letter, written in some of
+    the common prints of the day, fastened on his heart, and threw him into
+    the slow fever of which he died.' Mr. Seward records (<i>Anec</i>. ii.
+    395):&mdash;'Mr. Cummins, the celebrated American Quaker, said of Mr. Pitt
+    (Lord Chatham):&mdash;"The first time I come to Mr. Pitt upon any business I
+    find him extremely ignorant; the second time I come to him, I find him
+    completely informed upon it."'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-306">[306]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 232.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-307">[307]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 46.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-308">[308]</a> 'From the windows the eye wanders over the sea that separates
+    Scotland from Norway, and when the winds beat with violence, must enjoy
+    all the terrifick grandeur of the tempestuous ocean. I would not for any
+    amusement wish for a storm; but as storms, whether wished or not, will
+    sometimes happen, I may say, without violation of humanity, that I
+    should willingly look out upon them from Slanes Castle.' Johnson's
+    <i>Works</i>, ix. 15.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-309">[309]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 68.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-310">[310]</a> Horace. <i>Odes</i>, i. 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-311">[311]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 428.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-312">[312]</a> Perhaps the poverty of their host led to this talk. Sir Walter
+    Scott wrote in 1814:&mdash;'Imprudence, or ill-fortune as fatal as the sands
+    of Belhelvie [shifting sands that had swallowed up a whole parish], has
+    swallowed up the estate of Errol, excepting this dreary mansion-house
+    and a farm or two adjoining.' Lockhart's <i>Scott</i>, ed. 1839, iv. 187.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-313">[313]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 421, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-314">[314]</a> Since the accession of George I. only one parliament had had so
+    few as five sessions, and it was dissolved before its time by his death.
+    One had six sessions, six seven sessions, (including the one that was
+    now sitting,) and one eight. There was therefore so little dread of a
+    sudden dissolution that for five years of each parliament the members
+    durst contradict the populace.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-315">[315]</a> To Miss Burney Johnson once said:&mdash;'Sir Joshua Reynolds possesses
+    the largest share of inoffensiveness of any man that I know.' <i>Memoirs
+    of Dr. Burney</i>, i. 343. 'Once at Mr. Thrale's, when Reynolds left the
+    room, Johnson observed:&mdash;"There goes a man not to be spoiled by
+    prosperity."' Northcote's <i>Reynolds</i>, i. 82. Burke wrote of him:&mdash;'He
+    had a strong turn for humour, and well saw the weak sides of things. He
+    enjoyed every circumstance of his good fortune, and had no affectation
+    on that subject. And I do not know a fault or weakness of his that he
+    did not convert into something that bordered on a virtue, instead of
+    pushing it to the confines of a vice.' Taylor's <i>Reynolds</i>, ii. 638.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-316">[316]</a> He visited Devonshire in 1762. <i>Ante</i>, i. 377.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-317">[317]</a> Horace Walpole, describing the coronation of George III, writes:&mdash;
+    'One there was ... the noblest figure I ever saw, the high-constable of
+    Scotland, Lord Errol; as one saw him in a space capable of containing
+    him, one admired him. At the wedding, dressed in tissue, he looked like
+    one of the Giants in Guildhall, new gilt. It added to the energy of his
+    person, that one considered him acting so considerable a part in that
+    very Hall, where so few years ago one saw his father, Lord Kilmarnock,
+    condemned to the block.' <i>Letters</i>, iii. 438. Sir William Forbes
+    says:&mdash;'He often put me in mind of an ancient Hero, and I remember Dr.
+    Johnson was positive that he resembled Homer's character of Sarpedon.'
+    <i>Life of Beattie</i>, ed. 1824, Appendix D. Mrs. Piozzi says:&mdash;'The Earl
+    dressed in his robes at the coronation and Mrs. Siddons in the character
+    of Murphy's Euphrasia were the noblest specimens of the human race I
+    ever saw.' <i>Synonymy</i>, i.43. He sprang from a race of rebels. 'He united
+    in his person,' says Forbes, 'the four earldoms of Errol, Kilmarnock,
+    Linlithgow, and Callander.' The last two were attainted in 1715, and
+    Kilmarnock in 1745. <i>Life of Beattie</i>, Appendix D.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-318">[318]</a> Lord Chesterfield, in his letters to his son [iii. 130], complains
+    of one who argued in an indiscriminate manner with men of all ranks,
+    Probably the noble lord had felt with some uneasiness what it was to
+    encounter stronger abilities than his own. If a peer will engage at
+    foils with his inferior in station, he must expect that his inferior in
+    station will avail himself of every advantage; otherwise it is not a
+    fair trial of strength and skill. The same will hold in a contest of
+    reason, or of wit.&mdash;A certain king entered the lists of genius with
+    Voltaire. The consequence was, that, though the king had great and
+    brilliant talents, Voltaire had such a superiority that his majesty
+    could not bear it; and the poet was dismissed, or escaped, from that
+    court.&mdash;In the reign of James I. of England, Crichton, Lord Sanquhar, a
+    peer of Scotland, from a vain ambition to excel a fencing-master in his
+    own art, played at rapier and dagger with him. The fencing-master, whose
+    fame and bread were at stake, put out one of his lordship's eyes.
+    Exasperated at this, Lord Sanquhar hired ruffians, and had the
+    fencing-master assassinated; for which his lordship was capitally tried,
+    condemned, and hanged. Not being a peer of England, he was tried by the
+    name of Robert Crichton, Esq.; but he was admitted to be a baron of
+    three hundred years' standing.&mdash;See the <i>State Trials</i>; and the <i>History
+    of England</i> by Hume, who applauds the impartial justice executed upon a
+    man of high rank. BOSWELL. The 'stronger abilities' that Chesterfield
+    encountered were Johnson's. Boswell thought wrongly that it was of
+    Johnson that his Lordship complained in his letters to his son. <i>Ante</i>,
+    i. 267, note 2. 'A certain King' was Frederick the Great. <i>Ante</i>, i.
+    434. The fencing-master was murdered in his own house in London, five
+    years after Sanquhar (or Sanquire) had lost his eye. Bacon, who was
+    Solicitor-General, said:&mdash;'Certainly the circumstance of time is heavy
+    unto you; it is now five years since this unfortunate man, Turner, be it
+    upon accident or despight, gave the provocation which was the seed of
+    your malice.' <i>State Trials</i>, ii. 743, and Hume's <i>History</i>, ed.
+    1802, vi. 61.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-319">[319]</a> <i>Hamlet</i>, act i. sc. 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-320">[320]</a> Perhaps Lord Errol was the Scotch Lord mentioned <i>ante</i>, iii. 170,
+    and the nobleman mentioned <i>ib</i>. p. 329.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-321">[321]</a> 'Pitied by gentle minds Kilmarnock died.' <i>Ante</i>. i. 180.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-322">[322]</a> Sir Walter Scott describes the talk that he had in 1814 near
+    Slains Castle with an old fisherman. 'The old man says Slains is now
+    inhabited by a Mr. Bowles, who comes so far from the southward that
+    naebody kens whare he comes frae. "Was he frae the Indies?" "Na; he did
+    not think he came that road. He was far frae the Southland. Naebody ever
+    heard the name of the place; but he had brought more guid out o'
+    Peterhead than a' the Lords he had seen in Slains, and he had seen
+    three."' Lockhart's <i>Scott</i>, ed. 1839, iv. 188. The first of the three
+    was Johnson's host.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-323">[323]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 153, and iii. 1, note 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-324">[324]</a> Smollett, in <i>Humphry Clinker</i> (Letter of Sept. 6), writing of the
+    Highlanders and their chiefs, says:&mdash;'The original attachment is
+    founded on something prior to the <i>feudal system</i>, about which the
+    writers of this age have made such a pother, as if it was a new
+    discovery, like the <i>Copernican system</i> ... For my part I expect to see
+    the use of trunk-hose and buttered ale ascribed to the influence of the
+    <i>feudal system</i>.' See <i>ante</i>, ii. 177.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-325">[325]</a> Mme. Riccoboni wrote to Garrick on May 3, 1769:&mdash;'Vous conviendrez
+    que les nobles sont peu ménagés par vos auteurs; le sot, le fat, ou le
+    malhonnête homme mêlé dans l'intrigue est presque toujours un lord.'
+    <i>Garrick Corres</i>, ii. 561. Dr. Moore (<i>View of Society in France</i>, i.
+    29) writing in 1779 says:&mdash;'I am convinced there is no country in Europe
+    where royal favour, high birth, and the military profession could be
+    allowed such privileges as they have in France, and where there would be
+    so few instances of their producing rough and brutal behaviour to
+    inferiors.' Mrs. Piozzi, writing in 1784, though she did not publish her
+    book till 1789, said:&mdash;'The French are really a contented race of
+    mortals;&mdash;precluded almost from possibility of adventure, the low
+    Parisian leads gentle, humble life, nor envies that greatness he never
+    can obtain.' <i>Journey through France</i>, i. 13.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-326">[326]</a> He is the worthy son of a worthy father, the late Lord Strichen,
+    one of our judges, to whose kind notice I was much obliged. Lord
+    Strichen was a man not only honest, but highly generous; for after his
+    succession to the family estate, he paid a large sum of debts contracted
+    by his predecessor, which he was not under any obligation to pay. Let me
+    here, for the credit of Ayrshire, my own county, record a noble instance
+    of liberal honesty in William Hutchison, drover, in Lanehead, Kyle, who
+    formerly obtained a full discharge from his creditors upon a composition
+    of his debts; but upon being restored to good circumstances, invited his
+    creditors last winter to a dinner, without telling the reason, and paid
+    them their full sums, principal and interest. They presented him with a
+    piece of plate, with an inscription to commemorate this extraordinary
+    instance of true worth; which should make some people in Scotland blush,
+    while, though mean themselves, they strut about under the protection of
+    great alliance, conscious of the wretchedness of numbers who have lost
+    by them, to whom they never think of making reparation, but indulge
+    themselves and their families in most unsuitable expence. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-327">[327]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 194; iii. 353; and iv. June 30, 1784.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-328">[328]</a> Malone says that 'Lord Auchinleck told his son one day that it
+    would cost him more trouble to hide his ignorance in the Scotch and
+    English law than to show his knowledge. This Mr. Boswell owned he had
+    found to be true.' <i>European Magazine</i>, 1798, p. 376.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-329">[329]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 8, note 3, and iv. 20.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-330">[330]</a> Colman had translated <i>Terence. Ante</i>, iv. 18.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-331">[331]</a> Dr. Nugent was Burke's father-in-law. <i>Ante</i>, i. 477.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-332">[332]</a> Lord Charlemont left behind him a <i>History of Italian Poetry</i>.
+    Hardy's <i>Charlemont</i>, i. 306, ii. 437.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-333">[333]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 250, and ii. 378, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-334">[334]</a> Since the first edition, it has been suggested by one of the club,
+    who knew Mr. Vesey better than Dr. Johnson and I, that we did not assign
+    him a proper place; for he was quite unskilled in Irish antiquities and
+    Celtick learning, but might with propriety have been made professor of
+    architecture, which he understood well, and has left a very good
+    specimen of his knowledge and taste in that art, by an elegant house
+    built on a plan of his own formation, at Lucan, a few miles from Dublin.
+    BOSWELL. See <i>ante</i>, iv. 28.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-335">[335]</a> Sir William Jones, who died at the age of forty-seven, had
+    'studied eight languages critically, eight less perfectly, but all
+    intelligible with a dictionary, and twelve least perfectly, but all
+    attainable.' Teignmouth's <i>Life of Sir W. Jones</i>, ed. 1815, p. 465. See
+    <i>ante</i>, iv. 69.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-336">[336]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 478.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-337">[337]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 16.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-338">[338]</a> Mackintosh in his <i>Life</i>, ii. 171, says:&mdash;'From the refinements of
+    abstruse speculation Johnson was withheld, partly perhaps by that
+    repugnance to such subtleties which much experience often inspires, and
+    partly also by a secret dread that they might disturb those prejudices
+    in which his mind had found repose from the agitations of doubt.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-339">[339]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 11, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-340">[340]</a> Our Club, originally at the Turk's Head, Gerrard-street, then at
+    Prince's, Sackville-street, now at Baxter's, Dover-street, which at Mr.
+    Garrick's funeral acquired a <i>name</i> for the first time, and was called
+    THE LITERARY CLUB, was instituted in 1764, and now consists of
+    thirty-five members. It has, since 1773, been greatly augmented; and
+    though Dr. Johnson with justice observed, that, by losing Goldsmith,
+    Garrick, Nugent, Chamier, Beauclerk, we had lost what would make an
+    eminent club, yet when I mentioned, as an accession, Mr. Fox, Dr. George
+    Fordyce, Sir Charles Bunbury, Lord Ossory, Mr. Gibbon, Dr. Adam Smith,
+    Mr. R.B. Sheridan, the Bishops of Kilaloe and St. Asaph, Dean Marley,
+    Mr. Steevens, Mr. Dunning, Sir Joseph Banks, Dr. Scott of the Commons,
+    Earl Spencer, Mr. Windham of Norfolk, Lord Elliott, Mr. Malone, Dr.
+    Joseph Warton, the Rev. Thomas Warton, Lord Lucan, Mr. Burke junior,
+    Lord Palmerston, Dr. Burney, Sir William Hamilton, and Dr. Warren, it
+    will be acknowledged that we might establish a second university of high
+    reputation. BOSWELL. Mr. (afterwards Sir) William Jones wrote in 1780
+    (<i>Life</i>, p. 241):&mdash;'Of our club I will only say that there is no branch
+    of human knowledge on which some of our members are not capable of
+    giving information.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-341">[341]</a> Here, unluckily, the windows had no pullies; and Dr. Johnson, who
+    was constantly eager for fresh air, had much struggling to get one of
+    them kept open. Thus he had a notion impressed upon him, that this
+    wretched defect was general in Scotland; in consequence of which he has
+    erroneously enlarged upon it in his <i>Journey</i>. I regretted that he did
+    not allow me to read over his book before it was printed. I should have
+    changed very little; but I should have suggested an alteration in a few
+    places where he has laid himself open to be attacked. I hope I should
+    have prevailed with him to omit or soften his assertion, that 'a
+    Scotsman must be a sturdy moralist, who does not prefer Scotland to
+    truth,' for I really think it is not founded; and it is harshly said.
+    BOSWELL. Johnson, after a half-apology for 'these diminutive
+    observations' on Scotch windows and fresh air, continues:&mdash;'The true
+    state of every nation is the state of common life.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 18.
+    Boswell a second time (<i>ante</i>, ii. 311) returns to Johnson's assertion
+    that 'a Scotchman must be a very sturdy moralist who does not love
+    Scotland better than truth; he will always love it better than inquiry.'
+    <i>Works</i>, ix. 116.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-342">[342]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 40.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-343">[343]</a> A protest may be entered on the part of most Scotsmen against the
+    Doctor's taste in this particular. A Finnon haddock dried over the smoke
+    of the sea-weed, and sprinkled with salt water during the process,
+    acquires a relish of a very peculiar and delicate flavour, inimitable on
+    any other coast than that of Aberdeenshire. Some of our Edinburgh
+    philosophers tried to produce their equal in vain. I was one of a party
+    at a dinner, where the philosophical haddocks were placed in competition
+    with the genuine Finnon-fish. These were served round without
+    distinction whence they came; but only one gentleman, out of twelve
+    present, espoused the cause of philosophy. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-344">[344]</a> It is the custom in Scotland for the judges of the Court of
+    Session to have the title of <i>lords</i>, from their estates; thus Mr.
+    Burnett is Lord <i>Monboddo</i>, as Mr. Home was Lord <i>Kames</i>. There is
+    something a little awkward in this; for they are denominated in deeds by
+    their <i>names</i>, with the addition of 'one of the Senators of the College
+    of Justice;' and subscribe their Christian and surnames, as <i>James
+    Burnett</i>, <i>Henry Home</i>, even in judicial acts. BOSWELL. See <i>ante</i>, p.
+    77, note 4.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-345">[345]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 344, where Johnson says:&mdash;'A judge may be a
+    farmer, but he is not to geld his own pigs.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-346">[346]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Not to admire is all the art I know
+      To make men happy and to keep them so.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Pope, <i>Imitations of Horace</i>, Epistles, i. vi. 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-347">[347]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 461.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-348">[348]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 152.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-349">[349]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 322.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-350">[350]</a> In the <i>Gent. Mag.</i> for 1755, p. 42, among the deaths is entered
+    'Sir James Lowther, Bart., reckoned the richest commoner in Great
+    Britain, and worth above a million.' According to Lord Shelburne, Lord
+    Sunderland, who had been advised 'to nominate Lowther one of his
+    Treasury on account of his great property,' appointed him to call on
+    him. After waiting for some time he rang to ask whether he had come,
+    'The servants answered that nobody had called; upon his repeating the
+    inquiry they said that there was an old man, somewhat wet, sitting by
+    the fireside in the hall, who they supposed had some petition to deliver
+    to his lordship. When he went out it proved to be Sir James Lowther.
+    Lord Sunderland desired him to be sent about his business, saying that
+    no such mean fellow should sit at his Treasury.' Fitzmaurice's
+    <i>Shelburne</i>, i. 34.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-351">[351]</a> I do not know what was at this time the state of the parliamentary
+    interest of the ancient family of Lowther; a family before the Conquest;
+    but all the nation knows it to be very extensive at present. A due
+    mixture of severity and kindness, oeconomy and munificence,
+    characterises its present Representative. BOSWELL. Boswell, most
+    unhappily not clearly seeing where his own genius lay, too often sought
+    to obtain fame and position by the favour of some great man. For some
+    years he courted in a very gross manner 'the present Representative,'
+    the first Earl of Lonsdale, who treated him with great brutality.
+    <i>Letters of Boswell</i>, pp. 271, 294, 324, and <i>ante</i>, iv. May 15, 1783.
+    In the <i>Ann. Reg.</i> 1771, p. 56, it is shewn how by this bad man 'the
+    whole county of Cumberland was thrown into a state of the greatest
+    terror and confusion; four hundred ejectments were served in one day.'
+    Dr. A. Carlyle (<i>Auto.</i> p. 418) says that 'he was more detested than any
+    man alive, as a shameless political sharper, a domestic bashaw, and an
+    intolerable tyrant over his tenants and dependants.' Lord Albemarle
+    (<i>Memoirs of Rockingham,</i> ii. 70) describes the 'bad Lord Lonsdale. He
+    exacted a serf-like submission from his poor and abject dependants. He
+    professed a thorough contempt for modern refinements. Grass grew in the
+    neglected approaches to his mansion.... Awe and silence pervaded the
+    inhabitants [of Penrith] when the gloomy despot traversed their streets.
+    He might have been taken for a Judge Jefferies about to open a royal
+    commission to try them as state criminals... In some years of his life
+    he resisted the payment of all bills.' Among his creditors was
+    Wordsworth's father, 'who died leaving the poet and four other helpless
+    children. The executors of the will, foreseeing the result of a legal
+    contest with <i>a millionaire,</i> withdrew opposition, trusting to Lord
+    Lonsdale's sense of justice for payment. They leaned on a broken reed,
+    the wealthy debtor "Died and made no sign."' [2 <i>Henry VI,</i> act iii. sc.
+    3.] See De Quincey's <i>Works,</i> iii. 151.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-352">[352]</a> 'Let us not,' he says, 'make too much haste to despise our
+    neighbours. Our own cathedrals are mouldering by unregarded
+    dilapidation. It seems to be part of the despicable philosophy of the
+    time to despise monuments of sacred magnificence.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 20.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-353">[353]</a> Note by Lord <i>Hailes</i>. 'The cathedral of Elgin was burnt by the
+    Lord of Badenoch, because the Bishop of Moray had pronounced an award
+    not to his liking. The indemnification that the see obtained was, that
+    the Lord of Badenoch stood for three days bare-footed at the great gate
+    of the cathedral. The story is in the Chartulary of Elgin.' BOSWELL. The
+    cathedral was rebuilt in 1407-20, but the lead was stripped from the
+    roof by the Regent Murray, and the building went to ruin. Murray's
+    <i>Handbook</i>, ed. 1867, p. 303. 'There is,' writes Johnson (<i>Works</i>, ix.
+    20), 'still extant in the books of the council an order ... directing
+    that the lead, which covers the two cathedrals of Elgin and Aberdeen,
+    shall be taken away, and converted into money for the support of the
+    army.... The two churches were stripped, and the lead was shipped to be
+    sold in Holland. I hope every reader will rejoice that this cargo of
+    sacrilege was lost at sea.' On this Horace Walpole remarks (<i>Letters</i>,
+    vii. 484):&mdash;'I confess I have not quite so heinous an idea of sacrilege
+    as Dr. Johnson. Of all kinds of robbery, that appears to me the lightest
+    species which injures nobody. Dr. Johnson is so pious that in his
+    journey to your country he flatters himself that all his readers will
+    join him in enjoying the destruction of two Dutch crews, who were
+    swallowed up by the ocean after they had robbed a church.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-354">[354]</a> I am not sure whether the Duke was at home. But, not having the
+    honour of being much known to his grace, I could not have presumed to
+    enter his castle, though to introduce even so celebrated a stranger. We
+    were at any rate in a hurry to get forward to the wildness which we came
+    to see. Perhaps, if this noble family had still preserved that
+    sequestered magnificence which they maintained when catholicks,
+    corresponding with the Grand Duke of Tuscany, we might have been induced
+    to have procured proper letters of introduction, and devoted some time
+    to the contemplation of venerable superstitious state. BOSWELL. Burnet
+    (<i>History of his own Times</i>, ii. 443, and iii. 23) mentions the Duke of
+    Gordon, a papist, as holding Edinburgh Castle for James II. in 1689.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-355">[355]</a> 'In the way, we saw for the first time some houses with
+    fruit-trees about them. The improvements of the Scotch are for immediate
+    profit; they do not yet think it quite worth their while to plant what
+    will not produce something to be eaten or sold in a very little time.'
+    <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 121.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-356">[356]</a> 'This was the first time, and except one the last, that I found
+    any reason to complain of a Scottish table.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 19.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-357">[357]</a> The following year Johnson told Hannah More that 'when he and
+    Boswell stopt a night at the spot (as they imagined) where the Weird
+    Sisters appeared to Macbeth, the idea so worked upon their enthusiasm,
+    that it quite deprived them of rest. However they learnt the next
+    morning, to their mortification, that they had been deceived, and were
+    quite in another part of the country' H. More's <i>Memoirs</i>, i. 50.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-358">[358]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 76.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-359">[359]</a> Murphy (<i>Life</i>, p. 145) says that 'his manner of reciting verses
+    was wonderfully impressive.' According to Mrs. Piozzi (<i>Anec</i>. p. 302),
+    'whoever once heard him repeat an ode of Horace would be long before
+    they could endure to hear it repeated by another.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-360">[360]</a> Then pronounced <i>Affléck</i>, though now often pronounced as it is
+    written. Ante, ii. 413.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-361">[361]</a> At this stage of his journey Johnson recorded:&mdash;'There are more
+    beggars than I have ever seen in England; they beg, if not silently, yet
+    very modestly.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 122. See ante, p. 75, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-362">[362]</a> Duncan's monument; a huge column on the roadside near Fores, more
+    than twenty feet high, erected in commemoration of the final retreat of
+    the Danes from Scotland, and properly called Swene's Stone. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-363">[363]</a> Swift wrote to Pope on May 31, 1737:&mdash;'Pray who is that Mr.
+    Glover, who writ the epick poem called <i>Leonidas</i>, which is reprinting
+    here, and has great vogue?' Swift's <i>Works</i> (1803), xx. 121. 'It passed
+    through four editions in the first year of its publication (1737-8).'
+    Lowndes's <i>Bibl. Man</i>. p. 902. Horace Walpole, in 1742, mentions
+    <i>Leonidas</i> Glover (<i>Letters</i>, i. 117); and in 1785 Hannah More writes
+    (<i>Memoirs</i>, i. 405):&mdash;'I was much amused with hearing old Leonidas
+    Glover sing his own fine ballad of <i>Hosier's Ghost</i>, which was very
+    affecting. He is past eighty [he was seventy-three]. Mr. Walpole coming
+    in just afterwards, I told him how highly I had been pleased. He begged
+    me to entreat for a repetition of it. It was the satire conveyed in this
+    little ballad upon the conduct of Sir Robert Walpole's ministry which is
+    thought to have been a remote cause of his resignation. It was a very
+    curious circumstance to see his son listening to the recital of it with
+    so much complacency.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-364">[364]</a> See ante, i. 125.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-365">[365]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 456, and <i>post</i>, Sept. 22.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-366">[366]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 82, and <i>post</i>, Oct. 27.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-367">[367]</a> 'Nairne is the boundary in this direction between the highlands
+    and lowlands; and until within a few years both English and Gaelic were
+    spoken here. One of James VI.'s witticisms was to boast that in Scotland
+    he had a town "sae lang that the folk at the tae end couldna understand
+    the tongue spoken at the tother."' Murray's <i>Handbook for Scotland</i>, ed.
+    1867, p. 308. 'Here,' writes Johnson (<i>Works</i>, ix. 21), 'I first saw
+    peat fires, and first heard the Erse language.' As he heard the girl
+    singing Erse, so Wordsworth thirty years later heard The
+    Solitary Reaper:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Yon solitary Highland Lass
+    Reaping and singing by herself.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-368">[368]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Verse softens toil, however rude the sound;
+     She feels no biting pang the while she sings;
+     Nor, as she turns the giddy wheel around,
+     Revolves the sad vicissitude of things.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>Contemplation.</i> London: Printed for R. Dodsley in Pall-mall, and sold
+    by M. Cooper, at the Globe in Paternoster-Row, 1753.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The author's name is not on the title-page. In the <i>Brit. Mus. Cata.</i>
+    the poem is entered under its title. Mr. Nichols (<i>Lit. Illus.</i> v. 183)
+    says that the author was the Rev. Richard Gifford [not Giffard] of
+    Balliol College, Oxford. He adds that 'Mr. Gifford mentioned to him with
+    much satisfaction the fact that Johnson quoted the poem in his
+    <i>Dictionary</i>.' It was there very likely that Boswell had seen the lines.
+    They are quoted under <i>wheel</i> (with changes made perhaps intentionally
+    by Johnson), as follows:
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Verse sweetens care however rude the sound;
+      All at her work the village maiden sings;
+      Nor, as she turns the giddy wheel around,
+      Revolves the sad vicissitudes of things.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>Contemplation</i>, which was published two years after Gray's <i>Elegy</i>, was
+    suggested by it. The rising, not the parting day, is described. The
+    following verse precedes the one quoted by Johnson:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Ev'n from the straw-roofed cot the note of joy
+      Flows full and frequent, as the village-fair,
+      Whose little wants the busy hour employ,
+      Chanting some rural ditty soothes her care.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Bacon, in his <i>Essay Of Vicissitude of Things</i> (No. 58), says:&mdash;'It is
+    not good to look too long upon these turning <i>wheels of vicissitude</i>
+    lest we become <i>giddy</i>' This may have suggested Gifford's last two
+    lines. <i>Reflections on a Grave, &amp;c.</i> (<i>ante</i>, ii. 26), published in
+    1766, and perhaps written in part by Johnson, has a line borrowed from
+    this poem:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'These all the hapless state of mortals show
+      The sad vicissitude of things below.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Cowper, <i>Table-Talk</i>, ed. 1786, i. 165, writes of
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'The sweet vicissitudes of day and night.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    The following elegant version of these lines by Mr. A. T. Barton, Fellow
+    and Tutor of Johnson's own College, will please the classical reader:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Musa levat duros, quamvis rudis ore, labores;
+     Inter opus cantat rustica Pyrrha suum;
+     Nec meminit, secura rotam dum versat euntem,
+     Non aliter nostris sortibus ire vices.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-369">[369]</a> He was the brother of the Rev. John M'Aulay (<i>post</i>, Oct. 25), the
+    grandfather of Lord Macaulay.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-370">[370]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 51.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-371">[371]</a> In Scotland, there is a great deal of preparation before
+    administering the sacrament. The minister of the parish examines the
+    people as to their fitness, and to those of whom he approves gives
+    little pieces of tin, stamped with the name of the parish as <i>tokens</i>,
+    which they must produce before receiving it. This is a species of
+    priestly power, and sometimes may be abused. I remember a lawsuit
+    brought by a person against his parish minister, for refusing him
+    admission to that sacred ordinance. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-372">[372]</a> See <i> post</i>, Sept. 13 and 28.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-373">[373]</a> Mr. Trevelyan (<i>Life of Macaulay</i>, ed.1877, i. 6) says: 'Johnson
+    pronounced that Mr. Macaulay was not competent to have written the book
+    that went by his name; a decision which, to those who happen to have
+    read the work, will give a very poor notion my ancestor's abilities.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-374">[374]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'The thane of Cawdor lives, A prosperous gentleman.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>Macbeth</i>, act i. sc. 3.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-375">[375]</a> According to Murray's <i>Handbook,</i> ed. 1867, p. 308, no part of the
+    castle is older than the fifteenth century.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-376">[376]</a> See <i>post</i>, Nov. 5.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-377">[377]</a> The historian. <i>Ante</i>, p. 41.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-378">[378]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 336, and <i>post</i>, Nov. 7.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-379">[379]</a> See <i>post</i>, Oct. 27.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-380">[380]</a> Baretti was the Italian. Boswell disliked him (<i>ante</i>, ii. 98
+    note), and perhaps therefore described him merely as 'a man of <i>some</i>
+    literature.' Baretti complained to Malone that 'the story as told gave
+    an unfair representation of him.' He had, he said, 'observed to Johnson
+    that the petition <i>lead us not into temptation</i> ought rather to be
+    addressed to the tempter of mankind than a benevolent Creator. "Pray,
+    Sir," said Johnson, "do you know who was the author of the Lord's
+    Prayer?" Baretti, who did not wish to get into any serious dispute and
+    who appears to be an Infidel, by way of putting an end to the
+    conversation, only replied:&mdash;"Oh, Sir, you know by <i>our</i> religion (Roman
+    Catholic) we are not permitted to read the Scriptures. You can't
+    therefore expect an answer."' Prior's <i>Malone</i>, p. 399. Sir Joshua
+    Reynolds, on hearing this from Malone, said:&mdash;'This turn which Baretti
+    now gives to the matter was an after-thought; for he once said to me
+    myself:&mdash;"There are various opinions about the writer of that prayer;
+    some give it to St. Augustine, some to St. Chrysostom, &amp;c. What is your
+    opinion? "' <i>Ib</i>. p. 394. Mrs. Piozzi says that she heard 'Baretti tell
+    a clergyman the story of Dives and Lazarus as the subject of a poem he
+    once had composed in the Milanese district, expecting great credit for
+    his powers of invention.' Hayward's <i>Piozzi</i>, ii. 348.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-381">[381]</a> Goldsmith (<i>Present Slate of Polite Learning</i>, chap. 13) thus
+    wrote of servitorships: 'Surely pride itself has dictated to the fellows
+    of our colleges the absurd passion of being attended at meals, and on
+    other public occasions, by those poor men who, willing to be scholars,
+    come in upon some charitable foundation. It implies a contradiction for
+    men to be at once learning the <i>liberal</i> arts, and at the same time
+    treated as <i>slaves</i>; at once studying freedom and practising servitude.'
+    Yet a young man like Whitefield was willing enough to be a servitor. He
+    had been a waiter in his mother's inn; he was now a waiter in a college,
+    but a student also. See my <i>Dr. Johnson: His Friends and his
+    Critics</i>, p. 27.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-382">[382]</a> Dr. Johnson did not neglect what he had undertaken. By his
+    interest with the Rev. Dr. Adams, master of Pembroke College, Oxford,
+    where he was educated for some time, he obtained a servitorship for
+    young M'Aulay. But it seems he had other views; and I believe went
+    abroad. BOSWELL. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 380.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-383">[383]</a> 'I once drank tea,' writes Lamb, 'in company with two Methodist
+    divines of different persuasions. Before the first cup was handed round,
+    one of these reverend gentlemen put it to the other, with all due
+    solemnity, whether he chose to <i>say anything</i>. It seems it is the custom
+    with some sectaries to put up a short prayer before this meal also. His
+    reverend brother did not at first quite apprehend him, but upon an
+    explanation, with little less importance he made answer that it was not
+    a custom known in his church.' <i>Essay on Grace before Meat</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-384">[384]</a> He could not bear to have it thought that, in any instance
+    whatever, the Scots are more pious than the English. I think grace as
+    proper at breakfast as at any other meal. It is the pleasantest meal we
+    have. Dr. Johnson has allowed the peculiar merit of breakfast in
+    Scotland. BOSWELL. 'If an epicure could remove by a wish in quest of
+    sensual gratification, wherever he had supped he would breakfast in
+    Scotland.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 52.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-385">[385]</a> Bruce, the Abyssinian Traveller, found in the annals of that
+    region a king named <i>Brus</i>, which he chooses to consider the genuine
+    orthography of the name. This circumstance occasioned some mirth at the
+    court of Gondar. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-386">[386]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 169, note 2, and <i>post</i>, Sept. 2. Johnson, so far
+    as I have observed, spelt the name <i>Boswel</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-387">[387]</a> Sir Eyre Coote was born in 1726. He took part in the battle of
+    Plassey in 1757, and commanded at the reduction of Pondicherry in 1761.
+    In 1770-71 he went by land to Europe. In 1780 he took command of the
+    English army against Hyder Ali, whom he repeatedly defeated. He died in
+    1783. Chalmers's <i>Biog. Dict</i>. x. 236. There is a fine description of
+    him in Macaulay's <i>Essays</i>, ed. 1843, iii. 385.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-388">[388]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 361.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-389">[389]</a> Reynolds wrote of Johnson:&mdash;'He sometimes, it must be confessed,
+    covered his ignorance by generals rather than appear ignorant' Taylor's
+    <i>Reynolds</i>, ii. 457.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-390">[390]</a> 'The barracks are very handsome, and form several regular and good
+    streets.' Pennant's <i>Tour</i>, p. 144.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-391">[391]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 45.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-392">[392]</a> Here Dr. Johnson gave us part of a conversation held between a
+    Great Personage and him, in the library at the Queen's Palace, in the
+    course of which this contest was considered. I have been at great pains
+    to get that conversation as perfectly preserved as possible. It may
+    perhaps at some future time be given to the publick. BOSWELL. For 'a
+    Great Personage' see <i>ante</i>, i. 219; and for the conversation, ii. 33.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-393">[393]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 73, 228, 248; iii. 4 and June 15, 1784.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-394">[394]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 167, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-395">[395]</a> Booth acted <i>Cato</i>, and Wilks Juba when Addison's <i>Cato</i> was
+    brought out. Pope told Spence that 'Lord Bolingbroke's carrying his
+    friends to the house, and presenting Booth with a purse of guineas for
+    so well representing the character of a person "who rather chose to die
+    than see a general for life," carried the success of the play much
+    beyond what they ever expected.' Spence's <i>Anec</i>. p. 46. Bolingbroke
+    alluded to the Duke of Marlborough. Pope in his <i>Imitations of Horace</i>,
+    2 Epist. i. 123 introduces 'well-mouth'd Booth.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-396">[396]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 35, and under Sept. 30, 1783.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-397">[397]</a> 'Garrick used to tell, that Johnson said of an actor who played
+    Sir Harry Wildair at Lichfield, "There is a courtly vivacity about the
+    fellow;" when, in fact, according to Garrick's account, "he was the most
+    vulgar ruffian that ever went upon <i>boards</i>."' <i>Ante</i>, ii. 465.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-398">[398]</a> Mrs. Cibber was the sister of Dr. Arne the musical composer, and
+    the wife of Theophilus Cibber, Colley Cibber's son. She died in 1766,
+    and was buried in the cloisters of Westminster Abbey. Baker's <i>Biog.
+    Dram.</i> i. 123.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-399">[399]</a> See <i>ante</i>, under Sept. 30, 1783.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-400">[400]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 197, and ii. 348.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-401">[401]</a> Johnson had set him to repeat the ninth commandment, and had with
+    great glee put him right in the emphasis. <i>Ante</i>, i. 168.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-402">[402]</a> Act iii. sc. 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-403">[403]</a> Boswell's suggestion is explained by the following passage in
+    Johnson's <i>Works</i>, viii. 463:&mdash;'Mallet was by his original one of the
+    Macgregors, a clan that became about sixty years ago, under the conduct
+    of Robin Roy, so formidable and so infamous for violence and robbery,
+    that the name was annulled by a legal abolition.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-404">[404]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 410, where he said to an Irish gentleman:&mdash;'Do
+    not make an union with us, Sir. We should unite with you, only to rob
+    you. We should have robbed the Scotch, if they had had anything of which
+    we could have robbed them.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-405">[405]</a> It is remarkable that Dr. Johnson read this gentle remonstrance,
+    and took no notice of it to me. BOSWELL. See <i>post</i>, Oct. 12, note.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-406">[406]</a> <i>St. Matthew</i>, v. 44.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-407">[407]</a> It is odd that Boswell did not suspect the parson, who, no doubt,
+    had learnt the evening before from Mr. Keith that the two travellers
+    would be present at his sermon. Northcote (<i>Life of Reynolds</i>, ii. 283)
+    says that one day at Sir Joshua's dinner-table, when his host praised
+    Malone very highly for his laborious edition of <i>Shakespeare</i>, he
+    (Northcote) 'rather hastily replied, "What a very despicable creature
+    must that man be who thus devotes himself, and makes another man his
+    god;" when Boswell, who sat at my elbow, and was not in my thoughts at
+    the time, cried out "Oh! Sir Joshua, then that is me!"'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-408">[408]</a> Johnson (<i>Works</i>, ix. 23) more cautiously says:&mdash;'Here is a
+    castle, called the castle of Macbeth.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-409">[409]</a> 'This short dialogue between Duncan and Banquo, whilst they are
+    approaching the gates of Macbeth's castle, has always appeared to me a
+    striking instance of what in painting is termed <i>repose</i>. Their
+    conversation very naturally turns upon the beauty of its situation, and
+    the pleasantness of the air; and Banquo, observing the martlet's nests
+    in every recess of the cornice, remarks that where those birds most
+    breed and haunt the air is delicate. The subject of this quiet and easy
+    conversation gives that repose so necessary to the mind after the
+    tumultuous bustle of the preceding scenes, and perfectly contrasts the
+    scene of horror that immediately succeeds. It seems as if Shakespeare
+    asked himself, what is a prince likely to say to his attendants on such
+    an occasion? whereas the modern writers seem, on the contrary, to be
+    always searching for new thoughts, such as would never occur to men in
+    the situation which is represented. This also is frequently the practice
+    of Homer, who from the midst of battles and horrors relieves and
+    refreshes the mind of the reader by introducing some quiet rural image,
+    or picture of familiar domestick life.' Johnson's <i>Shakespeare</i>.
+    Northcote (<i>Life of Reynolds</i>, i. 144-151) quotes other notes
+    by Reynolds.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-410">[410]</a> In the original <i>senses</i>. Act i, sc. 6.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-411">[411]</a> Act i. sc. 5.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-412">[412]</a> Boswell forgets <i>scoundrelism</i>, <i>ante</i>, p. 106, which, I suppose,
+    Johnson coined.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-413">[413]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 154, note 3. Peter Paragraph is one of the
+    characters in Foote's Comedy of <i>The Orators</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-414">[414]</a> When upon the subject of this <i>peregrinity</i>, he told me some
+    particulars concerning the compilation of his <i>Dictionary</i>, and
+    concerning his throwing off Lord Chesterfield's patronage, of which very
+    erroneous accounts have been circulated. These particulars, with others
+    which he afterwards gave me,&mdash;as also his celebrated letter to Lord
+    Chesterfield, which he dictated to me,&mdash;I reserve for his <i>Life.</i>
+    BOSWELL. See <i>ante,</i> i. 221, 261.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-415">[415]</a> See <i>ante,</i> ii. 326, 371, and v. 18.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-416">[416]</a> It is the third edition, published in 1778, that first bears this
+    title. The first edition was published in 1761, and the second in 1762.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-417">[417]</a> 'One of them was a man of great liveliness and activity, of whom
+    his companion said that he would tire any horse in Inverness. Both of
+    them were civil and ready-handed Civility seems part of the national
+    character of Highlanders.' <i>Works,</i> ix. 25.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-418">[418]</a> 'The way was very pleasant; the rock out of which the road was cut
+    was covered with birch trees, fern, and heath. The lake below was
+    beating its bank by a gentle wind.... In one part of the way we had
+    trees on both sides for perhaps half a mile. Such a length of shade,
+    perhaps, Scotland cannot shew in any other place.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i.
+    123. The travellers must have passed close by the cottage where James
+    Mackintosh was living, a child of seven.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-419">[419]</a> Boswell refers, I think, to a passage in act iv. sc. I of
+    Farquhar's Comedy, where Archer says to Mrs. Sullen:&mdash;'I can't at this
+    distance, Madam, distinguish the figures of the embroidery.' This
+    passage is copied by Goldsmith in <i>She Stoops to Conquer</i>, act iii.,
+    where Marlow says to Miss Hardcastle: 'Odso! then you must shew me your
+    embroidery.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-420">[420]</a> Johnson (<i>Works</i>, ix. 28) gives a long account of this woman.
+    'Meal she considered as expensive food, and told us that in spring, when
+    the goats gave milk, the children could live without it.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-421">[421]</a> It is very odd, that when these roads were made, there was no care
+    taken for <i>Inns</i>. The <i>King's House</i>, and the <i>General's Hut</i>, are
+    miserable places; but the project and plans were purely military. WALTER
+    SCOTT. Johnson found good entertainment here, 'We had eggs and bacon and
+    mutton, with wine, rum, and whisky. I had water.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>,
+    i. 124.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-422">[422]</a> 'Mr. Boswell, who between his father's merit and his own is sure
+    of reception wherever he comes, sent a servant before,' &amp;c. Johnson's
+    <i>Works</i>, ix. 30.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-423">[423]</a> On April 6, 1777, Johnson noted down: 'I passed the night in such
+    sweet uninterrupted sleep as I have not known since I slept at Fort
+    Augustus.' <i>Pr. and Med.</i> p.159. On Nov. 21, 1778, he wrote to Boswell:
+    'The best night that I have had these twenty years was at Fort
+    Augustus.' <i>Ante</i>, iii. 369.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-424">[424]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 246.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-425">[425]</a> A McQueen is a Highland mode of expression. An Englishman would
+    say <i>one</i> McQueen. But where there are <i>clans</i> or <i>tribes</i> of men,
+    distinguished by <i>patronymick</i> surnames, the individuals of each are
+    considered as if they were of different species, at least as much as
+    nations are distinguished; so that a <i>McQueen</i>, a <i>McDonald</i>, a
+    <i>McLean</i>, is said, as we say a Frenchman, an Italian, a Spaniard. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-426">[426]</a> 'I praised the propriety of his language, and was answered that I
+    need not wonder, for he had learnt it by grammar. By subsequent
+    opportunities of observation I found that my host's diction had nothing
+    peculiar. Those Highlanders that can speak English commonly speak it
+    well, with few of the words and little of the tone by which a Scotchman
+    is distinguished ... By their Lowland neighbours they would not
+    willingly be taught; for they have long considered them as a mean and
+    degenerate race.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 31. He wrote to Mrs. Thrale:
+    'This man's conversation we were glad of while we staid. He had been
+    out, as they call it, in forty-five, and still retained his old
+    opinions.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 130.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-427">[427]</a> By the Chevalier Ramsay.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-428">[428]</a> 'From him we first heard of the general dissatisfaction which is
+    now driving the Highlanders into the other hemisphere; and when I asked
+    him whether they would stay at home if they were well treated, he
+    answered with indignation that no man willingly left his native country.
+    Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 33. See <i>ante</i>, p. 27.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-429">[429]</a> 'The chief glory of every people arises from its authors.' <i>Ib.</i>
+    v. 49.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-430">[430]</a> Four years later, three years after Goldsmith's death, Johnson
+    'observed in Lord Scarsdale's dressing-room Goldsmith's <i>Animated
+    Nature</i>; and said, "Here's our friend. The poor doctor would have been
+    happy to hear of this."' <i>Ante</i>, iii.162.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-431">[431]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 348 and ii. 438 and <i>post</i>, Sept. 23. Mackintosh
+    says: 'Johnson's idea that a ship was a prison with the danger of
+    drowning is taken from Endymion Porter's <i>Consolation to Howell</i> on his
+    imprisonment in the <i>Fleet</i>, and was originally suggested by the pun.'
+    <i>Life of Mackintosh</i>, ii. 83. The passage to which he refers is found in
+    Howell's letter of Jan. 2, 1646 (book ii. letter 39), in which he writes
+    to Porter:&mdash;'You go on to prefer my captivity in this <i>Fleet</i> to that of
+    a voyager at sea, in regard that he is subject to storms and springing
+    of leaks, to pirates and picaroons, with other casualties.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-432">[432]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 242.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-433">[433]</a> This book has given rise to much enquiry, which has ended in
+    ludicrous surprise. Several ladies, wishing to learn the kind of reading
+    which the great and good Dr. Johnson esteemed most fit for a young
+    woman, desired to know what book he had selected for this Highland
+    nymph. 'They never adverted (said he) that I had no <i>choice</i> in the
+    matter. I have said that I presented her with a book which I <i>happened</i>
+    to have about me.' And what was this book? My readers, prepare your
+    features for merriment. It was <i>Cocker's Arithmetick</i>!&mdash;Wherever this
+    was mentioned, there was a loud laugh, at which Johnson, when present,
+    used sometimes to be a little angry. One day, when we were dining at
+    General Oglethorpe's, where we had many a valuable day, I ventured to
+    interrogate him. 'But, Sir, is it not somewhat singular that you should
+    <i>happen</i> to have <i>Cocker's Arithmetick</i> about you on your journey? What
+    made you buy such a book at Inverness?' He gave me a very sufficient
+    answer. 'Why, Sir, if you are to have but one book with you upon a
+    journey, let it be a book of science. When you have read through a book
+    of entertainment, you know it, and it can do no more for you; but a book
+    of science is inexhaustible.' BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Johnson thus mentions his gift: 'I presented her with a book which I
+    happened to have about me, and should not be pleased to think that she
+    forgets me.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 32. The first edition of <i>Cocker's Arithmetic</i>
+    was published about 1660. <i>Brit. Mus. Cata.</i> Though Johnson says that 'a
+    book of science is inexhaustible,' yet in <i>The Rambler</i>, No. 154, he
+    asserts that 'the principles of arithmetick and geometry may be
+    comprehended by a close attention in a few days.' Mrs. Piozzi says
+    (<i>Anec</i>. p. 77) that 'when Mr. Johnson felt his fancy disordered, his
+    constant recurrence was to arithmetic; and one day that he was confined
+    to his chamber, and I enquired what he had been doing to divert himself,
+    he shewed me a calculation which I could scarce be made to understand,
+    so vast was the plan of it; no other indeed than that the national debt,
+    computing it at £180,000,000, would, if converted into silver, serve to
+    make a meridian of that metal, I forget how broad, for the globe of the
+    whole earth.' See <i>ante</i>, iii. 207, and iv. 171, note 3.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-434">[434]</a> Swift's <i>Works</i> (1803), xxiv. 63.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-435">[435]</a> 'We told the soldiers how kindly we had been treated at the
+    garrison, and, as we were enjoying the benefit of their labours, begged
+    leave to shew our gratitude by a small present.... They had the true
+    military impatience of coin in their pockets, and had marched at least
+    six miles to find the first place where liquor could be bought. Having
+    never been before in a place so wild and unfrequented I was glad of
+    their arrival, because I knew that we had made them friends; and to gain
+    still more of their goodwill we went to them, where they were carousing
+    in the barn, and added something to our former gift.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 31-2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-436">[436]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Why rather sleep, liest thou in smoky cribs,
+      Upon uneasy pallets stretching thee.' &amp;c.
+
+          2 <i>Henry IV.</i> act iii. sc. 1.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-437">[437]</a> Spain, in 1719, sent a strong force under the Duke of Ormond to
+    Scotland in behalf of the Chevalier. Owing to storms only a few hundred
+    men landed. These were joined by a large body of Highlanders, but being
+    attacked by General Wightman, the clansmen dispersed and the Spaniards
+    surrendered. Smollett's <i>England</i>, ed. 1800, ii. 382.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-438">[438]</a> Boswell mentions this <i>ante</i>, i. 41, as a proof of Johnson's
+    'perceptive quickness.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-439">[439]</a> Dr. Johnson, in his <i>Journey</i>, thus beautifully describes his
+    situation here:&mdash;'I sat down on a bank, such as a writer of romance
+    might have delighted to feign. I had, indeed, no trees to whisper over
+    my head; but a clear rivulet streamed at my feet. The day was calm, the
+    air soft, and all was rudeness, silence, and solitude. Before me, and on
+    either side, were high hills, which, by hindering the eye from ranging,
+    forced the mind to find entertainment for itself. Whether I spent the
+    hour well, I know not; for here I first conceived the thought of this
+    narration.' The <i>Critical Reviewers</i>, with a spirit and expression
+    worthy of the subject, say,&mdash;'We congratulate the publick on the event
+    with which this quotation concludes, and are fully persuaded that the
+    hour in which the entertaining traveller conceived this narrative will
+    be considered, by every reader of taste, as a fortunate event in the
+    annals of literature. Were it suitable to the task in which we are at
+    present engaged, to indulge ourselves in a poetical flight, we would
+    invoke the winds of the Caledonian Mountains to blow for ever, with
+    their softest breezes, on the bank where our author reclined, and
+    request of Flora, that it might be perpetually adorned with the gayest
+    and most fragrant productions of the year.' BOSWELL. Johnson thus
+    described the scene to Mrs. Thrale:&mdash;'I sat down to take notes on a
+    green bank, with a small stream running at my feet, in the midst of
+    savage solitude, with mountains before me and on either hand covered
+    with heath. I looked around me, and wondered that I was not more
+    affected, but the mind is not at all times equally ready to be put in
+    motion.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 131.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-440">[440]</a> 'The villagers gathered about us in considerable numbers, I
+    believe without any evil intention, but with a very savage wildness of
+    aspect and manner.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 38.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-441">[441]</a> The M'Craas, or Macraes, were since that time brought into the
+    king's army, by the late Lord Seaforth. When they lay in Edinburgh
+    Castle in 1778, and were ordered to embark for Jersey, they with a
+    number of other men in the regiment, for different reasons, but
+    especially an apprehension that they were to be sold to the East-India
+    Company, though enlisted not to be sent out of Great-Britain without
+    their own consent, made a determined mutiny, and encamped upon the lofty
+    mountain, <i>Arthur's seat</i>, where they remained three days and three
+    nights; bidding defiance to all the force in Scotland. At last they came
+    down, and embarked peaceably, having obtained formal articles of
+    capitulation, signed by Sir Adolphus Oughton, commander in chief,
+    General Skene, deputy commander, the Duke of Buccleugh, and the Earl of
+    Dunmore, which quieted them. Since the secession of the Commons of Rome
+    to the <i>Mons Sacer</i>, a more spirited exertion has not been made. I gave
+    great attention to it from first to last, and have drawn up a particular
+    account of it. Those brave fellows have since served their country
+    effectually at Jersey, and also in the East-Indies, to which, after
+    being better informed, they voluntarily agreed to go. BOSWELL. The line
+    which Boswell quotes is from <i>The Chevalier's Muster Roll</i>:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'The laird of M'Intosh is coming,
+      M'Crabie &amp; M'Donald's coming,
+      M'Kenzie &amp; M'Pherson's coming,
+      And the wild M'Craw's coming.
+      Little wat ye wha's coming,
+      Donald Gun and a's coming.'
+         Hogg's <i>Jacobite Relics</i>, i. 152.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Horace Walpole (<i>Letters</i>, vii. 198) writing on May 9, 1779, tells how
+    on May 1 'the French had attempted to land [on Jersey], but Lord
+    Seaforth's new-raised regiment of 700 Highlanders, assisted by some
+    militia and some artillery, made a brave stand and repelled the
+    intruders.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-442">[442]</a> 'One of the men advised her, with the cunning that clowns never
+    can be without, to ask more; but she said that a shilling was enough. We
+    gave her half a crown, and she offered part of it again.' <i>Piozzi
+    Letters</i>, i. 133.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-443">[443]</a> Of this part of the journey Johnson wrote:&mdash;'We had very little
+    entertainment as we travelled either for the eye or ear. There are, I
+    fancy, no singing birds in the Highlands.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 135. It
+    is odd that he should have looked for singing birds on the first of
+    September.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-444">[444]</a> Act iii. sc. 4.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-445">[445]</a> It is amusing to observe the different images which this being
+    presented to Dr. Johnson and me. The Doctor, in his <i>Journey</i>, compares
+    him to a Cyclops. BOSWELL. 'Out of one of the beds on which we were to
+    repose, started up at our entrance, a man black as a Cyclops from the
+    forge.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 44. Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale:&mdash;'When we were
+    taken up stairs, a dirty fellow bounced out of the bed where one of us
+    was to lie. Boswell blustered, but nothing could be got'. <i>Piozzi
+    Letters</i>, i, 136. Macaulay (<i>Essays</i>, ed. 1843, i. 404) says: 'It is
+    clear that Johnson himself did not think in the dialect in which he
+    wrote. The expressions which came first to his tongue were simple,
+    energetic, and picturesque. When he wrote for publication, he did his
+    sentences out of English into Johnsonese. His letters from the Hebrides
+    to Mrs. Thrale are the original of that work of which the <i>Journey to
+    the Hebrides</i> is the translation; and it is amusing to compare the two
+    versions.' Macaulay thereupon quotes these two passages. See <i>ante</i>,
+    under Aug. 29, 1783.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-446">[446]</a> 'We had a lemon and a piece of bread, which supplied me with my
+    supper.'<i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i, 136. Goldsmith, who in his student days had
+    been in Scotland, thus writes of a Scotch inn:&mdash;'Vile entertainment is
+    served up, complained of, and sent down; up comes worse, and that also
+    is changed, and every change makes our wretched cheer more unsavoury.'
+    <i>Present State of Polite Learning</i>, ch. 12.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-447">[447]</a> General Wolfe, in his letter from Head-quarters on Sept. 2, 1759,
+    eleven days before his death wrote:&mdash;'In this situation there is such a
+    choice of difficulties that I own myself at a loss how to determine.'
+    <i>Ann. Reg.</i> 1759, p. 246.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-448">[448]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 89.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-449">[449]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 169, note 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-450">[450]</a> Boswell, in a note that he added to the second edition (see
+    <i>post</i>, end of the <i>Journal</i>), says that he has omitted 'a few
+    observations the publication of which might perhaps be considered as
+    passing the bounds of a strict decorum,' In the first edition (p. 165)
+    the next three paragraphs were as follows:&mdash;'Instead of finding the head
+    of the Macdonalds surrounded with his clan, and a festive entertainment,
+    we had a small company, and cannot boast of our cheer. The particulars
+    are minuted in my Journal, but I shall not trouble the publick with
+    them. I shall mention but one characteristick circumstance. My shrewd
+    and hearty friend Sir Thomas (Wentworth) Blacket, Lady Macdonald's
+    uncle, who had preceded us in a visit to this chief, upon being asked by
+    him if the punch-bowl then upon the table was not a very handsome one,
+    replied, "Yes&mdash;if it were full." 'Sir Alexander Macdonald having been an
+    Eton scholar, Dr. Johnson had formed an opinion of him which was much
+    diminished when he beheld him in the isle of Sky, where we heard heavy
+    complaints of rents racked, and the people driven to emigration. Dr.
+    Johnson said, "It grieves me to see the chief of a great clan appear to
+    such disadvantage. This gentleman has talents, nay some learning; but he
+    is totally unfit for this situation. Sir, the Highland chiefs should not
+    be allowed to go farther south than Aberdeen. A strong-minded man, like
+    his brother Sir James, may be improved by an English education; but in
+    general they will be tamed into insignificance." 'I meditated an escape
+    from this house the very next day; but Dr. Johnson resolved that we
+    should weather it out till Monday.' Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale:&mdash;'We
+    saw the isle of Skie before us, darkening the horizon with its rocky
+    coast. A boat was procured, and we launched into one of the straits of
+    the Atlantick Ocean. We had a passage of about twelve miles to the point
+    where &mdash;&mdash; &mdash;&mdash; resided, having come from his seat in the middle of the
+    island to a small house on the shore, as we believe, that he might with
+    less reproach entertain us meanly. If he aspired to meanness, his
+    retrograde ambition was completely gratified... Boswell was very angry,
+    and reproached him with his improper parsimony.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i.
+    137. A little later he wrote:&mdash;'I have done thinking of &mdash;&mdash; whom we now
+    call Sir Sawney; he has disgusted all mankind by injudicious parsimony,
+    and given occasion to so many stories, that &mdash;&mdash; has some thoughts of
+    collecting them, and making a novel of his life.' <i>Ib</i>. p. 198. The last
+    of Rowlandson's <i>Caricatures</i> of Boswell's <i>Journal</i> is entitled
+    <i>Revising for the Second Edition</i>. Macdonald is represented as seizing
+    Boswell by the throat and pointing with his stick to the <i>Journal</i> that
+    lies open at pages 168, 169. On the ground lie pages 165, 167, torn out.
+    Boswell, in an agony of fear, is begging for mercy.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-451">[451]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Here, in Badenoch, here in Lochaber anon, in Lochiel, in
+      Knoydart, Moydart, Morrer, Ardgower, and Ardnamurchan,
+      Here I see him and here: I see him; anon I lose him.'
+
+			Clough's <i>Bothie</i>, p. 125
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-452">[452]</a> See his Latin verses addressed to Dr. Johnson, in this APPENDIX. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-453">[453]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 157.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-454">[454]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 449.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-455">[455]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 99.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-456">[456]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii 198, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-457">[457]</a> 'Such is the laxity of Highland conversation, that the inquirer is
+    kept in continual suspense, and by a kind of intellectual retrogradation
+    knows less as he hears more.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 47. 'They are not
+    much accustomed to be interrogated by others, and seem never to have
+    thought upon interrogating themselves; so that if they do not know what
+    they tell to be true, they likewise do not distinctly perceive it to be
+    false. Mr. Boswell was very diligent in his inquiries; and the result of
+    his investigations was, that the answer to the second question was
+    commonly such as nullified the answer to the first.' <i>Ib.</i>, p. 114.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-458">[458]</a> Mr. Carruthers, in his edition of Boswell's <i>Hebrides</i>, says (p.
+    xiv):&mdash;'The new management and high rents took the tacksmen, or larger
+    tenants, by surprise. They were indignant at the treatment they
+    received, and selling off their stock they emigrated to America. In the
+    twenty years from 1772 to 1792, sixteen vessels with emigrants sailed
+    from the western shores of Inverness-shire and Ross-shire, containing
+    about 6400 persons, who carried with them in specie at least £38,400. A
+    desperate effort was made by the tacksmen on the estate of Lord
+    Macdonald. They bound themselves by a solemn oath not to offer for any
+    farm that might become vacant. The combination failed of its object, but
+    it appeared so formidable in the eyes of the "English-bred chieftain,"
+    that he retreated precipitately from Skye and never afterwards
+    returned.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-459">[459]</a> Dr. Johnson seems to have forgotten that a Highlander going armed
+    at this period incurred the penalty of serving as a common soldier for
+    the first, and of transportation beyond sea for a second offence. And as
+    for 'calling out his clan,' twelve Highlanders and a bagpipe made a
+    rebellion. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-460">[460]</a> Mackintosh (<i>Life</i> ii. 62) says that in Mme. du Deffand's
+    <i>Correspondence</i> there is 'an extraordinary confirmation of the talents
+    and accomplishments of our Highland Phoenix, Sir James Macdonald. A
+    Highland chieftain, admired by Voltaire, could have been no
+    ordinary man.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-461">[461]</a> This extraordinary young man, whom I had the pleasure of knowing
+    intimately, having been deeply regretted by his country, the most minute
+    particulars concerning him must be interesting to many. I shall
+    therefore insert his two last letters to his mother, Lady Margaret
+    Macdonald, which her ladyship has been pleased to communicate to me.
+    'Rome, July 9th, 1766. 'My DEAR MOTHER, 'Yesterday's post brought me
+    your answer to the first letter in which I acquainted you of my illness.
+    Your tenderness and concern upon that account are the same I have always
+    experienced, and to which I have often owed my life. Indeed it never was
+    in so great danger as it has been lately; and though it would have been
+    a very great comfort to me to have had you near me, yet perhaps I ought
+    to rejoice, on your account, that you had not the pain of such a
+    spectacle. I have been now a week in Rome, and wish I could continue to
+    give you the same good accounts of my recovery as I did in my last; but
+    I must own that, for three days past, I have been in a very weak and
+    miserable state, which however seems to give no uneasiness to my
+    physician. My stomach has been greatly out of order, without any visible
+    cause; and the palpitation does not decrease. I am told that my stomach
+    will soon recover its tone, and that the palpitation must cease in time.
+    So I am willing to believe; and with this hope support the little
+    remains of spirits which I can be supposed to have, on the forty-seventh
+    day of such an illness. Do not imagine I have relapsed;&mdash;I only recover
+    slower than I expected. If my letter is shorter than usual, the cause of
+    it is a dose of physick, which has weakened me so much to-day, that I am
+    not able to write a long letter. I will make up for it next post, and
+    remain always 'Your most sincerely affectionate son, 'J. MACDONALD.' He
+    grew gradually worse; and on the night before his death he wrote as
+    follows from Frescati:&mdash;'MY DEAR MOTHER, 'Though I did not mean to
+    deceive you in my last letter from Rome, yet certainly you would have
+    very little reason to conclude of the very great and constant danger I
+    have gone through ever since that time. My life, which is still almost
+    entirely desperate, did not at that time appear to me so, otherwise I
+    should have represented, in its true colours, a fact which acquires very
+    little horror by that means, and comes with redoubled force by
+    deception. There is no circumstance of danger and pain of which I have
+    not had the experience, for a continued series of above a fortnight;
+    during which time I have settled my affairs, after my death, with as
+    much distinctness as the hurry and the nature of the thing could admit
+    of. In case of the worst, the Abbé Grant will be my executor in this
+    part of the world, and Mr. Mackenzie in Scotland, where my object has
+    been to make you and my younger brother as independent of the eldest as
+    possible.' BOSWELL. Horace Walpole (Letters, vii. 291), in 1779, thus
+    mentions this 'younger brother':&mdash;'Macdonald abused Lord North in very
+    gross, yet too applicable, terms; and next day pleaded he had been
+    drunk, recanted, and was all admiration and esteem for his Lordship's
+    talents and virtues.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-462">[462]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 85, and <i>post</i>, Oct. 28.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-463">[463]</a> Cheyne's English Malady, ed. 1733, p. 229.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-464">[464]</a> 'Weary, stale, flat and unprofitable.' <i>Hamlet</i>, act i. sc. 2. See
+    <i>ante</i>, iii. 350, where Boswell is reproached by Johnson with 'bringing
+    in gabble,' when he makes this quotation.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-465">[465]</a> VARIOUS READINGS. Line 2. In the manuscript, Dr. Johnson, instead
+    of <i>rupibus obsita</i>, had written <i>imbribus uvida</i>, and <i>uvida nubibus</i>,
+    but struck them both out. Lines 15 and 16. Instead of these two lines,
+    he had written, but afterwards struck out, the following:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Parare posse, utcunque jactet
+     Grandiloquus nimis alta Zeno.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    BOSWELL. In Johnson's <i>Works</i>, i. 167, these lines are given with some
+    variations, which perhaps are in part due to Mr. Langton, who, we are
+    told (<i>ante</i>, Dec. 1784), edited some, if not indeed all, of Johnson's
+    Latin poems.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-466">[466]</a> Cowper wrote to S. Rose on May 20, 1789:&mdash;'Browne was an
+    entertaining companion when he had drunk his bottle, but not before;
+    this proved a snare to him, and he would sometimes drink too much.'
+    Southey's <i>Cowper</i>, vi. 237. His <i>De Animi Immortalitate</i> was published
+    in 1754. He died in 1760, aged fifty-four. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 339.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-467">[467]</a> Boswell, in one of his <i>Hypochondriacks</i> (<i>ante</i>, iv. 179)
+    says:&mdash;'I do fairly acknowledge that I love Drinking; that I have a
+    constitutional inclination to indulge in fermented liquors, and that if
+    it were not for the restraints of reason and religion, I am afraid I
+    should be as constant a votary of Bacchus as any man.... Drinking is in
+    reality an occupation which employs a considerable portion of the time
+    of many people; and to conduct it in the most rational and agreeable
+    manner is one of the great arts of living. Were we so framed that it
+    were possible by perpetual supplies of wine to keep ourselves for ever
+    gay and happy, there could be no doubt that drinking would be the
+    <i>summum bonum</i>, the chief good, to find out which philosophers have been
+    so variously busied. But we know from humiliating experience that men
+    cannot be kept long in a state of elevated drunkenness.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-468">[468]</a> That my readers may have my narrative in the style of the country
+    through which I am travelling, it is proper to inform them, that the
+    chief of a clan is denominated by his <i>surname</i> alone, as M'Leod,
+    M'Kinnon, M'lntosh. To prefix <i>Mr.</i> to it would be a degradation from
+    <i>the</i> M'Leod, &amp;c. My old friend, the Laird of M'Farlane, the great
+    antiquary, took it highly amiss, when General Wade called him Mr.
+    M'Farlane. Dr. Johnson said, he could not bring himself to use this mode
+    of address; it seemed to him to be too familiar, as it is the way in
+    which, in all other places, intimates or inferiors are addressed. When
+    the chiefs have <i>titles</i> they are denominated by them, as <i>Sir James
+    Grant</i>, <i>Sir Allan M'Lean</i>. The other Highland gentlemen, of landed
+    property, are denominated by their <i>estates</i>, as <i>Rasay</i>, <i>Boisdale</i>;
+    and the wives of all of them have the title of <i>ladies</i>. The <i>tacksmen</i>,
+    or principal tenants, are named by their farms, as <i>Kingsburgh</i>,
+    <i>Corrichatachin</i>; and their wives are called the <i>mistress</i> of
+    Kingsburgh, the <i>mistress</i> of Corrichatachin.&mdash;Having given this
+    explanation, I am at liberty to use that mode of speech which generally
+    prevails in the Highlands and the Hebrides. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-469">[469]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 275.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-470">[470]</a> Boswell implies that Sir A. Macdonald's table had not been
+    furnished plentifully. Johnson wrote:&mdash;'At night we came to a tenant's
+    house of the first rank of tenants, where we were entertained better
+    than at the landlord's.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 141.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-471">[471]</a> 'Little did I once think,' he wrote to her the same day, 'of
+    seeing this region of obscurity, and little did you once expect a
+    salutation from this verge of European life. I have now the pleasure of
+    going where nobody goes, and seeing what nobody sees.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>,
+    i. 120. About fourteen years since, I landed in Sky, with a party of
+    friends, and had the curiosity to ask what was the first idea on every
+    one's mind at landing. All answered separately that it was this Ode. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-472">[472]</a> See Appendix B.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-473">[473]</a> 'I never was in any house of the islands, where I did not find
+    books in more languages than one, if I staid long enough to want them,
+    except one from which the family was removed.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix.
+    50. He is speaking of 'the higher rank of the Hebridians,' for on p. 61
+    he says:&mdash;'The greater part of the islanders make no use of books.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-474">[474]</a> There was a Mrs. Brooks, an actress, the daughter of a Scotchman
+    named Watson, who had forfeited his property by 'going out in the '45.'
+    But according to <i>The Thespian Dictionary</i> her first appearance on the
+    stage was in 1786.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-475">[475]</a> Boswell mentions, <i>post</i>, Oct. 5, 'the famous Captain of
+    Clanranald, who fell at Sherrif-muir.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-476">[476]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 95.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-477">[477]</a> By John Macpherson, D.D. See <i>post</i>, Sept. 13.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-478">[478]</a> Sir Walter Scott, when in Sky in 1814, wrote:&mdash;'We learn that most
+    of the Highland superstitions, even that of the second sight, are still
+    in force.' Lockhart's <i>Scott</i>, ed. 1839, iv. 305. See <i>.ante</i>, ii. 10, 318.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-479">[479]</a> Of him Johnson wrote:&mdash;'One of the ministers honestly told me that
+    he came to Sky with a resolution not to believe it.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 106.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-480">[480]</a> 'By the term <i>second sight</i> seems to be meant a mode of seeing
+    superadded to that which nature generally bestows. In the Erse it is
+    called <i>Taisch</i>; which signifies likewise a spectre or a vision.'
+    <i>Johnson's Works</i>, ix. 105.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-481">[481]</a> Gray's <i>Ode on a distant prospect of Eton College</i>, 1. 44.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-482">[482]</a> A tonnage bounty of thirty shillings a ton was at this time given
+    to the owners of busses or decked vessels for the encouragement of the
+    white herring fishery. Adam Smith (<i>Wealth of Nations</i>, iv. 5) shews how
+    mischievous was its effect.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-483">[483]</a> The Highland expression for Laird of Rasay. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-484">[484]</a> 'In Sky I first observed the use of brogues, a kind of artless
+    shoes, stitched with thongs so loosely, that, though they defend the
+    foot from stones, they do not exclude water.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix 46.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-485">[485]</a> To evade the law against the tartan dress, the Highlanders used to
+    dye their variegated plaids and kilts into blue, green, or any single
+    colour. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-486">[486]</a> See <i>post</i>, Oct. 5.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-487">[487]</a> The Highlanders were all well inclined to the episcopalian form,
+    <i>proviso</i> that the right <i>king</i> was prayed for. I suppose Malcolm meant
+    to say, 'I will come to your church because you are honest folk,' viz.
+    <i>Jacobites</i>. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-488">[488]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 450, and ii. 291.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-489">[489]</a> Perhaps he was thinking of Johnson's letter of June 20, 1771
+    (<i>ante</i>, ii. 140), where he says:&mdash;'I hope the time will come when we
+    may try our powers both with cliffs and water.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-490">[490]</a> 'The wind blew enough to give the boat a kind of dancing
+    agitation.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 142. 'The water was calm and the rowers
+    were vigorous; so that our passage was quick and pleasant.' Johnson's
+    <i>Works</i>, ix. 54.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-491">[491]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Caught in the wild Aegean seas,
+      The sailor bends to heaven for ease.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    FRANCIS. Horace, 2, <i>Odes</i>, xvi. 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-492">[492]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. Dec. 9, 1784, note.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-493">[493]</a> Such spells are still believed in. A lady of property in Mull, a
+    friend of mine, had a few years since much difficulty in rescuing from
+    the superstitious fury of the people, an old woman, who used a <i>charm</i>
+    to injure her neighbour's cattle. It is now in my possession, and
+    consists of feathers, parings of nails, hair, and such like trash, wrapt
+    in a lump of clay. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-494">[494]</a> Sir Walter Scott, writing in Skye in 1814, says:&mdash;'Macleod and Mr.
+    Suter have both heard a tacksman of Macleod's recite the celebrated
+    Address to the Sun; and another person repeat the description of
+    Cuchullin's car. But all agree as to the gross infidelity of Macpherson
+    as a translator and editor.' Lockhart's <i>Scott</i>, iv. 308.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-495">[495]</a> See <i>post</i>, Nov. 10.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-496">[496]</a> 'The women reaped the corn, and the men bound up the sheaves. The
+    strokes of the sickle were timed by the modulation of the harvest-song,
+    in which all their voices were united.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 58.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-497">[497]</a> 'The money which he raises annually by rent from all his
+    dominions, which contain at least 50,000 acres, is not believed to
+    exceed £250; but as he keeps a large farm in his own hands, he sells
+    every year great numbers of cattle ... The wine circulates vigorously,
+    and the tea, chocolate, and coffee, however they are got, are always at
+    hand.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 142. 'Of wine and punch they are very
+    liberal, for they get them cheap; but as there is no custom-house on the
+    island, they can hardly be considered as smugglers.' <i>Ib</i>. p. 160.
+    'Their trade is unconstrained; they pay no customs, for there is no
+    officer to demand them; whatever, therefore, is made dear only by impost
+    is obtained here at an easy rate.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 52.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-498">[498]</a> 'No man is so abstemious as to refuse the morning dram, which they
+    call a <i>skalk</i>.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. p. 51.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-499">[499]</a> Alexander Macleod, of Muiravenside, advocate, became extremely
+    obnoxious to government by his zealous personal efforts to engage his
+    chief Macleod, and Macdonald of Sky, in the Chevalier's attempts of
+    1745. Had he succeeded, it would have added one third at least to the
+    Jacobite army. Boswell has oddly described <i>M'Cruslick</i>, the being whose
+    name was conferred upon this gentleman, as something between Proteus and
+    Don Quixote. It is the name of a species of satyr, or <i>esprit follet</i>, a
+    sort of mountain Puck or hobgoblin, seen among the wilds and mountains,
+    as the old Highlanders believed, sometimes mirthful, sometimes
+    mischievous. Alexander Macleod's precarious mode of life and variable
+    spirits occasioned the <i>soubriquet</i>. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-500">[500]</a> Johnson also complained of the cheese. 'In the islands they do
+    what I found it not very easy to endure. They pollute the tea-table by
+    plates piled with large slices of Cheshire cheese, which mingles its
+    less grateful odours with the fragrance of the tea.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 52.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-501">[501]</a> 'The estate has not, during four hundred years, gained or lost a
+    single acre.' <i>Ib</i>. p. 55.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-502">[502]</a> Lord Stowell told me, that on the road from Newcastle to Berwick,
+    Dr. Johnson and he passed a cottage, at the entrance of which were set
+    up two of those great bones of the whale, which are not unfrequently
+    seen in maritime districts. Johnson expressed great horror at the sight
+    of these bones; and called the people, who could use such relics of
+    mortality as an ornament, mere savages. CROKER.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-503">[503]</a> In like manner Boswell wrote:&mdash;'It is divinely cheering to me to
+    think that there is a Cathedral so near Auchinleck [as Carlisle].'
+    <i>Ante</i>, iii. 416.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-504">[504]</a> 'It is not only in Rasay that the chapel is unroofed and useless;
+    through the few islands which we visited we neither saw nor heard of any
+    house of prayer, except in Sky, that was not in ruins. The malignant
+    influence of Calvinism has blasted ceremony and decency together... It
+    has been for many years popular to talk of the lazy devotion of the
+    Romish clergy; over the sleepy laziness of men that erected churches we
+    may indulge our superiority with a new triumph, by comparing it with the
+    fervid activity of those who suffer them to fall.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>,
+    ix. 61. He wrote to Mrs. Thrale:&mdash;'By the active zeal of Protestant
+    devotion almost all the chapels have sunk into ruin.' <i>Piozzi
+    Letters</i>, i. 152.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-505">[505]</a> 'Not many years ago,' writes Johnson, 'the late Laird led out one
+    hundred men upon a military expedition.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 59. What the
+    expedition was he is careful not to state.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-506">[506]</a> 'I considered this rugged ascent as the consequence of a form of
+    life inured to hardships, and therefore not studious of nice
+    accommodations. But I know not whether for many ages it was not
+    considered as a part of military policy to keep the country not easily
+    accessible. The rocks are natural fortifications.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>,
+    ix. p. 54.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-507">[507]</a> See <i>post</i> Sept. 17.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-508">[508]</a> In Sky a price was set 'upon the heads of foxes, which, as the
+    number was diminished, has been gradually raised from three shillings
+    and sixpence to a guinea, a sum so great in this part of the world,
+    that, in a short time, Sky may be as free from foxes as England from
+    wolves. The fund for these rewards is a tax of sixpence in the pound,
+    imposed by the farmers on themselves, and said to be paid with great
+    willingness.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 57.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-509">[509]</a> Boswell means that the eastern coast of Sky is westward of Rasay. CROKER.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-510">[510]</a> 'The Prince was hidden in his distress two nights in Rasay, and
+    the King's troops burnt the whole country, and killed some of the
+    cattle. You may guess at the opinions that prevail in this country; they
+    are, however, content with fighting for their King; they do not drink
+    for him. We had no foolish healths', <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 145.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-511">[511]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 217, where he said:&mdash;'You have, perhaps, no man
+    who knows as much Greek and Latin as Bentley.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-512">[512]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 61, and <i>post</i>, Oct. 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-513">[513]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 268, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-514">[514]</a> Steele had had the Duke of Marlborough's papers, and 'in some of
+    his exigencies put them in pawn. They then remained with the old
+    Duchess, who, in her will, assigned the task to Glover [the author of
+    <i>Leonidas</i>] and Mallet, with a reward of a thousand pounds, and a
+    prohibition to insert any verses. Glover rejected, I suppose with
+    disdain, the legacy, and devolved the whole work upon Mallet; who had
+    from the late Duke of Marlborough a pension to promote his industry, and
+    who talked of the discoveries which he had made; but left not, when he
+    died, any historical labours behind him.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, viii. 466.
+    The Duchess died in 1744 and Mallet in 1765. For more than twenty years
+    he thus imposed more or less successfully on the world. About the year
+    1751 he played on Garrick's vanity. 'Mallet, in a familiar conversation
+    with Garrick, discoursing of the diligence which he was then exerting
+    upon the <i>Life of Marlborough</i>, let him know, that in the series of
+    great men quickly to be exhibited, he should <i>find a niche</i> for the hero
+    of the theatre. Garrick professed to wonder by what artifice he could be
+    introduced; but Mallet let him know, that by a dexterous anticipation he
+    should fix him in a conspicuous place. "Mr. Mallet," says Garrick in his
+    gratitude of exultation, "have you left off to write for the stage?"
+    Mallet then confessed that he had a drama in his hands. Garrick promised
+    to act it; and <i>Alfred</i> was produced.' <i>Ib</i>. p. 465. See <i>ante</i>,
+    iii. 386.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-515">[515]</a> According to Dr. Warton (<i>Essay on Pope</i>, ii. 140) he received
+    £5000. 'Old Marlborough,' wrote Horace Walpole in March, 1742 (Letters,
+    i. 139), 'has at last published her <i>Memoirs</i>; they are digested by one
+    Hooke, who wrote a Roman history; but from her materials, which are so
+    womanish that I am sure the man might sooner have made a gown and
+    petticoat with them.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-516">[516]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 153
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-517">[517]</a> 'Hooke,' says Dr. Warton (<i>Essay on Pope</i>, ii. 141), 'was a Mystic
+    and a Quietist, and a warm disciple of Fénelon. It was he who brought a
+    Catholic priest to take Pope's confession on his death-bed.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-518">[518]</a> See Cumberland's <i>Memoirs</i>, i. 344.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-519">[519]</a> Mr. Croker says that 'though he sold a great tract of land in
+    Harris, he left at his death in 1801 the original debt of £50,000
+    [Boswell says £40,000] increased to £70,000.' When Johnson visited
+    Macleod at Dunvegan, he wrote to Mrs. Thrale:&mdash;'Here, though poor
+    Macleod had been left by his grandfather overwhelmed with debts, we had
+    another exhibition of feudal hospitality. There were two stags in the
+    house, and venison came to the table every day in its various forms.
+    Macleod, besides his estate in Sky, larger I suppose than some English
+    counties, is proprietor of nine inhabited isles; and of his isles
+    uninhabited I doubt if he very exactly knows the number, I told him that
+    he was a mighty monarch. Such dominions fill an Englishman with envious
+    wonder; but when he surveys the naked mountain, and treads the quaking
+    moor; and wanders over the wild regions of gloomy barrenness, his wonder
+    may continue, but his envy ceases. The unprofitableness of these vast
+    domains can be conceived only by the means of positive instances. The
+    heir of Col, an island not far distant, has lately told me how wealthy
+    he should be if he could let Rum, another of his islands, for twopence
+    halfpenny an acre; and Macleod has an estate which the surveyor reports
+    to contain 80,000 acres, rented at £600 a year.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>,
+    i. 154.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-520">[520]</a> They were abolished by an act passed in 1747, being 'reckoned
+    among the principal sources of the rebellions. They certainly kept the
+    common people in subjection to their chiefs. By this act they were
+    legally emancipated from slavery; but as the tenants enjoyed no leases,
+    and were at all times liable to be ejected from their farms, they still
+    depended on the pleasure of their lords, notwithstanding this
+    interposition of the legislature, which granted a valuable consideration
+    in money to every nobleman and petty baron, who was thus deprived of one
+    part of his inheritance.' Smollett's <i>England</i>, iii. 206. See <i>ante</i>, p.
+    46, note 1, and <i>post</i>, Oct. 22.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-521">[521]</a> 'I doubt not but that since the regular judges have made their
+    circuits through the whole country, right has been everywhere more
+    wisely and more equally distributed; the complaint is, that litigation
+    is grown troublesome, and that the magistrates are too few and therefore
+    often too remote for general convenience... In all greater questions
+    there is now happily an end to all fear or hope from malice or from
+    favour. The roads are secure in those places through which forty years
+    ago no traveller could pass without a convoy...No scheme of policy has
+    in any country yet brought the rich and poor on equal terms to courts of
+    judicature. Perhaps experience improving on experience may in time
+    effect it.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 90.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-522">[522]</a> He described Rasay as 'the seat of plenty, civility, and
+    cheerfulness.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 152.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-523">[523]</a> 'We heard the women singing as they <i>waulked</i> the cloth, by
+    rubbing it with their hands and feet, and screaming all the while in a
+    sort of chorus. At a distance the sound was wild and sweet enough, but
+    rather discordant when you approached too near the performers.'
+    Lockhart's <i>Scott</i>, iv. 307.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-524">[524]</a> She had been some time at Edinburgh, to which she again went, and
+    was married to my worthy neighbour, Colonel Mure Campbell, now Earl of
+    Loudoun, but she died soon afterwards, leaving one daughter. BOSWELL.
+    'She is a celebrated beauty; has been admired at Edinburgh; dresses her
+    head very high; and has manners so lady-like that I wish her head-dress
+    was lower.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 144. See <i>ante</i>, iii. 118.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-525">[525]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Yet hope not life from <i>grief</i> or danger free,
+      <i>Nor</i> think the doom of man reversed for thee.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>The Vanity of Human Wishes</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-526">[526]</a> 'Rasay accompanied us in his six-oared boat, which he said was his
+    coach and six. It is indeed the vehicle in which the ladies take the air
+    and pay their visits, but they have taken very little care for
+    accommodations. There is no way in or out of the boat for a woman but by
+    being carried; and in the boat thus dignified with a pompous name there
+    is no seat but an occasional bundle of straw.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 152.
+    In describing the distance of one family from another, Johnson
+    writes:&mdash;'Visits last several days, and are commonly paid by water; yet
+    I never saw a boat furnished with benches.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 100.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-527">[527]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 106, and iii. 154.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-528">[528]</a> 'They which forewent us did leave a Roome for us, and should wee
+    grieve to doe the same to these which should come after us? Who beeing
+    admitted to see the exquisite rarities of some antiquaries cabinet is
+    grieved, all viewed, to have the courtaine drawen, and give place to new
+    pilgrimes?' <i>A Cypresse Grove</i>, by William Drummond of Hawthorne-denne,
+    ed. 1630, p. 68.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-529">[529]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 153, 295.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-530">[530]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'While hoary Nestor, by experience wise,
+      To reconcile the angry monarch tries.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    FRANCIS. Horace, i <i>Epis</i>. ii. II.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-531">[531]</a> <i>See ante</i>, p. 16.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-532">[532]</a> Lord Elibank died Aug. 3, 1778, aged 75. <i>Gent. Mag.</i> 1778, p. 391.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-533">[533]</a> A term in Scotland for a special messenger, such as was formerly
+    sent with dispatches by the lords of the council.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-534">[534]</a> Yet he said of him:&mdash;'There is nothing <i>conclusive</i> in his talk.'
+    <i>Ante</i> iii. 57.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-535">[535]</a> 'I believe every man has found in physicians great liberality and
+    dignity of sentiment, very prompt effusion of beneficence, and
+    willingness to exert a lucrative art where there is no hope of lucre.'
+    Johnson's <i>Works</i>, vii. 402. See <i>ante</i>, iv. 263.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-536">[536]</a> Johnson says (<i>ib</i>. ix. 156) that when the military road was made
+    through Glencroe, 'stones were placed to mark the distances, which the
+    inhabitants have taken away, resolved, they said, "to have no
+    new miles."'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-537">[537]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'The lawland lads think they are fine,
+      But O they're vain and idly gawdy;
+      How much unlike that graceful mien
+      And manly look of my highland laddie.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    From '<i>The Highland Laddie</i>, written long since by Allan Ramsay, and now
+    sung at Ranelagh and all the other gardens; often fondly encored, and
+    sometimes ridiculously hissed.' <i>Gent. Mag</i>. 1750, p. 325.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-538">[538]</a> 'She is of a pleasing person and elegant behaviour. She told me
+    that she thought herself honoured by my visit; and I am sure that
+    whatever regard she bestowed on me was liberally repaid.' <i>Piozzi
+    Letters</i>, i. 153. In his <i>Journey</i> (<i>Works</i>, ix. 63) Johnson speaks of
+    Flora Macdonald, as 'a name that will be mentioned in history, and if
+    courage and fidelity be virtues, mentioned with honour.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-539">[539]</a> This word, which meant much the same as, <i>fop</i> or <i>dandy</i>, is
+    found in Bk. x. ch. 2 of Fielding's <i>Amelia</i> (published in 1751):&mdash;'A
+    large assembly of young fellows, whom they call bucks.' Less than forty
+    years ago, in the neighbourhood of London, it was, I remember, still
+    commonly applied by the village lads to the boys of a boarding-school.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-540">[540]</a> This word was at this time often used in a loose sense, though
+    Johnson could not have so used it. Thus Horace Walpole, writing on May
+    16, 1759 (<i>Letters</i>, iii. 227), tells a story of the little Prince
+    Frederick. 'T'other day as he was with the Prince of Wales, Kitty Fisher
+    passed by, and the child named her; the Prince, to try him, asked who
+    that was? "Why, a Miss." "A Miss," said the Prince of Wales, "why are
+    not all girls Misses?" "Oh! but a particular sort of Miss&mdash;a Miss that
+    sells oranges."' Mr. Cunningham in a note on this says:&mdash;'Orange-girls
+    at theatres were invariably courtesans.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-541">[541]</a> <i>Governor</i> was the term commonly given to a tutor, especially a
+    travelling tutor. Thus Peregrine Pickle was sent first to Winchester and
+    afterwards abroad 'under the immediate care and inspection of a
+    governor.' <i>Peregrine Pickle</i>, ch. xv.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-542">[542]</a> He and his wife returned before the end of the War of
+    Independence. On the way back she showed great spirit when their ship
+    was attacked by a French man of war. Chambers's <i>Rebellion in
+    Scotland</i>, ii. 329.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-543">[543]</a> I do not call him <i>the Prince of Wales</i>, or <i>the Prince</i>, because
+    I am quite satisfied that the right which the <i>House of Stuart</i> had to
+    the throne is extinguished. I do not call him, the <i>Pretender</i>, because
+    it appears to me as an insult to one who is still alive, and, I suppose,
+    thinks very differently. It may be a parliamentary expression; but it is
+    not a gentlemanly expression. I <i>know</i>, and I exult in having it in my
+    power to tell, that THE ONLY PERSON in the world who is intitled to be
+    offended at this delicacy, thinks and feels as I do; and has liberality
+    of mind and generosity of sentiment enough to approve of my tenderness
+    for what even <i>has been</i> Blood Royal. That he is a <i>prince</i> by
+    <i>courtesy</i>, cannot be denied; because his mother was the daughter of
+    Sobiesky, king of Poland. I shall, therefore, <i>on that account alone</i>,
+    distinguish him by the name of <i>Prince Charles Edward</i>. BOSWELL. To have
+    called him the <i>Pretender</i> in the presence of Flora Macdonald would have
+    been hazardous. In her old age, 'such is said to have been the virulence
+    of the Jacobite spirit in her composition, that she would have struck
+    any one with her fist who presumed, in her hearing, to call Charles <i>the
+    Pretender</i>.' Chambers's <i>Rebellion in Scotland</i>, ii. 330.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-544">[544]</a> This, perhaps, was said in allusion to some lines ascribed to
+    <i>Pope</i>, on his lying, at John Duke of Argyle's, at Adderbury, in the
+    same bed in which Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, had slept:
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'With no poetick ardour fir'd,
+        I press [press'd] the bed where Wilmot lay;
+      That here he liv'd [lov'd], or here expir'd,
+        Begets no numbers, grave or gay.'
+			BOSWELL.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-545">[545]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 60, 187.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-546">[546]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 113 and 315.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-547">[547]</a> 'This was written while Mr. Wilkes was Sheriff of London, and when
+    it was to be feared he would rattle his chain a year longer as Lord
+    Mayor.' Note to Campbell's <i>British Poets</i>, p. 662. By 'here' the poet
+    means at <i>Tyburn</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-548">[548]</a> With virtue weigh'd, what worthless trash is gold! BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-549">[549]</a> Since the first edition of this book, an ingenious friend has
+    observed to me, that Dr. Johnson had probably been thinking on the
+    reward which was offered by government for the apprehension of the
+    grandson of King James II, and that he meant by these words to express
+    his admiration of the Highlanders, whose fidelity and attachment had
+    resisted the golden temptation that had been held out to them. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-550">[550]</a> On the subject of Lady Margaret Macdonald, it is impossible to
+    omit an anecdote which does much honour to Frederick, Prince of Wales.
+    By some chance Lady Margaret had been presented to the princess, who,
+    when she learnt what share she had taken in the Chevalier's escape,
+    hastened to excuse herself to the prince, and exlain to him that she was
+    not aware that Lady Margaret was the person who had harboured the
+    fugitive. The prince's answer was noble: 'And would <i>you</i> not have done
+    the same, madam, had he come to you, as to her, in distress and danger?
+    I hope&mdash;I am sure you would!' WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-551">[551]</a> This old Scottish <i>member of parliament</i>, I am informed, is still
+    living (1785). BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-552">[552]</a> I cannot find that this account was ever published. Mr. Lumisden
+    is mentioned <i>ante</i>, ii. 401, note 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-553">[553]</a> This word is not in Johnson's <i>Dictionary</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-554">[554]</a> Dr. A. Carlyle (<i>Auto</i>. p. 153) describes him in 1745 as 'a
+    good-looking man of about five feet ten inches; his hair was dark red,
+    and his eyes black. His features were regular, his visage long, much
+    sunburnt and freckled, and his countenance thoughtful and melancholy.'
+    When the Pretender was in London in 1750, 'he came one evening,' writes
+    Dr. W. King (<i>Anec</i>. p. 199) 'to my lodgings, and drank tea with me; my
+    servant, after he was gone, said to me, that he thought my new visitor
+    very like Prince Charles. "Why," said I, "have you ever seen Prince
+    Charles?" "No, Sir," said the fellow, "but this gentleman, whoever he
+    may be, exactly resembles the busts which are sold in Red Lionstreet,
+    and are said to be the busts of Prince Charles." The truth is, these
+    busts were taken in plaster of Paris from his face. He has an handsome
+    face and good eyes.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-555">[555]</a> Sir Walter Scott, writing of his childhood, mentions 'the stories
+    told in my hearing of the cruelties after the battle of Culloden. One or
+    two of our own distant relations had fallen, and I remember of (sic)
+    detesting the name of Cumberland with more than infant hatred.'
+    Lockhart's <i>Scott</i>, i. 24. 'I was,' writes Dr. A. Carlyle (<i>Auto</i>, p.
+    190), 'in the coffee-house with Smollett when the news of the battle of
+    Culloden arrived, and when London all over was in a perfect uproar of
+    joy.' On coming out into the street, 'Smollett,' he continues,
+    'cautioned me against speaking a word, lest the mob should discover my
+    country, and become insolent, "for John Bull," says he; "is as haughty
+    and valiant to-night as he was abject and cowardly on the Black
+    Wednesday when the Highlanders were at Derby." I saw not Smollett again
+    for some time after, when he shewed me his manuscript of his <i>Tears of
+    Scotland</i>. Smollett, though a Tory, was not a Jacobite, but he had the
+    feelings of a Scotch gentleman on the reported cruelties that were said
+    to be exercised after the battle of Culloden.' See <i>ante</i>, ii. 374, for
+    the madman 'beating his straw, supposing it was the Duke of Cumberland,
+    whom he was punishing for his cruelties in Scotland in 1746.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-556">[556]</a> 'He was obliged to trust his life to the fidelity of above fifty
+    individuals, and many of these were in the lowest paths of fortune. They
+    knew that a price of £30,000 was set upon his head, and that by
+    betraying him they should enjoy wealth and affluence.' Smollett's <i>Hist.
+    of England</i>, iii. 184.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-557">[557]</a> 'Que les hommes privés, qui se plaignent de leurs petites
+    infortunes, jettent les yeux sur ce prince et sur ses ancêtres.' <i>Siècle
+    de Louis XV</i>, ch. 25.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-558">[558]</a> 'I never heard him express any noble or benevolent sentiments, or
+    discover any sorrow or compassion for the misfortunes of so many worthy
+    men who had suffered in his cause. But the most odious part of his
+    character is his love of money, a vice which I do not remember to have
+    been imputed by our historians to any of his ancestors, and is the
+    certain index of a base and little mind. I have known this gentleman,
+    with 2000 Louis d'ors in his strong box, pretend he was in great
+    distress, and borrow money from a lady in Paris, who was not in affluent
+    circumstances.' Dr. W. King's <i>Anec.</i> p. 201. 'Lord Marischal,' writes
+    Hume, 'had a very bad opinion of this unfortunate prince; and thought
+    there was no vice so mean or atrocious of which he was not capable; of
+    which he gave me several instances.' J. H. Burton's <i>Hume</i>, ii. 464.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-559">[559]</a> <i>Siècle de Louis XIV</i>, ch. 15. The accentuation of this passage,
+    which was very incorrect as quoted by Boswell, I have corrected.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-560">[560]</a> By banishment he meant, I conjecture, transportation as a
+    convict-slave to the American plantations.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-561">[561]</a> Wesley in his <i>Journal</i>&mdash;the reference I have mislaid&mdash;seemed from
+    this consideration almost to regret a reprieve that came to a
+    penitent convict.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-562">[562]</a> Hume describes how in 1753 (? 1750) the Pretender, on his secret
+    visit to London, 'came to the house of a lady (who I imagined to be Lady
+    Primrose) without giving her any preparatory information; and entered
+    the room where she had a pretty large company with her, and was herself
+    playing at cards. He was announced by the servant under another name.
+    She thought the cards would have dropped from her hands on seeing him.
+    But she had presence enough of mind to call him by the name he assumed.'
+    J.H. Burton's <i>Hume</i>, ii. 462. Mr. Croker (Croker's <i>Boswell</i>, p. 331)
+    prints an autograph letter from Flora Macdonald which shows that Lady
+    Primrose in 1751 had lodged £627 in a friend's hands for her behoof, and
+    that she had in view to add more.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-563">[563]</a> It seems that the Pretender was only once in London, and that it
+    was in 1750. <i>Ante</i>, i. 279, note 5. I suspect that 1759 is Boswell's
+    mistake or his printer's. From what Johnson goes on to say it is clear
+    that George II. was in Germany at the time of the Prince's secret visit.
+    He was there the greater part of 1750, but not in 1753 or 1759. In 1750,
+    moreover, 'the great army of the King of Prussia overawed Hanover.'
+    Smollett's <i>England</i>, iii. 297. This explains what Johnson says about
+    the King of Prussia stopping the army in Germany.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-564">[564]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 165, 170.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-565">[565]</a> COMMENTARIES on the laws of England, book 1. chap. 3. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-566">[566]</a> B. VI. chap. 3. Since I have quoted Mr. Archdeacon Paley upon one
+    subject, I cannot but transcribe, from his excellent work, a
+    distinguished passage in support of the Christian Revelation.&mdash;After
+    shewing, in decent but strong terms, the unfairness of the <i>indirect</i>
+    attempts of modern infidels to unsettle and perplex religious
+    principles, and particularly the irony, banter, and sneer, of one whom
+    he politely calls 'an eloquent historian,' the archdeacon thus expresses
+    himself:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Seriousness is not constraint of thought; nor levity, freedom. Every
+    mind which wishes the advancement of truth and knowledge, in the most
+    important of all human researches, must abhor this licentiousness, as
+    violating no less the laws of reasoning than the rights of decency.
+    There is but one description of men to whose principles it ought to be
+    tolerable. I mean that class of reasoners who can see <i>little</i> in
+    christianity even supposing it to be true. To such adversaries we
+    address this reflection.&mdash;Had <i>Jesus Christ</i> delivered no other
+    declaration than the following, "The hour is coming in the which all
+    that are in the graves shall hear his voice, and shall come forth,&mdash;they
+    that have done well [good] unto the resurrection of life, and they that
+    have done evil unto the resurrection of damnation," [<i>St. John</i> v. 25]
+    he had pronounced a message of inestimable importance, and well worthy
+    of that splendid apparatus of prophecy and miracles with which his
+    mission was introduced and attested:&mdash;a message in which the wisest of
+    mankind would rejoice to find an answer to their doubts, and rest to
+    their inquiries. It is idle to say that a future state had been
+    discovered already.&mdash;It had been discovered as the Copernican System
+    was;&mdash;it was one guess amongst many. He alone discovers who <i>proves</i>,
+    and no man can prove this point but the teacher who testifies by
+    miracles that his doctrine comes from GOD.'&mdash;Book V. chap. 9.
+</p>
+<p>
+    If infidelity be disingenuously dispersed in every shape that is likely
+    to allure, surprise, or beguile the imagination,&mdash;in a fable, a tale, a
+    novel, a poem,&mdash;in books of travels, of philosophy, of natural
+    history,&mdash;as Mr. Paley has well observed,&mdash;I hope it is fair in me thus
+    to meet such poison with an unexpected antidote, which I cannot doubt
+    will be found powerful. BOSWELL. The 'eloquent historian' was Gibbon.
+    See Paley's <i>Principles</i>, ed. 1786, p. 395.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-567">[567]</a> In <i>The Life of Johnson (ante</i>, iii. 113), Boswell quotes these
+    words, without shewing that they are his own; but italicises not
+    fervour, but loyalty.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-568">[568]</a> 'Whose service is perfect freedom.' <i>Book of Common Prayer.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-569">[569]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 353, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-570">[570]</a> Ovid, <i>Ars Amatoria</i>, iii. 121.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-571">[571]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'This facile temper of the beauteous sex
+      Great Agamemnon, brave Pelides proved.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    These two lines follow the four which Boswell quotes. <i>Agis</i>, act iv.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-572">[572]</a> <i>Agis</i>, a tragedy, by John Home. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-573">[573]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 27.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-574">[574]</a> A misprint, I suppose, for <i>designing</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-575">[575]</a> 'Next in dignity to the laird is the tacksman; a large taker or
+    leaseholder of land, of which he keeps part as a domain in his own hand,
+    and lets part to under-tenants. The tacksman is necessarily a man
+    capable of securing to the laird the whole rent, and is commonly a
+    collateral relation.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 82.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-576">[576]</a> A <i>lettre de cachet</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-577">[577]</a> <i>Ante</i>, p. 159.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-578">[578]</a> 'It is related that at Dunvegan Lady Macleod, having poured out
+    for Dr. Johnson sixteen cups of tea, asked him if a small basin would
+    not save him trouble, and be more agreeable. "I wonder, Madam," answered
+    he roughly, "why all the ladies ask me such questions. It is to save
+    yourselves trouble, Madam, and not me." The lady was silent and resumed
+    her task.' Northcote's <i>Reynolds</i>, i. 81.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-579">[579]</a> 'In the garden-or rather the orchard which was formerly the
+    garden-is a pretty cascade, divided into two branches, and called Rorie
+    More's Nurse, because he loved to be lulled to sleep by the sound of
+    it.' Lockhart's <i>Scott</i>, iv. 304.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-580">[580]</a> It has been said that she expressed considerable dissatisfaction
+    at Dr. Johnson's rude behaviour at Dunvegan. Her grandson, the present
+    Macleod, assures me that it was not so: 'they were all,' he says
+    emphatically, '<i>delighted</i> with him.' CROKER. Mr. Croker refers, I
+    think, to a communication from Sir Walter Scott, published in the
+    <i>Croker Corres</i>. ii. 33. Scott writes:&mdash;'When wind-bound at Dunvegan,
+    Johnson's temper became most execrable, and beyond all endurance, save
+    that of his guide. The Highlanders, who are very courteous in their way,
+    held him in great contempt for his want of breeding, but had an idea at
+    the same time there was something respectable about him, they could not
+    tell what, and long spoke of him as the Sassenach <i>mohr</i>, or
+    large Saxon.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-581">[581]</a> 'I long to be again in civilized life.' <i>Ante</i>, p. 183.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-582">[582]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 406.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-583">[583]</a> Johnson refers, I think, to a passage in <i>L'Esprit des Lois</i>, Book
+    xvi. chap. 4, where Montesquieu says:&mdash;'J'avoue que si ce que les
+    relations nous disent était vrai, qu'à Bantam il y a dix femmes pour un
+    homme, ce serait un cas bien particulier de la polygamie. Dans tout ceci
+    je ne justifie pas les usages, mais j'en rends les raisons.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-584">[584]</a> What my friend treated as so wild a supposition, has actually
+    happened in the Western islands of Scotland, if we may believe Martin,
+    who tells it of the islands of Col and Tyr-yi, and says that it is
+    proved by the parish registers. BOSWELL. 'The Isle of Coll produces more
+    boys than girls, and the Isle of Tire-iy more girls than boys; as if
+    nature intended both these isles for mutual alliances, without being at
+    the trouble of going to the adjacent isles or continent to be matched.
+    The parish-book in which the number of the baptised is to be seen,
+    confirms this observation.' Martin's <i>Western Islands,</i> p. 271.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-585">[585]</a> <i>A Dissertation on the Gout</i>, by W. Cadogan, M.D., 1771. It went
+    through nine editions in its first year.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-586">[586]</a> This was a general reflection against Dr. Cadogan, when his very
+    popular book was first published. It was said, that whatever precepts he
+    might give to others, he himself indulged freely in the bottle. But I
+    have since had the pleasure of becoming acquainted with him, and, if his
+    own testimony may be believed, (and I have never heard it impeached,)
+    his course of life has been conformable to his doctrine. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-587">[587]</a> 'April 7, 1765. I purpose to rise at eight, because, though I
+    shall not yet rise early, it will be much earlier than I now rise, for I
+    often lie till two.' <i>Pr. and Med.</i> p. 62. 'Sept. 18, 1771. My nocturnal
+    complaints grow less troublesome towards morning; and I am tempted to
+    repair the deficiencies of the night. I think, however, to try to rise
+    every day by eight, and to combat indolence as I shall obtain strength.'
+    <i>Ib.</i> p. 105. 'April 14, 1775. As my life has from my earliest years
+    been wasted in a morning bed, my purpose is from Easter day to rise
+    early, not later than eight.' <i>Ib.</i> p. 139.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-588">[588]</a> See <i>post</i>, Oct. 25.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-589">[589]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. under Dec. 2, 1784.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-590">[590]</a> Miss Mulso (Mrs. Chapone) wrote in 1753:&mdash;'I had the assurance to
+    dispute with Mr. Johnson on the subject of human malignity, and wondered
+    to hear a man, who by his actions shews so much benevolence, maintain
+    that the human heart is naturally malevolent, and that all the
+    benevolence we see in the few who are good is acquired by reason and
+    religion.' <i> Life of Mrs. Chapone</i>, p.73. See <i>post</i>, p. 214.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-591">[591]</a> This act was passed in 1746.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-592">[592]</a> <i>Isaiah</i>, ii. 4.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-593">[593]</a> Sir Walter Scott, after mentioning Lord Orford's (Horace Walpole)
+    <i>History of His Own Time</i>, continues:&mdash;'The Memoirs of our Scots Sir
+    George Mackenzie are of the same class&mdash;both immersed in little
+    political detail, and the struggling skirmish of party, seem to have
+    lost sight of the great progressive movements of human affairs.'
+    Lockhart's <i>Scott</i> vii. 12.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-594">[594]</a> 'Illum jura potius ponere quam de jure respondere dixisses; eique
+    appropinquabant clientes tanquam judici potius quam advocato.'
+    Mackenzie's <i>Works</i>, ed. 1716, vol. i. part 2, p. 7.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-595">[595]</a> 'Opposuit ei providentia Nisbetum: qui summâ doctrinâ
+    consummatâque eloquentiâ causas agebat, ut justitiae scalae in
+    aequilibrio essent; nimiâ tamen arte semper utens artem suam suspectam
+    reddebat. Quoties ergo conflixerunt, penes Gilmorum gloria, penes
+    Nisbetum palma fuit; quoniam in hoc plus artis et cultus, in illo
+    naturae et virium.' <i>Ib.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-596">[596]</a> He often indulged himself in every species of pleasantry and wit. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-597">[597]</a> But like the hawk, having soared with a lofty flight to a height
+    which the eye could not reach, he was wont to swoop upon his quarry with
+    wonderful rapidity. BOSWELL. These two quotations are part of the same
+    paragraph, and are not even separated by a word. <i>Ib.</i> p. 6.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-598">[598]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 453; iii. 323; iv. 276; and v. 32.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-599">[599]</a> Some years later he said that 'when Burke lets himself down to
+    jocularity he is in the kennel.' <i>Ante</i>, iv. 276.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-600">[600]</a> Cicero and Demosthenes, no doubt, were brought in by the passage
+    about Nicholson. Mackenzie continues:&mdash;'Hic primus nos a Syllogismorum
+    servitute manumisit et Aristotelem Demostheni potius quam Ciceroni forum
+    concedere coegit.' P. 6.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-601">[601]</a> See <i>ante</i> ii. 435 and iv. 149, note 3.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-602">[602]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 103.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-603">[603]</a> See <i>ante</i> ii 436
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-604">[604]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 65.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-605">[605]</a> On Sept. 13, 1777, Johnson wrote:&mdash;'Boswell shrinks from the
+    Baltick expedition, which, I think, is the best scheme in our power.'
+    <i>Ante</i>, iii. 134, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-606">[606]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 59, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-607">[607]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 368.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-608">[608]</a> 'Every man wishes to be wise, and they who cannot be wise are
+    almost always cunning ... nor is caution ever so necessary as with
+    associates or opponents of feeble minds.' <i>The Idler</i>, No. 92. In a
+    letter to Dr. Taylor Johnson says:&mdash;'To help the ignorant commonly
+    requires much patience, for the ignorant are always trying to be
+    cunning.' <i>Notes and Queries</i>, 6th S. v. 462. Churchill, in <i>The
+    Journey</i> (<i>Poems</i>, ed. 1766, ii. 327), says:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     ''Gainst fools be guarded; 'tis a certain rule,
+      Wits are safe things, there's danger in a fool.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-609">[609]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 173.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-610">[610]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'For thee we dim the eyes, and stuff the head
+      With all such reading as was never read;
+      For thee explain a thing till all men doubt it,
+      And  write   about  it,  goddess, and about it.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>The Dunciad</i>, iv. 249.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-611">[611]</a> Genius is chiefly exerted in historical pictures; and the art of
+    the painter of portraits is often lost in the obscurity of his subject.
+    But it is in painting as in life; what is greatest is not always best. I
+    should grieve to see Reynolds transfer to heroes and to goddesses, to
+    empty splendour and to airy fiction, that art which is now employed in
+    diffusing friendship, in reviving tenderness, in quickening the
+    affections of the absent, and continuing the presence of the dead.' <i>The
+    Idler</i>, No. 45. 'Southey wrote thirty years later:&mdash;'I find daily more
+    and more reason to wonder at the miserable ignorance of English
+    historians, and to grieve with a sort of despondency at seeing how much
+    that has been laid up among the stores of knowledge has been neglected
+    and utterly forgotten.' Southey's <i>Life</i>, ii. 264. On another occasion
+    he said of Robertson:&mdash;'To write his introduction to <i>Charles V</i>,
+    without reading these <i>Laws</i> [the <i>Laws</i> of Alonso the Wise], is one of
+    the thousand and one omissions for which he ought to be called rogue, as
+    long as his volumes last. <i>Ib</i>. p. 318
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-612">[612]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'That eagle's fate and mine are one,
+      Which on the shaft that made him die,
+      Espy'd a feather of his own,
+      Wherewith he wont to soar so high.'
+      <i>Epistle to a Lady.</i>
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Anderson's <i>Poets</i>, v. 480.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-613">[613]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 271.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-614">[614]</a> 'In England there may be reason for raising the rents (in a
+    certain degree) where the value of lands is increased by accession of
+    commerce, ...but here (contrary to all policy) the great men begin at
+    the wrong end, with squeezing the bag, before they have helped the poor
+    tenant to fill it; by the introduction of manufactures.' Pennant's
+    <i>Scotland</i>, ed. 1772, p. 191.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-615">[615]</a> Boswell refers, not to a passage in <i>Pennant</i>, but to Johnson's
+    admission that in his dispute with Monboddo, 'he might have taken the
+    side of the savage, had anybody else taken the side of the shopkeeper.'
+    <i>Ante</i>, p. 83.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-616">[616]</a> 'Boswell, with some of his troublesome kindness, has informed this
+    family and reminded me that the 18th of September is my birthday. The
+    return of my birthday, if I remember it, fills me with thoughts which it
+    seems to be the general care of humanity to escape.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>,
+    i. 134. See <i>ante</i>, iii. 157.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-617">[617]</a> 'At Dunvegan I had tasted lotus, and was in danger of forgetting
+    that I was ever to depart, till Mr. Boswell sagely reproached me with my
+    sluggishness and softness.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 67.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-618">[618]</a> Johnson wrote of the ministers:&mdash;'I saw not one in the islands
+    whom I had reason to think either deficient in learning, or irregular in
+    life; but found several with whom I could not converse without wishing,
+    as my respect increased, that they had not been Presbyterians.' <i>Ib</i>.
+    p. 102.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-619">[619]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 142.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-620">[620]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 28.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-621">[621]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'So horses they affirm to be
+      Mere engines made by geometry,
+      And were invented first from engines,
+      As Indian Britons were from penguins.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>Hudibras</i>, part i. canto 2, line 57. Z. Gray, in a note on these lines,
+    quotes Selden's note on Drayton's <i>Polyolbion</i>:&mdash;'About the year 1570,
+    Madoc, brother to David Ap Owen, Prince of Wales, made a sea-voyage to
+    Florida; and by probability those names of Capo de Breton in Norimberg,
+    and Penguin in part of the Northern America, for a white rock and a
+    white-headed bird, according to the British, were relicts of this
+    discovery.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-622">[622]</a> Published in Edinburgh in 1763.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-623">[623]</a> See ante, ii. 76. 'Johnson used to say that in all family disputes
+    the odds were in favour of the husband from his superior knowledge of
+    life and manners.' Johnson's Works (1787), xi. 210.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-624">[624]</a> He wrote to Dr. Taylor:&mdash;' Nature has given women so much power
+    that the law has very wisely given them little.' <i>Notes and Queries</i>,
+    6th S. v. 342.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-625">[625]</a> As I have faithfully recorded so many minute particulars, I hope I
+    shall be pardoned for inserting so flattering an encomium on what is now
+    offered to the publick. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-626">[626]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 109, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-627">[627]</a> 'The islanders of all degrees, whether of rank or understanding,
+    universally admit it, except the ministers, who universally deny it, and
+    are suspected to deny it in consequence of a system, against
+    conviction.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 106.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-628">[628]</a> The true story of this lady, which happened in this century, is as
+    frightfully romantick as if it had been the fiction of a gloomy fancy.
+    She was the wife of one of the Lords of Session in Scotland, a man of
+    the very first blood of his country. For some mysterious reasons, which
+    have never been discovered, she was seized and carried off in the dark,
+    she knew not by whom, and by nightly journeys was conveyed to the
+    Highland shores, from whence she was transported by sea to the remote
+    rock of St. Kilda, where she remained, amongst its few wild inhabitants,
+    a forlorn prisoner, but had a constant supply of provisions, and a woman
+    to wait on her. No inquiry was made after her, till she at last found
+    means to convey a letter to a confidential friend, by the daughter of a
+    Catechist, who concealed it in a clue of yarn. Information being thus
+    obtained at Edinburgh, a ship was sent to bring her off; but
+    intelligence of this being received, she was conveyed to M'Leod's island
+    of Herries, where she died.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In CARSTARE'S STATE PAPERS we find an authentick narrative of Connor
+    [Conn], a catholick priest, who turned protestant, being seized by some
+    of Lord Seaforth's people, and detained prisoner in the island of
+    Herries several years; he was fed with bread and water, and lodged in a
+    house where he was exposed to the rains and cold. Sir James Ogilvy
+    writes (June 18, 1667 <a name="note-1697">[1697]</a>), that the Lord Chancellor, the Lord
+    Advocate, and himself, were to meet next day, to take effectual methods
+    to have this redressed. Connor was then still detained; p. 310.&mdash;This
+    shews what private oppression might in the last century be practised in
+    the Hebrides.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In the same collection [in a letter dated Sept. 15, 1700], the Earl of
+    Argyle gives a picturesque account of an embassy from the <i>great</i> M'Neil
+    <i>of Barra</i>, as that insular Chief used to be denominated:&mdash;'I received a
+    letter yesterday from M'Neil of Barra, who lives very far off, sent by a
+    gentleman in all formality, offering his service, which had made you
+    laugh to see his entry. His style of his letter runs as if he were of
+    another kingdom.'&mdash;Page 643. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Sir Walter Scott says:&mdash;'I have seen Lady Grange's Journal. She had
+    become privy to some of the Jacobite intrigues, in which her husband,
+    Lord Grange (an Erskine, brother of the Earl of Mar, and a Lord of
+    Session), and his family were engaged. Being on indifferent terms with
+    her husband, she is said to have thrown out hints that she knew as much
+    as would cost him his life. The judge probably thought with Mrs.
+    Peachum, that it is rather an awkward state of domestic affairs, when
+    the wife has it in her power to hang the husband. Lady Grange was the
+    more to be dreaded, as she came of a vindictive race, being the
+    grandchild [according to Mr. Chambers, the child] of that Chiesley of
+    Dalry, who assassinated Sir George Lockhart, the Lord President. Many
+    persons of importance in the Highlands were concerned in removing her
+    testimony. The notorious Lovat, with a party of his men, were the direct
+    agents in carrying her off; and St. Kilda, belonging then to Macleod,
+    was selected as the place of confinement. The name by which she was
+    spoken or written of was <i>Corpach</i>, an ominous distinction,
+    corresponding to what is called <i>subject</i> in the lecture-room of an
+    anatomist, or <i>shot</i> in the slang of the Westport murderers' [Burke and
+    Hare]. Sir Walter adds that 'it was said of M'Neil of Barra, that when
+    he dined, his bagpipes blew a particular strain, intimating that all the
+    world might go to dinner.' Croker's <i>Boswell</i>, p. 341.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-629">[629]</a> I doubt the justice of my fellow-traveller's remark concerning the
+    French literati, many of whom, I am told, have considerable merit in
+    conversation, as well as in their writings. That of Monsieur de Buffon,
+    in particular, I am well assured, is highly instructive and
+    entertaining. BOSWELL. See <i>ante</i>, iii. 253.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-630">[630]</a> Horace Walpole, writing of 1758, says:&mdash;'Prize-fighting, in which
+    we had horribly resembled the most barbarous and most polite nations,
+    was suppressed by the legislature.' <i>Memoirs of the Reign of George II</i>,
+    iii. 99. According to Mrs. Piozzi (<i>Anec.</i> p. 5), Johnson said that his
+    'father's brother, Andrew, kept the ring in Smithfield (where they
+    wrestled and boxed) for a whole year, and never was thrown or conquered.
+    Mr. Johnson was,' she continues, 'very conversant in the art of boxing.'
+    She had heard him descant upon it 'much to the admiration of those who
+    had no expectation of his skill in such matters.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-631">[631]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 179, 226, and iv. 211.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-632">[632]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 98.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-633">[633]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i, 110.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-634">[634]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 398, and ii. 15, 35, 441.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-635">[635]</a> Gibbon, thirteen years later, writing to Lord Sheffield about the
+    commercial treaty with France, said (<i>Misc. Works</i>, ii. 399):&mdash;'I hope
+    both nations are gainers; since otherwise it cannot be lasting; and such
+    double mutual gain is surely possible in fair trade, though it could not
+    easily happen in the mischievous amusements of war and gaming.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-636">[636]</a> Johnson (<i>Works</i>, viii. 139), writing of gratitude and resentment,
+    says:&mdash;'Though there are few who will practise a laborious virtue,
+    there will never be wanting multitudes that will indulge an easy vice.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-637">[637]</a> <i>Aul. Gellius</i>, lib. v. c. xiv. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-638">[638]</a> 'The difficulties in princes' business are many and great; but the
+    greatest difficulty is often in their own mind. For it is common with
+    princes, saith Tacitus, to will contradictories. <i>Sunt plerumque regum
+    voluntates vehementes, et inter se contrariae</i>. For it is the solecism
+    of power to think to command the end, and yet not to endure the mean.'
+    Bacon's <i>Essays</i>, No. xix.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-639">[639]</a> Yet Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale on Sept. 30:&mdash;'I am now no longer
+    pleased with the delay; you can hear from me but seldom, and I cannot at
+    all hear from you. It comes into my mind that some evil may happen.'
+    <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 148. On Oct. 15 he wrote to Mr. Thrale:&mdash;'Having
+    for many weeks had no letter, my longings are very great to be informed
+    how all things are at home, as you and mistress allow me to call it....
+    I beg to have my thoughts set at rest by a letter from you or my
+    mistress.' <i>Ib</i>. p. 166. See <i>ante</i>, iii. 4.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-640">[640]</a> Sir Walter Scott thus describes Dunvegan in 1814:&mdash;'The whole
+    castle occupies a precipitous mass of rock overhanging the lake, divided
+    by two or three islands in that place, which form a snug little harbour
+    under the walls. There is a court-yard looking out upon the sea,
+    protected by a battery, at least a succession of embrasures, for only
+    two guns are pointed, and these unfit for service. The ancient entrance
+    rose up a flight of steps cut in the rock, and passed into this
+    court-yard through a portal, but this is now demolished. You land under
+    the castle, and walking round find yourself in front of it. This was
+    originally inaccessible, for a brook coming down on the one side, a
+    chasm of the rocks on the other, and a ditch in front, made it
+    impervious. But the late Macleod built a bridge over the stream, and the
+    present laird is executing an entrance suitable to the character of this
+    remarkable fortalice, by making a portal between two advanced towers,
+    and an outer court, from which he proposes to throw a draw-bridge over
+    to the high rock in front of the castle.' Lockhart's <i>Scott</i>, ed.
+    1839, iv. 303.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-641">[641]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Bella gerant alii; tu, felix Austria, nube;
+      Quae dat Mars aliis, dat tibi regna Venus.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-642">[642]</a> Johnson says of this castle:&mdash;'It is so nearly entire, that it
+    might have easily been made habitable, were there not an ominous
+    tradition in the family, that the owner shall not long outlive the
+    reparation. The grandfather of the present laird, in defiance of
+    prediction, began the work, but desisted in a little time, and applied
+    his money to worse uses.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 64.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-643">[643]</a> Macaulay (<i>Essays</i>, ed. 1843, i. 365) ends a lively piece of
+    criticism on Mr. Croker by saying:&mdash;'It requires no Bentley or Casaubon
+    to perceive that Philarchus is merely a false spelling for Phylarchus,
+    the chief of a tribe.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-644">[644]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 180.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-645">[645]</a> Sir Walter Scott wrote in 1814:&mdash;'The monument is now nearly
+    ruinous, and the inscription has fallen down.' Lockhart's <i>Scott</i>,
+    iv. 308.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-646">[646]</a> 'Wheel carriages they have none, but make a frame of timber, which
+    is drawn by one horse, with the two points behind pressing on the
+    ground. On this they sometimes drag home their sheaves, but often convey
+    them home in a kind of open pannier, or frame of sticks, upon the
+    horse's back.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 76. 'The young Laird of Col has
+    attempted what no islander perhaps ever thought on. He has begun a road
+    capable of a wheel-carriage. He has carried it about a mile.' <i>Ib</i>.
+    p. 128.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-647">[647]</a> Captain Phipps had sailed in May of this year, and in the
+    neighbourhood of Spitzbergen had reached the latitude of more than 80°.
+    He returned to England in the end of September. <i>Gent. Mag</i>. 1774,
+    p. 420.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-648">[648]</a> <i>Aeneid</i>, vi. II.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-649">[649]</a> 'In the afternoon, an interval of calm sunshine courted us out to
+    see a cave on the shore, famous for its echo. When we went into the
+    boat, one of our companions was asked in Erse by the boatmen, who they
+    were that came with him. He gave us characters, I suppose to our
+    advantage, and was asked, in the spirit of the Highlands, whether I
+    could recite a long series of ancestors. The boatmen said, as I
+    perceived afterwards, that they heard the cry of an English ghost. This,
+    Boswell says, disturbed him.... There was no echo; such is the fidelity
+    of report.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 156.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-650">[650]</a> '<i>Law</i> or <i>low</i> signifies a hill: <i>ex. gr.</i> Wardlaw, guard hill,
+    Houndslow, the dog's hill.' Blackie's <i>Etymological Geography</i>, p. 103.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-651">[651]</a> Pepys often mentions them. At first he praises them highly, but of
+    one of the later ones&mdash;<i>Tryphon</i>&mdash;he writes:&mdash;'The play, though
+    admirable, yet no pleasure almost in it, because just the very same
+    design, and words, and sense, and plot, as every one of his plays have,
+    any one of which would be held admirable, whereas so many of the same
+    design and fancy do but dull one another.' Pepys's <i>Diary</i>, ed. 1851,
+    v. 63.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-652">[652]</a> The second and third earls are passed over by Johnson. It was the
+    fourth earl who, as Charles Boyle, had been Bentley's antagonist. Of
+    this controversy a full account is given in Lord Macaulay's <i>Life of
+    Atterbury</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-653">[653]</a> The fifth earl, John. See <i>ante</i>, i. 185, and iii. 249.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-654">[654]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 9, and iii. 154.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-655">[655]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 129, and iii. 183.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-656">[656]</a> The young lord was married on the 8th of May, 1728, and the
+    father's will is dated the 6th of Nov. following. 'Having,' says the
+    testator, 'never observed that my son hath showed much taste or
+    inclination, either for the entertainment or knowledge which study and
+    learning afford, I give and bequeath all my books and mathematical
+    instruments [with certain exceptions] to Christchurch College, in
+    Oxford.' CROKER.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-657">[657]</a> His <i>Life of Swift</i> is written in the form of <i>Letters to his Son,
+    the Hon. Hamilton Boyle.</i> The fifteenth Letter, in which he finishes his
+    criticism of <i>Gulliver's Travels</i>, affords a good instance of this
+    'studied variety of phrase.' 'I may finish my letter,' he writes,
+    'especially as the conclusion of it naturally turns my thoughts from
+    Yahoos to one of the dearest pledges I have upon earth, yourself, to
+    whom I am a most
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Affectionate Father,
+
+     'ORRERY.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    See <i>ante</i>, i. 275-284, for Johnson's letters to Thomas Warton, many of
+    which end 'in studied varieties of phrase.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-658">[658]</a> <i>The Conquest of Granada</i> was dedicated to the Duke of York. The
+    conclusion is as follows:&mdash;'If at any time Almanzor fulfils the parts of
+    personal valour and of conduct, of a soldier and of a general; or, if I
+    could yet give him a character more advantageous that what he has, of
+    the most unshaken friend, the greatest of subjects, and the best of
+    masters; I should then draw all the world a true resemblance of your
+    worth and virtues; at least as far as they are capable of being copied
+    by the mean abilities of,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Sir,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Your Royal Highness's
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Most humble, and most
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Obedient servant,
+</p>
+<center>
+    'J. DRYDEN.'
+</center>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-659">[659]</a> On the day of his coronation he was asked to pardon four young men
+    who had broken the law against carrying arms. 'So long as I live,' he
+    replied, 'every criminal must die.' 'He was inexorable in individual
+    cases; he adhered to his laws with a rigour that amounted to cruelty,
+    while in the framing of general rules we find him mild, yielding, and
+    placable.' Ranke's <i>Popes</i>, ed. 1866, i. 307, 311.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-660">[660]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 239, where he discusses the question of shooting
+    a highwayman.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-661">[661]</a> In <i>The Rambler</i>, No. 78, he says:&mdash;'I believe men may be
+    generally observed to grow less tender as they advance in age.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-662">[662]</a> He passed over his own <i>Life of Savage</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-663">[663]</a> 'When I was a young fellow, I wanted to write the <i>Life of Dryden'
+    Ante</i>, iii. 71.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-664">[664]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 117.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-665">[665]</a> 'I asked a very learned minister in Sky, who had used all arts to
+    make me believe the genuineness of the book, whether at last he believed
+    it himself; but he would not answer. He wished me to be deceived for the
+    honour of his country; but would not directly and formally deceive me.
+    Yet has this man's testimony been publickly produced, as of one that
+    held <i>Fingal</i> to be the work of Ossian.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 115.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-666">[666]</a> A young lady had sung to him an Erse song. He asked her, 'What is
+    that about? I question if she conceived that I did not understand it.
+    For the entertainment of the company, said she. But, Madam, what is the
+    meaning of it? It is a love song. This was all the intelligence that I
+    could obtain; nor have I been able to procure the translation of a
+    single line of Erse.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 146. See <i>post</i>, Oct. 16
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-667">[667]</a> This droll quotation, I have since found, was from a song in
+    honour of the Earl of Essex, called <i>Queen Elisabeth's Champion</i>, which
+    is preserved in a collection of Old Ballads, in three volumes, published
+    in London in different years, between 1720 and 1730. The full verse is
+    as follows:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Oh! then bespoke the prentices all,
+      Living in London, both proper and tall,
+      In a kind letter sent straight to the Queen,
+      For Essex's sake they would fight all.
+          Raderer too, tandaro te,
+          Raderer, tandorer, tan do re.'
+					BOSWELL.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-668">[668]</a> La Condamine describes a tribe called the Tameos, on the north
+    side of the river Tiger in South America, who have a word for <i>three</i>.
+    He continues:&mdash;'Happily for those who have transactions with them,
+    their arithmetic goes no farther. The Brazilian tongue, a language
+    spoken by people less savage, is equally barren; the people who speak
+    it, where more than three is to be expressed, are obliged to use the
+    Portuguese.' Pinkerton's <i>Voyages</i>, xiv. 225.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-669">[669]</a> 'It was Addison's practice, when he found any man invincibly
+    wrong, to flatter his opinions by acquiescence, and sink him yet deeper
+    in absurdity. This artifice of mischief was admired by Stella; and Swift
+    seems to approve her admiration.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, vii. 450. Swift, in
+    his <i>Character of Mrs. Johnson </i> (Stella), says:&mdash;'Whether this
+    proceeded from her easiness in general, or from her indifference to
+    persons, or from her despair of mending them, or from the same practice
+    which she much liked in Mr. Addison, I cannot determine; but when she
+    saw any of the company very warm in a wrong opinion, she was more
+    inclined to confirm them in it than oppose them. The excuse she commonly
+    gave, when her friends asked the reason, was, "That it prevented noise
+    and saved time." Swift's <i>Works</i>, xiv. 254.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-670">[670]</a> In the Appendix to Blair's <i>Critical Dissertation on the Poems of
+    Ossian</i> Macqueen is mentioned as one of his authorities for his
+    statements.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-671">[671]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 262, note.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-672">[672]</a> I think it but justice to say, that I believe Dr. Johnson meant to
+    ascribe Mr. M'Queen's conduct to inaccuracy and enthusiasm, and did not
+    mean any severe imputation against him. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-673">[673]</a> In Baretti's trial (<i>ante</i>, ii. 97, note I) he seems to have given
+    his evidence clearly. What he had to say, however, was not much.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-674">[674]</a> Boswell had spoken before to Johnson about this omission. <i>Ante</i>,
+    ii. 92.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-675">[675]</a> It has been triumphantly asked, 'Had not the plays of Shakspeare
+    lain dormant for many years before the appearance of Mr. Garrick? Did he
+    not exhibit the most excellent of them frequently for thirty years
+    together, and render them extremely popular by his own inimitable
+    performance?' He undoubtedly did. But Dr. Johnson's assertion has been
+    misunderstood. Knowing as well as the objectors what has been just
+    stated, he must necessarily have meant, that 'Mr. Garrick did not as <i>a
+    critick</i> make Shakspeare better known; he did not <i>illustrate</i> any one
+    <i>passage</i> in any of his plays by acuteness of disquisition, or sagacity
+    of conjecture: and what had been done with any degree of excellence in
+    <i>that</i> way was the proper and immediate subject of his preface. I may
+    add in support of this explanation the following anecdote, related to me
+    by one of the ablest commentators on Shakspeare, who knew much of Dr.
+    Johnson: 'Now I have quitted the theatre, cries Garrick, I will sit down
+    and read Shakspeare.' ''Tis time you should, exclaimed Johnson, for I
+    much doubt if you ever examined one of his plays from the first scene to
+    the last.' BOSWELL. According to Davies (<i>Life of Garrick</i>, i. 120)
+    during the twenty years' management of Drury Lane by Booth, Wilks and
+    Cibber (about 1712-1732) not more than eight or nine of Shakspeare's
+    plays were acted, whereas Garrick annually gave the public seventeen or
+    eighteen. <i>Romeo and Juliet</i> had lain neglected near 80 years, when in
+    1748-9 Garrick brought it out, or rather a hash of it. 'Otway had made
+    some alteration in the catastrophe, which Mr. Garrick greatly improved
+    by the addition of a scene, which was written with a spirit not unworthy
+    of Shakespeare himself.' <i>Ib</i>. p. 125. Murphy (<i>Life of Garrick</i>, p.
+    100), writing of this alteration, says:&mdash;'The catastrophe, as it now
+    stands, is the most affecting in the whole compass of the drama.' Davies
+    says (p. 20) that shortly before Garrick's time 'a taste for Shakespeare
+    had been revived. The ladies had formed themselves into a society under
+    the title of The Shakespeare Club. They bespoke every week some
+    favourite play of his.' This revival was shown in the increasing number
+    of readers of Shakespeare. It was in 1741 that Garrick began to act. In
+    the previous sixteen years there had been published four editions of
+    Pope's <i>Shakespeare</i> and two of Theobald's. In the next ten years were
+    published five editions of Hanmer's <i>Shakespeare</i>, and two of
+    Warburton's, besides Johnson's <i>Observations on Macbeth. </i>Lowndes's
+    <i>Bibl. Man.</i> ed. 1871, p. 2270.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-676">[676]</a> In her foolish <i>Essay on Shakespeare</i>, p. 15. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 88.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-677">[677]</a> No man has less inclination to controversy than I have,
+    particularly with a lady. But as I have claimed, and am conscious of
+    being entitled to credit for the strictest fidelity, my respect for the
+    publick obliges me to take notice of an insinuation which tends to
+    impeach it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mrs. Piozzi (late Mrs. Thrale), to her <i>Anecdotes of Dr. Johnson</i>, added
+    the following postscript:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    '<i>Naples, Feb.</i> 10, 1786.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Since the foregoing went to the press, having seen a passage from Mr.
+    Boswell's <i>Tour to the Hebrides,</i> in which it is said, that <i>I could not
+    get through Mrs. Montague's "Essay on Shakspeare,"</i> I do not delay a
+    moment to declare, that, on the contrary, I have always commended it
+    myself, and heard it commended by every one else; and few things would
+    give me more concern than to be thought incapable of tasting, or
+    unwilling to testify my opinion of its excellence.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    It is remarkable that this postscript is so expressed, as not to point
+    out the person who said that Mrs. Thrale could not get through Mrs.
+    Montague's book; and therefore I think it necessary to remind Mrs.
+    Piozzi, that the assertion concerning her was Dr. Johnson's, and not
+    mine. The second observation that I shall make on this postscript is,
+    that it does not deny the fact asserted, though I must acknowledge from
+    the praise it bestows on Mrs. Montague's book, it may have been designed
+    to convey that meaning.
+</p>
+<p>
+    What Mrs. Thrale's opinion is or was, or what she may or may not have
+    said to Dr. Johnson concerning Mrs. Montague's book, it is not necessary
+    for me to enquire. It is only incumbent on me to ascertain what Dr.
+    Johnson said to me. I shall therefore confine myself to a very short
+    state of the fact. The unfavourable opinion of Mrs. Montague's book,
+    which Dr. Johnson, is here reported to have given, is, known to have
+    been that which he uniformly expressed, as many of his friends well
+    remember. So much, for the authenticity of the paragraph, as far as it
+    relates to his own sentiments. The words containing the assertion, to
+    which Mrs. Piozzi objects, are printed from my manuscript Journal, and
+    were taken down at the time. The Journal was read by Dr. Johnson, who
+    pointed out some inaccuracies, which I corrected, but did not mention
+    any inaccuracy in the paragraph in question: and what is still more
+    material, and very flattering to me, a considerable part of my Journal,
+    containing this paragraph, <i>was read several years ago by, Mrs. Thrale
+    herself </i>[see <i>ante</i>, ii. 383], who had it for some time in her
+    possession, and returned it to me, without intimating that Dr. Johnson
+    had mistaken her sentiments.
+</p>
+<p>
+    When the first edition of my Journal was passing through the press, it
+    occurred to me that a peculiar delicacy was necessary to be observed in
+    reporting the opinion of one literary lady concerning the performance of
+    another; and I had such scruples on that head, that in the proof sheet I
+    struck out the name of Mrs. Thrale from the above paragraph, and two or
+    three hundred copies of my book were actually printed and published
+    without it; of these Sir Joshua Reynolds's copy happened to be one. But
+    while the sheet was working off, a friend, for whose opinion I have
+    great respect, suggested that I had no right to deprive Mrs. Thrale of
+    the high honour which Dr. Johnson had done her, by stating her opinion
+    along with that of Mr. Beauclerk, as coinciding with, and, as it were,
+    sanctioning his own. The observation appeared to me so weighty and
+    conclusive, that I hastened to the printing-house, and, as a piece of
+    justice, restored Mrs. Thrale to that place from which a too scrupulous
+    delicacy had excluded her. On this simple state of facts I shall make no
+    observation whatever. BOSWELL. This note was first published in the form
+    of a letter to the Editor of <i>The Gazetteer</i> on April 17, 1786.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-678">[678]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 215, for his knowledge of coining and brewing, and
+    <i>post</i>, p. 263, for his knowledge of threshing and thatching. Now and
+    then, no doubt, 'he talked ostentatiously,' as he had at Fort George
+    about Gunpowder (<i>ante</i>, p. 124). In the <i>Gent. Mag.</i> for 1749, p. 55,
+    there is a paper on the <i>Construction of Fireworks</i>, which I have little
+    doubt is his. The following passage is certainly Johnsonian:&mdash;'The
+    excellency of a rocket consists in the largeness of the train of fire it
+    emits, the solemnity of its motion (which should be rather slow at
+    first, but augmenting as it rises), the straightness of its flight, and
+    the height to which it ascends.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-679">[679]</a> Perhaps Johnson refers to Stephen Hales's <i>Statical Essays</i>
+    (London, 1733), in which is an account of experiments made on the blood
+    and blood-vessels of animals.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-680">[680]</a> Evidence was given at the Tichborne Trial to shew that it takes
+    some years to learn the trade.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-681">[681]</a> Not the very tavern, which was burned down in the great fire. P. CUNNINGHAM.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-682">[682]</a> I do not see why I might not have been of this club without
+    lessening my character. But Dr. Johnson's caution against supposing
+    one's self concealed in London, may be very useful to prevent some
+    people from doing many things, not only foolish, but criminal. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-683">[683]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 318.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-684">[684]</a> Johnson defines <i>airy</i> as <i>gay, sprightly, full of mirth</i>, &amp;c.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-685">[685]</a> 'A man would be drowned by claret before it made him drunk.'
+    <i>Ante</i>, iii. 381.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-686">[686]</a> <i>Ante</i>, p. 137.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-687">[687]</a> See <i>ante</i> ii. 261.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-688">[688]</a> Lord Chesterfield wrote in 1747 (<i>Misc. Works</i>, iv. 231):&mdash;
+    Drinking is a most beastly vice in every country, but it is really a
+    ruinous one to Ireland; nine gentlemen in ten in Ireland are
+    impoverished by the great quantity of claret, which from mistaken
+    notions of hospitality and dignity, they think it necessary should be
+    drunk in their houses. This expense leaves them no room to improve their
+    estates by proper indulgence upon proper conditions to their tenants,
+    who must pay them to the full, and upon the very day, that they may pay
+    their wine-merchants.' In 1754 he wrote (<i>ib.</i>p.359):&mdash;If it would but
+    please God by his lightning to blast all the vines in the world, and by
+    his thunder to turn all the wines now in Ireland sour, as I most
+    sincerely wish he would, Ireland would enjoy a degree of quiet and
+    plenty that it has never yet known.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-689">[689]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 95.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-690">[690]</a> 'The sea being broken by the multitude of islands does not roar
+    with so much noise, nor beat the storm with such foamy violence as I
+    have remarked on the coast of Sussex. Though, while I was in the
+    Hebrides, the wind was extremely turbulent, I never saw very high
+    billows.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 65.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-691">[691]</a> Johnson this day thus wrote of Mr. M'Queen to Mrs. Thrale:&mdash;'You
+    find that all the islanders even in these recesses of life are not
+    barbarous. One of the ministers who has adhered to us almost all the
+    time is an excellent scholar.' <i>Piozzi Letters,</i> i. 157.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-692">[692]</a> See <i>post</i>, Nov. 6.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-693">[693]</a> This was a dexterous mode of description, for the purpose of his
+    argument; for what he alluded to was, a Sermon published by the learned
+    Dr. William Wishart, formerly principal of the college at Edinburgh, to
+    warn men <i>against</i> confiding in a death-bed <i>repentance</i> of the
+    inefficacy of which he entertained notions very different from those of
+    Dr. Johnson. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-694">[694]</a> The Rev. Dr. A. Carlyle (<i>Auto</i>. p. 441) thus writes of the
+    English clergy whom he met at Harrogate in 1763:&mdash;'I had never seen so
+    many of them together before, and between this and the following year I
+    was able to form a true judgment of them. They are, in general&mdash;I mean
+    the lower order&mdash;divided into bucks and prigs; of which the first,
+    though inconceivably ignorant, and sometimes indecent in their morals,
+    yet I held them to be most tolerable, because they were unassuming, and
+    had no other affectation but that of behaving themselves like gentlemen.
+    The other division of them, the prigs, are truly not to be endured, for
+    they are but half learned, are ignorant of the world, narrow-minded,
+    pedantic, and overbearing. And now and then you meet with a <i>rara avis</i>
+    who is accomplished and agreeable, a man of the world without
+    licentiousness, of learning without pedantry, and pious without
+    sanctimony; but this <i>is</i> a <i>rara avis</i>'.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-695">[695]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 446, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-696">[696]</a> Johnson defines <i>manage</i> in this sense <i>to train a horse to
+    graceful action</i>, and quotes Young:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'They vault from hunters to the managed steed.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-697">[697]</a> Of Sir William Forbes of a later generation, Lockhart (<i>Life of
+    Scott</i>, ix. 179) writes as follows:&mdash;'Sir William Forbes, whose
+    banking-house was one of Messrs. Ballantyne's chief creditors, crowned
+    his generous efforts for Scott's relief by privately paying the whole of
+    Abud's demand (nearly £2000) out of his own pocket.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-698">[698]</a> This scarcity of cash still exists on the islands, in several of
+    which five shilling notes are necessarily issued to have some
+    circulating medium. If you insist on having change, you must purchase
+    something at a shop. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-699">[699]</a> 'The payment of rent in kind has been so long disused in England
+    that it is totally forgotten. It was practised very lately in the
+    Hebrides, and probably still continues, not only in St. Kilda, where
+    money is not yet known, but in others of the smaller and remoter
+    islands.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 110.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-700">[700]</a> 'A place where the imagination is more amused cannot easily be
+    found. The mountains about it are of great height, with waterfalls
+    succeeding one another so fast, that as one ceases to be heard another
+    begins.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 157.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-701">[701]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 159.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-702">[702]</a> Johnson seems to be speaking of Hailes's <i>Memorials and Letters
+    relating to the History of Britain in the reign of James I and of
+    Charles I</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-703">[703]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 341.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-704">[704]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 91.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-705">[705]</a> 'In all ages of the world priests have been enemies to liberty,
+    and it is certain that this steady conduct of theirs must have been
+    founded on fixed reasons of interest and ambition. Liberty of thinking
+    and of expressing our thoughts is always fatal to priestly power, and to
+    those pious frauds on which it is commonly founded.... Hence it must
+    happen in such a government as that of Britain, that the established
+    clergy, while things are in their natural situation, will always be of
+    the <i>Court</i>-party; as, on the contrary, dissenters of all kinds will be
+    of the <i>Country</i>-party.' Hume's <i>Essays</i>, Part 1, No. viii.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-706">[706]</a> In the original <i>Every island's but a prison.</i> The song is by a
+    Mr. Coffey, and is given in Ritson's <i>English Songs</i> (1813), ii. 122.
+    It begins:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Welcome, welcome, brother debtor,
+         To this poor but merry place,
+      Where no bailiff, dun, nor setter,
+         Dares to show his frightful face.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    See <i>ante</i>, iii. 269.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-707">[707]</a> He wrote to Mrs. Thrale the day before (perhaps it was this day,
+    and the copyist blundered):&mdash;' I am still in Sky. Do you remember
+    the song&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    We have at one time no boat, and at another may have too much wind; but
+    of our reception here we have no reason to complain.' <i>Piozzi
+    Letters</i>, i. 143.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-708">[708]</a> My ingenuously relating this occasional instance of intemperance
+    has I find been made the subject both of serious criticism and ludicrous
+    banter. With the banterers I shall not trouble myself, but I wonder that
+    those who pretend to the appellation of serious criticks should not have
+    had sagacity enough to perceive that here, as in every other part of the
+    present work, my principal object was to delineate Dr. Johnson's manners
+    and character. In justice to him I would not omit an anecdote, which,
+    though in some degree to my own disadvantage, exhibits in so strong a
+    light the indulgence and good humour with which he could treat those
+    excesses in his friends, of which he highly disapproved.
+</p>
+<p>
+    In some other instances, the criticks have been equally wrong as to the
+    true motive of my recording particulars, the objections to which I saw
+    as clearly as they. But it would be an endless task for an authour to
+    point out upon every occasion the precise object he has in view,
+    Contenting himself with the approbation of readers of discernment and
+    taste, he ought not to complain that some are found who cannot or will
+    not understand him. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-709">[709]</a> In the original, 'wherein is excess.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-710">[710]</a> See Chappell's <i>Popular Music of the Olden Time</i>, i. 231.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-711">[711]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 383.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-712">[712]</a> see <i>ante</i>, p. 184.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-713">[713]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 120, where he took upon his knee a young woman who
+    came to consult him on the subject of Methodism.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-714">[714]</a> See <i>ante</i>, pp. 215, 246.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-715">[715]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 176.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-716">[716]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'If ev'ry wheel of that unwearied mill
+      That turned ten thousand verses now stands still.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>Imitations of Horace, 2 Epis.</i> ii. 78.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-717">[717]</a> <i>Ante</i>, p. 206.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-718">[718]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Nescio qua natale solum dulcedine captos
+      Ducit.'&mdash;Ovid, <i>Ex Pont</i>. i. 3. 35.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-719">[719]</a> Lift up your hearts.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-720">[720]</a> Mr. Croker prints the following letter written to Macleod the day
+    before:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Ostig, 28th Sept. 1773.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    'DEAR SIR,&mdash;We are now on the margin of the sea, waiting for a boat and
+    a wind. Boswell grows impatient; but the kind treatment which I find
+    wherever I go, makes me leave, with some heaviness of heart, an island
+    which I am not very likely to see again. Having now gone as far as
+    horses can carry us, we thankfully return them. My steed will, I hope,
+    be received with kindness;&mdash;he has borne me, heavy as I am, over ground
+    both rough and steep, with great fidelity; and for the use of him, as
+    for your other favours, I hope you will believe me thankful, and
+    willing, at whatever distance we may be placed, to shew my sense of your
+    kindness, by any offices of friendship that may fall within my power.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Lady Macleod and the young ladies have, by their hospitality and
+    politeness, made an impression on my mind, which will not easily be
+    effaced. Be pleased to tell them, that I remember them with great
+    tenderness, and great respect.&mdash;I am, Sir, your most obliged and most
+    humble servant,
+</p>
+<center>
+    'SAM. JOHNSON.'
+</center>
+<p>
+    'P.S.&mdash;We passed two days at Talisker very happily, both by the
+    pleasantness of the place and elegance of our reception.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-721">[721]</a> Johnson (<i>Works</i>, viii. 409), after describing how Shenstone laid
+    out the Leasowes, continues:&mdash;'Whether to plant a walk in undulating
+    curves, and to place a bench at every turn where there is an object to
+    catch the view; to make water run where it will be heard, and to
+    stagnate where it will be seen; to leave intervals where the eye will be
+    pleased, and to thicken the plantation where there is something to be
+    hidden, demands any great powers of mind, I will not inquire: perhaps a
+    surly and sullen speculator may think such performances rather the sport
+    than the business of human reason.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-722">[722]</a> Johnson quotes this and the two preceding stanzas as 'a passage,
+    to which if any mind denies its sympathy, it has no acquaintance with
+    love or nature.' <i>Ib</i>. p. 413.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-723">[723]</a> 'His mind was not very comprehensive, nor his curiosity active; he
+    had no value for those parts of knowledge which he had not himself
+    cultivated.' <i>Ib.</i> p. 411.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-724">[724]</a> In the preface to vol. iii. of Shenstone's <i>Works</i>, ed. 1773, a
+    quotation is given (p. vi) from one of the poet's letters in which he
+    complains of this burning. He writes:&mdash;'I look upon my Letters as some of
+    my <i>chef-d'auvres</i>.' On p. 301, after mentioning <i>Rasselas</i>, he
+    continues:&mdash;'Did I tell you I had a letter from Johnson, inclosing
+    Vernon's <i>Parish-clerk</i>?'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-725">[725]</a> 'The truth is these elegies have neither passion, nature, nor
+    manners. Where there is fiction, there is no passion: he that describes
+    himself as a shepherd, and his Neaera or Delia as a shepherdess, and
+    talks of goats and lambs, feels no passion. He that courts his mistress
+    with Roman imagery deserves to lose her; for she may with good reason
+    suspect his sincerity.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, viii. 91. See <i>ante</i>, iv. 17.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-726">[726]</a> His lines on Pulteney, Earl of Bath, still deserve some fame:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Leave a blank here and there in each page
+      To enrol the fair deeds of his youth!
+      When you mention the acts of his age,
+      Leave a blank for his honour and truth.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    From <i>The Statesman</i>, H. C. Williams's <i>Odes</i>, p. 47.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-727">[727]</a> Hamlet, act ii. sc. 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-728">[728]</a> He did not mention the name of any particular person; but those
+    who are conversant with the political world will probably recollect more
+    persons than one to whom this observation may be applied. BOSWELL. Mr.
+    Croker thinks that Lord North was meant. For his ministry Johnson
+    certainly came to have a great contempt (<i>ante</i>, iv. 139). If Johnson
+    was thinking of him, he differed widely in opinion from Gibbon, who
+    describes North as 'a consummate master of debate, who could wield with
+    equal dexterity the arms of reason and of ridicule.' Gibbon's <i>Misc.
+    Works</i>, i. 221. On May 2, 1775, he wrote:&mdash;' If they turned out Lord
+    North to-morrow, they would still leave him one of the best companions
+    in the kingdom.' <i>Ib.</i> ii. 135.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-729">[729]</a> Horace Walpole is speaking of this work, when he wrote on May 16,
+    1759 (<i>Letters</i>, iii. 227):&mdash;'Dr. Young has published a new book, on
+    purpose, he says himself, to have an opportunity of telling a story that
+    he has known these forty years. Mr. Addison sent for the young Lord
+    Warwick, as he was dying, to shew him in what peace a Christian could
+    die&mdash;unluckily he died of brandy&mdash;nothing makes a Christian die in
+    peace like being maudlin! but don't say this in Gath, where you are.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-730">[730]</a> 'His [Young's] plan seems to have started in his mind at the
+    present moment; and his thoughts appear the effect of chance, sometimes
+    adverse, and sometimes lucky, with very little operation of judgment....
+    His verses are formed by no certain model; he is no more like himself in
+    his different productions than he is like others. He seems never to have
+    studied prosody, nor to have had any direction but from his own ear. But
+    with all his defects, he was a man of genius and a poet.' Johnson's
+    <i>Works</i>, viii. 458, 462. Mrs. Piozzi (<i>Synonymy</i>, ii. 371) tells why
+    'Dr. Johnson despised Young's quantity of common knowledge as
+    comparatively small. 'Twas only because, speaking once upon the subject
+    of metrical composition, he seemed totally ignorant of what are called
+    rhopalick verses, from the Greek word, a club&mdash;verses in which each word
+    must be a syllable longer than that which goes before, such as:
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Spes deus aeternae stationis conciliator.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-731">[731]</a> He had said this before. <i>Ante</i>, ii. 96.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-732">[732]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Brunetta's wise in actions great and rare,
+      But scorns on trifles to bestow her care.
+      Thus ev'ry hour Brunetta is to blame,
+      Because th' occasion is beneath her aim.
+      Think nought a trifle, though it small appear;
+      Small sands the mountains, moments make the year,
+      And trifles life. Your care to trifles give,
+      Or you may die before you truly live.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>Love of Fame</i>, Satire vi. Johnson often taught that life is made up of
+    trifles. See <i>ante</i>, i. 433.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-733">[733]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     "But hold," she cries, "lampooner, have a care;
+      Must I want common sense, because I'm fair?"
+      O no: see Stella; her eyes shine as bright,
+      As if her tongue was never in the right;
+      And yet what real learning, judgment, fire!
+      She seems inspir'd, and can herself inspire:
+      How then (if malice rul'd not all the fair)
+      Could Daphne publish, and could she forbear?
+      We grant that beauty is no bar to sense,
+      Nor is't a sanction for impertinence.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>Love of Fame</i>, Satire v.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-734">[734]</a> Johnson called on Young's son at Welwyn in June, 1781. <i>Ante</i>, iv.
+    119. Croft, in his <i>Life of Young</i> (Johnson's <i>Works</i>, viii. 453), says
+    that 'Young and his housekeeper were ridiculed with more ill-nature than
+    wit in a kind of novel published by Kidgell in 1755, called <i>The Card</i>,
+    under the name of Dr. Elwes and Mrs. Fusby.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-735">[735]</a> <i>Memoirs of Philip Doddridge</i>, ed. 1766, p. 171.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-736">[736]</a> So late as 1783 he said 'this Hanoverian family is isolée here.'
+    <i>Ante</i>, iv. 165.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-737">[737]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 81, where he hoped that 'this gloom of infidelity
+    was only a transient cloud.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-738">[738]</a> Boswell has recorded this saying, <i>ante</i>, iv. 194.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-739">[739]</a> In 1755 an English version of this work had been published. <i>Gent.
+    Mag</i>. 1755, p. 574. In the Chronological Catalogue on p. 343 in vol. 66
+    of Voltaire's <i>Works</i>, ed. 1819, it is entered as <i>'Histoire de la
+    Guerre de</i> 1741, fondue en partie dans le <i>Précis du siècle de
+    Louis XV</i>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-740">[740]</a> Boswell is here merely repeating Johnson's words, who on April 11
+    of this year, advising him to keep a journal, had said, 'The great thing
+    to be recorded is the state of your own mind.' <i>Ante</i>, ii. 217.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-741">[741]</a> This word is not in his <i>Dictionary</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-742">[742]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 498.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-743">[743]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 61, 335; iii. 375, and <i>post</i>, under Nov. 11.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-744">[744]</a> Beattie had attacked Hume in his <i>Essay on Truth</i> (<i>ante</i>, ii. 201
+    and v. 29). Reynolds this autumn had painted Beattie in his gown of an
+    Oxford Doctor of Civil Law, with his <i>Essay</i> under his arm. 'The angel
+    of Truth is going before him, and beating down the Vices, Envy,
+    Falsehood, &amp;c., which are represented by a group of figures falling at
+    his approach, and the principal head in this group is made an exact
+    likeness of Voltaire. When Dr. Goldsmith saw this picture, he was very
+    indignant at it, and said:&mdash;"It very ill becomes a man of your eminence
+    and character, Sir Joshua, to condescend to be a mean flatterer, or to
+    wish to degrade so high a genius as Voltaire before so mean a writer as
+    Dr. Beattie; for Dr. Beattie and his book together will, in the space of
+    ten years, not be known ever to have been in existence, but your
+    allegorical picture and the fame of Voltaire will live for ever to your
+    disgrace as a flatterer."' Northcote's <i>Reynolds</i>, i. 300. Another of
+    the figures was commonly said to be a portrait of Hume; but Forbes
+    (<i>Life of Beattie</i>, ed. 1824, p. 158) says he had reason to believe that
+    Sir Joshua had no thought either of Hume or Voltaire. Beattie's <i>Essay</i>
+    is so much a thing of the past that Dr. J. H. Burton does not, I
+    believe, take the trouble ever to mention it in his <i>Life of Hume</i>.
+    Burns did not hold with Goldsmith, for he took Beattie's side:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Hence sweet harmonious Beattie sung
+               His <i>Minstrel</i> lays;
+      Or tore, with noble ardour stung,
+               The <i>Sceptic's</i> bays.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    (<i>The Vision</i>, part ii.)
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-745">[745]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 441.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-746">[746]</a> William Tytler published in 1759 an <i>Examination of the Histories
+    of Dr. Robertson and Mr. Hume with respect to Mary Queen of Scots</i>. It
+    was reviewed by Johnson. <i>Ante</i>, i. 354.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-747">[747]</a> Johnson's <i>Rasselas</i> was published in either March or April, and
+    Goldsmith's <i>Polite Learning</i> in April of 1759.I do not find that they
+    published any other works at the same time. If these are the works
+    meant, we have a proof that the two writers knew each other earlier than
+    was otherwise known.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-748">[748]</a> 'A learned prelate accidentally met Bentley in the days of
+    <i>Phalaris</i>; and after having complimented him on that noble piece of
+    criticism (the <i>Answer</i> to the Oxford Writers) he bad him not be
+    discouraged at this run upon him, for tho' they had got the laughers on
+    their side, yet mere wit and raillery could not long hold out against a
+    work of so much merit. To which the other replied, "Indeed Dr. S.
+    [Sprat], I am in no pain about the matter. For I hold it as certain,
+    that no man was ever written out of reputation but by himself."'
+    <i>Warburton on Pope</i>, iv. 159, quoted in Person's <i>Tracts</i>, p. 345.
+    'Against personal abuse,' says Hawkins (<i>Life</i>, p. 348), 'Johnson was
+    ever armed by a reflection that I have heard him utter:&mdash;"Alas!
+    reputation would be of little worth, were it in the power of every
+    concealed enemy to deprive us of it."' He wrote to Baretti:&mdash;'A man of
+    genius has been seldom ruined but by himself.' <i>Ante</i>, i. 381. Voltaire
+    in his <i>Essay Sur les inconvéniens attachés à la Littérature</i> (<i>Works</i>,
+    ed. 1819, xliii. 173), after describing all that an author does to win
+    the favour of the critics, continues:&mdash;'Tous vos soins n'empêchent pas
+    que quelque journaliste ne vous déchire. Vous lui répondez; il réplique;
+    vous avez un procès par écrit devant le public, qui condamne les deux
+    parties au ridicule.' See <i>ante</i>, ii. 61, note 4.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-749">[749]</a> However advantageous attacks may be, the feelings with which they
+    are regarded by authors are better described by Fielding when he
+    says:&mdash;'Nor shall we conclude the injury done this way to be very
+    slight, when we consider a book as the author's offspring, and indeed as
+    the child of his brain. The reader who hath suffered his muse to
+    continue hitherto in a virgin state can have but a very inadequate idea
+    of this kind of paternal fondness. To such we may parody the tender
+    exclamation of Macduff, "Alas! thou hast written no book."' <i>Tom Jones</i>,
+    bk. xi. ch. 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-750">[750]</a> It is strange that Johnson should not have known that the
+    <i>Adventures of a Guinea</i> was written by a namesake of his own, Charles
+    Johnson. Being disqualified for the bar, which was his profession, by a
+    supervening deafness, he went to India, and made some fortune, and died
+    there about 1800. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-751">[751]</a> Salusbury, not Salisbury.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-752">[752]</a> Horace Walpole (<i>Letters</i>, .ii 57) mentions in 1746 his cousin Sir
+    John Philipps, of Picton Castle; 'a noted Jacobite.'... He thus mentions
+    Lady Philipps in 1788 when she was 'very aged.' 'They have a favourite
+    black, who has lived with them a great many years, and is remarkably
+    sensible. To amuse Lady Philipps under a long illness, they had read to
+    her the account of the Pelew Islands. Somebody happened to say we were
+    sending a ship thither; the black, who was in the room, exclaimed, "Then
+    there is an end of their happiness." What a satire on Europe!' <i>Ib</i>.
+    ix. 157.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Lady Philips was known to Johnson through Miss Williams, to whom, as a
+    note in Croker's <i>Boswell</i> (p. 74) shews, she made a small yearly
+    allowance.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-753">[753]</a> 'To teach the minuter decencies and inferiour duties, to regulate
+    the practice of daily conversation, to correct those depravities which
+    are rather ridiculous than criminal, and remove those grievances which,
+    if they produce no lasting calamities, impress hourly vexation, was
+    first attempted by Casa in his book of <i>Manners</i>, and Castiglione in his
+    <i>Courtier</i>; two books yet celebrated in Italy for purity and elegance.'
+    Johnson's <i>Works</i>, vii. 428. <i>The Courtier</i> was translated into English
+    so early as 1561. Lowndes's <i>Bibl. Man</i>. ed. 1871, p. 386.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-754">[754]</a> Burnet (<i>History of His Own Time</i>, ii. 296) mentions Whitby among
+    the persons who both managed and directed the controversial war' against
+    Popery towards the end of Charles II's reign. 'Popery,' he says, 'was
+    never so well understood by the nation as it came to be upon this
+    occasion.' Whitby's Commentary <i>on the New Testament</i> was published
+    in 1703-9.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-755">[755]</a> By Henry Mackenzie, the author of <i>The Man of Feeling. Ante</i>, i.
+    360. It had been published anonymously this spring. The play of the same
+    name is by Macklin. It was brought out in 1781.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-756">[756]</a> No doubt Sir A. Macdonald. <i>Ante</i>, p. 148. This 'penurious
+    gentleman' is mentioned again, p. 315.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-757">[757]</a> Molière's play of <i>L'Avare</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-758">[758]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     '...facit indignatio versum.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Juvenal, <i>Sat</i>. i. 79.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-759">[759]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 252.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-760">[760]</a> He was sixty-four.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-761">[761]</a> Still, perhaps, in the <i>Western Isles</i>, 'It may be we shall touch
+    the Happy Isles.' Tennyson's <i>Ulysses.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-762">[762]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii, 51.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-763">[763]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 150.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-764">[764]</a> Sir Alexander Macdonald.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-765">[765]</a> 'To be or not to be: that is the question.' <i>Hamlet</i>, act iii. sc. 1.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-766">[766]</a> Virgil, <i>Eclogues</i>, iii. III.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-767">[767]</a> 'The stormy Hebrides.' Milton's <i>Lycidas</i>, 1. 156.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-768">[768]</a> Boswell was thinking of the passage (p. xxi.) in which Hawkesworth
+    tells how one of Captain Cook's ships was saved by the wind falling.
+    'If,' he writes, 'it was a natural event, providence is out of the
+    question; at least we can with no more propriety say that providentially
+    the wind ceased, than that providentially the sun rose in the morning.
+    If it was not,' &amp;c. According to Malone the attacks made on Hawkesworth
+    in the newspapers for this passage 'affected him so much that from low
+    spirits he was seized with a nervous fever, which on account of the high
+    living he had indulged in had the more power on him; and he is supposed
+    to have put an end to his life by intentionally taking an immoderate
+    dose of opium.' Prior's <i>Malone</i>, p. 441. Mme. D'Arblay says that these
+    attacks shortened his life. <i>Memoirs of Dr. Burney</i>, i. 278. He died on
+    Nov. 17 of this year. See <i>ante</i>, i. 252, and ii. 247.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-769">[769]</a> 'After having been detained by storms many days at Sky we left it,
+    as we thought, with a fair wind; but a violent gust, which Bos had a
+    great mind to call a tempest, forced us into Col.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i.
+    167. 'The wind blew against us in a short time with such violence, that
+    we, being no seasoned sailors, were willing to call it a tempest... The
+    master knew not well whither to go; and our difficulties might, perhaps,
+    have filled a very pathetick page, had not Mr. Maclean of Col... piloted
+    us safe into his own harbour.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 117. Sir Walter
+    Scott says, 'Their risque, in a sea full of islands, was very
+    considerable. Indeed, the whole expedition was highly perilous,
+    considering the season of the year, the precarious chance of getting
+    sea-worthy boats, and the ignorance of the Hebrideans, who,
+    notwithstanding the opportunities, I may say the <i>necessities</i>, of their
+    situation, are very careless and unskilful sailors.' Croker's
+    <i>Boswell</i>, p. 362.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-770">[770]</a> For as the tempest drives, I shape my way. FRANCIS. [Horace,
+    <i>Epistles</i>, i. 1. 15.] BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-771">[771]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Imberbus juvenis, tandem custode remoto,
+      Gaudet equis canibusque, et aprici gramine campi.'
+     'The youth, whose will no froward tutor bounds,
+      Joys in the sunny field, his horse and hounds.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    FRANCIS. Horace, <i>Ars Poet</i>. 1. 161.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-772">[772]</a> <i>Henry VI</i>, act i. sc. 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-773">[773]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 468, and iii. 306.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-774">[774]</a> Johnson describes him as 'a gentleman who has lived some time in
+    the East Indies, but, having dethroned no nabob, is not too rich to
+    settle in his own country.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 117.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-775">[775]</a> This curious exhibition may perhaps remind some of my readers of
+    the ludicrous lines, made, during Sir Robert Walpole's administration,
+    on Mr. George (afterwards Lord) Lyttelton, though the figures of the two
+    personages must be allowed to be very different:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'But who is this astride the pony;
+      So long, so lean, so lank, so bony?
+      Dat be de great orator, Littletony.'
+			BOSWELL.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>
+    These lines were beneath a caricature called <i>The Motion</i>, described by
+    Horace Walpole in his letter of March 25, 1741, and said by Mr.
+    Cunningham to be 'the earliest good political caricature that we
+    possess.' Walpole's <i>Letters</i>, i. 66. Mr. Croker says that 'the exact
+    words are:&mdash; bony? O he be de great orator Little-Tony.'
+</p>
+
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-776">[776]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 213.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-777">[777]</a> In 1673 Burnet, who was then Professor of Theology in Glasgow,
+    dedicated to Lauderdale <i>A Vindication of the Authority, &amp;c., of the
+    Church and State of Scotland</i>. In it he writes of the Duke's 'noble
+    character, and more lasting and inward characters of his princely mind.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-778">[778]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 450.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-779">[779]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 250.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-780">[780]</a> 'Others have considered infinite space as the receptacle, or
+    rather the habitation of the Almighty; but the noblest and most exalted
+    way of considering this infinite space, is that of Sir Isaac Newton, who
+    calls it the <i>sensorium</i> of the Godhead. Brutes and men have their
+    <i>sensoriola</i>, or little <i>sensoriums</i>, by which they apprehend the
+    presence, and perceive the actions, of a few objects that lie contiguous
+    to them. Their knowledge and observation turn within a very narrow
+    circle. But as God Almighty cannot but perceive and know everything in
+    which he resides, infinite space gives room to infinite knowledge, and
+    is, as it were, an organ to Omniscience.' Addison, <i>The Spectator</i>,
+    No. 565.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-781">[781]</a> 'Le célèbre philosophe Leibnitz ... attaqua ces expressions du
+    philosophe anglais, dans une lettre qu'il écrivit en 1715 à la feue
+    reine d'Angleterre, épouse de George II. Cette princesse, digne d'être
+    en commerce avec Leibnitz et Newton, engagea une dispute reglée par
+    lettres entre les deux parties. Mais Newton, ennemi de toute dispute et
+    avare de son temps, laissa le docteur Clarke, son disciple en physique,
+    et pour le moins son égal en métaphysique, entrer pour lui dans la lice.
+    La dispute roula sur presque toutes les idées métaphysiques de Newton,
+    et c'est peut-être le plus beau monument que nous ayons des combats
+    littéraires.' Voltaire's <i>Works</i>, ed. 1819, xxviii. 44.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-782">[782]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 248.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-783">[783]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 295, where Boswell asked Johnson 'if he would not
+    have done more good if he had been more gentle.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; I
+    have done more good as I am. Obscenity and impiety have always been
+    repressed in my company.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-784">[784]</a> 'Mr. Maclean has the reputation of great learning: he is
+    seventy-seven years old, but not infirm, with a look of venerable
+    dignity, excelling what I remember in any other man. His conversation
+    was not unsuitable to his appearance. I lost some of his good will by
+    treating a heretical writer with more regard than in his opinion a
+    heretick could deserve. I honoured his orthodoxy, and did not much
+    censure his asperity. A man who has settled his opinions does not love
+    to have the tranquillity of his conviction disturbed; and at
+    seventy-seven it is time to be in earnest.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 118.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-785">[785]</a> 'Mr. Maclean has no publick edifice for the exercise of his
+    ministry, and can officiate to no greater number than a room can
+    contain; and the room of a hut is not very large... The want of churches
+    is not the only impediment to piety; there is likewise a want of
+    ministers. A parish often contains more islands than one... All the
+    provision made by the present ecclesiastical constitution for the
+    inhabitants of about a hundred square miles is a prayer and sermon in a
+    little room once in three weeks.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 118.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-786">[786]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Our Polly is a sad slut, nor heeds
+        what we have taught her.
+      I wonder any man alive will
+        ever rear a daughter.
+      For she must have both hoods
+        and gowns, and hoops to
+        swell her pride,
+      With scarfs and stays, and
+        gloves and lace; and she
+        will have men beside;
+      And when she's drest with care
+        and cost, all-tempting, fine and gay,
+      As men should serve a cucumber,
+        she flings herself away.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Air vii.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-787">[787]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 162.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-788">[788]</a> In 1715.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-789">[789]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'When Ajax strives some rock's vast weight to throw,
+      The line too labours, and the words move slow.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Pope, <i>Essay on Criticism</i>, l. 370.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-790">[790]</a> Johnson's remark on these stones is curious as shewing that he had
+    not even a glimpse of the discoveries to be made by geology. After
+    saying that 'no account can be given' of the position of one of the
+    stones, he continues:&mdash;'There are so many important things of which
+    human knowledge can give no account, that it may be forgiven us if we
+    speculate no longer on two stones in Col.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 122. See <i>ante</i>,
+    ii. 468, for his censure of Brydone's 'anti-mosaical remark.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-791">[791]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Malo me Galatea petit, lasciva puella.'
+     'My Phillis me with pelted apples plies.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    DRYDEN. Virgil, <i>Eclogues</i>, iii. 64.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-792">[792]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'The helpless traveller, with wild surprise,
+      Sees the dry desert all around him rise,
+      And smother'd in the dusty whirlwind dies.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>Cato</i> act ii. sc. 6.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-793">[793]</a> Johnson seems unwilling to believe this. 'I am not of opinion that
+    by any surveys or land-marks its [the sand's] limits have been ever
+    fixed, or its progression ascertained. If one man has confidence enough
+    to say that it advances, nobody can bring any proof to support him in
+    denying it.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 122. He had seen land in like manner laid
+    waste north of Aberdeen; where 'the owner, when he was required to pay
+    the usual tax, desired rather to resign the ground.' <i>Ib</i>. p. 15.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-794">[794]</a> <i>Box</i>, in this sense, is not in Johnson's <i>Dictionary</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-795">[795]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 100, and iv. 274.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-796">[796]</a> In the original, <i>Rich windows. A Long Story</i>, l. 7.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-797">[797]</a> 'And this according to the philosophers is happiness.' Boswell
+    says of Crabbe's poem <i>The Village</i>, that 'its sentiments as to the
+    false notions of rustick happiness and rustick virtue were quite
+    congenial with Johnson's own.' <i>Ante</i>, iv. 175.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-798">[798]</a> 'This innovation was considered by Mr. Macsweyn as the idle
+    project of a young head, heated with English fancies; but he has now
+    found that turnips will really grow, and that hungry sheep and cows will
+    really eat them.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 121. 'The young laird is heir,
+    perhaps, to 300 square miles of land, which, at ten shillings an acre,
+    would bring him £96,000 a year. He is desirous of improving the
+    agriculture of his country; and, in imitation of the Czar, travelled for
+    improvement, and worked with his own hands upon a farm in
+    Hertfordshire.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 168.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-799">[799]</a> 'In more fruitful countries the removal of one only makes room for
+    the succession of another; but in the Hebrides the loss of an inhabitant
+    leaves a lasting vacuity; for nobody born in any other parts of the
+    world will choose this country for his residence.' Johnson's
+    <i>Works</i>, ix. 93.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-800">[800]</a> 'In 1628 Daillé wrote his celebrated book, <i>De l'usage des Pères</i>,
+    or <i>Of the Use of the Fathers</i>. Dr. Fleetwood, Bishop of Ely, said of it
+    that he thought the author had pretty sufficiently proved they were of
+    <i>no use</i> at all.' Chalmers's <i>Biog. Dict</i>. xi. 209.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-801">[801]</a> <i>Enquiry after Happiness</i>, by Richard Lucas, D.D., 1685.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-802">[802]</a> <i>Divine Dialogues</i>, by Henry More, D.D. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 162, note I.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-803">[803]</a> By David Gregory, the second of the sixteen professors which the
+    family of Gregory gave to the Universities. <i>Ante</i>, p. 48.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-804">[804]</a> 'Johnson's landlord and next neighbour in Bolt-court.' <i>Ante</i>,
+    iii. 141.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-805">[805]</a> 'Cuper's Gardens, near the south bank of the Thames, opposite to
+    Somerset House. The gardens were illuminated, and the company
+    entertained by a band of music and fireworks; but this, with other
+    places of the same kind, has been lately discontinued by an act that has
+    reduced the number of these seats of luxury and dissipation.' Dodsley's
+    <i>London and its Environs</i>, ed. 1761, ii. 209. The Act was the 25th
+    George II, for 'preventing robberies and regulating places of public
+    entertainment.' <i>Parl. Hist</i>. xiv. 1234.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-806">[806]</a> 'Mr. Johnson,' according to Mr. Langton, 'used to laugh at a
+    passage in Carte's <i>Life of the Duke of Ormond,</i> where he gravely
+    observes "that he was always in full dress when he went to court; too
+    many being in the practice of going thither with double lapells."'
+    <i>Boswelliana</i>, p. 274. The following is the passage:&mdash;'No severity of
+    weather or condition of health served him for a reason of not observing
+    that decorum of dress which he thought a point of respect to persons and
+    places. In winter time people were allowed to come to court with
+    double-breasted coats, a sort of undress. The duke would never take
+    advantage of that indulgence; but let it be never so cold, he always
+    came in his proper habit, and indeed the king himself always did the
+    same, though too many neglected his example to make use of the liberty
+    he was pleased to allow.' Carte's <i>Life of Ormond</i>, iv. 693. See <i>ante</i>,
+    i. 42. It was originally published in <i>three</i> volumes folio in 1735-6.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-807">[807]</a> Seneca's two epigrams on Corsica are quoted in Boswell's
+    <i>Corsica</i>, first edition, p. 13. Boswell, in one of his <i>Hypochondriacks
+    (London Mag.</i> 1778, p. 173), says:&mdash;'For Seneca I have a double
+    reverence, both for his own worth, and because he was the heathen sage
+    whom my grandfather constantly studied.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-808">[808]</a> 'Very near the house of Maclean stands the castle of Col, which
+    was the mansion of the Laird till the house was built.... On the wall
+    was, not long ago, a stone with an inscription, importing, that if any
+    man of the clan of Maclonich shall appear before this castle, though he
+    come at midnight, with a man's head in his hand, he shall there find
+    safety and protection against all but the king. This is an old Highland
+    treaty made upon a very memorable occasion. Maclean, the son of John
+    Gerves, who recovered Col, and conquered Barra, had obtained, it is
+    said, from James the Second, a grant of the lands of Lochiel, forfeited,
+    I suppose, by some offence against the state. Forfeited estates were not
+    in those days quietly resigned; Maclean, therefore, went with an armed
+    force to seize his new possessions, and, I know not for what reason,
+    took his wife with him. The Camerons rose in defence of their chief, and
+    a battle was fought at Loch Ness, near the place where Fort Augustus now
+    stands, in which Lochiel obtained the victory, and Maclean, with his
+    followers, was defeated and destroyed. The lady fell into the hands of
+    the conquerors, and, being found pregnant, was placed in the custody of
+    Maclonich, one of a tribe or family branched from Cameron, with orders,
+    if she brought a boy, to destroy him, if a girl, to spare her.
+    Maclonich's wife, who was with child likewise, had a girl about the same
+    time at which Lady Maclean brought a boy; and Maclonich, with more
+    generosity to his captive than fidelity to his trust, contrived that the
+    children should be changed. Maclean, being thus preserved from death, in
+    time recovered his original patrimony; and, in gratitude to his friend,
+    made his castle a place of refuge to any of the clan that should think
+    himself in danger; and, as a proof of reciprocal confidence, Maclean
+    took upon himself and his posterity the care of educating the heir of
+    Maclonich.' Johnson's <i>Works,</i> ix. 130.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-809">[809]</a> 'Mr. Croker tells us that the great Marquis of Montrose was
+    beheaded at Edinburgh in 1650. There is not a forward boy at any school
+    in England who does not know that the Marquis was hanged.' Macaulay's
+    <i>Essays</i>, ed. 1843, i. 357
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-810">[810]</a> It is observable that men of the first rank spelt very ill in the
+    last century. In the first of these letters I have preserved the
+    original spelling. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-811">[811]</a> See <i>ante,</i> i., 127.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-812">[812]</a> Muir-fowl is grouse. <i>Ante</i> p. 44.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-813">[813]</a> See ante, p. 162, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-814">[814]</a> 'In Col only two houses pay the window tax; for only two have six
+    windows, which, I suppose, are the laird's and Mr. Macsweyn's.'
+    Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 125. 'The window tax, as it stands at present
+    (January 1775)...lays a duty upon every window, which in England
+    augments gradually from twopence, the lowest rate upon houses with not
+    more than seven windows, to two shillings, the highest rate upon houses
+    with twenty-five windows and upwards.' <i>Wealth of Nations,</i> v. 2. 2 .1.
+    The tax was first imposed in 1695, as a substitute for hearth money.
+    Macaulay's <i>England,</i> ed. 1874, vii. 271. It was abolished in 1851.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-815">[815]</a> Thomas Carlyle was not fourteen when, one 'dark frosty November
+    morning,' he set off on foot for the University at Edinburgh&mdash;a distance
+    of nearly one hundred miles. Froude's <i>Carlyle</i>, i. 22.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-816">[816]</a> <i>Ante</i>, p. 290.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-817">[817]</a> <i>Of the Nature and Use of Lots: a Treatise historicall and
+    theologicall.</i> By Thomas Gataker. London, 1619. <i>The Spirituall Watch,
+    or Christ's Generall Watch-word.</i> By Thomas Gataker. London, 1619.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-818">[818]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 264.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-819">[819]</a> He visited it with the Thrales on Sept. 22, 1774, when returning
+    from his tour to Wales, and with Boswell in 1776 (<i>ante</i>, ii. 451).
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-820">[820]</a> Mr. Croker says that 'this, no doubt, alludes to Jacob Bryant, the
+    secretary or librarian at Blenheim, with whom Johnson had had perhaps
+    some coolness now forgotten.' The supposition of the coolness seems
+    needless. With so little to go upon, guessing is very hazardous.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-821">[821]</a> Topham Beauclerk, who had married the Duke's sister, after she had
+    been divorced for adultery with him from her first husband Viscount
+    Bolingbroke. <i>Ante</i>, ii. 246, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-822">[822]</a> See <i>post</i>, Dempster's Letter of Feb. 16, 1775.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-823">[823]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 340, where Johnson said that 'if he were a
+    gentleman of landed property, he would turn out all his tenants who did
+    not vote for the candidate whom he supported.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-824">[824]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 378.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-825">[825]</a> 'They have opinions which cannot be ranked with superstition,
+    because they regard only natural effects. They expect better crops of
+    grain by sowing their seed in the moon's increase. The moon has great
+    influence in vulgar philosophy. In my memory it was a precept annually
+    given in one of the English almanacks, "to kill hogs when the moon was
+    increasing, and the bacon would prove the better in boiling."' Johnson's
+    <i>Works,</i> ix. 104. Bacon, in his <i>Natural History</i>(No.892) says:&mdash;'For
+    the increase of moisture, the opinion received is, that seeds will grow
+    soonest if they be set in the increase of the moon.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-826">[826]</a> The question which Johnson asked with such unusual warmth might
+    have been answered, 'by sowing the bent, or couch grass.' WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-827">[827]</a> See <i>ante,</i> i. 484.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-828">[828]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 483.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-829">[829]</a> It is remarkable, that Dr. Johnson should have read this account
+    of some of his own peculiar habits, without saying any thing on the
+    subject, which I hoped he would have done. BOSWELL. See <i>ante</i>, p. 128,
+    note 2, and iv. 183, where Boswell 'observed he must have been a bold
+    laugher who would have ventured to tell Dr. Johnson of any of his
+    peculiarities.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-830">[830]</a> In this he was very unlike Swift, who, in his youth, when
+    travelling in England, 'generally chose to dine with waggoners,
+    hostlers, and persons of that rank; and he used to lie at night in
+    houses where he found written of the door <i>Lodgings for a penny</i>. He
+    delighted in scenes of low life.' Lord Orrery's <i>Swift</i>, ed. 1752,
+    p. 33.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-831">[831]</a> This is from the <i>Jests of Hierocles.</i> CROKER.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-832">[832]</a> 'The grave a gay companion shun.' FRANCIS. Horace, 1 <i>Epis.</i>
+    xviii. 89.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-833">[833]</a> Boswell in 1776 found that 'oats were much used as food in Dr.
+    Johnson's own town.' <i>Ante</i>, ii. 463.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-834">[834]</a> <i>Ante</i>, i. 294.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-835">[835]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 258.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-836">[836]</a> 'The richness of the round steep green knolls, clothed with copse,
+    and glancing with cascades, and a pleasant peep at a small fresh-water
+    loch embosomed among them&mdash;the view of the bay, surrounded and guarded
+    by the island of Colvay&mdash;the gliding of two or three vessels in the more
+    distant Sound&mdash;and the row of the gigantic Ardnamurchan mountains
+    closing the scene to the north, almost justify the eulogium of
+    Sacheverell, [<i>post,</i> p. 336] who, in 1688, declared the bay of
+    Tobermory might equal any prospect in Italy.' Lockhart's <i>Scott,</i>
+    iv. 338.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-837">[837]</a> 'The saying of the old philosopher who observes, that he who wants
+    least is most like the gods who want nothing, was a favourite sentence
+    with Dr. Johnson, who, on his own part, required less attendance, sick
+    or well, than ever I saw any human creature. Conversation was all he
+    required to make him happy.' Piozzi's <i>Anec.</i> p. 275.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-838">[838]</a> <i>Remarks on Several Parts of Italy</i> (<i>ante</i>, ii. 346). Johnson
+    (<i>Works</i>, vii. 424) says of these <i>Travels</i>:&mdash;'Of many parts it is not a
+    very severe censure to say that they might have been written at home.'
+    He adds that 'the book, though awhile neglected, became in time so much
+    the favourite of the publick, that before it was reprinted it rose to
+    five times its price.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-839">[839]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 254, and iv. 237.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-840">[840]</a> Johnson (<i>Works</i>, viii. 320) says of Pope that 'he had before him
+    not only what his own meditation suggested, but what he had found in
+    other writers that might be <i>accomodated</i> to his present purpose.'
+    Boswell's use of the word is perhaps derived, as Mr. Croker suggests,
+    from <i>accommoder</i>, in the sense of <i>dressing up or cooking meats</i>. This
+    word occurs in an amusing story that Boswell tells in one of his
+    Hypochondriacks (<i>London Mag</i>. 1779, p. 55):&mdash;'A friend of mine told me
+    that he engaged a French cook for Sir B. Keen, when ambassador in Spain,
+    and when he asked the fellow if he had ever dressed any magnificent
+    dinners the answer was:&mdash;"Monsieur, j'ai accommodé un dîner qui faisait
+    trembler toute la France."' Scott, in <i>Guy Mannering</i> (ed. 1860, iii.
+    138), describes 'Miss Bertram's solicitude to soothe and <i>accommodate</i>
+    her parent.' See <i>ante</i>, iv. 39, note 1, for '<i>accommodated</i> the
+    ladies.' To sum up, we may say with Justice Shallow:&mdash;'Accommodated! it
+    comes of <i>accommodo</i>; very good; a good phrase.' 2 <i>Henry IV</i>, act
+    iii. sc. 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-841">[841]</a> 'Louis Moréri, né en Provence, en 1643. On ne s'attendait pas que
+    l'auteur du <i>Pays d'amour</i>, et le traducteur de <i>Rodriguez</i>, entreprît
+    dans sa jeunesse le premier dictionnaire de faits qu'on eût encore vu.
+    Ce grand travail lui coûta la vie... Mort en 1680.' Voltaire's <i>Works</i>,
+    ed. 1819, xvii. 133.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-842">[842]</a> Johnson looked upon <i>Ana</i> as an English word, for he gives it in
+    his <i>Dictionary</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-843">[843]</a> I take leave to enter my strongest protest against this judgement.
+    <i>Bossuet</i> I hold to be one of the first luminaries of religion and
+    literature. If there are who do not read him, it is full time they
+    should begin. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-844">[844]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Just in the gate, and in the jaws of hell,
+     Revengeful cares, and sullen sorrows dwell;
+     And pale diseases, and repining age;
+     Want, fear, and famine's unresisted rage;
+     Here toils and death, and death's half-brother, sleep,
+     Forms  terrible to view their sentry keep.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Dryden, <i>Aeneid</i>, vi. 273. BOSWELL. Voltaire, in his Essay <i>Sur les
+    inconvéniens attachés à la Littérature</i> (<i>Works</i>, xliii. 173),
+    says:&mdash;'Enfin, après un an de refus et de négociations, votre ouvrage
+    s'imprime; c'est alors qu'il faut ou assoupir les <i>Cerbères</i> de la
+    littérature ou les faire aboyer en votre faveur.' He therefore carries
+    on the resemblance one step further,&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Cerberus haec ingens latratu regna trifauci Personat.' <i>Aeneid</i>, vi. 417.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-845">[845]</a> It was in 1763 that Boswell made Johnson's acquaintance. <i>Ante</i>,
+    i. 391.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-846">[846]</a> It is no small satisfaction to me to reflect, that Dr. Johnson
+    read this, and, after being apprized of my intention, communicated to
+    me, at subsequent periods, many particulars of his life, which probably
+    could not otherwise have been preserved. BOSWELL. See <i>ante</i>, i. 26.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-847">[847]</a> Though Mull is, as Johnson says, the third island of the Hebrides
+    in extent, there was no post there. <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 170.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-848">[848]</a> This observation is very just. The time for the Hebrides was too
+    late by a month or six weeks. I have heard those who remembered their
+    tour express surprise they were not drowned. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-849">[849]</a> <i> The Charmer, a Collection of Songs Scotch and English.</i>
+    Edinburgh, 1749.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-850">[850]</a> By Thomas Willis, M.D. It was published in 1672. 'In this work he
+    maintains that the soul of brutes is like the vital principle in man,
+    that it is corporeal in its nature and perishes with the body. Although
+    the book was dedicated to the Archbishop of Canterbury, his orthodoxy, a
+    matter that Willis regarded much, was called in question.' Knight's
+    <i>Eng. Cyclo</i>. vi. 741. Burnet speaks of him as 'Willis, the great
+    physician.' <i>History of his Own Time</i>, ed. 1818, i. 254. See <i>Wood's
+    Athenae</i>, iii. 1048.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-851">[851]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 409 and iii. 242, where he said:&mdash;'Had I learnt to
+    fiddle, I should have done nothing else.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-852">[852]</a> <i>Ante</i>, p. 277.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-853">[853]</a> <i>Ante</i>, p. 181.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-854">[854]</a> Mr. Langton thinks this must have been the hasty expression of a
+    splenetick moment, as he has heard Dr. Johnson speak of Mr. Spence's
+    judgment in criticism with so high a degree of respect, as to shew that
+    this was not his settled opinion of him. Let me add that, in the preface
+    to the <i>Preceptor</i>, he recommends Spence's <i>Essay on Papers Odyssey</i>,
+    and that his admirable <i>Lives of the English Poets</i> are much enriched by
+    Spence's Anecdotes of Pope. BOSWELL. For the <i>Preceptor</i> see <i>ante</i>, i.
+    192, and Johnson's <i>Works</i>, v. 240. Johnson, in his <i>Life of Pope (ib</i>.
+    viii. 274), speaks of Spence as 'a man whose learning was not very
+    great, and whose mind was not very powerful. His criticism, however, was
+    commonly just; what he thought he thought rightly; and his remarks were
+    recommended by his coolness and candour.' See <i>ante</i>, iv. 9, 63.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-855">[855]</a> 'She was the only interpreter of Erse poetry that I could ever
+    find.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 134. See <i>ante</i>, p. 241.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-856">[856]</a> 'After a journey difficult and tedious, over rocks naked and
+    valleys untracked, through a country of barrenness and solitude, we
+    came, almost in the dark, to the sea-side, weary and dejected, having
+    met with nothing but waters falling from the mountains that could raise
+    any image of delight.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 170. 'It is natural, in
+    traversing this gloom of desolation, to inquire, whether something may
+    not be done to give nature a more cheerful face.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>,
+    ix. 136.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-857">[857]</a> <i>Ante</i>, p. 19.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-858">[858]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 521.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-859">[859]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 212.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-860">[860]</a> Sir William Blackstone says, in his <i>Commentaries</i>, that 'he
+    cannot find that ever this custom prevailed in England;' and therefore
+    he is of opinion that it could not have given rise to <i>Borough-English</i>.
+    BOSWELL. 'I cannot learn that ever this custom prevailed in England,
+    though it certainly did in Scotland (under the name of <i>mercketa</i> or
+    <i>marcheta</i>), till abolished by Malcolm III.' <i>Commentaries</i>, ed. 1778,
+    ii. 83. Sir H. Maine, in his <i>Early History of Institutions</i>, p. 222,
+    writes:&mdash;'Other authors, as Blackstone tells us, explained it ["Borough
+    English"] by a supposed right of the Seigneur or lord, now very
+    generally regarded as apocryphal, which raised a presumption of the
+    eldest son's illegitimacy.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-861">[861]</a> 'Macquarry was used to demand a sheep, for which he now takes a
+    crown, by that inattention to the uncertain proportion between the value
+    and the denomination of money, which has brought much disorder into
+    Europe. A sheep has always the same power of supplying human wants, but
+    a crown will bring, at one time more, at another less'. Johnson's
+    <i>Works</i>, ix. 139.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-862">[862]</a> 'The house and the furniture are not always nicely suited. We were
+    driven once, by missing a passage, to the hut of a gentleman, where,
+    after a very liberal supper, when I was conducted to my chamber, I found
+    an elegant bed of Indian cotton, spread with fine sheets. The
+    accommodation was flattering; I undressed myself, and felt my feet in
+    the mire. The bed stood upon the bare earth, which a long course of rain
+    had softened to a puddle.' <i>Works</i>, ix. 98.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-863">[863]</a> Inchkenneth is a most beautiful little islet, of the most verdant
+    green, while all the neighbouring shore of Greban, as well as the large
+    islands of Colinsay and Ulva, are as black as heath and moss can make
+    them. But Ulva has a good anchorage, and Inchkenneth is surrounded by
+    shoals. It is now uninhabited. The ruins of the huts, in which Dr.
+    Johnson was received by Sir Allan M'Lean, were still to be seen, and
+    some tatters of the paper hangings were to be seen on the walls. Sir G.
+    O. Paul was at Inchkenneth with the same party of which I was a member.
+    [See Lockhart's <i>Scott</i>, ed. 1839, iii. 285.] He seemed to suspect many
+    of the Highland tales which he heard, but he showed most incredulity on
+    the subject of Johnson's having been entertained in the wretched huts of
+    which we saw the ruins. He took me aside, and conjured me to tell him
+    the truth of the matter. 'This Sir Allan,' said he, 'was he a <i>regular
+    baronet</i>, or was his title such a traditional one as you find in
+    Ireland?' I assured my excellent acquaintance that, 'for my own part, I
+    would have paid more respect to a knight of Kerry, or knight of Glynn;
+    yet Sir Allan M'Lean was a <i>regular baronet</i> by patent;' and, having
+    giving him this information, I took the liberty of asking him, in
+    return, whether he would not in conscience prefer the worst cell in the
+    jail at Gloucester (which he had been very active in overlooking while
+    the building was going on) to those exposed hovels where Johnson had
+    been entertained by rank and beauty. He looked round the little islet,
+    and allowed Sir Allan had some advantage in exercising ground; but in
+    other respects he thought the compulsory tenants of Gloucester had
+    greatly the advantage. Such was his opinion of a place, concerning which
+    Johnson has recorded that 'it wanted little which palaces could afford.' WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-864">[864]</a> 'Sir Allan's affairs are in disorder by the fault of his
+    ancestors, and while he forms some scheme for retrieving them he has
+    retreated hither.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i> i. 172.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-865">[865]</a> By Francis Gastrell, Bishop of Chester, published in 1707.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-866">[866]</a> <i>Travels through different cities of Germany, &amp;c.,</i>, by Alexander
+    Drummond. Horace Walpole, on April 24, 1754 (<i>Letters</i>, ii. 381),
+    mentions 'a very foolish vulgar book of travels, lately published by one
+    Drummond, consul at Aleppo.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-867">[867]</a> <i> Physico-Theology; or a Demonstration of the Being and Attributes
+    of God from his Works of Creation.</i> By William Derham, D.D., 1713.
+    Voltaire, in <i>Micromégas,</i> ch. I, speaking of 'l'illustre vicaire
+    Derham' says:&mdash;'Malheureusement, lui et ses imitateurs se trompent
+    souvent dans l'exposition de ces merveilles; ils s'extasient sur la
+    sagesse qui se montre dans l'ordre d'un phénomène et on découvre que ce
+    phénomène est tout différent de ce qu'ils ont supposé; alors c'est ce
+    nouvel ordre qui leur paraît un chef d'oeuvre de sagesse.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-868">[868]</a> This work was published in 1774. Johnson said on March 20, 1776
+    (<i>ante</i>, ii. 447), 'that he believed Campbell's disappointment on
+    account of the bad success of that work had killed him.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-869">[869]</a> Johnson said of Campbell:&mdash;'I am afraid he has not been in the
+    inside of a church for many years; but he never passes a church without
+    pulling off his hat. This shows that he has good principles.' <i>Ante</i>,
+    i. 418.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-870">[870]</a> <i>New horse-shoeing Husbandry</i>, by Jethro Tull, 1733.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-871">[871]</a> 'He owned he sometimes talked for victory.' <i>Ante</i>, iv. 111, and
+    v. 17.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-872">[872]</a> 'They said that a great family had a <i>bard</i> and a <i>senachi</i>, who
+    were the poet and historian of the house; and an old gentleman told me
+    that he remembered one of each. Here was a dawn of intelligence....
+    Another conversation informed me that the same man was both bard and
+    senachi. This variation discouraged me.... Soon after I was told by a
+    gentleman, who is generally acknowledged the greatest master of
+    Hebridian antiquities, that there had, indeed, once been both bards and
+    senachies; and that <i>senachi</i> signified <i>the man of talk</i>, or of
+    conversation; but that neither bard nor senachi had existed for some
+    centuries.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 109.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-873">[873]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 41, 327
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-874">[874]</a> 'Towards evening Sir Allan told us that Sunday never passed over
+    him like another day. One of the ladies read, and read very well, the
+    evening service;&mdash;"and Paradise was opened in the wild."' <i>Piozzi
+    Letters</i>, i. 173. The quotation is from Pope's <i>Eloisa to Abelard</i>,
+    l. 134:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'You raised these hallowed walls; the desert smil'd,
+      And Paradise was open'd in the wild.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-875">[875]</a> He sent these verses to Boswell in 1775. <i>Ante</i> ii. 293.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-876">[876]</a> Boswell wrote to Johnson on Feb. 2, 1775, (<i>ante</i>, ii. 295):&mdash;'Lord
+    Hailes bids me tell you he doubts whether&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     "Legitimas faciunt pectora pura preces,"
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    be according to the rubrick, but that is your concern; for you know, he
+    is a Presbyterian.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-877">[877]</a> In Johnson's <i>Works</i>, i. 167, these lines are given with
+    amendments and additions, mostly made by Johnson, but some, Mr. Croker
+    believes, by Mr. Langton. In the following copy the variations are
+    marked in italics.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+         INSULA KENNETHI, INTER HEBRIDAS.
+     Parva quidem regio sed religione priorum
+       <i>Clara</i> Caledonias panditur inter aquas.
+     Voce ubi Cennethus populos domuisse feroces
+        Dicitur, et vanos dedocuisse deos.
+     Huc ego delatus placido per caerula cursu,
+       Scire <i>locus</i> volui quid daret <i>iste</i> novi.
+     Illic Leniades humili regnabat in aula,
+       Leniades, magnis nobilitatus avis.
+     Una duas <i>cepit</i> casa cum genitore puellas,
+       Quas Amor undarum <i>crederet</i> esse deas.
+     <i>Nec</i> tamen inculti gelidis latuere sub antris,
+       Accola Danubii qualia saevus habet.
+     Mollia non <i>desunt</i> vacuae solatia vitae
+       Sive libros poscant otia, sive lyram.
+     <i>Fulserat</i> illa dies, legis <i>qua</i> docta supernae
+       Spes hominum <i>et</i> curas <i>gens</i> procul esse jubet.
+     <i>Ut precibus justas avertat numinis iras,
+       Et summi accendat pectus amore boni.</i>
+     Ponti inter strepitus <i>non sacri</i> munera cultus
+       Cessarunt, pietas hic quoque cura fuit.
+     <i>Nil opus est oeris sacra de turre sonantis
+       Admonitu, ipsa suas nunciat hora vices.</i>
+     Quid, quod sacrifici versavit foemina libros?
+       <i>Sint pro legitimis pura labella sacris.</i>
+     Quo vagor ulterius? quod ubique requiritur hic est,
+       Hic secura quies, hic et honestus amor.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Mr. Croker says of the third line from the end, that in a copy of these
+    verses in Johnson's own hand which he had seen, 'Johnson had
+    first written
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     <i>Sunt pro legitimis pectora pura sacris.</i>
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    He then wrote
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     <i>Legitimas faciunt pura labella preces.</i>
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    That line was erased, and the line as it stands in the <i>Works</i> is
+    substituted in Mr. Langton's hand, as is also an alteration in the 16th
+    line, <i>velit</i> into <i>jubet</i>.' <i>Jubet</i> however is in the copy as printed
+    by Boswell. Mr. Langton edited some, if not all, of Johnson's Latin
+    poems. (<i>Ante</i>, iv. 384.)
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-878">[878]</a> 'Boswell, who is very pious, went into the chapel at night to
+    perform his devotions, but came back in haste for fear of spectres.'
+    <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 173.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-879">[879]</a> <i>Ante</i> p. 169.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-880">[880]</a> John Gerves, or John the Giant, of whom Dr. Johnson relates a
+    curious story; <i>Works</i> ix. 119.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-881">[881]</a> Lord Chatham in the House of Lords, on Nov. 22, 1770, speaking of
+    'the honest, industrious tradesman, who holds the middle rank, and has
+    given repeated proofs that he prefers law and liberty to gold,' had
+    said:&mdash;'I love that class of men. Much less would I be thought to
+    reflect upon the fair merchant, whose liberal commerce is the prime
+    source of national wealth. I esteem his occupation, and respect his
+    character.' <i>Parl. Hist.</i> xvi. 1107.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-882">[882]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 382.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-883">[883]</a> He was born in Nordland in Sweden, in 1736. In 1768 he and Mr.
+    Banks accompanied Captain Cook in his first voyage round the world. He
+    died in 1782. Knight's <i>Eng. Cyclo.</i> v. 578. Miss Burney wrote of him in
+    1780:&mdash;'My father has very exactly named him, in calling him a
+    philosophical gossip.' Mme. D'Arblay's <i>Diary</i>, i. 305. Horace Walpole
+    the same year, just after the Gordon Riots, wrote (<i>Letters</i>, vii.
+    403):&mdash;'Who is secure against Jack Straw and a whirlwind? How I
+    abominate Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander, who routed the poor Otaheitans out
+    of the centre of the ocean, and carried our abominable passions amongst
+    them! not even that poor little speck could escape European
+    restlessness.' See <i>ante</i> ii. 148.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-884">[884]</a> Boswell tells this story again, <i>ante</i>, ii. 299. Mrs. Piozzi's
+    account (<i>Anec</i>. p. 114) is evidently so inaccurate that it does not
+    deserve attention; she herself admits that Beauclerk was truthful. In a
+    marginal note on Wraxall's <i>Memoirs</i>, she says:&mdash;'Topham Beauclerk
+    (wicked and profligate as he wished to be accounted), was yet a man of
+    very strict veracity. Oh Lord! how I did hate that horrid Beauclerk!'
+    Hayward's <i>Piozzi</i>, i. 348. Johnson testified to 'the correctness of
+    Beauclerk's memory and the fidelity of his narrative.' <i>Ante</i>, ii. 405.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-885">[885]</a> 'Mr. Maclean of Col, having a very numerous family, has for some
+    time past resided at Aberdeen, that he may superintend their education,
+    and leaves the young gentleman, our friend, to govern his dominions with
+    the full power of a Highland chief.' <i>Johnson's Works</i>, ix. 117.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-886">[886]</a> This is not spoken of hare-coursing, where the game is taken or
+    lost before the dog gets out of wind; but in chasing deer with the great
+    Highland greyhound, Col's exploit is feasible enough. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-887">[887]</a> See <i>ante</i>, pp. 45, III, for Monboddo's notion.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-888">[888]</a> Mme. Riccoboni in 1767 wrote to Garrick of the French:&mdash;'Un
+    mensonge grossier les révolte. Si on voulait leur persuader que les
+    Anglais vivent de grenouilles, meurent de faim, que leurs femmes sont
+    barbouillées, et jurent par toutes les lettres de l'alphabet, ils
+    leveraient les épaules, et s'écriraient, <i>quel sot ose écrire ces
+    misères-là?</i> mais à Londres, diantre cela prend!' <i>Garrick Corres</i>.
+    ii. 524.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-889">[889]</a> Just opposite to M'Quarrie's house the boat was swamped by the
+    intoxication of the sailors, who had partaken too largely of M'Quarrie's
+    wonted hospitality. WALTER SCOTT. Johnson wrote from Lichfield on June
+    13, 1775;&mdash;'There is great lamentation here for the death of Col. Lucy
+    [Miss Porter] is of opinion that he was wonderfully handsome.' <i>Piozzi
+    Letters</i>, i. 235. See ante, ii. 287.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-890">[890]</a> Iona.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-891">[891]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 237.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-892">[892]</a> See <i>ante</i>, 111. 229.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-893">[893]</a> Sir James Mackintosh says (<i>Life</i>, ii. 257):&mdash;'Dr. Johnson visited
+    Iona without looking at Staffa, which lay in sight, with that
+    indifference to natural objects, either of taste or scientific
+    curiosity, which characterised him.' This is a fair enough sample of
+    much of the criticism under which Johnson's reputation has suffered.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-894">[894]</a> Smollett in <i>Humphry Clinker</i> (Letter of Sept. 3) describes a
+    Highland funeral. 'Our entertainer seemed to think it a disparagement to
+    his family that not above a hundred gallons of whisky had been drunk
+    upon such a solemn occasion.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-895">[895]</a> 'We then entered the boat again; the night came upon us; the wind
+    rose; the sea swelled; and Boswell desired to be set on dry ground: we,
+    however, pursued our navigation, and passed by several little islands in
+    the silent solemnity of faint moon-shine, seeing little, and hearing
+    only the wind and water.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 176.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-896">[896]</a> Cicero <i>De Finibus</i>, ii. 32.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-897">[897]</a> I have lately observed that this thought has been elegantly
+    expressed by Cowley:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Things which offend when present, and affright,
+      In  memory, well painted, move delight.'
+			BOSWELL.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>
+    The lines are found in the <i>Ode upon His Majesty's Restoration and
+    Return</i>, stanza 12. They may have been suggested by Virgil's lines&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Revocate animos, maestumque timorem
+      Mittite; forsan et haec olim meminisse juvabit.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Aeneid, i. 202.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-898">[898]</a> Had our Tour produced nothing else but this sublime passage, the
+    world must have acknowledged that it was not made in vain. The present
+    respectable President of the Royal Society was so much struck on reading
+    it, that he clasped his hands together, and remained for some time in an
+    attitude of silent admiration, BOSWELL. Boswell again quotes this
+    passage (which is found in Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 145), <i>ante</i>, iii.
+    173. The President was Sir Joseph Banks, Johnson says in <i>Rasselas</i>, ch.
+    xi:&mdash;'That the supreme being may be more easily propitiated in one place
+    than in another is the dream of idle superstition; but that some places
+    may operate upon our own minds in an uncommon manner is an opinion which
+    hourly experience will justify. He who supposes that his vices may be
+    more successfully combated in Palestine will, perhaps, find himself
+    mistaken, yet he may go thither without folly; he who thinks they will
+    be more freely pardoned dishonours at once his reason and religion.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-899">[899]</a> 'Sir Allan went to the headman of the island, whom fame, but fame
+    delights in amplifying, represents as worth no less than fifty pounds.
+    He was, perhaps, proud enough of his guests, but ill prepared for our
+    entertainment; however he soon produced more provision than men not
+    luxurious require.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 146.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-900">[900]</a> <i>An Account of the Isle of Man. With a voyage to I-Columb-Kill</i>.
+    By W. Sacheverell, Esq., late Governour of Man. 1702.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-901">[901]</a> 'He that surveys it [the church-yard] attended by an insular
+    antiquary may be told where the kings of many nations are buried, and if
+    he loves to soothe his imagination with the thoughts that naturally rise
+    in places where the great and the powerful lie mingled with the dust,
+    let him listen in submissive silence; for if he asks any questions his
+    delight is at an end.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 148.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-902">[902]</a> On quitting the island Johnson wrote: 'We now left those
+    illustrious ruins, by which Mr. Boswell was much affected, nor would I
+    willingly be thought to have looked upon them without some emotion.'
+    <i>Ib</i>. p. 150.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-903">[903]</a> Psalm xc. 4.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-904">[904]</a> Boswell wrote on Nov. 9, 1767:&mdash;'I am always for fixing some
+    period for my perfection as far as possible. Let it be when my account
+    of Corsica is published; I shall then have a character which I must
+    support.' <i>Letters of Boswell</i>, p. 122. Five weeks later he wrote:&mdash;'I
+    have been as wild as ever;' and then comes a passage which the Editor
+    has thought it needful to suppress. <i>Ib</i>.p.128.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-905">[905]</a> Boswell here speaks as an Englishman. He should have written '<i>a</i>
+    M'Ginnis.' See <i>ante</i>, p. 135, note 3.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-906">[906]</a> 'The fruitfulness of Iona is now its whole prosperity. The
+    inhabitants are remarkably gross, and remarkably neglected; I know not
+    if they are visited by any minister. The island, which was once the
+    metropolis of learning and piety, has now no school for education, nor
+    temple for worship, only two inhabitants that can speak English, and not
+    one that can write or read.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 149. Scott, who
+    visited it in 1810, writes:&mdash;'There are many monuments of singular
+    curiosity, forming a strange contrast to the squalid and dejected
+    poverty of the present inhabitants.' Lockhart's <i>Scott</i>, ed. 1839, iii.
+    285. In 1814, on a second visit, he writes:&mdash;'Iona, the last time I saw
+    it, seemed to me to contain the most wretched people I had anywhere
+    seen. But either they have got better since I was here, or my eyes,
+    familiarized with the wretchedness of Zetland and the Harris, are less
+    shocked with that of Iona.' He found a schoolmaster there. <i>Ib</i>.
+    iv. 324.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-907">[907]</a> Johnson's Jacobite friend, Dr. King (<i>ante</i>, i. 279), says of
+    Pulteney, on his being made Earl of Bath:&mdash;'He deserted the cause of
+    his country; he betrayed his friends and adherents; he ruined his
+    character, and from a most glorious eminence sunk down to a degree of
+    contempt. The first time Sir Robert (who was now Earl of Orford) met him
+    in the House of Lords, he threw out this reproach:&mdash;"My Lord Bath, you
+    and I are now two as insignificant men as any in England." In which he
+    spoke the truth of my Lord Bath, but not of himself. For my Lord Orford
+    was consulted by the ministers to the last day of his life.' King's
+    <i>Anec</i>. p. 43.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-908">[908]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 431, and iii. 326.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-909">[909]</a> 'Sir Robert Walpole detested war. This made Dr. Johnson say of
+    him, "He was the best minister this country ever had, as, if <i>we</i> would
+    have let him (he speaks of his own violent faction), he would have kept
+    the country in perpetual peace."' Seward's <i>Biographiana</i>, p. 554. See
+    <i>ante</i>, i. 131.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-910">[910]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. Appendix C.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-911">[911]</a> I think it incumbent on me to make some observation on this strong
+    satirical sally on my classical companion, Mr. Wilkes. Reporting it
+    lately from memory, in his presence, I expressed it thus:&mdash;'They knew he
+    would rob their shops, <i>if he durst;</i> they knew he would debauch their
+    daughters, <i>if he could;</i>' which, according to the French phrase, may be
+    said <i>renchérir</i> on Dr. Johnson; but on looking into my Journal, I found
+    it as above, and would by no means make any addition. Mr. Wilkes
+    received both readings with a good humour that I cannot enough admire.
+    Indeed both he and I (as, with respect to myself, the reader has more
+    than once had occasion to observe in the course of this Journal,) are
+    too fond of a <i>bon mot</i>, not to relish it, though we should be ourselves
+    the object of it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Let me add, in justice to the gentleman here mentioned, that at a
+    subsequent period, he <i>was</i> elected chief magistrate of London [in
+    1774], and discharged the duties of that high office with great honour
+    to himself, and advantage to the city. Some years before Dr. Johnson
+    died, I was fortunate enough to bring him and Mr. Wilkes together; the
+    consequence of which was, that they were ever afterwards on easy and not
+    unfriendly terms. The particulars I shall have great pleasure in
+    relating at large in my <i>Life of Dr. Johnson</i>. BOSWELL. In the copy of
+    Boswell's <i>Letter to the People of Scotland</i> in the British Museum is
+    entered in Boswell's own hand&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Comes jucundus in via pro vehiculo est.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    To John Wilkes, Esq.: as pleasant a companion as ever lived. From the
+    Author.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+             &mdash;will my Wilkes retreat,
+     And see, once seen before, that ancient seat, etc.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    See <i>ante</i>, iii. 64, 183; iv. 101, 224, note 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-912">[912]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 199.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-913">[913]</a> Our afternoon journey was through a country of such gloomy
+    desolation that Mr. Boswell thought no part of the Highlands equally
+    terrifick.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 150.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-914">[914]</a> Johnson describes Lochbuy as 'a true Highland laird, rough and
+    haughty, and tenacious of his dignity: who, hearing my name, inquired
+    whether I was of the Johnstons of Glencoe (<i>sic</i>) or of Ardnamurchan.'
+    <i>Ib</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-915">[915]</a> Boswell totally misapprehended <i>Lochbuy's</i> meaning. There are two
+    septs of the powerful clan of M'Donaid, who are called Mac-Ian, that is
+    <i>John's-son</i>; and as Highlanders often translate their names when they
+    go to the Lowlands,&mdash;as Gregor-son for Mac-Gregor, Farquhar-son for
+    Mac-Farquhar,&mdash;<i>Lochbuy</i> supposed that Dr. Johnson might be one of the
+    Mac-Ians of Ardnamurchan, or of Glencro. Boswell's explanation was
+    nothing to the purpose. The <i>Johnstons</i> are a clan distinguished in
+    Scottish <i>border</i> history, and as brave as any <i>Highland</i> clan that ever
+    wore brogues; but they lay entirely out of <i>Lochbuy's</i> knowledge&mdash;nor
+    was he thinking of <i>them</i>. WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-916">[916]</a> This maxim, however, has been controverted. See Blackstone's
+    <i>Commentaries</i>, vol. ii. p. 291; and the authorities there quoted.
+    BOSWELL. 'Blackstone says:&mdash;From these loose authorities, which
+    Fitzherbert does not hesitate to reject as being contrary to reason, the
+    maxim that a man shall not stultify himself hath been handed down as
+    settled law; though later opinions, feeling the inconvenience of the
+    rule, have in many points endeavoured to restrain it.' <i>Ib</i>. p. 292.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-917">[917]</a> Begging pardon of the Doctor and his conductor, I have often seen
+    and partaken of cold sheep's head at as good breakfast-tables as ever
+    they sat at. This protest is something in the manner of the late
+    Culrossie, who fought a duel for the honour of Aberdeen butter. I have
+    passed over all the Doctor's other reproaches upon Scotland, but the
+    sheep's head I will defend <i>totis viribus</i>. Dr. Johnson himself must
+    have forgiven my zeal on this occasion; for if, as he says, <i>dinner</i> be
+    the thing of which a man thinks <i>oftenest during the day, breakfast</i>
+    must be that of which he thinks <i>first in the morning</i>. WALTER SCOTT. I
+    do not know where Johnson says this. Perhaps Scott was thinking of a
+    passage in Mrs. Piozzi's <i>Anec</i>. p. 149, where she writes that he said:
+    'A man seldom thinks with more earnestness of any thing than he does of
+    his dinner.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-918">[918]</a> A horrible place it was. Johnson describes it (<i>Works</i>, ix. 152)
+    as 'a deep subterraneous cavity, walled on the sides, and arched on the
+    top, into which the descent is through a narrow door, by a ladder or
+    a rope.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-919">[919]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 177.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-920">[920]</a> Sir Allan M'Lean, like many Highland chiefs, was embarrassed in
+    his private affairs, and exposed to unpleasant solicitations from
+    attorneys, called, in Scotland, <i>writers</i> (which indeed was the chief
+    motive of his retiring to Inchkenneth). Upon one occasion he made a
+    visit to a friend, then residing at Carron lodge, on the banks of the
+    Carron, where the banks of that river are studded with pretty villas:
+    Sir Allan, admiring the landscape, asked his friend, whom that handsome
+    seat belonged to. 'M&mdash;-, the writer to the signet,' was the reply.
+    'Umph!' said Sir Allan, but not with an accent of assent, 'I mean that
+    other house.' 'Oh ! that belongs to a very honest fellow Jamie&mdash;-, also
+    a writer to the signet.' 'Umph!' said the Highland chief of M'Lean with
+    more emphasis than before, 'And yon smaller house?' 'That belongs to a
+    Stirling man; I forget his name, but I am sure he is a writer too;
+    for&mdash;-.' Sir Allan who had recoiled a quarter of a circle backward at
+    every response, now wheeled the circle entire and turned his back on the
+    landscape, saying, 'My good friend, I must own you have a pretty
+    situation here; but d&mdash;n your neighbourhood.' WALTER SCOTT.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-921">[921]</a> Loch Awe.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-922">[922]</a> 'Pope's talent lay remarkably in what one may naturally enough
+    term the condensation of thoughts. I think no other English poet ever
+    brought so much sense into the same number of lines with equal
+    smoothness, ease, and poetical beauty. Let him who doubts of this peruse
+    his <i>Essay on Man</i> with attention.' Shenstone's <i>Essays on Men and
+    Manners. [Works</i>, 4th edit. ii. 159.] 'He [Gray] approved an observation
+    of Shenstone, that "Pope had the art of condensing a thought."'
+    Nicholls' <i>Reminiscences of Gray</i>, p. 37. And Swift [in his <i>Lines on
+    the death of Dr. Swift</i>], himself a great condenser, says&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'In Pope I cannot read a line
+      But with a sigh I wish it mine;
+      When he can in one couplet fix
+      More sense than I can do in six.'
+			P. CUNNINGHAM.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-923">[923]</a> He is described by Walpole in his <i>Letters</i>, viii. 5.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-924">[924]</a> 'The night came on while we had yet a great part of the way to go,
+    though not so dark but that we could discern the cataracts which poured
+    down the hills on one side, and fell into one general channel, that ran
+    with great violence on the other. The wind was loud, the rain was heavy,
+    and the whistling of the blast, the fall of the shower, the rush of the
+    cataracts, and the roar of the torrent, made a nobler chorus of the
+    rough musick of nature than it had ever been my chance to hear before.'
+    Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 155. He wrote to Mrs. Thrale:&mdash;'All the rougher
+    powers of nature except thunder were in motion, but there was no danger.
+    I should have been sorry to have missed any of the inconveniencies, to
+    have had more light or less rain, for their co-operation crowded the
+    scene and filled the mind.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 177.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-925">[925]</a> I never tasted whiskey except once for experiment at the inn in
+    Inverary, when I thought it preferable to any English malt brandy. It
+    was strong, but not pungent, and was free from the empyreumatick taste
+    or smell. What was the process I had no opportunity of inquiring, nor do
+    I wish to improve the art of making poison pleasant.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>,
+    ix. 52. Smollett, medical man though he was, looked upon whisky as
+    anything but poison. 'I am told that it is given with great success to
+    infants, as a cordial in the confluent small-pox.' <i>Humphry Clinker</i>.
+    Letter of Sept. 3.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-926">[926]</a> <i>Regale</i> in this sense is not in Johnson's <i>Dictionary</i>. It was,
+    however, a favourite word at this time. Thus, Mrs. Piozzi, in her
+    <i>Journey through France</i>, ii. 297, says:&mdash;'A large dish of hot chocolate
+    thickened with bread and cream is a common afternoon's regale here.'
+    Miss Burney often uses the word.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-927">[927]</a> Boswell, in answering Garrick's letter seven months later,
+    improved on this comparison. 'It was,' he writes, 'a pine-apple of the
+    finest flavour, which had a high zest indeed among the heath-covered
+    mountains of Scotia.' <i>Garrick Corres</i>. i. 621.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-928">[928]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 115.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-929">[929]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 97.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-930">[930]</a> 'Though Birnam wood be come to Dunsinane.' <i>Macbeth</i>, act v. sc. 8.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-931">[931]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'From his first entrance to the closing scene
+      Let him one equal character maintain.'
+
+			FRANCIS. Horace, <i>Ars Poet.</i> l. 126.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-932">[932]</a> I took the liberty of giving this familiar appellation to my
+    celebrated friend, to bring in a more lively manner to his remembrance
+    the period when he was Dr. Johnson's pupil. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-933">[933]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 129.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-934">[934]</a> Boswell is here quoting the Preface to the third edition of his
+    <i>Corsica</i>:&mdash;'Whatever clouds may overcast my days, I can now walk here
+    among the rocks and woods of my ancestors, with an agreeable
+    consciousness that I have done something worthy.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-935">[935]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 148, and <i>post</i>, Nov. 21.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-936">[936]</a> I have suppressed my friend's name from an apprehension of
+    wounding his sensibility; but I would not withhold from my readers a
+    passage which shews Mr. Garrick's mode of writing as the Manager of a
+    Theatre, and contains a pleasing trait of his domestick life. His
+    judgment of dramatick pieces, so far as concerns their exhibition on the
+    stage, must be allowed to have considerable weight. But from the effect
+    which a perusal of the tragedy here condemned had upon myself, and from
+    the opinions of some eminent criticks, I venture to pronounce that it
+    has much poetical merit; and its authour has distinguished himself by
+    several performances which shew that the epithet <i>poetaster</i> was, in the
+    present instance, much misapplied. BOSWELL. Johnson mentioned this
+    quarrel between Garrick and the poet on March 25, 1773 (<i>Piozzi
+    Letters</i>, i. 80). 'M&mdash;&mdash; is preparing a whole pamphlet against G&mdash;&mdash;,
+    and G&mdash;&mdash; is, I suppose, collecting materials to confute M&mdash;&mdash;.' M&mdash;&mdash;
+    was Mickle, the translator of the <i>Lusiad</i> and author of the <i>Ballad of
+    Cumnor Hall</i> (<i>ante</i>, ii. 182). Had it not been for this 'poetaster,'
+    <i>Kenilworth</i> might never have been written. Scott, in the preface, tells
+    how 'the first stanza of <i>Cunmor Hall</i> had a peculiar species of
+    enchantment for his youthful ear, the force of which is not even now
+    entirely spent.' The play that was refused was the <i>Siege of
+    Marseilles</i>. Ever since the success of Hughes's <i>Siege of Damascus</i> 'a
+    siege had become a popular title' (<i>ante</i>, iii. 259, note 1).
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-937">[937]</a> She could only have been away for the day; for in 1776 Garrick
+    wrote:&mdash;'As I have not left Mrs. Garrick one day since we were married,
+    near twenty-eight years, I cannot now leave her.' <i>Garrick Corres</i>.
+    ii. 150.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-938">[938]</a> Dr. Morell once entered the school-room at Winchester College, 'in
+    which some junior boys were writing their exercises, one of whom, struck
+    no less with his air and manner than with the questions he put to them,
+    whispered to his school-fellows, "Is he not a fine old Grecian?" The
+    Doctor, overhearing this, turned hastily round and exclaimed, "I am
+    indeed an old Grecian, my little man. Did you never see my head before
+    my Thesaurus?"' The Praepostors, learning the dignity of their visitor,
+    in a most respectful manner showed him the College. Wooll's <i>Life of Dr.
+    Warton</i>, p. 329. Mason writing to Horace Walpole about some odes,
+    says:&mdash;'They are so lopped and mangled, that they are worse now than the
+    productions of Handel's poet, Dr. Morell.' Walpole's <i>Letters</i>, v. 420.
+    Morell compiled the words for Handel's <i>Oratorios</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-939">[939]</a> <i>Ante</i>, i. 148.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-940">[940]</a> I doubt whether any other instance can be found of <i>love</i> being
+    sent to Johnson.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-941">[941]</a> The passage begins:&mdash;'A <i>servant</i> or two from a revering distance
+    cast many a wishful look, and condole their honoured master in the
+    language of sighs.' Hervey's <i>Meditations</i>, ed. 1748, i. 40.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-942">[942]</a> <i>Ib</i>. ii. 84.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-943">[943]</a> The <i>Meditation</i> was perhaps partly suggested by Swift's
+    <i>Meditation upon a Broomstick</i>. Swift's <i>Works</i> (1803), iii. 275.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-944">[944]</a> Thomas Burnet of the Charterhouse, in his <i>Sacred Theory of the
+    Earth</i>, ed. 1722, i. 85.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-945">[945]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 476, and ii. 73.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-946">[946]</a> Elizabeth Gunning, celebrated (like her sister, Lady Coventry) for
+    her personal charms, had been previously Duchess of Hamilton, and was
+    mother of Douglas, Duke of Hamilton, the competitor for the Douglas
+    property with the late Lord Douglas: she was, of course, prejudiced
+    against Boswell, who had shewn all the bustling importance of his
+    character in the Douglas cause, and it was said, I know not on what
+    authority, that he headed the mob which broke the windows of some of the
+    judges, and of Lord Auchinleck, his father, in particular. WALTER SCOTT.
+    See <i>ante</i>, ii. 50.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-947">[947]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 408, and ii. 329.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-948">[948]</a> She married the Earl of Derby, and was the great-grandmother of
+    the present Earl. Burke's <i>Peerage</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-949">[949]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 248.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-950">[950]</a> Lord Macaulay's grandfather, Trevelyan's <i>Macaulay</i>, i. 6.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-951">[951]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 118.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-952">[952]</a> On reflection, at the distance of several years, I wonder that my
+    venerable fellow-traveller should have read this passage without
+    censuring my levity. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-953">[953]</a> <i>Ante</i>, p. 151.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-954">[954]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 240.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-955">[955]</a> As this book is now become very scarce, I shall subjoin the title,
+    which is curious:&mdash;The Doctrines of a Middle State between Death and
+    the Resurrection: Of Prayers for the Dead: And the Necessity of
+    Purification; plainly proved from the holy Scriptures, and the Writings
+    of the Fathers of the Primitive Church: and acknowledged by several
+    learned Fathers and Great Divines of the Church of England and others
+    since the Reformation. To which is added, an Appendix concerning the
+    Descent of the Soul of Christ into Hell, while his Body lay in the
+    Grave. Together with the Judgment of the Reverend Dr. Hickes concerning
+    this Book, so far as relates to a Middle State, particular Judgment, and
+    Prayers for the Dead as it appeared in the first Edition. 'And a
+    Manuscript of the Right Reverend Bishop Overall upon the Subject of a
+    Middle State, and never before printed. Also, a Preservative against
+    several of the Errors of the Roman Church, in six small Treatises. By
+    the Honourable Archibald Campbell. Folio, 1721. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-956">[956]</a> The release gained for him by Lord Townshend must have been from
+    his last imprisonment after the accession of George I; for, as Mr.
+    Croker points out, Townshend was not Secretary of State till 1714.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-957">[957]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 286.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-958">[958]</a> He was the grandson of the first Marquis, who was beheaded by
+    Charles II in 1661, and nephew of the ninth Earl, who was beheaded by
+    James II in 1685. Burke's <i>Peerage</i>. He died on June 15, 1744, according
+    to the <i>Gent. Mag.</i> xiv. 339; where he is described as 'the consecrated
+    Archbishop of St. Andrews.' See <i>ante</i>, ii. 216.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-959">[959]</a> George Hickes, 1642-1715. A non-juror, consecrated in 1693
+    suffragan bishop of Thetford by three of the deprived non-juror bishops.
+    Chalmers's <i>Biog. Dict.</i> xvii. 450. Burnet (<i>Hist. of his own Time</i>, iv.
+    303) describes him as 'an ill-tempered man, who was now <a name="note-1712">[1712]</a> at the
+    head of the Jacobite party, and who had in several books promoted a
+    notion, that there was a proper sacrifice made in the Eucharist.'
+    Boswell mentions him, <i>ante</i>, iv. 287.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-960">[960]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 458.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-961">[961]</a> This must be a mistake for <i>He died</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-962">[962]</a> 'It is generally supposed that life is longer in places where
+    there are few opportunities of luxury; but I found no instance here of
+    extraordinary longevity. A cottager grows old over his oaten cakes like
+    a citizen at a turtle feast. He is, indeed, seldom incommoded by
+    corpulence, Poverty preserves him from sinking under the burden of
+    himself, but he escapes no other injury of time.' Johnson's Works,
+    ix. 81.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-963">[963]</a> Lady Lucy Graham, daughter of the second Duke of Montrose, and
+    wife of Mr. Douglas, the successful claimant: she died in 1780, whence
+    Boswell calls her '<i>poor</i> Lady Lucy.' CROKER
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-964">[964]</a> Her first husband was the sixth Duke of Hamilton and Brandon. On
+    his death she refused the Duke of Bridgewater. She was the mother of
+    four dukes&mdash;two of Hamilton and two of Argyle. Her sister married the
+    Earl of Coventry. Walpole's <i>Letters</i>, ii. 259, note. Walpole, writing
+    on Oct. 9, 1791, says that their story was amazing. 'The two beautiful
+    sisters were going on the stage, when they were at once exalted almost
+    as high as they could be, were Countessed and double-Duchessed.' <i>Ib</i>.
+    ix. 358. Their maiden name was Gunning. The Duchess of Argyle was alive
+    when Boswell published his <i>Journal</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-965">[965]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 397, and v. 210. It was Lord Macaulay's
+    grandfather who was thus reprimanded. Mr. Trevelyan remarks (<i>Life of
+    Macaulay</i>, i. 7), 'When we think what well-known ground this [subject]
+    was to Lord Macaulay, it is impossible to suppress a wish that the great
+    talker had been at hand to avenge his grandfather.' The result might
+    well have been, however, that the great talker would have been reduced
+    to silence&mdash;one of those brilliant flashes of silence for which Sydney
+    Smith longed, but longed in vain.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-966">[966]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 264, note 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-967">[967]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 8, for his use of 'O brave!'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-968">[968]</a> Having mentioned, more than once, that my <i>Journal</i> was perused by
+    Dr. Johnson, I think it proper to inform my readers that this is the
+    last paragraph which he read. BOSWELL. He began to read it on August 18
+    (<i>ante</i>, p. 58, note 2).
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-969">[969]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 320.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-970">[970]</a> Act i. sc. 1. The best known passage in <i>Douglas</i> is the speech
+    beginning 'My name is Norval.' Act ii. The play affords a few quotations
+    more or less known, as:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+             'I found myself
+     As women wish to be who love their lords.'
+     Act i.
+
+             'He seldom errs
+     Who thinks the worse he can of womankind.'
+     Act iii.
+
+    'Honour, sole judge and umpire of itself.'
+     Act iv.
+
+    'Unknown I die; no tongue shall speak of me.
+     Some noble spirits, judging by themselves,
+     May yet conjecture what I might have proved,
+     And think life only wanting to my fame.'
+     Act v.
+
+    'An honest guardian, arbitrator just
+     Be thou; thy station deem a sacred trust.
+     With thy good sword maintain thy country's cause;
+     In every action venerate its laws:
+     The lie suborn'd if falsely urg'd to swear,
+     Though torture wait thee, torture firmly bear;
+     To forfeit honour, think the highest shame,
+     And life too dearly bought by loss of fame;
+     Nor to preserve it, with thy virtue give
+     That for which only man should wish to live.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    [<i>Satires</i>, viii. 79.]
+</p>
+<p>
+    For this and the other translations to which no signature is affixed, I
+    am indebted to the friend whose observations are mentioned in the notes,
+    pp. 78 and 399. BOSWELL. Sir Walter Scott says, 'probably Dr. Hugh
+    Blair.' I have little doubt that it was Malone. 'One of the best
+    criticks of our age,' Boswell calls this friend in the other two
+    passages. This was a compliment Boswell was likely to pay to Malone, to
+    whom he dedicated this book. Malone was a versifier. See Prior's
+    <i>Malone</i>, p. 463.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-971">[971]</a> I am sorry that I was unlucky in my quotation. But notwithstanding
+    the acuteness of Dr. Johnson's criticism, and the power of his ridicule,
+    <i>The Tragedy of Douglas</i> sill continues to be generally and deservedly
+    admired. BOSWELL. Johnson's scorn was no doubt returned, for Dr. A.
+    Carlyle (<i>Auto.</i> p. 295) says of Home:&mdash;'as John all his life had a
+    thorough contempt for such as neglected his poetry, he treated all who
+    approved of his works with a partiality which more than approached to
+    flattery.' Carlyle tells (pp. 301-305) how Home started for London with
+    his tragedy in one pocket of his great coat and his clean shirt and
+    night-cap in the other, escorted on setting out by six or seven Merse
+    ministers. 'Garrick, after reading his play, returned it as totally
+    unfit for the stage.' It was brought out first in Edinburgh, and in the
+    year 1757 in Covent Garden, where it had great success. 'This tragedy,'
+    wrote Carlyle forty-five years later, 'still maintains its ground, has
+    been more frequently acted, and is more popular than any tragedy in the
+    English language.' <i>Ib.</i> p. 325. Hannah More recorded in 1786
+    (<i>Memoirs</i>, ii. 22), 'I had a quarrel with Lord Monboddo one night
+    lately. He said <i>Douglas</i> was a better play than Shakespeare could have
+    written. He was angry and I was pert. Lord Mulgrave sat spiriting me up,
+    but kept out of the scrape himself, and Lord Stormont seemed to enjoy
+    the debate, but was shabby enough not to help me out.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-972">[972]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 230, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-973">[973]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 318.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-974">[974]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 54
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-975">[975]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 356.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-976">[976]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 241, note 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-977">[977]</a> As a remarkable instance of his negligence, I remember some years
+    ago to have found lying loose in his study, and without the cover, which
+    contained the address, a letter to him from Lord Thurlow, to whom he had
+    made an application as Chancellor, in behalf of a poor literary friend.
+    It was expressed in such terms of respect for Dr. Johnson, that, in my
+    zeal for his reputation, I remonstrated warmly with him on his strange
+    inattention, and obtained his permission to take a copy of it; by which
+    probably it has been preserved, as the original I have reason to suppose
+    is lost. BOSWELL. See <i>ante</i>, iii. 441.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-978">[978]</a> 'The islets, which court the gazer at a distance, disgust him at
+    his approach, when he finds, instead of soft lawns and shady thickets,
+    nothing more than uncultivated ruggedness.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 156.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-979">[979]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 200, and iv. 179.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-980">[980]</a> In these arguments he says:&mdash;'Reason and truth will prevail at
+    last. The most learned of the Scottish doctors would now gladly admit a
+    form of prayer, if the people would endure it. The zeal or rage of
+    congregations has its different degrees. In some parishes the Lord's
+    Prayer is suffered: in others it is still rejected as a form; and he
+    that should make it part of his supplication would be suspected of
+    heretical pravity.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 102. See <i>ante</i>, p. 121.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-981">[981]</a> 'A very little above the source of the Leven, on the lake, stands
+    the house of Cameron, belonging to Mr. Smollett, so embosomed in an oak
+    wood that we did not see it till we were within fifty yards of the
+    door.' <i>Humphry Clinker</i>, Letter of Aug. 28.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-982">[982]</a> Boswell himself was at times one of 'those absurd visionaries.'
+    <i>Ante</i>, ii. 73.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-983">[983]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 117.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-984">[984]</a> Lord Kames wrote one, which is published in Chambers's <i>Traditions
+    of Edinburgh</i>, ed. 1825, i. 280. In it he bids the traveller to 'indulge
+    the hope of a Monumental Pillar.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-985">[985]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 85; and v. 154.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-986">[986]</a> This address does not offend against the rule that Johnson lays
+    down in his <i>Essay on Epitaphs</i> (<i>Works</i>, v. 263), where he says:&mdash;'It
+    is improper to address the epitaph to the passenger.' The impropriety
+    consists in such an address in a church. He however did break through
+    his rule in his epitaph in Streatham Church on Mr. Thrale, where he
+    says:&mdash;'Abi viator.' <i>Ib.</i> i. 154.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-987">[987]</a> In <i>Humphry Clinker</i> (Letter of Aug. 28), which was published a
+    few months before Smollett's death, is his <i>Ode on Leven-Water</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-988">[988]</a> The epitaph which has been inscribed on the pillar erected on the
+    banks of the Leven, in honour of Dr. Smollett, is as follows. The part
+    which was written by Dr. Johnson, it appears, has been altered; whether
+    for the better, the reader will judge. The alterations are distinguished
+    by Italicks.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Siste viator!
+     Si lepores ingeniique venam benignam,
+     Si morum callidissimum pictorem, Unquam es miratus,
+     Immorare paululum memoriae
+     TOBIAE SMOLLET, M.D.
+     Viri virtutibus <i>hisce</i>
+     Quas in homine et cive
+     Et laudes et imiteris,
+     Haud mediocriter ornati:
+     Qui in literis variis versatus,
+     Postquam felicitate <i>sibi propria</i>
+     Sese posteris commendaverat,
+     Morte acerba raptus
+     Anno aetatis 51,
+     Eheu: quam procul a patria!
+     Prope Liburni portum in Italia, Jacet sepultres.
+     Tali tantoque viro, patrueli suo, Cui in decursu lampada
+     Se potius tradidisse decuit, Hanc Columnam,
+     Amoris, eheu! inane monumentum In ipsis Leviniae ripis,
+     Quas <i>versiculis sub exitu vitae illustratas</i>
+     Primis infans vagitibus personuit, Ponendam curavit
+     JACOBUS SMOLLET de Bonhill. Abi et reminiscere,
+     Hoc quidem honore, Non modo defuncti memoriae,
+     Verum etiam exemplo, prospectum esse;
+     Aliis enim, si modo digni sint,
+     Idem erit virtutis praemium!
+
+     BOSWELL.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-989">[989]</a> Baretti told Malone that, having proposed to teach Johnson
+    Italian, they went over a few stanzas of Ariosto, and Johnson then grew
+    weary. 'Some years afterwards Baretti said he would give him another
+    lesson, but added, "I suppose you have forgotten what we read before."
+    "Who forgets, Sir?" said Johnson, and immediately repeated three or four
+    stanzas of the poem.' Baretti took down the book to see if it had been
+    lately opened, but the leaves were covered with dust. Prior's <i>Malone</i>,
+    p. 160. Johnson had learnt to translate Italian before he knew Baretti.
+    <i>Ante</i>, i. 107, 156. For other instances of his memory, see <i>ante</i>, i.
+    39, 48; iii. 318, note 1; and iv. 103, note 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-990">[990]</a> For sixty-eight days he received no letter&mdash;from August 21
+    (<i>ante</i>, p. 84) to October 28.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-991">[991]</a> Among these professors might possibly have been either Burke or
+    Hume had not a Mr. Clow been the successful competitor in 1751 as the
+    successor to Adam Smith in the chair of Logic. 'Mr. Clow has acquired a
+    curious title to fame, from the greatness of the man to whom he
+    succeeded, and of those over whom he was triumphant.' J.H. Burton's
+    <i>Hume</i>, i. 351.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-992">[992]</a> Dr. Reid, the author of the <i>Inquiry into the Human Mind</i>, had in
+    1763 succeeded Adam Smith as Professor of Moral Philosophy. Dugald
+    Stewart was his pupil the winter before Johnson's visit. Stewart's
+    <i>Reid</i>, ed. 1802, p. 38.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-993">[993]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 186.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-994">[994]</a> Mr. Boswell has chosen to omit, for reasons which will be
+    presently obvious, that Johnson and Adam Smith met at Glasgow; but I
+    have been assured by Professor John Miller that they did so, and that
+    Smith, leaving the party in which he had met Johnson, happened to come
+    to another company <i>where Miller was</i>. Knowing that Smith had been in
+    Johnson's society, they were anxious to know what had passed, and the
+    more so as Dr. Smith's temper seemed much ruffled. At first Smith would
+    only answer, 'He's a brute&mdash;he's a brute;' but on closer examination, it
+    appeared that Johnson no sooner saw Smith than he attacked him for some
+    point of his famous letter on the death of Hume (<i>ante</i>, p. 30). Smith
+    vindicated the truth of his statement. 'What did Johnson say?' was the
+    universal inquiry. 'Why, he said,' replied Smith, with the deepest
+    impression of resentment, 'he said, <i>you lie!</i>' 'And what did you
+    reply?' 'I said, you are a son of a&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;!' On such terms did these two
+    great moralists meet and part, and such was the classical dialogue
+    between two great teachers of philosophy. WALTER SCOTT. This story is
+    erroneous in the particulars of the <i>time, place,</i> and <i>subject</i> of the
+    alleged quarrel; for Hume did not die for [nearly] three years after
+    Johnson's only visit to Glasgow; nor was Smith then there. Johnson,
+    previous to 1763 (see <i>ante</i>, i. 427, and iii. 331), had an altercation
+    with Adam Smith at Mr. Strahan's table. This may have been the
+    foundation of Professor Miller's misrepresentation. But, even <i>then</i>,
+    nothing of this offensive kind could have passed, as, if it had, Smith
+    could certainly not have afterwards solicited admission to the Club of
+    which Johnson was the leader, to which he was admitted 1st Dec. 1775,
+    and where he and Johnson met frequently on civil terms. I, therefore,
+    disbelieve the whole story. CROKER.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-995">[995]</a> 'His appearance,' says Dr. A. Carlyle (<i>Auto</i>. p. 68), 'was that
+    of an ascetic, reduced by fasting and prayer.' See <i>ante</i>, p. 68.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-996">[996]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 27, 279.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-997">[997]</a> See <i>ante,</i> p. 92.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-998">[998]</a> Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale:&mdash;'I was not much pleased with any
+    of the Professors.' <i>Piozzi Letters,</i> i. 199. Mme. D'Arblay says:&mdash;
+    'Whenever Dr. Johnson did not make the charm of conversation he only
+    marred it by his presence, from the general fear he incited, that if he
+    spoke not, he might listen; and that if he listened, he might reprove.'
+    <i>Memoirs of Dr. Burney,</i> ii. 187. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 63
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-999">[999]</a> Boswell has not let us see this caution. When Robertson first came
+    in, 'there began,' we are told, 'some animated dialogue' (<i>ante,</i> p.32).
+    The next day we read that 'he fluently harangued to Dr. Johnson'
+    (<i>ante,</i> p.43).
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1000">[1000]</a> See <i>ante,</i> iii. 366.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1001">[1001]</a> He was Ambassador at Paris in the beginning of the reign of
+    George I., and Commander-in-Chief in 1744. Lord Mahon's <i>England</i>, ed.
+    1836, i. 201 and iii. 275.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1002">[1002]</a> The unwilling gratitude of base mankind. POPE. [<i>Imitations of
+    Horace</i>, 2 <i>Epis</i>. i. 14.] BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1003">[1003]</a> Dr. Franklin (<i>Memoirs</i>, i. 246-253) gives a curious account of
+    Lord Loudoun, who was general in America about the year 1756.
+    'Indecision,' he says, 'was one of the strongest features of his
+    character.' He kept back the packet-boats from day to day because he
+    could not make up his mind to send his despatches. At one time there
+    were three boats waiting, one of which was kept with cargo and
+    passengers on board three months beyond its time. Pitt at length
+    recalled him, because 'he never heard from him, and could not know what
+    he was doing.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1004">[1004]</a> See Chalmers's <i>Biog. Dict.</i> xi. 161 for an account of a
+    controversy about the identity of this writer with an historian of the
+    same name.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1005">[1005]</a> He had paid but little attention to his own rule. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 119.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1006">[1006]</a> 'I believe that for all the castles which I have seen beyond the
+    Tweed, the ruins yet remaining of some one of those which the English
+    built in Wales would supply Materials.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 152.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1007">[1007]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 40, note 4.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1008">[1008]</a> Johnson described her as 'a lady who for many years gave the laws
+    of elegance to Scotland.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 200. Allan Ramsay
+    dedicated to her his <i>Gentle Shepherd</i>, and W. Hamilton, of Bangour,
+    wrote to her verses on the presentation of Ramsay's poem. Hamilton's
+    <i>Poems</i>, p. 23.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1009">[1009]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 66, and iii. 188.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1010">[1010]</a> 'She called Boswell the boy: "yes, Madam," said I, "we will send
+    him to school." "He is already," said she, "in a good school;" and
+    expressed her hope of his improvement. At last night came, and I was
+    sorry to leave her.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 200. See <i>ante</i>, iii. 366.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1011">[1011]</a> See <i>ante</i>, pp. 318, 362.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1012">[1012]</a> Burns, who was in his fifteenth year, was at this time living at
+    Ayr, about twelve miles away. When later on he moved to Mauchline, he
+    and Boswell became much nearer neighbours.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1013">[1013]</a> He had, however, married again. <i>Ante</i>, ii. 140, note I. It is
+    curious that Boswell in this narrative does not mention his step-mother.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+<a name="note-1014">[1014]</a>
+     'Asper
+     Incolumi gravitate jocum tentavit.'
+     'Though rude his mirth, yet laboured to maintain
+     The solemn grandeur of the tragic scene.'
+
+		 FRANCIS. Horace, <i>Ars Poet</i>. l. 221.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1015">[1015]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 65, and v. 97.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1016">[1016]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 163, 241.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1017">[1017]</a> Johnson (<i>Works</i>, vii. 425) says of Addison's dedication of the
+    opera of <i>Rosamond</i> to the Duchess of Marlborough, that 'it was an
+    instance of servile absurdity, to be exceeded only by Joshua Barnes's
+    dedication of a Greek <i>Anacreon</i> to the Duke.' For Barnes see <i>ante</i>,
+    iii. 284, and iv. 19.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1018">[1018]</a> William Baxter, the editor of <i>Anacreon</i>, was the nephew of
+    Richard Baxter, the nonconformist divine.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1019">[1019]</a> He says of Auchinleck (<i>Works</i>, ix. 158) that 'like all the
+    western side of Scotland, it is <i>incommoded</i> by very frequent rain.' 'In
+    all September we had, according to Boswell's register, only one day and
+    a half of fair weather; and in October perhaps not more.' <i>Piozzi
+    Letters</i>, i. 182.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1020">[1020]</a> 'By-the-bye,' wrote Sir Walter Scott, 'I am far from being of the
+    number of those angry Scotsmen who imputed to Johnson's national
+    prejudices all or a great part of the report he has given of our country
+    in his <i>Voyage to the Hebrides</i>. I remember the Highlands ten or twelve
+    years later, and no one can conceive of 'how much that could have been
+    easily remedied travellers had to complain.' <i>Croker Corres</i>. ii. 34
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1021">[1021]</a> 'Of these islands it must be confessed, that they have not many
+    allurements but to the mere lover of naked nature. The inhabitants are
+    thin, provisions are scarce, and desolation and penury give little
+    pleasure.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 153. In an earlier passage (p. 138),
+    in describing a rough ride in Mull, he says:&mdash;'We were now long enough
+    acquainted with hills and heath to have lost the emotion that they once
+    raised, whether pleasing or painful, and had our minds employed only on
+    our own fatigue.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1022">[1022]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 225.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1023">[1023]</a> In like manner Wesley said of Rousseau:&mdash;'Sure a more consummate
+    coxcomb never saw the sun.... He is a cynic all over. So indeed is his
+    brother-infidel, Voltaire; and well-nigh as great a coxcomb.' Wesley's
+    <i>Journal,</i>, ed. 1830, iii. 386.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1024">[1024]</a> This gentleman, though devoted to the study of grammar and
+    dialecticks, was not so absorbed in it as to be without a sense of
+    pleasantry, or to be offended at his favourite topicks being treated
+    lightly. I one day met him in the street, as I was hastening to the
+    House of Lords, and told him, I was sorry I could not stop, being rather
+    too late to attend an appeal of the Duke of Hamilton against Douglas. 'I
+    thought (said he) their contest had been over long ago.' I answered,
+    'The contest concerning Douglas's filiation was over long ago; but the
+    contest now is, who shall have the estate.' Then, assuming the air of
+    'an ancient sage philosopher,' I proceeded thus: 'Were I to <i>predicate</i>
+    concerning him, I should say, the contest formerly was, What <i>is</i> he?
+    The contest now is, What <i>has</i> he?'&mdash;'Right, (replied Mr. Harris,
+    smiling,) you have done with <i>quality</i>, and have got into
+    <i>quantity</i>.' BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1025">[1025]</a> Most likely Sir A. Macdonald. <i>Ante</i>, p. 148.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1026">[1026]</a> Boswell wrote on March 18,1775:&mdash;'Mr. Johnson, when enumerating
+    our Club, observed of some of us, that they talked from books,&mdash;Langton
+    in particular. "Garrick," he said, "would talk from books, if he talked
+    seriously." "<i>I</i>," said he, "do not talk from books; <i>you</i> do not talk
+    from books." This was a compliment to my originality; but I am afraid I
+    have not read books enough to be able to talk from them.' <i>Letters of
+    Boswell</i>, p. 181. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 360, where Johnson said to Boswell:&mdash;
+    'I don't believe you have borrowed from Waller. I wish you would enable
+    yourself to borrow more;' and i. 105, where he described 'a man of a
+    great deal of knowledge of the world, fresh from life, not strained
+    through books.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1027">[1027]</a> 'Lord Auchinleck has built a house of hewn stone, very stately
+    and durable, and has advanced the value of his lands with great
+    tenderness to his tenants. I was, however, less delighted with the
+    elegance of the modern mansion, than with the sullen dignity of the old
+    castle.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 159. 'The house is scarcely yet
+    finished, but very magnificent and very convenient.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>,
+    i. 201. See <i>ante</i>, i. 462.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1028">[1028]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 413, and v. 91.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1029">[1029]</a> The relation, it should seem, was remote even for Scotland. Their
+    common ancestor was Robert Bruce, some sixteen generations back.
+    Boswell's mother's grandmother was a Bruce of the Earl of Kincardine's
+    family, and so also was his father's mother. Rogers's <i>Boswelliana</i>,
+    pp. 4, 5.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1030">[1030]</a> He refers to Johnson's pension, which was given nearly two years
+    after George Ill's accession. <i>Ante</i>, i. 372.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1031">[1031]</a> <i>Ante</i>, p. 51.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1032">[1032]</a> He repeated this advice in 1777. <i>Ante</i>, iii. 207.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1033">[1033]</a> 'Of their black cattle some are without horns, called by the
+    Scots <i>humble</i> cows, as we call a bee, an <i>humble</i> bee, that wants a
+    sting. Whether this difference be specifick, or accidental, though we
+    inquired with great diligence, we could not be informed.' Johnson's
+    <i>Works</i>, ix. 78.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Johnson, in his <i>Dictionary</i>, gives the right derivation of humble-bee,
+    from <i>hum</i> and <i>bee</i>. The word <i>Humble-cow</i> is found in <i>Guy Mannering</i>,
+    ed. 1860, iii. 91:&mdash;'"Of a surety," said Sampson, "I deemed I heard his
+    horse's feet." "That," said John, with a broad grin, "was Grizzel
+    chasing the humble-cow out of the close."'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1034">[1034]</a> 'Even the cattle have not their usual beauty or noble head.'
+    Church and Brodribb's <i>Tacitus</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1035">[1035]</a> 'The peace you seek is here&mdash;where is it not? If your own mind
+    be equal to its lot.' CROKER. Horace, I <i>Epistles</i>, xi. 29.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1036">[1036]</a> Horace, I <i>Epistles</i>, xviii. 112.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1037">[1037]</a> This and the next paragraph are not in the first edition. The
+    paragraph that follows has been altered so as to hide the fact that the
+    minister spoken of was Mr. Dun. Originally it stood:&mdash;'Mr. Dun, though a
+    man of sincere good principles as a presbyterian divine, discovered,'
+    &amp;c. First edition, p. 478.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1038">[1038]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 120.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1039">[1039]</a> Old Lord Auchinleck was an able lawyer, a good scholar, after the
+    manner of Scotland, and highly valued his own advantages as a man of
+    good estate and ancient family; and, moreover, he was a strict
+    presbyterian and Whig of the old Scottish cast. This did not prevent his
+    being a terribly proud aristocrat; and great was the contempt he
+    entertained and expressed for his son James, for the nature of his
+    friendships and the character of the personages of whom he was <i>engoué</i>
+    one after another. 'There's nae hope for Jamie, mon,' he said to a
+    friend. 'Jamie is gaen clean gyte. What do you think, mon? He's done wi'
+    Paoli&mdash;he's off wi' the land-louping scoundrel of a Corsican; and whose
+    tail do you think he has pinned himself to now, mon?' Here the old judge
+    summoned up a sneer of most sovereign contempt. 'A <i>dominie</i>, mon&mdash;an
+    auld dominie: he keeped a schule, and cau'd it an acaadamy.' Probably if
+    this had been reported to Johnson, he would have felt it more galling,
+    for he never much liked to think of that period of his life [<i>ante</i>,
+    i.97, note 2]; it would have aggravated his dislike of Lord Auchinleck's
+    Whiggery and presbyterianism. These the old lord carried to such a
+    height, that once, when a countryman came in to state some justice
+    business, and being required to make his oath, declined to do so before
+    his lordship, because he was not a <i>covenanted</i> magistrate. 'Is that
+    a'your objection, mon?' said the judge; 'come your ways in here, and
+    we'll baith of us tak the solemn league and covenant together.' The oath
+    was accordingly agreed and sworn to by both, and I dare say it was the
+    last time it ever received such homage. It may be surmised how far Lord
+    Auchinleck, such as he is here described, was likely to suit a high Tory
+    and episcopalian like Johnson. As they approached Auchinleck, Boswell
+    conjured Johnson by all the ties of regard, and in requital of the
+    services he had rendered him upon his tour, that he would spare two
+    subjects in tenderness to his father's prejudices; the first related to
+    Sir John Pringle, president of the Royal Society, about whom there was
+    then some dispute current: the second concerned the general question of
+    Whig and Tory. Sir John Pringle, as Boswell says, escaped, but the
+    controversy between Tory and Covenanter raged with great fury, and ended
+    in Johnson's pressing upon the old judge the question, what good
+    Cromwell, of whom he had said something derogatory, had ever done to his
+    country; when, after being much tortured, Lord Auchinleck at last spoke
+    out, 'God, Doctor! he gart kings ken that they had a <i>lith</i> in their
+    neck'&mdash;he taught kings they had a <i>joint</i> in their necks. Jamie then
+    set to mediating between his father and the philosopher, and availing
+    himself of the judge's sense of hospitality, which was punctilious,
+    reduced the debate to more order. WALTER SCOTT. Paoli had visited
+    Auchinleck. Boswell wrote to Garrick on Sept. 18, 1771:&mdash;'I have just
+    been enjoying the very great happiness of a visit from my illustrious
+    friend, Pascal Paoli. He was two nights at Auchinleck, and you may
+    figure the joy of my worthy father and me at seeing the Corsican hero in
+    our romantic groves.' <i>Garrick Corres</i>. i. 436. Johnson was not blind to
+    Cromwell's greatness, for he says (<i>Works</i>, vii. 197), that 'he wanted
+    nothing to raise him to heroick excellence but virtue.' Lord
+    Auchinleck's famous saying had been anticipated by Quin, who, according
+    to Davies (<i>Life of Garrick</i>, ii. 115), had said that 'on a thirtieth of
+    January every king in Europe would rise with a crick in his neck.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1040">[1040]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 252.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1041">[1041]</a> James Durham, born 1622, died 1658, wrote many theological works.
+    Chalmers's <i>Biog. Dict</i>. In the <i>Brit. Mus. Cata</i>. I can find no work by
+    him on the <i>Galatians</i>; Lord Auchinleck's triumph therefore was, it
+    seems, more artful than honest.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1042">[1042]</a> Gray, it should seem, had given the name earlier. His friend
+    Bonstetten says that about the year 1769 he was walking with him, when
+    Gray 'exclaimed with some bitterness, "Look, look, Bonstetten! the great
+    bear! There goes <i>Ursa Major</i>!" This was Johnson. Gray could not abide
+    him.' Sir Egerton Brydges, quoted in Gosse's <i>Gray</i>, iii. 371. For the
+    epithet <i>bear</i> applied to Johnson see <i>ante</i>, ii. 66, 269, note i, and
+    iv. 113, note 2. Boswell wrote on June 19, 1775:&mdash;'My father harps on my
+    going over Scotland with a brute (think, how shockingly erroneous!), and
+    wandering (or some such phrase) to London.' <i>Letters of Boswell</i>,
+    p. 207.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1043">[1043]</a> It is remarkable that Johnson in his <i>Life of Blackmore</i>
+    [<i>Works</i>, viii. 42] calls the imaginary Mr. Johnson of the <i>Lay
+    Monastery</i> 'a constellation of excellence.' CROKER.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1044">[1044]</a> Page 121. BOSWELL. See also <i>ante</i>, iii. 336.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1045">[1045]</a> 'The late Sir Alexander Boswell,' wrote Sir Walter Scott, 'was a
+    proud man, and, like his grandfather, thought that his father lowered
+    himself by his deferential suit and service to Johnson. I have observed
+    he disliked any allusion to the book or to Johnson himself, and I have
+    heard that Johnson's fine picture by Sir Joshua was sent upstairs out of
+    the sitting apartments at Auchinleck.' <i>Croker Corres</i>. ii. 32. This
+    portrait, which was given by Sir Joshua to Boswell (Taylor's <i>Reynolds</i>,
+    i. 147), is now in the possession of Mr. Charles Morrison.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1046">[1046]</a> 'I have always said that first Whig was the devil.' <i>Ante</i>, iii. 326
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1047">[1047]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 26.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1048">[1048]</a> Dr. A. Carlyle (<i>Auto</i>. p. 266) has paid this tribute. 'Lord
+    Elibank,' he writes, 'had a mind that embraced the greatest variety of
+    topics, and produced the most original remarks. ... He had been a
+    lieutenant-colonel in the army and was at the siege of Carthagena, of
+    which he left an elegant account (which I'm afraid is lost). He was a
+    Jacobite, and a member of the famous Cocoa-tree Club, and resigned his
+    commission on some disgust.' Dr. Robertson and John Home were his
+    neighbours in the country, 'who made him change or soften down many of
+    his original opinions, and prepared him for becoming a most agreeable
+    member of the Literary Society of Edinburgh.' Smollett in <i>Humphry
+    Clinker</i> (Letter of July 18), describes him as 'a nobleman whom I have
+    long revered for his humanity and universal intelligence, over and above
+    the entertainment arising from the originality of his character.'
+    Boswell, in the <i>London Mag.</i> 1779, p. 179, thus mentions the Cocoa-tree
+    Club:&mdash;'But even at Court, though I see much external obeisance, I do
+    not find congenial sentiments to warm my heart; and except when I have
+    the conversation of a very few select friends, I am never so well as
+    when I sit down to a dish of coffee in the Cocoa Tree, sacred of old to
+    loyalty, look round me to men of ancient families, and please myself
+    with the consolatory thought that there is perhaps more good in the
+    nation than I know.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1049">[1049]</a> Johnson's <i>Works</i>, vii. 380. See <i>ante</i>, i. 81.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1050">[1050]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 53.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1051">[1051]</a> The Mitre tavern. <i>Ante</i>, i. 425.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1052">[1052]</a> Of this Earl of Kelly Boswell records the following pun:&mdash;'At a
+    dinner at Mr. Crosbie's, when the company were very merry, the Rev. Dr.
+    Webster told them he was sorry to go away so early, but was obliged to
+    catch the tide, to cross the Firth of Forth. "Better stay a little,"
+    said Thomas Earl of Kelly, "till you be half-seas over."' Rogers's
+    <i>Boswelliana</i>, p. 325.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1053">[1053]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 354.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1054">[1054]</a> In the first edition, <i>and his son the advocate</i>. Under this son,
+    A. F. Tytler, afterwards a Lord of Session by the title of Lord
+    Woodhouselee, Scott studied history at Edinburgh College. Lockhart's
+    <i>Scott</i>, ed. 1839, i. 59, 278.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1055">[1055]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 396, and ii. 296.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1056">[1056]</a> 'If we know little of the ancient Highlanders, let us not fill
+    the vacuity with Ossian. If we have not searched the Magellanick
+    regions, let us however forbear to people them with Patagons.' Johnson's
+    <i>Works</i>, ix. 116. Horace Walpole wrote on May 22, 1766 (<i>Letters</i>, iv.
+    500):&mdash;'Oh! but we have discovered a race of giants! Captain Byron has
+    found a nation of Brobdignags on the coast of Patagonia; the inhabitants
+    on foot taller than he and his men on horseback. I don't indeed know how
+    he and his sailors came to be riding in the South Seas. However, it is a
+    terrible blow to the Irish, for I suppose all our dowagers now will be
+    for marrying Patagonians.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1057">[1057]</a> I desire not to be understood as agreeing <i>entirely</i> with the
+    opinions of Dr. Johnson, which I relate without any remark. The many
+    imitations, however, of <i>Fingal</i>, that have been published, confirm this
+    observation in a considerable degree. BOSWELL. Johnson said to Sir
+    Joshua of Ossian:&mdash;'Sir, a man might write such stuff for ever, if he
+    would <i>abandon</i> his mind to it.' <i>Ante</i>, iv. 183.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1058">[1058]</a> In the first edition (p. 485) this paragraph ran thus:&mdash;'Young
+    Mr. Tytler stepped briskly forward, and said, "<i>Fingal</i> is certainly
+    genuine; for I have heard a great part of it repeated in the
+    original."&mdash;Dr. Johnson indignantly asked him, "Sir, do you understand
+    the original?"&mdash;<i>Tytler</i>. "No, Sir."&mdash;<i>Johnson</i>. "Why, then, we see to
+    what this testimony comes:&mdash;Thus it is."&mdash;He afterwards said to me, "Did
+    you observe the wonderful confidence with which young Tytler advanced,
+    with his front already <i>brased</i>?"'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1059">[1059]</a> For <i>in company</i> we should perhaps read <i>in the company</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1060">[1060]</a> In the first edition, <i>this gentleman's talents and integrity
+    are</i>, &amp;c.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1061">[1061]</a> 'A Scotchman must be a very sturdy moralist who does not love
+    Scotland better than truth: he will always love it better than inquiry;
+    and if falsehood flatters his vanity, will not be very diligent to
+    detect it.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 116. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 311.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1062">[1062]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 164.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1063">[1063]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 242.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1064">[1064]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 253.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1065">[1065]</a> Lord Chief Baron Geoffrey Gilbert published in 1760 a book on the
+    Law of Evidence.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1066">[1066]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 302.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1067">[1067]</a> Three instances, <i>ante</i>, pp. 160, 320.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1068">[1068]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 318.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1069">[1069]</a> An instance is given in Sacheverell's <i>Account of the Isle of
+    Man</i>, ed. 1702, p. 14.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1070">[1070]</a> Mr. J. T. Clark, the Keeper of the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh,
+    obligingly informs me that in the margin of the copy of Boswell's
+    <i>Journal</i> in that Library it is stated that this cause was <i>Wilson
+    versus Maclean</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1071">[1071]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 74, note 3.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1072">[1072]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii 69, 183.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1073">[1073]</a> He is described in <i>Guy Mannering</i>, ed. 1860, iv. 98.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1074">[1074]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 50.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1075">[1075]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 458.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1076">[1076]</a> 'We now observe that the Methodists, where they scatter their
+    opinions, represent themselves as preaching the Gospel to unconverted
+    nations; and enthusiasts of all kinds have been inclined to disguise
+    their particular tenets with pompous appellations, and to imagine
+    themselves the great instruments of salvation.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>,
+    vi. 417.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1077">[1077]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Through various hazards and events we move.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Dryden, [<i>Aeneid</i>, I. 204]. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1078">[1078]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Long labours both by sea and land he bore.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Dryden, [<i>Aeneid</i>, I. 3]. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1079">[1079]</a> The Jesuits, headed by Francis Xavier, made their appearance in
+    Japan in 1549. The first persecution was in 1587; it was followed by
+    others in 1590, 1597, 1637, 1638. <i>Encyclo. Brit</i>. 8th edit. xii. 697.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1080">[1080]</a> 'They congratulate our return as if we had been with Phipps or
+    Banks; I am ashamed of their salutations.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 203.
+    Phipps had gone this year to the Arctic Ocean (<i>ante</i>, p. 236), and
+    Banks had accompanied Captain Cook in 1768-1771. Johnson says however
+    (<i>Works</i>, ix. 84), that 'to the southern inhabitants of Scotland the
+    state of the mountains and the islands is equally unknown with that of
+    Borneo or Sumatra.' See <i>ante</i>, p. 283, note 1, where Scott says that
+    'the whole expedition was highly perilous.' Smollett, in <i>Humphry
+    Clinker</i> (Letter of July 18), says of Scotland in general:&mdash;'The people
+    at the other end of the island know as little of Scotland as of Japan.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1081">[1081]</a> In sailing from Sky to Col. <i>Ante</i>, p. 280.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1082">[1082]</a> Johnson, four years later, suggested to Boswell that he should
+    write this history. <i>Ante</i>, iii. 162, 414.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1083">[1083]</a> Voltaire was born in 1694; his <i>Louis XIV.</i> was published in 1751
+    or 1752.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1084">[1084]</a> A society for debate in Edinburgh, consisting of the most eminent
+    men. BOSWELL. It was founded in 1754 by Allan Ramsay the painter, aided
+    by Robertson, Hume, and Smith. Dugald Stewart (<i>Life of Robertson</i>, ed.
+    1802, p. 5) says that 'it subsisted in vigour for six or seven years'
+    and produced debates, such as have not often been heard in modern
+    assemblies.' See also Dr. A. Carlyle's <i>Auto</i>. p. 297.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1085">[1085]</a> 'As for Maclaurin's imitation of a <i>made dish</i>, it was a wretched
+    attempt.' <i>Ante,</i> i. 469.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1086">[1086]</a> It was of Lord Elibank's French cook 'that he exclaimed with
+    vehemence, "I'd throw such a rascal into the river."'<i>Ib.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1087">[1087]</a> 'He praised <i>Gordon's palates</i> with a warmth of expression which
+    might have done honour to more important subjects.' <i>Ib.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1088">[1088]</a> For the alarm he gave to Mrs. Boswell before this supper, see
+    <i>ib.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1089">[1089]</a> On Dr. Boswell's death, in 1780, Boswell wrote of him:&mdash;'He was a
+    very good scholar, knew a great many things, had an elegant taste, and
+    was very affectionate; but he had no conduct. His money was all gone.
+    And do you know he was not confined to one woman. He had a strange kind
+    of religion; but I flatter myself he will be ere long, if he is not
+    already, in Heaven.' <i>Letters of Boswell</i>, p. 258.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1090">[1090]</a> Johnson had written the <i>Life</i> of 'the great Boerhaave,' as he
+    called him. <i>Works</i>, vi. 292.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1091">[1091]</a> 'At Edinburgh,' he wrote, 'I passed some days with men of
+    learning, whose names want no advancement from my commemoration, or with
+    women of elegance, which, perhaps, disclaims a pedant's praise.'
+    Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 159.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1092">[1092]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 178.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1093">[1093]</a> 'My acquaintance,' wrote Richardson (<i>Corres</i>. iv. 317), 'lies
+    chiefly among the ladies; I care not who knows it.' Mrs. Piozzi, in a
+    marginal note on her own copy of the <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, says:&mdash;'Dr.
+    Johnson said, that if Mr. Richardson had lived till <i>I</i> came out, my
+    praises would have added two or three years to his life. "For," says Dr.
+    Johnson, "that fellow died merely from want of change among his
+    flatterers: he perished for want of <i>more</i>, like a man obliged to
+    breathe the same air till it is exhausted."' Hayward's <i>Piozzi</i>, i. 311.
+    In her <i>Journey</i>, i. 265, she says:&mdash;'Richardson had seen little, and
+    Johnson has often told me that he had read little.' See <i>ante</i>, iv. 28.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1094">[1094]</a> He may live like a gentleman, but he must not 'call himself
+    <i>Farmer</i>, and go about with a little round hat.' <i>Ante</i>, p. 111.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1095">[1095]</a> Boswell italicises this word, I think, because Johnson objected
+    to the misuse of it. '"Sir," said Mr. Edwards, "I remember you would not
+    let us say <i>prodigious</i> at college."' <i>Ante</i>, iii. 303.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1096">[1096]</a> As I have been scrupulously exact in relating anecdotes
+    concerning other persons, I shall not withhold any part of this story,
+    however ludicrous.&mdash;I was so successful in this boyish frolick, that the
+    universal cry of the galleries was, '<i>Encore</i> the cow! <i>Encore</i> the
+    cow!' In the pride of my heart, I attempted imitations of some other
+    animals, but with very inferior effect. My reverend friend, anxious for
+    my <i>fame</i>, with an air of the utmost gravity and earnestness, addressed
+    me thus: 'My dear sir, I would <i>confine</i> myself to the <i>cow</i>.' BOSWELL.
+    Blair's advice was expressed more emphatically, and with a peculiar
+    <i>burr</i>&mdash;'<i>Stick to the cow</i>, mon.' WALTER SCOTT. Boswell's record, which
+    moreover is far more humorous, is much more trustworthy than Scott's
+    tradition.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1097">[1097]</a> Mme. de Sévigné in describing a death wrote:&mdash;'Cela nous fit voir
+    qu'on joue long-temps la comédie, et qu'à la mort on dit la vérité.'
+    Letter of June 24, 1672. Addison says:&mdash;'The end of a man's life is
+    often compared to the winding up of a well-written play, where the
+    principal persons still act in character, whatever the fate is which
+    they undergo.... That innocent mirth which had been so conspicuous in
+    Sir Thomas More's life did not forsake him to the last. His death was of
+    a piece with his life. There was nothing in it new, forced, or
+    affected.' <i>The Spectator</i>, No. 349. Young also thought, or at least,
+    wrote differently.
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'A death-bed's a detector of the heart.
+      Here tired dissimulation drops her mask.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>Night Thoughts, ii.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    '"Mirabeau dramatized his death" was the happy expression of the Bishop
+    of Autun (Talleyrand).' Dumont's <i>Mirabeau</i>, p. 251. See <i>ante</i>,
+    iii. 154.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1098">[1098]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 408, 447; and ii. 219, 329.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1099">[1099]</a> Dr. A. Carlyle (<i>Auto</i>. p. 291) says of Blair's conversation that
+    'it was so infantine that many people thought it impossible, at first
+    sight, that he could be a man of sense or genius. He was as eager about
+    a new paper to his wife's drawing-room, or his own new wig, as about a
+    new tragedy or a new epic poem.' He adds, that he was 'capable of the
+    most profound conversation, when circumstances led to it. He had not the
+    least desire to shine, but was delighted beyond measure to shew other
+    people in their best guise to his friends. "Did not I shew you the lion
+    well to-day?" used he to say after the exhibition of a remarkable
+    stranger.' He had no wit, and for humour hardly a relish. Robertson's
+    reputation for wisdom may have been easily won. Dr. A. Carlyle says
+    (<i>ib</i>. p. 287):&mdash;'Robertson's translations and paraphrases on other
+    people's thoughts were so beautiful and so harmless that I never saw
+    anybody lay claim to their own.' He may have flattered Johnson by
+    dexterously echoing his sentiments.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1100">[1100]</a> In the <i>Marmor Norfolciense (ante</i>, i. 141) Johnson says:&mdash;'I
+    know that the knowledge of the alphabet is so disreputable among these
+    gentlemen [of the army], that those who have by ill-fortune formerly
+    been taught it have partly forgot it by disuse, and partly concealed it
+    from the world, to avoid the railleries and insults to which their
+    education might make them liable.' Johnson's <i>Works,</i> vi. III. See
+    <i>ante</i>, iii. 265.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1101">[1101]</a> 'One of the young ladies had her slate before her, on which I
+    wrote a question consisting of three figures to be multiplied by two
+    figures. She looked upon it, and quivering her fingers in a manner which
+    I thought very pretty, but of which I knew not whether it was art or
+    play, multiplied the sum regularly in two lines, observing the decimal
+    place; but did not add the two lines together, probably disdaining so
+    easy an operation.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 161.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1102">[1102]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Words gigantic.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    FRANCIS. Horace, <i>Ars Poet.</i>. 1. 97.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1103">[1103]</a> One of the best criticks of our age 'does not wish to prevent the
+    admirers of the incorrect and nerveless style which generally prevailed
+    for a century before Dr. Johnson's energetick writings were known, from
+    enjoying the laugh that this story may produce, in which he is very
+    ready to join them.' He, however, requests me to observe, that 'my
+    friend very properly chose a <i>long</i> word on this occasion, not, it is
+    believed, from any predilection for polysyllables, (though he certainly
+    had a due respect for them,) but in order to put Mr. Braidwood's skill
+    to the strictest test, and to try the efficacy of his instruction by the
+    most difficult exertion of the organs of his pupils.' BOSWELL. 'One of
+    the best critics of our age' is, I believe, Malone. See <i>ante</i>, p.
+    78, note 5.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1104">[1104]</a> It was here that Lord Auchinleck called him <i>Ursa Major. Ante</i>,
+    p. 384.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1105">[1105]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 266, and v. 20, where 'Mr. Crosbie said that the
+    English are better animals than the Scots.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1106">[1106]</a> Johnson himself had laughed at them (<i>ante</i>, ii. 210) and accused
+    them of foppery (<i>ante</i>, ii. 237).
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1107">[1107]</a> Johnson said, 'I never think I have hit hard, unless it rebounds
+    (<i>ante</i>, ii. 335), and, 'I would rather be attacked than unnoticed'
+    (<i>ante</i>, iii. 375). When he was told of a caricature 'of the nine muses
+    flogging him round Parnassus,' he said, 'Sir, I am very glad to hear
+    this. I hope the day will never arrive when I shall neither be the
+    object of calumny or ridicule, for then I shall be neglected and
+    forgotten.' Croker's <i>Boswell</i>, p. 837. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 61, and pp. 174,
+    273. 'There was much laughter when M. de Lesseps mentioned that on his
+    first visit to England the publisher who brought out the report of his
+    meeting charged, as the first item of his bill, "£50 for attacking the
+    book in order to make it succeed." "Since then," observed M. de Lesseps,
+    "I have been attacked gratuitously, and have got on without paying."'
+    The Times, Feb. 19, 1884.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1108">[1108]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'To wing my flight to fame.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    DRYDEN. Virgil, <i>Georgics</i>, iii. 9.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1109">[1109]</a> On Nov. 12 he wrote to Mrs. Thrale:&mdash;'We came hither (to
+    Edinburgh) on the ninth of this month. I long to come under your care,
+    but for some days cannot decently get away.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 202.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1110">[1110]</a> He would have been astonished had he known that a few miles from
+    Edinburgh he had passed through two villages of serfs. The coal-hewers
+    and salt-makers of Tranent and Preston-Pans were still sold with the
+    soil. 'In Scotland domestic slavery is unknown, except so far as regards
+    the coal-hewers and salt-makers, whose condition, it must be confessed,
+    bears some resemblance to slavery; because all who have once acted in
+    either of the capacities are compellable to serve, and fixed to their
+    respective places of employment during life.' Hargrave's <i>Argument in
+    the case of James Sommersett</i>, 1772. Had Johnson known this he might
+    have given as his toast when in company with some very grave men at
+    <i>Edinburgh</i>:&mdash;'Here's to the next insurrection of the slaves in
+    <i>Scotland</i>.' <i>Ante</i>, iii. 200.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1111">[1111]</a> The year following in the House of Commons he railed at the
+    London booksellers, 'who, he positively asserted, entirely governed the
+    newspapers.' 'For his part,' he added, 'he had ordered that no English
+    newspaper should come within his doors for three months.' <i>Parl. Hist</i>.
+    xvii. 1090.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1112">[1112]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 373.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1113">[1113]</a> 'At the latter end of 1630 Ben Jonson went on foot into Scotland,
+    on purpose to visit Drummond. His adventures in this journey he wrought
+    into a poem; but that copy, with many other pieces, was accidentally
+    burned.' Whalley's <i>Ben Jonson</i>, Preface, p. xlvi.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1114">[1114]</a> Perhaps the same woman showed the chapel who was there 29 years
+    later, when Scott visited it. One of his friends 'hoped that they might,
+    as habitual visitors, escape hearing the usual endless story of the
+    silly old woman that showed the ruins'; but Scott answered, 'There is a
+    pleasure in the song which none but the songstress knows, and by telling
+    her we know it all ready we should make the poor devil unhappy.'
+    Lockharts <i>Scott</i>, ed. 1839, ii. 106.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1115">[1115]</a> <i> O rare Ben Jonson</i> is on Jonson's tomb in Westminster Abbey.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1116">[1116]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 365.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1117">[1117]</a> 'Essex was at that time confined to the same chamber of the Tower
+    from which his father Lord Capel had been led to death, and in which his
+    wife's grandfather had inflicted a voluntary death upon himself. When he
+    saw his friend carried to what he reckoned certain fate, their common
+    enemies enjoying the spectacle, and reflected that it was he who had
+    forced Lord Howard upon the confidence of Russel, he retired, and, by a
+    <i>Roman death</i>, put an end to his misery.' Dalrymple's <i>Memoirs of Great
+    Britain and Ireland</i>, vol. i. p. 36. BOSWELL. In the original after 'his
+    wife's grandfather,' is added 'Lord Northumberland.' It was his wife's
+    great-grandfather, the eighth Earl of Northumberland. He killed himself
+    in 1585. Burke's <i>Peerage</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1118">[1118]</a> Dr. A. Carlyle (<i>Auto</i>. p. 293) says of Robertson and
+    Blair:&mdash;'Having been bred at a time when the common people thought to
+    play with cards or dice was a sin, and everybody thought it an indecorum
+    in clergymen, they could neither of them play at golf or bowls, and far
+    less at cards or backgammon, and on that account were very unhappy when
+    from home in friends' houses in the country in rainy weather. As I had
+    set the first example of playing at cards at home with unlocked door
+    [Carlyle was a minister], and so relieved the clergy from ridicule on
+    that side, they both learned to play at whist after they were sixty.'
+    See <i>ante</i>, iii. 23.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1119">[1119]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 149, and v. 350.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1120">[1120]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 54.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1121">[1121]</a> He wrote to Boswell on Nov. 16, 1776 (<i>ante</i>, iii. 93):&mdash;'The
+    expedition to the Hebrides was the most pleasant journey that I ever
+    made.' In his <i>Diary</i> he recorded on Jan. 9, 1774:&mdash;'In the autumn I
+    took a journey to the Hebrides, but my mind was not free from
+    perturbation.' <i>Pr. and Med.</i> p. 136. The following letter to Dr. Taylor
+    I have copied from the original in the possession of my friend Mr. M. M.
+    Holloway:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+    'DEAR SIR,
+</center>
+<p>
+    'When I was at Edinburgh I had a letter from you, telling me that in
+    answer to some enquiry you were informed that I was in the Sky. I was
+    then I suppose in the western islands of Scotland; I set out on the
+    northern expedition August 6, and came back to Fleet-street, November
+    26. I have seen a new region.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I have been upon seven of the islands, and probably should have visited
+    many more, had we not begun our journey so late in the year, that the
+    stormy weather came upon us, and the storms have I believe for about
+    five months hardly any intermission.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Your Letter told me that you were better. When you write do not forget
+    to confirm that account. I had very little ill health while I was on the
+    journey, and bore rain and wind tolerably well. I had a cold and
+    deafness only for a few days, and those days I passed at a good house. I
+    have traversed the east coast of Scotland from south to north from
+    Edinburgh to Inverness, and the west coast from north to south, from the
+    Highlands to Glasgow, and am come back as I went,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Sir,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Your affectionate humble servant,
+</p>
+<center>
+    'SAM. JOHNSON.'
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Jan. 15, 1774.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'To the Reverend Dr. Taylor,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'in Ashbourn,
+</p>
+<p>
+    'Derbyshire.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1122">[1122]</a> Johnson speaking of this tour on April 10, 1783, said:&mdash;'I got an
+    acquisition of more ideas by it than by anything that I remember.'
+    <i>Ante</i>, iv. 199.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1123">[1123]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 48.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1124">[1124]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 408, 443, note 2, and ii. 303.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1125">[1125]</a> 'It may be doubted whether before the Union any man between
+    Edinburgh and England had ever set a tree.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 8.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1126">[1126]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 69.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1127">[1127]</a> Lord Balmerino's estate was forfeited to the Crown on his
+    conviction for high treason in 1746 (<i>ante</i>, i. 180).
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1128">[1128]</a> 'I know not that I ever heard the wind so loud in any other
+    place; and Mr. Boswell observed that its noise was all its own, for
+    there were no trees to increase it.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 122. See
+    <i>ante</i>, p. 304.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1129">[1129]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 300.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1130">[1130]</a> 'Strong reasons for incredulity will readily occur. This faculty
+    of seeing things out of sight is local and commonly useless. It is a
+    breach of the common order of things, without any visible reason or
+    perceptible benefit.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 106.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1131">[1131]</a> 'To the confidence of these objections it may be replied... that
+    second sight is only wonderful because it is rare, for, considered in
+    itself, it involves no more difficulty than dreams.' <i>Ib.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1132">[1132]</a> The fossilist of last century is the geologist of this. Neither
+    term is in Johnson's <i>Dictionary</i>, but Johnson in his <i>Journey (Works</i>,
+    ix. 43) speaks of 'Mr. Janes the fossilist.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1133">[1133]</a> <i>Ib</i>. p. 157.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1134">[1134]</a> <i>Ib</i>. p. 6. I do not see anything silly in the story. It is
+    however better told in a letter to Mrs. Thrale. <i>Piozzi Letters</i>,
+    i. 112.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1135">[1135]</a> Mr. Orme, one of the ablest historians of this age, is of the
+    same opinion. He said to me, 'There are in that book thoughts, which, by
+    long revolution in the great mind of Johnson, have been formed and
+    polished&mdash;like pebbles rolled in the ocean.' BOSWELL. See <i>ante</i>, ii.
+    300, and iii. 284.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1136">[1136]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 301.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1137">[1137]</a> Johnson (<i>Works</i>, ix. 158) mentions 'a national combination so
+    invidious that their friends cannot defend it.' See <i>ante</i>, ii. 307, 311.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1138">[1138]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 269, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1139">[1139]</a> Every reader will, I am sure, join with me in warm admiration of
+    the truly patriotic writer of this letter. I know not which most to
+    applaud&mdash;that good sense and liberality of mind, which could see and
+    admit the defects of his native country, to which no man is a more
+    zealous friend:&mdash;or that candour, which induced him to give just praise
+    to the minister whom he honestly and strenuously opposed. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1140">[1140]</a> The original MS. is now in my possession. BOSWELL.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1141">[1141]</a> The passage that gave offence was as follows:&mdash;'Mr. Macleod is
+    the proprietor of the islands of Raasay, Rona, and Fladda, and possesses
+    an extensive district in Sky. The estate has not during four hundred
+    years gained or lost a single acre. He acknowledges Macleod of Dunvegan
+    as his chief, though his ancestors have formerly disputed the
+    pre-eminence.' First edition, p. 132. The second edition was not
+    published till the year after Johnson's death. In it the passage remains
+    unchanged. To it the following note was prefixed: 'Strand, Oct. 26,
+    1785. Since this work was printed off, the publisher, having been
+    informed that the author some years ago had promised the Laird of Raasay
+    to correct in a future edition a passage concerning him, thinks it a
+    justice due to that gentleman to insert here the advertisement relative
+    to this matter, which was published by Dr. Johnson's desire in the
+    Edinburgh newspapers in the year 1775, and which has been lately
+    reprinted in Mr. Boswell's <i>Tour to the Hebrides</i>.' (It is not unlikely
+    that the publication of Boswell's <i>Tour</i> occasioned a fresh demand for
+    Johnson's <i>Journey</i>.) In later editions all the words after 'a single
+    acre' are silently struck out. Johnson's <i>Works</i>, ix. 55. See
+    <i>ante</i>, ii. 382.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1142">[1142]</a> Rasay was highly gratified, and afterwards visited and dined with
+    Dr. Johnson at his house in London. BOSWELL. Johnson wrote on May 12,
+    1775:&mdash;'I have offended; and what is stranger, have justly offended, the
+    nation of Rasay. If they could come hither, they would be as fierce as
+    the Americans. <i>Rasay</i> has written to Boswell an account of the injury
+    done him by representing his house as subordinate to that of Dunvegan.
+    Boswell has his letter, and, I believe, copied my answer. I have
+    appeased him, if a degraded chief can possibly be appeased: but it will
+    be thirteen days&mdash;days of resentment and discontent&mdash;before my
+    recantation can reach him. Many a dirk will imagination, during that
+    interval, fix in my heart. I really question if at this time my life
+    would not be in danger, if distance did not secure it. Boswell will find
+    his way to Streatham before he goes, and will detail this great affair.'
+    <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 216.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1143">[1143]</a> In like manner he communicated to Sir William Forbes part of his
+    journal from which he made the <i>Life of Johnson</i>. <i>Ante</i>, iii. 208.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1144">[1144]</a> In justice both to Sir William Forbes, and myself, it is proper
+    to mention, that the papers which were submitted to his perusal
+    contained only an account of our Tour from the time that Dr. Johnson and
+    I set out from Edinburgh (p. 58), and consequently did not contain the
+    elogium on Sir William Forbes, (p. 24), which he never saw till this
+    book appeared in print; nor did he even know, when he wrote the above
+    letter, that this <i>Journal</i> was to be published. BOSWELL. This note is
+    not in the first edition.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1145">[1145]</a> <i>Hamlet</i>, act iii. sc. 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1146">[1146]</a> Both <i>Nonpareil</i> and <i>Bon Chretien</i> are in Johnson's
+    <i>Dictionary</i>; <i>Nonpareil</i>, is defined as <i>a kind of apple</i>, and <i>Bon
+    Chretien</i> as <i>a species of pear</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1147">[1147]</a> See <i>ante</i>, p. 311.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1148">[1148]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 9.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1149">[1149]</a> 'Dryden's contemporaries, however they reverenced his genius,
+    left his life unwritten; and nothing therefore can be known beyond what
+    casual mention and uncertain tradition have supplied.' Johnson's
+    <i>Works</i>, vii. 245. See <i>ante</i>, iii. 71.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1150">[1150]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Before great Agamemnon reign'd
+      Reign'd kings as great as he, and brave
+      Whose huge ambition's now contain'd
+      In the small compass of a grave;
+      In endless night they sleep, unwept, unknown,
+      No bard had they to make all time their own.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    FRANCIS. Horace, <i>Odes</i>, iv. 9. 25.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1151">[1151]</a> Having found, on a revision of the first edition of this work,
+    that, notwithstanding my best care, a few observations had escaped me,
+    which arose from the instant impression, the publication of which might
+    perhaps be considered as passing the bounds of a strict decorum, I
+    immediately ordered that they should be omitted in the subsequent
+    editions. I was pleased to find that they did not amount in the whole to
+    a page. If any of the same kind are yet left, it is owing to
+    inadvertence alone, no man being more unwilling to give pain to others
+    than I am.
+</p>
+<p>
+    A contemptible scribbler, of whom I have learned no more than that,
+    after having disgraced and deserted the clerical character, he picks up
+    in London a scanty livelihood by scurrilous lampoons under a feigned
+    name, has impudently and falsely asserted that the passages omitted were
+    <i>defamatory</i>, and that the omission was not voluntary, but compulsory.
+    The last insinuation I took the trouble publickly to disprove; yet, like
+    one of Pope's dunces, he persevered in 'the lie o'erthrown.' [<i>Prologue
+    to the Satires</i>, l. 350.] As to the charge of defamation, there is an
+    obvious and certain mode of refuting it. Any person who thinks it worth
+    while to compare one edition with the other, will find that the passages
+    omitted were not in the least degree of that nature, but exactly such as
+    I have represented them in the former part of this note, the hasty
+    effusion of momentary feelings, which the delicacy of politeness should
+    have suppressed. BOSWELL. In the second edition this note ended at the
+    first paragraph, the latter part being added in the third. For the 'few
+    observations omitted' see <i>ante</i>, pp. 148, 381, 388.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The 'contemptible scribbler' was, I believe, John Wolcot, better known
+    by his assumed name of Peter Pindar. He had been a clergyman. In his
+    <i>Epistle to Boswell (Works</i>, i. 219), he says in reference to the
+    passages about Sir A. Macdonald (afterwards Lord Macdonald):&mdash;'A letter
+    of severe remonstrance was sent to Mr. B., who, in consequence, omitted
+    in the second edition of his <i>Journal</i> what is so generally pleasing to
+    the public, viz., the scandalous passages relative to that nobleman.' It
+    was in a letter to the <i>Gent. Mag.</i> 1786, p. 285, that Boswell
+    'publickly disproved the insinuation' made 'in a late scurrilous
+    publication' that these passages 'were omitted in consequence of a
+    letter from his Lordship. Nor was any application,' he continues, 'made
+    to me by the nobleman alluded to at any time to make any alteration in
+    my <i>Journal</i>.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1152">[1152]</a>
+</>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+         'Nothing extenuate
+     Nor set down aught in malice.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>Othello</i>, act v. sc. 2.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1153">[1153]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 189, note 2, 296, 297; and Johnson's <i>Works</i>, v. 23.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1154">[1154]</a> Of his two imitations Boswell means <i>The Vanity of Human Wishes</i>,
+    of which one hundred lines were written in a day. <i>Ante</i>, i. 192,
+    and ii. 15.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1155">[1155]</a> Johnson, it should seem, did not allow that there was any
+    pleasure in writing poetry. 'It has been said there is pleasure in
+    writing, particularly in writing verses. I allow you may have pleasure
+    from writing after it is over, if you have written well; but you don't
+    go willingly to it again.' <i>Ante</i>, iv. 219. What Johnson always sought
+    was to sufficiently occupy the mind. So long as that was done, that
+    labour would, I believe, seem to him the pleasanter which required the
+    less thought.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1156">[1156]</a> Nathan Bailey published his <i>English Dictionary</i> in 1721.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1157">[1157]</a>
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Woolston, the scourge of scripture, mark with awe!
+      And mighty Jacob, blunderbuss of law.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <i>The Dunciad</i>, first ed., bk. iii. l. 149. Giles Jacob published a <i>Law
+    Dictionary</i> in 1729.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1158">[1158]</a> <i>Ante</i>, p. 393.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1159">[1159]</a> A writer in the <i>Gent. Mag.</i> 1786, p. 388, with some reason
+    says:&mdash;'I heartily wish Mr. Boswell would get this Latin poem translated.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1160">[1160]</a> Boswell, briefly mentioning the tour which Johnson made to Wales
+    in the year 1774 with Mr. and Mrs. Thrale, says:&mdash;'I do not find that
+    he kept any journal or notes of what he saw there' (<i>ante</i>, ii. 285). A
+    journal had been kept however, which in 1816 was edited and published by
+    Mr. Duppa. Mrs. Piozzi, writing in October of that year, says that three
+    years earlier she had been shewn the MS. by a Mr. White, and that it was
+    genuine. 'The gentleman who possessed it seemed shy of letting me read
+    the whole, and did not, as it appeared, like being asked how it came
+    into his hands.' Hayward's <i>Piozzi</i>, ii. 177. According to Mr. Croker
+    (Croker's <i>Boswell</i>, p. 415) 'it was preserved by Johnson's servant,
+    Barber. How it escaped Boswell's research is not known.' A fragment of
+    Johnson's <i>Annals</i>, also preserved by Barber, had in like manner never
+    been seen by Boswell; <i>ante</i>, i. 35, note 1. The editor of these
+    <i>Annals</i> says (Preface, p. v):&mdash;'Francis Barber, unwilling that all the
+    MSS. of his illustrious master should be utterly lost, preserved these
+    relicks from the flames. By purchase from Barber's widow they came into
+    the possession of the editor.' It seems likely that Barber was afraid to
+    own what he had done; though as he was the residuary legatee he was safe
+    from all consequences, unless the executors of the will who were to hold
+    the residue of the estate in trust for him had chosen to proceed against
+    him. Mr. Duppa in editing this Journal received assistance from Mrs.
+    Piozzi, 'who,' he says (Preface, p. xi), 'explained many facts which
+    could not otherwise have been understood.' A passage in one of her
+    letters dated Bath, Oct. 11, 1816, shows how unfriendly were the
+    relations between her and her eldest daughter, Johnson's Queeny, who had
+    married Admiral Lord Keith. 'I am sadly afraid,' she writes, 'of Lady
+    K.'s being displeased, and fancying I promoted this publication. Could I
+    have caught her for a quarter-of-an-hour, I should have proved my
+    innocence, and might have shown her Duppa's letter; but she left neither
+    note, card, nor message, and when my servant ran to all the inns in
+    chase of her, he learned that she had left the White Hart at twelve
+    o'clock. Vexatious! but it can't be helped. I hope the pretty little
+    girl my people saw with her will pay her more tender attention.' Three
+    days later she wrote:&mdash;'Johnson's <i>Diary</i> is selling rapidly, though the
+    contents are <i>bien maigre</i>, I must confess. Mr. Duppa has politely
+    suppressed some sarcastic expressions about my family, the Cottons, whom
+    we visited at Combermere, and at Lleweney.' Hayward's <i>Piozzi</i>, ii.
+    176-9. Mr. Croker in 1835 was able to make 'a collation of the original
+    MS., which has supplied many corrections and some omissions in Mr.
+    Duppa's text.' Mr. Croker's text I have generally followed.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1161">[1161]</a> 'When I went with Johnson to Lichfield, and came down to
+    breakfast at the inn, my dress did not please him, and he made me alter
+    it entirely before he would stir a step with us about the town, saying
+    most satirical things concerning the appearance I made in a
+    riding-habit; and adding, "'Tis very strange that such eyes as yours
+    cannot discern propriety of dress; if I had a sight only half as good, I
+    think I should see to the centre."' Piozzi's <i>Anec</i>. p. 288.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1162">[1162]</a> For Mrs. (Miss) Porter, Mrs. (Miss) Aston, Mr. Green, Mrs. Cobb,
+    Mr. (Peter) Garrick, Miss Seward, and Dr. Taylor, see <i>ante</i>,
+    ii. 462-473.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1163">[1163]</a> Dr. Erasmus Darwin, the physiologist and poet, grandfather of
+    Charles Darwin. Mrs. Piozzi when at Florence wrote:&mdash;'I have no roses
+    equal to those at Lichfield, where on one tree I recollect counting
+    eighty-four within my own reach; it grew against the house of Dr.
+    Darwin.' Piozzi's <i>Journey</i>, i. 278.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1164">[1164]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 124, for mention of her father and brother.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1165">[1165]</a> The verse in <i>Martial</i> is:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Defluat, et lento splendescat turbida limo.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    In the common editions it has the number 45, and not 44. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1166">[1166]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 187.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1167">[1167]</a> Johnson wrote on Nov. 27, 1772, 'I was yesterday at Chatsworth.
+    They complimented me with playing the fountain and opening the cascade.
+    But I am of my friend's opinion, that when one has seen the ocean
+    cascades are but little things.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i.69.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1168">[1168]</a> 'A water-work with a concealed spring, which, upon touching,
+    spouted out streams from every bough of a willow-tree.' <i>Piozzi</i> MS. CROKER.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1169">[1169]</a> A race-horse, which attracted so much of Dr. Johnson's attention,
+    that he said, 'of all the Duke's possessions, I like Atlas best.' DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1170">[1170]</a> For Johnson's last visit to Chatsworth, see <i>ante</i>, iv. 357, 367.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1171">[1171]</a> 'From the Muses, Sir Thomas More bore away the first crown,
+    Erasmus the second, and Micyllus has the third.' In the MS. Johnson has
+    introduced [Greek: aeren] by the side of [Greek: eilen], DUPPA. 'Jacques
+    Moltzer, en Latin Micyllus. Ce surnom lui fut donné le jour où il
+    remplissait avec le plus grand succès le rôle de Micyllus dans <i>Le
+    Songe</i> de Lucien qui, arrange en drame, fut représenté au collège de
+    Francfort. Né en 1503, mort en 1558.' <i>Nouv. Biog. Gén.</i> xxxv. 922.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1172">[1172]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 324, note I, and iii. 138.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1173">[1173]</a> Mr. Gilpin was an undergraduate at Oxford. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1174">[1174]</a> John Parker, of Brownsholme, in Lancashire [Browsholme, in
+    Yorkshire], Esq. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1175">[1175]</a> Mrs. Piozzi 'rather thought' that this was <i>Capability Brown</i>
+    [<i>ante</i>, iii. 400]. CROKER.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1176">[1176]</a> Mr. Gell, of Hopton Hall, father of Sir William Gell, well known
+    for his topography of Troy. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1177">[1177]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 160, for a visit paid by Johnson and Boswell to
+    Kedleston in 1777.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1178">[1178]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 164.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1179">[1179]</a> The parish of Prestbury. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1180">[1180]</a> At this time the seat of Sir Lynch Salusbury Cotton [Mrs.
+    Thrale's relation], now, of Lord Combermere, his grandson, from which
+    place he takes his title. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1181">[1181]</a> Shavington Hall, in Shropshire. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1182">[1182]</a> 'To guard. To adorn with lists, laces or ornamental borders.
+    Obsolete.' Johnson's <i>Dictionary.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1183">[1183]</a> Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale on Nov. 13, 1783:&mdash;'You seem to
+    mention Lord Kilmurrey <i>(sic)</i> as a stranger. We were at his house in
+    Cheshire [Shropshire].... Do not you remember how he rejoiced in having
+    <i>no</i> park? He could not disoblige his neighbours by sending them <i>no</i>
+    venison.' <i>Piozzi Letters,</i> ii. 326.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1184">[1184]</a> This remark has reference to family conversation. Robert was the
+    eldest son of Sir L.S. Cotton, and lived at Lleweney. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1185">[1185]</a> <i>Paradise Lost,</i> book xi. v. 642. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1186">[1186]</a> See Mrs. Piozzi's <i>Synonymy</i>, i. 323, for an anecdote of this
+    walk.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1187">[1187]</a> Lleweney Hall was the residence of Robert Cotton, Esq., Mrs.
+    Thrale's cousin german. Here Mr. and Mrs. Thrale and Dr. Johnson staid
+    three weeks. DUPPA. Mrs. Piozzi wrote in 1817:&mdash;'Poor old Lleweney Hall!
+    pulled down after standing 1000 years in possession of the Salusburys.'
+    Hayward's <i>Piozzi</i>, ii. 206.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1188">[1188]</a> Johnson's name for Mrs. Thrale. <i>Ante,</i> i. 494.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1189">[1189]</a> Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale on Sept. 13, 1777:&mdash;'Boswell wants
+    to see Wales; but except the woods of Bachycraigh, what is there in
+    Wales? What that can fill the hunger of ignorance, or quench the thirst
+    of curiosity?' <i>Piozzi Letters,</i> i. 367. <i>Ante,</i> iii. 134, note 1.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1190">[1190]</a> Pennant gives a description of this house, in a tour he made into
+    North Wales in 1780:&mdash;'Not far from Dymerchion, lies half buried in
+    woods the singular house of Bâch y Graig. It consists of a mansion of
+    three sides, enclosing a square court. The first consists of a vast hall
+    and parlour: the rest of it rises into six wonderful stories, including
+    the cupola; and forms from the second floor the figure of a pyramid: the
+    rooms are small and inconvenient. The bricks are admirable, and appear
+    to have been made in Holland; and the model of the house was probably
+    brought from Flanders, where this kind of building is not unfrequent. It
+    was built by Sir Richard Clough, an eminent merchant, in the reign of
+    Queen Elizabeth. The initials of his name are in iron on the front, with
+    the date 1567, and on the gateway 1569.' DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1191">[1191]</a> Bishop Shipley, whom Johnson described as <i>'knowing and
+    convertible' Ante,</i> iv. 246. Johnson, in his <i>Dictionary</i>, says that
+    <i>'conversable</i> is sometimes written <i>conversible</i>, but improperly.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1192">[1192]</a> William Lloyd, Bishop of St. Asaph and afterwards of Worcester.
+    He was one of the seven Bishops who were sent to the Tower in 1688. His
+    character is drawn by Burnet, <i>History of His Own Time</i>, ed. 1818, i.
+    210. It was he of whom Bishop Wilkins said that 'Lloyd had the most
+    learning in ready cash of any he ever knew.' <i>Ante</i>, ii. 256, note 3.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1193">[1193]</a> A curious account of Dodwell and 'the paradoxes after which he
+    seemed to hunt' is given in Burnet, iv. 303. He was Camden Professor of
+    Ancient History in the University of Oxford. 'It was about him that
+    William III uttered those memorable words: "He has set his heart on
+    being a martyr; and I have set mine on disappointing him."' Macaulay's
+    <i>England</i>, ed. 1874, iv. 226. See Hearne in Leland's <i>Itin.</i>, 3rd ed.
+    v. 136.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1194">[1194]</a> By Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, in 1579. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1195">[1195]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 357, and v. 42.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1196">[1196]</a> Perhaps Johnson wrote <i>mere</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1197">[1197]</a> Humphry Llwyd was a native of Denbigh, and practised there as a
+    physician, and also represented the town in Parliament. He died 1568,
+    aged 41. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1198">[1198]</a> Mrs. Thrale's father. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1199">[1199]</a> Cowper wrote a few years later in the first book of <i>The Task</i>,
+    in his description of the grounds at Weston Underwood:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Not distant far a length of colonnade
+      Invites us. Monument of ancient taste,
+      Now scorned, but worthy of a better fate.
+      Our fathers knew the value of a screen
+      From sultry suns, and in their shaded walks
+      And long-protracted bowers enjoyed at noon
+      The gloom and coolness of declining day.
+      We bear our shades about us: self-deprived
+      Of other screen, the thin umbrella spread,
+      And range an Indian waste without a tree.
+      Thanks to Benevolus [A]&mdash;he spares me yet
+      These chestnuts ranged in corresponding lines,
+      And though himself so polished still reprieves
+      The obsolete prolixity of shade.'
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1200">[1200]</a> Such a passage as this shews that Johnson was not so insensible
+    to nature as is often asserted. Mrs. Piozzi (<i>Anec.</i> p. 99) says:&mdash;'Mr.
+    Thrale loved prospects, and was mortified that his friend could not
+    enjoy the sight of those different dispositions of wood and water, hill
+    and valley, that travelling through England and France affords a man.
+    But when he wished to point them out to his companion: "Never heed such
+    nonsense," would he reply; "a blade of grass is always a blade of grass,
+    whether in one country or another. Let us, if we <i>do</i> talk, talk about
+    something; men and women are my subjects of enquiry; let us see how
+    these differ from those we have left behind."' She adds (p. 265):&mdash;
+    'Walking in a wood when it rained was, I think, the only rural image he
+    pleased his fancy with; "for," says he, "after one has gathered the
+    apples in an orchard, one wishes them well baked, and removed to a
+    London eating-house for enjoyment."' See <i>ante</i>, pp. 132, note 1, 141,
+    note 2, 333, note i, and 346, note i, for Johnson's descriptions of
+    scenery. Passages in his letters shew that he had some enjoyment of
+    country life. Thus he writes:&mdash;'I hope to see standing corn in some part
+    of the earth this summer, but I shall hardly smell hay or suck clover
+    flowers.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, ii. 140. 'What I shall do next I know not;
+    all my schemes of rural pleasure have been some way or other
+    disappointed.' <i>Ib.</i> p. 372. 'I hope Mrs. &mdash;&mdash;&mdash; when she came to her
+    favourite place found her house dry, and her woods growing, and the
+    breeze whistling, and the birds singing, and her own heart dancing.'
+    <i>Ib.</i> p. 401. In this very trip to Wales, after describing the high bank
+    of a river 'shaded by gradual rows of trees,' he writes:&mdash;'The gloom,
+    the stream, and the silence generate thoughtfulness.' <i>Post,</i> p. 454.
+</p>
+<p>
+    [A] Mr. Throckmorton the owner.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1201">[1201]</a> In the MS. in Dr. Johnson's handwriting, he has first entered in
+    his diary, 'The old Clerk had great appearance of joy at seeing his
+    Mistress, and foolishly said that he was now willing to die:' he
+    afterwards wrote in a separate column, on the same leaf, under the head
+    of <i>notes and omissions,</i> 'He had a crown;' and then he appears to have
+    read over his diary at a future time, and interlined the paragraph with
+    the words 'only'&mdash;'given him by my Mistress,' which is written in ink of
+    a different colour. DUPPA. 'If Mr. Duppa,' wrote Mrs. Piozzi, 'does not
+    send me a copy of Johnson's <i>Diary,</i> he is as shabby as it seems our
+    Doctor thought me, when I gave but a crown to the old clerk. The poor
+    clerk had probably never seen a crown in his possession before. Things
+    were very distant A.D. 1774 from what they are 1816.' Hayward's
+    <i>Piozzi,</i> ii. 178. Mrs. Piozzi writes as if Johnson's censure had been
+    passed in 1816 and not in 1774.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1202">[1202]</a> Mrs. Piozzi has the following MS. note on this:&mdash;'He said I
+    flattered the people to whose houses we went. I was saucy, and said I
+    was obliged to be civil for two, meaning himself and me. He replied
+    nobody would thank me for compliments they did not understand. At
+    Gwaynynog <i>he</i> was flattered, and was happy of course.' Hayward's
+    <i>Piozzi,</i> i. 75. Sept. 21, 1778. <i>Mrs. Thrale.</i> 'I remember, Sir, when
+    we were travelling in Wales, how you called me to account for my
+    civility to the people. "Madam," you said, "let me have no more of this
+    idle commendation of nothing. Why is it that whatever you see, and
+    whoever you see, you are to be so indiscriminately lavish of praise?"
+    "Why I'll tell you, Sir," said I, "when I am with you, and Mr. Thrale,
+    and Queeny [Miss Thrale], I am obliged to be civil for four."' Mme.
+    D'Arblay's <i>Diary,</i> i. 132. On June 11, 1775, he wrote to Mrs. Thrale
+    from Lichfield:&mdash;'Everybody remembers you all: you left a good
+    impression behind you. I hope you will do the same at&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;. Do not make
+    them speeches. Unusual compliments, to which there is no stated and
+    prescriptive answer, embarrass the feeble, who know not what to say, and
+    disgust the wise, who knowing them to be false suspect them to be
+    hypocritical.' <i>Piozzi Letters,</i> i. 232. She records that he once said
+    to her:&mdash;'You think I love flattery, and so I do, but a little too much
+    always disgusts me. That fellow Richardson [the novelist] on the
+    contrary could not be contented to sail quietly down the stream of
+    reputation, without longing to taste the froth from every stroke of the
+    oar.' Piozzi's <i>Anec.</i> p. 184. See <i>ante</i>, iii. 293, for Johnson's
+    rebuke of Hannah More's flattery.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1203">[1203]</a> Johnson, in his Dictionary, defines <i>calamine</i> or <i>lapis
+    calaminaris</i> as <i>a kind of fossile bituminous earth, which being mixed
+    with copper changes it into brass.</i> It is native siliceous oxide of
+    zinc. <i>The Imperial Dictionary.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1204">[1204]</a> See <i>ante,</i> iii. 164.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1205">[1205]</a> 'No' or 'little' is here probably omitted. CROKER.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1206">[1206]</a> The name of this house is Bodryddan; formerly the residence of
+    the Stapyltons, the parents of five co-heiresses, of whom Mrs. Cotton,
+    afterwards Lady Salusbury Cotton, was one. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1207">[1207]</a> 'Dr. Johnson, whose ideas of anything not positively large were
+    ever mingled with contempt, asked of one of our sharp currents in North
+    Wales, "Has this <i>brook</i> e'er a name?" and received for answer, "Why,
+    dear Sir, this is the <i>River</i> Ustrad." "Let us," said he, turning to his
+    friend, "jump over it directly, and shew them how an Englishman should
+    treat a Welsh river."' Piozzi's <i>Synonymy,</i> i. 82.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1208">[1208]</a> See <i>ante</i>, i. 313, note 4.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1209">[1209]</a> On Aug. 16 he wrote to Mr. Levett:&mdash;'I have made nothing of the
+    Ipecacuanha.' <i>Ante</i>, ii. 282. Mr. Croker suggests that <i>up</i> is omitted
+    after 'I gave.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1210">[1210]</a> See <i>post</i>, p. 453.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1211">[1211]</a> F.G. are the printer's signatures, by which it appears that at
+    this time four sheets (B, C, D, E), or 64 pages had already been
+    printed. The MS. was 'put to the press' on June 20. <i>Ante</i>, ii. 278.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1212">[1212]</a> The English version Psalm 36 begins,&mdash;'My heart sheweth me the
+    wickedness of the ungodly,' which has no relation to 'Dixit injustus.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1213">[1213]</a> This alludes to 'A prayer by R.W., (evidently Robert Wisedom)
+    which Sir Henry Ellis, of the British Museum, has found among the Hymns
+    which follow the old version of the singing Psalms, at the end of
+    Barker's <i>Bible</i> of 1639. It begins,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Preserve us, Lord, by thy deare word,
+      From Turk and Pope, defend us Lord,
+      Which both would thrust out of his throne
+      Our Lord Jesus Christ, thy deare son.'
+			CROKER.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1214">[1214]</a> 'Proinde quum dominus Matth. 6 docet discipulos suos ne in orando
+    multiloqui sint, nihil aliud docet quam ne credant deum inani verborum
+    strepitu flecti rem eandem subinde flagitantium. Nam Graecis est [Greek:
+    battologaesate]. [Greek: Battologein] autem illis dicitur qui voces
+    easdem frequenter iterant sine causa, vel loquacitatis, vel naturae, vel
+    consuetudinis vitio. Alioqui juxta precepta rhetorum nonnunquam laudis
+    est iterare verba, quemadmodum et Christus in cruce clamitat. Deus meus,
+    deus meus: non erat illa [Greek: battologia], sed ardens ac vehemens
+    affectus orantis.' Erasmus's <i>Works</i>, ed. 1540, v. 927.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1215">[1215]</a> This alludes to Southwell's stanzas 'Upon the Image of Death,' in
+    his <i>Maeonia</i>, [Maeoniae] a collection of spiritual poems:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     'Before my face the picture hangs,
+        That daily should put me in mind
+      Of those cold names and bitter pangs
+        That shortly I am like to find:
+      But, yet, alas! full little I
+      Do thinke hereon that I must die.' &amp;c.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    Robert Southwell was an English Jesuit, who was imprisoned, tortured,
+    and finally, in Feb. 1598 <a name="note-1595">[1595]</a> executed for teaching the Roman
+    Catholic tenets in England. CROKER.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1216">[1216]</a> This work, which Johnson was now reading, was, most probably, a
+    little book, entitled <i>Baudi Epistolae</i>. In his <i>Life of Milton</i>
+    [<i>Works</i>, vii. 115], he has made a quotation from it. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1217">[1217]</a> Bishop Shipley had been an Army Chaplain. <i>Ante</i>, iii. 251.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1218">[1218]</a> The title of the poem is [Greek: Poiaema nouthetikon]. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1219">[1219]</a> This entry refers to the following passage in Leland's
+    <i>Itinerary</i>, published by Thomas Hearne, ed. 1744, iv. 112. 'B. <i>Smith</i>
+    in K.H.7. dayes, and last Bishop of <i>Lincolne</i>, beganne a new Foundation
+    at this place settinge up a Mr. there with 2. Preistes, and 10. poore
+    Men in an Hospitall. He sett there alsoe a Schoole-Mr. to teach Grammer
+    that hath 10.<i>l</i>. by the yeare, and an Under-Schoole-Mr. that hath
+    5.<i>l</i>. by the yeare. King H.7. was a great Benefactour to this new
+    Foundation, and gave to it an ould Hospitall called Denhall in Wirhall
+    in Cheshire.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1220">[1220]</a> <i>A Journey to Meqwinez, the Residence of the present Emperor of
+    Fez and Morocco, on the Occasion of Commodore Stewart's Embassy thither,
+    for the Redemption of the British captives, in the Year 1721</i>. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1221">[1221]</a> The <i>Bibliotheca Literaria</i> was published in London, 1722-4, in
+    4to numbers, but only extended to ten numbers. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1222">[1222]</a> By this expression it would seem, that on this day Johnson ate
+    sparingly. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1223">[1223]</a> 'A weakness of the knees, not without some pain in walking, which
+    I feel increased after I have dined.' DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1224">[1224]</a> Penmaen Mawr is a huge rock, rising nearly 1550 feet
+    perpendicular above the sea. Along a shelf of this precipice, is formed
+    an excellent road, well guarded, toward the sea, by a strong wall,
+    supported in many parts by arches turned underneath it. Before this wall
+    was built, travellers sometimes fell down the precipices. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1225">[1225]</a> See <i>post</i>, p. 453.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1226">[1226]</a> 'Johnson said that one of the castles in Wales would contain all
+    the castles that he had seen in Scotland.' <i>Ante</i>, ii. 285.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1227">[1227]</a> This gentleman was a lieutenant in the Navy. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1228">[1228]</a> Lady Catharine Percival, daughter of the second Earl of Egmont:
+    this was, it appears, the lady of whom Mrs. Piozzi relates, that 'For a
+    lady of quality, since dead, who received us at her husband's seat in
+    Wales with less attention than he had long been accustomed to, he had a
+    rougher denunciation:&mdash;"That woman," cried Johnson, "is like sour small
+    beer, the beverage of her table, and produce of the wretched country she
+    lives in: like that, she could never have been a good thing, and even
+    that bad thing is spoiled."' [<i>Anec</i>. p. 171.] And it is probably of
+    her, too, that another anecdote is told:&mdash;'We had been visiting at a
+    lady's house, whom, as we returned, some of the company ridiculed for
+    her ignorance:&mdash;"She is not ignorant," said he, "I believe, of any
+    thing she has been taught, or of any thing she is desirous to know; and
+    I suppose if one wanted a little <i>run tea</i>, she might be a proper person
+    enough to apply to.'" [<i>Ib</i>. p. 219.] Mrs. Piozzi says, in her MS.
+    letters, 'that Lady Catharine comes off well in the <i>diary</i>. He <i>said</i>
+    many severe things of her, which he did not commit to paper.' She died
+    in 1782. CROKER.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1229">[1229]</a> Johnson described in 1762 his disappointment on his return to
+    Lichfield. <i>Ante</i>, i. 370.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1230">[1230]</a> 'It was impossible not to laugh at the patience Doctor Johnson
+    shewed, when a Welsh parson of mean abilities, though a good heart,
+    struck with reverence at the sight of Dr. Johnson, whom he had heard of
+    as the greatest man living, could not find any words to answer his
+    inquiries concerning a motto round somebody's arms which adorned a
+    tomb-stone in Ruabon church-yard. If I remember right, the words were,
+</p>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+<pre>
+     Heb Dw, Heb Dym,
+     Dw o' diggon.
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<p>
+    And though of no very difficult construction, the gentleman seemed
+    wholly confounded, and unable to explain them; till Mr. Johnson, having
+    picked out the meaning by little and little, said to the man, "<i>Heb</i> is
+    a preposition, I believe, Sir, is it not?" My countryman recovering some
+    spirits upon the sudden question, cried out, "So I humbly presume, Sir,"
+    very comically.' Piozzi's <i>Anec</i>. p. 238. The Welsh words, which are the
+    Myddelton motto, mean, 'Without God, without all. God is
+    all-sufficient.' <i>Piozzi MS</i>. Croker's <i>Boswell</i>, p. 423.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1231">[1231]</a> In 1809 the whole income for Llangwinodyl, including surplice
+    fees, amounted to forty-six pounds two shillings and twopence, and for
+    Tydweilliog, forty-three pounds nineteen shillings and tenpence; so that
+    it does not appear that Mr. Thrale carried into effect his good
+    intention. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1232">[1232]</a> Mr. Thrale was near-sighted, and could not see the goats browsing
+    on Snowdon, and he promised his daughter, who was a child of ten years
+    old, a penny for every goat she would shew him, and Dr. Johnson kept the
+    account; so that it appears her father was in debt to her one hundred
+    and forty-nine pence. Queeny was the epithet, which had its origin in
+    the nursery, by which Miss Thrale was always distinguished by Johnson.
+    DUPPA. Her name was Esther. The allusion was to Queen Esther. Johnson
+    often pleasantly mentions her in his letters to her mother. Thus on July
+    27, 1780, he writes:&mdash;'As if I might not correspond with my Queeney, and
+    we might not tell one another our minds about politicks or morals, or
+    anything else. Queeney and I are both steady and may be trusted; we are
+    none of the giddy gabblers, we think before we speak.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>,
+    ii. 169. Four days later he wrote:&mdash;'Tell my pretty dear Queeney, that
+    when we meet again, we will have, at least for some time, two lessons in
+    a day. I love her and think on her when I am alone; hope we shall be
+    very happy together and mind our books.' <i>Ib</i>. p. 173.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1233">[1233]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iv. 421, for the inscription on an urn erected by Mr.
+    Myddelton 'on the banks of a rivulet where Johnson delighted to stand
+    and repeat verses.' On Sept. 18, 1777, Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale:
+    &mdash;'Mr. &mdash;&mdash;'s erection of an urn looks like an intention to bury me
+    alive; I would as willingly see my friend, however benevolent and
+    hospitable, quietly inurned. Let him think for the present of some more
+    acceptable memorial.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 371.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1234">[1234]</a> Johnson wrote on Oct. 24, 1778:&mdash;'My two clerical friends Darby
+    and Worthington have both died this month. I have known Worthington
+    long, and to die is dreadful. I believe he was a very good man.' <i>Piozzi
+    Letters</i>, ii. 26.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1235">[1235]</a> Thomas, the second Lord Lyttelton. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1236">[1236]</a> Mr. Gwynn the architect was a native of Shrewsbury, and was at
+    this time completing a bridge across the Severn, called the English
+    Bridge: besides this bridge, he built one at Acham, over the Severn,
+    near to Shrewsbury; and the bridges at Worcester, Oxford [Magdalen
+    Bridge], and Henley. DUPPA. He was also the architect of the Oxford
+    Market, which was opened in 1774. <i>Oxford during the Last Century</i>, ed.
+    1859, p. 45. Johnson and Boswell travelled to Oxford with him in March,
+    1776. <i>Ante</i>, ii. 438. In 1778 he got into some difficulties, in which
+    Johnson tried to help him, as is shewn by the following autograph letter
+    in the possession of my friend Mr. M. M. Holloway:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+    'SIR,
+</center>
+<p>
+    'Poor Mr. Gwyn is in great distress under the weight of the late
+    determination against him, and has still hopes that some mitigation may
+    be obtained. If it be true that whatever has by his negligence been
+    amiss, may be redressed for a sum much less than has been awarded, the
+    remaining part ought in equity to be returned, or, what is more
+    desirable, abated. When the money is once paid, there is little hope of
+    getting it again.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'The load is, I believe, very hard upon him; he indulges some flattering
+    opinions that by the influence of his academical friends it may be
+    lightened, and will not be persuaded but that some testimony of my
+    kindness may be beneficial. I hope he has been guilty of nothing worse
+    than credulity, and he then certainly deserves commiseration. I never
+    heard otherwise than that he was an honest man, and I hope that by your
+    countenance and that of other gentlemen who favour or pity him some
+    relief may be obtained.
+</p>
+<p>
+    'I am, Sir, 'Your most humble servant, 'SAM. JOHNSON.' 'Bolt Court,
+    Fleet-street, 'Jan. 30, 1778.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1237">[1237]</a> An ancestor of mine, a nursery-gardener, Thomas Wright by name,
+    after whom my grandfather, Thomas Wright Hill, was called, planted this
+    walk. The tradition preserved in my family is that on his wedding-day he
+    took six men with him and planted these trees. When blamed for keeping
+    the wedding-dinner waiting, he answered, that if what he had been doing
+    turned out well, it would be of far more value than a wedding-dinner.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1238">[1238]</a> The Rector of St. Chad's, in Shrewsbury. He was appointed Master
+    of Pembroke College, Oxford, in the following year. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 441.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1239">[1239]</a> 'I have heard Dr. Johnson protest that he never had quite as much
+    as he wished of wall-fruit except once in his life, and that was when we
+    were all together at Ombersley.' Piozzi's <i>Anec</i>. p. 103. Mrs. Thrale
+    wrote to him in 1778:&mdash;'Mr. Scrase gives us fine fruit; I wished you my
+    pear yesterday; but then what would one pear have done for you?' <i>Piozzi
+    Letters</i>, ii. 36. It seems unlikely that Johnson should not at Streatham
+    have had all the wall-fruit that he wished.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1240">[1240]</a> This visit was not to Lord Lyttelton, but to his uncle
+    [afterwards by successive creations, Lord Westcote, and Lord Lyttelton],
+    the father of the present Lord Lyttelton, who lived at a house called
+    Little Hagley. DUPPA. Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale in 1771:&mdash;'I would
+    have been glad to go to Hagley in compliance with Mr. Lyttelton's kind
+    invitation, for beside the pleasure of his conversation I should have
+    had the opportunity of recollecting past times, and wandering <i>per
+    montes notos et flumina nota</i>, of recalling the images of sixteen, and
+    reviewing my conversations with poor Ford.' <i>Piozzi Letters</i>, i. 42. He
+    had been at school at Stourbridge, close by Hagley. <i>Ante</i>, i. 49. See
+    Walpole's <i>Letters</i>, ix. 123, for an anecdote of Lord Westcote.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1241">[1241]</a> Horace Walpole, writing of Hagley in Sept. 1753 (<i>Letters</i>, ii.
+    352), says:&mdash;'There is extreme taste in the park: the seats are not the
+    best, but there is not one absurdity. There is a ruined castle, built by
+    Miller, that would get him his freedom even of Strawberry [Walpole's own
+    house at Twickenham]: it has the true rust of the Barons' Wars.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1242">[1242]</a> 'Mrs. Lyttelton forced me to play at whist against my liking, and
+    her husband took away Johnson's candle that he wanted to read by at the
+    other end of the room. Those, I trust, were the offences.' <i>PiozziMS.</i> CROKER.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1243">[1243]</a> Johnson (<i>Works</i>, viii. 409) thus writes of Shenstone and the
+    Leasowes:&mdash;'He began to point his prospects, to diversify his surface,
+    to entangle his walks, and to wind his waters; which he did with such
+    judgment and such fancy as made his little domain the envy of the great
+    and the admiration of the skilful; a place to be visited by travellers
+    and copied by designers. .... For awhile the inhabitants of Hagley
+    affected to tell their acquaintance of the little fellow that was trying
+    to make himself admired; but when by degrees the Leasowes forced
+    themselves into notice, they took care to defeat the curiosity which
+    they could not suppress by conducting their visitants perversely to
+    inconvenient points of view, and introducing them at the wrong end of a
+    walk to detect a deception; injuries of which Shenstone would heavily
+    complain. Where there is emulation there will be vanity; and where there
+    is vanity there will be folly. The pleasure of Shenstone was all in his
+    eye: he valued what he valued merely for its looks; nothing raised his
+    indignation more than to ask if there were any fishes in his water.' See
+    <i>ante</i>, p. 345.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1244">[1244]</a> See <i>ante</i>, iii. 187, and v. 429.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1245">[1245]</a> 'He spent his estate in adorning it, and his death was probably
+    hastened by his anxieties. He was a lamp that spent its oil in blazing.
+    It is said that if he had lived a little longer he would have been
+    assisted by a pension: such bounty could not have been ever more
+    properly bestowed.' Johnson's <i>Works</i>, viii. 410. His friend, Mr.
+    Graves, the author of <i>The Spiritual Quixote</i>, in a note on this passage
+    says that, if he was sometimes distressed for money, yet he was able to
+    leave legacies and two small annuities.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1246">[1246]</a> Mr. Duppa&mdash;without however giving his authority&mdash;says that this
+    was Dr. Wheeler, mentioned <i>ante</i>, iii. 366. The <i>Birmingham Directory</i>
+    for the year 1770 shews that there were two tradesmen in the town of
+    that name, one having the same Christian name, Benjamin, as Dr. Wheeler.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1247">[1247]</a> Boswell visited these works in 1776. <i>Ante</i>, ii. 459.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1248">[1248]</a> Burke in the House of Commons on Jan. 25, 1771, in a debate on
+    Falkland's Island, said of the Spanish Declaration:&mdash;'It was made, I
+    admit, on the true principles of trade and manufacture. It puts me in
+    mind of a Birmingham button which has passed through an hundred hands,
+    and after all is not worth three-halfpence a dozen.' <i>Parl. Hist.</i>
+    xvi. 1345.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1249">[1249]</a> Johnson and Boswell drove through the Park in 1776. <i>Ante</i>, ii. 451.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1250">[1250]</a> 'My friend the late Lord Grosvenor had a house at Salt Hill,
+    where I usually spent a part of the summer, and thus became acquainted
+    with that great and good man, Jacob Bryant. Here the conversation turned
+    one morning on a Greek criticism by Dr. Johnson in some volume lying on
+    the table, which I ventured (<i>for I was then young</i>) to deem incorrect,
+    and pointed it out to him. I could not help thinking that he was
+    somewhat of my opinion, but he was cautious and reserved. "But, Sir,"
+    said I, willing to overcome his scruples, "Dr. Johnson himself admitted
+    that he was not a good Greek scholar." "Sir," he replied, with a serious
+    and impressive air, "it is not easy for us to say what such a man as
+    Johnson would call a good Greek scholar." I hope that I profited by that
+    lesson&mdash;certainly I never forgot it.' Gifford's <i>Works of Ford</i>, vol. i.
+    p. lxii. Croker's <i>Boswell</i>, p. 794. 'So notorious is Mr. Bryant's great
+    fondness for studying and proving the truths of the creation according
+    to Moses, that he told me himself, and with much quaint humour, a
+    pleasantry of one of his friends in giving a character of
+    him:&mdash;"Bryant," said he, "is a very good scholar, and knows all things
+    whatever up to Noah, but not a single thing in the world beyond the
+    Deluge."' Mme. D'Arblay's Diary, iii. 229.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1251">[1251]</a> This is a work written by William Durand, Bishop of Mende, and
+    printed on vellum, in folio, by Fust and Schoeffer, in Mentz, 1459. It
+    is the third book that is known to be printed with a date. DUPPA. It is
+    perhaps the first book with a date printed in movable metal type.
+    <i>Brunei</i>, ed. 1861, ii. 904. See <i>ante</i>, ii. 397.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1252">[1252]</a> Dr. Johnson, in another column of his <i>Diary</i>, has put down, in a
+    note, 'First printed book in Greek, Lascaris's <i>Grammar</i>, 4to,
+    Mediolani, 1476.' The imprint of this book is, <i>Mediolani Impressum per
+    Magistrum Dionysium Paravisinum</i>. M.CCCC.LXXVI. Die xxx Januarii. The
+    first book printed in the English language was the <i>Historyes of Troye</i>,
+    printed in 1471. DUPPA. A copy of the <i>Historyes of Troy</i> is exhibited
+    in the Bodleian Library with the following superscription:&mdash;'Lefevre's
+    <i>Recuyell of the historyes of Troye</i>. The first book printed in the
+    English language. Issued by Caxton at Bruges about 1474.'
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1253">[1253]</a> <i>The Battle of the Frogs and Mice</i>. The first edition was printed
+    by Laonicus Cretensis, 1486. DUPPA.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1254">[1254]</a> Mr. Coulson was a Senior Fellow of University College. Lord
+    Stowell informed me that he was very eccentric. He would on a fine day
+    hang out of the college windows his various pieces of apparel to air,
+    which used to be universally answered by the young men hanging out from
+    all the other windows, quilts, carpets, rags, and every kind of trash,
+    and this was called an <i>illumination</i>. His notions of the eminence and
+    importance of his academic situation were so peculiar, that, when he
+    afterwards accepted a college living, he expressed to Lord Stowell his
+    doubts whether, after living so long in the <i>great world</i>, he might not
+    grow weary of the comparative retirement of a country parish. CROKER.
+    See <i>ante</i>, ii. 382, note.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1255">[1255]</a> Dr. Robert Vansittart, Fellow of All Souls, and Regius Professor
+    of Law. DUPPA. Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale on Nov. 3, 1773:&mdash;'Poor
+    V&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;! There are not so many reasons as he thinks why he should envy
+    me, but there are some; he wants what I have, a kind and careful
+    mistress; and wants likewise what I shall want at my return. He is a
+    good man, and when his mind is composed a man of parts.' <i>Piozzi
+    Letters</i>, i. 197. See <i>ante</i>, i. 348.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <a name="note-1256">[1256]</a> See <i>ante</i>, ii. 285, note 3.
+</p>
+
+    <center>THE END OF THE FIFTH VOLUME.</center>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Life Of Johnson, Volume 5, by Boswell
+
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diff --git a/old/10451.txt b/old/10451.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6022bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/10451.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21755 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Life Of Johnson, Volume 5, by Boswell
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Life Of Johnson, Volume 5
+
+Author: Boswell
+
+Release Date: December 14, 2003 [EBook #10451]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LIFE OF JOHNSON, VOLUME 5 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Charlie Kirschner and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+BOSWELL'S
+LIFE OF JOHNSON
+
+INCLUDING BOSWELL'S JOURNAL OF A TOUR TO THE HEBRIDES
+AND JOHNSON'S DIARY OF A JOURNEY INTO NORTH WALES
+
+
+EDITED BY
+
+GEORGE BIRKBECK HILL, D.C.L.
+
+PEMBROKE COLLEGE, OXFORD
+
+
+IN SIX VOLUMES
+
+VOLUME V.
+TOUR TO THE HEBRIDES (1773)
+
+AND
+
+JOURNEY INTO NORTH WALES (1774)
+
+
+
+
+THE
+JOURNAL
+OF A TOUR TO THE
+_HEBRIDES_,
+
+WITH
+
+SAMUEL JOHNSON, LL.D.
+BY _JAMES BOSWELL_, ESQ.
+
+CONTAINING
+
+Some Poetical Pieces by Dr. JOHNSON, relative to the TOUR,
+and never before published;
+
+A Series of his Conversation, Literary Anecdotes, and Opinions
+of Men and Books:
+
+WITH AN AUTHENTICK ACCOUNT OF
+
+The Distresses and Escape of the GRANDSON of KING
+JAMES II. in the Year 1746.
+
+_THE THIRD EDITION, REVISED AND CORRECTED._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+       O! while along the stream of time, thy name
+     Expanded flies, and gathers all its fame,
+     Say, shall my little bark attendant fail,
+     Pursue the triumph and partake the gale?    POPE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_LONDON:_
+PRINTED BY HENRY BALDWIN,
+FOR CHARLES DILLY, IN THE POULTRY.
+MDCCLXXXVI.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS OF VOL. V.
+
+JOURNAL OF A TOUR TO THE HEBRIDES WITH SAMUEL JOHNSON, LL.D.:
+DEDICATION TO EDMOND MALONE, ESQ.
+ADVERTISEMENT TO THE THIRD EDITION
+CONTENTS
+JOURNAL
+APPENDICES:
+ I. LETTER FROM DR. BLACKLOCK
+II. VERSES BY SIR ALEXANDER MACDONALD
+    ADVERTISEMENT OF THE LIFE
+A.  EXTRACTS FROM WARBURTON
+B.  LORD HOUGHTON'S TRANSLATION OF JOHNSON'S ODE WRITTEN IN SKY
+C.  JOHNSON'S USE OF THE WORD _BIG_
+
+A JOURNEY INTO NORTH WALES IN THE YEAR 1774
+
+
+
+
+DEDICATION.
+
+
+_TO EDMOND MALONE, ESQ._
+
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+In every narrative, whether historical or biographical, authenticity is
+of the utmost consequence[1]. Of this I have ever been so firmly
+persuaded, that I inscribed a former work[2] to that person who was the
+best judge of its truth. I need not tell you I mean General Paoli; who,
+after his great, though unsuccessful, efforts to preserve the liberties
+of his country, has found an honourable asylum in Britain, where he has
+now lived many years the object of Royal regard and private respect[3];
+and whom I cannot name without expressing my very grateful sense of the
+uniform kindness which he has been pleased to shew me[4].
+
+The friends of Doctor Johnson can best judge, from internal evidence,
+whether the numerous conversations which form the most valuable part of
+the ensuing pages are correctly related. To them, therefore, I wish to
+appeal, for the accuracy of the portrait here exhibited to the world.
+
+As one of those who were intimately acquainted with him, you have a
+title to this address. You have obligingly taken the trouble to peruse
+the original manuscript of this Tour, and can vouch for the strict
+fidelity of the present publication[5]. Your literary alliance with our
+much lamented friend, in consequence of having undertaken to render one
+of his labours more complete, by your edition of _Shakspeare_[6], a work
+which I am confident will not disappoint the expectations of the
+publick, gives you another claim. But I have a still more powerful
+inducement to prefix your name to this volume, as it gives me an
+opportunity of letting the world know that I enjoy the honour and
+happiness of your friendship; and of thus publickly testifying the
+sincere regard with which I am,
+
+  My dear Sir,
+      Your very faithful
+          And obedient servant,
+              JAMES BOSWELL.
+
+  LONDON,
+20th September, 1785.
+
+
+
+
+ADVERTISEMENT
+
+TO THE
+
+_THIRD EDITION._
+
+Animated by the very favourable reception which two large impressions of
+this work have had[7], it has been my study to make it as perfect as I
+could in this edition, by correcting some inaccuracies which I
+discovered myself, and some which the kindness of friends or the
+scrutiny of adversaries pointed out. A few notes are added, of which the
+principal object is, to refute misrepresentation and calumny.
+
+To the animadversions in the periodical Journals of criticism, and in
+the numerous publications to which my book has given rise, I have made
+no answer. Every work must stand or fall by its own merit. I cannot,
+however, omit this opportunity of returning thanks to a gentleman who
+published a Defence of my Journal, and has added to the favour by
+communicating his name to me in a very obliging letter.
+
+It would be an idle waste of time to take any particular notice of the
+futile remarks, to many of which, a petty national resentment, unworthy
+of my countrymen, has probably given rise; remarks which have been
+industriously circulated in the publick prints by shallow or envious
+cavillers, who have endeavoured to persuade the world that Dr. Johnson's
+character has been _lessened_ by recording such various instances of
+his lively wit and acute judgment, on every topick that was presented to
+his mind. In the opinion of every person of taste and knowledge that I
+have conversed with, it has been greatly _heightened_; and I will
+venture to predict, that this specimen of the colloquial talents and
+extemporaneous effusions of my illustrious fellow-traveller will become
+still more valuable, when, by the lapse of time, he shall have become an
+_ancient_; when all those who can now bear testimony to the transcendent
+powers of his mind, shall have passed away; and no other memorial of
+this great and good man shall remain but the following Journal, the
+other anecdotes and letters preserved by his friends, and those
+incomparable works, which have for many years been in the highest
+estimation, and will be read and admired as long as the English language
+shall be spoken or understood.
+
+J.B.
+
+LONDON, 15th Aug. 1786.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+DEDICATION.
+ADVERTISEMENT.
+INTRODUCTION. Character of Dr. Johnson. He arrives in Scotland.
+
+_August 15_. Sir William Forbes. Practice of the law. Emigration. Dr.
+Beattie and Mr. Hume. Dr. Robertson. Mr. Burke's various and
+extraordinary talents. Question concerning genius. Whitfield and Wesley.
+Instructions to political parties. Dr. Johnson's opinion of Garrick as a
+tragedian.
+
+_August 16_. Ogden on Prayer. Aphoristick writing. Edinburgh surveyed.
+Character of Swift's works. Evil spirits and witchcraft. Lord Monboddo
+and the Ouran-Outang.
+
+_August 17_. Poetry and Dictionary writing. Scepticism. Eternal
+necessity refuted. Lord Hailes's criticism on _The Vanity of Human
+Wishes._ Mr. Maclaurin. Decision of the Judges in Scotland on
+literary property.
+
+_August 18_. Set out for the Hebrides. Sketch of the authour's
+character. Trade of Glasgow. Suicide. Inchkeith. Parliamentary
+knowledge. Influence of Peers. Popular clamours. Arrive at St. Andrews.
+
+_August 19_. Dr. Watson. Literature and patronage. Writing and
+conversation compared. Change of manners. The Union. Value of money. St.
+Andrews and John Knox. Retirement from the world. Dinner with the
+Professors. Question concerning sorrow and content. Instructions for
+composition. Dr. Johnson's method. Uncertainty of memory.
+
+_August 20_. Effect of prayer. Observance of Sunday. Professor Shaw.
+Transubstantiation. Literary property. Mr. Tyers's remark on Dr.
+Johnson. Arrive at Montrose.
+
+_August 21_. Want of trees. Laurence Kirk. Dinner at Monboddo.
+Emigration. Homer. Biography and history compared. Decrease of learning.
+Causes of it. Promotion of bishops. Warburton. Lowth. Value of
+politeness. Dr. Johnson's sentiments concerning Lord Monboddo. Arrive
+at Aberdeen.
+
+_August 22_. Professor Thomas Gordon. Publick and private education.
+Sir Alexander Gordon. Trade of Aberdeen. Prescription of murder in
+Scotland. Mystery of the Trinity. Satisfaction of Christ. Importance of
+old friendships.
+
+_August 23_. Dr. Johnson made a burgess of Aberdeen. Dinner at Sir
+Alexander Gordon's. Warburton's powers of invective. His _Doctrine of
+Grace_. Lock's verses. Fingal.
+
+_August 24_. Goldsmith and Graham. Slains castle. Education of children.
+Buller of Buchan. Entails. Consequence of Peers. Sir Joshua Reynolds.
+Earl of Errol.
+
+_August 25_. The advantage of being on good terms with relations.
+Nabobs. Feudal state of subordination. Dinner at Strichen. Life of
+country gentlemen. THE LITERARY CLUB.
+
+_August 26_. Lord Monboddo. Use and importance of wealth. Elgin.
+Macbeth's heath. Fores.
+
+_August 27_. Leonidas. Paul Whitehead. Derrick. Origin of Evil.
+Calder-manse. Reasonableness of ecclesiastical subscription.
+Family worship.
+
+_August 28_. Fort George. Sir Adolphus Oughton. Contest between
+Warburton and Lowth. Dinner at Sir Eyre Coote's. Arabs and English
+soldiers compared. The Stage. Mr. Garrick, Mrs. Cibber, Mrs. Pritchard,
+Mrs. Clive. Inverness.
+
+_August 29_. Macbeth's Castle. Incorrectness of writers of Travels.
+Coinage of new words. Dr. Johnson's _Dictionary_.
+
+_August 30_. Dr. Johnson on horseback. A Highland hut. Fort Augustus.
+Governour Trapaud.
+
+_August 31_. Anoch. Emigration. Goldsmith. Poets and soldiers compared.
+Life of a sailor. Landlord's daughter at Anoch.
+
+_September 1_. Glensheal. The Macraas. Dr. Johnson's anger at being left
+for a little while by the authour on a wild plain. Wretched inn
+at Glenelg.
+
+_September 2_. Dr. Johnson relents. Isle of Sky. Armidale.
+
+_September 3_. Colonel Montgomery, now Earl of Eglintoune.
+
+_September 4_. Ancient Highland Enthusiasm.
+
+_September 5_. Sir James Macdonald's epitaph and last letters to his
+mother. Dr. Johnson's Latin ode on the Isle of Sky. Isaac
+Hawkins Browne.
+
+_September 6_. Corrichatachin. Highland hospitality and mirth. Dr.
+Johnson's Latin ode to Mrs. Thrale.
+
+_September 7_. Uneasy state of dependence on the weather. State of those
+who live in the country. Dr. M'Pherson's Dissertations. Second Sight.
+
+_September 8_. Rev. Mr. Donald M'Queen. Mr. Malcolm M'Cleod. Sail to
+Rasay. Fingal. Homer. Elegant and gay entertainment at Rasay.
+
+_September 9_. Antiquity of the family of Rasay. Cure of infidelity.
+
+_September 10_. Survey of the island of Rasay. Bentley. Mallet. Hooke.
+Duchess of Marlborough.
+
+_September 11_. Heritable jurisdictions. Insular life. The Laird of
+M'Cleod.
+
+_September 12_. Sail to Portree. Dr. Johnson's discourse on death.
+Letters from Lord Elibank to Dr. Johnson and the authour. Dr. Johnson's
+answer. Ride to Kingsburgh. Flora M'Donald.
+
+_September 13_. Distresses and escape of the grandson of King James II.
+Arrive at Dunvegan.
+
+_September 14_. Importance of the chastity of women. Dr. Cadogan.
+Whether the practice of authours is necessary to enforce their
+Doctrines. Good humour acquirable.
+
+_September 15_. Sir George M'Kenzie. Mr. Burke's wit, knowledge and
+eloquence.
+
+_September 16_. Dr. Johnson's hereditary melancholy. His minute
+knowledge in various arts. Apology for the authour's ardour in his
+pursuits. Dr. Johnson's imaginary seraglio. Polygamy.
+
+_September 17_. Cunning. Whether great abilities are necessary to be
+wicked. Temple of the Goddess Anaitis. Family portraits. Records not
+consulted by old English historians. Mr. Pennant's Tours criticised.
+
+_September 18_. Ancient residence of a Highland Chief. Languages the
+pedigree of nations. Laird of the Isle of Muck.
+
+_September 19_. Choice of a wife. Women an over-match for men. Lady
+Grange in St. Kilda. Poetry of savages. French Literati. Prize-fighting.
+French and English soldiers. Duelling.
+
+_September 20_. Change of London manners. Laziness censured. Landed and
+traded interest compared. Gratitude considered.
+
+_September 21_. Description of Dunvegan. Lord Lovat's Pyramid. Ride to
+Ulinish. Phipps's Voyage to the North Pole.
+
+_September 22_. Subterraneous house and vast cave in Ulinish. Swift's
+Lord Orrery. Defects as well as virtues the proper subject of biography,
+though the life be written by a friend. Studied conclusions of letters.
+Whether allowable in dying men to maintain resentment to the last.
+Instructions for writing the lives of literary men. Fingal denied to be
+genuine, and pleasantly ridiculed.
+
+_September 23_. Further disquisition concerning Fingal. Eminent men
+disconcerted by a new mode of publick appearance. Garrick. Mrs.
+Montague's Essay on Shakspeare. Persons of consequence watched in
+London. Learning of the Scots from 1550 to 1650. The arts of civil life
+little known in Scotland till the Union. Life of a sailor. The folly of
+Peter the Great in working in a dock-yard. Arrive at Talisker.
+Presbyterian clergy deficient in learning.  _September 24_. French
+hunting. Young Col. Dr. Birch, Dr. Percy. Lord Hailes. Historical
+impartiality. Whiggism unbecoming in a clergyman.
+
+_September 25_. Every island a prison. A Sky cottage. Return to
+Corrichatachin. Good fellowship carried to excess.
+
+_September 26_. Morning review of last night's intemperance. Old
+Kingsburgh's Jacobite song. Lady Margaret Macdonald adored in Sky.
+Different views of the same subject at different times. Self-deception.
+
+_September 27_. Dr. Johnson's popularity in the Isle of Sky. His
+good-humoured gaiety with a Highland lady.
+
+_September 28_. Ancient Irish pride of family. Dr. Johnson on threshing
+and thatching. Dangerous to increase the price of labour. Arrive at
+Ostig. Dr. M'Pherson's Latin poetry.
+
+_September 29_. Reverend Mr. M'Pherson, Shenstone. Hammond. Sir Charles
+Hanbury Williams.
+
+_September 30_. Mr. Burke the first man every where. Very moderate
+talents requisite to make a figure in the House of Commons. Dr. Young.
+Dr. Doddridge. Increase of infidel writings since the accession of the
+Hanover family. Gradual impression made by Dr. Johnson. Particular
+minutes to be kept of our studies.
+
+_October 1_. Dr. Johnson not answerable for all the words in his
+_Dictionary_. Attacks on authours useful to them. Return to Armidale.
+
+_October 2_. Old manners of great families in Wales. German courts.
+Goldsmith's love of talk. Emigration. Curious story of the people of
+St. Kilda.
+
+_October 3_. Epictetus on the voyage of death. Sail for Mull. A storm.
+Driven into Col.
+
+_October 4_. Dr. Johnson's mode of living in the Temple. His curious
+appearance on a sheltie. Nature of sea-sickness. Burnet's _History of
+his own Times_. Difference between dedications and histories.
+
+_October 5_. People may come to do anything by talking of it. The
+Reverend Mr. Hector Maclean. Bayle. Leibnitz and Clarke. Survey of Col.
+Insular life. Arrive at Breacacha. Dr. Johnson's power of ridicule.
+
+_October 6_. Heritable jurisdictions. The opinion of philosophers
+concerning happiness in a cottage, considered. Advice to landlords.
+
+_October 7_. Books the best solace in a state of confinement.
+
+_October 8_. Pretended brother of Dr. Johnson. No redress for a man's
+name being affixed to a foolish work. Lady Sidney Beauclerk. Carte's
+_Life of the Duke of Ormond_. Col's cabinet. Letters of the great
+Montrose. Present state of the island of Col.
+
+_October 9_. Dr. Johnson's avidity for a variety of books. Improbability
+of a Highland tradition. Dr. Johnson's delicacy of feeling.
+
+_October 10_. Dependence of tenants on landlords.
+
+_October 11_. London and Pekin compared. Dr. Johnson's high opinion of
+the former.
+
+_October 12_. Return to Mr. M'Sweyn's. Other superstitions beside those
+connected with religion. Dr. Johnson disgusted with coarse manners. His
+peculiar habits.
+
+_October 13_. Bustle not necessary to dispatch. _Oats_ the food not of
+the Scotch alone.
+
+_October 14_. Arrive in Mull. Addison's _Remarks on Italy_. Addison not
+much conversant with Italian literature. The French masters of the art
+of accommodating literature. Their _Ana_. Racine. Corneille. Moliere.
+Fenelon. Voltaire. Bossuet. Massillon. Bourdaloue. Virgil's description
+of the entrance into hell, compared to a printing-house.
+
+_October 15_. Erse poetry. Danger of a knowledge of musick. The
+propriety of settling our affairs so as to be always prepared for death.
+Religion and literary attainments not to be described to young persons
+as too hard. Reception of the travellers in their progress. Spence.
+
+_October 16_. Miss Maclean. Account of Mull. The value of an oak
+walking-stick in the Hebrides. Arrive at Mr. M'Quarrie's in Ulva.
+Captain Macleod. Second Sight. _Mercheta Mulierum_, and Borough-English.
+The grounds on which the sale of an estate may be set aside in a court
+of equity.
+
+_October 17_. Arrive at Inchkenneth. Sir Allan Maclean and his
+daughters. None but theological books should be read on Sunday. Dr.
+Campbell. Dr. Johnson exhibited as a Highlander. Thoughts on drinking.
+Dr. Johnson's Latin verses on Inchkenneth.
+
+_October 18_. Young Col's various good qualities. No extraordinary
+talents requisite to success in trade. Dr. Solander. Mr. Burke. Dr.
+Johnson's intrepidity and presence of mind. Singular custom in the
+islands of Col and Otaheite. Further elogium on young Col. Credulity of
+a Frenchman in foreign countries.
+
+_October 19_. Death of young Col. Dr. Johnson slow of belief without
+strong evidence. _La Credulite des incredules_. Coast of Mull. Nun's
+Island. Past scenes pleasing in recollection. Land on Icolmkill.
+_October 20_. Sketch of the ruins of Icolmkill. Influence of solemn
+scenes of piety. Feudal authority in the extreme. Return to Mull.
+
+_October 21_. Pulteney. Pitt. Walpole. Mr. Wilkes. English and Jewish
+history compared. Scotland composed of stone and water, and a little
+earth. Turkish Spy. Dreary ride to Lochbuy. Description of the laird.
+
+_October 22_. Uncommon breakfast offered to Dr. Johnson, and rejected.
+Lochbuy's war-saddle. Sail to Oban.
+
+_October 23_. Goldsmith's _Traveller_. Pope and Cowley compared.
+Archibald Duke of Argyle. Arrive at Inverary. Dr. Johnson drinks some
+whisky, and assigns his reason. Letter from the authour to Mr. Garrick.
+Mr. Garrick's answer.
+
+_October 24_. Specimen of Ogden on Prayer. Hervey's _Meditations_. Dr.
+Johnson's Meditation on a Pudding. Country neighbours. The authour's
+visit to the castle of Inverary. Perverse opposition to the influence of
+Peers in Ayrshire.
+
+_October 25_. Dr. Johnson presented to the Duke of Argyle. Grandeur of
+his grace's seat. The authour possesses himself in an embarrassing
+situation. Honourable Archibald Campbell on _a middle state_. The old
+Lord Townshend. Question concerning luxury. Nice trait of character.
+Good principles and bad practice.
+
+_October 26_. A passage in Home's _Douglas_, and one in _Juvenal_,
+compared. Neglect of religious buildings in Scotland. Arrive at Sir
+James Colquhoun's.
+
+_October 27_. Dr. Johnson's letter to the Duke of Argyle. His grace's
+answer. Lochlomond. Dr. Johnson's sentiments on dress. Forms of prayer
+considered. Arrive at Mr. Smollet's.
+
+_October 28_. Dr. Smollet's Epitaph. Dr. Johnson's wonderful memory. His
+alacrity during the Tour. Arrive at Glasgow.
+
+_October 29_. Glasgow surveyed. Attention of the professors to Dr.
+Johnson.
+
+_October 30_. Dinner at the Earl of Loudoun's. Character of that
+nobleman. Arrive at Treesbank.
+
+_October 31_. Sir John Cunningham of Caprington.
+
+_November 1_. Rules for the distribution of charity. Castle of
+Dundonald. Countess of Eglintoune. Alexander Earl of Eglintoune.
+
+_November 2_. Arrive at Auchinleck. Character of Lord Auchinleck, His
+idea of Dr. Johnson.
+
+_November 3_. Dr. Johnson's sentiments concerning the Highlands. Mr.
+Harris of Salisbury.
+
+_November 4_. Auchinleck. Cattle without horns. Composure of mind how
+far attainable.  _November 5_. Dr. Johnson's high respect for the
+English clergy.
+
+_November 6_. Lord Auchinleck and Dr. Johnson in collision.
+
+_November 7_. Dr. Johnson's uniform piety. His dislike of presbyterian
+worship.
+
+_November 8_. Arrive at Hamilton.
+
+_November 9_. The Duke of Hamilton's house. Arrive at Edinburgh.
+
+_November 10_. Lord Elibank. Difference in political principles
+increased by opposition. Edinburgh Castle. Fingal. English credulity not
+less than Scottish. Second Sight. Garrick and Foote compared as
+companions. Moravian Missions and Methodism.
+
+_November 11_. History originally oral. Dr. Robertson's liberality of
+sentiment. Rebellion natural to man.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Summary account of the manner in which Dr. Johnson spent his time from
+November 12 to November 21. Lord Mansfield, Mr. Richardson. The private
+life of an English Judge. Dr. Johnson's high opinion of Dr. Robertson
+and Dr. Blair. Letter from Dr. Blair to the authour. Officers of the
+army often ignorant of things belonging to their own profession. Academy
+for the deaf and dumb. A Scotch Highlander and an English sailor.
+Attacks on authours advantageous to them. Roslin Castle and Hawthornden.
+Dr. Johnson's _Parody of Sir John Dalrymple's Memoirs_. Arrive at
+Cranston. Dr. Johnson's departure for London. Letters from Lord Hailes
+and Mr. Dempster to the authour. Letter from the Laird of Rasay to the
+authour. The authour's answer. Dr. Johnson's Advertisement,
+acknowledging a mistake in his _Journey to the Western Islands_. His
+letter to the Laird of Rasay. Letter from Sir William Forbes to the
+authour. Conclusion.
+
+
+
+
+     HE WAS OF AN ADMIRABLE PREGNANCY OF WIT, AND THAT PREGNANCY
+     MUCH IMPROVED BY CONTINUAL STUDY FROM HIS CHILDHOOD:
+     BY WHICH HE HAD GOTTEN SUCH A PROMPTNESS IN EXPRESSING HIS
+     MIND, THAT HIS EXTEMPORAL SPEECHES WERE LITTLE INFERIOR TO
+     HIS PREMEDITATED WRITINGS. MANY, NO DOUBT, HAD READ AS MUCH,
+     AND PERHAPS MORE THAN HE; BUT SCARCE EVER ANY CONCOCTED
+     HIS READING INTO JUDGEMENT AS HE DID[8].
+
+     _Baker's Chronicle_ [ed. 1665, p. 449].
+
+
+
+
+THE
+
+JOURNAL
+
+OF A
+
+TOUR TO THE HEBRIDES
+
+WITH
+
+SAMUEL JOHNSON, LL.D.
+
+
+Dr. Johnson had for many years given me hopes that we should go
+together, and visit the Hebrides[9]. Martin's Account of those islands
+had impressed us with a notion that we might there contemplate a system
+of life almost totally different from what we had been accustomed to
+see; and, to find simplicity and wildness, and all the circumstances of
+remote time or place, so near to our native great island, was an object
+within the reach of reasonable curiosity. Dr. Johnson has said in his
+_Journey_[10] 'that he scarcely remembered how the wish to visit the
+Hebrides was excited;' but he told me, in summer, 1763[11], that his
+father put Martin's Account into his hands when he was very young, and
+that he was much pleased with it. We reckoned there would be some
+inconveniencies and hardships, and perhaps a little danger; but these we
+were persuaded were magnified in the imagination of every body. When I
+was at Ferney, in 1764, I mentioned our design to Voltaire. He looked at
+me, as if I had talked of going to the North Pole, and said, 'You do not
+insist on my accompanying you?'--'No, Sir,'--'Then I am very willing
+you should go.' I was not afraid that our curious expedition would be
+prevented by such apprehensions; but I doubted that it would not be
+possible to prevail on Dr. Johnson to relinquish, for some time, the
+felicity of a London life, which, to a man who can enjoy it with full
+intellectual relish, is apt to make existence in any narrower sphere
+seem insipid or irksome. I doubted that he would not be willing to come
+down from his elevated state of philosophical dignity; from a
+superiority of wisdom among the wise, and of learning among the learned;
+and from flashing his wit upon minds bright enough to reflect it.
+
+He had disappointed my expectations so long, that I began to despair;
+but in spring, 1773, he talked of coming to Scotland that year with so
+much firmness, that I hoped he was at last in earnest. I knew that, if
+he were once launched from the metropolis he would go forward very well;
+and I got our common friends there to assist in setting him afloat. To
+Mrs. Thrale in particular, whose enchantment over him seldom failed, I
+was much obliged. It was, '_I'll give thee a wind._'-' _Thou art
+kind._[12]'--To _attract_ him, we had invitations from the chiefs
+Macdonald and Macleod; and, for additional aid, I wrote to Lord
+Elibank[13], Dr. William Robertson, and Dr. Beattie.
+
+To Dr. Robertson, so far as my letter concerned the present subject, I
+wrote as follows:
+
+'Our friend, Mr. Samuel Johnson, is in great health and spirits; and, I
+do think, has a serious resolution to visit Scotland this year. The more
+attraction, however, the better; and therefore, though I know he will be
+happy to meet you there, it will forward the scheme, if, in your answer
+to this, you express yourself concerning it with that power of which you
+are so happily possessed, and which may be so directed as to operate
+strongly upon him.'
+
+His answer to that part of my letter was quite as I could have wished.
+It was written with the address and persuasion of the historian of
+America.  'When I saw you last, you gave us some hopes that you might
+prevail with Mr. Johnson to make out that excursion to Scotland, with
+the expectation of which we have long flattered ourselves. If he could
+order matters so, as to pass some time in Edinburgh, about the close of
+the summer session, and then visit some of the Highland scenes, I am
+confident he would be pleased with the grand features of nature in many
+parts of this country: he will meet with many persons here who respect
+him, and some whom I am persuaded he will think not unworthy of his
+esteem. I wish he would make the experiment. He sometimes cracks his
+jokes upon us; but he will find that we can distinguish between the
+stabs of malevolence, and _the rebukes of the righteous, which are like
+excellent oil[14], and break not the head[15]_. Offer my best
+compliments to him, and assure him that I shall be happy to have the
+satisfaction of seeing him under my roof.
+
+To Dr. Beattie I wrote, 'The chief intention of this letter is to inform
+you, that I now seriously believe Mr. Samuel Johnson will visit Scotland
+this year: but I wish that every power of attraction may be employed to
+secure our having so valuable an acquisition, and therefore I hope you
+will without delay write to me what I know you think, that I may read it
+to the mighty sage, with proper emphasis, before I leave London, which I
+must do soon. He talks of you with the same warmth that he did last
+year[16]. We are to see as much of Scotland as we can, in the months of
+August and September. We shall not be long of being at Marischal
+College[17]. He is particularly desirous of seeing some of the
+Western Islands.'
+
+Dr. Beattie did better: _ipse venit_. He was, however, so polite as to
+wave his privilege of _nil mihi rescribas[18]_, and wrote from
+Edinburgh, as follows:--'Your very kind and agreeable favour of the
+20th of April overtook me here yesterday, after having gone to Aberdeen,
+which place I left about a week ago. I am to set out this day for
+London, and hope to have the honour of paying my respects to Mr. Johnson
+and you, about a week or ten days hence. I shall then do what I can, to
+enforce the topick you mention; but at present I cannot enter upon it,
+as I am in a very great hurry; for I intend to begin my journey within
+an hour or two.'
+
+He was as good as his word, and threw some pleasing motives into the
+northern scale. But, indeed, Mr. Johnson loved all that he heard, from
+one whom he tells us, in his _Lives of the Poets_, Gray found 'a poet, a
+philosopher, and a good man[19].'
+
+My Lord Elibank did not answer my letter to his lordship for some time.
+The reason will appear, when we come to the isle of _Sky_[20]. I shall
+then insert my letter, with letters from his lordship, both to myself
+and Mr. Johnson. I beg it may be understood, that I insert my own
+letters, as I relate my own sayings, rather as keys to what is valuable
+belonging to others, than for their own sake.
+
+Luckily Mr. Justice (now Sir Robert) Chambers[21], who was about to sail
+for the East-Indies, was going to take leave of his relations at
+Newcastle, and he conducted Dr. Johnson to that town. Mr. Scott, of
+University College, Oxford, (now Dr. Scott[22], of the Commons,)
+accompanied him from thence to Edinburgh, With such propitious convoys
+did he proceed to my native city. But, lest metaphor should make it be
+supposed he actually went by sea, I choose to mention that he travelled
+in post-chaises, of which the rapid motion was one of his most favourite
+amusements[23].
+
+Dr. Samuel Johnson's character, religious, moral, political, and
+literary, nay his figure and manner, are, I believe, more generally
+known than those of almost any man; yet it may not be superfluous here
+to attempt a sketch of him. Let my readers then remember that he was a
+sincere and zealous Christian, of high church of England and monarchical
+principles, which he would not tamely suffer to be questioned; steady
+and inflexible in maintaining the obligations of piety and virtue, both
+from a regard to the order of society, and from a veneration for the
+Great Source of all order; correct, nay stern in his taste; hard to
+please, and easily offended, impetuous and irritable in his temper, but
+of a most humane and benevolent heart; having a mind stored with a vast
+and various collection of learning and knowledge, which he communicated
+with peculiar perspicuity and force, in rich and choice expression. He
+united a most logical head with a most fertile imagination, which gave
+him an extraordinary advantage in arguing; for he could reason close or
+wide, as he saw best for the moment. He could, when he chose it, be the
+greatest sophist that ever wielded a weapon in the schools of
+declamation; but he indulged this only in conversation; for he owned he
+sometimes talked for victory[24]; he was too conscientious to make
+errour permanent and pernicious, by deliberately writing it. He was
+conscious of his superiority. He loved praise when it was brought to
+him; but was too proud to seek for it. He was somewhat susceptible of
+flattery[25]. His mind was so full of imagery, that he might have been
+perpetually a poet. It has been often remarked, that in his poetical
+pieces, which it is to be regretted are so few, because so excellent,
+his style is easier than in his prose. There is deception in this: it is
+not easier, but better suited to the dignity of verse; as one may dance
+with grace, whose motions, in ordinary walking, in the common step, are
+awkward. He had a constitutional melancholy, the clouds of which
+darkened the brightness of his fancy, and gave a gloomy cast to his
+whole course of thinking: yet, though grave and awful in his deportment,
+when he thought it necessary or proper, he frequently indulged himself
+in pleasantry and sportive sallies. He was prone to superstition, but
+not to credulity. Though his imagination might incline him to a belief
+of the marvellous and the mysterious, his vigorous reason examined the
+evidence with jealousy. He had a loud voice, and a slow deliberate
+utterance, which no doubt gave some additional weight to the sterling
+metal of his conversation[26]. His person was large, robust, I may say
+approaching to the gigantick, and grown unwieldy from corpulency. His
+countenance was naturally of the cast of an ancient statue, but somewhat
+disfigured by the scars of that _evil_, which, it was formerly imagined,
+the _royal touch_[27] could cure. He was now in his sixty-fourth year,
+and was become a little dull of hearing. His sight had always been
+somewhat weak; yet, so much does mind govern, and even supply the
+deficiency of organs, that his perceptions were uncommonly quick and
+accurate[28]. His head, and sometimes also his body shook with a kind of
+motion like the effect of a palsy: he appeared to be frequently
+disturbed by cramps, or convulsive contractions[29], of the nature of
+that distemper called _St. Vitus's dance_. He wore a full suit of plain
+brown clothes, with twisted hair-buttons[30] of the same colour, a
+large bushy greyish wig, a plain shirt, black worsted stockings, and
+silver buckles. Upon this tour, when journeying, he wore boots, and a
+very wide brown cloth great coat, with pockets which might have almost
+held the two volumes of his folio _Dictionary_; and he carried in his
+hand a large English oak stick. Let me not be censured for mentioning
+such minute particulars. Every thing relative to so great a man is worth
+observing. I remember Dr. Adam Smith, in his rhetorical lectures at
+Glasgow[31], told us he was glad to know that Milton wore latchets in
+his shoes, instead of buckles. When I mention the oak stick, it is but
+letting _Hercules_ have his club; and, by-and-by, my readers will find
+this stick will bud, and produce a good joke[32].
+
+This imperfect sketch of 'the COMBINATION and the _form_[33]' of that
+Wonderful Man, whom I venerated and loved while in this world, and after
+whom I gaze with humble hope, now that it has pleased ALMIGHTY GOD to
+call him to a better world, will serve to introduce to the fancy of my
+readers the capital object of the following journal, in the course of
+which I trust they will attain to a considerable degree of
+acquaintance with him.
+
+His prejudice against Scotland[34] was announced almost as soon as he
+began to appear in the world of Letters. In his _London_, a poem, are
+the following nervous lines:--
+
+     'For who would leave, unbrib'd, Hibernia's land?
+      Or change the rocks of Scotland for the Strand?
+      There none are swept by sudden fate away;
+      But all, whom hunger spares, with age decay.'
+
+The truth is, like the ancient Greeks and Romans, he allowed himself to
+look upon all nations but his own as barbarians[35]: not only Hibernia,
+and Scotland, but Spain, Italy, and France, are attacked in the same
+poem. If he was particularly prejudiced against the Scots, it was
+because they were more in his way; because he thought their success in
+England rather exceeded the due proportion of their real merit; and
+because he could not but see in them that nationality which I believe no
+liberal-minded Scotsman will deny. He was indeed, if I may be allowed
+the phrase, at bottom much of a _John Bull_[36]; much of a blunt _true
+born Englishman_[37]. There was a stratum of common clay under the rock
+of marble. He was voraciously fond of good eating[38]; and he had a
+great deal of that quality called _humour_, which gives an oiliness and
+a gloss to every other quality.
+
+I am, I flatter myself, completely a citizen of the world.--In my
+travels through Holland, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Corsica, France, I
+never felt myself from home; and I sincerely love 'every kindred and
+tongue and people and nation[39].' I subscribe to what my late truly
+learned and philosophical friend Mr. Crosbie[40] said, that the English
+are better animals than the Scots; they are nearer the sun; their blood
+is richer, and more mellow: but when I humour any of them in an
+outrageous contempt of Scotland, I fairly own I treat them as children.
+And thus I have, at some moments, found myself obliged to treat even
+Dr. Johnson.
+
+To Scotland however he ventured; and he returned from it in great good
+humour, with his prejudices much lessened, and with very grateful
+feelings of the hospitality with which he was treated; as is evident
+from that admirable work, his _Journey to the Western Islands of
+Scotland_, which, to my utter astonishment, has been misapprehended,
+even to rancour, by many of my countrymen.  To have the company of
+Chambers and Scott, he delayed his journey so long, that the court of
+session, which rises on the eleventh of August, was broke up before he
+got to Edinburgh[41].
+
+On Saturday the fourteenth of August, 1773, late in the evening, I
+received a note from him, that he was arrived at Boyd's inn[42], at the
+head of the Canongate. I went to him directly. He embraced me cordially;
+and I exulted in the thought, that I now had him actually in Caledonia.
+Mr. Scott's amiable manners, and attachment to our _Socrates_, at once
+united me to him. He told me that, before I came in, the Doctor had
+unluckily had a bad specimen of Scottish cleanliness[43]. He then drank
+no fermented liquor. He asked to have his lemonade made sweeter; upon
+which the waiter, with his greasy fingers, lifted a lump of sugar, and
+put it into it. The Doctor, in indignation, threw it out of the window.
+Scott said, he was afraid he would have knocked the waiter down. Mr.
+Johnson told me, that such another trick was played him at the house of
+a lady in Paris[44]. He was to do me the honour to lodge under my roof.
+I regretted sincerely that I had not also a room for Mr. Scott. Mr.
+Johnson and I walked arm-in-arm up the High=street, to my house in
+James's court[45]: it was a dusky night: I could not prevent his being
+assailed by the evening effluvia of Edinburgh. I heard a late baronet,
+of some distinction in the political world in the beginning of the
+present reign, observe, that 'walking the streets of Edinburgh at night
+was pretty perilous, and a good deal odoriferous.' The peril is much
+abated, by the care which the magistrates have taken to enforce the city
+laws against throwing foul water from the windows[46]; but from the
+structure of the houses in the old town, which consist of many stories,
+in each of which a different family lives, and there being no covered
+sewers, the ordour still continues. A zealous Scotsman would have wished
+Mr. Johnson to be without one of his five senses upon this occasion. As
+we marched slowly along, he grumbled in my ear, 'I smell you in the
+dark[47]!' But he acknowledged that the breadth of the street, and the
+loftiness of the buildings on each side made a noble appearance[48].
+
+My wife had tea ready for him, which it is well known he delighted to
+drink at all hours, particularly when sitting up late, and of which his
+able defence against Mr. Jonas Hanway[49] should have obtained him a
+magnificent reward from the East-India Company. He shewed much
+complacency upon finding that the mistress of the house was so attentive
+to his singular habit; and as no man could be more polite when he chose
+to be so, his address to her was most courteous and engaging; and his
+conversation soon charmed her into a forgetfulness of his external
+appearance[50].
+
+I did not begin to keep a regular full journal till some days after we
+had set out from Edinburgh; but I have luckily preserved a good many
+fragments of his _Memorabilia_ from his very first evening in Scotland.
+
+We had, a little before this, had a trial for murder, in which the
+judges had allowed the lapse of twenty years since its commission as a
+plea in bar, in conformity with the doctrine of prescription in the
+_civil_ law, which Scotland and several other countries in Europe have
+adopted. He at first disapproved of this; but then he thought there was
+something in it, if there had been for twenty years a neglect to
+prosecute a crime which was _known_. He would not allow that a murder,
+by not being _discovered_ for twenty years, should escape
+punishment[51]. We talked of the ancient trial by duel. He did not think
+it so absurd as is generally supposed; 'For (said he) it was only
+allowed when the question was _in equilibrio_, as when one affirmed and
+another denied; and they had a notion that Providence would interfere in
+favour of him who was in the right. But as it was found that in a duel,
+he who was in the right had not a better chance than he who was in the
+wrong, therefore society instituted the present mode of trial, and gave
+the advantage to him who is in the right.'
+
+We sat till near two in the morning, having chatted a good while after
+my wife left us. She had insisted, that to shew all respect to the Sage
+she would give up her own bed-chamber to him and take a worse[52]. This
+I cannot but gratefully mention, as one of a thousand obligations which
+I owe her, since the great obligation of her being pleased to accept of
+me as her husband[53].
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, AUGUST 15[54]
+
+Mr. Scott came to breakfast, at which I introduced to Dr. Johnson and
+him, my friend Sir William Forbes, now of Pitsligo[55]; a man of whom
+too much good cannot be said; who, with distinguished abilities and
+application in his profession of a Banker, is at once a good companion,
+and a good christian; which I think is saying enough. Yet it is but
+justice to record, that once, when he was in a dangerous illness, he was
+watched with the anxious apprehension of a general calamity; day and
+night his house was beset with affectionate enquiries; and, upon his
+recovery, _Te deum_ was the universal chorus from the _hearts_ of his
+countrymen.  Mr. Johnson was pleased with my daughter Veronica[56],
+then a child of about four months old. She had the appearance of
+listening to him. His motions seemed to her to be intended for her
+amusement; and when he stopped, she fluttered, and made a little
+infantine noise, and a kind of signal for him to begin again. She would
+be held close to him; which was a proof, from simple nature, that his
+figure was not horrid. Her fondness for him endeared her still more to
+me, and I declared she should have five hundred pounds of additional
+fortune[57].
+
+We talked of the practice of the law. Sir William Forbes said, he
+thought an honest lawyer should never undertake a cause which he was
+satisfied was not a just one. 'Sir, (said Mr. Johnson,) a lawyer has no
+business with the justice or injustice of the cause which he undertakes,
+unless his client asks his opinion, and then he is bound to give it
+honestly. The justice or injustice of the cause is to be decided by the
+judge. Consider, Sir; what is the purpose of courts of justice? It is,
+that every man may have his cause fairly tried, by men appointed to try
+causes. A lawyer is not to tell what he knows to be a lie: he is not to
+produce what he knows to be a false deed; but he is not to usurp the
+province of the jury and of the judge, and determine what shall be the
+effect of evidence,--what shall be the result of legal argument. As it
+rarely happens that a man is fit to plead his own cause, lawyers are a
+class of the community, who, by study and experience, have acquired the
+art and power of arranging evidence, and of applying to the points at
+issue what the law has settled. A lawyer is to do for his client all
+that his client might fairly do for himself, if he could. If, by a
+superiority of attention, of knowledge, of skill, and a better method of
+communication, he has the advantage of his adversary, it is an
+advantage to which he is entitled. There must always be some advantage,
+on one side or other; and it is better that advantage should be had by
+talents than by chance. Lawyers were to undertake no causes till they
+were sure they were just, a man might be precluded altogether from a
+trial of his claim, though, were it judicially examined it might be
+found a very just claim[58].' This was sound practical doctrine, and
+rationally repressed a too refined scrupulosity[59] of conscience.
+
+Emigration was at this time a common topick of discourse[60]. Dr.
+Johnson regretted it as hurtful to human happiness: 'For (said he) it
+spreads mankind, which weakens the defence of a nation, and lessens the
+comfort of living. Men, thinly scattered, make a shift, but a bad shift,
+without many things. A smith is ten miles off: they'll do without a nail
+or a staple. A taylor is far from them: they'll botch their own clothes.
+It is being concentrated which produces high convenience[61].'
+
+Sir William Forbes, Mr. Scott, and I, accompanied Mr. Johnson to the
+chapel[62], founded by Lord Chief Baron Smith, for the Service of the
+Church of England. The Reverend Mr. Carre, the senior clergyman,
+preached from these words, 'Because the Lord reigneth, let the earth be
+glad[63].' I was sorry to think Mr. Johnson did not attend to the
+sermon, Mr. Carre's low voice not being strong enough to reach his
+hearing. A selection of Mr. Carre's sermons has, since his death, been
+published by Sir William Forbes[64], and the world has acknowledged
+their uncommon merit. I am well assured Lord Mansfield has pronounced
+them to be excellent.
+
+Here I obtained a promise from Lord Chief Baron Orde[65], that he would
+dine at my house next day. I presented Mr. Johnson to his Lordship, who
+politely said to him, I have not the honour of knowing you; but I hope
+for it, and to see you at my house. I am to wait on you to-morrow.' This
+respectable English judge will be long remembered in Scotland, where he
+built an elegant house, and lived in it magnificently. His own ample
+fortune, with the addition of his salary, enabled him to be splendidly
+hospitable. It may be fortunate for an individual amongst ourselves to
+be Lord Chief Baron; and a most worthy man now has the office; but, in
+my opinion, it is better for Scotland in general, that some of our
+publick employments should be filled by gentlemen of distinction from
+the south side of the Tweed, as we have the benefit of promotion in
+England. Such an interchange would make a beneficial mixture of manners,
+and render our union more complete. Lord Chief Baron Orde was on good
+terms with us all, in a narrow country filled with jarring interests and
+keen parties; and, though I well knew his opinion to be the same with my
+own, he kept himself aloof at a very critical period indeed, when the
+_Douglas cause_ shook the sacred security of _birthright_ in Scotland
+to its foundation; a cause, which had it happened before the Union, when
+there was no appeal to a British House of Lords, would have left the
+great fortress of honours and of property in ruins[66].  When we got
+home, Dr. Johnson desired to see my books. He took down Ogden's _Sermons
+on Prayer_[67], on which I set a very high value, having been much
+edified by them, and he retired with them to his room. He did not stay
+long, but soon joined us in the drawing room. I presented to him Mr.
+Robert Arbuthnot, a relation of the celebrated Dr. Arbuthnot[68], and a
+man of literature and taste. To him we were obliged for a previous
+recommendation, which secured us a very agreeable reception at St.
+Andrews, and which Dr. Johnson, in his _Journey_, ascribes to 'some
+invisible friend[69].'
+
+Of Dr. Beattie, Mr. Johnson said, 'Sir, he has written like a man
+conscious of the truth, and feeling his own strength[70]. Treating your
+adversary with respect is giving him an advantage to which he is not
+entitled[71]. The greatest part of men cannot judge of reasoning, and
+are impressed by character; so that, if you allow your adversary a
+respectable character, they will think, that though you differ from him,
+you may be in the wrong. Sir, treating your adversary with respect, is
+striking soft in a battle. And as to Hume,--a man who has so much
+conceit as to tell all mankind that they have been bubbled[72] for ages,
+and he is the wise man who sees better than they,--a man who has so
+little scrupulosity as to venture to oppose those principles which have
+been thought necessary to human happiness,--is he to be surprized if
+another man comes and laughs at him? If he is the great man he thinks
+himself, all this cannot hurt him: it is like throwing peas against a
+rock.' He added '_something much too rough_' both as to Mr. Hume's head
+and heart, which I suppress. Violence is, in my opinion, not suitable to
+the Christian cause. Besides, I always lived on good terms with Mr.
+Hume, though I have frankly told him, I was not clear that it was right
+in me to keep company with him. 'But, (said I) how much better are you
+than your books!' He was cheerful, obliging, and instructive; he was
+charitable to the poor; and many an agreeable hour have I passed with
+him[73]: I have preserved some entertaining and interesting memoirs of
+him, particularly when he knew himself to be dying, which I may some
+time or other communicate to the world[74]. I shall not, however, extol
+him so very highly as Dr. Adam Smith does, who says, in a letter to Mr.
+Strahan the Printer (not a confidential letter to his friend, but a
+letter which is published[75] with all formality:) 'Upon the whole, I
+have always considered him, both in his life time and since his death,
+as approaching as nearly to the idea of a perfectly wise and virtuous
+man as perhaps the nature of human frailty will permit.' Let Dr. Smith
+consider: Was not Mr. Hume blest with good health, good spirits, good
+friends, a competent and increasing fortune? And had he not also a
+perpetual feast of fame[76]? But, as a learned friend has observed to
+me, 'What trials did he undergo to prove the perfection of his virtue?
+Did he ever experience any great instance of adversity?'--When I read
+this sentence delivered by my old _Professor of Moral Philosophy_, I
+could not help exclaiming with the _Psalmist_, 'Surely I have now more
+understanding than my teachers[77]!'
+
+While we were talking, there came a note to me from Dr. William
+Robertson.
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+   'I have been expecting every day to hear from you, of Dr. Johnson's
+arrival. Pray, what do you know about his motions? I long
+to take him by the hand. I write this from the college, where I have
+only this scrap of paper. Ever yours,
+
+'W. R.'
+
+'Sunday.'
+
+It pleased me to find Dr. Robertson thus eager to meet Dr. Johnson. I
+was glad I could answer, that he was come: and I begged Dr. Robertson
+might be with us as soon as he could.
+
+Sir William Forbes, Mr. Scott, Mr. Arbuthnot, and another gentleman
+dined with us. 'Come, Dr. Johnson, (said I,) it is commonly thought that
+our veal in Scotland is not good. But here is some which I believe you
+will like.' There was no catching him. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, what is
+commonly thought, I should take to be true. _Your_ veal may be good; but
+that will only be an exception to the general opinion; not a proof
+against it.'
+
+Dr. Robertson, according to the custom of Edinburgh at that time, dined
+in the interval between the forenoon and afternoon service, which was
+then later than now; so we had not the pleasure of his company till
+dinner was over, when he came and drank wine with us. And then began
+some animated dialogue[78], of which here follows a pretty full note.
+
+We talked of Mr. Burke. Dr. Johnson said, he had great variety of
+knowledge, store of imagery, copiousness of language. ROBERTSON. 'He has
+wit too.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; he never succeeds there. 'Tis low; 'tis
+conceit. I used to say, Burke never once made a good joke[79]. What I
+most envy Burke for, is his being constantly the same. He is never what
+we call hum-drum; never unwilling to begin to talk, nor in haste to
+leave off.' BOSWELL. 'Yet he can listen.' JOHNSON. 'No: I cannot say he
+is good at that[80]. So desirous is he to talk, that, if one is speaking
+at this end of the table, he'll speak to somebody at the other end.
+Burke, Sir, is such a man, that if you met him for the first time in the
+street where you were stopped by a drove of oxen, and you and he stepped
+aside to take shelter but for five minutes, he'd talk to you in such a
+manner, that, when you parted, you would say, this is an extraordinary
+man[81]. Now, you may be long enough with me, without finding any thing
+extraordinary.' He said, he believed Burke was intended for the law; but
+either had not money enough to follow it, or had not diligence
+enough[82]. He said, he could not understand how a man could apply to
+one thing, and not to another. ROBERTSON said, one man had more
+judgment, another more imagination. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; it is only, one
+man has more mind than another. He may direct it differently; he may, by
+accident, see the success of one kind of study, and take a desire to
+excel in it. I am persuaded that, had Sir Isaac Newton applied to
+poetry, he would have made a very fine epick poem. I could as easily
+apply to law as to tragick poetry.' BOSWELL. 'Yet, Sir, you did apply to
+tragick poetry, not to law.' JOHNSON. 'Because, Sir, I had not money to
+study law. Sir, the man who has vigour, may walk to the east, just as
+well as to the west, if he happens to turn his head that way[83].'
+BOSWELL. 'But, Sir, 'tis like walking up and down a hill; one man will
+naturally do the one better than the other. A hare will run up a hill
+best, from her fore-legs being short; a dog down.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir;
+that is from mechanical powers. If you make mind mechanical, you may
+argue in that manner. One mind is a vice, and holds fast; there's a good
+memory. Another is a file; and he is a disputant, a controversialist.
+Another is a razor; and he is sarcastical.' We talked of Whitefield. He
+said he was at the same college with him[84], and knew him _before he
+began to be better than other people_ (smiling;) that he believed he
+sincerely meant well, but had a mixture of politicks and ostentation:
+whereas Wesley thought of religion only[85]. ROBERTSON said, Whitefield
+had strong natural eloquence, which, if cultivated, would have done
+great things. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, I take it, he was at the height of
+what his abilities could do, and was sensible of it. He had the ordinary
+advantages of education; but he chose to pursue that oratory which is
+for the mob[86].' BOSWELL. 'He had great effect on the passions.'
+JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, I don't think so. He could not represent a
+succession of pathetic images. He vociferated, and made an impression.
+_There_, again, was a mind like a hammer.' Dr. Johnson now said, a
+certain eminent political friend of our's[87] was wrong, in his maxim of
+sticking to a certain set of _men_ on all occasions. 'I can see that a
+man may do right to stick to a _party_ (said he;) that is to say, he is
+a _Whig_, or he is a _Tory_, and he thinks one of those parties upon the
+whole the best, and that to make it prevail, it must be generally
+supported, though, in particulars it may be wrong. He takes its faggot
+of principles, in which there are fewer rotten sticks than in the other,
+though some rotten sticks to be sure; and they cannot well be separated.
+But, to bind one's self to one man, or one set of men, (who may be right
+to-day and wrong to-morrow,) without any general preference of system, I
+must disapprove[88].'
+
+He told us of Cooke, who translated Hesiod, and lived twenty years on a
+translation of Plautus, for which he was always taking subscriptions;
+and that he presented Foote to a Club, in the following singular manner:
+'This is the nephew of the gentleman who was lately hung in chains for
+murdering his brother[89].'  In the evening I introduced to Mr.
+Johnson[90] two good friends of mine, Mr. William Nairne, Advocate, and
+Mr. Hamilton of Sundrum, my neighbour in the country, both of whom
+supped with us. I have preserved nothing of what passed, except that Dr.
+Johnson displayed another of his heterodox opinions,--a contempt of
+tragick acting[91]. He said, 'the action of all players in tragedy is
+bad. It should be a man's study to repress those signs of emotion and
+passion, as they are called.' He was of a directly contrary opinion to
+that of Fielding, in his _Tom Jones_; who makes Partridge say, of
+Garrick, 'why, I could act as well as he myself. I am sure, if I had
+seen a ghost, I should have looked in the very same manner, and done
+just as he did[92].' For, when I asked him, 'Would you not, Sir, start
+as Mr. Garrick does, if you saw a ghost?' He answered, 'I hope not. If I
+did, I should frighten the ghost.'
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, AUGUST 16.
+
+Dr. William Robertson came to breakfast. We talked of _Ogden on Prayer_.
+Dr. Johnson said, 'The same arguments which are used against GOD'S
+hearing prayer, will serve against his rewarding good, and punishing
+evil. He has resolved, he has declared, in the former case as in the
+latter.' He had last night looked into Lord Hailes's _Remarks on the
+History of Scotland_. Dr. Robertson and I said, it was a pity Lord
+Hailes did not write greater things. His lordship had not then published
+his _Annals of Scotland_[93]. JOHNSON. 'I remember I was once on a
+visit at the house of a lady for whom I had a high respect. There was a
+good deal of company in the room. When they were gone, I said to this
+lady, "What foolish talking have we had!" "Yes, (said she,) but while
+they talked, you said nothing." I was struck with the reproof. How much
+better is the man who does anything that is innocent, than he who does
+nothing. Besides, I love anecdotes[94]. I fancy mankind may come, in
+time, to write all aphoristically, except in narrative; grow weary of
+preparation, and connection, and illustration, and all those arts by
+which a big book is made. If a man is to wait till he weaves anecdotes
+into a system, we may be long in getting them, and get but few, in
+comparison of what we might get.
+
+Dr. Robertson said, the notions of _Eupham Macallan_, a fanatick woman,
+of whom Lord Hailes gives a sketch, were still prevalent among some of
+the Presbyterians; and therefore it was right in Lord Hailes, a man of
+known piety, to undeceive them[95].
+
+We walked out[96], that Dr. Johnson might see some of the things which
+we have to shew at Edinburgh. We went to the Parliament-House[97],
+where the Parliament of Scotland sat, and where the _Ordinary Lords_ of
+Session hold their courts; and to the New Session-House adjoining to it,
+where our Court of Fifteen (the fourteen _Ordinaries_, with the Lord
+President at their head,) sit as a court of Review. We went to the
+_Advocates Library_[98], of which Dr. Johnson took a cursory view, and
+then to what is called the _Laigh_[99] (or under) Parliament-House,
+where the records of Scotland, which has an universal security by
+register, are deposited, till the great Register Office be finished. I
+was pleased to behold Dr. Samuel Johnson rolling about in this old
+magazine of antiquities. There was, by this time, a pretty numerous
+circle of us attending upon him. Somebody talked of happy moments for
+composition; and how a man can write at one time, and not at another.
+'Nay, (said Dr. Johnson,) a man may write at any time, if he will set
+himself _doggedly_[100] to it.'
+
+I here began to indulge _old Scottish_[101] sentiments, and to express a
+warm regret, that, by our Union with _England_, we were no more;--our
+independent kingdom was lost[102]. JOHNSON. 'Sir, never talk of your
+independency, who could let your Queen remain twenty years in captivity,
+and then be put to death, without even a pretence of justice, without
+your ever attempting to rescue her; and such a Queen too; as every man
+of any gallantry of spirit would have sacrificed his life for[103].'
+Worthy Mr. JAMES KERR, Keeper of the Records. 'Half our nation was
+bribed by English money.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, that is no defence: that makes
+you worse.' Good Mr. BROWN, Keeper of the Advocates' Library. 'We had
+better say nothing about it.' BOSWELL. 'You would have been glad,
+however, to have had us last war, sir, to fight your battles!' JOHNSON.
+'We should have had you for the same price, though there had been no
+Union, as we might have had Swiss, or other troops. No, no, I shall
+agree to a separation. You have only to _go home_.' Just as he had said
+this, I, to divert the subject, shewed him the signed assurances of the
+three successive Kings of the Hanover family, to maintain the
+Presbyterian establishment in Scotland. 'We'll give you that (said he)
+into the bargain.'
+
+We next went to the great church of St. Giles, which has lost its
+original magnificence in the inside, by being divided into four places
+of Presbyterian worship[104]. 'Come, (said Dr. Johnson jocularly to
+Principal Robertson[105],) let me see what was once a church!' We
+entered that division which was formerly called the _New Church_, and of
+late the _High Church_, so well known by the eloquence of Dr. Hugh
+Blair. It is now very elegantly fitted up; but it was then shamefully
+dirty[106]. Dr. Johnson said nothing at the time; but when we came to
+the great door of the Royal Infirmary, where upon a board was this
+inscription, '_Clean your feet!_' he turned about slyly and said, 'There
+is no occasion for putting this at the doors of your churches!'
+
+We then conducted him down the Post-house stairs, Parliament-close, and
+made him look up from the Cow-gate to the highest building in Edinburgh,
+(from which he had just descended,) being thirteen floors or stories
+from the ground upon the back elevation; the front wall being built upon
+the edge of the hill, and the back wall rising from the bottom of the
+hill several stories before it comes to a level with the front wall. We
+proceeded to the College, with the Principal at our head. Dr. Adam
+Fergusson, whose _Essay on the History of Civil Society[107]_ gives him
+a respectable place in the ranks of literature, was with us. As the
+College buildings[108] are indeed very mean, the Principal said to Dr.
+Johnson, that he must give them the same epithet that a Jesuit did when
+shewing a poor college abroad: '_Hae miseriae nostrae_.' Dr. Johnson
+was, however, much pleased with the library, and with the conversation
+of Dr. James Robertson, Professor of Oriental Languages, the Librarian.
+We talked of Kennicot's edition of the Hebrew Bible[109], and hoped it
+would be quite faithful. JOHNSON. 'Sir, I know not any crime so great
+that a man could contrive to commit, as poisoning the sources of
+eternal truth.'
+
+I pointed out to him where there formerly stood an old wall enclosing
+part of the college, which I remember bulged out in a threatening
+manner, and of which there was a common tradition similar to that
+concerning _Bacon's_ study at Oxford, that it would fall upon some very
+learned man[110]. It had some time before this been taken down, that the
+street might be widened, and a more convenient wall built. Dr. Johnson,
+glad of an opportunity to have a pleasant hit at Scottish learning,
+said, 'they have been afraid it never would fall.'
+
+We shewed him the Royal Infirmary, for which, and for every other
+exertion of generous publick spirit in his power, that noble-minded
+citizen of Edinburgh, George Drummond, will be ever held in honourable
+remembrance. And we were too proud not to carry him to the Abbey of
+Holyrood-house, that beautiful piece of architecture, but, alas! that
+deserted mansion of royalty, which Hamilton of Bangour, in one of his
+elegant poems, calls
+
+     'A virtuous palace, where no monarch dwells[111].'
+
+I was much entertained while Principal Robertson fluently harangued to
+Dr. Johnson, upon the spot, concerning scenes of his celebrated _History
+of Scotland_. We surveyed that part of the palace appropriated to the
+Duke of Hamilton, as Keeper, in which our beautiful Queen Mary lived,
+and in which David Rizzio was murdered; and also the State Rooms. Dr.
+Johnson was a great reciter of all sorts of things serious or comical. I
+overheard him repeating here in a kind of muttering tone, a line of the
+old ballad, _Johnny Armstrong's Last Good Night_:
+
+     'And ran him through the fair body[112]!'
+
+We returned to my house, where there met him, at dinner, the Duchess of
+Douglas[113], Sir Adolphus Oughton, Lord Chief Baron, Sir William
+Forbes, Principal Robertson, Mr. Cullen[114], Advocate. Before dinner he
+told us of a curious conversation between the famous George
+Faulkner[115] and him. George said that England had drained Ireland of
+fifty thousand pounds in specie, annually, for fifty years. 'How so,
+Sir! (said Dr. Johnson,) you must have a very great trade?' 'No trade.'
+'Very rich mines?' 'No mines.' 'From whence, then, does all this money
+come?' 'Come! why out of the blood and bowels of the poor people
+of Ireland!'
+
+He seemed to me to have an unaccountable prejudice against Swift[116];
+for I once took the liberty to ask him, if Swift had personally offended
+him, and he told me he had not. He said to-day, 'Swift is clear, but he
+is shallow. In coarse humour, he is inferior to Arbuthnot[117]; in
+delicate humour, he is inferior to Addison. So he is inferior to his
+contemporaries; without putting him against the whole world. I doubt if
+the _Tale of a Tub_ was his[118]: it has so much more thinking, more
+knowledge, more power, more colour, than any of the works which are
+indisputably his. If it was his, I shall only say, he was _impar
+sibi_[119].'
+
+We gave him as good a dinner as we could. Our Scotch muir-fowl, or
+growse, were then abundant, and quite in season; and so far as wisdom
+and wit can be aided by administering agreeable sensations to the
+palate, my wife took care that our great guest should not be deficient.
+
+Sir Adolphus Oughton, then our Deputy Commander in Chief, who was not
+only an excellent officer, but one of the most universal scholars I ever
+knew, had learned the Erse language, and expressed his belief in the
+authenticity of Ossian's Poetry[120]. Dr. Johnson took the opposite side
+of that perplexed question; and I was afraid the dispute would have run
+high between them. But Sir Adolphus, who had a very sweet temper,
+changed the discourse, grew playful, laughed at Lord Monboddo's[121]
+notion of men having tails, and called him a Judge, _a posteriori_,
+which amused Dr. Johnson; and thus hostilities were prevented.
+
+At supper[122] we had Dr. Cullen, his son the advocate, Dr. Adam
+Fergusson, and Mr. Crosbie, advocate. Witchcraft was introduced[123].
+Mr. Crosbie said, he thought it the greatest blasphemy to suppose evil
+spirits counteracting the Deity, and raising storms, for instance, to
+destroy his creatures. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, if moral evil be consistent
+with the government of the Deity, why may not physical evil be also
+consistent with it? It is not more strange that there should be evil
+spirits, than evil men: evil unembodied spirits, than evil embodied
+spirits. And as to storms, we know there are such things; and it is no
+worse that evil spirits raise them, than that they rise.' CROSBIE. 'But
+it is not credible, that witches should have effected what they are said
+in stories to have done.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, I am not defending their
+credibility. I am only saying, that your arguments are not good, and
+will not overturn the belief of witchcraft.--(Dr. Fergusson said to me,
+aside, 'He is right.')--And then, Sir, you have all mankind, rude and
+civilized, agreeing in the belief of the agency of preternatural powers.
+You must take evidence: you must consider, that wise and great men have
+condemned witches to die[124].' CROSBIE. 'But an act of parliament put
+an end to witchcraft[125].' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; witchcraft had ceased;
+and therefore an act of parliament was passed to prevent persecution for
+what was not witchcraft. Why it ceased, we cannot tell, as we cannot
+tell the reason of many other things.'--Dr. Cullen, to keep up the
+gratification of mysterious disquisition, with the grave address for
+which he is remarkable in his companionable as in his professional
+hours, talked, in a very entertaining manner, of people walking and
+conversing in their sleep. I am very sorry I have no note of this. We
+talked of the _Ouran-Outang_, and of Lord Monboddo's thinking that he
+might be taught to speak. Dr. Johnson treated this with ridicule. Mr.
+Crosbie said, that Lord Monboddo believed the existence of every thing
+possible; in short, that all which is in _posse_ might be found in
+_esse_. JOHNSON. 'But, Sir, it is as possible that the _Ouran-Outang_
+does not speak, as that he speaks. However, I shall not contest the
+point. I should have thought it not possible to find a Monboddo; yet
+_he_ exists.' I again mentioned the stage. JOHNSON. 'The appearance of a
+player, with whom I have drunk tea, counteracts the imagination that he
+is the character he represents. Nay, you know, nobody imagines that he
+is the character he represents. They say, "See _Garrick!_ how he looks
+to night! See how he'll clutch the dagger!" That is the buz of the
+theatre[126].'
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, AUGUST 17.
+
+Sir William Forbes came to breakfast, and brought with him Dr.
+Blacklock[127], whom he introduced to Dr. Johnson, who received him with
+a most humane complacency; 'Dear Dr. Blacklock, I am glad to see you!'
+Blacklock seemed to be much surprized, when Dr. Johnson said, 'it was
+easier to him to write poetry than to compose his _Dictionary_[128]. His
+mind was less on the stretch in doing the one than the other. Besides;
+composing a _Dictionary_ requires books and a desk: you can make a poem
+walking in the fields, or lying in bed. Dr. Blacklock spoke of
+scepticism in morals and religion, with apparent uneasiness, as if he
+wished for more certainty[129]. Dr. Johnson, who had thought it all
+over, and whose vigorous understanding was fortified by much experience,
+thus encouraged the blind Bard to apply to higher speculations what we
+all willingly submit to in common life: in short, he gave him more
+familiarly the able and fair reasoning of Butler's _Analogy_: 'Why, Sir,
+the greatest concern we have in this world, the choice of our
+profession, must be determined without demonstrative reasoning. Human
+life is not yet so well known, as that we can have it. And take the case
+of a man who is ill. I call two physicians: they differ in opinion. I am
+not to lie down, and die between them: I must do something.' The
+conversation then turned on Atheism; on that horrible book, _Systeme de
+la Nature_[130]; and on the supposition of an eternal necessity, without
+design, without a governing mind. JOHNSON. 'If it were so, why has it
+ceased? Why don't we see men thus produced around us now? Why, at least,
+does it not keep pace, in some measure, with the progress of time? If
+it stops because there is now no need of it, then it is plain there is,
+and ever has been, an all powerful intelligence. But stay! (said he,
+with one of his satyrick laughs[131].) Ha! ha! ha! I shall suppose
+Scotchmen made necessarily, and Englishmen by choice.'
+
+At dinner this day, we had Sir Alexander Dick, whose amiable character,
+and ingenious and cultivated mind, are so generally known; (he was then
+on the verge of seventy, and is now (1785) eighty-one, with his
+faculties entire, his heart warm, and his temper gay;) Sir David
+Dalrymple, Lord Hailes; Mr. Maclaurin[132], advocate; Dr. Gregory, who
+now worthily fills his father's medical chair[133]; and my uncle, Dr.
+Boswell. This was one of Dr. Johnson's best days. He was quite in his
+element. All was literature and taste, without any interruption. Lord
+Hailes, who is one of the best philologists in Great Britain, who has
+written papers in _The World_[134], and a variety of other works in
+prose and in verse, both Latin and English, pleased him highly. He told
+him, he had discovered the life of _Cheynel_, in _The Student_[135], to
+be his. JOHNSON. 'No one else knows it.' Dr. Johnson had, before this,
+dictated to me a law-paper, upon a question purely in the law of
+Scotland, concerning _vicious intromission_[136], that is to say,
+intermeddling with the effects of a deceased person, without a regular
+title; which formerly was understood to subject the intermeddler to
+payment of all the defunct's debts. The principle has of late been
+relaxed. Dr. Johnson's argument was, for a renewal of its strictness.
+The paper was printed, with additions by me, and given into the Court of
+Session. Lord Hailes knew Dr. Johnson's part not to be mine, and pointed
+out exactly where it began, and where it ended. Dr. Johnson said, 'It is
+much, now, that his lordship can distinguish so.'  In Dr. Johnson's
+_Vanity of Human Wishes_, there is the following passage:--
+
+     'The teeming mother, anxious for her race,
+      Begs, for each birth, the fortune of a face:
+      Yet _Vane_ could tell, what ills from beauty spring,
+      And _Sedley_ curs'd the charms which pleas'd a king[137].'
+
+Lord Hailes told him, he was mistaken in the instances he had given of
+unfortunate fair ones; for neither _Vane_ nor _Sedley_ had a title to
+that description. His Lordship has since been so obliging as to send me
+a note of this, for the communication of which I am sure my readers
+will thank me.
+
+'The lines in the tenth Satire of Juvenal, according to my alteration,
+should have run thus:--
+
+     'Yet _Shore_[138] could tell-----;
+      And _Valiere_[139] curs'd------.'
+
+'The first was a penitent by compulsion, the second by sentiment; though
+the truth is, Mademoiselle de la Valiere threw herself (but still from
+sentiment) in the King's way.
+
+'Our friend chose _Vane_[140], who was far from being well-looked; and
+_Sedley_, who was so ugly, that Charles II. said, his brother had her by
+way of penance[141].'
+
+Mr. Maclaurin's learning and talents enabled him to do his part very
+well in Dr. Johnson's company. He produced two epitaphs upon his
+father, the celebrated mathematician[142]. One was in English, of which
+Dr. Johnson did not change one word. In the other, which was in Latin,
+he made several alterations. In place of the very words of _Virgil_,
+'_Ubi luctus et pavor et plurima mortis imago_[143],' he wrote '_Ubi
+luctus regnant et pavor_.' He introduced the word _prorsus_ into the
+line '_Mortalibus prorsus non absit solatium_,' and after '_Hujus enim
+scripta evolve_,' he added '_Mentemque tantarum rerum capacem corpori
+caduco superstitem crede_;' which is quite applicable to Dr. Johnson
+himself[144].
+
+Mr. Murray, advocate, who married a niece of Lord Mansfield's, and is
+now one of the judges of Scotland, by the title of Lord _Henderland_,
+sat with us a part of the evening; but did not venture to say any thing,
+that I remember, though he is certainly possessed of talents which would
+have enabled him to have shewn himself to advantage, if too great
+anxiety had not prevented him.
+
+At supper we had Dr. Alexander Webster, who, though not, learned, had
+such a knowledge of mankind, such a fund of information and
+entertainment, so clear a head and such accommodating manners, that Dr.
+Johnson found him a very agreeable companion.
+
+When Dr. Johnson and I were left by ourselves, I read to him my notes of
+the Opinions of our Judges upon the questions of Literary Property[145].
+He did not like them; and said, 'they make me think of your Judges not
+with that respect which I should wish to do.' To the argument of one of
+them, that there can be no property in blasphemy or nonsense, he
+answered, 'then your rotten sheep are mine! By that rule, when a man's
+house falls into decay, he must lose it.' I mentioned an argument of
+mine, that literary performances are not taxed. As _Churchill_ says,
+
+     'No statesman yet has thought it worth his pains
+      To tax our labours, or excise our brains[146];'
+
+and therefore they are not property. 'Yet, (said he,) we hang a man for
+stealing a horse, and horses are not taxed.' Mr. Pitt has since put an
+end to that argument[147].
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 18.
+
+On this day we set out from Edinburgh. We should gladly have had Mr.
+Scott to go with us; but he was obliged to return to England.--I have
+given a sketch of Dr. Johnson: my readers may wish to know a little of
+his fellow traveller[148]. Think then, of a gentleman of ancient blood,
+the pride of which was his predominant passion. He was then in his
+thirty-third year, and had been about four years happily married. His
+inclination was to be a soldier[149]; but his father, a respectable[150]
+Judge, had pressed him into the profession of the law. He had travelled
+a good deal, and seen many varieties of human life. He had thought more
+than any body supposed, and had a pretty good stock of general learning
+and knowledge[151]. He had all Dr. Johnson's principles, with some
+degree of relaxation. He had rather too little, than too much prudence;
+and, his imagination being lively, he often said things of which the
+effect was very different from the intention[152]. He resembled sometimes
+
+     'The best good man, with the worst natur'd muse[153].'
+
+He cannot deny himself the vanity of finishing with the encomium of Dr.
+Johnson, whose friendly partiality to the companion of his Tour
+represents him as one 'whose acuteness would help my enquiry, and whose
+gaiety of conversation, and civility of manners, are sufficient to
+counteract the inconveniences of travel, in countries less hospitable
+than we have passed[154].'  Dr. Johnson thought it unnecessary to put
+himself to the additional expence of bringing with him Francis Barber,
+his faithful black servant; so we were attended only by my man, Joseph
+Ritter, a Bohemian; a fine stately fellow above six feet high, who had
+been over a great part of Europe, and spoke many languages. He was the
+best servant I ever saw. Let not my readers disdain his introduction!
+For Dr. Johnson gave him this character: 'Sir, he is a civil man, and a
+wise man[155].'
+
+From an erroneous apprehension of violence, Dr. Johnson had provided a
+pair of pistols, some gunpowder, and a quantity of bullets: but upon
+being assured we should run no risk of meeting any robbers, he left his
+arms and ammunition in an open drawer, of which he gave my wife the
+charge. He also left in that drawer one volume of a pretty full and
+curious Diary of his Life, of which I have a few fragments; but the book
+has been destroyed. I wish female curiosity had been strong enough to
+have had it all transcribed; which might easily have been done; and I
+should think the theft, being _pro bono publico_, might have been
+forgiven. But I may be wrong. My wife told me she never once looked into
+it[156].--She did not seem quite easy when we left her: but away
+we went!
+
+Mr. Nairne, advocate, was to go with us as far as St. Andrews. It gives
+me pleasure that, by mentioning his _name_, I connect his title to the
+just and handsome compliment paid him by Dr. Johnson, in his book: 'A
+gentleman who could stay with us only long enough to make us know how
+much we lost by his leaving us[157]. 'When we came to Leith, I talked
+with perhaps too boasting an air, how pretty the Frith of Forth looked;
+as indeed, after the prospect from Constantinople, of which I have been
+told, and that from Naples, which I have seen, I believe the view of
+that Frith and its environs, from the Castle-hill of Edinburgh, is the
+finest prospect in Europe. 'Ay, (said Dr. Johnson,) that is the state of
+the world. Water is the same every where.
+
+     "Una est injusti caerula forma maris[158]."'
+
+I told him the port here was the mouth of the river or water of _Leith_.
+'Not _Lethe_; said Mr. Nairne. 'Why, Sir, (said Dr. Johnson,) when a
+Scotchman sets out from this port for England, he forgets his native
+country.' NAIRNE. 'I hope, Sir, you will forget England here.' JOHNSON.
+'Then 'twill still be more _Lethe_' He observed of the Pier or Quay,
+'you have no occasion for so large a one: your trade does not require
+it: but you are like a shopkeeper who takes a shop, not only for what he
+has to put in it, but that it may be believed he has a great deal to put
+into it.' It is very true, that there is now, comparatively, little
+trade upon the eastern coast of Scotland. The riches of Glasgow shew how
+much there is in the west; and perhaps we shall find trade travel
+westward on a great scale, as well as a small.
+
+We talked of a man's drowning himself. JOHNSON. 'I should never think it
+time to make away with myself.' I put the case of Eustace Budgell[159],
+who was accused of forging a will, and sunk himself in the Thames,
+before the trial of its authenticity came on. 'Suppose, Sir, (said I,)
+that a man is absolutely sure, that, if he lives a few days longer, he
+shall be detected in a fraud, the consequence of which will be utter
+disgrace and expulsion from society.' JOHNSON. 'Then, Sir, let him go
+abroad to a distant country; let him go to some place where he is _not_
+known. Don't let him go to the devil where he _is_ known!'
+
+He then said, 'I see a number of people bare-footed here: I suppose you
+all went so before the Union. Boswell, your ancestors went so, when they
+had as much land as your family has now. Yet _Auchinleck_ is the _Field
+of Stones_: there would be bad going bare-footed there. The _Lairds_,
+however, did it.' I bought some _speldings_, fish (generally whitings)
+salted and dried in a particular manner, being dipped in the sea and
+dried in the sun, and eaten by the Scots by way of a relish. He had
+never seen them, though they are sold in London. I insisted on
+_scottifying_[160] his palate; but he was very reluctant. With
+difficulty I prevailed with him to let a bit of one of them lie in his
+mouth. He did not like it.
+
+In crossing the Frith, Dr. Johnson determined that we should land upon
+Inch Keith[161]. On approaching it, we first observed a high rocky
+shore. We coasted about, and put into a little bay on the North-west. We
+clambered up a very steep ascent, on which was very good grass, but
+rather a profusion of thistles. There were sixteen head of black cattle
+grazing upon the island. Lord Hailes observed to me, that Brantome calls
+it _L'isle des Chevaux_, and that it was probably 'a _safer_ stable'
+than many others in his time. The fort[162], with an inscription on
+it, _Maria Re_ 1564, is strongly built. Dr. Johnson examined it with much
+attention. He stalked like a giant among the luxuriant thistles and
+nettles. There are three wells in the island; but we could not find one
+in the fort. There must probably have been one, though now filled up, as
+a garrison could not subsist without it. But I have dwelt too long on
+this little spot. Dr. Johnson afterwards bade me try to write a
+description of our discovering Inch Keith, in the usual style of
+travellers, describing fully every particular; stating the grounds on
+which we concluded that it must have once been inhabited, and
+introducing many sage reflections; and we should see how a thing might
+be covered in words, so as to induce people to come and survey it. All
+that was told might be true, and yet in reality there might be nothing
+to see. He said, 'I'd have this island. I'd build a house, make a good
+landing-place, have a garden, and vines, and all sorts of trees. A rich
+man, of a hospitable turn, here, would have many visitors from
+Edinburgh.' When we got into our boat again, he called to me, 'Come,
+now, pay a classical compliment to the island on quitting it.' I
+happened luckily, in allusion to the beautiful Queen Mary, whose name is
+upon the fort, to think of what Virgil makes Aeneas say, on having left
+the country of his charming Dido.
+
+     'Invitus, regina, tuo de littore cessi[163].'
+
+'Very well hit off!' said he.
+
+We dined at Kinghorn, and then got into a post-chaise[164]. Mr. Nairne
+and his servant, and Joseph, rode by us. We stopped at Cupar, and drank
+tea. We talked of parliament; and I said, I supposed very few of the
+members knew much of what was going on, as indeed very few gentlemen
+know much of their own private affairs. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, if a man is
+not of a sluggish mind, he may be his own steward. If he will look into
+his affairs, he will soon learn[165]. So it is as to publick affairs.
+There must always be a certain number of men of business in parliament.'
+BOSWELL. 'But consider, Sir; what is the House of Commons? Is not a
+great part of it chosen by peers? Do you think, Sir, they ought to have
+such an influence?' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir. Influence must ever be in
+proportion to property; and it is right it should[166].' BOSWELL. 'But
+is there not reason to fear that the common people may be oppressed?'
+JOHNSON. 'No, Sir. Our great fear is from want of power in government.
+Such a storm of vulgar force has broke in.' BOSWELL. 'It has only
+roared.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, it has roared, till the Judges in
+Westminster-Hall have been afraid to pronounce sentence in opposition to
+the popular cry[167]. You are frightened by what is no longer dangerous,
+like Presbyterians by Popery.' He then repeated a passage, I think, in
+_Butler's Remains_, which ends, 'and would cry, Fire! Fire! in Noah's
+flood[168].'
+
+We had a dreary drive, in a dusky night, to St. Andrews, where we
+arrived late. We found a good supper at Glass's inn, and Dr. Johnson
+revived agreeably. He said, 'the collection called _The Muses' Welcome
+to King James_, (first of England, and sixth of Scotland,) on his return
+to his native kingdom, shewed that there was then abundance of learning
+in Scotland; and that the conceits in that collection, with which people
+find fault, were mere mode.' He added, 'we could not now entertain a
+sovereign so; that Buchanan had spread the spirit of learning amongst
+us, but we had lost it during the civil wars[169].' He did not allow the
+Latin Poetry of Pitcairne so much merit as has been usually attributed
+to it; though he owned that one of his pieces, which he mentioned, but
+which I am sorry is not specified in my notes, was, 'very well.' It is
+not improbable that it was the poem which Prior has so elegantly
+translated[170].
+
+After supper, we made a _procession_ to _Saint Leonard's College_, the
+landlord walking before us with a candle, and the waiter with a lantern.
+That college had some time before been dissolved; and Dr. Watson, a
+professor here, (the historian of Philip II.) had purchased the ground,
+and what buildings remained. When we entered this court, it seemed quite
+academical; and we found in his house very comfortable and genteel
+accommodation[171].
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, AUGUST 19.
+
+We rose much refreshed. I had with me a map of Scotland, a bible which
+was given me by Lord Mountstuart when we were together in Italy[172],
+and Ogden's _Sermons on Prayer_; Mr. Nairne introduced us to Dr. Watson,
+whom we found a well-informed man, of very amiable manners. Dr. Johnson,
+after they were acquainted, said, 'I take great delight in him.' His
+daughter, a very pleasing young lady, made breakfast. Dr. Watson
+observed, that Glasgow University had fewer home-students, since trade
+increased, as learning was rather incompatible with it. JOHNSON. 'Why,
+Sir, as trade is now carried on by subordinate hands, men in trade have
+as much leisure as others; and now learning itself is a trade. A man
+goes to a bookseller, and gets what he can. We have done with
+patronage[173]. In the infancy of learning, we find some great man
+praised for it. This diffused it among others. When it becomes general,
+an authour leaves the great, and applies to the multitude.' BOSWELL. 'It
+is a shame that authours are not now better patronized.' JOHNSON. 'No,
+Sir. If learning cannot support a man, if he must sit with his hands
+across till somebody feeds him, it is as to him a bad thing, and it is
+better as it is. With patronage, what flattery! what falsehood! While a
+man is in equilibrio, he throws truth among the multitude, and lets them
+take it as they please: in patronage, he must say what pleases his
+patron, and it is an equal chance whether that be truth or falsehood.'
+WATSON. 'But is not the case now, that, instead of flattering one
+person, we flatter the age?' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir. The world always lets a
+man tell what he thinks, his own way. I wonder, however, that so many
+people have written, who might have let it alone. That people should
+endeavour to excel in conversation, I do not wonder; because in
+conversation praise is instantly reverberated[174].'
+
+We talked of change of manners. Dr. Johnson observed, that our drinking
+less than our ancestors was owing to the change from ale to wine.' I
+remember, (said he,) when all the _decent_ people in Lichfield got drunk
+every night, and were not the worse thought of[175]. Ale was cheap, so
+you pressed strongly. When a man must bring a bottle of wine, he is not
+in such haste. Smoking has gone out. To be sure, it is a shocking thing,
+blowing smoke out of our mouths into other people's mouths, eyes, and
+noses, and having the same thing done to us. Yet I cannot account, why a
+thing which requires so little exertion, and yet preserves the mind from
+total vacuity, should have gone out[176]. Every man has something by
+which he calms himself: beating with his feet, or so[177]. I remember
+when people in England changed a shirt only once a week[178]: a Pandour,
+when he gets a shirt, greases it to make it last. Formerly, good
+tradesmen had no fire but in the kitchen; never in the parlour, except
+on Sunday. My father, who was a magistrate of Lichfield, lived thus.
+They never began to have a fire in the parlour, but on leaving off
+business, or some great revolution of their life.' Dr. Watson said, the
+hall was as a kitchen, in old squires' houses. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir. The
+hall was for great occasions, and never was used for domestick
+refection[179].' We talked of the Union, and what money it had brought
+into Scotland. Dr. Watson observed, that a little money formerly went as
+far as a great deal now. JOHNSON. 'In speculation, it seems that a
+smaller quantity of money, equal in value to a larger quantity, if
+equally divided, should produce the same effect. But it is not so in
+reality. Many more conveniences and elegancies are enjoyed where money
+is plentiful, than where it is scarce. Perhaps a great familiarity with
+it, which arises from plenty, makes us more easily part with it.'
+
+After what Dr. Johnson had said of St. Andrews, which he had long wished
+to see, as our oldest university, and the seat of our Primate in the
+days of episcopacy, I can say little. Since the publication of Dr.
+Johnson's book, I find that he has been censured for not seeing here
+the ancient chapel of _St. Rule_, a curious piece of sacred
+architecture.[180] But this was neither his fault nor mine. We were both
+of us abundantly desirous of surveying such sort of antiquities: but
+neither of us knew of this. I am afraid the censure must fall on those
+who did not tell us of it. In every place, where there is any thing
+worthy of observation, there should be a short printed directory for
+strangers, such as we find in all the towns of Italy, and in some of the
+towns in England. I was told that there is a manuscript account of St.
+Andrews, by Martin, secretary to Archbishop Sharp;[181] and that one
+Douglas has published a small account of it. I inquired at a
+bookseller's, but could not get it. Dr. Johnson's veneration for the
+Hierarchy is well known.[182] There is no wonder then, that he was
+affected with a strong indignation, while he beheld the ruins of
+religious magnificence. I happened to ask where John Knox was buried.
+Dr. Johnson burst out, 'I hope in the high-way.[183] I have been looking
+at his reformations.'[184]  It was a very fine day. Dr. Johnson seemed
+quite wrapt up in the contemplation of the scenes which were now
+presented to him. He kept his hat off while he was upon any part of the
+ground where the cathedral had stood. He said well, that 'Knox had set
+on a mob, without knowing where it would end; and that differing from a
+man in doctrine was no reason why you should pull his house about his
+ears.' As we walked in the cloisters, there was a solemn echo, while he
+talked loudly of a proper retirement from the world. Mr. Nairne said, he
+had an inclination to retire. I called Dr. Johnson's attention to this,
+that I might hear his opinion if it was right. JOHNSON. 'Yes, when he
+has done his duty to society[185]. In general, as every man is obliged
+not only to "love GOD, but his neighbour as himself," he must bear his
+part in active life; yet there are exceptions. Those who are exceedingly
+scrupulous, (which I do not approve, for I am no friend to
+scruples[186],) and find their scrupulosity[187] invincible, so that
+they are quite in the dark, and know not what they shall do,--or those
+who cannot resist temptations, and find they make themselves worse by
+being in the world, without making it better, may retire[188]. I never
+read of a hermit, but in imagination I kiss his feet; never of a
+monastery, but I could fall on my knees, and kiss the pavement. But I
+think putting young people there, who know nothing of life, nothing of
+retirement, is dangerous and wicked[189]. It is a saying as old
+as Hesiod,
+
+     Erga neon, boulaite meson, enchaite geronton[190].
+
+That is a very noble line: not that young men should not pray, or old
+men not give counsel, but that every season of life has its proper
+duties. I have thought of retiring, and have talked of it to a friend;
+but I find my vocation is rather to active life.' I said, some young
+monks might be allowed, to shew that it is not age alone that can retire
+to pious solitude; but he thought this would only shew that they could
+not resist temptation.
+
+He wanted to mount the steeples, but it could not be done. There are no
+good inscriptions here. Bad Roman characters he naturally mistook for
+half Gothick, half Roman. One of the steeples, which he was told was in
+danger, he wished not to be taken down; 'for, said he, it may fall on
+some of the posterity of John Knox; and no great matter!'--Dinner was
+mentioned. JOHNSON. 'Ay, ay; amidst all these sorrowful scenes, I have
+no objection to dinner[191].'
+
+We went and looked at the castle, where Cardinal Beaton was
+murdered[192], and then visited Principal Murison at his college, where
+is a good library-room; but the Principal was abundantly vain of it, for
+he seriously said to Dr. Johnson, 'you have not such a one in
+England.'[193]
+
+The professors entertained us with a very good dinner. Present: Murison,
+Shaw, Cook, Hill, Haddo, Watson, Flint, Brown. I observed, that I
+wondered to see him eat so well, after viewing so many sorrowful scenes
+of ruined religious magnificence. 'Why, said he, I am not sorry, after
+seeing these gentlemen; for they are not sorry.' Murison said, all
+sorrow was bad, as it was murmuring against the dispensations of
+Providence. JOHNSON. 'Sir, sorrow is inherent in humanity. As you cannot
+judge two and two to be either five, or three, but certainly four, so,
+when comparing a worse present state with a better which is past, you
+cannot but feel sorrow.[194] It is not cured by reason, but by the
+incursion of present objects, which wear out the past. You need not
+murmur, though you are sorry.' MURISON. 'But St. Paul says, "I have
+learnt, in whatever state I am, therewith to be content."' JOHNSON.
+'Sir, that relates to riches and poverty; for we see St. Paul, when he
+had a thorn in the flesh, prayed earnestly to have it removed; and then
+he could not be content.' Murison, thus refuted, tried to be smart, and
+drank to Dr. Johnson, 'Long may you lecture!' Dr. Johnson afterwards,
+speaking of his not drinking wine, said, 'The Doctor spoke of
+_lecturing_ (looking to him). I give all these lectures on water.'
+
+He defended requiring subscription in those admitted to universities,
+thus: 'As all who come into the country must obey the king, so all who
+come into an university must be of the church[195].'
+
+And here I must do Dr. Johnson the justice to contradict a very absurd
+and ill-natured story, as to what passed at St. Andrews. It has been
+circulated, that, after grace was said in English, in the usual manner,
+he with the greatest marks of contempt, as if he had held it to be no
+grace in an university, would not sit down till he had said grace aloud
+in Latin. This would have been an insult indeed to the gentlemen who
+were entertaining us. But the truth was precisely thus. In the course of
+conversation at dinner, Dr. Johnson, in very good humour, said, 'I
+should have expected to have heard a Latin grace, among so many learned
+men: we had always a Latin grace at Oxford. I believe I can repeat
+it.'[196] Which he did, as giving the learned men in one place a
+specimen of what was done by the learned men in another place.
+
+We went and saw the church, in which is Archbishop Sharp's
+monument.[197] I was struck with the same kind of feelings with which
+the churches of Italy impressed me. I was much pleased, to see Dr.
+Johnson actually in St. Andrews, of which we had talked so long.
+Professor Haddo was with us this afternoon, along with Dr. Watson. We
+looked at St. Salvador's College. The rooms for students seemed very
+commodious, and Dr. Johnson said, the chapel was the neatest place of
+worship he had seen. The key of the library could not be found; for it
+seems Professor Hill, who was out of town, had taken it with him. Dr.
+Johnson told a joke he had heard of a monastery abroad, where the key of
+the library could never be found.
+
+It was somewhat dispiriting, to see this ancient archiepiscopal city
+now sadly deserted[198]. We saw in one of its streets a remarkable proof
+of liberal toleration; a nonjuring clergyman, strutting about in his
+canonicals, with a jolly countenance and a round belly, like a
+well-fed monk.
+
+We observed two occupations united in the same person, who had hung out
+two sign-posts. Upon one was, 'James Hood, White Iron Smith' (_i.e._
+Tin-plate Worker). Upon another, 'The Art of Fencing taught, by James
+Hood.'--Upon this last were painted some trees, and two men fencing, one
+of whom had hit the other in the eye, to shew his great dexterity; so
+that the art was well taught. JOHNSON. 'Were I studying here, I should
+go and take a lesson. I remember _Hope_, in his book on this art[199],
+says, "the Scotch are very good fencers."'
+
+We returned to the inn, where we had been entertained at dinner, and
+drank tea in company with some of the Professors, of whose civilities I
+beg leave to add my humble and very grateful acknowledgement to the
+honourable testimony of Dr. Johnson, in his _Journey_[200].
+
+We talked of composition, which was a favourite topick of Dr. Watson's,
+who first distinguished himself by lectures on rhetorick. JOHNSON. 'I
+advised Chambers, and would advise every young man beginning to compose,
+to do it as fast as he can, to get a habit of having his mind to start
+promptly; it is so much more difficult to improve in speed than in
+accuracy[201].' WATSON. 'I own I am for much attention to accuracy in
+composing, lest one should get bad habits of doing it in a slovenly
+manner.' JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, you are confounding _doing_ inaccurately
+with the _necessity_ of doing inaccurately. A man knows when his
+composition is inaccurate, and when he thinks fit he'll correct it. But,
+if a man is accustomed to compose slowly, and with difficulty, upon all
+occasions, there is danger that he may not compose at all, as we do not
+like to do that which is not done easily; and, at any rate, more time is
+consumed in a small matter than ought to be.' WATSON. 'Dr. Hugh Blair
+has taken a week to compose a sermon.' JOHNSON. 'Then, Sir, that is for
+want of the habit of composing quickly, which I am insisting one should
+acquire.' WATSON. 'Blair was not composing all the week, but only such
+hours as he found himself disposed for composition.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir,
+unless you tell me the time he took, you tell me nothing. If I say I
+took a week to walk a mile, and have had the gout five days, and been
+ill otherwise another day, I have taken but one day. I myself have
+composed about forty sermons[202]. I have begun a sermon after dinner,
+and sent it off by the post that night. I wrote forty-eight of the
+printed octavo pages of the _Life of Savage_ at a sitting; but then I
+sat up all night. I have also written six sheets in a day of translation
+from the French[203].' BOSWELL. 'We have all observed how one man
+dresses himself slowly, and another fast.' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir: it is
+wonderful how much time some people will consume in dressing; taking up
+a thing and looking at it, and laying it down, and taking it up again.
+Every one should get the habit of doing it quickly. I would say to a
+young divine, "Here is your text; let me see how soon you can make a
+sermon." Then I'd say, "Let me see how much better you can make it."
+Thus I should see both his powers and his judgement.'
+
+We all went to Dr. Watson's to supper. Miss Sharp, great grandchild of
+Archbishop Sharp, was there; as was Mr. Craig, the ingenious architect
+of the new town of Edinburgh[204] and nephew of Thomson, to whom Dr.
+Johnson has since done so much justice, in his _Lives of the Poets_.
+
+We talked of memory, and its various modes. JOHNSON. 'Memory will play
+strange tricks. One sometimes loses a single word. I once lost _fugaces_
+in the Ode _Posthume, Posthume_[205].' I mentioned to him, that a worthy
+gentleman of my acquaintance actually forgot his own name. JOHNSON.
+'Sir, that was a morbid oblivion.'
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, AUGUST 20.
+
+Dr. Shaw, the professor of divinity, breakfasted with us. I took out my
+_Ogden on Prayer_, and read some of it to the company. Dr. Johnson
+praised him. 'Abernethy[206], (said he,) allows only of a physical
+effect of prayer upon the mind, which may be produced many ways, as well
+as by prayer; for instance, by meditation. Ogden goes farther. In truth,
+we have the consent of all nations for the efficacy of prayer, whether
+offered up by individuals, or by assemblies; and Revelation has told us,
+it will be effectual.' I said, 'Leechman seemed to incline to
+Abernethy's doctrine.' Dr. Watson observed, that Leechman meant to shew,
+that, even admitting no effect to be produced by prayer, respecting the
+Deity, it was useful to our own minds[207]. He had given only a part of
+his system. Dr. Johnson thought he should have given the whole.
+
+Dr. Johnson enforced the strict observance of Sunday[208]. 'It should be
+different (he observed) from another day. People may walk, but not throw
+stones at birds. There may be relaxation, but there should be no
+levity[209].'
+
+We went and saw Colonel Nairne's garden and grotto. Here was a fine old
+plane tree. Unluckily the colonel said, there was but this and another
+large tree in the county. This assertion was an excellent cue for Dr.
+Johnson, who laughed enormously, calling to me to hear it. He had
+expatiated to me on the nakedness of that part of Scotland which he had
+seen. His _Journey_ has been violently abused, for what he has said upon
+this subject. But let it be considered, that, when Dr. Johnson talks of
+trees, he means trees of good size, such as he was accustomed to see in
+England; and of these there are certainly very few upon the _eastern
+coast_ of Scotland. Besides, he said, that he meant to give only a map
+of the road; and let any traveller observe how many trees, which deserve
+the name, he can see from the road from Berwick to Aberdeen[210]. Had
+Dr. Johnson said, 'there are _no_ trees' upon this line, he would have
+said what is colloquially true; because, by no trees, in common speech,
+we mean few. When he is particular in counting, he may be attacked. I
+know not how Colonel Nairne came to say there were but _two_ large trees
+in the county of Fife. I did not perceive that he smiled. There are
+certainly not a great many; but I could have shewn him more than two at
+_Balmuto_, from whence my ancestors came, and which now belongs to a
+branch of my family[211].
+
+The grotto was ingeniously constructed. In the front of it were
+petrified stocks of fir, plane, and some other tree. Dr. Johnson said,
+'Scotland has no right to boast of this grotto; it is owing to personal
+merit. I never denied personal merit to many of you.' Professor Shaw
+said to me, as we walked, 'This is a wonderful man; he is master of
+every subject he handles.' Dr. Watson allowed him a very strong
+understanding, but wondered at his total inattention to established
+manners, as he came from London.
+
+I have not preserved in my Journal, any of the conversation which passed
+between Dr. Johnson and Professor Shaw; but I recollect Dr. Johnson said
+to me afterwards, 'I took much to Shaw.'
+
+We left St. Andrews about noon, and some miles from it observing, at
+_Leuchars_, a church with an old tower, we stopped to look at it. The
+_manse_, as the parsonage-house is called in Scotland, was close by. I
+waited on the minister, mentioned our names, and begged he would tell us
+what he knew about it. He was a very civil old man; but could only
+inform us, that it was supposed to have stood eight hundred years. He
+told us, there was a colony of Danes in his parish[212]; that they had
+landed at a remote period of time, and still remained a distinct people.
+Dr. Johnson shrewdly inquired whether they had brought women with them.
+We were not satisfied as to this colony.
+
+We saw, this day, Dundee and Aberbrothick, the last of which Dr. Johnson
+has celebrated in his _Journey_[213]. Upon the road we talked of the
+Roman Catholick faith. He mentioned (I think) Tillotson's argument
+against transubstantiation: 'That we are as sure we see bread and wine
+only, as that we read in the Bible the text on which that false doctrine
+is founded. We have only the evidence of our senses for both[214].' 'If,
+(he added,) GOD had never spoken figuratively, we might hold that he
+speaks literally, when he says, "This is my body[215]."' BOSWELL. 'But
+what do you say, Sir, to the ancient and continued tradition of the
+church upon this point?' JOHNSON. 'Tradition, Sir, has no place, where
+the Scriptures are plain; and tradition cannot persuade a man into a
+belief of transubstantiation. Able men, indeed, have _said_ they
+believed it.'
+
+This is an awful subject. I did not then press Dr. Johnson upon it: nor
+shall I now enter upon a disquisition concerning the import of those
+words uttered by our Saviour[216], which had such an effect upon many of
+his disciples, that they 'went back, and walked no more with him.' The
+Catechism and solemn office for Communion, in the Church of England,
+maintain a mysterious belief in more than a mere commemoration of the
+death of Christ, by partaking of the elements of bread and wine.
+
+Dr. Johnson put me in mind, that, at St. Andrews, I had defended my
+profession very well, when the question had again been started, Whether
+a lawyer might honestly engage with the first side that offers him a
+fee. 'Sir, (said I,) it was with your arguments against Sir William
+Forbes[217]: but it was much that I could wield the arms of Goliah.'
+
+He said, our judges had not gone deep in the question concerning
+literary property. I mentioned Lord Monboddo's opinion, that if a man
+could get a work by heart, he might print it, as by such an act the mind
+is exercised. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; a man's repeating it no more makes it
+his property, than a man may sell a cow which he drives home.' I said,
+printing an abridgement of a work was allowed, which was only cutting
+the horns and tail off the cow. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; 'tis making the cow
+have a calf[218].'
+
+About eleven at night we arrived at Montrose. We found but a sorry inn,
+where I myself saw another waiter put a lump of sugar with his fingers
+into Dr. Johnson's lemonade, for which he called him 'Rascal!' It put me
+in great glee that our landlord was an Englishman. I rallied the Doctor
+upon this, and he grew quiet[219]. Both Sir John Hawkins's and Dr.
+Burney's _History of Musick_ had then been advertised. I asked if this
+was not unlucky: would not they hurt one another? JOHNSON. 'No, Sir.
+They will do good to one another. Some will buy the one, some the other,
+and compare them; and so a talk is made about a thing, and the books
+are sold.'
+
+He was angry at me for proposing to carry lemons with us to Sky, that
+he might be sure to have his lemonade. 'Sir, (said he,) I do not wish to
+be thought that feeble man who cannot do without any thing. Sir, it is
+very bad manners to carry provisions to any man's house, as if he could
+not entertain you. To an inferior, it is oppressive; to a superior, it
+is insolent.'
+
+Having taken the liberty, this evening, to remark to Dr. Johnson, that
+he very often sat quite silent for a long time, even when in company
+with only a single friend, which I myself had sometimes sadly
+experienced, he smiled and said, 'It is true, Sir[220]. Tom Tyers, (for
+so he familiarly called our ingenious friend, who, since his death, has
+paid a biographical tribute to his memory[221],) Tom Tyers described me
+the best. He once said to me, "Sir, you are like a ghost: you never
+speak till you are spoken to[222]."'
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, AUGUST 31.
+
+Neither the Rev. Mr. Nisbet, the established minister, nor the Rev. Mr.
+Spooner, the episcopal minister, were in town. Before breakfast, we went
+and saw the town-hall, where is a good dancing-room, and other rooms for
+tea-drinking. The appearance of the town from it is very well; but many
+of the houses are built with their ends to the street, which looks
+awkward. When we came down from it, I met Mr. Gleg, a merchant here. He
+went with us to see the English chapel. It is situated on a pretty dry
+spot, and there is a fine walk to it. It is really an elegant building,
+both within and without. The organ is adorned with green and gold. Dr.
+Johnson gave a shilling extraordinary to the clerk, saying, 'He belongs
+to an honest church[223].' I put him in mind, that episcopals were but
+_dissenters_ here; they were only _tolerated_. 'Sir, (said he,) we are
+here, as Christians in Turkey.' He afterwards went into an apothecary's
+shop, and ordered some medicine for himself, and wrote the prescription
+in technical characters. The boy took him for a physician[224].
+
+I doubted much which road to take, whether to go by the coast, or by
+Laurence Kirk and Monboddo. I knew Lord Monboddo and Dr. Johnson did not
+love each other[225]; yet I was unwilling not to visit his Lordship; and
+was also curious to see them together[226]. I mentioned my doubts to Dr.
+Johnson, who said, he would go two miles out of his way to see Lord
+Monboddo[227]. I therefore sent Joseph forward with the
+following note:--
+
+'Montrose, August 21.
+
+'My Dear Lord,
+
+'Thus far I am come with Mr. Samuel Johnson. We must be at Aberdeen
+to-night. I know you do not admire him so much as I do; but I cannot be
+in this country without making you a bow at your old place, as I do not
+know if I may again have an opportunity of seeing Monboddo. Besides, Mr.
+Johnson says, he would go two miles out of his way to see Lord Monboddo.
+I have sent forward my servant, that we may know if your lordship be
+at home.
+
+'I am ever, my dear lord,
+
+'Most sincerely yours,
+
+'JAMES BOSWELL.'
+
+As we travelled onwards from Montrose, we had the Grampion hills in our
+view, and some good land around us, but void of trees and hedges. Dr.
+Johnson has said ludicrously, in his _Journey_, that the _hedges_ were
+of _stone_[228]; for, instead of the verdant _thorn_ to refresh the eye,
+we found the bare _wall_ or _dike_ intersecting the prospect. He
+observed, that it was wonderful to see a country so divested, so
+denuded of trees.
+
+We stopped at Laurence Kirk[229], where our great Grammarian,
+Ruddiman[230], was once schoolmaster. We respectfully remembered that
+excellent man and eminent scholar, by whose labours a knowledge of the
+Latin language will be preserved in Scotland, if it shall be preserved
+at all. Lord Gardenston[231], one of our judges, collected money to
+raise a monument to him at this place, which I hope will be well
+executed[232]. I know my father gave five guineas towards it. Lord
+Gardenston is the proprietor of Laurence Kirk, and has encouraged the
+building of a manufacturing village, of which he is exceedingly fond,
+and has written a pamphlet upon it[233], as if he had founded Thebes; in
+which, however, there are many useful precepts strongly expressed. The
+village seemed to be irregularly built, some of the houses being of
+clay, some of brick, and some of brick and stone. Dr. Johnson observed,
+they thatched well here.  I was a little acquainted with Mr. Forbes,
+the minister of the parish. I sent to inform him that a gentleman
+desired to see him. He returned for answer, 'that he would not come to a
+stranger.' I then gave my name, and he came. I remonstrated to him for
+not coming to a stranger; and, by presenting him to Dr. Johnson, proved
+to him what a stranger might sometimes be. His Bible inculcates, 'be not
+forgetful to entertain strangers,' and mentions the same motive[234]. He
+defended himself by saying, 'He had once come to a stranger who sent for
+him; and he found him "_a little worth person!_"'
+
+Dr. Johnson insisted on stopping at the inn, as I told him that Lord
+Gardenston had furnished it with a collection of books, that travellers
+might have entertainment for the mind, as well as the body. He praised
+the design, but wished there had been more books, and those
+better chosen.
+
+About a mile from Monboddo, where you turn off the road, Joseph was
+waiting to tell us my lord expected us to dinner. We drove over a wild
+moor. It rained, and the scene was somewhat dreary. Dr. Johnson
+repeated, with solemn emphasis, Macbeth's speech on meeting the witches.
+As we travelled on, he told me, 'Sir, you got into our club by doing
+what a man can do[235]. Several of the members wished to keep you out.
+Burke told me, he doubted if you were fit for it: but, now you are in,
+none of them are sorry. Burke says, that you have so much good humour
+naturally, it is scarce a virtue[236].' BOSWELL. 'They were afraid of
+you, Sir, as it was you who proposed me.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, they knew, that
+if they refused you, they'd probably never have got in another. I'd have
+kept them all out. Beauclerk was very earnest for you.' BOSWELL.
+"Beauclerk has a keenness of mind which is very uncommon." JOHNSON.
+'Yes, Sir; and everything comes from him so easily. It appears to me
+that I labour, when I say a good thing.' BOSWELL. 'You are loud, Sir;
+but it is not an effort of mind[237].'
+
+Monboddo is a wretched place, wild and naked, with a poor old house;
+though, if I recollect right, there are two turrets which mark an old
+baron's residence. Lord Monboddo received us at his gate most
+courteously; pointed to the Douglas arms upon his house, and told us
+that his great-grandmother was of that family. 'In such houses (said
+he,) our ancestors lived, who were better men than we.' 'No, no, my lord
+(said Dr. Johnson). We are as strong as they, and a great deal
+wiser[238].' This was an assault upon one of Lord Monboddo's capital
+dogmas, and I was afraid there would have been a violent altercation in
+the very close, before we got into the house. But his lordship is
+distinguished not only for 'ancient metaphysicks,' but for ancient
+_politesse_, '_la vieille cour_' and he made no reply[239].
+
+His lordship was dressed in a rustick suit, and wore a little round
+hat; he told us, we now saw him as _Farmer Burnet_[240], and we should
+have his family dinner, a farmer's dinner. He said, 'I should not have
+forgiven Mr. Boswell, had he not brought you here, Dr. Johnson.' He
+produced a very long stalk of corn, as a specimen of his crop, and said,
+'You see here the _loetas segetes_[241];' he added, that _Virgil_ seemed
+to be as enthusiastick a farmer as he[242], and was certainly a
+practical one. JOHNSON. 'It does not always follow, my lord, that a man
+who has written a good poem on an art, has practised it. Philip Miller
+told me, that in Philips's _Cyder_, a poem, all the precepts were just,
+and indeed better than in books written for the purpose of instructing;
+yet Philips had never made cyder[243].'
+
+I started the subject of emigration[244]. JOHNSON. 'To a man of mere
+animal life, you can urge no argument against going to America, but that
+it will be some time before he will get the earth to produce. But a man
+of any intellectual enjoyment will not easily go and immerse himself and
+his posterity for ages in barbarism.'
+
+He and my lord spoke highly of Homer. JOHNSON. 'He had all the learning
+of his age. The shield of Achilles shews a nation in war, a nation in
+peace; harvest sport, nay, stealing[245].' MONBODDO. 'Ay, and what we
+(looking to me) would call a parliament-house scene[246]; a cause
+pleaded.' JOHNSON. 'That is part of the life of a nation in peace. And
+there are in Homer such characters of heroes, and combinations of
+qualities of heroes, that the united powers of mankind ever since have
+not produced any but what are to be found there.' MONBODDO. 'Yet no
+character is described.' JOHNSON. 'No; they all develope themselves.
+Agamemnon is always a gentleman-like character; he has always [Greek:
+Basilikon ti]. That the ancients held so, is plain from this; that
+Euripides, in his _Hecuba_, makes him the person to interpose[247].'
+MONBODDO. 'The history of manners is the most valuable. I never set a
+high value on any other history.' JOHNSON. 'Nor I; and therefore I
+esteem biography, as giving us what comes near to ourselves, what we can
+turn to use[248].' BOSWELL. 'But in the course of general history, we
+find manners. In wars, we see the dispositions of people, their degrees
+of humanity, and other particulars.' JOHNSON. 'Yes; but then you must
+take all the facts to get this; and it is but a little you get.'
+MONBODDO. 'And it is that little which makes history valuable.' Bravo!
+thought I; they agree like two brothers. MONBODDO. 'I am sorry, Dr.
+Johnson, you were not longer at Edinburgh to receive the homage of our
+men of learning.' JOHNSON. 'My lord, I received great respect and great
+kindness.' BOSWELL. 'He goes back to Edinburgh after our tour.' We
+talked of the decrease of learning in Scotland, and of the _Muses'
+Welcome_[249]. JOHNSON. 'Learning is much decreased in England, in my
+remembrance[250].' MONBODDO. 'You, Sir, have lived to see its decrease
+in England, I its extinction in Scotland.' However, I brought him to
+confess that the High School of Edinburgh did well. JOHNSON. 'Learning
+has decreased in England, because learning will not do so much for a man
+as formerly. There are other ways of getting preferment. Few bishops are
+now made for their learning. To be a bishop, a man must be learned in a
+learned age,--factious in a factious age; but always of eminence[251].
+Warburton is an exception; though his learning alone did not raise him.
+He was first an antagonist to Pope, and helped Theobald to publish his
+_Shakspeare_; but, seeing Pope the rising man, when Crousaz attacked his
+_Essay on Man_, for some faults which it has, and some which it has not,
+Warburton defended it in the Review of that time[252]. This brought him
+acquainted with Pope, and he gained his friendship. Pope introduced him
+to Allen, Allen married him to his niece: so, by Allen's interest and
+his own, he was made a bishop[253]. But then his learning was the _sine
+qua non_: he knew how to make the most of it; but I do not find by any
+dishonest means.' MONBODDO. 'He is a great man.' JOHNSON. 'Yes; he has
+great knowledge,--great power of mind. Hardly any man brings greater
+variety of learning to bear upon his point[254].' MONBODDO. 'He is one
+of the greatest lights of your church.' JOHNSON. 'Why, we are not so
+sure of his being very friendly to us[255]. He blazes, if you will, but
+that is not always the steadiest light. Lowth is another bishop who has
+risen by his learning.'
+
+Dr. Johnson examined young Arthur, Lord Monboddo's son, in Latin. He
+answered very well; upon which he said, with complacency, 'Get you gone!
+When King James comes back[256], you shall be in the _Muses Welcome_!'
+My lord and Dr. Johnson disputed a little, whether the Savage or the
+London Shopkeeper had the best existence; his lordship, as usual,
+preferring the Savage. My lord was extremely hospitable, and I saw both
+Dr. Johnson and him liking each other better every hour.
+
+Dr. Johnson having retired for a short time, his lordship spoke of his
+conversation as I could have wished. Dr. Johnson had said, 'I have done
+greater feats with my knife than this;' though he had eaten a very
+hearty dinner. My lord, who affects or believes he follows an
+abstemious system, seemed struck with Dr. Johnson's manner of living. I
+had a particular satisfaction in being under the roof of Monboddo, my
+lord being my father's old friend, and having been always very good to
+me. We were cordial together. He asked Dr. Johnson and me to stay all
+night. When I said we _must_ be at Aberdeen, he replied, 'Well, I am
+like the Romans: I shall say to you, "Happy to come;--happy to depart!"'
+He thanked Dr. Johnson for his visit.
+
+JOHNSON. 'I little thought, when I had the honour to meet your Lordship
+in London, that I should see you at Monboddo.'
+
+After dinner, as the ladies[257] were going away, Dr. Johnson would
+stand up. He insisted that politeness was of great consequence in
+society. 'It is, (said he,) fictitious benevolence[258]. It supplies the
+place of it amongst those who see each other only in publick, or but
+little. Depend upon it, the want of it never fails to produce something
+disagreeable to one or other. I have always applied to good breeding,
+what Addison in his _Cato_[259] says of honour:--
+
+     "Honour's a sacred tie; the law of Kings;
+      The noble mind's distinguishing perfection,
+      That aids and strengthens Virtue where it meets her;
+      And imitates her actions where she is not."'
+
+When he took up his large oak stick, he said, 'My lord, that's
+_Homerick_[260];' thus pleasantly alluding to his lordship's
+favourite writer.
+
+Gory, my lord's black servant, was sent as our guide, to conduct us to
+the high road. The circumstance of each of them having a black servant
+was another point of similarity between Johnson and Monboddo. I
+observed how curious it was to see an African in the North of Scotland,
+with little or no difference of manners from those of the natives. Dr.
+Johnson laughed to see Gory and Joseph riding together most cordially.
+'Those two fellows, (said he,) one from Africa, the other from Bohemia,
+seem quite at home.' He was much pleased with Lord Monboddo to-day. He
+said, he would have pardoned him for a few paradoxes, when he found he
+had so much that was good: but that, from his appearance in London, he
+thought him all paradox; which would not do. He observed that his
+lordship had talked no paradoxes to-day. 'And as to the savage and the
+London shopkeeper, (said he,) I don't know but I might have taken the
+side of the savage equally, had any body else taken the side of the
+shopkeeper.[261]' He had said to my lord, in opposition to the value of
+the savage's courage, that it was owing to his limited power of
+thinking, and repeated Pope's verses, in which 'Macedonia's madman' is
+introduced, and the conclusion is,
+
+     'Yet ne'er looks forward farther than his nose[262].'
+
+I objected to the last phrase, as being low. JOHNSON. 'Sir, it is
+intended to be low: it is satire. The expression is debased, to debase
+the character.'
+
+When Gory was about to part from us, Dr. Johnson called to him, 'Mr.
+Gory, give me leave to ask you a question! are you baptised?' Gory told
+him he was, and confirmed by the Bishop of Durham. He then gave him
+a shilling.
+
+We had tedious driving this afternoon, and were somewhat drowsy. Last
+night I was afraid Dr. Johnson was beginning to faint in his resolution;
+for he said, 'If we must ride much, we shall not go; and there's an end
+on't.' To-day, when he talked of _Sky_ with spirit, I said, 'Why, Sir,
+you seemed to me to despond yesterday. You are a delicate Londoner;--you
+are a maccaroni[263]; you can't ride.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, I shall ride
+better than you. I was only afraid I should not find a horse able to
+carry me.' I hoped then there would be no fear of getting through our
+wild Tour.
+
+We came to Aberdeen at half an hour past eleven. The New Inn, we were
+told, was full. This was comfortless. The waiter, however, asked, if one
+of our names was Boswell, and brought me a letter left at the inn: it
+was from Mr. Thrale, enclosing one to Dr. Johnson[264]. Finding who I
+was, we were told they would contrive to lodge us by putting us for a
+night into a room with two beds. The waiter said to me in the broad
+strong Aberdeenshire dialect, 'I thought I knew you by your likeness to
+your father.' My father puts up at the New Inn, when on his circuit.
+Little was said to-night. I was to sleep in a little press-bed in Dr.
+Johnson's room. I had it wheeled out into the dining-room, and there I
+lay very well.
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, AUGUST 22.
+
+I sent a message to Professor Thomas Gordon, who came and breakfasted
+with us. He had secured seats for us at the English chapel. We found a
+respectable congregation, and an admirable organ, well played by
+Mr. Tait.
+
+We walked down to the shore: Dr. Johnson laughed to hear that Cromwell's
+soldiers taught the Aberdeen people to make shoes and stockings, and to
+plant cabbages[265]. He asked, if weaving the plaids[266] was ever a
+domestick art in the Highlands, like spinning or knitting. They could
+not inform him here. But he conjectured probably, that where people
+lived so remote from each other, it was likely to be a domestick art; as
+we see it was among the ancients, from Penelope. I was sensible to-day,
+to an extraordinary degree, of Dr. Johnson's excellent English
+pronunciation. I cannot account for its striking me more now than any
+other day: but it was as if new to me; and I listened to every sentence
+which he spoke, as to a musical composition. Professor Gordon gave him
+an account of the plan of education in his college. Dr. Johnson said, it
+was similar to that at Oxford. Waller the poet's great-grandson was
+studying here. Dr. Johnson wondered that a man should send his son so
+far off, when there were so many good schools in England[267]. He said,
+'At a great school there is all the splendour and illumination of many
+minds; the radiance of all is concentrated in each, or at least
+reflected upon each. But we must own that neither a dull boy, nor an
+idle boy, will do so well at a great school as at a private one. For at
+a great school there are always boys enough to do well easily, who are
+sufficient to keep up the credit of the school; and after whipping being
+tried to no purpose, the dull or idle boys are left at the end of a
+class, having the appearance of going through the course, but learning
+nothing at all[268]. Such boys may do good at a private school, where
+constant attention is paid to them, and they are watched. So that the
+question of publick or private education is not properly a general one;
+but whether one or the other is best for _my son_.'  We were told the
+present Mr. Waller was a plain country gentleman; and his son would be
+such another. I observed, a family could not expect a poet but in a
+hundred generations. 'Nay, (said Dr. Johnson,) not one family in a
+hundred can expect a poet in a hundred generations.' He then repeated
+Dryden's celebrated lines,
+
+     'Three poets in three distant ages born,' &c.
+
+and a part of a Latin translation of it done at Oxford[269]: he did not
+then say by whom.
+
+He received a card from Sir Alexander Gordon, who had been his
+acquaintance twenty years ago in London, and who, 'if forgiven for not
+answering a line from him,' would come in the afternoon. Dr. Johnson
+rejoiced to hear of him, and begged he would come and dine with us. I
+was much pleased to see the kindness with which Dr. Johnson received his
+old friend Sir Alexander[270]; a gentleman of good family, _Lismore_,
+but who had not the estate. The King's College here made him Professor
+of Medicine, which affords him a decent subsistence. He told us that the
+value of the stockings exported from Aberdeen was, in peace, a hundred
+thousand pounds; and amounted, in time of war, to one hundred and
+seventy thousand pounds. Dr. Johnson asked, What made the difference?
+Here we had a proof of the comparative sagacity of the two professors.
+Sir Alexander answered, 'Because there is more occasion for them in
+war.' Professor Thomas Gordon answered, 'Because the Germans, who are
+our great rivals in the manufacture of stockings, are otherwise employed
+in time of war.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, you have given a very good solution.'
+
+At dinner, Dr. Johnson ate several plate-fulls of Scotch broth, with
+barley and peas in it, and seemed very fond of the dish. I said, 'You
+never ate it before.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; but I don't care how soon I eat
+it again[271].' My cousin, Miss Dallas, formerly of Inverness, was
+married to Mr. Riddoch, one of the ministers of the English chapel here.
+He was ill, and confined to his room; but she sent us a kind invitation
+to tea, which we all accepted. She was the same lively, sensible,
+cheerful woman as ever. Dr. Johnson here threw out some jokes against
+Scotland. He said, 'You go first to Aberdeen; then to _Enbru_ (the
+Scottish pronunciation of Edinburgh); then to Newcastle, to be polished
+by the colliers; then to York; then to London.' And he laid hold of a
+little girl, Stuart Dallas, niece to Mrs. Riddoch, and, representing
+himself as a giant, said, he would take her with him! telling her, in a
+hollow voice, that he lived in a cave, and had a bed in the rock, and
+she should have a little bed cut opposite to it!
+
+He thus treated the point, as to prescription of murder in
+Scotland[272]. 'A jury in England would make allowance for deficiencies
+of evidence, on account of lapse of time; but a general rule that a
+crime should not be punished, or tried for the purpose of punishment,
+after twenty years, is bad. It is cant to talk of the King's advocate
+delaying a prosecution from malice. How unlikely is it the King's
+advocate should have malice against persons who commit murder, or should
+even know them at all. If the son of the murdered man should kill the
+murderer who got off merely by prescription, I would help him to make
+his escape; though, were I upon his jury, I would not acquit him. I
+would not advise him to commit such an act. On the contrary, I would bid
+him submit to the determination of society, because a man is bound to
+submit to the inconveniences of it, as he enjoys the good: but the
+young man, though politically wrong, would not be morally wrong. He
+would have to say, 'here I am amongst barbarians, who not only refuse to
+do justice, but encourage the greatest of all crimes. I am therefore in
+a state of nature: for, so far as there is no law, it is a state of
+nature: and consequently, upon the eternal and immutable law of justice,
+which requires that he who sheds man's blood should have his blood
+shed[273], I will stab the murderer of my father.'
+
+We went to our inn, and sat quietly. Dr. Johnson borrowed, at Mr.
+Riddoch's, a volume of _Massillon's Discourses on the Psalms_: but I
+found he read little in it. Ogden too he sometimes took up, and glanced
+at; but threw it down again. I then entered upon religious conversation.
+Never did I see him in a better frame: calm, gentle, wise, holy. I said,
+'Would not the same objection hold against the Trinity as against
+Transubstantiation?' 'Yes, (said he,) if you take three and one in the
+same sense. If you do so, to be sure you cannot believe it: but the
+three persons in the Godhead are Three in one sense, and One in another.
+We cannot tell how; and that is the mystery!'
+
+I spoke of the satisfaction of Christ. He said his notion was, that it
+did not atone for the sins of the world; but, by satisfying divine
+justice, by shewing that no less than the Son of God suffered for sin,
+it shewed to men and innumerable created beings, the heinousness of it,
+and therefore rendered it unnecessary for divine vengeance to be
+exercised against sinners, as it otherwise must have been; that in this
+way it might operate even in favour of those who had never heard of it:
+as to those who did hear of it, the effect it should produce would be
+repentance and piety, by impressing upon the mind a just notion of sin:
+that original sin was the propensity to evil, which no doubt was
+occasioned by the fall. He presented this solemn subject in a new light
+to me[274], and rendered much more rational and clear the doctrine of
+what our Saviour has done for us;--as it removed the notion of imputed
+righteousness in co-operating; whereas by this view, Christ has done all
+already that he had to do, or is ever to do for mankind, by making his
+great satisfaction; the consequences of which will affect each
+individual according to the particular conduct of each. I would
+illustrate this by saying, that Christ's satisfaction resembles a sun
+placed to shew light to men, so that it depends upon themselves whether
+they will walk the right way or not, which they could not have done
+without that sun, '_the sun of righteousness_[275]' There is, however,
+more in it than merely giving light--_a light to lighten the
+Gentiles_[276]: for we are told, there _is healing under his
+wings_[277]. Dr. Johnson said to me, 'Richard Baxter commends a
+treatise by Grotius, _De Satisfactione Christi_. I have never read it:
+but I intend to read it; and you may read it.' I remarked, upon the
+principle now laid down, we might explain the difficult and seemingly
+hard text, 'They that believe shall be saved; and they that believe not
+shall be damned[278]:' They that believe shall have such an impression
+made upon their minds, as will make them act so that they may be
+accepted by GOD.
+
+We talked of one of our friends[279] taking ill, for a length of time, a
+hasty expression of Dr. Johnson's to him, on his attempting to prosecute
+a subject that had a reference to religion, beyond the bounds within
+which the Doctor thought such topicks should be confined in a mixed
+company. JOHNSON. 'What is to become of society, if a friendship of
+twenty years is to be broken off for such a cause?' As Bacon says,
+
+     'Who then to frail mortality shall trust,
+      But limns the water, or but writes in dust[280].'
+
+I said, he should write expressly in support of Christianity; for that,
+although a reverence for it shines through his works in several places,
+that is not enough. 'You know, (said I,) what Grotius has done, and what
+Addison has done[281].--You should do also.' He replied, 'I hope
+I shall.'
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, AUGUST 23.
+
+Principal Campbell, Sir Alexander Gordon, Professor Gordon, and
+Professor Ross, visited us in the morning, as did Dr. Gerard, who had
+come six miles from the country on purpose. We went and saw the
+Marischal College[282], and at one o'clock we waited on the magistrates
+in the town hall, as they had invited us in order to present Dr. Johnson
+with the freedom of the town, which Provost Jopp did with a very good
+grace. Dr. Johnson was much pleased with this mark of attention, and
+received it very politely. There was a pretty numerous company
+assembled. It was striking to hear all of them drinking 'Dr. Johnson!
+Dr. Johnson!' in the town-hall of Aberdeen, and then to see him with
+his burgess-ticket, or diploma[283], in his hat, which he wore as he
+walked along the street, according to the usual custom. It gave me great
+satisfaction to observe the regard, and indeed fondness too, which every
+body here had for my father.
+
+While Sir Alexander Gordon conducted Dr. Johnson to old Aberdeen,
+Professor Gordon and I called on Mr. Riddoch, whom I found to be a grave
+worthy clergyman. He observed, that, whatever might be said of Dr.
+Johnson while he was alive, he would, after he was dead, be looked upon
+by the world with regard and astonishment, on account of his
+_Dictionary_.
+
+Professor Gordon and I walked over to the Old College, which Dr. Johnson
+had seen by this time. I stepped into the chapel, and looked at the tomb
+of the founder, Archbishop Elphinston[284], of whom I shall have
+occasion to write in my _History of James IV. of Scotland_, the patron
+of my family[285].  We dined at Sir Alexander Gordon's. The Provost,
+Professor Ross, Professor Dunbar, Professor Thomas Gordon, were there.
+After dinner came in Dr. Gerard, Professor Leslie[286], Professor
+Macleod. We had little or no conversation in the morning; now we were
+but barren. The professors seemed afraid to speak[287].
+
+Dr. Gerard told us that an eminent printer[288] was very intimate with
+Warburton. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, he has printed some of his works, and
+perhaps bought the property of some of them. The intimacy is such as one
+of the professors here may have with one of the carpenters who is
+repairing the college.' 'But, (said Gerard,) I saw a letter from him to
+this printer, in which he says, that the one half of the clergy of the
+church of Scotland are fanaticks, and the other half infidels.' JOHNSON.
+'Warburton has accustomed himself to write letters just as he speaks,
+without thinking any more of what he throws out[289]. When I read
+Warburton first, and observed his force, and his contempt of mankind, I
+thought he had driven the world before him; but I soon found that was
+not the case; for Warburton, by extending his abuse, rendered it
+ineffectual[290].'
+
+He told me, when we were by ourselves, that he thought it very wrong in
+the printer to shew Warburton's letter, as it was raising a body of
+enemies against him. He thought it foolish in Warburton to write so to
+the printer; and added, 'Sir, the worst way of being intimate, is by
+scribbling.' He called Warburton's _Doctrine of Grace_[291] a poor
+performance, and so he said was Wesley's Answer[292]. 'Warburton, he
+observed, had laid himself very open. In particular, he was weak enough
+to say, that, in some disorders of the imagination, people had spoken
+with tongues, had spoken languages which they never knew before; a thing
+as absurd as to say, that, in some disorders of the imagination, people
+had been known to fly.'
+
+I talked of the difference of genius, to try if I could engage Gerard in
+a disquisition with Dr. Johnson; but I did not succeed. I mentioned, as
+a curious fact, that Locke had written verses. JOHNSON. 'I know of none,
+Sir, but a kind of exercise prefixed to Dr. Sydenham's Works[293], in
+which he has some conceits about the dropsy, in which water and burning
+are united; and how Dr. Sydenham removed fire by drawing off water,
+contrary to the usual practice, which is to extinguish fire by bringing
+water upon it. I am not sure that there is a word of all this; but it is
+such kind of talk[294].'  We spoke of _Fingal_[295]. Dr. Johnson said
+calmly, 'If the poems were really translated, they were certainly first
+written down. Let Mr. Macpherson deposite the manuscript in one of the
+colleges at Aberdeen, where there are people who can judge; and, if the
+professors certify the authenticity, then there will be an end of the
+controversy. If he does not take this obvious and easy method, he gives
+the best reason to doubt; considering too, how much is against it
+_a priori'_.
+
+We sauntered after dinner in Sir Alexander's garden, and saw his little
+grotto, which is hung with pieces of poetry written in a fair hand. It
+was agreeable to observe the contentment and kindness of this quiet,
+benevolent man. Professor Macleod was brother to Macleod of Talisker,
+and brother-in-law to the Laird of Col. He gave me a letter to young
+Col. I was weary of this day, and began to think wishfully of being
+again in motion. I was uneasy to think myself too fastidious, whilst I
+fancied Dr. Johnson quite satisfied. But he owned to me that he was
+fatigued and teased by Sir Alexander's doing too much to entertain him.
+I said, it was all kindness. JOHNSON. 'True, Sir; but sensation is
+sensation.' BOSWELL. 'It is so: we feel pain equally from the surgeon's
+probe, as from the sword of the foe.'
+
+We visited two booksellers' shops, and could not find Arthur Johnston's
+Poems'[296]. We went and sat near an hour at Mr. Riddoch's. He could
+not tell distinctly how much education at the college here costs[297],
+which disgusted Dr. Johnson. I had pledged myself that we should go to
+the inn, and not stay supper. They pressed us, but he was resolute. I
+saw Mr. Riddoch did not please him. He said to me, afterwards, 'Sir, he
+has no vigour in his talk.' But my friend should have considered that he
+himself was not in good humour; so that it was not easy to talk to his
+satisfaction. We sat contentedly at our inn. He then became merry, and
+observed how little we had either heard or said at Aberdeen: that the
+Aberdonians had not started a single _mawkin_ (the Scottish word for
+hare) for us to pursue[298].
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, AUGUST 24.
+
+We set out about eight in the morning, and breakfasted at Ellon. The
+landlady said to me, 'Is not this the great Doctor that is going about
+through the country?' I said, 'Yes.' 'Ay, (said she) we heard of him. I
+made an errand into the room on purpose to see him. There's something
+great in his appearance: it is a pleasure to have such a man in one's
+house; a man who does so much good. If I had thought of it, I would have
+shewn him a child of mine, who has had a lump on his throat for some
+time.' 'But, (said I,) he is not a doctor of physick.' 'Is he an
+oculist?' said the landlord. 'No, (said I,) he is only a very learned
+man.' LANDLORD. 'They say he is the greatest man in England, except Lord
+Mansfield[299].' Dr. Johnson was highly entertained with this, and I do
+think he was pleased too. He said, 'I like the exception: to have called
+me the greatest man in England, would have been an unmeaning compliment:
+but the exception marked that the praise was in earnest: and, in
+_Scotland_, the exception must be _Lord Mansfield_, or--_Sir John
+Pringle_[300].'
+
+He told me a good story of Dr. Goldsmith. Graham, who wrote _Telemachus,
+a Masque_[301], was sitting one night with him and Dr. Johnson, and was
+half drunk. He rattled away to Dr. Johnson: 'You are a clever fellow, to
+be sure; but you cannot write an essay like Addison, or verses like the
+RAPE OF THE LOCK.' At last he said[302], '_Doctor_, I should be happy to
+see you at Eaton[303].' 'I shall be glad to wait on you,' answered
+Goldsmith. 'No, (said Graham,) 'tis not you I mean, Dr. _Minor_; 'tis
+Doctor _Major_, there.' Goldsmith was excessively hurt by this. He
+afterwards spoke of it himself. 'Graham, (said he,) is a fellow to make
+one commit suicide.'
+
+We had received a polite invitation to Slains castle. We arrived there
+just at three o'clock, as the bell for dinner was ringing. Though, from
+its being just on the North-east Ocean, no trees will grow here, Lord
+Errol has done all that can be done. He has cultivated his fields so as
+to bear rich crops of every kind, and he has made an excellent
+kitchen-garden, with a hot-house. I had never seen any of the family:
+but there had been a card of invitation written by the honourable
+Charles Boyd, the earl's brother[304]. We were conducted into the
+house, and at the dining-room door were met by that gentleman, whom both
+of us at first took to be Lord Errol; but he soon corrected our mistake.
+My Lord was gone to dine in the neighbourhood, at an entertainment given
+by Mr. Irvine of Drum. Lady Errol received us politely, and was very
+attentive to us during the time of dinner. There was nobody at table but
+her ladyship, Mr. Boyd, and some of the children, their governour and
+governess. Mr. Boyd put Dr. Johnson in mind of having dined with him at
+Cumming the Quaker's[305], along with a Mr. Hall and Miss Williams[306]:
+this was a bond of connection between them. For me, Mr. Boyd's
+acquaintance with my father was enough. After dinner, Lady Errol
+favoured us with a sight of her young family, whom she made stand up in
+a row. There were six daughters and two sons. It was a very
+pleasing sight.
+
+Dr. Johnson proposed our setting out. Mr. Boyd said, he hoped we would
+stay all night; his brother would be at home in the evening, and would
+be very sorry if he missed us. Mr. Boyd was called out of the room. I
+was very desirous to stay in so comfortable a house, and I wished to
+see Lord Errol. Dr Johnson, however, was right in resolving to go, if we
+were not asked again, as it is best to err on the safe side in such
+cases, and to be sure that one is quite welcome. To my great joy, when
+Mr. Boyd returned, he told Dr. Johnson that it was Lady Errol who had
+called him out, and said that she would never let Dr. Johnson into the
+house again, if he went away that night; and that she had ordered the
+coach, to carry us to view a great curiosity on the coast, after which
+we should see the house. We cheerfully agreed.
+
+Mr. Boyd was engaged, in 1745-6, on the same side with many unfortunate
+mistaken noblemen and gentlemen. He escaped, and lay concealed for a
+year in the island of Arran, the ancient territory of the Boyds. He then
+went to France, and was about twenty years on the continent. He married
+a French Lady, and now lived very comfortably at Aberdeen, and was much
+at Slains castle. He entertained us with great civility. He had a
+pompousness or formal plenitude in his conversation, which I did not
+dislike. Dr. Johnson said, 'there was too much elaboration in his talk.'
+It gave me pleasure to see him, a steady branch of the family, setting
+forth all its advantages with much zeal. He told us that Lady Errol was
+one of the most pious and sensible women in the island; had a good head,
+and as good a heart. He said, she did not use force or fear in educating
+her children. JOHNSON. 'Sir, she is wrong[307]; I would rather have the
+rod to be the general terror to all, to make them learn, than tell a
+child if you do thus or thus, you will be more esteemed than your
+brothers or sisters. The rod produces an effect which terminates in
+itself. A child is afraid of being whipped, and gets his task, and
+there's an end on't; whereas, by exciting emulation, and comparisons of
+superiority, you lay the foundation of lasting mischief; you make
+brothers and sisters hate each other.'
+
+During Mr. Boyd's stay in Arran, he had found a chest of medical books,
+left by a surgeon there, and had read them till he acquired some skill
+in physick, in consequence of which he is often consulted by the poor.
+There were several here waiting for him as patients. We walked round the
+house till stopped by a cut made by the influx of the sea. The house is
+built quite upon the shore; the windows look upon the main ocean, and
+the King of Denmark is Lord Errol's nearest neighbour on the
+north-east[308].
+
+We got immediately into the coach, and drove to _Dunbui_, a rock near
+the shore, quite covered with sea-fowls; then to a circular bason of
+large extent, surrounded with tremendous rocks. On the quarter next the
+sea, there is a high arch in the rock, which the force of the tempest
+has driven out. This place is called _Buchan's Buller_, or the _Buller
+of Buchan_, and the country people call it the _Pot_. Mr. Boyd said it
+was so called from the French _Bouloir_. It may be more simply traced
+from _Boiler_ in our own language. We walked round this monstrous
+cauldron. In some places, the rock is very narrow; and on each side
+there is a sea deep enough for a man of war to ride in; so that it is
+somewhat horrid to move along. However, there is earth and grass upon
+the rock, and a kind of road marked out by the print of feet; so that
+one makes it out pretty safely: yet it alarmed me to see Dr. Johnson
+striding irregularly along. He insisted on taking a boat, and sailing
+into the Pot. We did so. He was stout, and wonderfully alert. The
+Buchan-men all shewing their teeth, and speaking with that strange sharp
+accent which distinguishes them, was to me a matter of curiosity. He was
+not sensible of the difference of pronunciation in the South and North
+of Scotland, which I wondered at.
+
+As the entry into the _Buller_ is so narrow that oars cannot be used as
+you go in, the method taken is, to row very hard when you come near it,
+and give the boat such a rapidity of motion that it glides in. Dr.
+Johnson observed what an effect this scene would have had, were we
+entering into an unknown place. There are caves of considerable depth; I
+think, one on each side. The boatmen had never entered either of them
+far enough to know the size. Mr. Boyd told us that it is customary for
+the company at Peterhead well, to make parties, and come and dine in one
+of the caves here.
+
+He told us, that, as Slains is at a considerable distance from Aberdeen,
+Lord Errol, who has a very large family, resolved to have a surgeon of
+his own. With this view he educated one of his tenant's sons, who is now
+settled in a very neat house and farm just by, which we saw from the
+road. By the salary which the earl allows him, and the practice which he
+has had, he is in very easy circumstances. He had kept an exact account
+of all that had been laid out on his education, and he came to his
+lordship one day, and told him that he had arrived at a much higher
+situation than ever he expected; that he was now able to repay what his
+lordship had advanced, and begged he would accept of it. The earl was
+pleased with the generous gratitude and genteel offer of the man; but
+refused it. Mr. Boyd also told us, Cumming the Quaker first began to
+distinguish himself by writing against Dr. Leechman on Prayer[309], to
+prove it unnecessary, as GOD knows best what should be, and will order
+it without our asking:--the old hackneyed objection.
+
+When we returned to the house we found coffee and tea in the
+drawing-room. Lady Errol was not there, being, as I supposed, engaged
+with her young family. There is a bow-window fronting the sea. Dr.
+Johnson repeated the ode, _Jam satis terris_[310], while Mr. Boyd was
+with his patients. He spoke well in favour of entails[311], to preserve
+lines of men whom mankind are accustomed to reverence. His opinion was
+that so much land should be entailed as that families should never fall
+into contempt, and as much left free as to give them all the advantages
+of property in case of any emergency. 'If (said he,) the nobility are
+suffered to sink into indigence[312], they of course become corrupt;
+they are ready to do whatever the king chooses; therefore it is fit they
+should be kept from becoming poor, unless it is fixed that when they
+fall below a certain standard of wealth they shall lose their
+peerages[313]. We know the House of Peers have made noble stands, when
+the House of Commons durst not. The two last years of parliament they
+dare not contradict the populace[314].'
+
+This room is ornamented with a number of fine prints, and with a whole
+length picture of Lord Errol, by Sir Joshua Reynolds. This led Dr.
+Johnson and me to talk of our amiable and elegant friend, whose
+panegyrick he concluded by saying, 'Sir Joshua Reynolds, Sir, is the
+most invulnerable man I know; the man with whom if you should quarrel,
+you would find the most difficulty how to abuse[315].'
+
+Dr. Johnson observed, the situation here was the noblest he had ever
+seen,--better than Mount Edgecumbe, reckoned the first in England;
+because, at Mount Edgecumbe[316], the sea is bounded by land on the
+other side, and though there is there the grandeur of a fleet, there is
+also the impression of there being a dock-yard, the circumstances of
+which are not agreeable. At Slains is an excellent old house. The noble
+owner has built of brick, along the square in the inside, a gallery,
+both on the first and second story, the house being no higher; so that
+he has always a dry walk, and the rooms, to which formerly there was no
+approach but through each other, have now all separate entries from the
+gallery, which is hung with Hogarth's works, and other prints. We went
+and sat a while in the library. There is a valuable numerous
+collection. It was chiefly made by Mr. Falconer, husband to the late
+Countess of Errol in her own right. This earl has added a good many
+modern books.
+
+About nine the Earl came home. Captain Gordon of Park was with him. His
+Lordship put Dr. Johnson in mind of their having dined together in
+London, along with Mr. Beauclerk. I was exceedingly pleased with Lord
+Errol. His dignified person and agreeable countenance, with the most
+unaffected affability, give me high satisfaction. From perhaps a
+weakness, or, as I rather hope, more fancy and warmth of feeling than is
+quite reasonable, my mind is ever impressed with admiration for persons
+of high birth, and I could, with the most perfect honesty, expatiate on
+Lord Errol's good qualities; but he stands in no need of my praise. His
+agreeable manners and softness of address prevented that constraint
+which the idea of his being Lord High Constable of Scotland[317] might
+otherwise have occasioned. He talked very easily and sensibly with his
+learned guest. I observed that Dr. Johnson, though he shewed that
+respect to his lordship, which, from principle, he always does to high
+rank, yet, when they came to argument, maintained that manliness which
+becomes the force and vigour of his understanding. To shew external
+deference to our superiors, is proper: to seem to yield to them in
+opinion, is meanness[318]. The earl said grace, both before and after
+supper, with much decency. He told us a story of a man who was executed
+at Perth, some years ago, for murdering a woman who was with child by
+him, and a former child he had by her. His hand was cut off: he was then
+pulled up; but the rope broke, and he was forced to lie an hour on the
+ground, till another rope was brought from Perth, the execution being in
+a wood at some distance,--at the place where the murders were committed.
+_'There_,(said my lord,) _I see the hand of Providence_.' I was really
+happy here. I saw in this nobleman the best dispositions and best
+principles; and I saw him, _in my mind's eye_[319], to be the
+representative of the ancient Boyds of Kilmarnock. I was afraid he might
+have urged drinking, as, I believe, he used formerly to do; but he drank
+port and water out of a large glass himself, and let us do as we
+pleased[320]. He went with us to our rooms at night; said, he took the
+visit very kindly; and told me, my father and he were very old
+acquaintance;--that I now knew the way to Slains, and he hoped to see me
+there again.
+
+I had a most elegant room; but there was a fire in it which blazed; and
+the sea, to which my windows looked, roared; and the pillows were made
+of the feathers of some sea-fowl, which had to me a disagreeable smell;
+so that, by all these causes, I was kept awake a good while. I saw, in
+imagination, Lord Errol's father, Lord Kilmarnock[321] (who was beheaded
+on Tower-hill in 1746), and I was somewhat dreary. But the thought did
+not last long, and I fell asleep.
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 25.
+
+We got up between seven and eight, and found Mr. Boyd in the
+dining-room, with tea and coffee before him, to give us breakfast. We
+were in an admirable humour. Lady Errol had given each of us a copy of
+an ode by Beattie, on the birth of her son, Lord Hay. Mr. Boyd asked Dr.
+Johnson how he liked it. Dr. Johnson, who did not admire it, got off
+very well, by taking it out, and reading the second and third stanzas of
+it with much melody. This, without his saying a word, pleased Mr. Boyd.
+He observed, however, to Dr. Johnson, that the expression as to the
+family of Errol,
+
+     'A thousand years have seen it shine,'
+
+compared with what went before, was an anticlimax, and that it would
+have been better
+
+     'Ages have seen,' &c.
+
+Dr. Johnson said, 'So great a number as a thousand is better. _Dolus
+latet in universalibus_. Ages might be only two ages.' He talked of the
+advantage of keeping up the connections of relationship, which produce
+much kindness. 'Every man (said he,) who comes into the world, has need
+of friends. If he has to get them for himself, half his life is spent
+before his merit is known. Relations are a man's ready friends who
+support him. When a man is in real distress, he flies into the arms of
+his relations. An old lawyer, who had much experience in making wills,
+told me, that after people had deliberated long, and thought of many for
+their executors, they settled at last by fixing on their relations. This
+shews the universality of the principle.'
+
+I regretted the decay of respect for men of family, and that a Nabob now
+would carry an election from them. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, the Nabob will
+carry it by means of his wealth, in a country where money is highly
+valued, as it must be where nothing can be had without money; but, if it
+comes to personal preference, the man of family will always carry
+it[322]. There is generally a _scoundrelism_ about a low man[323].' Mr.
+Boyd said, that was a good _ism_.
+
+I said, I believed mankind were happier in the ancient feudal state[324]
+of subordination, than they are in the modern state of independency.
+JOHNSON. 'To be sure, the _Chief_ was: but we must think of the number
+of individuals. That _they_ were less happy, seems plain; for that state
+from which all escape as soon as they can, and to which none return
+after they have left it, must be less happy; and this is the case with
+the state of dependance on a chief or great man.'
+
+I mentioned the happiness of the French in their subordination, by the
+reciprocal benevolence and attachment between the great and those in
+lower rank[325]. Mr. Boyd gave us an instance of their gentlemanly
+spirit. An old Chevalier de Malthe, of ancient _noblesse_, but in low
+circumstances, was in a coffee-house at Paris, where was Julien, the
+great manufacturer at the Gobelins, of the fine tapestry, so much
+distinguished both for the figures and the _colours_. The chevalier's
+carriage was very old. Says Julien, with a plebeian insolence, 'I think,
+Sir, you had better have your carriage new painted.' The chevalier
+looked at him with indignant contempt, and answered, 'Well, Sir, you may
+take it home and _dye_ it!' All the coffee-house rejoiced at Julien's
+confusion.
+
+We set out about nine. Dr. Johnson was curious to see one of those
+structures which northern antiquarians call a Druid's temple. I had a
+recollection of one at Strichen; which I had seen fifteen years ago; so
+we went four miles out of our road, after passing Old Deer, and went
+thither. Mr. Fraser, the proprietor, was at home, and shewed it to us.
+But I had augmented it in my mind; for all that remains is two stones
+set up on end, with a long one laid upon them, as was usual, and one
+stone at a little distance from them. That stone was the capital one of
+the circle which surrounded what now remains. Mr. Fraser was very
+hospitable[326]. There was a fair at Strichen; and he had several of his
+neighbours from it at dinner. One of them, Dr. Fraser, who had been in
+the army, remembered to have seen Dr. Johnson at a lecture on
+experimental philosophy, at Lichfield. The doctor recollected being at
+the lecture; and he was surprised to find here somebody who knew him.
+
+Mr. Fraser sent a servant to conduct us by a short passage into the
+high-road. I observed to Dr. Johnson, that I had a most disagreeable
+notion of the life of country gentlemen; that I left Mr. Fraser just
+now, as one leaves a prisoner in a jail. Dr. Johnson said, that I was
+right in thinking them unhappy; for that they had not enough to keep
+their minds in motion[327].
+
+I started a thought this afternoon which amused us a great part of the
+way. 'If, (said I,) our club should come and set up in St. Andrews, as a
+college, to teach all that each of us can, in the several departments of
+learning and taste, we should rebuild the city: we should draw a
+wonderful concourse of students.' Dr. Johnson entered fully into the
+spirit of this project. We immediately fell to distributing the offices.
+I was to teach Civil and Scotch law[328]; Burke, politicks and
+eloquence; Garrick, the art of publick speaking; Langton was to be our
+Grecian[329], Colman our Latin professor[330]; Nugent to teach
+physick[331]; Lord Charlemont, modern history[332]; Beauclerk, natural
+philosophy[333]; Vesey, Irish antiquities, or Celtick learning[334];
+Jones, Oriental learning[335]; Goldsmith, poetry and ancient history;
+Chamier, commercial politicks[336]; Reynolds, painting, and the arts
+which have beauty for their object; Chambers, the law of England[337].
+Dr. Johnson at first said, 'I'll trust theology to nobody but myself.'
+But, upon due consideration, that Percy is a clergyman, it was agreed
+that Percy should teach practical divinity and British antiquities; Dr.
+Johnson himself, logick, metaphysicks[338], and scholastick divinity. In
+this manner did we amuse ourselves;--each suggesting, and each varying
+or adding, till the whole was adjusted. Dr. Johnson said, we only wanted
+a mathematician since Dyer[339] died, who was a very good one; but as to
+every thing else, we should have a very capital university[340].
+
+We got at night to Banff. I sent Joseph on to Duff-house; but Earl Fife
+was not at home, which I regretted much, as we should have had a very
+elegant reception from his lordship. We found here but an indifferent
+inn[341]. Dr. Johnson wrote a long letter to Mrs. Thrale. I wondered to
+see him write so much so easily. He verified his own doctrine that 'a
+man may always write when he will set himself _doggedly_ to it[342].'
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, AUGUST 26.
+
+We got a fresh chaise here, a very good one, and very good horses. We
+breakfasted at Cullen. They set down dried haddocks broiled, along with
+our tea. I ate one; but Dr. Johnson was disgusted by the sight of them,
+so they were removed[343]. Cullen has a comfortable appearance, though
+but a very small town, and the houses mostly poor buildings.
+
+I called on Mr. Robertson, who has the charge of Lord Findlater's
+affairs, and was formerly Lord Monboddo's clerk, was three times in
+France with him, and translated Condamine's _Account of the Savage
+Girl_, to which his lordship wrote a preface, containing several remarks
+of his own. Robertson said, he did not believe so much as his lordship
+did; that it was plain to him, the girl confounded what she imagined
+with what she remembered: that, besides, she perceived Condamine and
+Lord Monboddo forming theories, and she adapted her story to them.
+
+Dr. Johnson said, 'It is a pity to see Lord Monboddo publish such
+notions as he has done; a man of sense, and of so much elegant learning.
+There would be little in a fool doing it; we should only laugh; but when
+a wise man does it, we are sorry. Other people have strange notions; but
+they conceal them. If they have tails, they hide them; but Monboddo is
+as jealous of his tail as a squirrel.' I shall here put down some more
+remarks of Dr. Johnson's on Lord Monboddo, which were not made exactly
+at this time, but come in well from connection. He said, he did not
+approve of a judge's calling himself _Farmer_ Burnett[344], and going
+about with a little round hat[345]. He laughed heartily at his
+lordship's saying he was an _enthusiastical_ farmer; 'for, (said he,)
+what can he do in farming by his _enthusiasm_?' Here, however, I think
+Dr. Johnson mistaken. He who wishes to be successful, or happy, ought to
+be enthusiastical, that is to say, very keen in all the occupations or
+diversions of life. An ordinary gentleman-farmer will be satisfied with
+looking at his fields once or twice a day: an enthusiastical farmer will
+be constantly employed on them; will have his mind earnestly engaged;
+will talk perpetually, of them. But Dr. Johnson has much of the _nil
+admirari_[346] in smaller concerns. That survey of life which gave birth
+to his _Vanity of Human Wishes_ early sobered his mind. Besides, so
+great a mind as his cannot be moved by inferior objects: an elephant
+does not run and skip like lesser animals.  Mr. Robertson sent a
+servant with us, to shew us through Lord Findlater's wood, by which our
+way was shortened, and we saw some part of his domain, which is indeed
+admirably laid out. Dr. Johnson did not choose to walk through it. He
+always said, that he was not come to Scotland to see fine places, of
+which there were enough in England; but wild objects,--mountains,
+--waterfalls,--peculiar manners; in short, things which he had not seen
+before. I have a notion that he at no time has had much taste for rural
+beauties. I have myself very little[347].
+
+Dr. Johnson said, there was nothing more contemptible than a country
+gentleman living beyond his income, and every year growing poorer and
+poorer[348]. He spoke strongly of the influence which a man has by being
+rich. 'A man, (said he,) who keeps his money, has in reality more use
+from it, than he can have by spending it.' I observed that this looked
+very like a paradox; but he explained it thus: 'If it were certain that
+a man would keep his money locked up for ever, to be sure he would have
+no influence; but, as so many want money, and he has the power of giving
+it, and they know not but by gaining his favour they may obtain it, the
+rich man will always have the greatest influence. He again who lavishes
+his money, is laughed at as foolish, and in a great degree with justice,
+considering how much is spent from vanity. Even those who partake of a
+man's hospitality, have but a transient kindness for him. If he has not
+the command of money, people know he cannot help them, if he would;
+whereas the rich man always can, if he will, and for the chance of that,
+will have much weight.' BOSWELL. 'But philosophers and satirists have
+all treated a miser as contemptible.' JOHNSON. 'He is so
+philosophically; but not in the practice of life[349].' BOSWELL. 'Let me
+see now:--I do not know the instances of misers in England, so as to
+examine into their influence.' JOHNSON. 'We have had few misers in
+England.' BOSWELL. 'There was Lowther[350].' JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir,
+Lowther, by keeping his money, had the command of the county, which the
+family has now lost, by spending it[351]; I take it he lent a great
+deal; and that is the way to have influence, and yet preserve one's
+wealth. A man may lend his money upon very good security, and yet have
+his debtor much under his power.' BOSWELL. 'No doubt, Sir. He can always
+distress him for the money; as no man borrows, who is able to pay on
+demand quite conveniently.'
+
+We dined at Elgin, and saw the noble ruins of the cathedral. Though it
+rained much, Dr. Johnson examined them with a most patient attention.
+He could not here feel any abhorrence at the Scottish reformers[352],
+for he had been told by Lord Hailes, that it was destroyed before the
+Reformation, by the Lord of Badenoch[353], who had a quarrel with the
+bishop. The bishop's house, and those of the other clergy, which are
+still pretty entire, do not seem to have been proportioned to the
+magnificence of the cathedral, which has been of great extent, and had
+very fine carved work. The ground within the walls of the cathedral is
+employed as a burying-place. The family of Gordon have their vault here;
+but it has nothing grand.
+
+We passed Gordon Castle[354] this forenoon, which has a princely
+appearance. Fochabers, the neighbouring village, is a poor place, many
+of the houses being ruinous; but it is remarkable, they have in general
+orchards well stored with apple-trees[355]. Elgin has what in England
+are called piazzas, that run in many places on each side of the street.
+It must have been a much better place formerly. Probably it had piazzas
+all along the town, as I have seen at Bologna. I approved much of such
+structures in a town, on account of their conveniency in wet weather.
+Dr. Johnson disapproved of them, 'because (said he) it makes the under
+story of a house very dark, which greatly over-balances the conveniency,
+when it is considered how small a part of the year it rains; how few are
+usually in the street at such times; that many who are might as well be
+at home; and the little that people suffer, supposing them to be as much
+wet as they commonly are in walking a street.'
+
+We fared but ill at our inn here; and Dr. Johnson said, this was the
+first time he had seen a dinner in Scotland that he could not eat[356].
+
+In the afternoon, we drove over the very heath where Macbeth met the
+witches, according to tradition[357]. Dr. Johnson again[358] solemnly
+repeated--
+
+     'How far is't called to Fores? What are these,
+      So wither'd, and so wild in their attire?
+      That look not like the inhabitants o' the earth,
+      And yet are on't?'
+
+He repeated a good deal more of Macbeth. His recitation[359] was grand
+and affecting, and as Sir Joshua Reynolds has observed to me, had no
+more tone than it should have: it was the better for it. He then
+parodied the _All-hail_ of the witches to Macbeth, addressing himself to
+me. I had purchased some land called _Dalblair_; and, as in Scotland it
+is customary to distinguish landed men by the name of their estates, I
+had thus two titles, _Dalblair_ and Young _Auchinleck_. So my friend, in
+imitation of
+
+     'All hail, Macbeth! hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor!'
+
+condescended to amuse himself with uttering
+
+     'All hail, Dalblair! hail to thee, Laird of Auchinleck[360]!'
+
+We got to Fores[361] at night, and found an admirable inn, in which Dr.
+Johnson was pleased to meet with a landlord who styled himself
+'Wine-Cooper, from LONDON.'
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, AUGUST 27.
+
+It was dark when we came to Fores last night; so we did not see what is
+called King Duncan's monument[362]. I shall now mark some gleanings of
+Dr. Johnson's conversation. I spoke of _Leonidas_[363], and said there
+were some good passages in it. JOHNSON. 'Why, you must _seek_ for them.'
+He said, Paul Whitehead's _Manners_[364] was a poor performance.
+Speaking of Derrick, he told me 'he had a kindness for him, and had
+often said, that if his letters had been written by one of a more
+established name, they would have been thought very pretty
+letters[365].'
+
+This morning I introduced the subject of the origin of evil[366].
+JOHNSON. 'Moral evil is occasioned by free will, which implies choice
+between good and evil. With all the evil that there is, there is no man
+but would rather be a free agent, than a mere machine without the evil;
+and what is best for each individual, must be best for the whole. If a
+man would rather be the machine, I cannot argue with him. He is a
+different being from me.' BOSWELL. 'A man, as a machine, may have
+agreeable sensations; for instance, he may have pleasure in musick.'
+JOHNSON. 'No, Sir, he cannot have pleasure in musick; at least no power
+of producing musick; for he who can produce musick may let it alone: he
+who can play upon a fiddle may break it: such a man is not a machine.'
+This reasoning satisfied me. It is certain, there cannot be a free
+agent, unless there is the power of being evil as well as good. We must
+take the inherent possibilities of things into consideration, in our
+reasonings or conjectures concerning the works of GOD.
+
+We came to Nairn to breakfast. Though a county town and a royal burgh,
+it is a miserable place. Over the room where we sat, a girl was spinning
+wool with a great wheel, and singing an Erse song[367]: 'I'll warrant
+you, (said Dr. Johnson.) one of the songs of Ossian.' He then repeated
+these lines:---
+
+     'Verse sweetens toil, however rude the sound.
+        All at her work the village maiden sings;
+      Nor while she turns the giddy wheel around,
+        Revolves the sad vicissitude of things[368].'
+
+I thought I had heard these lines before. JOHNSON. 'I fancy not, Sir;
+for they are in a detached poem, the name of which I do not remember,
+written by one Giffard, a parson.'
+
+I expected Mr. Kenneth M'Aulay[369], the minister of Calder, who
+published the history of St. Kilda[370], a book which Dr. Johnson liked,
+would have met us here, as I had written to him from Aberdeen. But I
+received a letter from him, telling me that he could not leave home, as
+he was to administer the sacrament the following Sunday, and earnestly
+requesting to see us at his manse. 'We'll go,' said Dr. Johnson; which
+we accordingly did. Mrs. M'Aulay received us, and told us her husband
+was in the church distributing tokens[371]. We arrived between twelve
+and one o'clock, and it was near three before he came to us.
+
+Dr. Johnson thanked him for his book, and said 'it was a very pretty
+piece of topography.' M'Aulay did not seem much to mind the compliment.
+From his conversation, Dr. Johnson was persuaded that he had not written
+the book which goes under his name. I myself always suspected so; and I
+have been told it was written by the learned Dr. John M'Pherson of
+Sky[372], from the materials collected by M'Aulay. Dr. Johnson said
+privately to me, 'There is a combination in it of which M'Aulay is not
+capable[373].' However, he was exceedingly hospitable; and, as he
+obligingly promised us a route for our Tour through the Western Isles,
+we agreed to stay with him all night.
+
+After dinner, we walked to the old castle of Calder (pronounced Cawder),
+the Thane of Cawdor's seat. I was sorry that my friend, this 'prosperous
+gentleman[374],' was not there. The old tower must be of great
+antiquity[375]. There is a draw-bridge--what has been a moat,--and an
+ancient court. There is a hawthorn-tree, which rises like a wooden
+pillar through the rooms of the castle; for, by a strange conceit, the
+walls have been built round it. The thickness of the walls, the small
+slaunting windows, and a great iron door at the entrance on the second
+story as you ascend the stairs, all indicate the rude times in which
+this castle was erected. There were here some large venerable trees.
+
+I was afraid of a quarrel between Dr. Johnson and Mr. M'Aulay, who
+talked slightingly of the lower English clergy. The Doctor gave him a
+frowning look, and said, 'This is a day of novelties; I have seen old
+trees in Scotland, and I have heard the English clergy treated with
+disrespect[376].'
+
+I dreaded that a whole evening at Calder manse would be heavy; however,
+Mr. Grant, an intelligent and well-bred minister in the neighbourhood,
+was there, and assisted us by his conversation. Dr. Johnson, talking of
+hereditary occupations in the Highlands, said, 'There is no harm in such
+a custom as this; but it is wrong to enforce it, and oblige a man to be
+a taylor or a smith, because his father has been one.' This custom,
+however, is not peculiar to our Highlands; it is well known that in
+India a similar practice prevails.
+
+Mr. M'Aulay began a rhapsody against creeds and confessions. Dr. Johnson
+shewed, that 'what he called _imposition_, was only a voluntary
+declaration of agreement in certain articles of faith, which a church
+has a right to require, just as any other society can insist on certain
+rules being observed by its members. Nobody is compelled to be of the
+church, as nobody is compelled to enter into a society.' This was a very
+clear and just view of the subject: but, M'Aulay could not be driven out
+of his track. Dr. Johnson said, 'Sir, you are a _bigot to laxness_.'
+
+Mr. M'Aulay and I laid the map of Scotland before us; and he pointed out
+a route for us from Inverness, by Fort Augustus, to Glenelg, Sky, Mull,
+Icolmkill, Lorn, and Inverary, which I wrote down. As my father was to
+begin the northern circuit about the 18th of September, it was necessary
+for us either to make our tour with great expedition, so as to get to
+Auchinleck before he set out, or to protract it, so as not to be there
+till his return, which would be about the 10th of October. By M'Aulay's
+calculation, we were not to land in Lorn till the 2Oth of September. I
+thought that the interruptions by bad days, or by occasional
+excursions, might make it ten days later; and I thought too, that we
+might perhaps go to Benbecula, and visit Clanranald, which would take a
+week of itself.
+
+Dr. Johnson went up with Mr. Grant to the library, which consisted of a
+tolerable collection; but the Doctor thought it rather a lady's library,
+with some Latin books in it by chance, than the library of a clergyman.
+It had only two of the Latin fathers, and one of the Greek fathers in
+Latin. I doubted whether Dr. Johnson would be present at a Presbyterian
+prayer. I told Mr. M'Aulay so, and said that the Doctor might sit in the
+library while we were at family worship. Mr. M'Aulay said, he would omit
+it, rather than give Dr. Johnson offence: but I would by no means agree
+that an excess of politeness, even to so great a man, should prevent
+what I esteem as one of the best pious regulations. I know nothing more
+beneficial, more comfortable, more agreeable, than that the little
+societies of each family should regularly assemble, and unite in praise
+and prayer to our heavenly Father, from whom we daily receive so much
+good, and may hope for more in a higher state of existence. I mentioned
+to Dr. Johnson the over-delicate scrupulosity of our host. He said, he
+had no objection to hear the prayer. This was a pleasing surprise to me;
+for he refused to go and hear Principal Robertson[377] preach. 'I will
+hear him, (said he,) if he will get up into a tree and preach; but I
+will not give a sanction, by my presence, to a Presbyterian
+assembly[378].'
+
+Mr. Grant having prayed, Dr. Johnson said, his prayer was a very good
+one; but objected to his not having introduced the Lord's Prayer[379].
+He told us, that an Italian of some note in London said once to him, 'We
+have in our service a prayer called the _Pater Noster_, which is a very
+fine composition. I wonder who is the author of it.' A singular instance
+of ignorance in a man of some literature and general inquiry[380]!
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, AUGUST 28.
+
+Dr. Johnson had brought a _Sallust_ with him in his pocket from
+Edinburgh. He gave it last night to Mr. M'Aulay's son, a smart young lad
+about eleven years old. Dr. Johnson had given an account of the
+education at Oxford, in all its gradations. The advantage of being a
+servitor to a youth of little fortune struck Mrs. M'Aulay much[381]. I
+observed it aloud. Dr. Johnson very handsomely and kindly said, that, if
+they would send their boy to him, when he was ready for the university,
+he would get him made a servitor, and perhaps would do more for him. He
+could not promise to do more; but would undertake for the
+servitorship[382].
+
+I should have mentioned that Mr. White, a Welshman, who has been many
+years factor (i.e. steward) on the estate of Calder, drank tea with us
+last night, and upon getting a note from Mr. M'Aulay, asked us to his
+house. We had not time to accept of his invitation. He gave us a letter
+of introduction to Mr. Ferne, master of stores at Fort George. He shewed
+it to me. It recommended 'two celebrated gentlemen; no less than Dr.
+Johnson, _author of his Dictionary_,--and Mr. Boswell, known at
+Edinburgh by the name of Paoli.' He said he hoped I had no objection to
+what he had written; if I had, he would alter it. I thought it was a
+pity to check his effusions, and acquiesced; taking care, however, to
+seal the letter, that it might not appear that I had read it.
+
+A conversation took place about saying grace at breakfast (as we do in
+Scotland) as well as at dinner and supper; in which Dr. Johnson said,
+'It is enough if we have stated seasons of prayer; no matter when[383].
+A man may as well pray when he mounts his horse, or a woman when she
+milks her cow, (which Mr. Grant told us is done in the Highlands,) as at
+meals; and custom is to be followed[384].'
+
+We proceeded to Fort George. When we came into the square, I sent a
+soldier with the letter to Mr. Ferne. He came to us immediately, and
+along with him came Major _Brewse_ of the Engineers, pronounced _Bruce_.
+He said he believed it was originally the same Norman name with Bruce.
+That he had dined at a house in London, where were three Bruces, one of
+the Irish line, one of the Scottish line, and himself of the English
+line. He said he was shewn it in the Herald's office spelt fourteen
+different ways[385]. I told him the different spellings of my name[386].
+Dr Johnson observed, that there had been great disputes about the
+spelling of Shakspear's name; at last it was thought it would be settled
+by looking at the original copy of his will; but, upon examining it, he
+was found to have written it himself no less than three different ways.
+
+Mr. Ferne and Major Brewse first carried us to wait on Sir Eyre
+Coote[387], whose regiment, the 37th, was lying here, and who then
+commanded the fort. He asked us to dine with him, which we agreed to do.
+
+Before dinner we examined the fort. The Major explained the
+fortification to us, and Mr. Ferne gave us an account of the stores. Dr.
+Johnson talked of the proportions of charcoal and salt-petre in making
+gunpowder, of granulating it, and of giving it a gloss[388]. He made a
+very good figure upon these topicks. He said to me afterwards, that 'he
+had talked _ostentatiously_[389].' We reposed ourselves a little in Mr.
+Ferne's house. He had every thing in neat order as in England; and a
+tolerable collection of books. I looked into Pennant's _Tour in
+Scotland_. He says little of this fort; but that 'the barracks, &c. form
+several streets[390].' This is aggrandising. Mr. Ferne observed, if he
+had said they form a square, with a row of buildings before it, he would
+have given a juster description. Dr. Johnson remarked, 'how seldom
+descriptions correspond with realities; and the reason is, that people
+do not write them till some time after, and then their imagination has
+added circumstances.'
+
+We talked of Sir Adolphus Oughton[391]. The Major said, he knew a great
+deal for a military man. JOHNSON. 'Sir, you will find few men, of any
+profession, who know more. Sir Adolphus is a very extraordinary man; a
+man of boundless curiosity and unwearied diligence.'
+
+I know not how the Major contrived to introduce the contest between
+Warburton and Lowth. JOHNSON. 'Warburton kept his temper all along,
+while Lowth was in a passion. Lowth published some of Warburton's
+letters. Warburton drew _him_ on to write some very abusive letters, and
+then asked his leave to publish them; which he knew Lowth could not
+refuse, after what _he_ had done. So that Warburton contrived that he
+should publish, apparently with Lowth's consent, what could not but shew
+Lowth in a disadvantageous light[392].'
+
+At three the drum beat for dinner. I, for a little while, fancied myself
+a military man, and it pleased me. We went to Sir Eyre Coote's, at the
+governour's house, and found him a most gentleman-like man. His lady is
+a very agreeable woman, with an uncommonly mild and sweet tone of voice.
+There was a pretty large company: Mr. Ferne, Major Brewse, and several
+officers. Sir Eyre had come from the East-Indies by land, through the
+Desarts of Arabia. He told us, the Arabs could live five days without
+victuals, and subsist for three weeks on nothing else but the blood of
+their camels, who could lose so much of it as would suffice for that
+time, without being exhausted. He highly praised the virtue of the
+Arabs; their fidelity, if they undertook to conduct any person; and
+said, they would sacrifice their lives rather than let him be robbed.
+Dr. Johnson, who is always for maintaining the superiority of civilized
+over uncivilized men[393], said, 'Why, Sir, I can see no superiour
+virtue in this. A serjeant and twelve men, who are my guard, will die,
+rather than that I shall be robbed.' Colonel Pennington, of the 37th
+regiment, took up the argument with a good deal of spirit and
+ingenuity. PENNINGTON. 'But the soldiers are compelled to this by fear
+of punishment. 'JOHNSON. 'Well, Sir, the Arabs are compelled by the fear
+of infamy.' PENNINGTON. 'The soldiers have the same fear of infamy, and
+the fear of punishment besides; so have less virtue; because they act
+less voluntarily.' Lady Coote observed very well, that it ought to be
+known if there was not, among the Arabs, some punishment for not being
+faithful on such occasions.
+
+We talked of the stage. I observed, that we had not now such a company
+of actors as in the last age; Wilks[394], Booth[395], &c. &c. JOHNSON.
+'You think so, because there is one who excels all the rest so much: you
+compare them with Garrick, and see the deficiency. Garrick's great
+distinction is his universality[396]. He can represent all modes of
+life, but that of an easy fine bred gentleman[397].' PENNINGTON. 'He
+should give over playing young parts.' JOHNSON. 'He does not take them
+now; but he does not leave off those which he has been used to play,
+because he does them better than any one else can do them. If you had
+generations of actors, if they swarmed like bees, the young ones might
+drive off the old. Mrs. Cibber[398], I think, got more reputation than
+she deserved, as she had a great sameness; though her expression was
+undoubtedly very fine. Mrs. Clive[399] was the best player I ever saw.
+Mrs. Prichard[400] was a very good one; but she had something affected
+in her manner: I imagine she had some player of the former age in her
+eye, which occasioned it.'  Colonel Pennington said, Garrick sometimes
+failed in emphasis[401]; as for instance, in _Hamlet_,
+
+     'I will speak _daggers_ to her; but use _none_[402].'
+
+instead of
+
+     'I will _speak_ daggers to her; but _use_ none.'
+
+We had a dinner of two complete courses, variety of wines, and the
+regimental band of musick playing in the square, before the windows,
+after it. I enjoyed this day much. We were quite easy and cheerful. Dr.
+Johnson said, 'I shall always remember this fort with gratitude.' I
+could not help being struck with some admiration, at finding upon this
+barren sandy point, such buildings,--such a dinner,--such company: it
+was like enchantment. Dr. Johnson, on the other hand, said to me more
+rationally, that 'it did not strike _him_ as any thing extraordinary;
+because he knew, here was a large sum of money expended in building a
+fort; here was a regiment. If there had been less than what we found, it
+would have surprised him.' _He_ looked coolly and deliberately through
+all the gradations: my warm imagination jumped from the barren sands to
+the splendid dinner and brilliant company, to borrow the expression of
+an absurd poet,
+
+                         'Without ands or ifs,
+     I leapt from off the sands upon the cliffs.'
+
+The whole scene gave me a strong impression of the power and excellence
+of human art.
+
+We left the fort between six and seven o'clock: Sir Eyre Coote, Colonel
+Pennington, and several more accompanied us down stairs, and saw us into
+our chaise. There could not be greater attention paid to any visitors.
+Sir Eyre spoke of the hardships which Dr. Johnson had before him.
+BOSWELL. 'Considering what he has said of us, we must make him feel
+something rough in Scotland.' Sir Eyre said to him, 'You must change
+your name, Sir.' BOSWELL. 'Ay, to Dr. M'Gregor[403].'  We got safely to
+Inverness, and put up at Mackenzie's inn. Mr. Keith, the collector of
+Excise here, my old acquaintance at Ayr, who had seen us at the Fort,
+visited us in the evening, and engaged us to dine with him next day,
+promising to breakfast with us, and take us to the English chapel; so
+that we were at once commodiously arranged.
+
+Not finding a letter here that I expected, I felt a momentary impatience
+to be at home. Transient clouds darkened my imagination, and in those
+clouds I saw events from which I shrunk; but a sentence or two of the
+_Rambler's_ conversation gave me firmness, and I considered that I was
+upon an expedition for which I had wished for years, and the
+recollection of which would be a treasure to me for life.
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, AUGUST 29.
+
+Mr. Keith breakfasted with us. Dr. Johnson expatiated rather too
+strongly upon the benefits derived to Scotland from the Union[404], and
+the bad state of our people before it. I am entertained with his copious
+exaggeration upon that subject; but I am uneasy when people are by, who
+do not know him as well as I do, and may be apt to think him
+narrow-minded[405]. I therefore diverted the subject.
+
+The English chapel, to which we went this morning, was but mean. The
+altar was a bare fir table, with a coarse stool for kneeling on, covered
+with a piece of thick sail-cloth doubled, by way of cushion. The
+congregation was small. Mr. Tait, the clergyman, read prayers very well,
+though with much of the Scotch accent. He preached on '_Love your
+Enemies_[406].' It was remarkable that, when talking of the connections
+amongst men, he said, that some connected themselves with men of
+distinguished talents, and since they could not equal them, tried to
+deck themselves with their merit, by being their companions. The
+sentence was to this purpose. It had an odd coincidence with what might
+be said of my connecting myself with Dr. Johnson[407].
+
+After church we walked down to the Quay. We then went to Macbeth's
+castle[408]. I had a romantick satisfaction in seeing Dr. Johnson
+actually in it. It perfectly corresponds with Shakspear's description,
+which Sir Joshua Reynolds has so happily illustrated, in one of his
+notes on our immortal poet[409]:
+
+          'This castle hath a pleasant seat: the air
+          Nimbly and sweetly recommends itself
+          Unto our gentle sense,' &c.[410]
+
+Just as we came out of it, a raven perched on one of the chimney-tops,
+and croaked. Then I repeated
+
+           '----The raven himself is hoarse,
+           That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan
+           Under my battlements[411].'
+
+We dined at Mr. Keith's. Mrs. Keith was rather too attentive to Dr.
+Johnson, asking him many questions about his drinking only water. He
+repressed that observation, by saying to me, 'You may remember that Lady
+Errol took no notice of this.'
+
+Dr. Johnson has the happy art (for which I have heard my father praise
+the old Earl of Aberdeen) of instructing himself, by making every man he
+meets tell him something of what he knows best. He led Keith to talk to
+him of the Excise in Scotland, and, in the course of conversation,
+mentioned that his friend Mr. Thrale, the great brewer, paid twenty
+thousand pounds a year to the revenue; and that he had four casks, each
+of which holds sixteen hundred barrels,--above a thousand hogsheads.
+
+After this there was little conversation that deserves to be remembered.
+I shall therefore here again glean what I have omitted on former days.
+Dr. Gerrard, at Aberdeen, told us, that when he was in Wales, he was
+shewn a valley inhabited by Danes, who still retain their own language,
+and are quite a distinct people. Dr. Johnson thought it could not be
+true, or all the kingdom must have heard of it. He said to me, as we
+travelled, 'these people, Sir, that Gerrard talks of, may have somewhat
+of a _peregrinity_ in their dialect, which relation has augmented to a
+different language.' I asked him if _peregrinity_ was an English word:
+he laughed, and said, 'No.' I told him this was the second time that I
+had heard him coin a word[412]. When Foote broke his leg, I observed
+that it would make him fitter for taking off George Faulkner as Peter
+Paragraph[413], poor George having a wooden leg. Dr. Johnson at that
+time said, 'George will rejoice at the _depeditation_ of Foote;' and
+when I challenged that word, laughed, and owned he had made it, and
+added that he had not made above three or four in his _Dictionary_[414].
+ Having conducted Dr. Johnson to our inn, I begged permission to leave
+him for a little, that I might run about and pay some short visits to
+several good people of Inverness. He said to me 'You have all the
+old-fashioned principles, good and bad' I acknowledge I have. That of
+attention to relations in the remotest degree, or to worthy persons, in
+every state whom I have once known, I inherit from my father. It gave me
+much satisfaction to hear every body at Inverness speak of him with
+uncommon regard. Mr. Keith and Mr. Grant, whom we had seen at Mr.
+M'Aulay's, supped with us at the inn. We had roasted kid, which Dr.
+Johnson had never tasted before. He relished it much.
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, AUGUST 30.
+
+This day we were to begin our _equitation,_ as I said; for _I_ would
+needs make a word too. It is remarkable, that my noble, and to me most
+constant friend, the Earl of Pembroke[415], (who, if there is too much
+ease on my part, will please to pardon what his benevolent, gay, social
+intercourse, and lively correspondence have insensibly produced,) has
+since hit upon the very same word. The title of the first edition of his
+lordship's very useful book was, in simple terms, _A Method of breaking
+Horses and teaching Soldiers to ride._ The title of the second edition
+is, 'MILITARY EQUITATION[416].'
+
+We might have taken a chaise to Fort Augustus, but, had we not hired
+horses at Inverness, we should not have found them afterwards: so we
+resolved to begin here to ride. We had three horses, for Dr. Johnson,
+myself, and Joseph, and one which carried our portmanteaus, and two
+Highlanders who walked along with us, John Hay and Lauchland Vass, whom
+Dr. Johnson has remembered with credit in his JOURNEY[417], though he
+has omitted their names. Dr. Johnson rode very well.  About three miles
+beyond Inverness, we saw, just by the road, a very complete specimen of
+what is called a Druid's temple. There was a double circle, one of very
+large, the other of smaller stones. Dr. Johnson justly observed, that
+'to go and see one druidical temple is only to see that it is nothing,
+for there is neither art nor power in it; and seeing one is
+quite enough.'
+
+It was a delightful day. Lochness, and the road upon the side of it,
+shaded with birch trees, and the hills above it, pleased us much. The
+scene was as sequestered and agreeably wild as could be desired, and for
+a time engrossed all our attention[418].
+
+To see Dr. Johnson in any new situation is always an interesting object
+to me; and, as I saw him now for the first time on horseback, jaunting
+about at his ease in quest of pleasure and novelty, the very different
+occupations of his former laborious life, his admirable productions, his
+_London_, his _Rambler_, &c. &c., immediately presented themselves to my
+mind, and the contrast made a strong impression on my imagination.
+
+When we had advanced a good way by the side of Lochness, I perceived a
+little hut, with an old-looking woman at the door of it. I thought here
+might be a scene that would amuse Dr. Johnson; so I mentioned it to him.
+'Let's go in,' said he. We dismounted, and we and our guides entered the
+hut. It was a wretched little hovel of earth only, I think, and for a
+window had only a small hole, which was stopped with a piece of turf,
+that was taken out occasionally to let in light. In the middle of the
+room or space which we entered, was a fire of peat, the smoke going out
+at a hole in the roof. She had a pot upon it, with goat's flesh,
+boiling. There was at one end under the same roof, but divided by a kind
+of partition made of wattles, a pen or fold in which we saw a good
+many kids.
+
+Dr. Johnson was curious to know where she slept. I asked one of the
+guides, who questioned her in Erse. She answered with a tone of emotion,
+saying, (as he told us,) she was afraid we wanted to go to bed to her.
+This _coquetry_, or whatever it may be called, of so wretched a being,
+was truly ludicrous. Dr. Johnson and I afterwards were merry upon it. I
+said it was he who alarmed the poor woman's virtue. 'No, Sir, (said he,)
+she'll say "there came a wicked young fellow, a wild dog, who I believe
+would have ravished me, had there not been with him a grave old
+gentleman, who repressed him: but when he gets out of the sight of his
+tutor, I'll warrant you he'll spare no woman he meets, young or old."'
+'No, Sir, (I replied,) she'll say, "There was a terrible ruffian who
+would have forced me, had it not been for a civil decent young man who,
+I take it, was an angel sent from heaven to protect me."'
+
+Dr. Johnson would not hurt her delicacy, by insisting on 'seeing her
+bed-chamber,' like _Archer_ in the _Beaux Stratagem_[419]. But my
+curiosity was more ardent; I lighted a piece of paper, and went into the
+place where the bed was. There was a little partition of wicker, rather
+more neatly done than that for the fold, and close by the wall was a
+kind of bedstead of wood with heath upon it by way of bed! at the foot
+of which I saw some sort of blankets or covering rolled up in a heap.
+The woman's name was Fraser; so was her husband's. He was a man of
+eighty. Mr. Fraser of Balnain allows him to live in this hut, and keep
+sixty goats, for taking care of his woods, where he then was. They had
+five children, the eldest only thirteen. Two were gone to Inverness to
+buy meal[420]; the rest were looking after the goats. This contented
+family had four stacks of barley, twenty-four sheaves in each. They had
+a few fowls. We were informed that they lived all the spring without
+meal, upon milk and curds and whey alone. What they get for their goats,
+kids, and fowls, maintains them during the rest of the year.  She asked
+us to sit down and take a dram. I saw one chair. She said she was as
+happy as any woman in Scotland. She could hardly speak any English
+except a few detached words. Dr. Johnson was pleased at seeing, for the
+first time, such a state of human life. She asked for snuff. It is her
+luxury, and she uses a great deal. We had none; but gave her sixpence a
+piece. She then brought out her whiskey bottle. I tasted it; as did
+Joseph and our guides, so I gave her sixpence more. She sent us away
+with many prayers in Erse.
+
+We dined at a publick house called the General's Hut[421], from General
+Wade, who was lodged there when he commanded in the North. Near it is
+the meanest parish _Kirk_ I ever saw. It is a shame it should be on a
+high road. After dinner, we passed through a good deal of mountainous
+country. I had known Mr. Trapaud, the deputy governour of Fort Augustus,
+twelve years ago, at a circuit at Inverness, where my father was judge.
+I sent forward one of our guides, and Joseph, with a card to him, that
+he might know Dr. Johnson and I were coming up, leaving it to him to
+invite us or not[422]. It was dark when we arrived. The inn was
+wretched. Government ought to build one, or give the resident governour
+an additional salary; as in the present state of things, he must
+necessarily be put to a great expence in entertaining travellers. Joseph
+announced to us, when we alighted, that the governour waited for us at
+the gate of the fort. We walked to it. He met us, and with much civility
+conducted us to his house. It was comfortable to find ourselves in a
+well-built little square, and a neatly furnished house, in good company,
+and with a good supper before us; in short, with all the conveniences of
+civilised life in the midst of rude mountains. Mrs. Trapaud, and the
+governour's daughter, and her husband, Captain Newmarsh, were all most
+obliging and polite. The governour had excellent animal spirits, the
+conversation of a soldier, and somewhat of a Frenchman, to which his
+extraction entitles him. He is brother to General Cyrus Trapaud. We
+passed a very agreeable evening.[423]
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, AUGUST 31.
+
+The governour has a very good garden. We looked at it, and at the rest
+of the fort, which is but small, and may be commanded from a variety of
+hills around. We also looked at the galley or sloop belonging to the
+fort, which sails upon the Loch, and brings what is wanted for the
+garrison. Captains Urie and Darippe, of the 15th regiment of foot,
+breakfasted with us. They had served in America, and entertained Dr.
+Johnson much with an account of the Indians.[424] He said, he could make
+a very pretty book out of them, were he to stay there. Governour Trapaud
+was much struck with Dr. Johnson. 'I like to hear him, (said he,) it is
+so majestick. I should be glad to hear him speak in your court.' He
+pressed us to stay dinner; but I considered that we had a rude road
+before us, which we could more easily encounter in the morning, and that
+it was hard to say when we might get up, were we to sit down to good
+entertainment, in good company: I therefore begged the governour would
+excuse us. Here too, I had another very pleasing proof how much my
+father is regarded. The governour expressed the highest respect for him,
+and bade me tell him, that, if he would come that way on the Northern
+circuit, he would do him all the honours of the garrison.
+
+Between twelve and one we set out, and travelled eleven miles, through a
+wild country, till we came to a house in Glenmorison, called _Anoch_,
+kept by a McQueen[425]. Our landlord was a sensible fellow; he had
+learned his grammar[426], and Dr. Johnson justly observed, that 'a man
+is the better for that as long as he lives.' There were some books here:
+_a Treatise against Drunkenness_, translated from the French; a volume
+of _The Spectator_; a volume of _Prideaux's Connection_, and _Cyrus's
+Travels_[427]. McQueen said he had more volumes; and his pride seemed to
+be much piqued that we were surprised at his having books.
+
+Near to this place we had passed a party of soldiers, under a serjeant's
+command, at work upon the road. We gave them two shillings to drink.
+They came to our inn, and made merry in the barn. We went and paid them
+a visit, Dr. Johnson saying, 'Come, let's go and give 'em another
+shilling a-piece.' We did so; and he was saluted 'MY LORD' by all of
+them. He is really generous, loves influence, and has the way of gaining
+it. He said, 'I am quite feudal, Sir.' Here I agree with him. I said, I
+regretted I was not the head of a clan; however, though not possessed of
+such an hereditary advantage, I would always endeavour to make my
+tenants follow me. I could not be a _patriarchal_ chief, but I would be
+a _feudal_ chief.
+
+The poor soldiers got too much liquor. Some of them fought, and left
+blood upon the spot, and cursed whiskey next morning. The house here was
+built of thick turfs, and thatched with thinner turfs and heath. It had
+three rooms in length, and a little room which projected. Where we sat,
+the side-walls were _wainscotted_, as Dr. Johnson said, with wicker,
+very neatly plaited. Our landlord had made the whole with his own hands.
+
+After dinner, McQueen sat by us a while, and talked with us. He said,
+all the Laird of Glenmorison's people would bleed for him if they were
+well used; but that seventy men had gone out of the Glen to America.
+That he himself intended to go next year; for that the rent of his farm,
+which twenty years ago was only five pounds, was now raised to twenty
+pounds. That he could pay ten pounds and live; but no more.[428] Dr.
+Johnson said, he wished M'Queen laird of Glenmorison, and the laird to
+go to America. M'Queen very generously answered, he should be sorry for
+it; for the laird could not shift for himself in America as he could do.
+
+I talked of the officers whom we had left to-day; how much service they
+had seen, and how little they got for it, even of fame. JOHNSON. 'Sir, a
+soldier gets as little as any man can get.' BOSWELL. 'Goldsmith has
+acquired more fame than all the officers last war, who were not
+Generals.'[429] JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, you will find ten thousand fit to do
+what they did, before you find one who does what Goldsmith has done. You
+must consider, that a thing is valued according to its rarity. A pebble
+that paves the street is in itself more useful than the diamond upon a
+lady's finger.' I wish our friend Goldsmith had heard this.[430]
+
+I yesterday expressed my wonder that John Hay, one of our guides, who
+had been pressed aboard a man of war, did not choose to continue in it
+longer than nine months, after which time he got off. JOHNSON. 'Why,
+Sir, no man will be a sailor, who has contrivance enough to get himself
+into a jail; for, being in a ship is being in a jail, with the chance of
+being drowned.'[431]  We had tea in the afternoon, and our landlord's
+daughter, a modest civil girl, very neatly drest, made it for us. She
+told us, she had been a year at Inverness, and learnt reading and
+writing, sewing, knotting[432], working lace, and pastry. Dr. Johnson
+made her a present of a book which he had bought at Inverness[433].
+
+The room had some deals laid across the joists, as a kind of ceiling.
+There were two beds in the room, and a woman's gown was hung on a rope
+to make a curtain of separation between them. Joseph had sheets, which
+my wife had sent with us, laid on them. We had much hesitation, whether
+to undress, or lie down with our clothes on. I said at last, 'I'll
+plunge in! There will be less harbour for vermin about me, when I am
+stripped!' Dr. Johnson said, he was like one hesitating whether to go
+into the cold bath. At last he resolved too. I observed he might serve a
+campaign. JOHNSON. 'I could do all that can be done by patience: whether
+I should have strength enough, I know not.' He was in excellent humour.
+To see the Rambler as I saw him to-night, was really an amusement. I
+yesterday told him, I was thinking of writing a poetical letter to him,
+_on his return from Scotland_, in the style of Swift's humorous epistle
+in the character of Mary Gulliver to her husband, Captain Lemuel
+Gulliver, on his return to England from the country of the HOUYHNHUMS:--
+
+     'At early morn I to the market haste,
+      Studious in ev'ry thing to please thy taste.
+      A curious _fowl_ and _sparagrass_ I chose;
+      (For I remember you were fond of those:)
+      Three shillings cost the first, the last sev'n groats;
+      Sullen you turn from both, and call for OATS[434]:'
+
+He laughed, and asked in whose name I would write it. I said, in Mrs.
+Thrale's. He was angry. 'Sir, if you have any sense of decency or
+delicacy, you won't do that!' BOSWELL. 'Then let it be in Cole's, the
+landlord of the _Mitre tavern_; where we have so often sat together.'
+JOHNSON. 'Ay, that may do.'
+
+After we had offered up our private devotions, and had chatted a little
+from our beds, Dr. Johnson said, 'GOD bless us both, for Jesus Christ's
+sake! Good night!' I pronounced 'Amen.' He fell asleep immediately. I
+was not so fortunate for a long time. I fancied myself bit by
+innumerable vermin under the clothes; and that a spider was travelling
+from the _wainscot_ towards my mouth. At last I fell into insensibility.
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 1.
+
+I awaked very early. I began to imagine that the landlord, being about
+to emigrate, might murder us to get our money, and lay it upon the
+soldiers in the barn. Such groundless fears will arise in the mind,
+before it has resumed its vigour after sleep! Dr. Johnson had had the
+same kind of ideas; for he told me afterwards, that he considered so
+many soldiers, having seen us, would be witnesses, should any harm be
+done, and that circumstance, I suppose, he considered as a
+security.[435] When I got up, I found him sound asleep in his miserable
+_stye_, as I may call it, with a coloured handkerchief tied round his
+head. With difficulty could I awaken him. It reminded me of Henry the
+Fourth's fine soliloquy on sleep; for there was here as _uneasy a
+pallet_[436] as the poet's imagination could possibly conceive.
+
+A _red coat_ of the 15th regiment, whether officer, or only serjeant, I
+could not be sure, came to the house, in his way to the mountains to
+shoot deer, which it seems the Laird of Glenmorison does not hinder any
+body to do. Few, indeed, can do them harm. We had him to breakfast with
+us. We got away about eight. M'Queen walked some miles to give us a
+convoy. He had, in 1745, joined the Highland army at Fort Augustus, and
+continued in it till after the battle of Culloden. As he narrated the
+particulars of that ill-advised, but brave attempt, I could not refrain
+from tears. There is a certain association of ideas in my mind upon that
+subject, by which I am strongly affected. The very Highland names, or
+the sound of a bagpipe, will stir my blood, and fill me with a mixture
+of melancholy and respect for courage; with pity for an unfortunate and
+superstitious regard for antiquity, and thoughtless inclination for war;
+in short, with a crowd of sensations with which sober rationality has
+nothing to do.
+
+We passed through Glensheal, with prodigious mountains on each side. We
+saw where the battle was fought in the year 1719.[437] Dr. Johnson
+owned he was now in a scene of as wild nature as he could see; but he
+corrected me sometimes in my inaccurate observations. 'There, (said I,)
+is a mountain like a cone.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir. It would be called so in
+a book; and when a man comes to look at it, he sees it is not so. It is
+indeed pointed at the top; but one side of it is larger than the
+other[438].' Another mountain I called immense. JOHNSON. 'No; it is no
+more than a considerable protuberance.'
+
+We came to a rich green valley, comparatively speaking, and stopped a
+while to let our horses rest and eat grass[439]. We soon afterwards came
+to Auchnasheal, a kind of rural village, a number of cottages being
+built together, as we saw all along in the Highlands. We passed many
+miles this day without seeing a house, but only little summer-huts,
+called _shielings_. Evan Campbell, servant to Mr. Murchison, factor to
+the Laird of Macleod in Glenelg, ran along with us to-day. He was a
+very obliging fellow. At Auchnasheal, we sat down on a green turf seat
+at the end of a house; they brought us out two wooden dishes of milk,
+which we tasted. One of them was frothed like a syllabub. I saw a woman
+preparing it with such a stick as is used for chocolate, and in the same
+manner. We had a considerable circle about us, men, women, and children,
+all M'Craas, Lord Seaforth's people. Not one of them could speak
+English. I observed to Dr. Johnson, it was much the same as being with a
+tribe of Indians. JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; but not so terrifying[440].' I
+gave all who chose it, snuff and tobacco. Governour Trapaud had made us
+buy a quantity at Fort Augustus, and put them up in small parcels. I
+also gave each person a bit of wheat bread, which they had never tasted
+before. I then gave a penny apiece to each child. I told Dr. Johnson of
+this; upon which he called to Joseph and our guides, for change for a
+shilling, and declared that he would distribute among the children. Upon
+this being announced in Erse, there was a great stir; not only did some
+children come running down from neighbouring huts, but I observed one
+black-haired man, who had been with us all along, had gone off, and
+returned, bringing a very young child. My fellow traveller then ordered
+the children to be drawn up in a row; and he dealt about his copper, and
+made them and their parents all happy. The poor M'Craas, whatever may be
+their present state, were of considerable estimation in the year 1715,
+when there was a line in a song,
+
+     'And aw the brave M'Craas are coming[441].'
+
+There was great diversity in the faces of the circle around us: some
+were as black and wild in their appearance as any American savages
+whatever. One woman was as comely almost as the figure of Sappho, as we
+see it painted. We asked the old woman, the mistress of the house where
+we had the milk, (which by the bye, Dr. Johnson told me, for I did not
+observe it myself, was built not of turf, but of stone,) what we should
+pay. She said, what we pleased. One of our guides asked her in Erse, if
+a shilling was enough. She said, 'yes.' But some of the men bade her ask
+more[442]. This vexed me; because it shewed a desire to impose upon
+strangers, as they knew that even a shilling was high payment. The
+woman, however, honestly persisted in her first price; so I gave her
+half a crown. Thus we had one good scene of life uncommon to us. The
+people were very much pleased, gave us many blessings, and said they had
+not had such a day since the old Laird of Macleod's time.
+
+Dr. Johnson was much refreshed by this repast. He was pleased when I
+told him he would make a good Chief. He said, 'Were I a chief, I would
+dress my servants better than myself, and knock a fellow down if he
+looked saucy to a Macdonald in rags: but I would not treat men as
+brutes. I would let them know why all of my clan were to have attention
+paid to them. I would tell my upper servants why, and make them tell the
+others.'  We rode on well[443], till we came to the high mountain
+called the Rattakin, by which time both Dr. Johnson and the horses were
+a good deal fatigued. It is a terrible steep to climb, notwithstanding
+the road is formed slanting along it; however, we made it out. On the
+top of it we met Captain M'Leod of Balmenoch (a Dutch officer who had
+come from Sky) riding with his sword slung across him. He asked, 'Is
+this Mr. Boswell?' which was a proof that we were expected. Going down
+the hill on the other side was no easy task. As Dr. Johnson was a great
+weight, the two guides agreed that he should ride the horses
+alternately. Hay's were the two best, and the Doctor would not ride but
+upon one or other of them, a black or a brown. But as Hay complained
+much after ascending the _Rattakin_, the Doctor was prevailed with to
+mount one of Vass's greys. As he rode upon it down hill, it did not go
+well; and he grumbled. I walked on a little before, but was excessively
+entertained with the method taken to keep him in good humour. Hay led
+the horse's head, talking to Dr. Johnson as much as he could; and
+(having heard him, in the forenoon, express a pastoral pleasure on
+seeing the goats browzing) just when the Doctor was uttering his
+displeasure, the fellow cried, with a very Highland accent, 'See, such
+pretty goats!' Then he whistled, _whu!_ and made them jump. Little did
+he conceive what Dr. Johnson was. Here now was a common ignorant
+Highland clown, imagining that he could divert, as one does a
+child,--_Dr. Samuel Johnson!_ The ludicrousness, absurdity, and
+extraordinary contrast between what the fellow fancied, and the reality,
+was truly comick.
+
+It grew dusky; and we had a very tedious ride for what was called five
+miles; but I am sure would measure ten. We had no conversation. I was
+riding forward to the inn at Glenelg, on the shore opposite to Sky, that
+I might take proper measures, before Dr. Johnson, who was now advancing
+in dreary silence, Hay leading his horse, should arrive. Vass also
+walked by the side of his horse, and Joseph followed behind: as
+therefore he was thus attended, and seemed to be in deep meditation, I
+thought there could be no harm in leaving him for a little while. He
+called me back with a tremendous shout, and was really in a passion with
+me for leaving him. I told him my intentions, but he was not satisfied,
+and said, 'Do you know, I should as soon have thought of picking a
+pocket, as doing so?' BOSWELL. 'I am diverted with you, Sir.' JOHNSON.
+'Sir, I could never be diverted with incivility. Doing such a thing,
+makes one lose confidence in him who has done it, as one cannot tell
+what he may do next.' His extraordinary warmth confounded me so much,
+that I justified myself but lamely to him; yet my intentions were not
+improper. I wished to get on, to see how we were to be lodged, and how
+we were to get a boat; all which I thought I could best settle myself,
+without his having any trouble. To apply his great mind to minute
+particulars, is wrong: it is like taking an immense balance, such as is
+kept on quays for weighing cargoes of ships,--to weigh a guinea. I knew
+I had neat little scales, which would do better; and that his attention
+to every thing which falls in his way, and his uncommon desire to be
+always in the right, would make him weigh, if he knew of the
+particulars: it was right therefore for me to weigh them, and let him
+have them only in effect. I however continued to ride by him, finding he
+wished I should do so.
+
+As we passed the barracks at Bernera, I looked at them wishfully, as
+soldiers have always every thing in the best order: but there was only a
+serjeant and a few men there. We came on to the inn at Glenelg. There
+was no provender for our horses; so they were sent to grass, with a man
+to watch them. A maid shewed us up stairs into a room damp and dirty,
+with bare walls, a variety of bad smells, a coarse black greasy fir
+table, and forms of the same kind; and out of a wretched bed started a
+fellow from his sleep, like Edgar in _King Lear_[444], '_Poor Tom's a
+cold_[445].'  This inn was furnished with not a single article that we
+could either eat or drink[446]; but Mr. Murchison, factor to the Laird
+of Macleod in Glenelg, sent us a bottle of rum and some sugar, with a
+polite message, to acquaint us, that he was very sorry that he did not
+hear of us till we had passed his house, otherwise he should have
+insisted on our sleeping there that night; and that, if he were not
+obliged to set out for Inverness early next morning, he would have
+waited upon us. Such extraordinary attention from this gentleman, to
+entire strangers, deserves the most honourable commemoration.
+
+Our bad accommodation here made me uneasy, and almost fretful. Dr.
+Johnson was calm. I said, he was so from vanity. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir, it
+is from philosophy.' It pleased me to see that the _Rambler_ could
+practise so well his own lessons.
+
+I resumed the subject of my leaving him on the road, and endeavoured to
+defend it better. He was still violent upon that head, and said, 'Sir,
+had you gone on, I was thinking that I should have returned with you to
+Edinburgh, and then have parted from you, and never spoken to you more.'
+
+I sent for fresh hay, with which we made beds for ourselves, each in a
+room equally miserable. Like Wolfe, we had a 'choice of
+difficulties[447]'. Dr. Johnson made things easier by comparison. At
+M'Queen's, last night, he observed that few were so well lodged in a
+ship. To-night he said, we were better than if we had been upon the
+hill. He lay down buttoned up in his great coat. I had my sheets spread
+on the hay, and my clothes and great coat laid over me, by way
+of blankets.
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 2.
+
+I had slept ill. Dr. Johnson's anger had affected me much. I considered
+that, without any bad intention, I might suddenly forfeit his
+friendship; and was impatient to see him this morning. I told him how
+uneasy he had made me, by what he had said, and reminded him of his own
+remark at Aberdeen, upon old friendships being hastily broken off. He
+owned he had spoken to me in passion; that he would not have done what
+he threatened; and that, if he had, he should have been ten times worse
+than I; that forming intimacies, would indeed be 'limning the
+water[448],' were they liable to such sudden dissolution; and he added,
+'Let's think no more on't.' BOSWELL. 'Well then, Sir, I shall be easy.
+Remember, I am to have fair warning in case of any quarrel. You are
+never to spring a mine upon me. It was absurd in me to believe you.'
+JOHNSON. 'You deserved about as much, as to believe me from night
+to morning.'
+
+After breakfast, we got into a boat for Sky. It rained much when we set
+off, but cleared up as we advanced. One of the boatmen, who spoke
+English, said, that a mile at land was two miles at sea. I then
+observed, that from Glenelg to Armidale in Sky, which was our present
+course, and is called twelve, was only six miles: but this he could not
+understand. 'Well, (said Dr. Johnson,) never talk to me of the native
+good sense of the Highlanders. Here is a fellow who calls one mile two,
+and yet cannot comprehend that twelve such imaginary miles make in
+truth but six.'
+
+We reached the shore of Armidale before one o'clock. Sir Alexander
+M'Donald came down to receive us. He and his lady, (formerly Miss
+Bosville of Yorkshire[449],) were then in a house built by a tenant at
+this place, which is in the district of Slate, the family mansion here
+having been burned in Sir Donald Macdonald's time.  The most ancient
+seat of the chief of the Macdonalds in the isle of Sky was at Duntulm,
+where there are the remains of a stately castle. The principal residence
+of the family is now at Mugstot, at which there is a considerable
+building. Sir Alexander and Lady Macdonald had come to Armidale in their
+way to Edinburgh, where it was necessary for them to be soon after this
+time.  Armidale is situated on a pretty bay of the narrow sea, which
+flows between the main land of Scotland and the Isle of Sky. In front
+there is a grand prospect of the rude mountains of Moidart and
+Knoidart[451]. Behind are hills gently rising and covered with a finer
+verdure than I expected to see in this climate, and the scene is
+enlivened by a number of little clear brooks.
+
+Sir Alexander Macdonald having been an Eton scholar[452], and being a
+gentleman of talents, Dr. Johnson had been very well pleased with him in
+London[453]. But my fellow-traveller and I were now full of the old
+Highland spirit, and were dissatisfied at hearing of racked rents and
+emigration, and finding a chief not surrounded by his clan. Dr. Johnson
+said, 'Sir, the Highland chiefs should not be allowed to go farther
+south than Aberdeen. A strong-minded man, like Sir James Macdonald[454],
+may be improved by an English education; but in general, they will be
+tamed into insignificance.'
+
+We found here Mr. Janes of Aberdeenshire, a naturalist. Janes said he
+had been at Dr. Johnson's in London, with Ferguson the astronomer[455].
+JOHNSON. 'It is strange that, in such distant places, I should meet with
+any one who knows me. I should have thought I might hide myself in Sky.'
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 3.
+
+This day proving wet, we should have passed our time very uncomfortably,
+had we not found in the house two chests of books, which we eagerly
+ransacked. After dinner, when I alone was left at table with the few
+Highland gentlemen who were of the company, having talked with very high
+respect of Sir James Macdonald, they were all so much affected as to
+shed tears. One of them was Mr. Donald Macdonald, who had been
+lieutenant of grenadiers in the Highland regiment, raised by Colonel
+Montgomery, now Earl of Eglintoune, in the war before last; one of those
+regiments which the late Lord Chatham prided himself in having brought
+from 'the mountains of the North[456]:' by doing which he contributed to
+extinguish in the Highlands the remains of disaffection to the present
+Royal Family. From this gentleman's conversation, I first learnt how
+very popular his Colonel was among the Highlanders; of which I had such
+continued proofs, during the whole course of my Tour, that on my return
+I could not help telling the noble Earl himself, that I did not before
+know how great a man he was.
+
+We were advised by some persons here to visit Rasay, in our way to
+Dunvegan, the seat of the Laird of Macleod. Being informed that the Rev.
+Mr. Donald M'Queen was the most intelligent man in Sky, and having been
+favoured with a letter of introduction to him, by the learned Sir James
+Foulis, I sent it to him by an express, and requested he would meet us
+at Rasay; and at the same time enclosed a letter to the Laird of
+Macleod, informing him that we intended in a few days to have the honour
+of waiting on him at Dunvegan.
+
+Dr. Johnson this day endeavoured to obtain some knowledge of the state
+of the country; but complained that he could get no distinct information
+about any thing, from those with whom he conversed[457].
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 4.
+
+My endeavours to rouse the English-bred Chieftain[458], in whose house
+we were, to the feudal and patriarchal feelings, proving ineffectual,
+Dr. Johnson this morning tried to bring him to our way of thinking.
+JOHNSON. 'Were I in your place, Sir, in seven years I would make this an
+independant island. I would roast oxen whole, and hang out a flag as a
+signal to the Macdonalds to come and get beef and whiskey.' Sir
+Alexander was still starting difficulties. JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir; if you
+are born to object, I have done with you. Sir, I would have a magazine
+of arms.' SIR ALEXANDER. 'They would rust.' JOHNSON. 'Let there be men
+to keep them clean. Your ancestors did not use to let their arms
+rust[459].'
+
+We attempted in vain to communicate to him a portion of our enthusiasm.
+He bore with so polite a good nature our warm, and what some might call
+Gothick, expostulations, on this subject, that I should not forgive
+myself, were I to record all that Dr. Johnson's ardour led him to
+say.--This day was little better than a blank.
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 5.
+
+I walked to the parish church of Slate, which is a very poor one. There
+are no church bells in the island. I was told there were once some; what
+has become of them, I could not learn. The minister not being at home,
+there was no service. I went into the church, and saw the monument of
+Sir James Macdonald, which was elegantly executed at Rome, and has the
+following inscription, written by his friend, George Lord Lyttelton:--
+
+     To the memory
+     Of SIR JAMES MACDONALD, BART.
+     Who in the flower of youth
+     Had attained to so eminent a degree of knowledge,
+     In Mathematics, Philosophy, Languages,
+     And in every other branch of useful and polite learning
+     As few have acquired in a long life
+     Wholly devoted to study:
+     Yet to this erudition he joined
+     What can rarely be found with it,
+     Great talents for business,
+     Great propriety of behaviour,
+     Great politeness of manners!
+     His eloquence was sweet, correct, and flowing;
+     His memory vast and exact;
+     His judgement strong and acute;
+     All which endowments, united
+     With the most amiable temper
+     And every private virtue,
+     Procured him, not only in his own country,
+     But also from foreign nations[460],
+     The highest marks of esteem.
+     In the year of our Lord 1766,
+     The 25th of his life,
+     After a long and extremely painful illness,
+     Which he supported with admirable patience and fortitude,
+     He died at Rome,
+     Where, notwithstanding the difference of religion,
+     Such extraordinary honours were paid to his memory,
+     As had never graced that of any other British Subject,
+     Since the death of Sir Philip Sidney.
+     The fame he left behind him is the best consolation
+     To his afflicted family,
+     And to his countrymen in this isle,
+     For whose benefit he had planned
+     Many useful improvements,
+     Which his fruitful genius suggested,
+     And his active spirit promoted,
+     Under the sober direction
+     Of a clear and enlightened understanding.
+     Reader, bewail our loss,
+     And that of all Britain.
+     In testimony of her love,
+     And as the best return she can make
+     To her departed son,
+     For the constant tenderness and affection
+     Which, even to his last moments,
+     He shewed for her,
+     His much afflicted mother,
+     The LADY MARGARET MACDONALD,
+     Daughter to the EARL of EGLINTOUNE,
+     Erected this Monument,
+     A.D. 1768[461]'
+
+Dr. Johnson said, the inscription should have been in Latin, as every
+thing intended to be universal and permanent should be[462].
+
+This being a beautiful day, my spirits were cheered by the mere effect
+of climate. I had felt a return of spleen during my stay at Armidale,
+and had it not been that I had Dr. Johnson to contemplate, I should have
+sunk into dejection; but his firmness supported me. I looked at him, as
+a man whose head is turning giddy at sea looks at a rock, or any fixed
+object. I wondered at his tranquillity. He said, 'Sir, when a man
+retires into an island, he is to turn his thoughts entirely to another
+world. He has done with this.' BOSWELL. 'It appears to me, Sir, to be
+very difficult to unite a due attention to this world, and that which is
+to come; for, if we engage eagerly in the affairs of life, we are apt to
+be totally forgetful of a future state; and, on the other hand, a steady
+contemplation of the awful concerns of eternity renders all objects here
+so insignificant, as to make us indifferent and negligent about them.'
+JOHNSON. 'Sir, Dr. Cheyne has laid down a rule to himself on this
+subject, which should be imprinted on every mind:--"_To neglect nothing
+to secure my eternal peace, more than if I had been certified I should
+die within the day: nor to mind any thing that my secular obligations
+and duties demanded of me, less than if I had been ensured to live fifty
+years more[463]_."'
+
+I must here observe, that though Dr. Johnson appeared now to be
+philosophically calm, yet his genius did not shine forth as in
+companies, where I have listened to him with admiration. The vigour of
+his mind was, however, sufficiently manifested, by his discovering no
+symptoms of feeble relaxation in the dull, 'weary, flat and
+unprofitable[464]' state in which we now were placed.
+
+I am inclined to think that it was on this day he composed the following
+Ode upon the _Isle of Sky_, which a few days afterwards he shewed me
+at Rasay:--
+
+     ODA,
+
+     Ponti profundis clausa recessibus,
+     Strepens procellis, rupibus obsita,
+     Quam grata defesso virentem
+     Skia sinum nebulosa pandis.
+
+     His cura, credo, sedibus exulat;
+     His blanda certe pax habitat locis:
+     Non ira, non moeror quietis
+     Insidias meditatur horis.
+
+     At non cavata rupe latescere,
+     Menti nec aegrae montibus aviis
+     Prodest vagari, nec frementes
+     E scopulo numerare fluctus.
+
+     Humana virtus non sibi sufficit,
+     Datur nec aequum cuique animum sibi
+     Parare posse, ut Stoicorum
+     Secta crepet nimis alta fallax.
+
+     Exaestuantis pectoris impetum,
+     Rex summe, solus tu regis arbiter,
+     Mentisque, te tollente, surgunt,
+     Te recidunt moderante fluctus[465].
+
+After supper, Dr. Johnson told us, that Isaac Hawkins Browne drank
+freely for thirty years, and that he wrote his poem, _De Animi
+Immortalitate_, in some of the last of these years[466]. I listened to
+this with the eagerness of one who, conscious of being himself fond of
+wine, is glad to hear that a man of so much genius and good thinking as
+Browne had the same propensity[467].
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 6.
+
+We set out, accompanied by Mr. Donald M'Leod, (late of Canna) as our
+guide. We rode for some time along the district of Slate, near the
+shore. The houses in general are made of turf, covered with grass. The
+country seemed well peopled. We came into the district of Strath, and
+passed along a wild moorish tract of land till we arrived at the shore.
+There we found good verdure, and some curious whin-rocks, or collections
+of stones like the ruins of the foundations of old buildings. We saw
+also three Cairns of considerable size.
+
+About a mile beyond Broadfoot, is Corrichatachin, a farm of Sir
+Alexander Macdonald's, possessed by Mr. M'Kinnon[468], who received us
+with a hearty welcome, as did his wife, who was what we call in Scotland
+a _lady-like_ woman. Mr. Pennant in the course of his tour to the
+Hebrides, passed two nights at this gentleman's house. On its being
+mentioned, that a present had here been made to him of a curious
+specimen of Highland antiquity, Dr. Johnson said, 'Sir, it was more than
+he deserved; the dog is a Whig[469].'
+
+We here enjoyed the comfort of a table plentifully furnished[470], the
+satisfaction of which was heightened by a numerous and cheerful company;
+and we for the first time had a specimen of the joyous social manners of
+the inhabitants of the Highlands. They talked in their own ancient
+language, with fluent vivacity, and sung many Erse songs with such
+spirit, that, though Dr. Johnson was treated with the greatest respect
+and attention, there were moments in which he seemed to be forgotten.
+For myself, though but a _Lowlander_, having picked up a few words of
+the language, I presumed to mingle in their mirth, and joined in the
+choruses with as much glee as any of the company. Dr. Johnson being
+fatigued with his journey, retired early to his chamber, where he
+composed the following Ode, addressed to Mrs. Thrale[471]:--
+
+     ODA.
+
+     Permeo terras, ubi nuda rupes
+     Saxeas miscet nebulis ruinas,
+     Torva ubi rident steriles coloni
+     Rura labores.
+
+     Pervagor gentes, hominum ferorum
+     Vita ubi nullo decorata cultu
+     Squallet informis, tugurique fumis
+     Foeda latescit.
+
+     Inter erroris salebrosa longi,
+     Inter ignotae strepitus loquelae,
+     Quot modis mecum, quid agat, requiro,
+     Thralia dulcis?
+
+     Seu viri curas pia nupta mulcet,
+     Seu fovet mater sobolem benigna,
+     Sive cum libris novitate pascet
+     Sedula mentem;
+
+     Sit memor nostri, fideique merces,
+     Stet fides constans, meritoque blandum
+     Thraliae discant resonare nomen
+     Littora Skiae.
+
+Scriptum in Skia, Sept. 6, 1773[472].
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7.
+
+Dr. Johnson was much pleased with his entertainment here. There were
+many good books in the house: _Hector Boethius_ in Latin; Cave's _Lives
+of the Fathers_; Baker's _Chronicle_; Jeremy Collier's _Church History_;
+Dr. Johnson's small _Dictionary_; Craufurd's _Officers of State_, and
+several more[473]:--a mezzotinto of Mrs. Brooks the actress (by some
+strange chance in Sky[474]), and also a print of Macdonald of
+Clanranald[475], with a Latin inscription about the cruelties after the
+battle of Culloden, which will never be forgotten.
+
+It was a very wet stormy day; we were therefore obliged to remain here,
+it being impossible to cross the sea to Rasay.
+
+I employed a part of the forenoon in writing this Journal. The rest of
+it was somewhat dreary, from the gloominess of the weather, and the
+uncertain state which we were in, as we could not tell but it might
+clear up every hour. Nothing is more painful to the mind than a state of
+suspence, especially when it depends upon the weather, concerning which
+there can be so little calculation. As Dr. Johnson said of our weariness
+on the Monday at Aberdeen, 'Sensation is sensation[476]:'
+Corrichatachin, which was last night a hospitable house, was, in my
+mind, changed to-day into a prison. After dinner I read some of Dr.
+Macpherson's _Dissertations on the Ancient Caledonians_[477]. I was
+disgusted by the unsatisfactory conjectures as to antiquity, before the
+days of record. I was happy when tea came. Such, I take it, is the state
+of those who live in the country. Meals are wished for from the cravings
+of vacuity of mind, as well as from the desire of eating. I was hurt to
+find even such a temporary feebleness, and that I was so far from being
+that robust wise man who is sufficient for his own happiness. I felt a
+kind of lethargy of indolence. I did not exert myself to get Dr. Johnson
+to talk, that I might not have the labour of writing down his
+conversation. He enquired here if there were any remains of the second
+sight[478]. Mr. M'Pherson, Minister of Slate, said, he was _resolved_
+not to believe it, because it was founded on no principle[479]. JOHNSON.
+'There are many things then, which we are sure are true, that you will
+not believe. What principle is there, why a loadstone attracts iron? why
+an egg produces a chicken by heat? why a tree grows upwards, when the
+natural tendency of all things is downwards? Sir, it depends upon the
+degree of evidence that you have.' Young Mr. M'Kinnon mentioned one
+M'Kenzie, who is still alive, who had often fainted in his presence, and
+when he recovered, mentioned visions which had been presented to him. He
+told Mr. M'Kinnon, that at such a place he should meet a funeral, and
+that such and such people would be the bearers, naming four; and three
+weeks afterwards he saw what M'Kenzie had predicted. The naming the very
+spot in a country where a funeral comes a long way, and the very people
+as bearers, when there are so many out of whom a choice may be made,
+seems extraordinary. We should have sent for M'Kenzie, had we not been
+informed that he could speak no English. Besides, the facts were not
+related with sufficient accuracy.
+
+Mrs. M'Kinnon, who is a daughter of old Kingsburgh, told us that her
+father was one day riding in Sky, and some women, who were at work in a
+field on the side of the road, said to him they had heard two _taiscks_,
+(that is, two voices of persons about to die[480],) and what was
+remarkable, one of them was an _English taisck_, which they never heard
+before. When he returned, he at that very place met two funerals, and
+one of them was that of a woman who had come from the main land, and
+could speak only English. This, she remarked, made a great impression
+upon her father.
+
+How all the people here were lodged, I know not. It was partly done by
+separating man and wife, and putting a number of men in one room, and of
+women in another.
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 8.
+
+When I waked, the rain was much heavier than yesterday; but the wind had
+abated. By breakfast, the day was better, and in a little while it was
+calm and clear. I felt my spirits much elated. The propriety of the
+expression, '_the sunshine of the breast_[481],' now struck me with
+peculiar force; for the brilliant rays penetrated into my very soul. We
+were all in better humour than before. Mrs. M'Kinnon, with unaffected
+hospitality and politeness, expressed her happiness in having such
+company in her house, and appeared to understand and relish Dr.
+Johnson's conversation, as indeed all the company seemed to do. When I
+knew she was old Kingsburgh's daughter, I did not wonder at the good
+appearance which she made.
+
+She talked as if her husband and family would emigrate, rather than be
+oppressed by their landlord; and said, 'how agreeable would it be, if
+these gentlemen should come in upon us when we are in America.' Somebody
+observed that Sir Alexander Macdonald was always frightened at sea.
+JOHNSON. '_He_ is frightened at sea; and his tenants are frightened when
+he comes to land.'
+
+We resolved to set out directly after breakfast. We had about two miles
+to ride to the sea-side, and there we expected to get one of the boats
+belonging to the fleet of bounty[482] herring-busses then on the coast,
+or at least a good country fishing-boat. But while we were preparing to
+set out, there arrived a man with the following card from the Reverend
+Mr. Donald M'Queen:--
+
+'Mr. M'Queen's compliments to Mr. Boswell, and begs leave to acquaint
+him that, fearing the want of a proper boat, as much as the rain of
+yesterday, might have caused a stop, he is now at Skianwden with
+Macgillichallum's[483] carriage, to convey him and Dr. Johnson to Rasay,
+where they will meet with a most hearty welcome, and where. Macleod,
+being on a visit, now attends their motions.' 'Wednesday afternoon.'
+
+This card was most agreeable; it was a prologue to that hospitable and
+truly polite reception which we found at Rasay. In a little while
+arrived Mr. Donald M'Queen himself; a decent minister, an elderly man
+with his own black hair, courteous, and rather slow of speech, but
+candid, sensible, and well informed, nay learned. Along with him came,
+as our pilot, a gentleman whom I had a great desire to see, Mr. Malcolm
+Macleod, one of the Rasay family, celebrated in the year 1745-6. He was
+now sixty-two years of age, hale, and well proportioned,--with a manly
+countenance, tanned by the weather, yet having a ruddiness in his
+cheeks, over a great part of which his rough beard extended. His eye was
+quick and lively, yet his look was not fierce, but he appeared at once
+firm and good-humoured. He wore a pair of brogues[484],--Tartan hose
+which came up only near to his knees, and left them bare,--a purple
+camblet kilt[485],--a black waistcoat,--a short green cloth coat bound
+with gold cord,--a yellowish bushy wig,--a large blue bonnet with a gold
+thread button. I never saw a figure that gave a more perfect
+representation of a Highland gentleman. I wished much to have a picture
+of him just as he was. I found him frank and _polite_, in the true sense
+of the word.
+
+The good family at Corrichatachin said, they hoped to see us on our
+return. We rode down to the shore; but Malcolm walked with
+graceful agility.
+
+We got into Rasay's _carriage_, which was a good strong open boat made
+in Norway. The wind had now risen pretty high, and was against us; but
+we had four stout rowers, particularly a Macleod, a robust black-haired
+fellow, half naked, and bare-headed, something between a wild Indian and
+an English tar. Dr. Johnson sat high, on the stern, like a magnificent
+Triton. Malcolm sung an Erse song, the chorus of which was '_Hatyin foam
+foam eri_', with words of his own[486]. The tune resembled '_Owr the
+muir amang the heather_'. The boatmen and Mr. M'Queen chorused, and all
+went well. At length Malcolm himself took an oar, and rowed vigorously.
+We sailed along the coast of Scalpa, a rugged island, about four miles
+in length. Dr. Johnson proposed that he and I should buy it, and found a
+good school, and an episcopal church, (Malcolm[487] said, he would come
+to it,) and have a printing-press, where he would print all the Erse
+that could be found.  Here I was strongly struck with our long
+projected scheme of visiting the Hebrides being realized[488]. I called
+to him, 'We are contending with seas;' which I think were the words of
+one of his letters to me[489]. 'Not much,' said he; and though the wind
+made the sea lash considerably upon us, he was not discomposed. After we
+were out of the shelter of Scalpa, and in the sound between it and
+Rasay, which extended about a league, the wind made the sea very
+rough[490]. I did not like it. JOHNSON. 'This now is the Atlantick. If I
+should tell at a tea table in London, that I have crossed the Atlantick
+in an open boat, how they'd shudder, and what a fool they'd think me to
+expose myself to such danger?' He then repeated Horace's ode,--
+
+     'Otium Divos rogat in patenti
+      Prensus Aegaeo----[491]'
+
+In the confusion and hurry of this boisterous sail, Dr. Johnson's spurs,
+of which Joseph had charge, were carried over-board into the sea, and
+lost[492]. This was the first misfortune that had befallen us. Dr.
+Johnson was a little angry at first, observing that 'there was something
+wild in letting a pair of spurs be carried into the sea out of a boat;'
+but then he remarked, 'that, as Janes the naturalist had said upon
+losing his pocket-book, it was rather an inconvenience than a loss.' He
+told us, he now recollected that he dreamt the night before, that he put
+his staff into a river, and chanced to let it go, and it was carried
+down the stream and lost. 'So now you see, (said he,) that I have lost
+my spurs; and this story is better than many of those which we have
+concerning second sight and dreams.' Mr. M'Queen said he did not believe
+the second sight; that he never met with any well attested instances;
+and if he should, he should impute them to chance; because all who
+pretend to that quality often fail in their predictions, though they
+take a great scope, and sometimes interpret literally, sometimes
+figuratively, so as to suit the events. He told us, that, since he came
+to be minister of the parish where he now is, the belief of witchcraft,
+or charms, was very common, insomuch that he had many prosecutions
+before his _session_ (the parochial ecclesiastical court) against women,
+for having by these means carried off the milk from people's cows. He
+disregarded them; and there is not now the least vestige of that
+superstition. He preached against it; and in order to give a strong
+proof to the people that there was nothing in it, he said from the
+pulpit that every woman in the parish was welcome to take the milk from
+his cows, provided she did not touch them[493].
+
+Dr. Johnson asked him as to _Fingal_. He said he could repeat some
+passages in the original, that he heard his grandfather had a copy of
+it; but that he could not affirm that Ossian composed all that poem as
+it is now published. This came pretty much to what Dr. Johnson had
+maintained[494]; though he goes farther, and contends that it is no
+better than such an epick poem as he could make from the song of Robin
+Hood[495]; that is to say, that, except a few passages, there is nothing
+truly ancient but the names and some vague traditions. Mr. M'Queen
+alleged that Homer was made up of detached fragments. Dr. Johnson denied
+this; observing, that it had been one work originally, and that you
+could not put a book of the _Iliad_ out of its place; and he believed
+the same might be said of the _Odyssey_.
+
+The approach to Rasay was very pleasing. We saw before us a beautiful
+bay, well defended by a rocky coast; a good family mansion; a fine
+verdure about it,--with a considerable number of trees;--and beyond it
+hills and mountains in gradation of wildness. Our boatmen sung with
+great spirit. Dr. Johnson observed, that naval musick was very ancient.
+As we came near the shore, the singing of our rowers was succeeded by
+that of reapers, who were busy at work, and who seemed to shout as much
+as to sing, while they worked with a bounding activity[496]. Just as we
+landed, I observed a cross, or rather the ruins of one, upon a rock,
+which had to me a pleasing vestige of religion. I perceived a large
+company coming out from the house. We met them as we walked up. There
+were Rasay himself; his brother Dr. Macleod; his nephew the Laird of
+M'Kinnon; the Laird of Macleod; Colonel Macleod of Talisker, an officer
+in the Dutch service, a very genteel man, and a faithful branch of the
+family; Mr. Macleod of Muiravenside, best known by the name of Sandie
+Macleod, who was long in exile on account of the part which he took in
+1745; and several other persons. We were welcomed upon the green, and
+conducted into the house, where we were introduced to Lady Rasay, who
+was surrounded by a numerous family, consisting of three sons and ten
+daughters. The Laird of Rasay is a sensible, polite, and most hospitable
+gentleman. I was told that his island of Rasay, and that of Rona, (from
+which the eldest son of the family has his title,) and a considerable
+extent of land which he has in Sky, do not altogether yield him a very
+large revenue[497]: and yet he lives in great splendour; and so far is
+he from distressing his people, that, in the present rage for
+emigration, not a man has left his estate.  It was past six o'clock
+when we arrived. Some excellent brandy was served round immediately,
+according to the custom of the Highlands, where a dram is generally
+taken every day. They call it a _scalch_[498]. On a side-board was
+placed for us, who had come off the sea, a substantial dinner, and a
+variety of wines. Then we had coffee and tea. I observed in the room
+several elegantly bound books, and other marks of improved life. Soon
+afterwards a fidler appeared, and a little ball began. Rasay himself
+danced with as much spirit as any man, and Malcolm bounded like a roe.
+Sandie Macleod, who has at times an excessive flow of spirits, and had
+it now, was, in his days of absconding, known by the name of
+_M'Cruslick_[499], which it seems was the designation of a kind of
+wild man in the Highlands, something between Proteus and Don Quixote;
+and so he was called here. He made much jovial noise. Dr. Johnson was so
+delighted with this scene, that he said, 'I know not how we shall get
+away.' It entertained me to observe him sitting by, while we danced,
+sometimes in deep meditation,--sometimes smiling complacently,--sometimes
+looking upon Hooke's _Roman History_,--and sometimes talking a
+little, amidst the noise of the ball, to Mr. Donald M'Queen, who
+anxiously gathered knowledge from him. He was pleased with M'Queen, and
+said to me, 'This is a critical man, Sir. There must be great vigour of
+mind to make him cultivate learning so much in the isle of Sky, where
+he might do without it. It is wonderful how many of the new publications
+he has. There must be a snatch of every opportunity.' Mr. M'Queen told
+me that his brother (who is the fourth generation of the family
+following each other as ministers of the parish of Snizort,) and he
+joined together, and bought from time to time such books as had
+reputation. Soon after we came in, a black cock and grey hen, which had
+been shot, were shewn, with their feathers on, to Dr. Johnson, who had
+never seen that species of bird before. We had a company of thirty at
+supper; and all was good humour and gaiety, without intemperance.
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 9.
+
+At breakfast this morning, among a profusion of other things, there were
+oat-cakes, made of what is called _graddaned_ meal, that is, meal made
+of grain separated from the husks, and toasted by fire, instead of being
+threshed and kiln-dried. This seems to be bad management, as so much
+fodder is consumed by it. Mr. M'Queen however defended it, by saying,
+that it is doing the thing much quicker, as one operation effects what
+is otherwise done by two. His chief reason however was, that the
+servants in Sky are, according to him, a faithless pack, and steal what
+they can; so that much is saved by the corn passing but once through
+their hands, as at each time they pilfer some. It appears to me, that
+the gradaning is a strong proof of the laziness of the Highlanders, who
+will rather make fire act for them, at the expence of fodder, than
+labour themselves. There was also, what I cannot help disliking at
+breakfast, cheese: it is the custom over all the Highlands to have it;
+and it often smells very strong, and poisons to a certain degree the
+elegance of an Indian repast[500]. The day was showery; however, Rasay
+and I took a walk, and had some cordial conversation. I conceived a more
+than ordinary regard for this worthy gentleman. His family has possessed
+this island above four hundred years[501]. It is the remains of the
+estate of Macleod of Lewis, whom he represents. When we returned, Dr.
+Johnson walked with us to see the old chapel. He was in fine spirits. He
+said,' This is truly the patriarchal life: this is what we came to
+find.'  After dinner, M'Cruslick, Malcolm, and I, went out with guns,
+to try if we could find any black-cock; but we had no sport, owing to a
+heavy rain. I saw here what is called a Danish fort. Our evening was
+passed as last night was. One of our company, I was told, had hurt
+himself by too much study, particularly of infidel metaphysicians; of
+which he gave a proof, on second sight being mentioned. He immediately
+retailed some of the fallacious arguments of Voltaire and Hume against
+miracles in general. Infidelity in a Highland gentleman appeared to me
+peculiarly offensive. I was sorry for him, as he had otherwise a good
+character. I told Dr. Johnson that he had studied himself into
+infidelity. JOHNSON. 'Then he must study himself out of it again. That
+is the way. Drinking largely will sober him again.'
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 10.
+
+Having resolved to explore the Island of Rasay, which could be done only
+on foot, I last night obtained my fellow-traveller's permission to leave
+him for a day, he being unable to take so hardy a walk. Old Mr. Malcolm
+M'Cleod, who had obligingly promised to accompany me, was at my bed-side
+between five and six. I sprang up immediately, and he and I, attended by
+two other gentlemen, traversed the country during the whole of this day.
+Though we had passed over not less than four-and-twenty miles of very
+rugged ground, and had a Highland dance on the top of _Dun Can_, the
+highest mountain in the island, we returned in the evening not at all
+fatigued, and piqued ourselves at not being outdone at the nightly ball
+by our less active friends, who had remained at home.
+
+My survey of Rasay did not furnish much which can interest my readers; I
+shall therefore put into as short a compass as I can, the observations
+upon it, which I find registered in my journal. It is about fifteen
+English miles long, and four broad. On the south side is the laird's
+family seat, situated on a pleasing low spot. The old tower of three
+stories, mentioned by Martin, was taken down soon after 1746, and a
+modern house supplies its place. There are very good grass-fields and
+corn-lands about it, well-dressed. I observed, however, hardly any
+inclosures, except a good garden plentifully stocked with vegetables,
+and strawberries, raspberries, currants, &c.
+
+On one of the rocks just where we landed, which are not high, there is
+rudely carved a square, with a crucifix in the middle. Here, it is said,
+the Lairds of Rasay, in old times, used to offer up their devotions. I
+could not approach the spot, without a grateful recollection of the
+event commemorated by this symbol.
+
+A little from the shore, westward, is a kind of subterraneous house.
+There has been a natural fissure, or separation of the rock, running
+towards the sea, which has been roofed over with long stones, and above
+them turf has been laid. In that place the inhabitants used to keep
+their oars. There are a number of trees near the house, which grow well;
+some of them of a pretty good size. They are mostly plane and ash. A
+little to the west of the house is an old ruinous chapel, unroofed,
+which never has been very curious. We here saw some human bones of an
+uncommon size. There was a heel-bone, in particular, which Dr. Macleod
+said was such, that if the foot was in proportion, it must have been
+twenty-seven inches long. Dr. Johnson would not look at the bones. He
+started back from them with a striking appearance of horrour[502]. Mr.
+M'Queen told us it was formerly much the custom, in these isles, to have
+human bones lying above ground, especially in the windows of churches.
+On the south of the chapel is the family burying-place. Above the door,
+on the east end of it, is a small bust or image of the Virgin Mary,
+carved upon a stone which makes part of the wall. There is no church
+upon the island. It is annexed to one of the parishes of Sky; and the
+minister comes and preaches either in Rasay's house, or some other
+house, on certain Sundays. I could not but value the family seat more,
+for having even the ruins of a chapel close to it. There was something
+comfortable in the thought of being so near a piece of consecrated
+ground.[503] Dr. Johnson said, 'I look with reverence upon every place
+that has been set apart for religion;' and he kept off his hat while he
+was within the walls of the chapel[504].
+
+The eight crosses, which Martin mentions as pyramids for deceased
+ladies, stood in a semicircular line, which contained within it the
+chapel. They marked out the boundaries of the sacred territory within
+which an asylum was to be had. One of them, which we observed upon our
+landing, made the first point of the semicircle. There are few of them
+now remaining. A good way farther north, there is a row of buildings
+about four feet high; they run from the shore on the east along the top
+of a pretty high eminence, and so down to the shore on the west, in much
+the same direction with the crosses. Rasay took them to be the marks for
+the asylum; but Malcolm thought them to be false sentinels, a common
+deception, of which instances occur in Martin, to make invaders imagine
+an island better guarded. Mr. Donald M'Queen, justly in my opinion,
+supposed the crosses which form the inner circle to be the church's
+land-marks.
+
+The south end of the island is much covered with large stones or rocky
+strata. The laird has enclosed and planted part of it with firs, and he
+shewed me a considerable space marked out for additional plantations.
+
+_Dun Can_ is a mountain three computed miles from the laird's house. The
+ascent to it is by consecutive risings, if that expression may be used
+when vallies intervene, so that there is but a short rise at once; but
+it is certainly very high above the sea. The palm of altitude is
+disputed for by the people of Rasay and those of Sky; the former
+contending for Dun Can, the latter for the mountains in Sky, over
+against it. We went up the east side of Dun Can pretty easily. It is
+mostly rocks all around, the points of which hem the summit of it.
+Sailors, to whom it was a good object as they pass along, call it
+Rasay's cap. Before we reached this mountain, we passed by two lakes. Of
+the first, Malcolm told me a strange fabulous tradition. He said, there
+was a wild beast in it, a sea horse, which came and devoured a man's
+daughter; upon which the man lighted a great fire, and had a sow roasted
+at it, the smell of which attracted the monster. In the fire was put a
+spit. The man lay concealed behind a low wall of loose stones, and he
+had an avenue formed for the monster, with two rows of large flat
+stones, which extended from the fire over the summit of the hill, till
+it reached the side of the loch. The monster came, and the man with the
+red-hot spit destroyed it. Malcolm shewed me the little hiding-place,
+and the rows of stones. He did not laugh when he told this story. I
+recollect having seen in the _Scots Magazine_, several years ago, a poem
+upon a similar tale, perhaps the same, translated from the Erse, or
+Irish, called _Albin and the Daughter of Mey_.
+
+There is a large tract of land, possessed as a common, in Rasay. They
+have no regulations as to the number of cattle. Every man puts upon it
+as many as he chooses. From Dun Can northward, till you reach the other
+end of the island, there is much good natural pasture unincumbered by
+stones. We passed over a spot, which is appropriated for the exercising
+ground. In 1745, a hundred fighting men were reviewed here, as Malcolm
+told me, who was one of the officers that led them to the field[505].
+They returned home all but about fourteen. What a princely thing is it
+to be able to furnish such a band! Rasay has the true spirit of a chief.
+He is, without exaggeration, a father to his people.
+
+There is plenty of lime-stone in the island, a great quarry of
+free-stone, and some natural woods, but none of any age, as they cut the
+trees for common country uses. The lakes, of which there are many, are
+well stocked with trout. Malcolm catched one of four-and-twenty pounds
+weight in the loch next to Dun Can, which, by the way, is certainly a
+Danish name, as most names of places in these islands are.
+
+The old castle, in which the family of Rasay formerly resided, is
+situated upon a rock very near the sea. The rock is not one mass of
+stone, but a concretion of pebbles and earth, so firm that it does not
+appear to have mouldered. In this remnant of antiquity I found nothing
+worthy of being noticed, except a certain accommodation rarely to be
+found at the modern houses of Scotland, and which Dr. Johnson and I
+sought for in vain at the Laird of Rasay's new built mansion, where
+nothing else was wanting. I took the liberty to tell the Laird it was a
+shame there should be such a deficiency in civilized times. He
+acknowledged the justice of the remark. But perhaps some generations may
+pass before the want is supplied. Dr. Johnson observed to me, how
+quietly people will endure an evil, which they might at any time very
+easily remedy; and mentioned as an instance, that the present family of
+Rasay had possessed the island for more than four hundred years, and
+never made a commodious landing place, though a few men with pickaxes
+might have cut an ascent of stairs out of any part of the rock in a
+week's time[506].
+
+The north end of Rasay is as rocky as the south end. From it I saw the
+little isle of Fladda, belonging to Rasay, all fine green ground;--and
+Rona, which is of so rocky a soil that it appears to be a pavement. I
+was told however that it has a great deal of grass in the interstices.
+The Laird has it all in his own hands. At this end of the island of
+Rasay is a cave in a striking situation. It is in a recess of a great
+cleft, a good way up from the sea. Before it the ocean roars, being
+dashed against monstrous broken rocks; grand and aweful _propugnacula_.
+On the right hand of it is a longitudinal cave, very low at the
+entrance, but higher as you advance. The sea having scooped it out, it
+seems strange and unaccountable that the interior part, where the water
+must have operated with less force, should be loftier than that which is
+more immediately exposed to its violence. The roof of it is all covered
+with a kind of petrifications formed by drops, which perpetually distil
+from it. The first cave has been a place of much safety. I find a great
+difficulty in describing visible objects[507]. I must own too that the
+old castle and cave, like many other things of which one hears much, did
+not answer my expectations. People are every where apt to magnify the
+curiosities of their country.
+
+This island has abundance of black cattle, sheep, and goats;--a good
+many horses, which are used for ploughing, carrying out dung, and other
+works of husbandry. I believe the people never ride. There are indeed no
+roads through the island, unless a few detached beaten tracks deserve
+that name. Most of the houses are upon the shore; so that all the people
+have little boats, and catch fish. There is great plenty of potatoes
+here. There are black-cock in extraordinary abundance, moorfowl, plover
+and wild pigeons, which seemed to me to be the same as we have in
+pigeon-houses, in their state of nature. Rasay has no pigeon-house.
+There are no hares nor rabbits in the island, nor was there ever known
+to be a fox[508], till last year, when one was landed on it by some
+malicious person, without whose aid he could not have got thither, as
+that animal is known to be a very bad swimmer. He has done much
+mischief. There is a great deal of fish caught in the sea round Rasay;
+it is a place where one may live in plenty, and even in luxury. There
+are no deer; but Rasay told us he would get some.
+
+They reckon it rains nine months in the year in this island, owing to
+its being directly opposite to the western[509] coast of Sky, where the
+watery clouds are broken by high mountains. The hills here, and indeed
+all the heathy grounds in general, abound with the sweet-smelling plant
+which the Highlanders call _gaul_, and (I think) with dwarf juniper in
+many places. There is enough of turf, which is their fuel, and it is
+thought there is a mine of coal.--Such are the observations which I made
+upon the island of Rasay, upon comparing it with the description given
+by Martin, whose book we had with us.
+
+There has been an ancient league between the families of Macdonald and
+Rasay. Whenever the head of either family dies, his sword is given to
+the head of the other. The present Rasay has the late Sir James
+Macdonald's sword. Old Rasay joined the Highland army in 1745, but
+prudently guarded against a forfeiture, by previously conveying his
+estate to the present gentleman, his eldest son[510]. On that occasion,
+Sir Alexander, father of the late Sir James Macdonald, was very friendly
+to his neighbour. 'Don't be afraid, Rasay,' said he; 'I'll use all my
+interest to keep you safe; and if your estate should be taken, I'll buy
+it for the family.'--And he would have done it.
+
+Let me now gather some gold dust,--some more fragments of Dr. Johnson's
+conversation, without regard to order of time. He said, 'he thought very
+highly of Bentley; that no man now went so far in the kinds of learning
+that he cultivated[511]; that the many attacks on him were owing to
+envy, and to a desire of being known, by being in competition with such
+a man; that it was safe to attack him, because he never answered his
+opponents, but let them die away[512]. It was attacking a man who would
+not beat them, because his beating them would make them live the longer.
+And he was right not to answer; for, in his hazardous method of writing,
+he could not but be often enough wrong; so it was better to leave things
+to their general appearance, than own himself to have erred in
+particulars.' He said, 'Mallet was the prettiest drest puppet about
+town, and always kept good company[513]. That, from his way of talking
+he saw, and always said, that he had not written any part of the _Life
+of the Duke of Marlborough_, though perhaps he intended to do it at some
+time, in which case he was not culpable in taking the pension[514]. That
+he imagined the Duchess furnished the materials for her _Apology_, which
+Hooke wrote, and Hooke furnished the words and the order, and all that
+in which the art of writing consists. That the duchess had not superior
+parts, but was a bold frontless woman, who knew how to make the most of
+her opportunities in life. That Hooke got a _large_ sum of money for
+writing her _Apology_[515]. That he wondered Hooke should have been weak
+enough to insert so profligate a maxim, as that to tell another's secret
+to one's friend is no breach of confidence[516]; though perhaps Hooke,
+who was a virtuous man[517], as his _History_ shews, and did not wish
+her well, though he wrote her _Apology_, might see its ill tendency, and
+yet insert it at her desire. He was acting only ministerially.' I
+apprehended, however, that Hooke was bound to give his best advice. I
+speak as a lawyer. Though I have had clients whose causes I could not,
+as a private man, approve; yet, if I undertook them, I would not do any
+thing that might be prejudicial to them, even at their desire, without
+warning them of their danger.
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 11.
+
+It was a storm of wind and rain; so we could not set out. I wrote some
+of this _Journal_, and talked a while with Dr. Johnson in his room, and
+passed the day, I cannot well say how, but very pleasantly. I was here
+amused to find Mr. Cumberland's comedy of the _Fashionable Lover_[518],
+in which he has very well drawn a Highland character, Colin M'Cleod, of
+the same name with the family under whose roof we now were. Dr. Johnson
+was much pleased with the Laird of Macleod, who is indeed a most
+promising youth, and with a noble spirit struggles with difficulties,
+and endeavours to preserve his people. He has been left with an
+incumbrance of forty thousand pounds debt, and annuities to the amount
+of thirteen hundred pounds a year. Dr. Johnson said, 'If he gets the
+better of all this, he'll be a hero; and I hope he will[519]. I have
+not met with a young man who had more desire to learn, or who has learnt
+more. I have seen nobody that I wish more to do a kindness to than
+Macleod.' Such was the honourable elogium, on this young chieftain,
+pronounced by an accurate observer, whose praise was never
+lightly bestowed.
+
+There is neither justice of peace, nor constable in Rasay. Sky has Mr.
+M'Cleod of Ulinish, who is the sheriff substitute, and no other justice
+of peace. The want of the execution of justice is much felt among the
+islanders. Macleod very sensibly observed, that taking away the
+heritable jurisdictions[520] had not been of such service in the islands
+as was imagined. They had not authority enough in lieu of them. What
+could formerly have been settled at once, must now either take much time
+and trouble, or be neglected. Dr. Johnson said, 'A country is in a bad
+state which is governed only by laws; because a thousand things occur
+for which laws cannot provide, and where authority ought to interpose.
+Now destroying the authority of the chiefs set the people loose. It did
+not pretend to bring any positive good, but only to cure some evil; and
+I am not well enough acquainted with the country to know what degree of
+evil the heritable jurisdictions occasioned[521].' I maintained hardly
+any; because the chiefs generally acted right, for their own sakes.
+Dr. Johnson was now wishing to move. There was not enough of
+intellectual entertainment for him, after he had satisfied his
+curiosity, which he did, by asking questions, till he had exhausted the
+island; and where there was so numerous a company, mostly young people,
+there was such a flow of familiar talk, so much noise, and so much
+singing and dancing, that little opportunity was left for his energetick
+conversation[522]. He seemed sensible of this; for when I told him how
+happy they were at having him there, he said, 'Yet we have not been able
+to entertain them much.' I was fretted, from irritability of nerves, by
+M'Cruslick's too obstreperous mirth. I complained of it to my friend,
+observing we should be better if he was, gone. 'No, Sir (said he). He
+puts something into our society, and takes nothing out of it.' Dr.
+Johnson, however, had several opportunities of instructing the company;
+but I am sorry to say, that I did not pay sufficient attention to what
+passed, as his discourse now turned chiefly on mechanicks, agriculture
+and such subjects, rather than on science and wit. Last night Lady Rasay
+shewed him the operation of _wawking_ cloth, that is, thickening it in
+the same manner as is done by a mill. Here it is performed by women, who
+kneel upon the ground, and rub it with both their hands, singing an Erse
+song all the time. He was asking questions while they were performing
+this operation, and, amidst their loud and wild howl, his voice was
+heard even in the room above[523].
+
+They dance here every night. The queen of our ball was the eldest Miss
+Macleod, of Rasay, an elegant well-bred woman, and celebrated for her
+beauty over all those regions, by the name of Miss Flora Rasay[524].
+There seemed to be no jealousy, no discontent among them; and the gaiety
+of the scene was such, that I for a moment doubted whether unhappiness
+had any place in Rasay. But my delusion was soon dispelled, by
+recollecting the following lines of my fellow-traveller:--
+
+     'Yet hope not life from pain or danger free,
+      Or think the doom of man revers'd for thee[525]!'
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 12.
+
+It was a beautiful day, and although we did not approve of travelling on
+Sunday, we resolved to set out, as we were in an island from whence one
+must take occasion as it serves. Macleod and Talisker sailed in a boat
+of Rasay's for Sconser, to take the shortest way to Dunvegan. M'Cruslick
+went with them to Sconser, from whence he was to go to Slate, and so to
+the main land. We were resolved to pay a visit at Kingsburgh, and see
+the celebrated Miss Flora Macdonald, who is married to the present Mr.
+Macdonald of Kingsburgh; so took that road, though not so near. All the
+family, but Lady Rasay, walked down to the shore to see us depart. Rasay
+himself went with us in a large boat, with eight oars, built in his
+island[526]; as did Mr. Malcolm M'Cleod, Mr. Donald M'Queen, Dr.
+Macleod, and some others. We had a most pleasant sail between Rasay and
+Sky; and passed by a cave, where Martin says fowls were caught by
+lighting fire in the mouth of it. Malcolm remembers this. But it is not
+now practised, as few fowls come into it.
+
+We spoke of Death. Dr. Johnson on this subject observed, that the
+boastings of some men, as to dying easily, were idle talk[527],
+proceeding from partial views. I mentioned Hawthornden's
+_Cypress-grove_, where it is said that the world is a mere show; and
+that it is unreasonable for a man to wish to continue in the show-room,
+after he has seen it. Let him go cheerfully out, and give place to other
+spectators[528]. JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir, if he is sure he is to be well,
+after he goes out of it. But if he is to grow blind after he goes out of
+the show-room, and never to see any thing again; or if he does not know
+whither he is to go next, a man will not go cheerfully out of a
+show-room. No wise man will be contented to die, if he thinks he is to
+go into a state of punishment. Nay, no wise man will be contented to
+die, if he thinks he is to fall into annihilation: for however unhappy
+any man's existence may be, he yet would rather have it, than not exist
+at all[529]. No; there is no rational principle by which a man can die
+contented, but a trust in the mercy of GOD, through the merits of Jesus
+Christ.' This short sermon, delivered with an earnest tone, in a boat
+upon the sea, which was perfectly calm, on a day appropriated to
+religious worship, while every one listened with an air of satisfaction,
+had a most pleasing effect upon my mind.
+
+Pursuing the same train of serious reflection, he added that it seemed
+certain that happiness could not be found in this life, because so many
+had tried to find it, in such a variety of ways, and had not found it.
+
+We reached the harbour of Portree, in Sky, which is a large and good
+one. There was lying in it a vessel to carry off the emigrants called
+the _Nestor_. It made a short settlement of the differences between a
+chief and his clan:--
+
+     '-----_Nestor_ componere lites
+      Inter Peleiden festinat & inter Atriden.'[530]
+
+We approached her, and she hoisted her colours. Dr. Johnson
+and Mr. McQueen remained in the boat: Rasay and I, and the
+rest went on board of her. She was a very pretty vessel, and, as
+we were told, the largest in Clyde. Mr. Harrison, the captain,
+shewed her to us. The cabin was commodious, and even elegant.
+There was a little library, finely bound. _Portree_ has its name
+from King James the Fifth having landed there in his tour
+through the Western Isles, _Ree_ in Erse being King, as _Re_ is in
+Italian; so it is _Port Royal_. There was here a tolerable inn.
+On our landing, I had the pleasure of finding a letter from
+home; and there were also letters to Dr. Johnson and me, from
+Lord Elibank[531], which had been sent after us from Edinburgh.
+His Lordship's letter to me was as follows:--
+
+'DEAR BOSWELL,
+
+'I flew to Edinburgh the moment I heard of Mr. Johnson's arrival; but so
+defective was my intelligence, that I came too late. 'It is but justice
+to believe, that I could never forgive myself, nor deserve to be
+forgiven by others, if I was to fail in any mark of respect to that very
+great genius.--I hold him in the highest veneration; for that very
+reason I was resolved to take no share in the merit, perhaps guilt, of
+inticing him to honour this country with a visit.--I could not persuade
+myself there was any thing in Scotland worthy to have a Summer of Samuel
+Johnson bestowed on it; but since he has done us that compliment, for
+heaven's sake inform me of your motions. I will attend them most
+religiously; and though I should regret to let Mr. Johnson go a mile out
+of his way on my account, old as I am,[532] I shall be glad to go five
+hundred miles to enjoy a day of his company. Have the charity to send a
+council-post[533] with intelligence; the post does not suit us in the
+country.--At any rate write to me. I will attend you in the north, when
+I shall know where to find you.
+
+     I am,
+     My dear Boswell,
+     Your sincerely
+     Obedient humble servant,
+     'ELIBANK.'
+
+'August 21st, 1773.'
+
+The letter to Dr. Johnson was in these words:--
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+
+'I was to have kissed your hands at Edinburgh, the moment I heard of
+you; but you was gone.
+
+'I hope my friend Boswell will inform me of your motions. It will be
+cruel to deprive me an instant of the honour of attending you. As I
+value you more than any King in Christendom, I will perform that duty
+with infinitely greater alacrity than any courtier. I can contribute but
+little to your entertainment; but, my sincere esteem for you gives me
+some title to the opportunity of expressing it.
+
+'I dare say you are by this time sensible that things are pretty much
+the same, as when Buchanan complained of being born _solo et seculo
+inerudito_. Let me hear of you, and be persuaded that none of your
+admirers is more sincerely devoted to you, than,
+
+     Dear Sir,
+         Your most obedient,
+             And most humble servant,
+                      'ELIBANK.'
+
+Dr. Johnson, on the following Tuesday, answered for both of us, thus:--
+
+'My LORD, 'On the rugged shore of Skie, I had the honour of your
+Lordship's letter, and can with great truth declare, that no place is so
+gloomy but that it would be cheered by such a testimony of regard, from
+a mind so well qualified to estimate characters, and to deal out
+approbation in its due proportions. If I have more than my share, it is
+your Lordship's fault; for I have always reverenced your judgment too
+much, to exalt myself in your presence by any false pretensions.
+
+'Mr. Boswell and I are at present at the disposal of the winds, and
+therefore cannot fix the time at which we shall have the honour of
+seeing your lordship. But we should either of us think ourselves injured
+by the supposition that we would miss your lordship's conversation, when
+we could enjoy it; for I have often declared that I never met you
+without going away a wiser man.[534]
+
+    'I am, my Lord,
+     Your Lordship's most obedient
+     And most humble servant,
+     Skie, Sept. 14, 1773.'   'SAM. JOHNSON.'
+
+At Portree, Mr. Donald McQueen went to church and officiated in Erse,
+and then came to dinner. Dr. Johnson and I resolved that we should treat
+the company, so I played the landlord, or master of the feast, having
+previously ordered Joseph to pay the bill.
+
+Sir James Macdonald intended to have built a village here, which would
+have done great good. A village is like a heart to a country. It
+produces a perpetual circulation, and gives the people an opportunity to
+make profit of many little articles, which would otherwise be in a good
+measure lost. We had here a dinner, _et praeterea nihil_. Dr. Johnson
+did not talk. When we were about to depart, we found that Rasay had been
+beforehand with us, and that all was paid: I would fain have contested
+this matter with him, but seeing him resolved, I declined it. We parted
+with cordial embraces from him and worthy Malcolm. In the evening Dr.
+Johnson and I remounted our horses, accompanied by Mr. McQueen and Dr.
+Macleod. It rained very hard. We rode what they call six miles, upon
+Rasay's lands in Sky, to Dr. Macleod's house. On the road Dr. Johnson
+appeared to be somewhat out of spirits. When I talked of our meeting
+Lord Elibank, he said, 'I cannot be with him much. I long to be again in
+civilized life; but can stay but a short while;' (he meant at
+Edinburgh.) He said, 'let us go to Dunvegan to-morrow.' 'Yes, (said I,)
+if it is not a deluge.' 'At any rate,' he replied. This shewed a kind of
+fretful impatience; nor was it to be wondered at, considering our
+disagreeable ride. I feared he would give up Mull and Icolmkill, for he
+said something of his apprehensions of being detained by bad weather in
+going to Mull and _Iona_. However I hoped well. We had a dish of tea at
+Dr. Macleod's, who had a pretty good house, where was his brother, a
+half-pay officer. His lady was a polite, agreeable woman. Dr. Johnson
+said, he was glad to see that he was so well married, for he had an
+esteem for physicians.[535] The doctor accompanied us to Kingsburgh,
+which is called a mile farther; but the computation of Sky has no
+connection whatever with real distance.[536]  I was highly pleased to
+see Dr. Johnson safely arrived at Kingsburgh, and received by the
+hospitable Mr. Macdonald, who, with a most respectful attention,
+supported him into the house. Kingsburgh was completely the figure of a
+gallant Highlander,--exhibiting 'the graceful mien and manly
+looks[537],' which our popular Scotch song has justly attributed to that
+character. He had his Tartan plaid thrown about him, a large blue bonnet
+with a knot of black ribband like a cockade, a brown short coat of a
+kind of duffil, a Tartan waistcoat with gold buttons and gold
+button-holes, a bluish philibeg, and Tartan hose. He had jet black hair
+tied behind, and was a large stately man, with a steady sensible
+countenance.
+
+There was a comfortable parlour with a good fire, and a dram went round.
+By and by supper was served, at which there appeared the lady of the
+house, the celebrated Miss Flora Macdonald. She is a little woman, of a
+genteel appearance, and uncommonly mild and well-bred[538]. To see Dr.
+Samuel Johnson, the great champion of the English Tories, salute Miss
+Flora Macdonald in the isle of Sky, was a striking sight; for though
+somewhat congenial in their notions, it was very improbable they should
+meet here.
+
+Miss Flora Macdonald (for so I shall call her) told me, she heard upon
+the main land, as she was returning home about a fortnight before, that
+Mr. Boswell was coming to Sky, and one Mr. Johnson, a young English
+buck[539], with him. He was highly entertained with this fancy. Giving
+an account of the afternoon which we passed, at _Anock_, he said, 'I,
+being a _buck_, had miss[540] in to make tea.' He was rather quiescent
+to-night, and went early to bed. I was in a cordial humour, and promoted
+a cheerful glass. The punch was excellent. Honest Mr. M'Queen observed
+that I was in high glee, 'my _governour_[541] being gone to bed.' Yet in
+reality my heart was grieved, when I recollected that Kingsburgh was
+embarrassed in his affairs, and intended to go to America[542]. However,
+nothing but what was good was present, and I pleased myself in thinking
+that so spirited a man would be well every where. I slept in the same
+room with Dr. Johnson. Each had a neat bed, with Tartan curtains, in an
+upper chamber.
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 13.
+
+The room where we lay was a celebrated one. Dr. Johnson's bed was the
+very bed in which the grandson of the unfortunate King James the
+Second[543] lay, on one of the nights after the failure of his rash
+attempt in 1745-6, while he was eluding the pursuit of the emissaries of
+government, which had offered thirty thousand pounds as a reward for
+apprehending him. To see Dr. Samuel Johnson lying in that bed, in the
+isle of Sky, in the house of Miss Flora Macdonald, struck me with such a
+group of ideas as it is not easy for words to describe, as they passed
+through the mind. He smiled, and said, 'I have had no ambitious thoughts
+in it[544].' The room was decorated with a great variety of maps and
+prints. Among others, was Hogarth's print of Wilkes grinning, with a cap
+of liberty on a pole by him. That too was a curious circumstance in the
+scene this morning; such a contrast was Wilkes to the above groupe. It
+reminded me of Sir William Chambers's _Account of Oriental
+Gardening_[545], in which we are told all odd, strange, ugly, and even
+terrible objects, are introduced for the sake of variety; a wild
+extravagance of taste which is so well ridiculed in the celebrated
+Epistle to him[546]. The following lines of that poem immediately
+occurred to me;
+
+     'Here too, O king of vengeance! in thy fane,
+      Tremendous Wilkes shall rattle his gold chain[547].'
+
+Upon the table in our room I found in the morning a slip of paper, on
+which Dr. Johnson had written with his pencil these words,
+
+     'Quantum cedat virtutibus aurum[548].'
+
+What he meant by writing them I could not tell[549]. He had caught cold
+a day or two ago, and the rain yesterday having made it worse, he was
+become very deaf. At breakfast he said, he would have given a good deal
+rather than not have lain in that bed. I owned he was the lucky man; and
+observed, that without doubt it had been contrived between Mrs.
+Macdonald and him. She seemed to acquiesce; adding, 'You know young
+_bucks_ are always favourites of the ladies.' He spoke of Prince Charles
+being here, and asked Mrs. Macdonald, '_Who_ was with him? We were told,
+madam, in England, there was one Miss Flora Macdonald with him.' She
+said, 'they were very right;' and perceiving Dr. Johnson's curiosity,
+though he had delicacy enough not to question her, very obligingly
+entertained him with a recital of the particulars which she herself knew
+of that escape, which does so much honour to the humanity, fidelity, and
+generosity of the Highlanders. Dr. Johnson listened to her with placid
+attention, and said, 'All this should be written down.'
+
+From what she told us, and from what I was told by others personally
+concerned, and from a paper of information which Rasay was so good as to
+send me, at my desire, I have compiled the following abstract, which, as
+it contains some curious anecdotes, will, I imagine, not be
+uninteresting to my readers, and even, perhaps, be of some use to future
+historians.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Prince Charles Edward, after the battle of Culloden, was conveyed to
+what is called the _Long Island_, where he lay for some time concealed.
+But intelligence having been obtained where he was, and a number of
+troops having come in quest of him, it became absolutely necessary for
+him to quit that country without delay. Miss Flora Macdonald, then a
+young lady, animated by what she thought the sacred principle of
+loyalty, offered, with the magnanimity of a Heroine, to accompany him in
+an open boat to Sky, though the coast they were to quit was guarded by
+ships. He dressed himself in women's clothes, and passed as her supposed
+maid, by the name of Betty Bourke, an Irish girl. They got off
+undiscovered, though several shots were fired to bring them to, and
+landed at Mugstot, the seat of Sir Alexander Macdonald. Sir Alexander
+was then at Fort Augustus, with the Duke of Cumberland; but his lady was
+at home. Prince Charles took his post upon a hill near the house. Flora
+Macdonald waited on lady Margaret[550], and acquainted her of the
+enterprise in which she was engaged. Her ladyship, whose active
+benevolence was ever seconded by superior talents, shewed a perfect
+presence of mind, and readiness of invention, and at once settled that
+Prince Charles should be conducted to old Rasay, who was himself
+concealed with some select friends. The plan was instantly communicated
+to Kingsburgh, who was dispatched to the hill to inform the Wanderer,
+and carry him refreshments. When Kingsburgh approached, he started up,
+and advanced, holding a large knotted stick, and in appearance ready to
+knock him down, till he said, 'I am Macdonald of Kingsburgh, come to
+serve your highness.' The Wanderer answered, 'It is well,' and was
+satisfied with the plan.
+
+Flora Macdonald dined with Lady Margaret, at whose table there sat an
+officer of the army, stationed here with a party of soldiers, to watch
+for Prince Charles in case of his flying to the isle of Sky. She
+afterwards often laughed in good-humour with this gentleman, on her
+having so well deceived him.  After dinner, Flora Macdonald on
+horseback, and her supposed maid, and Kingsburgh, with a servant
+carrying some linen, all on foot, proceeded towards that gentleman's
+house. Upon the road was a small rivulet which they were obliged to
+cross. The Wanderer, forgetting his assumed sex, that his clothes might
+not be wet, held them up a great deal too high. Kingsburgh mentioned
+this to him, observing, it might make a discovery. He said, he would be
+more careful for the future. He was as good as his word; for the next
+brook they crossed, he did not hold up his clothes at all, but let them
+float upon the water. He was very awkward in his female dress. His size
+was so large, and his strides so great, that some women whom they met
+reported that they had seen a very big woman, who looked like a man in
+woman's clothes, and that perhaps it was (as they expressed themselves)
+the _Prince_, after whom so much search was making.
+
+At Kingsburgh he met with a most cordial reception; seemed gay at
+supper, and after it indulged himself in a cheerful glass with his
+worthy host. As he had not had his clothes off for a long time, the
+comfort of a good bed was highly relished by him, and he slept soundly
+till next day at one o'clock.
+
+The mistress of Corrichatachin told me, that in the forenoon she went
+into her father's room, who was also in bed, and suggested to him her
+apprehensions that a party of the military might come up, and that his
+guest and he had better not remain here too long. Her father said, 'Let
+the poor man repose himself after his fatigues; and as for me, I care
+not, though they take off this old grey head ten or eleven years sooner
+than I should die in the course of nature.' He then wrapped himself in
+the bed-clothes, and again fell fast asleep.
+
+On the afternoon of that day, the Wanderer, still in the same dress, set
+out for Portree, with Flora Macdonald and a man servant. His shoes being
+very bad, Kingsburgh provided him with a new pair, and taking up the old
+ones, said, 'I will faithfully keep them till you are safely settled at
+St. James's. I will then introduce myself by shaking them at you, to put
+you in mind of your night's entertainment and protection under my roof.'
+He smiled, and said, 'Be as good as your word!' Kingsburgh kept the
+shoes as long as he lived. After his death, a zealous Jacobite gentleman
+gave twenty guineas for them.  Old Mrs. Macdonald, after her guest had
+left the house, took the sheets in which he had lain, folded them
+carefully, and charged her daughter that they should be kept unwashed,
+and that, when she died, her body should be wrapped in them as a winding
+sheet. Her will was religiously observed.
+
+Upon the road to Portree, Prince Charles changed his dress, and put on
+man's clothes again; a tartan short coat and waistcoat, with philibeg
+and short hose, a plaid, and a wig and bonnet.
+
+Mr. Donald M'Donald, called Donald Roy, had been sent express to the
+present Rasay, then the young laird, who was at that time at his
+sister's house, about three miles from Portree, attending his brother,
+Dr. Macleod, who was recovering of a wound he had received at the battle
+of Culloden. Mr. M'Donald communicated to young Rasay the plan of
+conveying the Wanderer to where old Rasay was; but was told that old
+Rasay had fled to Knoidart, a part of Glengary's estate. There was then
+a dilemma what should be done. Donald Roy proposed that he should
+conduct the Wanderer to the main land; but young Rasay thought it too
+dangerous at that time, and said it would be better to conceal him in
+the island of Rasay, till old Rasay could be informed where he was, and
+give his advice what was best. But the difficulty was, how to get him to
+Rasay. They could not trust a Portree crew, and all the Rasay boats had
+been destroyed, or carried off by the military, except two belonging to
+Malcolm M'Leod, which he had concealed somewhere.
+
+Dr. Macleod being informed of this difficulty, said he would risk his
+life once more for Prince Charles; and it having occurred, that there
+was a little boat upon a fresh-water lake in the neighbourhood, young
+Rasay and Dr. Macleod, with the help of some women, brought it to the
+sea, by extraordinary exertion, across a Highland mile of land, one half
+of which was bog, and the other a steep precipice.
+
+These gallant brothers, with the assistance of one little boy, rowed the
+small boat to Rasay, where they were to endeavour to find Captain
+M'Leod, as Malcolm was then called, and get one of his good boats, with
+which they might return to Portree, and receive the Wanderer; or, in
+case of not finding him, they were to make the small boat serve, though
+the danger was considerable.
+
+Fortunately, on their first landing, they found their cousin Malcolm,
+who, with the utmost alacrity, got ready one of his boats, with two
+strong men, John M'Kenzie, and Donald M'Friar. Malcolm, being the oldest
+man, and most cautious, said, that as young Rasay had not hitherto
+appeared in the unfortunate business, he ought not to run any risk; but
+that Dr. Macleod and himself, who were already publickly engaged, should
+go on this expedition. Young Rasay answered, with an oath, that he would
+go, at the risk of his life and fortune. 'In GOD'S name then (said
+Malcolm) let us proceed.' The two boatmen, however, now stopped short,
+till they should be informed of their destination; and M'Kenzie declared
+he would not move an oar till he knew where they were going. Upon which
+they were both sworn to secrecy; and the business being imparted to
+them, they were eager to put off to sea without loss of time. The boat
+soon landed about half a mile from the inn at Portree.
+
+All this was negotiated before the Wanderer got forward to Portree.
+Malcolm M'Leod and M'Friar were dispatched to look for him. In a short
+time he appeared, and went into the publick house. Here Donald Roy, whom
+he had seen at Mugstot, received him, and informed him of what had been
+concerted. He wanted silver for a guinea, but the landlord had only
+thirteen shillings. He was going to accept of this for his guinea; but
+Donald Roy very judiciously observed, that it would discover him to be
+some great man; so he desisted. He slipped out of the house, leaving his
+fair protectress, whom he never again saw; and Malcolm Macleod was
+presented to him by Donald Roy, as a captain in his army. Young Rasay
+and Dr. Macleod had waited, in impatient anxiety, in the boat. When he
+came, their names were announced to him. He would not permit the usual
+ceremonies of respect, but saluted them as his equals.
+
+Donald Roy staid in Sky, to be in readiness to get intelligence, and
+give an alarm in case the troops should discover the retreat to Rasay;
+and Prince Charles was then conveyed in a boat to that island in the
+night. He slept a little upon the passage, and they landed about
+day-break. There was some difficulty in accommodating him with a
+lodging, as almost all the houses in the island had been burnt by the
+soldiery. They repaired to a little hut, which some shepherds had lately
+built, and having prepared it as well as they could, and made a bed of
+heath for the stranger, they kindled a fire, and partook of some
+provisions which had been sent with him from Kingsburgh. It was
+observed, that he would not taste wheat-bread, or brandy, while
+oat-bread and whisky lasted; 'for these, said he, are my own country
+bread and drink.'--This was very engaging to the Highlanders.
+
+Young Rasay being the only person of the company that durst appear with
+safety, he went in quest of something fresh for them to eat: but though
+he was amidst his own cows, sheep, and goats, he could not venture to
+take any of them for fear of a discovery, but was obliged to supply
+himself by stealth. He therefore caught a kid, and brought it to the hut
+in his plaid, and it was killed and drest, and furnished them a meal
+which they relished much. The distressed Wanderer, whose health was now
+a good deal impaired by hunger, fatigue, and watching, slept a long
+time, but seemed to be frequently disturbed. Malcolm told me he would
+start from broken slumbers, and speak to himself in different languages,
+French, Italian, and English. I must however acknowledge, that it is
+highly probable that my worthy friend Malcolm did not know precisely the
+difference between French and Italian. One of his expressions in English
+was, 'O GOD! poor Scotland!'
+
+While they were in the hut, M'Kenzie and M'Friar, the two boatmen, were
+placed as sentinels upon different eminences; and one day an incident
+happened, which must not be omitted. There was a man wandering about the
+island, selling tobacco. Nobody knew him, and he was suspected to be a
+spy. M'Kenzie came running to the hut, and told that this suspected
+person was approaching. Upon which the three gentlemen, young Rasay, Dr.
+Macleod, and Malcolm, held a council of war upon him, and were
+unanimously of opinion that he should instantly be put to death. Prince
+Charles, at once assuming a grave and even severe countenance, said,
+'God forbid that we should take away a man's life, who may be innocent,
+while we can preserve our own.' The gentlemen however persisted in their
+resolution, while he as strenuously continued to take the merciful side.
+John M'Kenzie, who sat watching at the door of the hut, and overheard
+the debate, said in Erse, 'Well, well; he must be shot. You are the
+king, but we are the parliament, and will do what we choose.' Prince
+Charles, seeing the gentlemen smile, asked what the man had said, and
+being told it in English, he observed that he was a clever fellow, and,
+notwithstanding the perilous situation in which he was, laughed loud and
+heartily. Luckily the unknown person did not perceive that there were
+people in the hut, at least did not come to it, but walked on past it,
+unknowing of his risk. It was afterwards found out that he was one of
+the Highland army, who was himself in danger. Had he come to them, they
+were resolved to dispatch him; for, as Malcolm said to me, 'We could not
+keep him with us, and we durst not let him go. In such a situation, I
+would have shot my brother, if I had not been sure of him.' John
+M'Kenzie was at Rasay's house when we were there[551]. About eighteen
+years before, he hurt one of his legs when dancing, and being obliged to
+have it cut off, he now was going about with a wooden leg. The story of
+his being a _member of parliament_ is not yet forgotten. I took him out
+a little way from the house, gave him a shilling to drink Rasay's
+health, and led him into a detail of the particulars which I have just
+related. With less foundation, some writers have traced the idea of a
+parliament, and of the British constitution, in rude and early times. I
+was curious to know if he had really heard, or understood, any thing of
+that subject, which, had he been a greater man, would probably have been
+eagerly maintained. 'Why, John, (said I,) did you think the king should
+be controuled by a parliament?' He answered, 'I thought, Sir, there were
+many voices against one.'
+
+The conversation then turning on the times, the Wanderer said, that, to
+be sure, the life he had led of late was a very hard one; but he would
+rather live in the way he now did, for ten years, than fall into the
+hands of his enemies. The gentlemen asked him, what he thought his
+enemies would do with him, should he have the misfortune to fall into
+their hands. He said, he did not believe they would dare to take his
+life publickly, but he dreaded being privately destroyed by poison or
+assassination. He was very particular in his inquiries about the wound
+which Dr. Macleod had received at the battle of Culloden, from a ball
+which entered at one shoulder, and went cross to the other. The doctor
+happened still to have on the coat which he wore on that occasion. He
+mentioned, that he himself had his horse shot under him at Culloden;
+that the ball hit the horse about two inches from his knee, and made him
+so unruly that he was obliged to change him for another. He threw out
+some reflections on the conduct of the disastrous affair at Culloden,
+saying, however, that perhaps it was rash in him to do so. I am now
+convinced that his suspicions were groundless; for I have had a good
+deal of conversation upon the subject with my very worthy and ingenious
+friend, Mr. Andrew Lumisden, who was under secretary to Prince Charles,
+and afterwards principal secretary to his father at Rome, who, he
+assured me, was perfectly satisfied both of the abilities and honour of
+the generals who commanded the Highland army on that occasion. Mr.
+Lumisden has written an account of the three battles in 1745-6, at once
+accurate and classical[552]. Talking of the different Highland corps,
+the gentlemen who were present wished to have his opinion which were the
+best soldiers. He said, he did not like comparisons among those corps:
+they were all best.
+
+He told his conductors, he did not think it advisable to remain long in
+any one place; and that he expected a French ship to come for him to
+Lochbroom, among the Mackenzies. It then was proposed to carry him in
+one of Malcolm's boats to Lochbroom, though the distance was fifteen
+leagues coastwise. But he thought this would be too dangerous, and
+desired that, at any rate, they might first endeavour to obtain
+intelligence. Upon which young Rasay wrote to his friend, Mr. M'Kenzie
+of Applecross, but received an answer, that there was no appearance of
+any French ship.  It was therefore resolved that they should return to
+Sky, which they did, and landed in Strath, where they reposed in a
+cow-house belonging to Mr. Niccolson of Scorbreck. The sea was very
+rough, and the boat took in a good deal of water. The Wanderer asked if
+there was danger, as he was not used to such a vessel. Upon being told
+there was not, he sung an Erse song with much vivacity. He had by this
+time acquired a good deal of the Erse language.
+
+Young Rasay was now dispatched to where Donald Roy was, that they might
+get all the intelligence they could; and the Wanderer, with much
+earnestness, charged Dr. Macleod to have a boat ready, at a certain
+place about seven miles off, as he said he intended it should carry him
+upon a matter of great consequence; and gave the doctor a case,
+containing a silver spoon, knife, and fork, saying, 'keep you that till
+I see you,' which the doctor understood to be two days from that time.
+But all these orders were only blinds; for he had another plan in his
+head, but wisely thought it safest to trust his secrets to no more
+persons than was absolutely necessary. Having then desired Malcolm to
+walk with him a little way from the house, he soon opened his mind,
+saying, 'I deliver myself to you. Conduct me to the Laird of M'Kinnon's
+country.' Malcolm objected that it was very dangerous, as so many
+parties of soldiers were in motion. He answered, 'There is nothing now
+to be done without danger.' He then said, that Malcolm must be the
+master, and he the servant; so he took the bag, in which his linen was
+put up, and carried it on his shoulder; and observing that his
+waistcoat, which was of scarlet tartan, with a gold twist button, was
+finer than Malcolm's, which was of a plain ordinary tartan, he put on
+Malcolm's waistcoat, and gave him his; remarking at the same time, that
+it did not look well that the servant should be better dressed than
+the master.
+
+Malcolm, though an excellent walker, found himself excelled by Prince
+Charles, who told him, he should not much mind the parties that were
+looking for him, were he once but a musket shot from them; but that he
+was somewhat afraid of the Highlanders who were against him. He was well
+used to walking in Italy, in pursuit of game; and he was even now so
+keen a sportsman, that, having observed some partridges, he was going
+to take a shot: but Malcolm cautioned him against it, observing that the
+firing might be heard by the tenders[553] who were hovering upon
+the coast.
+
+As they proceeded through the mountains, taking many a circuit to avoid
+any houses, Malcolm, to try his resolution, asked him what they should
+do, should they fall in with a party of soldiers: he answered, 'Fight,
+to be sure!' Having asked Malcolm if he should be known in his present
+dress, and Malcolm having replied he would, he said, 'Then I'll blacken
+my face with powder.' 'That, said Malcolm, would discover you at once.'
+'Then, said he, I must be put in the greatest dishabille possible.' So
+he pulled off his wig, tied a handkerchief round his head, and put his
+night-cap over it, tore the ruffles from his shirt, took the buckles out
+of his shoes, and made Malcolm fasten them with strings; but still
+Malcolm thought he would be known. 'I have so odd a face, (said he) that
+no man ever saw me but he would know me again[554].'
+
+He seemed unwilling to give credit to the horrid narrative of men being
+massacred in cold blood, after victory had declared for the army
+commanded by the Duke of Cumberland. He could not allow himself to think
+that a general could be so barbarous[555].  When they came within two
+miles of M'Kinnon's house, Malcolm asked if he chose to see the laird.
+'No, (said he) by no means. I know M'Kinnon to be as good and as honest
+a man as any in the world, but he is not fit for my purpose at present.
+You must conduct me to some other house; but let it be a gentleman's
+house.' Malcolm then determined that they should go to the house of his
+brother-in-law, Mr. John M'Kinnon, and from thence be conveyed to the
+main land of Scotland, and claim the assistance of Macdonald of
+Scothouse. The Wanderer at first objected to this, because Scothouse was
+cousin to a person of whom he had suspicions. But he acquiesced in
+Malcolm's opinion.
+
+When they were near Mr. John M'Kinnon's house, they met a man of the
+name of Ross, who had been a private soldier in the Highland army. He
+fixed his eyes steadily on the Wanderer in his disguise, and having at
+once recognized him, he clapped his hands, and exclaimed, 'Alas! is this
+the case?' Finding that there was now a discovery, Malcolm asked 'What's
+to be done?' 'Swear him to secrecy,' answered Prince Charles. Upon which
+Malcolm drew his dirk, and on the naked blade, made him take a solemn
+oath, that he would say nothing of his having seen the Wanderer, till
+his escape should be made publick.
+
+Malcolm's sister, whose house they reached pretty early in the morning,
+asked him who the person was that was along with him. He said it was one
+Lewis Caw, from Crieff, who being a fugitive like himself, for the same
+reason, he had engaged him as his servant, but that he had fallen sick.
+'Poor man! (said she) I pity him. At the same time my heart warms to a
+man of his appearance.' Her husband was gone a little way from home; but
+was expected every minute to return. She set down to her brother a
+plentiful Highland breakfast. Prince Charles acted the servant very
+well, sitting at a respectful distance, with his bonnet off. Malcolm
+then said to him, 'Mr. Caw, you have as much need of this as I have;
+there is enough for us both: you had better draw nearer and share with
+me.' Upon which he rose, made a profound bow, sat down at table with his
+supposed master, and eat very heartily. After this there came in an old
+woman, who, after the mode of ancient hospitality, brought warm water,
+and washed Malcolm's feet. He desired her to wash the feet of the poor
+man who attended him. She at first seemed averse to this, from pride, as
+thinking him beneath her, and in the periphrastick language of the
+Highlanders and the Irish, said warmly, 'Though I washed your father's
+son's feet, why should I wash his father's son's feet?' She was however
+persuaded to do it.
+
+They then went to bed, and slept for some time; and when Malcolm awaked,
+he was told that Mr. John M'Kinnon, his brother-in-law, was in sight. He
+sprang out to talk to him before he should see Prince Charles. After
+saluting him, Malcolm, pointing to the sea, said, 'What, John, if the
+prince should be prisoner on board one of those tenders?' 'GOD forbid!'
+replied John. 'What if we had him here?' said Malcolm. 'I wish we had,'
+answered John; 'we should take care of him.' 'Well, John,' said Malcolm,
+'he is in your house.' John, in a transport of joy, wanted to run
+directly in, and pay his obeisance; but Malcolm stopped him, saying,
+'Now is your time to behave well, and do nothing that can discover him.'
+John composed himself, and having sent away all his servants upon
+different errands, he was introduced into the presence of his guest, and
+was then desired to go and get ready a boat lying near his house, which,
+though but a small leaky one, they resolved to take, rather than go to
+the Laird of M'Kinnon. John M'Kinnon, however, thought otherwise; and
+upon his return told them, that his Chief and lady M'Kinnon were coming
+in the laird's boat. Prince Charles said to his trusty Malcolm, 'I am
+sorry for this, but must make the best of it.' M'Kinnon then walked up
+from the shore, and did homage to the Wanderer. His lady waited in a
+cave, to which they all repaired, and were entertained with cold meat
+and wine. Mr. Malcolm M'Leod being now superseded by the Laird of
+M'Kinnon, desired leave to return, which was granted him, and Prince
+Charles wrote a short note, which he subscribed _James Thompson_,
+informing his friends that he had got away from Sky, and thanking them
+for their kindness; and he desired this might be speedily conveyed to
+young Rasay and Dr. Macleod, that they might not wait longer in
+expectation of seeing him again. He bade a cordial adieu to Malcolm, and
+insisted on his accepting of a silver stock-buckle, and ten guineas from
+his purse, though, as Malcolm told me, it did not appear to contain
+above forty. Malcolm at first begged to be excused, saying, that he had
+a few guineas at his service; but Prince Charles answered, 'You will
+have need of money. I shall get enough when I come upon the main land.'
+
+The Laird of M'Kinnon then conveyed him to the opposite coast of
+Knoidart. Old Rasay, to whom intelligence had been sent, was crossing at
+the same time to Sky; but as they did not know of each other, and each
+had apprehensions, the two boats kept aloof.
+
+These are the particulars which I have collected concerning the
+extraordinary concealment and escapes of Prince Charles, in the
+Hebrides. He was often in imminent danger.[556] The troops traced him
+from the Long Island, across Sky, to Portree, but there lost him.
+
+Here I stop,--having received no farther authentick information of his
+fatigues and perils before he escaped to France. Kings and subjects may
+both take a lesson of moderation from the melancholy fate of the House
+of Stuart; that Kings may not suffer degradation and exile, and subjects
+may not be harassed by the evils of a disputed succession.
+
+Let me close the scene on that unfortunate House with the elegant and
+pathetick reflections of _Voltaire_, in his _Histoire Generale_:--
+
+'Que les hommes prives (says that brilliant writer, speaking of Prince
+Charles) qui se croyent malheureux, jettent les yeux sur ce prince et
+ses ancetres.'[557] In another place he thus sums up the sad story of
+the family in general:--
+
+'Il n'y a aucun exemple dans l'histoire d'une maison si longtems
+infortunee. Le premier des Rois d'Ecosse, [ses aieux] qui eut le nom de
+_Jacques_, apres avoir ete dix-huit ans prisonnier en Angleterre, mourut
+assassine, avec sa femme, par la main de ses sujets. _Jacques_ II, son
+fils, fut tue a vingt-neuf ans en combattant contre les Anglois.
+_Jacques_ III, mis en prison par son peuple, fut tue ensuite par les
+revoltes, dans une bataille. _Jacques_ IV, perit dans un combat qu'il
+perdit. _Marie Stuart_, sa petite-fille, chassee de son trone, fugitive
+en Angleterre, ayant langui dix-huit ans en prison, se vit condamnee a
+mort par des juges Anglais, et eut la tete tranchee. _Charles_ Ier,
+petit-fils de _Marie_, Roi d'Ecosse et d'Angleterre, vendu par les
+Ecossois, et juge a mort par les Anglais, mourut sur un echafaud dans la
+place publique. _Jacques_, son fils, septieme du nom, et deuxieme en
+Angleterre, fut chasse de ses trois royaumes; et pour comble de malheur
+on contesta a son fils [jusqu'a] sa naissance. Ce fils ne tenta de
+remonter sur le trone de ses peres, que pour faire perir ses amis par
+des bourreaux; et nous avons vu le Prince _Charles Edouard_, reunissant
+en vain les vertus de ses peres[558] et le courage du Roi _Jean
+Sobieski_, son aieul maternel, executer les exploits et essuyer les
+malheurs les plus incroyables. Si quelque chose justifie ceux qui
+croient une fatalite a laquelle rien ne peut se soustraire, c'est cette
+suite continuelle de malheurs qui a persecute la maison de _Stuart_,
+pendant plus de trois cents annees.'[559]
+
+The gallant Malcolm was apprehended in about ten days after they
+separated, put aboard a ship and carried prisoner to London. He said,
+the prisoners in general were very ill treated in their passage; but
+there were soldiers on board who lived well, and sometimes invited him
+to share with them: that he had the good fortune not to be thrown into
+jail, but was confined in the house of a messenger, of the name of Dick.
+To his astonishment, only one witness could be found against him, though
+he had been so openly engaged; and therefore, for want of sufficient
+evidence, he was set at liberty. He added, that he thought himself in
+such danger, that he would gladly have compounded for banishment[560].
+Yet, he said, 'he should never be so ready for death as he then
+was[561].' There is philosophical truth in this. A man will meet death
+much more firmly at one time than another. The enthusiasm even of a
+mistaken principle warms the mind, and sets it above the fear of death;
+which in our cooler moments, if we really think of it, cannot but be
+terrible, or at least very awful.
+
+Miss Flora Macdonald being then also in London, under the protection of
+Lady Primrose[562], that lady provided a post-chaise to convey her to
+Scotland, and desired she might choose any friend she pleased to
+accompany her. She chose Malcolm. 'So (said he, with a triumphant air) I
+went to London to be hanged, and returned in a post-chaise with Miss
+Flora Macdonald.'
+
+Mr. Macleod of Muiravenside, whom we saw at Rasay, assured us that
+Prince Charles was in London in 1759[563], and that there was then a
+plan in agitation for restoring his family. Dr. Johnson could scarcely
+credit this story, and said, there could be no probable plan at that
+time. Such an attempt could not have succeeded, unless the King of
+Prussia had stopped the army in Germany; for both the army and the fleet
+would, even without orders, have fought for the King, to whom they had
+engaged themselves.
+
+Having related so many particulars concerning the grandson of the
+unfortunate King James the Second; having given due praise to fidelity
+and generous attachment, which, however erroneous the judgment may be,
+are honourable for the heart; I must do the Highlanders the justice to
+attest, that I found every where amongst them a high opinion of the
+virtues of the King now upon the throne, and an honest disposition to be
+faithful subjects to his majesty, whose family has possessed the
+sovereignty of this country so long, that a change, even for the
+abdicated family, would now hurt the best feelings of all his subjects.
+
+The _abstract_ point of _right_ would involve us in a discussion of
+remote and perplexed questions; and after all, we should have no clear
+principle of decision. That establishment, which, from political
+necessity, took place in 1688, by a breach in the succession of our
+kings, and which, whatever benefits may have accrued from it, certainly
+gave a shock to our monarchy,[564]--the able and constitutional
+Blackstone wisely rests on the solid footing of authority. 'Our
+ancestors having most indisputably a competent jurisdiction to decide
+this great and important question, and having, in fact, decided it, it
+is now become our duty, at this distance of time, to acquiesce in their
+determination.[565]'
+
+Mr. Paley, the present Archdeacon of Carlisle, in his _Principles of
+Moral and Political Philosophy_, having, with much clearness of
+argument, shewn the duty of submission to civil government to be founded
+neither on an indefeasible _jus divinum_, nor on _compact_, but on
+_expediency_, lays down this rational position:--
+
+'Irregularity in the first foundation of a state, or subsequent
+violence, fraud, or injustice, in getting possession of the supreme
+power, are not sufficient reasons for resistance, after the government
+is once peaceably settled. No subject of the _British_ empire conceives
+himself engaged to vindicate the justice of the _Norman_ claim or
+conquest, or apprehends that his duty in any manner depends upon that
+controversy. So likewise, if the house of _Lancaster_, or even the
+posterity of _Cromwell_, had been at this day seated upon the throne of
+_England_, we should have been as little concerned to enquire how the
+founder of the family came there[566].'  In conformity with this
+doctrine, I myself, though fully persuaded that the House of _Stuart_
+had originally no right to the crown of _Scotland_; for that _Baliol_,
+and not _Bruce_, was the lawful heir; should yet have thought it very
+culpable to have rebelled, on that account, against Charles the First,
+or even a prince of that house much nearer the time, in order to assert
+the claim of the posterity of Baliol.
+
+However convinced I am of the justice of that principle, which holds
+allegiance and protection to be reciprocal, I do however acknowledge,
+that I am not satisfied with the cold sentiment which would confine the
+exertions of the subject within the strict line of duty. I would have
+every breast animated with the _fervour_ of loyalty[567]; with that
+generous attachment which delights in doing somewhat more than is
+required, and makes 'service perfect freedom[568].' And, therefore, as
+our most gracious Sovereign, on his accession to the throne, gloried in
+being _born a Briton_[569]; so, in my more private sphere, _Ego me nunc_
+denique natum, _gratulor_[570]. I am happy that a disputed succession no
+longer distracts our minds; and that a monarchy, established by law, is
+now so sanctioned by time, that we can fully indulge those feelings of
+loyalty which I am ambitious to excite. They are feelings which have
+ever actuated the inhabitants of the Highlands and the Hebrides. The
+plant of loyalty is there in full vigour, and the Brunswick graft now
+flourishes like a native shoot. To that spirited race of people I may
+with propriety apply the elegant lines of a modern poet, on the 'facile
+temper of the beauteous sex[571]:'--
+
+     'Like birds new-caught, who flutter for a time,
+      And struggle with captivity in vain;
+      But by-and-by they rest, they smooth their plumes,
+      And to _new masters_ sing their former notes[572].'
+
+Surely such notes are much better than the querulous growlings of
+suspicious Whigs and discontented Republicans.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Kingsburgh conducted us in his boat across one of the lochs, as they
+call them, or arms of the sea, which flow in upon all the coasts of
+Sky,--to a mile beyond a place called _Grishinish_. Our horses had been
+sent round by land to meet us. By this sail we saved eight miles of bad
+riding. Dr. Johnson said, 'When we take into computation what we have
+saved, and what we have gained, by this agreeable sail, it is a great
+deal.' He observed, 'it is very disagreeable riding in Sky. The way is
+so narrow, one only at a time can travel, so it is quite unsocial; and
+you cannot indulge in meditation by yourself, because you must be always
+attending to the steps which your horse takes.' This was a just and
+clear description of its inconveniences.
+
+The topick of emigration being again introduced[573], Dr. Johnson said,
+that 'a rapacious chief would make a wilderness of his estate.' Mr.
+Donald M'Queen told us, that the oppression, which then made so much
+noise, was owing to landlords listening to bad advice in the letting of
+their lands; that interested and designed[574] people flattered them
+with golden dreams of much higher rents than could reasonably be paid:
+and that some of the gentlemen _tacksmen_[575], or upper tenants, were
+themselves in part the occasion of the mischief, by over-rating the
+farms of others. That many of the _tacksmen_, rather than comply with
+exorbitant demands, had gone off to America, and impoverished the
+country, by draining it of its wealth; and that their places were filled
+by a number of poor people, who had lived under them, properly speaking,
+as servants, paid by a certain proportion of the produce of the lands,
+though called sub-tenants. I observed, that if the men of substance were
+once banished from a Highland estate, it might probably be greatly
+reduced in its value; for one bad year might ruin a set of poor tenants,
+and men of any property would not settle in such a country, unless from
+the temptation of getting land extremely cheap; for an inhabitant of any
+good county in Britain, had better go to America than to the Highlands
+or the Hebrides. Here, therefore, was a consideration that ought to
+induce a Chief to act a more liberal part, from a mere motive of
+interest, independent of the lofty and honourable principle of keeping a
+clan together, to be in readiness to serve his king. I added, that I
+could not help thinking a little arbitrary power in the sovereign, to
+control the bad policy and greediness of the Chiefs, might sometimes be
+of service. In France a Chief would not be permitted to force a number
+of the king's subjects out of the country. Dr. Johnson concurred with
+me, observing, that 'were an oppressive chieftain a subject of the
+French king, he would probably be admonished by a _letter_.[576]'
+
+During our sail, Dr. Johnson asked about the use of the dirk, with which
+he imagined the Highlanders cut their meat. He was told, they had a
+knife and fork besides, to eat with. He asked, how did the women do? and
+was answered, some of them had a knife and fork too; but in general the
+men, when they had cut their meat, handed their knives and forks to the
+women, and they themselves eat with their fingers. The old tutor of
+Macdonald always eat fish with his fingers, alledging that a knife and
+fork gave it a bad taste. I took the liberty to observe to Dr. Johnson,
+that he did so. 'Yes, said he; but it is because I am short-sighted, and
+afraid of bones, for which reason I am not fond of eating many kinds of
+fish, because I must use my fingers.'
+
+Dr. M'Pherson's _Dissertations on Scottish Antiquities_, which he had
+looked at when at Corrichatachin[577], being mentioned, he remarked,
+that 'you might read half an hour, and ask yourself what you had been
+reading: there were so many words to so little matter, that there was no
+getting through the book.'
+
+As soon as we reached the shore, we took leave of Kingsburgh, and
+mounted our horses. We passed through a wild moor, in many places so
+soft that we were obliged to walk, which was very fatiguing to Dr.
+Johnson. Once he had advanced on horseback to a very bad step. There
+was a steep declivity on his left, to which he was so near, that there
+was not room for him to dismount in the usual way. He tried to alight on
+the other side, as if he had been a _young buck_ indeed, but in the
+attempt he fell at his length upon the ground; from which, however, he
+got up immediately without being hurt. During this dreary ride, we were
+sometimes relieved by a view of branches of the sea, that universal
+medium of connection amongst mankind. A guide, who had been sent with us
+from Kingsburgh, explored the way (much in the same manner as, I
+suppose, is pursued in the wilds of America,) by observing certain marks
+known only to the inhabitants. We arrived at Dunvegan late in the
+afternoon. The great size of the castle, which is partly old and partly
+new, and is built upon a rock close to the sea, while the land around it
+presents nothing but wild, moorish, hilly, and craggy appearances, gave
+a rude magnificence to the scene. Having dismounted, we ascended a
+flight of steps, which was made by the late Macleod, for the
+accommodation of persons coming to him by land, there formerly being,
+for security, no other access to the castle but from the sea; so that
+visitors who came by the land were under the necessity of getting into a
+boat, and sailed round to the only place where it could be approached.
+We were introduced into a stately dining-room, and received by Lady
+Macleod, mother of the laird, who, with his friend Talisker, having been
+detained on the road, did not arrive till some time after us.
+
+We found the lady of the house a very polite and sensible woman, who had
+lived for some time in London, and had there been in Dr. Johnson's
+company. After we had dined, we repaired to the drawing-room, where some
+of the young ladies of the family, with their mother, were at tea[578].
+This room had formerly been the bed-chamber of Sir Roderick Macleod, one
+of the old Lairds; and he chose it, because, behind it, there was a
+considerable cascade[579], the sound of which disposed him to sleep.
+Above his bed was this inscription: 'Sir Rorie M'Leod of Dunvegan,
+Knight. GOD send good rest!' Rorie is the contraction of Roderick. He
+was called Rorie _More_, that is, great Rorie, not from his size, but
+from his spirit. Our entertainment here was in so elegant a style, and
+reminded my fellow-traveller so much of England, that he became quite
+joyous. He laughed, and said, 'Boswell, we came in at the wrong end of
+this island.' 'Sir, (said I,) it was best to keep this for the last.' He
+answered, 'I would have it both first and last.'
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 14.
+
+Dr. Johnson said in the morning, 'Is not this a fine lady[580]?' There
+was not a word now of his 'impatience to be in civilized
+life[581];--though indeed I should beg pardon,--he found it here. We had
+slept well, and lain long. After breakfast we surveyed the castle, and
+the garden. Mr. Bethune, the parish minister,--Magnus M'Leod, of
+Claggan, brother to Talisker, and M'Leod of Bay, two substantial
+gentlemen of the clan, dined with us. We had admirable venison, generous
+wine; in a word, all that a good table has. This was really the hall of
+a chief. Lady M'Leod had been much obliged to my father, who had settled
+by arbitration a variety of perplexed claims between her and her
+relation, the Laird of Brodie, which she now repaid by particular
+attention to me. M'Leod started the subject of making women do penance
+in the church for fornication. JOHNSON. 'It is right, Sir. Infamy is
+attached to the crime, by universal opinion, as soon as it is known. I
+would not be the man who would discover it, if I alone knew it, for a
+woman may reform; nor would I commend a parson who divulges a woman's
+first offence; but being once divulged, it ought to be infamous.
+Consider, of what importance to society the chastity of women is. Upon
+that all the property in the world depends[582]. We hang a thief for
+stealing a sheep; but the unchastity of a woman transfers sheep, and
+farm and all, from the right owner. I have much more reverence for a
+common prostitute than for a woman who conceals her guilt. The
+prostitute is known. She cannot deceive: she cannot bring a strumpet
+into the arms of an honest man, without his knowledge. BOSWELL. 'There
+is, however, a great difference between the licentiousness of a single
+woman, and that of a married woman.' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; there is a
+great difference between stealing a shilling, and stealing a thousand
+pounds; between simply taking a man's purse, and murdering him first,
+and then taking it. But when one begins to be vicious, it is easy to go
+on. Where single women are licentious, you rarely find faithful married
+women.' BOSWELL. 'And yet we are told that in some nations in India, the
+distinction is strictly observed.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, don't give us India.
+That puts me in mind of Montesquieu, who is really a fellow of genius
+too in many respects; whenever he wants to support a strange opinion, he
+quotes you the practice of Japan or of some other distant country of
+which he knows nothing. To support polygamy, he tells you of the island
+of Formosa, where there are ten women born for one man[583]. He had but
+to suppose another island, where there are ten men born for one woman,
+and so make a marriage between them.[584]'  At supper, Lady Macleod
+mentioned Dr. Cadogan's book on the gout[585]. JOHNSON. 'It is a good
+book in general, but a foolish one in particulars. It is good in
+general, as recommending temperance and exercise, and cheerfulness. In
+that respect it is only Dr. Cheyne's book told in a new way; and there
+should come out such a book every thirty years, dressed in the mode of
+the times. It is foolish, in maintaining that the gout is not
+hereditary, and that one fit of it, when gone, is like a fever when
+gone.' Lady Macleod objected that the author does not practise what he
+teaches[586]. JOHNSON. 'I cannot help that, madam. That does not make
+his book the worse. People are influenced more by what a man says, if
+his practice is suitable to it,--because they are blockheads. The more
+intellectual people are, the readier will they attend to what a man
+tells them. If it is just, they will follow it, be his practice what it
+will. No man practises so well as he writes. I have, all my life long,
+been lying till noon[587]; yet I tell all young men, and tell them with
+great sincerity, that nobody who does not rise early will ever do any
+good. Only consider! You read a book; you are convinced by it; you do
+not know the authour. Suppose you afterwards know him, and find that he
+does not practise what he teaches; are you to give up your former
+conviction? At this rate you would be kept in a state of equilibrium,
+when reading every book, till you knew how the authour practised.[588]'
+'But,' said Lady M'Leod, 'you would think better of Dr. Cadogan, if he
+acted according to his principles.' JOHNSON. 'Why, Madam, to be sure, a
+man who acts in the face of light, is worse than a man who does not know
+so much; yet I think no man should be the worse thought of for
+publishing good principles. There is something noble in publishing
+truth, though it condemns one's self.[589]' I expressed some surprize at
+Cadogan's recommending good humour, as if it were quite in our own power
+to attain it. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, a man grows better humoured as he
+grows older. He improves by experience. When young, he thinks himself of
+great consequence, and every thing of importance. As he advances in
+life, he learns to think himself of no consequence, and little things of
+little importance; and so he becomes more patient, and better pleased.
+All good-humour and complaisance are acquired. Naturally a child seizes
+directly what it sees, and thinks of pleasing itself only. By degrees,
+it is taught to please others, and to prefer others; and that this will
+ultimately produce the greatest happiness. If a man is not convinced of
+that, he never will practise it. Common language speaks the truth as to
+this: we say, a person is well _bred_. As it is said, that all material
+motion is primarily in a right line, and is never _per circuitum_, never
+in another form, unless by some particular cause; so it may be said
+intellectual motion is.' Lady M'Leod asked, if no man was naturally
+good? JOHNSON. 'No, Madam, no more than a wolf.' BOSWELL. 'Nor no woman,
+Sir?' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir.[590]' Lady M'Leod started at this, saying, in a
+low voice, 'This is worse than Swift.'
+
+M'Leod of Ulinish had come in the afternoon. We were a jovial company at
+supper. The Laird, surrounded by so many of his clan, was to me a
+pleasing sight. They listened with wonder and pleasure, while Dr.
+Johnson harangued. I am vexed that I cannot take down his full strain of
+eloquence.
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 15.
+
+The gentlemen of the clan went away early in the morning to the harbour
+of Lochbradale, to take leave of some of their friends who were going to
+America. It was a very wet day. We looked at Rorie More's horn, which is
+a large cow's horn, with the mouth of it ornamented with silver
+curiously carved. It holds rather more than a bottle and a half. Every
+Laird of M'Leod, it is said, must, as a proof of his manhood, drink it
+off full of claret, without laying it down. From Rorie More many of the
+branches of the family are descended; in particular, the Talisker
+branch; so that his name is much talked of. We also saw his bow, which
+hardly any man now can bend, and his _Glaymore>_, which was wielded with
+both hands, and is of a prodigious size. We saw here some old pieces of
+iron armour, immensely heavy. The broadsword now used, though called the
+_Glaymore, (i.e._ the _great sword_) is much smaller than that used in
+Rorie More's time. There is hardly a target now to be found in the
+Highlands. After the disarming act[591], they made them serve as covers
+to their butter-milk barrels; a kind of change, like beating spears into
+pruning-hooks[592].
+
+Sir George Mackenzie's Works (the folio edition) happened to lie in a
+window in the dining room. I asked Dr. Johnson to look at the
+_Characteres Advocatorum_. He allowed him power of mind, and that he
+understood very well what he tells[593]; but said, that there was too
+much declamation, and that the Latin was not correct. He found fault
+with _appropinquabant_[594], in the character of Gilmour. I tried him
+with the opposition between _gloria_ and _palma_, in the comparison
+between Gilmour and Nisbet, which Lord Hailes, in his _Catalogue of the
+Lords of Session_, thinks difficult to be understood. The words are,
+_'penes illum gloria, penes hunc palma_[595].' In a short _Account of
+the Kirk of Scotland_, which I published some years ago, I applied these
+words to the two contending parties, and explained them thus: 'The
+popular party has most eloquence; Dr. Robertson's party most influence.'
+I was very desirous to hear Dr. Johnson's explication. JOHNSON. 'I see
+no difficulty. Gilmour was admired for his parts; Nisbet carried his
+cause by his skill in law. _Palma_ is victory.' I observed, that the
+character of Nicholson, in this book resembled that of Burke: for it is
+said, in one place, _'in omnes lusos & jocos se saepe resolvebat_[596];'
+and, in another, _'sed accipitris more e conspectu aliquando astantium
+sublimi se protrahens volatu, in praedam miro impetu descendebat[597]'._
+JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; I never heard Burke make a good joke in my
+life[598].' BOSWELL. 'But, Sir, you will allow he is a hawk.' Dr.
+Johnson, thinking that I meant this of his joking, said, 'No, Sir, he is
+not the hawk there. He is the beetle in the mire[599].' I still adhered
+to my metaphor,--'But he _soars_ as the hawk.' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; but
+he catches nothing.' M'Leod asked, what is the particular excellence of
+Burke's eloquence? JOHNSON. 'Copiousness and fertility of allusion; a
+power of diversifying his matter, by placing it in various relations.
+Burke has great information, and great command of language; though, in
+my opinion, it has not in every respect the highest elegance.' BOSWELL.
+'Do you think, Sir, that Burke has read Cicero much?' JOHNSON. 'I don't
+believe it, Sir. Burke has great knowledge, great fluency of words, and
+great promptness of ideas, so that he can speak with great illustration
+on any subject that comes before him. He is neither like Cicero, nor
+like Demosthenes[600], nor like any one else, but speaks as well as
+he can.'
+
+In the 65th page of the first volume of Sir George Mackenzie, Dr.
+Johnson pointed out a paragraph beginning with _Aristotle_, and told me
+there was an error in the text, which he bade me try to discover. I was
+lucky enough to hit it at once. As the passage is printed, it is said
+that the devil answers _even_ in _engines_. I corrected it to--_ever_ in
+_oenigmas_. 'Sir, (said he,) you are a good critick. This would have
+been a great thing to do in the text of an ancient authour.'
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 16.
+
+Last night much care was taken of Dr. Johnson, who was still distressed
+by his cold. He had hitherto most strangely slept without a night-cap.
+Miss M'Leod made him a large flannel one, and he was prevailed with to
+drink a little brandy when he was going to bed. He has great virtue in
+not drinking wine or any fermented liquor, because, as he acknowledged
+to us, he could not do it in moderation[601]. Lady M'Leod would hardly
+believe him, and said, 'I am sure, Sir, you would not carry it too far.'
+JOHNSON. 'Nay, madam, it carried me. I took the opportunity of a long
+illness to leave it off. It was then prescribed to me not to drink wine;
+and, having broken off the habit, I have never returned to it[602].'
+
+In the argument on Tuesday night, about natural goodness, Dr. Johnson
+denied that any child was better than another, but by difference of
+instruction; though, in consequence of greater attention being paid to
+instruction by one child than another, and of a variety of imperceptible
+causes, such as instruction being counteracted by servants, a notion was
+conceived, that of two children, equally well educated, one was
+naturally much worse than another. He owned, this morning, that one
+might have a greater aptitude to learn than another, and that we
+inherit dispositions from our parents[603]. 'I inherited, (said he,) a
+vile melancholy from my father, which has made me mad all my life, at
+least not sober[604].' Lady M'Leod wondered he should tell this. 'Madam,
+(said I,) he knows that with that madness he is superior to other men.'
+
+I have often been astonished with what exactness and perspicuity he will
+explain the process of any art. He this morning explained to us all the
+operation of coining, and, at night, all the operation of brewing, so
+very clearly, that Mr. M'Queen said, when he heard the first, he thought
+he had been bred in the Mint; when he heard the second, that he had been
+bred a brewer.
+
+I was elated by the thought of having been able to entice such a man to
+this remote part of the world. A ludicrous, yet just image presented
+itself to my mind, which I expressed to the company. I compared myself
+to a dog who has got hold of a large piece of meat, and runs away with
+it to a corner, where he may devour it in peace, without any fear of
+others taking it from him. 'In London, Reynolds, Beauclerk, and all of
+them, are contending who shall enjoy Dr. Johnson's conversation. We are
+feasting upon it, undisturbed, at Dunvegan.'
+
+It was still a storm of wind and rain. Dr. Johnson however walked out
+with M'Leod, and saw Rorie More's cascade in full perfection. Colonel
+M'Leod, instead of being all life and gaiety, as I have seen him, was at
+present grave, and somewhat depressed by his anxious concern about
+M'Leod's affairs, and by finding some gentlemen of the clan by no means
+disposed to act a generous or affectionate part to their Chief in his
+distress, but bargaining with him as with a stranger. However, he was
+agreeable and polite, and Dr. Johnson said, he was a very pleasing man.
+My fellow-traveller and I talked of going to Sweden[605]; and, while we
+were settling our plan, I expressed a pleasure in the prospect of seeing
+the king. JOHNSON. 'I doubt, Sir, if he would speak to us.' Colonel
+M'Leod said, 'I am sure Mr. Boswell would speak to _him_.' But, seeing
+me a little disconcerted by his remark, he politely added, 'and with
+great propriety.' Here let me offer a short defence of that propensity
+in my disposition, to which this gentleman alluded. It has procured me
+much happiness. I hope it does not deserve so hard a name as either
+forwardness or impudence. If I know myself, it is nothing more than an
+eagerness to share the society of men distinguished either by their rank
+or their talents, and a diligence to attain what I desire[606]. If a man
+is praised for seeking knowledge, though mountains and seas are in his
+way, may he not be pardoned, whose ardour, in the pursuit of the same
+object, leads him to encounter difficulties as great, though of a
+different kind?
+
+After the ladies were gone from table, we talked of the Highlanders not
+having sheets; and this led us to consider the advantage of wearing
+linen. JOHNSON. 'All animal substances are less cleanly than vegetable.
+Wool, of which flannel is made, is an animal substance; flannel
+therefore is not so cleanly as linen. I remember I used to think tar
+dirty; but when I knew it to be only a preparation of the juice of the
+pine, I thought so no longer. It is not disagreeable to have the gum
+that oozes from a plum-tree upon your fingers, because it is vegetable;
+but if you have any candle-grease, any tallow upon your fingers, you are
+uneasy till you rub it off. I have often thought, that if I kept a
+seraglio, the ladies should all wear linen gowns,--or cotton; I mean
+stuffs made of vegetable substances. I would have no silk; you cannot
+tell when it is clean: It will be very nasty before it is perceived to
+be so. Linen detects its own dirtiness.'
+
+To hear the grave Dr. Samuel Johnson, 'that majestick teacher of moral
+and religious wisdom,' while sitting solemn in an armchair in the Isle
+of Sky, talk, _ex cathedra_, of his keeping a seraglio[607], and
+acknowledge that the supposition had _often_ been in his thoughts,
+struck me so forcibly with ludicrous contrast, that I could not but
+laugh immoderately. He was too proud to submit, even for a moment, to be
+the object of ridicule, and instantly retaliated with such keen
+sarcastick wit, and such a variety of degrading images, of every one of
+which I was the object, that, though I can bear such attacks as well as
+most men, I yet found myself so much the sport of all the company, that
+I would gladly expunge from my mind every trace of this severe retort.
+
+Talking of our friend Langton's house in Lincolnshire, he said, 'the old
+house of the family was burnt. A temporary building was erected in its
+room; and to this day they have been always adding as the family
+increased. It is like a shirt made for a man when he was a child, and
+enlarged always as he grows older.'
+
+We talked to-night of Luther's allowing the Landgrave of Hesse two
+wives, and that it was with the consent of the wife to whom he was first
+married. JOHNSON. 'There was no harm in this, so far as she was only
+concerned, because _volenti non fit injuria_. But it was an offence
+against the general order of society, and against the law of the Gospel,
+by which one man and one woman are to be united. No man can have two
+wives, but by preventing somebody else from having one.'
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 17.
+
+After dinner yesterday, we had a conversation upon cunning. M'Leod said
+that he was not afraid of cunning people; but would let them play their
+tricks about him like monkeys. 'But, (said I,) they'll scratch;' and Mr.
+M'Queen added, 'they'll invent new tricks, as soon as you find out what
+they do.' JOHNSON. 'Cunning has effect from the credulity of others,
+rather than from the abilities of those who are cunning. It requires no
+extraordinary talents to lie and deceive[608].' This led us to consider
+whether it did not require great abilities to be very wicked. JOHNSON.
+'It requires great abilities to have the _power_ of being very wicked;
+but not to _be_ very wicked. A man who has the power, which great
+abilities procure him, may use it well or ill; and it requires more
+abilities to use it well, than to use it ill. Wickedness is always
+easier than virtue; for it takes the short cut to every thing. It is
+much easier to steal a hundred pounds, than to get it by labour, or any
+other way. Consider only what act of wickedness requires great abilities
+to commit it, when once the person who is to do it has the power; for
+_there_ is the distinction. It requires great abilities to conquer an
+army, but none to massacre it after it is conquered.'
+
+The weather this day was rather better than any that we had since we
+came to Dunvegan. Mr. M'Queen had often mentioned a curious piece of
+antiquity near this, which he called a temple of the Goddess ANAITIS.
+Having often talked of going to see it, he and I set out after
+breakfast, attended by his servant, a fellow quite like a savage. I must
+observe here, that in Sky there seems to be much idleness; for men and
+boys follow you, as colts follow passengers upon a road. The usual
+figure of a Sky-boy, is a _lown_ with bare legs and feet, a dirty
+_kilt_, ragged coat and waistcoat, a bare head, and a stick in his hand,
+which, I suppose, is partly to help the lazy rogue to walk, partly to
+serve as a kind of a defensive weapon. We walked what is called two
+miles, but is probably four, from the castle, till we came to the sacred
+place. The country around is a black dreary moor on all sides, except to
+the sea-coast, towards which there is a view through a valley; and the
+farm of _Bay_ shews some good land. The place itself is green ground,
+being well drained by means of a deep glen on each side, in both of
+which there runs a rivulet with a good quantity of water, forming
+several cascades, which make a considerable appearance and sound. The
+first thing we came to was an earthen mound, or dyke, extending from the
+one precipice to the other. A little farther on was a strong stone-wall,
+not high, but very thick, extending in the same manner. On the outside
+of it were the ruins of two houses, one on each side of the entry or
+gate to it. The wall is built all along of uncemented stones, but of so
+large a size as to make a very firm and durable rampart. It has been
+built all about the consecrated ground, except where the precipice is
+steep enough to form an inclosure of itself. The sacred spot contains
+more than two acres. There are within it the ruins of many houses, none
+of them large,--a _cairn_,--and many graves marked by clusters of
+stones. Mr. M'Queen insisted that the ruin of a small building, standing
+east and west, was actually the temple of the Goddess ANAITIS, where her
+statue was kept, and from whence processions were made to wash it in one
+of the brooks. There is, it must be owned, a hollow road, visible for a
+good way from the entrance; but Mr. M'Queen, with the keen eye of an
+antiquary, traced it much farther than I could perceive it. There is not
+above a foot and a half in height of the walls now remaining; and the
+whole extent of the building was never, I imagine, greater than an
+ordinary Highland house. Mr. M'Queen has collected a great deal of
+learning on the subject of the temple of ANAITIS; and I had endeavoured,
+in my _Journal_, to state such particulars as might give some idea of
+it, and of the surrounding scenery; but from the great difficulty of
+describing visible objects[609], I found my account so unsatisfactory,
+that my readers would probably have exclaimed
+
+     'And write about it, _Goddess_, and about it[610];'
+
+and therefore I have omitted it.
+
+When we got home, and were again at table with Dr. Johnson, we first
+talked of portraits. He agreed in thinking them valuable in families. I
+wished to know which he preferred, fine portraits, or those of which the
+merit was resemblance. JOHNSON. 'Sir, their chief excellence is being
+like.' BOSWELL. 'Are you of that opinion as to the portraits of
+ancestors, whom one has never seen?' JOHNSON. 'It then becomes of more
+consequence that they should be like; and I would have them in the dress
+of the times, which makes a piece of history. One should like to see how
+_Rorie More_ looked. Truth, Sir, is of the greatest value in these
+things[611].' Mr. M'Queen observed, that if you think it of no
+consequence whether portraits are like, if they are but well painted,
+you may be indifferent whether a piece of history is true or not, if
+well told.
+
+Dr. Johnson said at breakfast to-day, 'that it was but of late that
+historians bestowed pains and attention in consulting records, to attain
+to accuracy[1]. Bacon, in writing his history of Henry VII, does not
+seem to have consulted any, but to have just taken what he found in
+other histories, and blended it with what he learnt by tradition.' He
+agreed with me that there should be a chronicle kept in every
+considerable family, to preserve the characters and transactions of
+successive generations.
+
+After dinner I started the subject of the temple of ANAITIS. Mr. M'Queen
+had laid stress on the name given to the place by the country
+people,--_Ainnit_; and added, 'I knew not what to make of this piece of
+antiquity, till I met with the _Anaitidis delubrum_ in Lydia, mentioned
+by Pausanias and the elder Pliny.' Dr. Johnson, with his usual
+acuteness, examined Mr. M'Queen as to the meaning of the word _Ainnit_,
+in Erse; and it proved to be a _water-place_, or a place near water,
+'which,' said Mr. M'Queen, 'agrees with all the descriptions of the
+temples of that goddess, which were situated near rivers, that there
+might be water to wash the statue.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir, the argument
+from the name is gone. The name is exhausted by what we see. We have no
+occasion to go to a distance for what we can pick up under our feet. Had
+it been an accidental name, the similarity between it and Anaitis might
+have had something in it; but it turns out to be a mere physiological
+name.' Macleod said, Mr. M'Queen's knowledge of etymology had destroyed
+his conjecture. JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; Mr. M'Queen is like the eagle
+mentioned by Waller, who was shot with an arrow feather'd from his own
+wing[612].' Mr. M'Queen would not, however, give up his conjecture.
+JOHNSON. 'You have one possibility for you, and all possibilities
+against you. It is possible it may be the temple of Anaitis. But it is
+also possible that it may be a fortification; or it may be a place of
+Christian worship, as the first Christians often chose remote and wild
+places, to make an impression on the mind; or, if it was a heathen
+temple, it may have been built near a river, for the purpose of
+lustration; and there is such a multitude of divinities, to whom it may
+have been dedicated, that the chance of its being a temple of _Anaitis_
+is hardly any thing. It is like throwing a grain of sand upon the
+sea-shore to-day, and thinking you may find it to-morrow. No, Sir, this
+temple, like many an ill-built edifice, tumbles down before it is roofed
+in.' In his triumph over the reverend antiquarian, he indulged himself
+in a _conceit_; for, some vestige of the _altar_ of the goddess being
+much insisted on in support of the hypothesis, he said, 'Mr. M'Queen is
+fighting _pro_ aris _et focis'_.
+
+It was wonderful how well time passed in a remote castle, and in dreary
+weather. After supper, we talked of Pennant. It was objected that he was
+superficial. Dr. Johnson defended him warmly[613]. He said, 'Pennant has
+greater variety of enquiry than almost any man, and has told us more
+than perhaps one in ten thousand could have done, in the time that he
+took. He has not said what he was to tell; so you cannot find fault with
+him, for what he has not told. If a man comes to look for fishes, you
+cannot blame him if he does not attend to fowls.' 'But,' said Colonel
+M'Leod, 'he mentions the unreasonable rise of rents in the Highlands,
+and says, "the gentlemen are for emptying the bag, without filling
+it[614];" for that is the phrase he uses. Why does he not tell how to
+fill it?' JOHNSON. 'Sir, there is no end of negative criticism. He tells
+what he observes, and as much as he chooses. If he tells what is not
+true, you may find fault with him; but, though he tells that the land is
+not well cultivated, he is not obliged to tell how it may be well
+cultivated. If I tell that many of the Highlanders go bare-footed, I am
+not obliged to tell how they may get shoes. Pennant tells a fact. He
+need go no farther, except he pleases. He exhausts nothing; and no
+subject whatever has yet been exhausted. But Pennant has surely told a
+great deal. Here is a man six feet high, and you are angry because he is
+not seven.' Notwithstanding this eloquent _Oratio pro Pennantio_, which
+they who have read this gentleman's _Tours_, and recollect the _Savage_
+and the _Shopkeeper_ at _Monboddo_[615], will probably impute to the
+spirit of contradiction, I still think that he had better have given
+more attention to fewer things, than have thrown together such a number
+of imperfect accounts.
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 18.
+
+Before breakfast, Dr. Johnson came up to my room to forbid me to mention
+that this was his birthday; but I told him I had done it already; at
+which he was displeased[616]; I suppose from wishing to have nothing
+particular done on his account. Lady M'Leod and I got into a warm
+dispute. She wanted to build a house upon a farm which she has taken,
+about five miles from the castle, and to make gardens and other
+ornaments there; all of which I approved of; but insisted that the seat
+of the family should always be upon the rock of Dunvegan. JOHNSON. 'Ay,
+in time we'll build all round this rock. You may make a very good house
+at the farm; but it must not be such as to tempt the Laird of M'Leod to
+go thither to reside. Most of the great families in England have a
+secondary residence, which is called a jointure-house: let the new house
+be of that kind.' The lady insisted that the rock was very inconvenient;
+that there was no place near it where a good garden could be made; that
+it must always be a rude place; that it was a _Herculean_ labour to make
+a dinner here. I was vexed to find the alloy of modern refinement in a
+lady who had so much old family spirit. 'Madam, (said I,) if once you
+quit this rock, there is no knowing where you may settle. You move five
+miles first;--then to St. Andrews, as the late Laird did;--then to
+Edinburgh;--and so on till you end at Hampstead, or in France. No, no;
+keep to the rock: it is the very jewel of the estate. It looks as if it
+had been let down from heaven by the four corners, to be the residence
+of a Chief. Have all the comforts and conveniences of life upon it, but
+never leave Rorie More's cascade.' 'But, (said she,) is it not enough if
+we keep it? Must we never have more convenience than Rorie More had? he
+had his beef brought to dinner in one basket, and his bread in another.
+Why not as well be Rorie More all over, as live upon his rock? And
+should not we tire, in looking perpetually on this rock? It is very well
+for you, who have a fine place, and every thing easy, to talk thus, and
+think of chaining honest folks to a rock. You would not live upon it
+yourself.' 'Yes, Madam, (said I,) I would live upon it, were I Laird of
+M'Leod, and should be unhappy if I were not upon it.' JOHNSON. (with a
+strong voice, and most determined manner), 'Madam, rather than quit the
+old rock, Boswell would live in the pit; he would make his bed in the
+dungeon.' I felt a degree of elation, at finding my resolute feudal
+enthusiasm thus confirmed by such a sanction. The lady was puzzled a
+little. She still returned to her pretty farm,--rich ground,--fine
+garden. 'Madam, (said Dr. Johnson,) were they in Asia, I would not leave
+the rock.' My opinion on this subject is still the same. An ancient
+family residence ought to be a primary object; and though the situation
+of Dunvegan be such that little can be done here in gardening, or
+pleasure-ground, yet, in addition to the veneration required by the
+lapse of time, it has many circumstances of natural grandeur, suited to
+the seat of a Highland Chief: it has the sea--islands--rocks,--hills,
+--a noble cascade; and when the family is again in opulence, something
+may be done by art.  Mr. Donald M'Queen went away to-day, in order to
+preach at Bracadale next day. We were so comfortably situated at
+Dunvegan, that Dr. Johnson could hardly be moved from it. I proposed to
+him that we should leave it on Monday. 'No, Sir, (said he,) I will not
+go before Wednesday. I will have some more of this good[617].' However,
+as the weather was at this season so bad, and so very uncertain, and we
+had a great deal to do yet, Mr. M'Queen and I prevailed with him to
+agree to set out on Monday, if the day should be good. Mr. M'Queen,
+though it was inconvenient for him to be absent from his harvest,
+engaged to wait on Monday at Ulinish for us. When he was going away, Dr.
+Johnson said, 'I shall ever retain a great regard for you[618];' then
+asked him if he had _The Rambler_. Mr. M'Queen said, 'No; but my brother
+has it.' JOHNSON. 'Have you _The Idler_? M'QUEEN. 'No, Sir.' JOHNSON.
+'Then I will order one for you at Edinburgh, which you will keep in
+remembrance of me.' Mr. M'Queen was much pleased with this. He expressed
+to me, in the strongest terms, his admiration of Dr. Johnson's wonderful
+knowledge, and every other quality for which he is distinguished. I
+asked Mr. M'Queen, if he was satisfied with being a minister in Sky. He
+said he was; but he owned that his forefathers having been so long
+there, and his having been born there, made a chief ingredient in
+forming his contentment. I should have mentioned that on our left hand,
+between Portree and Dr. Macleod's house, Mr. M'Queen told me there had
+been a college of the Knights Templars; that tradition said so; and that
+there was a ruin remaining of their church, which had been burnt: but I
+confess Dr. Johnson has weakened my belief in remote tradition. In the
+dispute about _Anaitis_, Mr. M'Queen said, Asia Minor was peopled by
+Scythians, and, as they were the ancestors of the Celts, the same
+religion might be in Asia Minor and Sky. JOHNSON. 'Alas! Sir, what can a
+nation that has not letters tell of its original. I have always
+difficulty to be patient when I hear authours gravely quoted, as giving
+accounts of savage nations, which accounts they had from the savages
+themselves. What can the _M'Craas_[619] tell about themselves a thousand
+years ago? There is no tracing the connection of ancient nations, but by
+language; and therefore I am always sorry when any language is lost,
+because languages are the pedigree of nations[620]. If you find the same
+language in distant countries, you may be sure that the inhabitants of
+each have been the same people; that is to say, if you find the
+languages a good deal the same; for a word here and there being the
+same, will not do. Thus Butler, in his _Hudibras_, remembering that
+_Penguin_, in the Straits of Magellan, signifies a bird with a white
+head, and that the same word has, in Wales, the signification of a
+white-headed wench, (_pen_ head, and _guin_ white,) by way of ridicule,
+concludes that the people of those Straits are Welsh[621].'
+
+A young gentleman of the name of M'Lean, nephew to the Laird of the isle
+of Muck, came this morning; and, just as we sat down to dinner, came the
+Laird of the isle, of Muck himself, his lady, sister to Talisker, two
+other ladies their relations, and a daughter of the late M'Leod of
+Hamer, who wrote a treatise on the second sight, under the designation
+of THEOPHILUS INSULANUS[622]. It was somewhat droll to hear this Laird
+called by his title. _Muck_ would have sounded ill; so he was called
+_Isle of Muck_, which went off with great readiness. The name, as now
+written, is unseemly, but it is not so bad in the original Erse, which
+is _Mouach_, signifying the Sows' Island. Buchanan calls it INSULA
+PORCORUM. It is so called from its form. Some call it Isle of _Monk_.
+The Laird insists that this is the proper name. It was formerly
+church-land belonging to Icolmkill, and a hermit lived in it. It is two
+miles long, and about three quarters of a mile broad. The Laird said, he
+had seven score of souls upon it. Last year he had eighty persons
+inoculated, mostly children, but some of them eighteen years of age. He
+agreed with the surgeon to come and do it, at half a crown a head. It is
+very fertile in corn, of which they export some; and its coasts abound
+in fish. A taylor comes there six times in a year. They get a good
+blacksmith from the isle of Egg.
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 19.
+
+It was rather worse weather than any that we had yet. At breakfast Dr.
+Johnson said, 'Some cunning men choose fools for their wives, thinking
+to manage them, but they always fail. There is a spaniel fool and a mule
+fool. The spaniel fool may be made to do by beating. The mule fool will
+neither do by words or blows; and the spaniel fool often turns mule at
+last: and suppose a fool to be made do pretty well, you must have the
+continual trouble of making her do. Depend upon it, no woman is the
+worse for sense and knowledge.[623]' Whether afterwards he meant merely
+to say a polite thing, or to give his opinion, I could not be sure; but
+he added, 'Men know that women are an over-match for them, and therefore
+they choose the weakest or most ignorant. If they did not think so, they
+never could be afraid of women knowing as much as themselves.'[624] In
+justice to the sex, I think it but candid to acknowledge, that, in a
+subsequent conversation, he told me that he was serious in what he
+had said.
+
+He came to my room this morning before breakfast, to read my Journal,
+which he has done all along. He often before said, 'I take great delight
+in reading it.' To-day he said, 'You improve: it grows better and
+better.' I observed, there was a danger of my getting a habit of writing
+in a slovenly manner. 'Sir,' said he, 'it is not written in a slovenly
+manner. It might be printed, were the subject fit for printing[625].'
+While Mr. Beaton preached to us in the dining-room, Dr. Johnson sat in
+his own room, where I saw lying before him a volume of Lord Bacon's
+works, _The Decay of Christian Piety_, Monboddo's _Origin of Language_,
+and Sterne's _Sermons_[626]. He asked me to-day how it happened that we
+were so little together: I told him, my Journal took up much time. Yet,
+on reflection, it appeared strange to me, that although I will run from
+one end of London to another to pass an hour with him, I should omit to
+seize any spare time to be in his company, when I am settled in the same
+house with him. But my Journal is really a task of much time and labour,
+and he forbids me to contract it.
+
+I omitted to mention, in its place, that Dr. Johnson told Mr. M'Queen
+that he had found the belief of the second sight universal in Sky,
+except among the clergy, who seemed determined against it. I took the
+liberty to observe to Mr. M'Queen, that the clergy were actuated by a
+kind of vanity. 'The world, (say they,) takes us to be credulous men in
+a remote corner. We'll shew them that we are more enlightened than they
+think.' The worthy man said, that his disbelief of it was from his not
+finding sufficient evidence; but I could perceive that he was prejudiced
+against it[627].
+
+After dinner to-day, we talked of the extraordinary fact of Lady
+Grange's being sent to St. Kilda, and confined there for several years,
+without any means of relief[628]. Dr. Johnson said, if M'Leod would let
+it be known that he had such a place for naughty ladies, he might make
+it a very profitable island. We had, in the course of our tour, heard of
+St. Kilda poetry. Dr. Johnson observed, 'it must be very poor, because
+they have very few images.' BOSWELL. 'There may be a poetical genius
+shewn in combining these, and in making poetry of them.' JOHNSON. 'Sir,
+a man cannot make fire but in proportion as he has fuel. He cannot coin
+guineas but in proportion as he has gold.' At tea he talked of his
+intending to go to Italy in 1775. M'Leod said, he would like Paris
+better. JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; there are none of the French literati now
+alive, to visit whom I would cross a sea. I can find in Buffon's book
+all that he can say[629].'
+
+After supper he said, 'I am sorry that prize-fighting is gone out[630];
+every art should be preserved, and the art of defence is surely
+important. It is absurd that our soldiers should have swords, and not be
+taught the use of them. Prize-fighting made people accustomed not to be
+alarmed at seeing their own blood, or feeling a little pain from a
+wound. I think the heavy _glaymore_ was an ill-contrived weapon. A man
+could only strike once with it. It employed both his hands, and he must
+of course be soon fatigued with wielding it; so that if his antagonist
+could only keep playing a while, he was sure of him. I would fight with
+a dirk against Rorie More's sword. I could ward off a blow with a dirk,
+and then run in upon my enemy. When within that heavy sword, I have him;
+he is quite helpless, and I could stab him at my leisure, like a calf.
+It is thought by sensible military men, that the English do not enough
+avail themselves of their superior strength of body against the French;
+for that must always have a great advantage in pushing with bayonets. I
+have heard an officer say, that if women could be made to stand, they
+would do as well as men in a mere interchange of bullets from a
+distance: but, if a body of men should come close up to them, then to be
+sure they must be overcome; now, (said he,) in the same manner the
+weaker-bodied French must be overcome by our strong soldiers.'
+
+The subject of duelling was introduced[631] JOHNSON. 'There is no case
+in England where one or other of the combatants _must_ die: if you have
+overcome your adversary by disarming him, that is sufficient, though you
+should not kill him; your honour, or the honour of your family, is
+restored, as much as it can be by a duel. It is cowardly to force your
+antagonist to renew the combat, when you know that you have the
+advantage of him by superior skill. You might just as well go and cut
+his throat while he is asleep in his bed. When a duel begins, it is
+supposed there may be an equality; because it is not always skill that
+prevails. It depends much on presence of mind; nay on accidents. The
+wind may be in a man's face. He may fall. Many such things may decide
+the superiority. A man is sufficiently punished, by being called out,
+and subjected to the risk that is in a duel.' But on my suggesting that
+the injured person is equally subjected to risk, he fairly owned he
+could not explain the rationality of duelling.
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 20.
+
+When I awaked, the storm was higher still. It abated about nine, and the
+sun shone; but it rained again very soon, and it was not a day for
+travelling. At breakfast, Dr. Johnson told us, 'there was once a pretty
+good tavern in Catherine-street in the Strand, where very good company
+met in an evening, and each man called for his own half-pint of wine, or
+gill, if he pleased; they were frugal men, and nobody paid but for what
+he himself drank. The house furnished no supper; but a woman attended
+with mutton-pies, which any body might purchase. I was introduced to
+this company by Cumming the Quaker[632], and used to go there sometimes
+when I drank wine. In the last age, when my mother lived in London,
+there were two sets of people, those who gave the wall, and those who
+took it; the peaceable and the quarrelsome. When I returned to
+Lichfield, after having been in London, my mother asked me whether I was
+one of those who gave the wall, or those who took it. Now, it is fixed
+that every man keeps to the right; or, if one is taking the wall,
+another yields it, and it is never a dispute[633].' He was very severe
+on a lady, whose name was mentioned. He said, he would have sent her to
+St. Kilda. That she was as bad as negative badness could be, and stood
+in the way of what was good: that insipid beauty would not go a great
+way; and that such a woman might be cut out of a cabbage, if there was a
+skilful artificer.
+
+M'Leod was too late in coming to breakfast. Dr. Johnson said, laziness
+was worse than the tooth-ach. BOSWELL. 'I cannot agree with you, Sir; a
+bason of cold water or a horse whip will cure laziness.' JOHNSON. 'No,
+Sir, it will only put off the fit; it will not cure the disease. I have
+been trying to cure my laziness all my life, and could not do it.'
+BOSWELL. 'But if a man does in a shorter time what might be the labour
+of a life, there is nothing to be said against him.' JOHNSON (perceiving
+at once that I alluded to him and his _Dictionary_). 'Suppose that
+flattery to be true, the consequence would be, that the world would have
+no right to censure a man; but that will not justify him to
+himself[634].'
+
+After breakfast, he said to me, 'A Highland Chief should now endeavour
+to do every thing to raise his rents, by means of the industry of his
+people. Formerly, it was right for him to have his house full of idle
+fellows; they were his defenders, his servants, his dependants, his
+friends. Now they may be better employed. The system of things is now so
+much altered, that the family cannot have influence but by riches,
+because it has no longer the power of ancient feudal times. An
+individual of a family may have it; but it cannot now belong to a
+family, unless you could have a perpetuity of men with the same views.
+M'Leod has four times the land that the Duke of Bedford has. I think,
+with his spirit, he may in time make himself the greatest man in the
+King's dominions; for land may always be improved to a certain degree. I
+would never have any man sell land, to throw money into the funds, as is
+often done, or to try any other species of trade. Depend upon it, this
+rage of trade will destroy itself. You and I shall not see it; but the
+time will come when there will be an end of it. Trade is like gaming. If
+a whole company are gamesters, play must cease; for there is nothing to
+be won. When all nations are traders, there is nothing to be gained by
+trade[635], and it will stop first where it is brought to the greatest
+perfection. Then the proprietors of land only will be the great men.' I
+observed, it was hard that M'Leod should find ingratitude in so many of
+his people. JOHNSON. 'Sir, gratitude is a fruit of great cultivation;
+you do not find it among gross people.' I doubt of this. Nature seems to
+have implanted gratitude in all living creatures[636]. The lion,
+mentioned by Aulus Gellius, had it[637]. It appears to me that culture,
+which brings luxury and selfishness with it, has a tendency rather to
+weaken than promote this affection.
+
+Dr. Johnson said this morning, when talking of our setting out, that he
+was in the state in which Lord Bacon represents kings. He desired the
+end, but did not like the means[638]. He wished much to get home, but
+was unwilling to travel in Sky. 'You are like kings too in this, Sir,
+(said I,) that you must act under the direction of others.'
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 21.
+
+The uncertainty of our present situation having prevented me from
+receiving any letters from home for some time, I could not help being
+uneasy. Dr. Johnson had an advantage over me, in this respect, he having
+no wife or child to occasion anxious apprehensions in his mind[639]. It
+was a good morning; so we resolved to set out. But, before quitting this
+castle, where we have been so well entertained, let me give a short
+description of it.
+
+Along the edge of the rock, there are the remains of a wall, which is
+now covered with ivy. A square court is formed by buildings of different
+ages, particularly some towers, said to be of great antiquity; and at
+one place there is a row of false cannon of stone[640]. There is a very
+large unfinished pile, four stories high, which we were told was here
+when _Leod_, the first of this family, came from the Isle of Man,
+married the heiress of the M'Crails, the ancient possessors of Dunvegan,
+and afterwards acquired by conquest as much land as he had got by
+marriage. He surpassed the house of Austria; for he was _felix_ both
+_bella gerere_ et _nubere_[641]. John _Breck_ M'Leod, the grandfather of
+the late laird, began to repair the castle, or rather to complete it:
+but he did not live to finish his undertaking[642]. Not doubting,
+however, that he should do it, he, like those who have had their
+epitaphs written before they died, ordered the following inscription,
+composed by the minister of the parish, to be cut upon a broad stone
+above one of the lower windows, where it still remains to celebrate what
+was not done, and to serve as a memento of the uncertainty of life, and
+the presumption of man:--
+
+'Joannes Macleod Beganoduni Dominus gentis suae Philarchus[643],
+Durinesiae Haraiae Vaternesiae, &c.: Baro D. Florae Macdonald
+matrimoniali vinculo conjugatus turrem hanc Beganodunensem proavorum
+habitaculum longe vetustissimum diu penitus labefectatam Anno aerae
+vulgaris MDCLXXXVI. instauravit.
+
+     'Quem stabilire juvat proavorum tecta vetusta,
+      Omne scelus fugiat, justitiamque colat.
+      Vertit in aerias turres magalia virtus,
+      Inque casas humiles tecta superba nefas.'
+
+M'Leod and Talisker accompanied us. We passed by the parish church of
+_Durinish_. The church-yard is not inclosed, but a pretty murmuring
+brook runs along one side of it. In it is a pyramid erected to the
+memory of Thomas Lord Lovat, by his son Lord Simon, who suffered on
+Tower-hill[644]. It is of free-stone, and, I suppose, about thirty feet
+high. There is an inscription on a piece of white marble inserted in it,
+which I suspect to have been the composition of Lord Lovat himself,
+being much in his pompous style:--
+
+'This pyramid was erected by SIMON LORD FRASER of LOVAT, in honour of
+Lord THOMAS his Father, a Peer of Scotland, and Chief of the great and
+ancient Clan of the FRASERS. Being attacked for his birthright by the
+family of ATHOLL, then in power and favour with KING WILLIAM, yet, by
+the valour and fidelity of his clan, and the assistance of the
+CAMPBELLS, the old friends and allies of his family, he defended his
+birthright with such greatness and fermety of soul, and such valour and
+activity, that he was an honour to his name, and a good pattern to all
+brave Chiefs of clans. He died in the month of May, 1699, in the 63rd
+year of his age, in Dunvegan, the house of the LAIRD of MAC LEOD, whose
+sister he had married: by whom he had the above SIMON LORD FRASER, and
+several other children. And, for the great love he bore to the family of
+MAC LEOD, he desired to be buried near his wife's relations, in the
+place where two of her uncles lay. And his son LORD SIMON, to shew to
+posterity his great affection for his mother's kindred, the brave MAC
+LEODS, chooses rather to leave his father's bones with them, than carry
+them to his own burial-place, near Lovat.'
+
+I have preserved this inscription[645], though of no great value,
+thinking it characteristical of a man who has made some noise in the
+world. Dr. Johnson said, it was poor stuff, such as Lord Lovat's butler
+might have written.
+
+I observed, in this church-yard, a parcel of people assembled at a
+funeral, before the grave was dug. The coffin, with the corpse in it,
+was placed on the ground, while the people alternately assisted in
+making a grave. One man, at a little distance, was busy cutting a long
+turf for it, with the crooked spade which is used in Sky; a very aukward
+instrument. The iron part of it is like a plough-coulter. It has a rude
+tree for a handle, in which a wooden pin is placed for the foot to press
+upon. A traveller might, without further enquiry, have set this down as
+the mode of burying in Sky. I was told, however, that the usual way is
+to have a grave previously dug.
+
+I observed to-day, that the common way of carrying home their grain here
+is in loads on horseback. They have also a few sleds, or _cars_, as we
+call them in Ayrshire, clumsily made, and rarely used[646].
+
+We got to Ulinish about six o'clock, and found a very good farm-house,
+of two stories. Mr. M'Leod of Ulinish, the sheriff-substitute of the
+island, was a plain honest gentleman, a good deal like an English
+Justice of peace; not much given to talk, but sufficiently sagacious,
+and somewhat droll. His daughter, though she was never out of Sky, was a
+very well-bred woman. Our reverend friend, Mr. Donald M'Queen, kept his
+appointment, and met us here.
+
+Talking of Phipps's voyage to the North Pole, Dr. Johnson observed, that
+it 'was conjectured that our former navigators have kept too near land,
+and so have found the sea frozen far north, because the land hinders the
+free motion of the tide; but, in the wide ocean, where the waves tumble
+at their full convenience, it is imagined that the frost does not take
+effect.'[647]
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 22.
+
+In the morning I walked out, and saw a ship, the Margaret of Clyde, pass
+by with a number of emigrants on board. It was a melancholy sight. After
+breakfast, we went to see what was called a subterraneous house, about a
+mile off. It was upon the side of a rising ground. It was discovered by
+a fox's having taken up his abode in it, and in chasing him, they dug
+into it. It was very narrow and low, and seemed about forty feet in
+length. Near it, we found the foundations of several small huts, built
+of stone. Mr. M'Queen, who is always for making every thing as ancient
+as possible, boasted that it was the dwelling of some of the first
+inhabitants of the island, and observed, what a curiosity it was to find
+here a specimen of the houses of the _Aborigines_, which he believed
+could be found no where else; and it was plain that they lived without
+fire. Dr. Johnson remarked, that they who made this were not in the
+rudest state; for that it was more difficult to make _it_ than to build
+a house; therefore certainly those who made it were in possession of
+houses, and had this only as a hiding-place. It appeared to me, that the
+vestiges of houses, just by it, confirmed Dr. Johnson's opinion.
+
+From an old tower, near this place, is an extensive view of
+Loch-Braccadil, and, at a distance, of the isles of Barra and South
+Uist; and on the land-side, the _Cuillin_, a prodigious range of
+mountains, capped with rocky pinnacles in a strange variety of shapes.
+They resemble the mountains near Corte in Corsica, of which there is a
+very good print. They make part of a great range for deer, which, though
+entirely devoid of trees, is in these countries called a _forest_.
+
+In the afternoon, Ulinish carried us in his boat to an island possessed
+by him, where we saw an immense cave, much more deserving the title of
+_antrum immane_[648] than that of the Sybil described by Virgil, which I
+likewise have visited. It is one hundred and eighty feet long, about
+thirty feet broad, and at least thirty feet high. This cave, we were
+told, had a remarkable echo; but we found none[649]. They said it was
+owing to the great rains having made it damp. Such are the excuses by
+which the exaggeration of Highland narratives is palliated. There is a
+plentiful garden at Ulinish, (a great rarity in Sky,) and several trees;
+and near the house is a hill, which has an Erse name, signifying, _'the
+hill of strife'_, where, Mr. M'Queen informed us, justice was of old
+administered. It is like the _mons placiti_ of Scone, or those hills
+which are called _laws_[650], such as Kelly _law_, North Berwick _law_,
+and several others. It is singular that this spot should happen now to
+be the sheriff's residence.
+
+We had a very cheerful evening, and Dr. Johnson talked a good deal on
+the subject of literature. Speaking of the noble family of Boyle, he
+said, that all the Lord Orrerys, till the present, had been writers.
+The first wrote several plays[651]; the second[652] was Bentley's
+antagonist; the third[653] wrote the _Life of Swift_, and several other
+things; his son Hamilton wrote some papers in the _Adventurer_ and
+_World_. He told us, he was well acquainted with Swift's Lord Orrery. He
+said, he was a feebleminded man; that, on the publication of Dr.
+Delany's _Remarks_ on his book, he was so much alarmed that he was
+afraid to read them. Dr. Johnson comforted him, by telling him they were
+both in the right; that Delany had seen most of the good side of
+Swift,--Lord Orrery most of the bad. M'Leod asked, if it was not wrong
+in Orrery to expose the defects of a man with whom he lived in intimacy.
+JOHNSON. 'Why no, Sir, after the man is dead; for then it is done
+historically[654].' He added, 'If Lord Orrery had been rich, he would
+have been a very liberal patron. His conversation was like his writings,
+neat and elegant, but without strength. He grasped at more than his
+abilities could reach; tried to pass for a better talker, a better
+writer, and a better thinker than he was[655]. There was a quarrel
+between him and his father, in which his father was to blame; because it
+arose from the son's not allowing his wife to keep company with his
+father's mistress. The old lord shewed his resentment in his
+will[656],--leaving his library from his son, and assigning, as his
+reason, that he could not make use of it.'
+
+I mentioned the affectation of Orrery, in ending all his letters on the
+_Life of Swift_ in studied varieties of phrase[657], and never in the
+common mode of _'I am'_, &c., an observation which I remember to have
+been made several years ago by old Mr. Sheridan. This species of
+affectation in writing, as a foreign lady of distinguished talents once
+remarked to me, is almost peculiar to the English. I took up a volume of
+Dryden, containing the CONQUEST of GRANADA, and several other plays, of
+which all the dedications had such studied conclusions. Dr. Johnson
+said, such conclusions were more elegant, and in addressing persons of
+high rank, (as when Dryden dedicated to the Duke of York[658],) they
+were likewise more respectful. I agreed that _there_ it was much better:
+it was making his escape from the Royal presence with a genteel sudden
+timidity, in place of having the resolution to stand still, and make a
+formal bow.
+
+Lord Orrery's unkind treatment of his son in his will, led us to talk of
+the dispositions a man should have when dying. I said, I did not see why
+a man should act differently with respect to those of whom he thought
+ill when in health, merely because he was dying. JOHNSON. 'I should not
+scruple to speak against a party, when dying; but should not do it
+against an individual. It is told of Sixtus Quintus, that on his
+death-bed, in the intervals of his last pangs, he signed
+death-warrants[659].' Mr. M'Queen said, he should not do so; he would
+have more tenderness of heart. JOHNSON. 'I believe I should not either;
+but Mr. M'Queen and I are cowards[660]. It would not be from tenderness
+of heart; for the heart is as tender when a man is in health as when he
+is sick, though his resolution may be stronger[661]. Sixtus Quintus was
+a sovereign as well as a priest; and, if the criminals deserved death,
+he was doing his duty to the last. You would not think a judge died ill,
+who should be carried off by an apoplectick fit while pronouncing
+sentence of death. Consider a class of men whose business it is to
+distribute death:--soldiers, who die scattering bullets. Nobody thinks
+they die ill on that account.'
+
+Talking of Biography, he said, he did not think that the life of any
+literary man in England had been well written[662]. Beside the common
+incidents of life, it should tell us his studies, his mode of living,
+the means by which he attained to excellence, and his opinion of his own
+works. He told us, he had sent Derrick to Dryden's relations, to gather
+materials for his Life[663]; and he believed Derrick[664] had got all
+that he himself should have got; but it was nothing. He added, he had a
+kindness for Derrick, and was sorry he was dead.
+
+His notion as to the poems published by Mr. M'Pherson, as the works of
+Ossian, was not shaken here. Mr. M'Queen always evaded the point of
+authenticity, saying only that Mr. M'Pherson's pieces fell far short of
+those he knew in Erse, which were said to be Ossian's. JOHNSON. 'I hope
+they do. I am not disputing that you may have poetry of great merit; but
+that M'Pherson's is not a translation from ancient poetry. You do not
+believe it. I say before you, you do not believe it, though you are very
+willing that the world should believe it.' Mr. M'Queen made no answer
+to this[665]. Dr. Johnson proceeded. 'I look upon M'Pherson's _Fingal_
+to be as gross an imposition as ever the world was troubled with. Had it
+been really an ancient work, a true specimen how men thought at that
+time, it would have been a curiosity of the first rate. As a modern
+production, it is nothing.' He said, he could never get the meaning of
+an _Erse_ song explained to him[666]. They told him, the chorus was
+generally unmeaning. 'I take it, (said he,) Erse songs are like a song
+which I remember: it was composed in Queen Elizabeth's time, on the Earl
+of Essex: and the burthen was
+
+     "Radaratoo, radarate, radara tadara tandore."'
+
+'But surely,' said Mr. M'Queen, 'there were words to it, which had
+meaning.' JOHNSON. 'Why, yes, Sir; I recollect a stanza, and you shall
+have it:--
+
+     "O! then bespoke the prentices all,
+      Living in London, both proper and tall,
+      For Essex's sake they would fight all.
+        Radaratoo, radarate, radara, tadara, tandore[667]."'
+
+When Mr. M'Queen began again to expatiate on the beauty of Ossian's
+poetry, Dr. Johnson entered into no farther controversy, but, with a
+pleasant smile, only cried, 'Ay, ay; _Radaratoo radarate'_.
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 23.
+
+I took _Fingal_ down to the parlour in the morning, and tried a test
+proposed by Mr. Roderick M'Leod, son to Ulinish. Mr. M'Queen had said he
+had some of the poem in the original. I desired him to mention any
+passage in the printed book, of which he could repeat the original. He
+pointed out one in page 50 of the quarto edition, and read the Erse,
+while Mr. Roderick M'Leod and I looked on the English;--and Mr. M'Leod
+said, that it was pretty like what Mr. M'Queen had recited. But when Mr.
+M'Queen read a description of Cuchullin's sword in Erse, together with a
+translation of it in English verse, by Sir James Foulis, Mr. M'Leod
+said, that was much more like than Mr. M'Pherson's translation of the
+former passage. Mr. M'Queen then repeated in Erse a description of one
+of the horses in Cuchillin's car. Mr. M'Leod said, Mr. M'Pherson's
+English was nothing like it.
+
+When Dr. Johnson came down, I told him that I had now obtained some
+evidence concerning _Fingal_; for that Mr. M'Queen had repeated a
+passage in the original Erse, which Mr. M'Pherson's translation was
+pretty like; and reminded him that he himself had once said, he did not
+require Mr. M'Pherson's _Ossian_ to be more like the original than
+Pope's _Homer_. JOHNSON. 'Well, Sir, this is just what I always
+maintained. He has found names, and stories, and phrases, nay, passages
+in old songs, and with them has blended his own compositions, and so
+made what he gives to the world as the translation of an ancient poem.'
+If this was the case, I observed, it was wrong to publish it as a poem
+in six books. JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; and to ascribe it to a time too when
+the Highlanders knew nothing of _books_, and nothing of _six_;--or
+perhaps were got the length of counting six. We have been told, by
+Condamine, of a nation that could count no more than four[668]. This
+should be told to Monboddo; it would help him. There is as much charity
+in helping a man down-hill, as in helping him up-hill.' BOSWELL. 'I
+don't think there is as much charity.' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir, if his
+_tendency_ be downwards. Till he is at the bottom he flounders; get him
+once there, and he is quiet. Swift tells, that Stella had a trick, which
+she learned from Addison, of encouraging a man in absurdity, instead of
+endeavouring to extricate him[669].'
+
+Mr. M'Queen's answers to the inquiries concerning _Ossian_ were so
+unsatisfactory, that I could not help observing, that, were he examined
+in a court of justice, he would find himself under a necessity of being
+more explicit. JOHNSON. 'Sir, he has told Blair a little too much, which
+is published[670]; and he sticks to it. He is so much at the head of
+things here, that he has never been accustomed to be closely examined;
+and so he goes on quite smoothly.' BOSWELL. 'He has never had any body
+to work[671] him.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; and a man is seldom disposed to
+work himself; though he ought to work himself, to be sure.' Mr. M'Queen
+made no reply[672].
+
+Having talked of the strictness with which witnesses are examined in
+courts of justice, Dr. Johnson told us, that Garrick, though accustomed
+to face multitudes, when produced as a witness in Westminster-hall, was
+so disconcerted by a new mode of public appearance, that he could not
+understand what was asked[673]. It was a cause where an actor claimed a
+_free benefit_; that is to say, a benefit without paying the expence of
+the house; but the meaning of the term was disputed. Garrick was asked,
+'Sir, have you a free benefit?' 'Yes.' 'Upon what terms have you it?'
+'Upon-the terms-of-a free benefit.' He was dismissed as one from whom no
+information could be obtained. Dr. Johnson is often too hard on our
+friend Mr. Garrick. When I asked him why he did not mention him in the
+Preface to his _Shakspeare_[674] he said, 'Garrick has been liberally
+paid for any thing he has done for Shakspeare. If I should praise him, I
+should much more praise the nation who paid him. He has not made
+Shakspeare better known[675]; he cannot illustrate Shakspeare; so I have
+reasons enough against mentioning him, were reasons necessary. There
+should be reasons _for_ it.' I spoke of Mrs. Montague's very high
+praises of Garrick[676]. JOHNSON. 'Sir, it is fit she should say so
+much, and I should say nothing. Reynolds is fond of her book, and I
+wonder at it; for neither I, nor Beauclerk, nor Mrs. Thrale, could get
+through it[677].'  Last night Dr. Johnson gave us an account of the
+whole process of tanning and of the nature of milk, and the various
+operations upon it, as making whey, &c. His variety of information is
+surprizing[678]; and it gives one much satisfaction to find such a man
+bestowing his attention on the useful arts of life. Ulinish was much
+struck with his knowledge; and said, 'He is a great orator, Sir; it is
+musick to hear this man speak.' A strange thought struck me, to try if
+he knew any thing of an art, or whatever it should be called, which is
+no doubt very useful in life, but which lies far out of the way of a
+philosopher and a poet; I mean the trade of a butcher. I enticed him
+into the subject, by connecting it with the various researches into the
+manners and customs of uncivilized nations, that have been made by our
+late navigators into the South Seas. I began with observing, that Mr.
+(now Sir Joseph) Banks tells us, that the art of slaughtering animals
+was not known in Otaheite, for, instead of bleeding to death their
+dogs, (a common food with them,) they strangle them. This he told me
+himself; and I supposed that their hogs were killed in the same way. Dr.
+Johnson said, 'This must be owing to their not having knives,--though
+they have sharp stones with which they can cut a carcase in pieces
+tolerably.' By degrees, he shewed that he knew something even of
+butchery. 'Different animals (said he) are killed differently. An ox is
+knocked down, and a calf stunned; but a sheep has its throat cut,
+without any thing being done to stupify it. The butchers have no view to
+the ease of the animals, but only to make them quiet, for their own
+safety and convenience. A sheep can give them little trouble. Hales[679]
+is of opinion, that every animal should be blooded, without having any
+blow given to it, because it bleeds better.' BOSWELL. 'That would be
+cruel.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; there is not much pain, if the jugular vein
+be properly cut.' Pursuing the subject, he said, the kennels of
+Southwark ran with blood two or three days in the week; that he was
+afraid there were slaughter-houses in more streets in London than one
+supposes; (speaking with a kind of horrour of butchering;) and, yet he
+added, 'any of us would kill a cow rather than not have beef.' I said we
+_could_ not. 'Yes, (said he,) any one may. The business of a butcher is
+a trade indeed, that is to say, there is an apprenticeship served to it;
+but it may be learnt in a month[680].'
+
+I mentioned a club in London at the Boar's Head in Eastcheap, the very
+tavern[681] where Falstaff and his joyous companions met; the members of
+which all assume Shakspeare's characters. One is Falstaff, another
+Prince Henry, another Bardolph, and so on. JOHNSON. 'Don't be of it,
+Sir. Now that you have a name, you must be careful to avoid many things,
+not bad in themselves, but which will lessen your character[682]. This
+every man who has a name must observe. A man who is not publickly known
+may live in London as he pleases, without any notice being taken of him;
+but it is wonderful how a person of any consequence is watched. There
+was a member of parliament, who wanted to prepare himself to speak on a
+question that was to come on in the House; and he and I were to talk it
+over together. He did not wish it should be known that he talked with
+me; so he would not let me come to his house, but came to mine. Some
+time after he had made his speech in the house, Mrs. Cholmondeley[683],
+a very airy[684] lady, told me, 'Well, you could make nothing of him!'
+naming the gentleman; which was a proof that he was watched. I had once
+some business to do for government, and I went to Lord North's.
+Precaution was taken that it should not be known. It was dark before I
+went; yet a few days after I was told, 'Well, you have been with Lord
+North.' That the door of the prime minister should be watched is not
+strange; but that a member of parliament should be watched, or that my
+door should be watched, is wonderful.'
+
+We set out this morning on our way to Talisker, in Ulinish's boat,
+having taken leave of him and his family. Mr. Donald M'Queen still
+favoured us with his company, for which we were much obliged to him. As
+we sailed along Dr. Johnson got into one of his fits of railing at the
+Scots. He owned that they had been a very learned nation for a hundred
+years, from about 1550 to about 1650; but that they afforded the only
+instance of a people among whom the arts of civil life did not advance
+in proportion with learning; that they had hardly any trade, any money,
+or any elegance, before the Union; that it was strange that, with all
+the advantages possessed by other nations, they had not any of those
+conveniencies and embellishments which are the fruit of industry, till
+they came in contact with a civilized people. 'We have taught you, (said
+he,) and we'll do the same in time to all barbarous nations,--to the
+Cherokees,--and at last to the Ouran-Outangs;' laughing with as much
+glee as if Monboddo had been present. BOSWELL. 'We had wine before the
+Union.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; you had some weak stuff, the refuse of
+France, which would not make you drunk.' BOSWELL. 'I assure you, Sir,
+there was a great deal of drunkenness.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; there were
+people who died of dropsies, which they contracted in trying to get
+drunk[685].'
+
+I must here glean some of his conversation at Ulinish, which I have
+omitted. He repeated his remark, that a man in a ship was worse than a
+man in a jail[686]. 'The man in a jail, (said he,) has more room, better
+food, and commonly better company, and is in safety.' 'Ay; but, (said
+Mr. M'Queen,) the man in the ship has the pleasing hope of getting to
+shore.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, I am not talking of a man's getting to shore; but
+of a man while he is in a ship: and then, I say, he is worse than a man
+while he is in a jail. A man in a jail _may_ have the _"pleasing hope"_
+of getting out. A man confined for only a limited time, actually _has_
+it.' M'Leod mentioned his schemes for carrying on fisheries with spirit,
+and that he would wish to understand the construction of boats. I
+suggested that he might go to a dock-yard and work, as Peter the Great
+did. JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir, he need not work. Peter the Great had not the
+sense to see that the mere mechanical work may be done by any body, and
+that there is the same art in constructing a vessel, whether the boards
+are well or ill wrought. Sir Christopher Wren might as well have served
+his time to a bricklayer, and first, indeed, to a brick-maker.'
+
+There is a beautiful little island in the Loch of Dunvegan, called
+_Isa_. M'Leod said, he would give it to Dr. Johnson, on condition of his
+residing on it three months in the year; nay one month. Dr. Johnson was
+highly amused with the fancy. I have seen him please himself with little
+things, even with mere ideas like the present. He talked a great deal of
+this island;--how he would build a house there,--how he would fortify
+it,--how he would have cannon,--how he would plant,--how he would sally
+out, and _take_ the isle of Muck;--and then he laughed with uncommon
+glee, and could hardly leave off. I have seen him do so at a small
+matter that struck him, and was a sport to no one else[687]. Mr. Langton
+told me, that one night he did so while the company were all grave about
+him:--only Garrick, in his significant smart manner, darting his eyes
+around, exclaimed, '_Very_ jocose, to be sure!' M'Leod encouraged the
+fancy of Doctor Johnson's becoming owner of an island; told him, that it
+was the practice in this country to name every man by his lands; and
+begged leave to drink to him in that mode: '_Island Isa_, your health!'
+Ulinish, Talisker, Mr. M'Queen, and I, all joined in our different
+manners, while Dr. Johnson bowed to each, with much good humour.
+
+We had good weather, and a fine sail this day. The shore was varied with
+hills, and rocks, and corn-fields, and bushes, which are here dignified
+with the name of natural _wood_. We landed near the house of Ferneley, a
+farm possessed by another gentleman of the name of M'Leod, who,
+expecting our arrival, was waiting on the shore, with a horse for Dr.
+Johnson. The rest of us walked. At dinner, I expressed to M'Leod the joy
+which I had in seeing him on such cordial terms with his clan.
+'Government (said he) has deprived us of our ancient power; but it
+cannot deprive us of our domestick satisfactions. I would rather drink
+punch in one of their houses, (meaning the houses of his people,) than
+be enabled by their hardships to have claret in my own.[688]' This
+should be the sentiment of every Chieftain. All that he can get by
+raising his rents, is more luxury in his own house. Is it not better to
+share the profits of his estate, to a certain degree, with his kinsmen,
+and thus have both social intercourse and patriarchal influence?
+
+We had a very good ride, for about three miles, to Talisker, where
+Colonel M'Leod introduced us to his lady. We found here Mr. Donald
+M'Lean, the young Laird of _Col_, (nephew to Talisker,) to whom I
+delivered the letter with which I had been favoured by his uncle,
+Professor M'Leod, at Aberdeen[689]. He was a little lively young man. We
+found he had been a good deal in England, studying farming, and was
+resolved to improve the value of his father's lands, without oppressing
+his tenants, or losing the ancient Highland fashions.
+
+Talisker is a better place than one commonly finds in Sky. It is
+situated in a rich bottom. Before it is a wide expanse of sea, on each
+hand of which are immense rocks; and, at some distance in the sea, there
+are three columnal rocks rising to sharp points. The billows break with
+prodigious force and noise on the coast of Talisker[690]. There are here
+a good many well-grown trees. Talisker is an extensive farm. The
+possessor of it has, for several generations, been the next heir to
+M'Leod, as there has been but one son always in that family. The court
+before the house is most injudiciously paved with the round blueish-grey
+pebbles which are found upon the sea-shore; so that you walk as if upon
+cannon-balls driven into the ground.
+
+After supper, I talked of the assiduity of the Scottish clergy, in
+visiting and privately instructing their parishioners, and observed how
+much in this they excelled the English clergy. Dr. Johnson would not let
+this pass. He tried to turn it off, by saying, 'There are different ways
+of instructing. Our clergy pray and preach.' M'Leod and I pressed the
+subject, upon which he grew warm, and broke forth: 'I do not believe
+your people are better instructed. If they are, it is the blind leading
+the blind; for your clergy are not instructed themselves.' Thinking he
+had gone a little too far, he checked himself, and added, 'When I talk
+of the ignorance of your clergy, I talk of them as a body: I do not mean
+that there are not individuals who are learned (looking at Mr.
+M'Queen[691]). I suppose there are such among the clergy in Muscovy. The
+clergy of England have produced the most valuable books in support of
+religion, both in theory and practice. What have your clergy done, since
+you sunk into presbyterianism? Can you name one book of any value, on a
+religious subject, written by them[692]?' We were silent. 'I'll help
+you. Forbes wrote very well; but I believe he wrote before episcopacy
+was quite extinguished.' And then pausing a little, he said, 'Yes, you
+have Wishart AGAINST Repentance[693].' BOSWELL. 'But, Sir, we are not
+contending for the superior learning of our clergy, but for their
+superior assiduity.' He bore us down again, with thundering against
+their ignorance, and said to me, 'I see you have not been well taught;
+for you have not charity.' He had been in some measure forced into this
+warmth, by the exulting air which I assumed; for, when he began, he
+said, 'Since you _will_ drive the nail!' He again thought of good Mr.
+M'Queen, and, taking him by the hand, said, 'Sir, I did not mean any
+disrespect to you[694].'
+
+Here I must observe, that he conquered by deserting his ground, and not
+meeting the argument as I had put it. The assiduity of the Scottish
+clergy is certainly greater than that of the English. His taking up the
+topick of their not having so much learning, was, though ingenious, yet
+a fallacy in logick. It was as if there should be a dispute whether a
+man's hair is well dressed, and Dr. Johnson should say, 'Sir, his hair
+cannot be well dressed; for he has a dirty shirt. No man who has not
+clean linen has his hair well dressed.' When some days afterwards he
+read this passage, he said, 'No, Sir; I did not say that a man's hair
+could not be well dressed because he has not clean linen, but because
+he is bald.'
+
+He used one argument against the Scottish clergy being learned, which I
+doubt was not good. 'As we believe a man dead till we know that he is
+alive; so we believe men ignorant till we know that they are learned.'
+Now our maxim in law is, to presume a man alive, till we know he is
+dead. However, indeed, it may be answered, that we must first know he
+has lived; and that we have never known the learning of the Scottish
+clergy. Mr. M'Queen, though he was of opinion that Dr. Johnson had
+deserted the point really in dispute, was much pleased with what he
+said, and owned to me, he thought it very just; and Mrs. M'Leod was so
+much captivated by his eloquence, that she told me 'I was a good
+advocate for a bad cause.'
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 24.
+
+This was a good day. Dr. Johnson told us, at breakfast, that he rode
+harder at a fox chace than any body[695]. 'The English (said he) are the
+only nation who ride hard a-hunting. A Frenchman goes out, upon a
+managed[696] horse, and capers in the field, and no more thinks of
+leaping a hedge than of mounting a breach. Lord Powerscourt laid a
+wager, in France, that he would ride a great many miles in a certain
+short time. The French academicians set to work, and calculated that,
+from the resistance of the air, it was impossible. His lordship however
+performed it.'
+
+Our money being nearly exhausted, we sent a bill for thirty pounds,
+drawn on Sir William Forbes and Co.[697], to Lochbraccadale, but our
+messenger found it very difficult to procure cash for it; at length,
+however, he got us value from the master of a vessel which was to carry
+away some emigrants. There is a great scarcity of specie in Sky[698].
+Mr. M'Queen said he had the utmost difficulty to pay his servants'
+wages, or to pay for any little thing which he has to buy. The rents are
+paid in bills[699], which the drovers give. The people consume a vast
+deal of snuff and tobacco, for which they must pay ready money; and
+pedlars, who come about selling goods, as there is not a shop in the
+island, carry away the cash. If there were encouragement given to
+fisheries and manufactures, there might be a circulation of money
+introduced. I got one-and-twenty shillings in silver at Portree, which
+was thought a wonderful store.
+
+Talisker, Mr. M'Queen, and I, walked out, and looked at no less than
+fifteen different waterfalls near the house, in the space of about a
+quarter of a mile[700]. We also saw Cuchillin's well, said to have been
+the favourite spring of that ancient hero. I drank of it. The water is
+admirable. On the shore are many stones full of crystallizations in
+the heart.
+
+Though our obliging friend, Mr. M'Lean, was but the young laird, he had
+the title of _Col_ constantly given him. After dinner he and I walked to
+the top of Prieshwell, a very high rocky hill, from whence there is a
+view of Barra,--the Long Island,--Bernera,--the Loch of Dunvegan,--part
+of Rum--part of Rasay, and a vast deal of the isle of Sky. Col, though
+he had come into Sky with an intention to be at Dunvegan, and pass a
+considerable time in the island, most politely resolved first to
+conduct us to Mull, and then to return to Sky. This was a very fortunate
+circumstance; for he planned an expedition for us of more variety than
+merely going to Mull. He proposed we should see the islands of _Egg,
+Muck, Col,_ and _Tyr-yi_. In all these islands he could shew us every
+thing worth seeing; and in Mull he said he should be as if at home, his
+father having lands there, and he a farm.
+
+Dr. Johnson did not talk much to-day, but seemed intent in listening to
+the schemes of future excursion, planned by Col. Dr. Birch[701],
+however, being mentioned, he said, he had more anecdotes than any man. I
+said, Percy had a great many; that he flowed with them like one of the
+brooks here. JOHNSON. 'If Percy is like one of the brooks here, Birch
+was like the river Thames. Birch excelled Percy in that, as much as
+Percy excels Goldsmith.' I mentioned Lord Hailes as a man of anecdote.
+He was not pleased with him, for publishing only such memorials and
+letters as were unfavourable for the Stuart family[702]. 'If, (said he,)
+a man fairly warns you, "I am to give all the ill; do you find the
+good;" he may: but if the object which he professes be to give a view of
+a reign, let him tell all the truth. I would tell truth of the two
+Georges, or of that scoundrel, King William[703]. Granger's
+_Biographical History_[704] is full of curious anecdote, but might have
+been better done. The dog is a Whig. I do not like much to see a Whig in
+any dress; but I hate to see a Whig in a parson's gown[705].'
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 25.
+
+It was resolved that we should set out, in order to return to Slate, to
+be in readiness to take boat whenever there should be a fair wind. Dr.
+Johnson remained in his chamber writing a letter, and it was long before
+we could get him into motion. He did not come to breakfast, but had it
+sent to him. When he had finished his letter, it was twelve o'clock, and
+we should have set out at ten. When I went up to him, he said to me, 'Do
+you remember a song which begins,
+
+     "Every island is a prison[706]
+      Strongly guarded by the sea;
+      Kings and princes, for that reason,
+      Prisoners are, as well as we?"'
+
+I suppose he had been thinking of our confined situation[707]. He would
+fain have gone in a boat from hence, instead of riding back to Slate. A
+scheme for it was proposed. He said, 'We'll not be driven tamely from
+it:'-but it proved impracticable.
+
+We took leave of M'Leod and Talisker, from whom we parted with regret.
+Talisker, having been bred to physick, had a tincture of scholarship in
+his conversation, which pleased Dr. Johnson, and he had some very good
+books; and being a colonel in the Dutch service, he and his lady, in
+consequence of having lived abroad, had introduced the ease and
+politeness of the continent into this rude region.
+
+Young Col was now our leader. Mr. M'Queen was to accompany us half a day
+more. We stopped at a little hut, where we saw an old woman grinding
+with the _quern_, the ancient Highland instrument, which it is said was
+used by the Romans, but which, being very slow in its operation, is
+almost entirely gone into disuse.
+
+The walls of the cottages in Sky, instead of being one compacted mass
+of stones, are often formed by two exterior surfaces of stone, filled up
+with earth in the middle, which makes them very warm. The roof is
+generally bad. They are thatched, sometimes with straw, sometimes with
+heath, sometimes with fern. The thatch is secured by ropes of straw, or
+of heath; and, to fix the ropes, there is a stone tied to the end of
+each. These stones hang round the bottom of the roof, and make it look
+like a lady's hair in papers; but I should think that, when there is
+wind, they would come down, and knock people on the head.
+
+We dined at the inn at Sconser, where I had the pleasure to find a
+letter from my wife. Here we parted from our learned companion, Mr.
+Donald M'Queen. Dr. Johnson took leave of him very affectionately,
+saying, 'Dear Sir, do not forget me!' We settled, that he should write
+an account of the Isle of Sky, which Dr. Johnson promised to revise. He
+said, Mr. M'Queen should tell all that he could; distinguishing what he
+himself knew, what was traditional, and what conjectural.
+
+We sent our horses round a point of land, that we might shun some very
+bad road; and resolved to go forward by sea. It was seven o'clock when
+we got into our boat. We had many showers, and it soon grew pretty dark.
+Dr. Johnson sat silent and patient. Once he said, as he looked on the
+black coast of Sky,-black, as being composed of rocks seen in the
+dusk,--'This is very solemn.' Our boatmen were rude singers, and seemed
+so like wild Indians, that a very little imagination was necessary to
+give one an impression of being upon an American river. We landed at
+_Strolimus_, from whence we got a guide to walk before us, for two
+miles, to _Corrichatachin_. Not being able to procure a horse for our
+baggage, I took one portmanteau before me, and Joseph another. We had
+but a single star to light us on our way. It was about eleven when we
+arrived. We were most hospitably received by the master and mistress,
+who were just going to bed, but, with unaffected ready kindness, made a
+good fire, and at twelve o'clock at night had supper on the table.
+
+James Macdonald, of _Knockow_, Kingsburgh's brother, whom we had seen at
+Kingsburgh, was there. He shewed me a bond granted by the late Sir James
+Macdonald, to old Kingsburgh, the preamble of which does so much honour
+to the feelings of that much-lamented gentleman, that I thought it worth
+transcribing. It was as follows:--
+
+'I, Sir James Macdonald, of Macdonald, Baronet, now, after arriving at
+my perfect age, from the friendship I bear to Alexander Macdonald of
+Kingsburgh, and in return for the long and faithful services done and
+performed by him to my deceased father, and to myself during my
+minority, when he was one of my Tutors and Curators; being resolved, now
+that the said Alexander Macdonald is advanced in years, to contribute my
+endeavours for making his old age placid and comfortable,'--
+
+therefore he grants him an annuity of fifty pounds sterling.
+
+Dr. Johnson went to bed soon. When one bowl of punch was finished, I
+rose, and was near the door, in my way up stairs to bed; but
+Corrichatachin said, it was the first time Col had been in his house,
+and he should have his bowl;-and would not I join in drinking it? The
+heartiness of my honest landlord, and the desire of doing social honour
+to our very obliging conductor, induced me to sit down again. Col's bowl
+was finished; and by that time we were well warmed. A third bowl was
+soon made, and that too was finished. We were cordial, and merry to a
+high degree; but of what passed I have no recollection, with any
+accuracy. I remember calling _Corrichatachin_ by the familiar
+appellation of _Corri_, which his friends do. A fourth bowl was made, by
+which time Col, and young M'Kinnon, Corrichatachin's son, slipped away
+to bed. I continued a little with Corri and Knockow; but at last I left
+them. It was near five in the morning when I got to bed.
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 26
+
+I awaked at noon, with a severe head-ach. I was much vexed that I should
+have been guilty of such a riot, and afraid of a reproof from Dr.
+Johnson. I thought it very inconsistent with that conduct which I ought
+to maintain, while the companion of the Rambler. About one he came into
+my room, and accosted me, 'What, drunk yet?' His tone of voice was not
+that of severe upbraiding; so I was relieved a little. 'Sir, (said I,)
+they kept me up.' He answered, 'No, you kept them up, you drunken
+dog:'-This he said with good-humoured _English_ pleasantry. Soon
+afterwards, Corrichatachin, Col, and other friends assembled round my
+bed. Corri had a brandy-bottle and glass with him, and insisted I should
+take a dram. 'Ay, said Dr. Johnson, fill him drunk again. Do it in the
+morning, that we may laugh at him all day. It is a poor thing for a
+fellow to get drunk at night, and sculk to bed, and let his friends have
+no sport.' Finding him thus jocular, I became quite easy; and when I
+offered to get up, he very good naturedly said, 'You need be in no such
+hurry now[708].' I took my host's advice, and drank some brandy, which I
+found an effectual cure for my head-ach. When I rose, I went into Dr.
+Johnson's room, and taking up Mrs. M'Kinnon's Prayer-book, I opened it
+at the twentieth Sunday after Trinity, in the epistle for which I read,
+'And be not drunk with wine, wherein there is excess[709].' Some would
+have taken this as a divine interposition.
+
+Mrs. M'Kinnon told us at dinner, that old Kingsburgh, her father, was
+examined at Mugstot, by General Campbell, as to the particulars of the
+dress of the person who had come to his house in woman's clothes along
+with Miss Flora M'Donald; as the General had received intelligence of
+that disguise. The particulars were taken down in writing, that it might
+be seen how far they agreed with the dress of the _Irish girl_ who went
+with Miss Flora from the Long Island. Kingsburgh, she said, had but one
+song, which he always sung when he was merry over a glass. She dictated
+the words to me, which are foolish enough:--
+
+     'Green sleeves[710] and pudding pies,
+      Tell me where my mistress lies,
+      And I'll be with her before she rise,
+      Fiddle and aw' together.
+
+      May our affairs abroad succeed,
+      And may our king come home with speed,
+      And all pretenders shake for dread,
+      And let _his_ health go round.
+
+      To all our injured friends in need,
+      This side and beyond the Tweed!--
+      Let all pretenders shake for dread,
+      And let _his_ health go round.
+         Green sleeves,' &c.
+
+While the examination was going on, the present Talisker, who was there
+as one of M'Leod's militia, could not resist the pleasantry of asking
+Kingsburgh, in allusion to his only song, 'Had she _green sleeves_?'
+Kingsburgh gave him no answer. Lady Margaret M'Donald was very angry at
+Talisker for joking on such a serious occasion, as Kingsburgh was really
+in danger of his life. Mrs. M'Kinnon added that Lady Margaret was quite
+adored in Sky. That when she travelled through the island, the people
+ran in crowds before her, and took the stones off the road, lest her
+horse should stumble and she be hurt[711]. Her husband, Sir Alexander,
+is also remembered with great regard. We were told that every week a
+hogshead of claret was drunk at his table.
+
+This was another day of wind and rain; but good cheer and good society
+helped to beguile the time. I felt myself comfortable enough in the
+afternoon. I then thought that my last night's riot was no more than
+such a social excess as may happen without much moral blame; and
+recollected that some physicians maintained, that a fever produced by it
+was, upon the whole, good for health: so different are our reflections
+on the same subject, at different periods; and such the excuses with
+which we palliate what we know to be wrong.
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 27.
+
+Mr. Donald M'Leod, our original guide, who had parted from us at
+Dunvegan, joined us again to-day. The weather was still so bad that we
+could not travel. I found a closet here, with a good many books, beside
+those that were lying about. Dr. Johnson told me, he found a library in
+his room at Talisker; and observed, that it was one of the remarkable
+things of Sky, that there were so many books in it.
+
+Though we had here great abundance of provisions, it is remarkable that
+Corrichatachin has literally no garden: not even a turnip, a carrot, or
+a cabbage. After dinner, we talked of the crooked spade used in Sky,
+already described, and they maintained that it was better than the usual
+garden-spade, and that there was an art in tossing it, by which those
+who were accustomed to it could work very easily with it. 'Nay, (said
+Dr. Johnson,) it may be useful in land where there are many stones to
+raise; but it certainly is not a good instrument for digging good land.
+A man may toss it, to be sure; but he will toss a light spade much
+better: its weight makes it an incumbrance. A man _may_ dig any land
+with it; but he has no occasion for such a weight in digging good land.
+You may take a field piece to shoot sparrows; but all the sparrows you
+can bring home will not be worth the charge.' He was quite social and
+easy amongst them; and, though he drank no fermented liquor, toasted
+Highland beauties with great readiness. His conviviality engaged them so
+much, that they seemed eager to shew their attention to him, and vied
+with each other in crying out, with a strong Celtick pronunciation,
+'Toctor Shonson, Toctor Shonson, your health!'
+
+This evening one of our married ladies, a lively pretty little woman,
+good-humouredly sat down upon Dr. Johnson's knee, and, being encouraged
+by some of the company, put her hands round his neck, and kissed him.
+'Do it again, (said he,) and let us see who will tire first.' He kept
+her on his knee some time, while he and she drank tea. He was now like a
+_buck_[712] indeed. All the company were much entertained to find him so
+easy and pleasant. To me it was highly comick, to see the grave
+philosopher,--the Rambler,-toying with a Highland beauty[713]!--But what
+could he do? He must have been surly, and weak too, had he not behaved
+as he did. He would have been laughed at, and not more respected, though
+less loved.
+
+He read to-night, to himself, as he sat in company, a great deal of my
+Journal, and said to me, 'The more I read of this, I think the more
+highly of you.' The gentlemen sat a long time at their punch, after he
+and I had retired to our chambers. The manner in which they were
+attended struck me as singular:--The bell being broken, a smart lad lay
+on a table in the corner of the room, ready to spring up and bring the
+kettle, whenever it was wanted. They continued drinking, and singing
+Erse songs, till near five in the morning, when they all came into my
+room, where some of them had beds. Unluckily for me, they found a bottle
+of punch in a corner, which they drank; and Corrichatachin went for
+another, which they also drank. They made many apologies for disturbing
+me. I told them, that, having been kept awake by their mirth, I had once
+thoughts of getting up, and joining them again. Honest Corrichatachin
+said, 'To have had you done so, I would have given a cow.'
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 28.
+
+The weather was worse than yesterday. I felt as if imprisoned. Dr.
+Johnson said, it was irksome to be detained thus: yet he seemed to have
+less uneasiness, or more patience, than I had. What made our situation
+worse here was, that we had no rooms that we could command; for the good
+people had no notion that a man could have any occasion but for a mere
+sleeping-place; so, during the day, the bed chambers were common to all
+the house. Servants eat in Dr. Johnson's; and mine was a kind of general
+rendezvous of all under the roof, children and dogs not excepted. As the
+gentlemen occupied the parlour, the ladies had no place to sit in,
+during the day, but Dr. Johnson's room. I had always some quiet time for
+writing in it, before he was up; and, by degrees, I accustomed the
+ladies to let me sit in it after breakfast, at my _Journal_, without
+minding me.
+
+Dr. Johnson was this morning for going to see as many islands as we
+could; not recollecting the uncertainty of the season, which might
+detain us in one place for many weeks. He said to me, 'I have more the
+spirit of adventure than you.' For my part, I was anxious to get to
+Mull, from whence we might almost any day reach the main land.
+
+Dr. Johnson mentioned, that the few ancient Irish gentlemen yet
+remaining have the highest pride of family; that Mr. Sandford, a friend
+of his, whose mother was Irish, told him, that O'Hara (who was true
+Irish, both by father and mother) and he, and Mr. Ponsonby, son to the
+Earl of Besborough, the greatest man of the three, but of an English
+family, went to see one of those ancient Irish, and that he
+distinguished them thus: 'O'Hara, you are welcome! Mr. Sandford, your
+mother's son is welcome! Mr. Ponsonby, you may sit down.'
+
+He talked both of threshing and thatching. He said, it was very
+difficult to determine how to agree with a thresher. 'If you pay him by
+the day's wages, he will thresh no more than he pleases; though to be
+sure, the negligence of a thresher is more easily detected than that of
+most labourers, because he must always make a sound while he works. If
+you pay him by the piece, by the quantity of grain which he produces, he
+will thresh only while the grain comes freely, and, though he leaves a
+good deal in the ear, it is not worth while to thresh the straw over
+again; nor can you fix him to do it sufficiently, because it is so
+difficult to prove how much less a man threshes than he ought to do.
+Here then is a dilemma: but, for my part, I would engage him by the day:
+I would rather trust his idleness than his fraud.' He said, a roof
+thatched with Lincolnshire reeds would last seventy years, as he was
+informed when in that county; and that he told this in London to a great
+thatcher, who said, he believed it might be true. Such are the pains
+that Dr. Johnson takes to get the best information on every
+subject[714].
+
+He proceeded:--'It is difficult for a farmer in England to find
+day-labourers, because the lowest manufacturers can always get more than
+a day-labourer. It is of no consequence how high the wages of
+manufacturers are; but it would be of very bad consequence to raise the
+wages of those who procure the immediate necessaries of life, for that
+would raise the price of provisions. Here then is a problem for
+politicians. It is not reasonable that the most useful body of men
+should be the worst paid; yet it does not appear how it can be ordered
+otherwise. It were to be wished, that a mode for its being otherwise
+were found out. In the mean time, it is better to give temporary
+assistance by charitable contributions to poor labourers, at times when
+provisions are high, than to raise their wages; because, if wages are
+once raised, they will never get down again[715].'
+
+Happily the weather cleared up between one and two o'clock, and we got
+ready to depart; but our kind host and hostess would not let us go
+without taking a _snatch_, as they called it; which was in truth a very
+good dinner. While the punch went round, Dr. Johnson kept a close
+whispering conference with Mrs. M'Kinnon, which, however, was loud
+enough to let us hear that the subject of it was the particulars of
+Prince Charles's escape. The company were entertained and pleased to
+observe it. Upon that subject, there was something congenial between the
+soul of Dr. Samuel Johnson, and that of an isle of Sky farmer's wife. It
+is curious to see people, how far so ever removed from each other in the
+general system of their lives, come close together on a particular point
+which is common to each. We were merry with Corrichatachin, on Dr.
+Johnson's whispering with his wife. She, perceiving this, humourously
+cried, 'I am in love with him. What is it to live and not to love?' Upon
+her saying something, which I did not hear, or cannot recollect, he
+seized her hand eagerly, and kissed it.
+
+As we were going, the Scottish phrase of '_honest man_!' which is an
+expression of kindness and regard, was again and again applied by the
+company to Dr. Johnson. I was also treated with much civility; and I
+must take some merit from my assiduous attention to him, and from my
+contriving that he shall be easy wherever he goes, that he shall not be
+asked twice to eat or drink any thing (which always disgusts him), that
+he shall be provided with water at his meals, and many such little
+things, which, if not attended to, would fret him. I also may be allowed
+to claim some merit in leading the conversation: I do not mean leading,
+as in an orchestra, by playing the first fiddle; but leading as one does
+in examining a witness--starting topics, and making him pursue them. He
+appears to me like a great mill, into which a subject is thrown to be
+ground. It requires, indeed, fertile minds to furnish materials for this
+mill. I regret whenever I see it unemployed; but sometimes I feel myself
+quite barren, and have nothing to throw in. I know not if this mill be a
+good figure; though Pope makes his mind a mill for turning verses[716].
+
+We set out about four. Young Corrichatachin went with us. We had a fine
+evening, and arrived in good time at _Ostig_, the residence of Mr.
+Martin M'Pherson, minister of Slate. It is a pretty good house, built by
+his father, upon a farm near the church. We were received here with much
+kindness by Mr. and Mrs. M'Pherson, and his sister, Miss M'Pherson, who
+pleased Dr. Johnson much, by singing Erse songs, and playing on the
+guittar. He afterwards sent her a present of his _Rasselas_. In his
+bed-chamber was a press stored with books, Greek, Latin, French, and
+English, most of which had belonged to the father of our host, the
+learned Dr. M'Pherson; who, though his _Dissertations_ have been
+mentioned in a former page[717] as unsatisfactory, was a man of
+distinguished talents. Dr. Johnson looked at a Latin paraphrase of the
+song of Moses, written by him, and published in the _Scots Magazine_ for
+1747, and said, 'It does him honour; he has a good deal of Latin, and
+good Latin.' Dr. M'Pherson published also in the same magazine, June
+1739, an original Latin ode, which he wrote from the isle of Barra,
+where he was minister for some years. It is very poetical, and exhibits
+a striking proof how much all things depend upon comparison: for Barra,
+it seems, appeared to him so much worse than Sky, his _natale
+solum_[718], that he languished for its 'blessed mountains,' and thought
+himself buried alive amongst barbarians where he was. My readers will
+probably not be displeased to have a specimen of this ode:--
+
+     'Hei mihi! quantos patior dolores,
+      Dum procul specto juga ter beata;
+      Dum ferae Barrae steriles arenas
+           Solus oberro.
+     'Ingemo, indignor, crucior, quod inter
+      Barbaros Thulen lateam colentes;
+      Torpeo languens, morior sepultus,
+           Carcere coeco.'
+
+After wishing for wings to fly over to his dear country, which was in
+his view, from what he calls _Thule_, as being the most western isle of
+Scotland, except St. Kilda; after describing the pleasures of society,
+and the miseries of solitude, he at last, with becoming propriety, has
+recourse to the only sure relief of thinking men,--_Sursum
+corda_[719]--the hope of a better world, disposes his mind to
+resignation:--
+
+     'Interim fiat, tua, rex, voluntas:
+      Erigor sursum quoties subit spes
+      Certa migrandi Solymam supernam,
+           Numinis aulam.'
+
+He concludes in a noble strain of orthodox piety:--
+
+     'Vita tum demum vocitanda vita est.
+      Tum licet gratos socios habere,
+      Seraphim et sanctos TRIADEM verendam
+           Concelebrantes.'
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 29[720].
+
+After a very good sleep, I rose more refreshed than I had been for some
+nights. We were now at but a little distance from the shore, and saw the
+sea from our windows, which made our voyage seem nearer. Mr. M'Pherson's
+manners and address pleased us much. He appeared to be a man of such
+intelligence and taste as to be sensible of the extraordinary powers of
+his illustrious guest. He said to me, 'Dr. Johnson is an honour to
+mankind; and, if the expression may be used, is an honour to religion.'
+
+Col, who had gone yesterday to pay a visit at Camuscross, joined us this
+morning at breakfast. Some other gentlemen also came to enjoy the
+entertainment of Dr. Johnson's conversation. The day was windy and
+rainy, so that we had just seized a happy interval for our journey last
+night. We had good entertainment here, better accommodation than at
+Corrichatachin, and time enough to ourselves. The hours slipped along
+imperceptibly. We talked of Shenstone. Dr. Johnson said he was a good
+layer-out of land[721], but would not allow him to approach excellence
+as a poet. He said, he believed he had tried to read all his _Love
+Pastorals_, but did not get through them. I repeated the stanza,
+
+     'She gazed as I slowly withdrew;
+        My path I could hardly discern;
+      So sweetly she bade me adieu,
+        I thought that she bade me return[722].'
+
+He said, 'That seems to be pretty.' I observed that Shenstone, from his
+short maxims in prose, appeared to have some power of thinking; but Dr.
+Johnson would not allow him that merit[723]. He agreed, however, with
+Shenstone, that it was wrong in the brother of one of his correspondents
+to burn his letters[724]: 'for, (said he,) Shenstone was a man whose
+correspondence was an honour.' He was this afternoon full of critical
+severity, and dealt about his censures on all sides. He said, Hammond's
+_Love Elegies_ were poor things[725]. He spoke contemptuously of our
+lively and elegant, though too licentious, Lyrick bard, Hanbury
+Williams, and said, 'he had no fame, but from boys who drank with
+him[726].'
+
+While he was in this mood, I was unfortunate enough, simply perhaps, but
+I could not help thinking, undeservedly, to come within 'the whiff and
+wind of his fell sword[727].' I asked him, if he had ever been
+accustomed to wear a night-cap. He said 'No.' I asked, if it was best
+not to wear one. JOHNSON. 'Sir, I had this custom by chance, and perhaps
+no man shall ever know whether it is best to sleep with or without a
+night-cap.' Soon afterwards he was laughing at some deficiency in the
+Highlands, and said, 'One might as well go without shoes and stockings.'
+Thinking to have a little hit at his own deficiency, I ventured to
+add,------' or without a night-cap, Sir.' But I had better have been
+silent; for he retorted directly. 'I do not see the connection there
+(laughing). Nobody before was ever foolish enough to ask whether it was
+best to wear a night-cap or not. This comes of being a little
+wrong-headed.' He carried the company along with him: and yet the truth
+is, that if he had always worn a night-cap, as is the common practice,
+and found the Highlanders did not wear one, he would have wondered at
+their barbarity; so that my hit was fair enough.
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 30.
+
+There was as great a storm of wind and rain as I have almost ever seen,
+which necessarily confined us to the house; but we were fully
+compensated by Dr. Johnson's conversation. He said, he did not grudge
+Burke's being the first man in the House of Commons, for he was the
+first man every where; but he grudged that a fellow who makes no figure
+in company, and has a mind as narrow as the neck of a vinegar cruet,
+should make a figure in the House of Commons, merely by having the
+knowledge of a few forms, and being furnished with a little occasional
+information[728]. He told us, the first time he saw Dr. Young was at the
+house of Mr. Richardson, the author of _Clarissa_. He was sent for, that
+the doctor might read to him his _Conjectures on original
+Composition_[729], which he did, and Dr. Johnson made his remarks; and
+he was surprized to find Young receive as novelties, what he thought
+very common maxims. He said, he believed Young was not a great scholar,
+nor had studied regularly the art of writing[730]; that there were very
+fine things in his _Night Thoughts_[731], though you could not find
+twenty lines together without some extravagance. He repeated two
+passages from his _Love of Fame_,--the characters of Brunetta[732] and
+Stella[733], which he praised highly. He said Young pressed him much to
+come to Wellwyn. He always intended it, but never went[734]. He was
+sorry when Young died. The cause of quarrel between Young and his son,
+he told us, was, that his son insisted Young should turn away a
+clergyman's widow, who lived with him, and who, having acquired great
+influence over the father, was saucy to the son. Dr. Johnson said, she
+could not conceal her resentment at him, for saying to Young, that 'an
+old man should not resign himself to the management of any body.' I
+asked him, if there was any improper connection between them. 'No, Sir,
+no more than between two statues. He was past fourscore, and she a very
+coarse woman. She read to him, and I suppose made his coffee, and
+frothed his chocolate, and did such things as an old man wishes to have
+done for him.'
+
+Dr. Doddridge being mentioned, he observed that 'he was author of one of
+the finest epigrams in the English language. It is in Orton's Life of
+him.[735] The subject is his family motto,--_Dum vivimus, vivamus_;
+which, in its primary signification, is, to be sure, not very suitable
+to a Christian divine; but he paraphrased it thus:
+
+     "Live, while you live, the _epicure_ would say,
+      And seize the pleasures of the present day.
+      Live, while you live, the sacred _preacher_ cries,
+      And give to GOD each moment as it flies.
+      Lord, in my views let both united be;
+      I live in _pleasure_, when I live to _thee_."'
+
+I asked if it was not strange that government should permit so many
+infidel writings to pass without censure. JOHNSON. 'Sir, it is mighty
+foolish. It is for want of knowing their own power. The present family
+on the throne came to the crown against the will of nine tenths of the
+people.[736] Whether those nine tenths were right or wrong, it is not
+our business now to enquire. But such being the situation of the royal
+family, they were glad to encourage all who would be their friends. Now
+you know every bad man is a Whig; every man who has loose notions. The
+church was all against this family. They were, as I say, glad to
+encourage any friends; and therefore, since their accession, there is no
+instance of any man being kept back on account of his bad principles;
+and hence this inundation of impiety[737].' I observed that Mr. Hume,
+some of whose writings were very unfavourable to religion, was, however,
+a Tory. JOHNSON. 'Sir, Hume is a Tory by chance[738] as being a
+Scotchman; but not upon a principle of duty; for he has no principle. If
+he is any thing, he is a Hobbist.'
+
+There was something not quite serene in his humour to-night, after
+supper; for he spoke of hastening away to London, without stopping much
+at Edinburgh. I reminded him that he had General Oughton and many others
+to see. JOHNSON. 'Nay, I shall neither go in jest, nor stay in jest. I
+shall do what is fit.' BOSWELL. 'Ay, Sir, but all I desire is, that you
+will let me tell you when it is fit.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, I shall not consult
+you.' BOSWELL. 'If you are to run away from us, as soon as you get
+loose, we will keep you confined in an island.' He was, however, on the
+whole, very good company. Mr. Donald McLeod expressed very well the
+gradual impression made by Dr. Johnson on those who are so fortunate as
+to obtain his acquaintance. 'When you see him first, you are struck with
+awful reverence;--then you admire him;--and then you love him
+cordially.'
+
+I read this evening some part of Voltaire's _History of the War_ in
+1741[739], and of Lord Kames against Hereditary Indefeasible Right. This
+is a very slight circumstance, with which I should not trouble my
+reader, but for the sake of observing that every man should keep minutes
+of whatever he reads. Every circumstance of his studies should be
+recorded; what books he has consulted; how much of them he has read; at
+what times; how often the same authors; and what opinions he formed of
+them, at different periods of his life. Such an account would much
+illustrate the history of his mind.[740]
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, OCTOBER 1.
+
+I shewed to Dr. Johnson verses in a magazine, on his _Dictionary_,
+composed of uncommon words taken from it:--
+
+     'Little of _Anthropopathy_[741] has he,' &c.
+
+He read a few of them, and said, 'I am not answerable for all the words
+in my _Dictionary_'. I told him that Garrick kept a book of all who had
+either praised or abused him. On the subject of his own reputation, he
+said,' Now that I see it has been so current a topick, I wish I had done
+so too; but it could not well be done now, as so many things are
+scattered in newspapers.' He said he was angry at a boy of Oxford, who
+wrote in his defence against Kenrick; because it was doing him hurt to
+answer Kenrick. He was told afterwards, the boy was to come to him to
+ask a favour. He first thought to treat him rudely, on account of his
+meddling in that business; but then he considered, he had meant to do
+him all the service in his power, and he took another resolution; he
+told him he would do what he could for him, and did so; and the boy was
+satisfied. He said, he did not know how his pamphlet was done, as he had
+'read very little of it. The boy made a good figure at Oxford, but
+died.[742] He remarked, that attacks on authors did them much service.
+'A man who tells me my play is very bad, is less my enemy than he who
+lets it die in silence. A man whose business it is to be talked of, is
+much helped by being attacked.'[743] Garrick, I observed, had been often
+so helped. JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; though Garrick had more opportunities
+than almost any man, to keep the publick in mind of him, by exhibiting
+himself to such numbers, he would not have had so much reputation, had
+he not been so much attacked. Every attack produces a defence; and so
+attention is engaged. There is no sport in mere praise, when people are
+all of a mind.' BOSWELL. 'Then Hume is not the worse for Beattie's
+attack?[744]' JOHNSON. 'He is, because Beattie has confuted him. I do
+not say, but that there may be some attacks which will hurt an author.
+Though Hume suffered from Beattie, he was the better for other attacks.'
+(He certainly could not include in that number those of Dr. Adams[745],
+and Mr. Tytler[746].) BOSWELL. 'Goldsmith is the better for attacks.'
+JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; but he does not think so yet. When Goldsmith and I
+published, each of us something, at the same time[747], we were given to
+understand that we might review each other. Goldsmith was for accepting
+the offer. I said, No; set Reviewers at defiance. It was said to old
+Bentley, upon the attacks against him, "Why, they'll write you down."
+"No, Sir," he replied; "depend upon it, no man was ever written down but
+by himself[748]." 'He observed to me afterwards, that the advantages
+authors derived from attacks, were chiefly in subjects of taste, where
+you cannot confute, as so much may be said on either side.[749] He told
+me he did not know who was the authour of the _Adventures of a
+Guinea_[750], but that the bookseller had sent the first volume to him
+in manuscript, to have his opinion if it should be printed; and he
+thought it should.
+
+The weather being now somewhat better, Mr. James McDonald, factor to Sir
+Alexander McDonald in Slate, insisted that all the company at Ostig
+should go to the house at Armidale, which Sir Alexander had left, having
+gone with his lady to Edinburgh, and be his guests, till we had an
+opportunity of sailing to Mull. We accordingly got there to dinner; and
+passed our day very cheerfully, being no less than fourteen in number.
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, OCTOBER 2.
+
+Dr. Johnson said, that 'a Chief and his Lady should make their house
+like a court. They should have a certain number of the gentlemen's
+daughters to receive their education in the family, to learn pastry and
+such things from the housekeeper, and manners from my lady. That was the
+way in the great families in Wales; at Lady Salisbury's,[751] Mrs.
+Thrale's grandmother, and at Lady Philips's.[752] I distinguish the
+families by the ladies, as I speak of what was properly their province.
+There were always six young ladies at Sir John Philips's: when one was
+married, her place was filled up. There was a large school-room, where
+they learnt needle-work and other things.' I observed, that, at some
+courts in Germany, there were academies for the pages, who are the sons
+of gentlemen, and receive their education without any expence to their
+parents. Dr. Johnson said, that manners were best learned at those
+courts.' You are admitted with great facility to the prince's company,
+and yet must treat him with much respect. At a great court, you are at
+such a distance that you get no good.' I said, 'Very true: a man sees
+the court of Versailles, as if he saw it on a theatre.' He said, 'The
+best book that ever was written upon good breeding, _Il Corteggiano_, by
+Castiglione[753], grew up at the little court of Urbino, and you should
+read it.' I am glad always to have his opinion of books. At Mr.
+McPherson's, he commended Whitby's _Commentary_[754], and said, he had
+heard him called rather lax; but he did not perceive it. He had looked
+at a novel, called _The Man of the World_[755], at Rasay, but thought
+there was nothing in it. He said to-day, while reading my _Journal_,
+'This will be a great treasure to us some years hence.'
+
+Talking of a very penurious gentleman of our acquaintance[756], he
+observed, that he exceeded _L'Avare_ in the play[757]. I concurred with
+him, and remarked that he would do well, if introduced in one of Foote's
+farces; that the best way to get it done, would be to bring Foote to be
+entertained at his house for a week, and then it would be _facit
+indignatio_[758]. JOHNSON. 'Sir, I wish he had him. I, who have eaten
+his bread, will not give him to him; but I should be glad he came
+honestly by him.'
+
+He said, he was angry at Thrale, for sitting at General Oglethorpe's
+without speaking. He censured a man for degrading himself to a
+non-entity. I observed, that Goldsmith was on the other extreme; for he
+spoke at all ventures.[759] JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; Goldsmith, rather than
+not speak, will talk of what he knows himself to be ignorant, which can
+only end in exposing him.' 'I wonder, (said I,) if he feels that he
+exposes himself. If he was with two taylors,' 'Or with two founders,
+(said Dr. Johnson, interrupting me,) he would fall a talking on the
+method of making cannon, though both of them would soon see that he did
+not know what metal a cannon is made of.' We were very social and merry
+in his room this forenoon. In the evening the company danced as usual.
+We performed, with much activity, a dance which, I suppose, the
+emigration from Sky has occasioned. They call it _America_. Each of the
+couples, after the common _involutions_ and _evolutions_, successively
+whirls round in a circle, till all are in motion; and the dance seems
+intended to shew how emigration catches, till a whole neighbourhood is
+set afloat. Mrs. M'Kinnon told me, that last year when a ship sailed
+from Portree for America, the people on shore were almost distracted
+when they saw their relations go off, they lay down on the ground,
+tumbled, and tore the grass with their teeth. This year there was not a
+tear shed. The people on shore seemed to think that they would soon
+follow. This indifference is a mortal sign for the country.
+
+We danced to-night to the musick of the bagpipe, which made us beat the
+ground with prodigious force. I thought it better to endeavour to
+conciliate the kindness of the people of Sky, by joining heartily in
+their amusements, than to play the abstract scholar. I looked on this
+Tour to the Hebrides as a copartnership between Dr. Johnson and me. Each
+was to do all he could to promote its success; and I have some reason to
+flatter myself, that my gayer exertions were of service to us. Dr.
+Johnson's immense fund of knowledge and wit was a wonderful source of
+admiration and delight to them; but they had it only at times; and they
+required to have the intervals agreeably filled up, and even little
+elucidations of his learned text. I was also fortunate enough frequently
+to draw him forth to talk, when he would otherwise have been silent. The
+fountain was at times locked up, till I opened the spring. It was
+curious to hear the Hebridians, when any dispute happened while he was
+out of the room, saying, 'Stay till Dr. Johnson comes: say that
+to _him!_
+
+Yesterday, Dr. Johnson said, 'I cannot but laugh, to think of myself
+roving among the Hebrides at sixty[760]. I wonder where I shall rove at
+fourscore[761]!' This evening he disputed the truth of what is said, as
+to the people of St. Kilda catching cold whenever strangers come. 'How
+can there (said he) be a physical effect without a physical cause[762]?'
+He added, laughing, 'the arrival of a ship full of strangers would kill
+them; for, if one stranger gives them one cold, two strangers must give
+them two colds; and so in proportion.' I wondered to hear him ridicule
+this, as he had praised M'Aulay for putting it in his book: saying, that
+it was manly in him to tell a fact, however strange, if he himself
+believed it[763]. He said, the evidence was not adequate to the
+improbability of the thing; that if a physician, rather disposed to be
+incredulous, should go to St. Kilda, and report the fact, then he would
+begin to look about him. They said, it was annually proved by M'Leod's
+steward, on whose arrival all the inhabitants caught cold. He jocularly
+remarked, 'the steward always comes to demand something from them; and
+so they fall a coughing. I suppose the people in Sky all take a cold,
+when--(naming a certain person[764]) comes.' They said, he came only in
+summer. JOHNSON. 'That is out of tenderness to you. Bad weather and he,
+at the same time, would be too much.'
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, OCTOBER 3.
+
+Joseph reported that the wind was still against us. Dr. Johnson said, 'A
+wind, or not a wind? that is the question[765];' for he can amuse
+himself at times with a little play of words, or rather sentences. I
+remember when he turned his cup at Aberbrothick, where we drank tea, he
+muttered _Claudite jam rivos, pueri'_[766]. I must again and again
+apologize to fastidious readers, for recording such minute particulars.
+They prove the scrupulous fidelity of my _Journal_. Dr. Johnson said it
+was a very exact picture of a portion of his life.
+
+While we were chatting in the indolent stile of men who were to stay
+here all this day at least, we were suddenly roused at being told that
+the wind was fair, that a little fleet of herring-busses was passing by
+for Mull, and that Mr. Simpson's vessel was about to sail. Hugh
+M'Donald, the skipper, came to us, and was impatient that we should get
+ready, which we soon did. Dr. Johnson, with composure and solemnity,
+repeated the observation of Epictetus, that, 'as man has the voyage of
+death before him,--whatever may be his employment, he should be ready at
+the master's call; and an old man should never be far from the shore,
+lest he should not be able to get himself ready.' He rode, and I and the
+other gentlemen walked, about an English mile to the shore, where the
+vessel lay. Dr. Johnson said, he should never forget Sky, and returned
+thanks for all civilities. We were carried to the vessel in a small boat
+which she had, and we set sail very briskly about one o'clock. I was
+much pleased with the motion for many hours. Dr. Johnson grew sick, and
+retired under cover, as it rained a good deal. I kept above, that I
+might have fresh air, and finding myself not affected by the motion of
+the vessel, I exulted in being a stout seaman, while Dr. Johnson was
+quite in a state of annihilation. But I was soon humbled; for after
+imagining that I could go with ease to America or the East-Indies, I
+became very sick, but kept above board, though it rained hard.
+
+As we had been detained so long in Sky by bad weather, we gave up the
+scheme that Col had planned for us of visiting several islands, and
+contented ourselves with the prospect of seeing Mull, and Icolmkill and
+Inchkenneth, which lie near to it.
+
+Mr. Simpson was sanguine in his hopes for awhile, the wind being fair
+for us. He said, he would land us at Icolmkill that night. But when the
+wind failed, it was resolved we should make for the sound of Mull, and
+land in the harbour of Tobermorie. We kept near the five herring vessels
+for some time; but afterwards four of them got before us, and one little
+wherry fell behind us. When we got in full view of the point of
+Ardnamurchan, the wind changed, and was directly against our getting
+into the Sound. We were then obliged to tack, and get forward in that
+tedious manner. As we advanced, the storm grew greater, and the sea very
+rough. Col then began to talk of making for Egg, or Canna, or his own
+island. Our skipper said, he would get us into the Sound. Having
+struggled for this a good while in vain, he said, he would push forward
+till we were near the land of Mull, where we might cast anchor, and lie
+till the morning; for although, before this, there had been a good moon,
+and I had pretty distinctly seen not only the land of Mull, but up the
+Sound, and the country of Morven as at one end of it, the night was now
+grown very dark. Our crew consisted of one M'Donald, our skipper, and
+two sailors, one of whom had but one eye: Mr. Simpson himself, Col, and
+Hugh M'Donald his servant, all helped. Simpson said, he would willingly
+go for Col, if young Col or his servant would undertake to pilot us to
+a harbour; but, as the island is low land, it was dangerous to run upon
+it in the dark. Col and his servant appeared a little dubious. The
+scheme of running for Canna seemed then to be embraced; but Canna was
+ten leagues off, all out of our way; and they were afraid to attempt the
+harbour of Egg. All these different plans were successively in
+agitation. The old skipper still tried to make for the land of Mull; but
+then it was considered that there was no place there where we could
+anchor in safety. Much time was lost in striving against the storm. At
+last it became so rough, and threatened to be so much worse, that Col
+and his servant took more courage, and said they would undertake to hit
+one of the harbours in Col. 'Then let us run for it in GOD'S name,' said
+the skipper; and instantly we turned towards it. The little wherry which
+had fallen behind us had hard work. The master begged that, if we made
+for Col, we should put out a light to him. Accordingly one of the
+sailors waved a glowing peat for some time. The various difficulties
+that were started, gave me a good deal of apprehension, from which I was
+relieved, when I found we were to run for a harbour before the wind. But
+my relief was but of short duration: for I soon heard that our sails
+were very bad, and were in danger of being torn in pieces, in which case
+we should be driven upon the rocky shore of Col. It was very dark, and
+there was a heavy and incessant rain. The sparks of the burning peat
+flew so much about, that I dreaded the vessel might take fire. Then, as
+Col was a sportsman, and had powder on board, I figured that we might be
+blown up. Simpson and he appeared a little frightened, which made me
+more so; and the perpetual talking, or rather shouting, which was
+carried on in Erse, alarmed me still more. A man is always suspicious of
+what is saying in an unknown tongue; and, if fear be his passion at the
+time, he grows more afraid. Our vessel often lay so much on one side,
+that I trembled lest she should be overset, and indeed they told me
+afterwards, that they had run her sometimes to within an inch of the
+water, so anxious were they to make what haste they could before the
+night should be worse. I now saw what I never saw before, a prodigious
+sea, with immense billows coming upon a vessel, so as that it seemed
+hardly possible to escape. There was something grandly horrible in the
+sight. I am glad I have seen it once. Amidst all these terrifying
+circumstances, I endeavoured to compose my mind. It was not easy to do
+it; for all the stories that I had heard of the dangerous sailing among
+the Hebrides, which is proverbial[767], came full upon my recollection.
+When I thought of those who were dearest to me, and would suffer
+severely, should I be lost, I upbraided myself, as not having a
+sufficient cause for putting myself in such danger. Piety afforded me
+comfort; yet I was disturbed by the objections that have been made
+against a particular providence, and by the arguments of those who
+maintain that it is in vain to hope that the petitions of an individual,
+or even of congregations, can have any influence with the Deity;
+objections which have been often made, and which Dr. Hawkesworth has
+lately revived, in his Preface to the _Voyages to the South Seas_[768];
+but Dr. Ogden's excellent doctrine on the efficacy of intercession
+prevailed.
+
+It was half an hour after eleven before we set ourselves in the course
+for Col. As I saw them all busy doing something, I asked Col, with much
+earnestness, what I could do. He, with a happy readiness, put into my
+hand a rope, which was fixed to the top of one of the masts, and told me
+to hold it till he bade me pull. If I had considered the matter, I might
+have seen that this could not be of the least service; but his object
+was to keep me out of the way of those who were busy working the vessel,
+and at the same time to divert my fear, by employing me, and making me
+think that I was of use. Thus did I stand firm to my post, while the
+wind and rain beat upon me, always expecting a call to pull my rope.
+The man with one eye steered; old M'Donald, and Col and his servant, lay
+upon the fore-castle, looking sharp out for the harbour. It was
+necessary to carry much _cloth_, as they termed it, that is to say, much
+sail, in order to keep the vessel off the shore of Col. This made
+violent plunging in a rough sea. At last they spied the harbour of
+Lochiern, and Col cried, 'Thank GOD, we are safe!' We ran up till we
+were opposite to it, and soon afterwards we got into it, and
+cast anchor.
+
+Dr. Johnson had all this time been quiet and unconcerned. He had lain
+down on one of the beds, and having got free from sickness, was
+satisfied. The truth is, he knew nothing of the danger we were in[769]
+but, fearless and unconcerned, might have said, in the words which he
+has chosen for the motto to his _Rambler_,
+
+     'Quo me cunque rapit tempestas, deferor hospes.[770]'
+
+Once, during the doubtful consultations, he asked whither we were going;
+and upon being told that it was not certain whether to Mull or Col, he
+cried, 'Col for my money!' I now went down, with Col and Mr. Simpson, to
+visit him. He was lying in philosophick tranquillity with a greyhound of
+Col's at his back, keeping him warm. Col is quite the _Juvenis qui
+gaudet canibus_[771]. He had, when we left Talisker, two greyhounds,
+two terriers, a pointer, and a large Newfoundland water-dog. He lost one
+of his terriers by the road, but had still five dogs with him. I was
+very ill, and very desirous to get to shore. When I was told that we
+could not land that night, as the storm had now increased, I looked so
+miserably, as Col afterwards informed me, that what Shakspeare has made
+the Frenchman say of the English soldiers, when scantily dieted,
+_'Piteous they will look, like drowned mice!'_[772] might, I believe,
+have been well applied to me. There was in the harbour, before us, a
+Campbelltown vessel, the Betty, Kenneth Morrison master, taking in
+kelp, and bound for Ireland. We sent our boat to beg beds for two
+gentlemen, and that the master would send his boat, which was larger
+than ours. He accordingly did so, and Col and I were accommodated in his
+vessel till the morning.
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, OCTOBER 4.
+
+About eight o'clock we went in the boat to Mr. Simpson's vessel, and
+took in Dr. Johnson. He was quite well, though he had tasted nothing but
+a dish of tea since Saturday night. On our expressing some surprise at
+this, he said, that, 'when he lodged in the Temple, and had no regular
+system of life, he had fasted for two days at a time, during which he
+had gone about visiting, though not at the hours of dinner or supper;
+that he had drunk tea, but eaten no bread; that this was no intentional
+fasting, but happened just in the course of a literary life.'[773]
+
+There was a little miserable publick-house close upon the shore, to
+which we should have gone, had we landed last night: but this morning
+Col resolved to take us directly to the house of Captain Lauchlan
+M'Lean, a descendant of his family, who had acquired a fortune in the
+East-Indies, and taken a farm in Col[774]. We had about an English mile
+to go to it. Col and Joseph, and some others, ran to some little horses,
+called here _Shelties_, that were running wild on a heath, and catched
+one of them. We had a saddle with us, which was clapped upon it, and a
+straw halter was put on its head. Dr. Johnson was then mounted, and
+Joseph very slowly and gravely led the horse. I said to Dr. Johnson, 'I
+wish, Sir, _the Club_ saw you in this attitude.[775]'
+
+It was a very heavy rain, and I was wet to the skin. Captain M'Lean had
+but a poor temporary house, or rather hut; however, it was a very good
+haven to us. There was a blazing peat-fire, and Mrs. M'Lean, daughter of
+the minister of the parish, got us tea. I felt still the motion of the
+sea. Dr. Johnson said, it was not in imagination, but a continuation of
+motion on the fluids, like that of the sea itself after the storm
+is over.
+
+There were some books on the board which served as a chimney-piece. Dr.
+Johnson took up Burnet's _History of his own Times_[776]. He said, 'The
+first part of it is one of the most entertaining books in the English
+language; it is quite dramatick: while he went about every where, saw
+every where, and heard every where. By the first part, I mean so far as
+it appears that Burnet himself was actually engaged in what he has told;
+and this may be easily distinguished.' Captain M'Lean censured Burnet,
+for his high praise of Lauderdale in a dedication[777], when he shews
+him in his history to have been so bad a man. JOHNSON. 'I do not myself
+think that a man should say in a dedication what he could not say in a
+history. However, allowance should be made; for there is a great
+difference. The known style of a dedication is flattery: it professes
+to flatter. There is the same difference between what a man says in a
+dedication, and what he says in a history, as between a lawyer's
+pleading a cause, and reporting it.'
+
+The day passed away pleasantly enough. The wind became fair for Mull in
+the evening, and Mr. Simpson resolved to sail next morning: but having
+been thrown into the island of Col we were unwilling to leave it
+unexamined, especially as we considered that the Campbelltown vessel
+would sail for Mull in a day or two, and therefore we determined
+to stay.
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, OCTOBER 5.
+
+I rose, and wrote my _Journal_ till about nine; and then went to Dr.
+Johnson, who sat up in bed and talked and laughed. I said, it was
+curious to look back ten years, to the time when we first thought of
+visiting the Hebrides[778]. How distant and improbable the scheme then
+appeared! Yet here we were actually among them. 'Sir, (said he,) people
+may come to do any thing almost, by talking of it. I really believe, I
+could talk myself into building a house upon island Isa[779], though I
+should probably never come back again to see it. I could easily persuade
+Reynolds to do it; and there would be no great sin in persuading him to
+do it. Sir, he would reason thus: "What will it cost me to be there once
+in two or three summers? Why, perhaps, five hundred pounds; and what is
+that, in comparison of having a fine retreat, to which a man can go, or
+to which he can send a friend?" He would never find out that he may have
+this within twenty miles of London. Then I would tell him, that he may
+marry one of the Miss M'Leods, a lady of great family. Sir, it is
+surprising how people will go to a distance for what they may have at
+home. I knew a lady who came up from Lincolnshire to Knightsbridge with
+one of her daughters, and gave five guineas a week for a lodging and a
+warm bath; that is, mere warm water. _That_, you know, could not be had
+in _Lincolnshire_! She said, it was made either too hot or too
+cold there.'
+
+After breakfast, Dr. Johnson and I, and Joseph, mounted horses, and Col
+and the Captain walked with us about a short mile across the island. We
+paid a visit to the Reverend Mr. Hector M'Lean. His parish consists of
+the islands of Col and Tyr-yi. He was about seventy-seven years of age,
+a decent ecclesiastick, dressed in a full suit of black clothes, and a
+black wig. He appeared like a Dutch pastor, or one of the assembly of
+divines at Westminster. Dr. Johnson observed to me afterwards, 'that he
+was a fine old man, and was as well-dressed, and had as much dignity in
+his appearance as the dean of a cathedral.' We were told, that he had a
+valuable library, though but poor accommodation for it, being obliged to
+keep his books in large chests. It was curious to see him and Dr.
+Johnson together. Neither of them heard very distinctly; so each of them
+talked in his own way, and at the same time. Mr. M'Lean said, he had a
+confutation of Bayle, by Leibnitz. JOHNSON. 'A confutation of Bayle,
+Sir! What part of Bayle do you mean? The greatest part of his writings
+is not confutable: it is historical and critical.' Mr. M'Lean said, 'the
+irreligious part;' and proceeded to talk of Leibnitz's controversy with
+Clarke, calling Leibnitz a great man. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, Leibnitz
+persisted in affirming that Newton called space _sensorium numinis_,
+notwithstanding he was corrected, and desired to observe that Newton's
+words were QUASI _sensorium numinis_[780]. No, Sir; Leibnitz was as
+paltry a fellow as I know. Out of respect to Queen Caroline, who
+patronised him, Clarke treated him too well.[781]'  During the time
+that Dr. Johnson was thus going on, the old minister was standing with
+his back to the fire, cresting up erect, pulling down the front of his
+periwig, and talking what a great man Leibnitz was. To give an idea of
+the scene, would require a page with two columns; but it ought rather to
+be represented by two good players. The old gentleman said, Clarke was
+very wicked, for going so much into the Arian system[782]. 'I will not
+say he was wicked, said Dr. Johnson; he might be mistaken.' M'LEAN. 'He
+was wicked, to shut his eyes against the Scriptures; and worthy men in
+England have since confuted him to all intents and purposes.' JOHNSON.
+'I know not _who_ has confuted him to _all intents and purposes_.' Here
+again there was a double talking, each continuing to maintain his own
+argument, without hearing exactly what the other said.
+
+I regretted that Dr. Johnson did not practice the art of accommodating
+himself to different sorts of people. Had he been softer with this
+venerable old man, we might have had more conversation; but his forcible
+spirit, and impetuosity of manner, may be said to spare neither sex nor
+age. I have seen even Mrs. Thrale stunned; but I have often maintained,
+that it is better he should retain his own manner[783]. Pliability of
+address I conceive to be inconsistent with that majestick power of mind
+which he possesses, and which produces such noble effects. A lofty oak
+will not bend like a supple willow.
+
+He told me afterwards, he liked firmness in an old man, and was pleased
+to see Mr. M'Lean so orthodox. 'At his age, it is too late for a man to
+be asking himself questions as to his belief[784].'  We rode to the
+northern part of the island, where we saw the ruins of a church or
+chapel[785]. We then proceeded to a place called Grissipol, or the
+rough Pool.
+
+At Grissipol we found a good farm house, belonging to the Laird of Col,
+and possessed by Mr. M'Sweyn. On the beach here there is a singular
+variety of curious stones. I picked up one very like a small cucumber.
+By the by, Dr. Johnson told me, that Gay's line in _The Beggars Opera_,
+'As men should serve a cucumber[786],' &c. has no waggish meaning, with
+reference to men flinging away cucumbers as too _cooling_, which some
+have thought; for it has been a common saying of physicians in England,
+that a cucumber should be well sliced, and dressed with pepper and
+vinegar, and then thrown out, as good for nothing. Mr. M'Sweyn's
+predecessors had been in Sky from a very remote period, upon the estate
+belonging to M'Leod; probably before M'Leod had it The name is certainly
+Norwegian, from _Sueno_, King of Norway. The present Mr. M'Sweyn left
+Sky upon the late M'Leod's raising his rents. He then got this farm
+from Col.
+
+He appeared to be near fourscore; but looked as fresh, and was as strong
+as a man of fifty. His son Hugh looked older; and, as Dr. Johnson
+observed, had more the manners of an old man than he. I had often heard
+of such instances, but never saw one before. Mrs. M'Sweyn was a decent
+old gentlewoman. She was dressed in tartan, and could speak nothing but
+Erse. She said, she taught Sir James M'Donald Erse, and would teach me
+soon. I could now sing a verse of the song _Hatyin foam'eri_[787], made
+in honour of Allan, the famous Captain of Clanranald, who fell at
+Sherrif-muir[788]; whose servant, who lay on the field watching his
+master's dead body, being asked next day who that was, answered, 'He was
+a man yesterday.'
+
+We were entertained here with a primitive heartiness. Whiskey was served
+round in a shell, according to the ancient Highland custom. Dr. Johnson
+would not partake of it; but, being desirous to do honour to the modes
+'of other times,' drank some water out of the shell.
+
+In the forenoon Dr. Johnson said, 'it would require great resignation to
+live in one of these islands.' BOSWELL. 'I don't know, Sir; I have felt
+myself at times in a state of almost mere physical existence, satisfied
+to eat, drink, and sleep, and walk about, and enjoy my own thoughts; and
+I can figure a continuation of this.' JOHNSON. 'Ay, Sir; but if you were
+shut up here, your own thoughts would torment you. You would think of
+Edinburgh or London, and that you could not be there.'
+
+We set out after dinner for _Breacacha_, the family seat of the Laird of
+Col, accompanied by the young laird, who had now got a horse, and by the
+younger Mr. M'Sweyn, whose wife had gone thither before us, to prepare
+every thing for our reception, the laird and his family being absent at
+Aberdeen. It is called _Breacacha_, or the Spotted Field, because in
+summer it is enamelled with clover and daisies, as young Col told me. We
+passed by a place where there is a very large stone, I may call it a
+_rock_;--'a vast weight for Ajax[789].' The tradition is, that a giant
+threw such another stone at his mistress, up to the top of a hill, at a
+small distance; and that she in return, threw this mass down to
+him[790]. It was all in sport.
+
+     'Malo me petit lasciva puella[791].'
+
+As we advanced, we came to a large extent of plain ground. I had not
+seen such a place for a long time. Col and I took a gallop upon it by
+way of race. It was very refreshing to me, after having been so long
+taking short steps in hilly countries. It was like stretching a man's
+legs after being cramped in a short bed. We also passed close by a large
+extent of sand-hills, near two miles square. Dr. Johnson said, 'he never
+had the image before. It was horrible, if barrenness and danger could be
+so.' I heard him, after we were in the house of _Breacacha_, repeating
+to himself, as he walked about the room,
+
+     'And smother'd in the dusty whirlwind, dies[792].'
+
+Probably he had been thinking of the whole of the simile in _Cato_, of
+which that is the concluding line; the sandy desart had struck him so
+strongly. The sand has of late been blown over a good deal of meadow,
+and the people of the island say, that their fathers remembered much of
+the space which is now covered with sand, to have been under
+tillage[793]. Col's house is situated on a bay called _Breacacha_ Bay.
+We found here a neat new-built gentleman's house, better than any we had
+been in since we were at Lord Errol's. Dr. Johnson relished it much at
+first, but soon remarked to me, that 'there was nothing becoming a Chief
+about it: it was a mere tradesman's box[794].' He seemed quite at home,
+and no longer found any difficulty in using the Highland address; for as
+soon as we arrived, he said, with a spirited familiarity, 'Now, _Col_,
+if you could get us a dish of tea.' Dr. Johnson and I had each an
+excellent bed-chamber. We had a dispute which of us had the best
+curtains. His were rather the best, being of linen; but I insisted that
+my bed had the best posts, which was undeniable. 'Well, (said he,) if
+you _have_ the best _posts_, we will have you tied to them and whipped.'
+I mention this slight circumstance, only to shew how ready he is, even
+in mere trifles, to get the better of his antagonist, by placing him in
+a ludicrous view. I have known him sometimes use the same art, when hard
+pressed in serious disputation. Goldsmith, I remember, to retaliate for
+many a severe defeat which he has suffered from him, applied to him a
+lively saying in one of Cibber's comedies, which puts this part of his
+character in a strong light.--'There is no arguing with Johnson; for,
+_if his pistol misses fire, he knocks you down with the butt end of
+it_[795].'
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 6.
+
+After a sufficiency of sleep, we assembled at breakfast. We were just as
+if in barracks. Every body was master. We went and viewed the old castle
+of Col, which is not far from the present house, near the shore, and
+founded on a rock. It has never been a large feudal residence, and has
+nothing about it that requires a particular description. Like other old
+inconvenient buildings of the same age, it exemplified Gray's
+picturesque lines,
+
+     'Huge[796] windows that exclude the light,
+      And passages that lead to nothing.'
+
+It may however be worth mentioning, that on the second story we saw a
+vault, which was, and still is, the family prison. There was a woman put
+into it by the laird, for theft, within these ten years; and any
+offender would be confined there yet; for, from the necessity of the
+thing, as the island is remote from any power established by law, the
+laird must exercise his jurisdiction to a certain degree.
+
+We were shewn, in a corner of this vault, a hole, into which Col said
+greater criminals used to be put. It was now filled up with rubbish of
+different kinds. He said, it was of a great depth, 'Ay, (said Dr.
+Johnson, smiling,) all such places, that _are filled up_, were of a
+great depth.' He is very quick in shewing that he does not give credit
+to careless or exaggerated accounts of things. After seeing the castle,
+we looked at a small hut near it. It is called _Teigh Franchich, i.e._
+the Frenchman's House. Col could not tell us the history of it. A poor
+man with a wife and children now lived in it. We went into it, and Dr.
+Johnson gave them some charity. There was but one bed for all the
+family, and the hut was very smoky. When he came out, he said to me,
+_'Et hoc secundum sententiam philosophorum est esse beatus_[797].'
+BOSWELL. 'The philosophers, when they placed happiness in a cottage,
+supposed cleanliness and no smoke.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, they did not think
+about either.'
+
+We walked a little in the laird's garden, in which endeavours have been
+used to rear some trees; but, as soon as they got above the surrounding
+wall, they died. Dr. Johnson recommended sowing the seeds of hardy
+trees, instead of planting.
+
+Col and I rode out this morning, and viewed a part of the island. In the
+course of our ride, we saw a turnip-field, which he had hoed with his
+own hands. He first introduced this kind of husbandry into the Western
+islands[798]. We also looked at an appearance of lead, which seemed very
+promising. It has been long known; for I found letters to the late
+laird, from Sir John Areskine and Sir Alexander Murray, respecting it.
+
+After dinner came Mr. M'Lean, of Corneck, brother to Isle of Muck, who
+is a cadet of the family of Col. He possesses the two ends of Col, which
+belong to the Duke of Argyll. Corneck had lately taken a lease of them
+at a very advanced rent, rather than let the Campbells get a footing in
+the island, one of whom had offered nearly as much as he. Dr. Johnson
+well observed, that, 'landlords err much when they calculate merely
+what their land _may_ yield. The rent must be in a proportionate ratio
+of what the land may yield, and of the power of the tenant to make it
+yield. A tenant cannot make by his land, but according to the corn and
+cattle which he has. Suppose you should give him twice as much land as
+he has, it does him no good, unless he gets also more stock. It is clear
+then, that the Highland landlords, who let their substantial tenants
+leave them, are infatuated; for the poor small tenants cannot give them
+good rents, from the very nature of things. They have not the means of
+raising more from their farms[799].' Corneck, Dr. Johnson said, was the
+most distinct man that he had met with in these isles: he did not shut
+his eyes, or put his fingers in his ears, which he seemed to think was a
+good deal the mode with most of the people whom we have seen of late.
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, OCTOBER 7.
+
+Captain M'Lean joined us this morning at breakfast. There came on a
+dreadful storm of wind and rain, which continued all day, and rather
+increased at night. The wind was directly against our getting to Mull.
+We were in a strange state of abstraction from the world: we could
+neither hear from our friends, nor write to them. Col had brought Daille
+_on the Fathers_[800], Lucas _on Happiness_[801], and More's
+_Dialogues_[802], from the Reverend Mr. M'Lean's, and Burnet's _History
+of his own Times_, from Captain M'Lean's; and he had of his own some
+books of farming, and Gregory's _Geometry_[803]. Dr. Johnson read a good
+deal of Burnet, and of Gregory, and I observed he made some geometrical
+notes in the end of his pocket-book. I read a little of Young's _Six
+Weeks' Tour through the Southern Counties_; and Ovid's _Epistles_, which
+I had bought at Inverness, and which helped to solace many a weary hour.
+
+We were to have gone with Dr. Johnson this morning to see the mine; but
+were prevented by the storm. While it was raging, he said, 'We may be
+glad we are not _damnati ad metalla_.'
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, OCTOBER 8.
+
+Dr. Johnson appeared to-day very weary of our present confined
+situation. He said, 'I want to be on the main land, and go on with
+existence. This is a waste of life.'
+
+I shall here insert, without regard to chronology, some of his
+conversation at different times.
+
+'There was a man some time ago, who was well received for two years,
+among the gentlemen of Northamptonshire, by calling himself my brother.
+At last he grew so impudent as by his influence to get tenants turned
+out of their farms. Allen the Printer[804], who is of that county, came
+to me, asking, with much appearance of doubtfulness, if I had a brother;
+and upon being assured I had none alive, he told me of the imposition,
+and immediately wrote to the country, and the fellow was dismissed. It
+pleased me to hear that so much was got by using my name. It is not
+every name that can carry double; do both for a man's self and his
+brother (laughing). I should be glad to see the fellow. However, I could
+have done nothing against him. A man can have no redress for his name
+being used, or ridiculous stories being told of him in the newspapers,
+except he can shew that he has suffered damage. Some years ago a foolish
+piece was published, said to be written _by S. Johnson_. Some of my
+friends wanted me to be very angry about this. I said, it would be in
+vain; for the answer would be, "_S. Johnson_ may be Simon Johnson, or
+Simeon Johnson, or Solomon Johnson;" and even if the full name, Samuel
+Johnson, had been used, it might be said; "it is not you; it is a much
+cleverer fellow."
+
+'Beauclerk and I, and Langton, and Lady Sydney Beauclerk, mother to our
+friend, were one day driving in a coach by Cuper's Gardens[805], which
+were then unoccupied. I, in sport, proposed that Beauclerk and Langton,
+and myself should take them; and we amused ourselves with scheming how
+we should all do our parts. Lady Sydney grew angry, and said, "an old
+man should not put such things in young people's heads." She had no
+notion of a joke, Sir; had come late into life, and had a mighty
+unpliable understanding.
+
+'_Carte's Life of the Duke of Ormond_ is considered as a book of
+authority; but it is ill-written. The matter is diffused in too many
+words; there is no animation, no compression, no vigour. Two good
+volumes in duodecimo might be made out of the two in folio[806].
+
+Talking of our confinement here, I observed, that our discontent and
+impatience could not be considered as very unreasonable; for that we
+were just in the state of which Seneca complains so grievously, while in
+exile in Corsica[807]. 'Yes, (said Dr. Johnson,) and he was not farther
+from home than we are.' The truth is, he was much nearer.
+
+There was a good deal of rain to-day, and the wind was still contrary.
+Corneck attended me, while I amused myself in examining a collection of
+papers belonging to the family of Col. The first laird was a younger son
+of the Chieftain M'Lean, and got the middle part of Col for his
+patrimony. Dr. Johnson having given a very particular account[808] of
+the connection between this family and a branch of the family of
+Camerons, called M'Lonich, I shall only insert the following document,
+(which I found in Col's cabinet,) as a proof of its continuance, even to
+a late period:--
+
+TO THE LAIRD OF COL.
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+
+'The long-standing tract of firm affectionate friendship 'twixt your
+worthy predecessors and ours affords us such assurance, as that we may
+have full relyance on your favour and undoubted friendship, in
+recommending the bearer, Ewen Cameron, our cousin, son to the deceast
+Dugall M'Connill of Innermaillie, sometime in Glenpean, to your favour
+and conduct, who is a man of undoubted honesty and discretion, only
+that he has the misfortune of being alledged to have been accessory to
+the killing of one of M'Martin's family about fourteen years ago, upon
+which alledgeance the M'Martins are now so sanguine on revenging, that
+they are fully resolved for the deprivation of his life; to the
+preventing of which you are relyed on by us, as the only fit instrument,
+and a most capable person. Therefore your favour and protection is
+expected and intreated, during his good behaviour; and failing of which
+behaviour, you'll please to use him as a most insignificant
+person deserves.
+
+'Sir, he had, upon the alledgeance foresaid, been transported, at
+Lochiel's desire, to France, to gratify the M'Martins, and upon his
+return home, about five years ago, married: But now he is so much
+threatened by the M'Martins, that he is not secure enough to stay where
+he is, being Ardmurchan, which occasions this trouble to you. Wishing
+prosperity and happiness to attend still yourself, worthy Lady, and good
+family, we are, in the most affectionate manner,
+
+'Dear Sir,
+
+'Your most obliged, affectionate,
+    'And most humble Servants,
+        'DUGALL CAMERON, _of Strone_.
+         DUGALL CAMERON, _of Barr_.
+         DUGALL CAMERON, _of Inveriskvouilline_.
+         DUGALL CAMERON, _of Invinvalie_.'
+
+'Strone, 11th March, 1737.'
+
+Ewen Cameron was protected, and his son has now a farm from the Laird of
+Col, in Mull.
+
+The family of Col was very loyal in the time of the great Montrose[809],
+from whom I found two letters in his own handwriting. The first is
+as follows:--
+
+FOR MY VERY LOVING FRIEND THE LAIRD OF COALL.
+
+'Sir,
+
+'I must heartily thank you for all your willingness and good affection
+to his Majesty's service, and particularly the sending alongs of your
+son, to who I will heave ane particular respect, hopeing also that you
+will still continue ane goode instrument for the advanceing ther of the
+King's service, for which, and all your former loyal carriages, be
+confident you shall find the effects of his Ma's favour, as they can be
+witnessed you by
+
+     'Your very faithful friende,
+     'MONTROSE.'
+
+'Strethearne, 20 Jan. 1646.'
+
+The other is:--
+
+     'FOR THE LAIRD OF COL.
+
+'SIR,
+
+'Having occasion to write to your fields, I cannot be forgetful of your
+willingness and good affection to his Majesty's service. I acknowledge
+to you, and thank you heartily for it, assuring, that in what lies in my
+power, you shall find the good. Meanwhile, I shall expect that you will
+continue your loyal endeavours, in wishing those slack people that are
+about you, to appear more obedient than they do, and loyal in their
+prince's service; whereby I assure you, you shall find me ever
+
+     'Your faithful friend,
+     'MONTROSE[810].'
+
+'Petty, 17 April, 1646.'
+
+I found some uncouth lines on the death of the present laird's father,
+intituled 'Nature's Elegy upon the death of Donald Maclean of Col.' They
+are not worth insertion. I shall only give what is called his Epitaph,
+which Dr. Johnson said, 'was not so very bad.'
+
+     'Nature's minion, Virtue's wonder,
+      Art's corrective here lyes under.'
+
+I asked, what 'Art's corrective' meant. 'Why, Sir, (said he,) that the
+laird was so exquisite, that he set art right, when she was wrong.'
+
+I found several letters to the late Col, from my father's old companion
+at Paris, Sir Hector M'Lean, one of which was written at the time of
+settling the colony in Georgia[811]. It dissuades Col from letting
+people go there, and assures him there will soon be an opportunity of
+employing them better at home. Hence it appears that emigration from
+the Highlands, though not in such numbers at a time as of late, has
+always been practised. Dr. Johnson observed that 'the Lairds, instead of
+improving their country, diminished their people.'
+
+There are several districts of sandy desart in Col. There are
+forty-eight lochs of fresh water; but many of them are very small,--meer
+pools. About one half of them, however, have trout and eel. There is a
+great number of horses in the island, mostly of a small size. Being
+over-stocked, they sell some in Tir-yi, and on the main land. Their
+black cattle, which are chiefly rough-haired, are reckoned remarkably
+good. The climate being very mild in winter, they never put their beasts
+in any house. The lakes are never frozen so as to bear a man; and snow
+never lies above a few hours. They have a good many sheep, which they
+eat mostly themselves, and sell but a few. They have goats in several
+places. There are no foxes; no serpents, toads, or frogs, nor any
+venomous creature. They have otters and mice here; but had no rats till
+lately that an American vessel brought them. There is a rabbit-warren on
+the north-east of the island, belonging to the Duke of Argyle. Young Col
+intends to get some hares, of which there are none at present. There are
+no black-cock, muir-fowl[812], nor partridges; but there are snipe,
+wild-duck, wild-geese, and swans, in winter; wild-pidgeons, plover, and
+great number of starlings; of which I shot some, and found them pretty
+good eating. Woodcocks come hither, though there is not a tree upon the
+island. There are no rivers in Col; but only some brooks, in which there
+is a great variety of fish. In the whole isle there are but three hills,
+and none of them considerable for a Highland country. The people are
+very industrious. Every man can tan. They get oak, and birch-bark, and
+lime, from the main land. Some have pits; but they commonly use tubs. I
+saw brogues[813] very well tanned; and every man can make them. They all
+make candles of the tallow of their beasts, both moulded and dipped; and
+they all make oil of the livers of fish. The little fish called Cuddies
+produce a great deal. They sell some oil out of the island, and they use
+it much for light in their houses, in little iron lamps, most of which
+they have from England; but of late their own blacksmith makes them. He
+is a good workman; but he has no employment in shoeing horses, for they
+all go unshod here, except some of a better kind belonging to young Col,
+which were now in Mull. There are two carpenters in Col; but most of the
+inhabitants can do something as boat-carpenters. They can all dye. Heath
+is used for yellow; and for red, a moss which grows on stones. They make
+broad-cloth, and tartan, and linen, of their own wool and flax,
+sufficient for their own use; as also stockings. Their bonnets come from
+the mainland. Hard-ware and several small articles are brought annually
+from Greenock, and sold in the only shop in the island, which is kept
+near the house, or rather hut, used for publick worship, there being no
+church in the island. The inhabitants of Col have increased considerably
+within these thirty years, as appears from the parish registers. There
+are but three considerable tacksmen on Col's part of the island[814]:
+the rest is let to small tenants, some of whom pay so low a rent as
+four, three, or even two guineas. The highest is seven pounds, paid by a
+farmer, whose son goes yearly on foot to Aberdeen for education, and in
+summer returns, and acts as a schoolmaster in Col. Dr. Johnson said,
+'There is something noble in a young man's walking two hundred miles and
+back again, every year, for the sake of learning[815].'
+
+This day a number of people came to Col, with complaints of each others'
+trespasses. Corneck, to prevent their being troublesome, told them, that
+the lawyer from Edinburgh was here, and if they did not agree, he would
+take them to task. They were alarmed at this; said, they had never been
+used to go to law, and hoped Col would settle matters himself. In the
+evening Corneck left us.
+
+As, in our present confinement, any thing that had even the name of
+curious was an object of attention, I proposed that Col should shew me
+the great stone, mentioned in a former page[816], as having been thrown
+by a giant to the top of a mountain. Dr. Johnson, who did not like to be
+left alone, said he would accompany us as far as riding was practicable.
+We ascended a part of the hill on horseback, and Col and I scrambled up
+the rest. A servant held our horses, and Dr. Johnson placed himself on
+the ground, with his back against a large fragment of rock. The wind
+being high, he let down the cocks of his hat, and tied it with his
+handkerchief under his chin. While we were employed in examining the
+stone, which did not repay our trouble in getting to it, he amused
+himself with reading _Gataker on Lots and on the Christian Watch[817],_
+a very learned book, of the last age, which had been found in the garret
+of Col's house, and which he said was a treasure here. When we descried
+him from above, he had a most eremitical appearance; and on our return
+told us, he had been so much engaged by Gataker, that he had never
+missed us. His avidity for variety of books, while we were in Col, was
+frequently expressed; and he often complained that so few were within
+his reach. Upon which I observed to him, that it was strange he should
+complain of want of books, when he could at any time make such
+good ones.
+
+We next proceeded to the lead mine. In our way we came to a strand of
+some extent, where we were glad to take a gallop, in which my learned
+friend joined with great alacrity. Dr. Johnson, mounted on a large bay
+mare without shoes, and followed by a foal, which had some difficulty in
+keeping up with him, was a singular spectacle.
+
+After examining the mine, we returned through a very uncouth district,
+full of sand hills; down which, though apparent precipices, our horses
+carried us with safety, the sand always gently sliding away from their
+feet. Vestiges of houses were pointed out to us, which Col, and two
+others who had joined us, asserted had been overwhelmed with sand blown
+over them. But, on going close to one of them, Dr. Johnson shewed the
+absurdity of the notion, by remarking, that 'it was evidently only a
+house abandoned, the stones of which had been taken away for other
+purposes; for the large stones, which form the lower part of the walls,
+were still standing higher than the sand. If _they_ were not blown over,
+it was clear nothing higher than they could be blown over.' This was
+quite convincing to me; but it made not the least impression on Col and
+the others, who were not to be argued out of a Highland tradition.
+
+We did not sit down to dinner till between six and seven. We lived
+plentifully here, and had a true welcome. In such a season good firing
+was of no small importance. The peats were excellent, and burned
+cheerfully. Those at Dunvegan, which were damp, Dr. Johnson called 'a
+sullen fuel.' Here a Scottish phrase was singularly applied to him. One
+of the company having remarked that he had gone out on a stormy evening,
+and brought in a supply of peats from the stack, old Mr. M'Sweyn said,
+'that was _main honest_[818]!'
+
+Blenheim being occasionally mentioned, he told me he had never seen
+it[819]: he had not gone formerly; and he would not go now, just as a
+common spectator, for his money: he would not put it in the power of
+some man about the Duke of Marlborough to say, 'Johnson was here; I knew
+him, but I took no notice of him[820].' He said, he should be very glad
+to see it, if properly invited, which in all probability would never be
+the case, as it was not worth his while to seek for it. I observed, that
+he might be easily introduced there by a common friend of ours, nearly
+related to the duke[821]. He answered, with an uncommon attention to
+delicacy of feeling, 'I doubt whether our friend be on such a footing
+with the duke as to carry any body there; and I would not give him the
+uneasiness of seeing that I knew he was not, or even of being himself
+reminded of it.'
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, OCTOBER 10.
+
+There was this day the most terrible storm of wind and rain that I ever
+remember[822]. It made such an awful impression on us all, as to
+produce, for some time, a kind of dismal quietness in the house. The day
+was passed without much conversation: only, upon my observing that there
+must be something bad in a man's mind, who does not like to give leases
+to his tenants, but wishes to keep them in a perpetual wretched
+dependance on his will, Dr. Johnson said, 'You are right: it is a man's
+duty to extend comfort and security among as many people as he can. He
+should not wish to have his tenants mere _Ephemerae_,--mere beings of an
+hour[823].' BOSWELL. 'But, Sir, if they have leases is there not some
+danger that they may grow insolent? I remember you yourself once told
+me, an English tenant was so independent, that, if provoked, he would
+_throw_ his rent at his landlord.' JOHNSON. 'Depend upon it, Sir, it is
+the landlord's own fault, if it is thrown at him. A man may always keep
+his tenants in dependence enough, though they have leases. He must be a
+good tenant indeed, who will not fall behind in his rent, if his
+landlord will let him; and if he does fall behind, his landlord has him
+at his mercy. Indeed, the poor man is always much at the mercy of the
+rich; no matter whether landlord or tenant. If the tenant lets his
+landlord have a little rent beforehand, or has lent him money, then the
+landlord is in his power. There cannot be a greater man than a tenant
+who has lent money to his landlord; for he has under subjection the very
+man to whom he should be subjected.'
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, OCTOBER II.
+
+We had some days ago engaged the Campbelltown vessel to carry us to
+Mull, from the harbour where she lay. The morning was fine, and the wind
+fair and moderate; so we hoped at length to get away.
+
+Mrs. M'Sweyn, who officiated as our landlady here, had never been on the
+main land. On hearing this, Dr. Johnson said to me, before her, 'That is
+rather being behind-hand with life. I would at least go and see
+Glenelg.' BOSWELL. 'You yourself, Sir, have never seen, till now, any
+thing but your native island.' JOHNSON. 'But, Sir, by seeing London, I
+have seen as much of life as the world can shew[824].' BOSWELL. 'You
+have not seen Pekin.' JOHNSON. 'What is Pekin? Ten thousand Londoners
+would _drive_ all the people of Pekin: they would drive them like deer.'
+
+We set out about eleven for the harbour; but, before we reached it, so
+violent a storm came on, that we were obliged again to take shelter in
+the house of Captain M'Lean, where we dined, and passed the night.
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, OCTOBER 12.
+
+After breakfast, we made a second attempt to get to the harbour; but
+another storm soon convinced us that it would be in vain. Captain
+M'Lean's house being in some confusion, on account of Mrs. M'Lean being
+expected to lie-in, we resolved to go to Mr. M'Sweyn's, where we arrived
+very wet, fatigued, and hungry. In this situation, we were somewhat
+disconcerted by being told that we should have no dinner till late in
+the evening, but should have tea in the mean time. Dr. Johnson opposed
+this arrangement; but they persisted, and he took the tea very readily.
+He said to me afterwards, 'You must consider, Sir, a dinner here is a
+matter of great consequence. It is a thing to be first planned, and then
+executed. I suppose the mutton was brought some miles off, from some
+place where they knew there was a sheep killed.'
+
+Talking of the good people with whom we were, he said, 'Life has not got
+at all forward by a generation in M'Sweyn's family; for the son is
+exactly formed upon the father. What the father says, the son says; and
+what the father looks, the son looks.'
+
+There being little conversation to-night, I must endeavour to recollect
+what I may have omitted on former occasions. When I boasted, at Rasay,
+of my independency of spirit, and that I could not be bribed, he said,
+'Yes, you may be bribed by flattery.' At the Reverend Mr. M'Lean's, Dr.
+Johnson asked him, if the people of Col had any superstitions. He said,
+'No.' The cutting peats at the increase of the moon was mentioned as
+one; but he would not allow it, saying, it was not a superstition, but a
+whim. Dr. Johnson would not admit the distinction. There were many
+superstitions, he maintained, not connected with religion; and this was
+one of them[825]. On Monday we had a dispute at the Captain's, whether
+sand-hills could be fixed down by art. Dr. Johnson said, 'How _the
+devil_ can you do it?' but instantly corrected himself, 'How can you do
+it[826]?' I never before heard him use a phrase of that nature.
+
+He has particularities which it is impossible to explain[827]. He never
+wears a night-cap, as I have already mentioned; but he puts a
+handkerchief on his head in the night. The day that we left Talisker, he
+bade us ride on. He then turned the head of his horse back towards
+Talisker, stopped for some time; then wheeled round to the same
+direction with ours, and then came briskly after us. He sets open a
+window in the coldest day or night, and stands before it. It may do with
+his constitution; but most people, amongst whom I am one, would say,
+with the frogs in the fable, 'This may be sport to you; but it is death
+to us.' It is in vain to try to find a meaning in every one of his
+particularities, which, I suppose, are mere habits, contracted by
+chance; of which every man has some that are more or less remarkable.
+His speaking to himself, or rather repeating, is a common habit with
+studious men accustomed to deep thinking; and, in consequence of their
+being thus rapt, they will even laugh by themselves, if the subject
+which they are musing on is a merry one. Dr. Johnson is often uttering
+pious ejaculations, when he appears to be talking to himself; for
+sometimes his voice grows stronger, and parts of the Lord's Prayer are
+heard[828]. I have sat beside him with more than ordinary reverence on
+such occasions[829].
+
+In our Tour, I observed that he was disgusted whenever he met with
+coarse manners. He said to me, 'I know not how it is, but I cannot bear
+low life[830]: and I find others, who have as good a right as I to be
+fastidious, bear it better, by having mixed more with different sorts of
+men. You would think that I have mixed pretty well too.'
+
+He read this day a good deal of my _Journal_, written in a small book
+with which he had supplied me, and was pleased, for he said, 'I wish thy
+books were twice as big.' He helped me to fill up blanks which I had
+left in first writing it, when I was not quite sure of what he had said,
+and he corrected any mistakes that I had made. 'They call me a scholar,
+(said he,) and yet how very little literature is there in my
+conversation.' BOSWELL. 'That, Sir, must be according to your company.
+You would not give literature to those who cannot taste it. Stay till we
+meet Lord Elibank.'
+
+We had at last a good dinner, or rather supper, and were very well
+satisfied with our entertainment.
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 13.
+
+Col called me up, with intelligence that it was a good day for a passage
+to Mull; and just as we rose, a sailor from the vessel arrived for us.
+We got all ready with dispatch. Dr. Johnson was displeased at my
+bustling, and walking quickly up and down. He said, 'It does not hasten
+us a bit. It is getting on horseback in a ship[831]. All boys do it; and
+you are longer a boy than others.' He himself has no alertness, or
+whatever it may be called; so he may dislike it, as _Oderunt hilarem
+tristes[832]._
+
+Before we reached the harbour, the wind grew high again. However, the
+small boat was waiting and took us on board. We remained for some time
+in uncertainty what to do: at last it was determined, that, as a good
+part of the day was over, and it was dangerous to be at sea at night, in
+such a vessel, and such weather, we should not sail till the morning
+tide, when the wind would probably be more gentle. We resolved not to go
+ashore again, but lie here in readiness. Dr. Johnson and I had each a
+bed in the cabin. Col sat at the fire in the fore-castle, with the
+captain, and Joseph, and the rest. I eat some dry oatmeal, of which I
+found a barrel in the cabin. I had not done this since I was a boy. Dr.
+Johnson owned that he too was fond of it when a boy[833]; a circumstance
+which I was highly pleased to hear from him, as it gave me an
+opportunity of observing that, notwithstanding his joke on the article
+of OATS[834], he was himself a proof that this kind of _food_ was not
+peculiar to the people of Scotland.
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, OCTOBER 14.
+
+When Dr. Johnson awaked this morning, he called _'Lanky!'_ having, I
+suppose, been thinking of Langton; but corrected himself instantly, and
+cried, _'Bozzy!'_ He has a way of contracting the names of his friends.
+Goldsmith feels himself so important now, as to be displeased at it. I
+remember one day, when Tom Davies was telling that Dr. Johnson said, We
+are all in labour for a name to _Goldy's_ play,' Goldsmith cried 'I have
+often desired him not to call me _Goldy[835].'_
+
+Between six and seven we hauled our anchor, and set sail with a fair
+breeze; and, after a pleasant voyage, we got safely and agreeably into
+the harbour of Tobermorie, before the wind rose, which it always has
+done, for some days, about noon.  Tobermorie is an excellent harbour.
+An island lies before it, and it is surrounded by a hilly theatre[836].
+The island is too low, otherwise this would be quite a secure port; but,
+the island not being a sufficient protection, some storms blow very hard
+here. Not long ago, fifteen vessels were blown from their moorings.
+There are sometimes sixty or seventy sail here: to-day there were twelve
+or fourteen vessels. To see such a fleet was the next thing to seeing a
+town. The vessels were from different places; Clyde, Campbelltown,
+Newcastle, &c. One was returning to Lancaster from Hamburgh. After
+having been shut up so long in Col, the sight of such an assemblage of
+moving habitations, containing such a variety of people, engaged in
+different pursuits, gave me much gaiety of spirit. When we had landed,
+Dr. Johnson said, 'Boswell is now all alive. He is like Antaeus; he gets
+new vigour whenever he touches the ground.' I went to the top of a hill
+fronting the harbour, from whence I had a good view of it. We had here a
+tolerable inn. Dr. Johnson had owned to me this morning, that he was out
+of humour. Indeed, he shewed it a good deal in the ship; for when I was
+expressing my joy on the prospect of our landing in Mull, he said, he
+had no joy, when he recollected that it would be five days before he
+should get to the main land. I was afraid he would now take a sudden
+resolution to give up seeing Icolmkill. A dish of tea, and some good
+bread and butter, did him service, and his bad humour went off. I told
+him, that I was diverted to hear all the people whom we had visited in
+our tour, say, _'Honest man!_ he's pleased with every thing; he's always
+content!'--'Little do they know,' said I. He laughed, and said, 'You
+rogue[837]!'
+
+We sent to hire horses to carry us across the island of Mull to the
+shore opposite to Inchkenneth, the residence of Sir Allan M'Lean, uncle
+to young Col, and Chief of the M'Leans, to whose house we intended to go
+the next day. Our friend Col went to visit his aunt, the wife of Dr.
+Alexander M'Lean, a physician, who lives about a mile from Tobermorie.
+
+Dr. Johnson and I sat by ourselves at the inn, and talked a good deal. I
+told him, that I had found, in Leandro Alberti's Description of Italy,
+much of what Addison has given us in his _Remarks_[838]. He said, 'The
+collection of passages from the Classicks has been made by another
+Italian: it is, however, impossible to detect a man as a plagiary in
+such a case, because all who set about making such a collection must
+find the same passages; but, if you find the same applications in
+another book, then Addison's learning in his _Remarks_ tumbles down. It
+is a tedious book; and, if it were not attached to Addison's previous
+reputation, one would not think much of it. Had he written nothing else,
+his name would not have lived. Addison does not seem to have gone deep
+in Italian literature: he shews nothing of it in his subsequent
+writings. He shews a great deal of French learning. There is, perhaps,
+more knowledge circulated in the French language than in any other[839].
+There is more original knowledge in English.' 'But the French (said I)
+have the art of accommodating[840] literature.' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir: we
+have no such book as Moreri's _Dictionary_[841].' BOSWELL. 'Their
+_Ana_[842] are good.' JOHNSON. 'A few of them are good; but we have one
+book of that kind better than any of them; Selden's _Table-talk_. As to
+original literature, the French have a couple of tragick poets who go
+round the world, Racine and Corneille, and one comick poet, Moliere.'
+BOSWELL. 'They have Fenelon.' JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, _Telemachus_ is pretty
+well.' BOSWELL. 'And Voltaire, Sir.' JOHNSON. 'He has not stood his
+trial yet. And what makes Voltaire chiefly circulate is collection; such
+as his _Universal History_.' BOSWELL. 'What do you say to the Bishop of
+Meaux?' JOHNSON. 'Sir, nobody reads him[843].' He would not allow
+Massilon and Bourdaloue to go round the world. In general, however, he
+gave the French much praise for their industry.
+
+He asked me whether he had mentioned, in any of the papers of the
+_Rambler_, the description in Virgil of the entrance into Hell, with an
+application to the press; 'for (said he) I do not much remember them.' I
+told him, 'No.' Upon which he repeated it:--
+
+     'Vestibulum ante ipsum, primisque in faucibus orci,
+      Luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae;
+      Pallentesque habitant Morbi, tristisque Senectus,
+      Et metus, et malesuada Fames, et turpis Egestas,
+      Terribiles visu formae; Lethumque, Laborque[844].'
+
+'Now, (said he) almost all these apply exactly to an authour: all these
+are the concomitants of a printing-house. I proposed to him to dictate
+an essay on it, and offered to write it. He said, he would not do it
+then, but perhaps would write one at some future period.
+
+The Sunday evening that we sat by ourselves at Aberdeen, I asked him
+several particulars of his life, from his early years, which he readily
+told me; and I wrote them down before him. This day I proceeded in my
+inquiries, also writing them in his presence. I have them on detached
+sheets. I shall collect authentick materials for THE LIFE OF SAMUEL
+JOHNSON, LL.D.; and, if I survive him, I shall be one who will most
+faithfully do honour to his memory. I have now a vast treasure of his
+conversation, at different times, since the year 1762[845], when I first
+obtained his acquaintance; and, by assiduous inquiry, I can make up for
+not knowing him sooner[846].
+
+A Newcastle ship-master, who happened to be in the house, intruded
+himself upon us. He was much in liquor, and talked nonsense about his
+being a man for _Wilkes and Liberty_, and against the ministry. Dr.
+Johnson was angry, that 'a fellow should come into _our_ company, who
+was fit for _no_ company.' He left us soon.
+
+Col returned from his aunt, and told us, she insisted that we should
+come to her house that night. He introduced to us Mr. Campbell, the Duke
+of Argyle's factor in Tyr-yi. He was a genteel, agreeable man. He was
+going to Inverary, and promised to put letters into the post-office for
+us[847]. I now found that Dr. Johnson's desire to get on the main land,
+arose from his anxiety to have an opportunity of conveying letters to
+his friends.
+
+After dinner, we proceeded to Dr. M'Lean's, which was about a mile from
+our inn. He was not at home, but we were received by his lady and
+daughter, who entertained us so well, that Dr. Johnson seemed quite
+happy. When we had supped, he asked me to give him some paper to write
+letters. I begged he would write short ones, and not _expatiate_, as we
+ought to set off early. He was irritated by this, and said, 'What must
+be done; must be done: the thing is past a joke.' 'Nay, Sir, (said I,)
+write as much as you please; but do not blame me, if we are kept six
+days before we get to the main land. You were very impatient in the
+morning: but no sooner do you find yourself in good quarters, than you
+forget that you are to move.' I got him paper enough, and we parted in
+good humour.
+
+Let me now recollect whatever particulars I have omitted. In the morning
+I said to him, before we landed at Tobermorie, 'We shall see Dr. M'Lean,
+who has written _The History of the M'Leans'_. JOHNSON. 'I have no great
+patience to stay to hear the history of the M'Leans. I would rather hear
+the History of the Thrales.' When on Mull, I said, 'Well, Sir, this is
+the fourth of the Hebrides that we have been upon.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, we
+cannot boast of the number we have seen. We thought we should see many
+more. We thought of sailing about easily from island to island; and so
+we should, had we come at a better season[848]; but we, being wise men,
+thought it would be summer all the year where _we_ were. However, Sir,
+we have seen enough to give us a pretty good notion of the system of
+insular life.'
+
+Let me not forget, that he sometimes amused himself with very slight
+reading; from which, however, his conversation shewed that he contrived
+to extract some benefit. At Captain M'Lean's he read a good deal in _The
+Charmer_, a collection of songs[849].
+
+We this morning found that we could not proceed, there being a violent
+storm of wind and rain, and the rivers being impassable. When I
+expressed my discontent at our confinement, Dr. Johnson said, 'Now that
+I have had an opportunity of writing to the main land, I am in no such
+haste.' I was amused with his being so easily satisfied; for the truth
+was, that the gentleman who was to convey our letters, as I was now
+informed, was not to set out for Inverary for some time; so that it was
+probable we should be there as soon as he: however, I did not undeceive
+my friend, but suffered him to enjoy his fancy.
+
+Dr. Johnson asked, in the evening, to see Dr. M'Lean's books. He took
+down Willis _de Anima Brutorum_[850], and pored over it a good deal.
+
+Miss M'Lean produced some Erse poems by John M'Lean, who was a famous
+bard in Mull, and had died only a few years ago. He could neither read
+nor write. She read and translated two of them; one, a kind of elegy on
+Sir John M'Lean's being obliged to fly his country in 1715; another, a
+dialogue between two Roman Catholick young ladies, sisters, whether it
+was better to be a nun or to marry. I could not perceive much poetical
+imagery in the translation. Yet all of our company who understood Erse,
+seemed charmed with the original. There may, perhaps, be some choice of
+expression, and some excellence of arrangement, that cannot be shewn in
+translation.
+
+After we had exhausted the Erse poems, of which Dr. Johnson said
+nothing, Miss M'Lean gave us several tunes on a spinnet, which, though
+made so long ago as in 1667, was still very well toned. She sung along
+with it. Dr. Johnson seemed pleased with the musick, though he owns he
+neither likes it, nor has hardly any perception of it. At Mr.
+M'Pherson's, in Slate, he told us, that 'he knew a drum from a trumpet,
+and a bagpipe from a guittar, which was about the extent of his
+knowledge of musick.' To-night he said, that, 'if he had learnt musick,
+he should have been afraid he would have done nothing else but play. It
+was a method of employing the mind without the labour of thinking at
+all, and with some applause from a man's self[851].'
+
+We had the musick of the bagpipe every day, at Armidale, Dunvegan, and
+Col. Dr. Johnson appeared fond of it, and used often to stand for some
+time with his ear close to the great drone.
+
+The penurious gentleman of our acquaintance, formerly alluded to[852],
+afforded us a topick of conversation to-night. Dr. Johnson said, I ought
+to write down a collection of the instances of his narrowness, as they
+almost exceeded belief. Col told us, that O'Kane, the famous Irish
+harper, was once at that gentleman's house. He could not find in his
+heart to give him any money, but gave him a key for a harp, which was
+finely ornamented with gold and silver, and with a precious stone, and
+was worth eighty or a hundred guineas. He did not know the value of it;
+and when he came to know it, he would fain have had it back; but O'Kane
+took care that he should not. JOHNSON. 'They exaggerate the value; every
+body is so desirous that he should be fleeced. I am very willing it
+should be worth eighty or a hundred guineas; but I do not believe it.'
+BOSWELL. 'I do not think O'Kane was obliged to give it back.' JOHNSON.
+'No, Sir. If a man with his eyes open, and without any means used to
+deceive him, gives me a thing, I am not to let him have it again when he
+grows wiser. I like to see how avarice defeats itself: how, when
+avoiding to part with money, the miser gives something more valuable.'
+Col said, the gentleman's relations were angry at his giving away the
+harp-key, for it had been long in the family. JOHNSON. 'Sir, he values a
+new guinea more than an old friend.'
+
+Col also told us, that the same person having come up with a serjeant
+and twenty men, working on the high road, he entered into discourse with
+the serjeant, and then gave him sixpence for the men to drink. The
+serjeant asked, 'Who is this fellow?'. Upon being informed, he said, 'If
+I had known who he was, I should have thrown it in his face.' JOHNSON.
+'There is much want of sense in all this. He had no business to speak
+with the serjeant. He might have been in haste, and trotted on. He has
+not learnt to be a miser: I believe we must take him apprentice.'
+BOSWELL. 'He would grudge giving half a guinea to be taught.' JOHNSON.
+'Nay, Sir, you must teach him _gratis_. You must give him an opportunity
+to practice your precepts.'
+
+Let me now go back, and glean _Johnsoniana_. The Saturday before we
+sailed from Slate, I sat awhile in the afternoon, with Dr. Johnson in
+his room, in a quiet serious frame. I observed, that hardly any man was
+accurately prepared for dying; but almost every one left something
+undone, something in confusion; that my father, indeed, told me he knew
+one man, (Carlisle of Limekilns,) after whose death all his papers were
+found in exact order; and nothing was omitted in his will. JOHNSON.
+'Sir, I had an uncle who died so; but such attention requires great
+leisure, and great firmness of mind. If one was to think constantly of
+death, the business of life would stand still. I am no friend to making
+religion appear too hard. Many good people have done harm by giving
+severe notions of it. In the same way, as to learning: I never frighten
+young people with difficulties; on the contrary, I tell them that they
+may very easily get as much as will do very well. I do not indeed tell
+them that they will be _Bentleys_!
+
+The night we rode to Col's house, I said, 'Lord Elibank is probably
+wondering what is become of us.' JOHNSON. 'No, no; he is not thinking of
+us.' BOSWELL. 'But recollect the warmth with which he wrote[853]. Are we
+not to believe a man, when he says he has a great desire to see another?
+Don't you believe that I was very impatient for your coming to
+Scotland?' JOHNSON. 'Yes, Sir; I believe you were; and I was impatient
+to come to you. A young man feels so, but seldom an old man.' I however
+convinced him that Lord Elibank, who has much of the spirit of a young
+man, might feel so. He asked me if our jaunt had answered expectation. I
+said it had much exceeded it. I expected much difficulty with him, and
+had not found it. 'And (he added) wherever we have come, we have been
+received like princes in their progress.'
+
+He said, he would not wish not to be disgusted in the Highlands; for
+that would be to lose the power of distinguishing, and a man might then
+lie down in the middle of them. He wished only to conceal his disgust.
+
+At Captain M'Lean's, I mentioned Pope's friend, Spence. JOHNSON. 'He was
+a weak conceited man[854].' BOSWELL. 'A good scholar, Sir?' JOHNSON.
+'Why, no, Sir.' BOSWELL. 'He was a pretty scholar.' JOHNSON. 'You have
+about reached him.'
+
+Last night at the inn, when the factor in Tyr-yi spoke of his having
+heard that a roof was put on some part of the buildings at Icolmkill, I
+unluckily said, 'It will be fortunate if we find a cathedral with a roof
+on it.' I said this from a foolish anxiety to engage Dr. Johnson's
+curiosity more. He took me short at once. 'What, Sir? how can you talk
+so? If we shall _find_ a cathedral roofed! as if we were going to a
+_terra incognita_; when every thing that is at Icolmkill is so well
+known. You are like some New-England-men who came to the mouth of the
+Thames. "Come, (say they,) let us go up and see what sort of inhabitants
+there are here." They talked, Sir, as if they had been to go up the
+Susquehannah, or any other American river.'
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, OCTOBER 16.
+
+This day there was a new moon, and the weather changed for the better.
+Dr. Johnson said of Miss M'Lean, 'She is the most accomplished lady that
+I have found in the Highlands. She knows French, musick, and drawing,
+sews neatly, makes shellwork, and can milk cows; in short, she can do
+every thing. She talks sensibly, and is the first person whom I have
+found, that can translate Erse poetry literally[855].' We set out,
+mounted on little Mull horses. Mull corresponded exactly with the idea
+which I had always had of it; a hilly country, diversified with heath
+and grass, and many rivulets. Dr. Johnson was not in very good humour.
+He said, it was a dreary country, much worse than Sky. I differed from
+him. 'O, Sir, (said he,) a most dolorous country[856]!'
+
+We had a very hard journey to-day. I had no bridle for my sheltie, but
+only a halter; and Joseph rode without a saddle. At one place, a loch
+having swelled over the road, we were obliged to plunge through pretty
+deep water. Dr. Johnson observed, how helpless a man would be, were he
+travelling here alone, and should meet with any accident; and said, 'he
+longed to get to _a country of saddles and bridles_' He was more out of
+humour to-day, than he has been in the course of our Tour, being fretted
+to find that his little horse could scarcely support his weight; and
+having suffered a loss, which, though small in itself, was of some
+consequence to him, while travelling the rugged steeps of Mull, where he
+was at times obliged to walk. The loss that I allude to was that of the
+large oak-stick, which, as I formerly mentioned, he had brought with him
+from London[857]. It was of great use to him in our wild peregrination;
+for, ever since his last illness in 1766[858], he has had a weakness in
+his knees, and has not been able to walk easily. It had too the
+properties of a measure; for one nail was driven into it at the length
+of a foot; another at that of a yard. In return for the services it had
+done him, he said, this morning he would make a present of it to some
+Museum; but he little thought he was so soon to lose it. As he
+preferred riding with a switch, it was entrusted to a fellow to be
+delivered to our baggage-man, who followed us at some distance; but we
+never saw it more. I could not persuade him out of a suspicion that it
+had been stolen. 'No, no, my friend, (said he,) it is not to be expected
+that any man in Mull, who has got it, will part with it. Consider, Sir,
+the value of such a _piece of timber_ here!'
+
+As we travelled this forenoon, we met Dr. McLean, who expressed much
+regret at his having been so unfortunate as to be absent while we were
+at his house.
+
+We were in hopes to get to Sir Allan Maclean's at Inchkenneth, to-night;
+but the eight miles, of which our road was said to consist, were so very
+long, that we did not reach the opposite coast of Mull till seven at
+night, though we had set out about eleven in the forenoon; and when we
+did arrive there, we found the wind strong against us. Col determined
+that we should pass the night at M'Quarrie's, in the island of Ulva,
+which lies between Mull and Inchkenneth; and a servant was sent forward
+to the ferry, to secure the boat for us; but the boat was gone to the
+Ulva side, and the wind was so high that the people could not hear him
+call; and the night so dark that they could not see a signal. We should
+have been in a very bad situation, had there not fortunately been lying
+in the little sound of Ulva an Irish vessel, the Bonnetta, of
+Londonderry, Captain M'Lure, master. He himself was at M'Quarrie's; but
+his men obligingly came with their long-boat, and ferried us over.
+M'Quarrie's house was mean; but we were agreeably surprized with the
+appearance of the master, whom we found to be intelligent, polite, and
+much a man of the world. Though his clan is not numerous, he is a very
+ancient Chief, and has a burial place at Icolmkill. He told us, his
+family had possessed Ulva for nine hundred years; but I was distressed
+to hear that it was soon to be sold for payment of his debts.
+
+Captain M'Lure, whom we found here, was of Scotch extraction, and
+properly a McLeod, being descended of some of the M'Leods who went with
+Sir Normand of Bernera to the battle of Worcester; and after the defeat
+of the royalists, fled to Ireland, and, to conceal themselves, took a
+different name. He told me, there was a great number of them about
+Londonderry; some of good property. I said, they should now resume
+their real name. The Laird of M'Leod should go over, and assemble them,
+and make them all drink the large horn full[859], and from that time
+they should be M'Leods. The captain informed us, he had named his ship
+the Bonnetta, out of gratitude to Providence; for once, when he was
+sailing to America with a good number of passengers, the ship in which
+he then sailed was becalmed for five weeks, and during all that time,
+numbers of the fish Bonnetta swam close to her, and were caught for
+food; he resolved therefore, that the ship he should next get, should be
+called the Bonnetta.
+
+M'Quarrie told us a strong instance of the second sight. He had gone to
+Edinburgh, and taken a man-servant along with him. An old woman, who was
+in the house, said one day, 'M'Quarrie will be at home to-morrow, and
+will bring two gentlemen with him;' and she said, she saw his servant
+return in red and green. He did come home next day. He had two gentlemen
+with him; and his servant had a new red and green livery, which
+M'Quarrie had bought for him at Edinburgh, upon a sudden thought, not
+having the least intention when he left home to put his servant in
+livery; so that the old woman could not have heard any previous mention
+of it. This, he assured us, was a true story.
+
+M'Quarrie insisted that the _Mercheta Mulierum_, mentioned in our old
+charters, did really mean the privilege which a lord of the manor, or a
+baron, had, to have the first night of all his vassals' wives. Dr.
+Johnson said, the belief of such a custom having existed was also held
+in England, where there is a tenure called _Borough English_, by which
+the eldest child does not inherit, from a doubt of his being the son of
+the tenant[860]. M'Quarrie told us, that still, on the marriage of each
+of his tenants, a sheep is due to him; for which the composition is
+fixed at five shillings[861]. I suppose, Ulva is the only place where
+this custom remains.
+
+Talking of the sale of an estate of an ancient family, which was said to
+have been purchased much under its value by the confidential lawyer of
+that family, and it being mentioned that the sale would probably be set
+aside by a suit in equity, Dr. Johnson said, 'I am very willing that
+this sale should be set aside, but I doubt much whether the suit will be
+successful; for the argument for avoiding the sale is founded on vague
+and indeterminate principles, as that the price was too low, and that
+there was a great degree of confidence placed by the seller in the
+person who became the purchaser. Now, how low should a price be? or what
+degree of confidence should there be to make a bargain be set aside? a
+bargain, which is a wager of skill between man and man. If, indeed, any
+fraud can be proved, that will do.'
+
+When Dr. Johnson and I were by ourselves at night, I observed of our
+host, '_aspectum generosum habet;'--'et generosum animum_', he added.
+For fear of being overheard in the small Highland houses, I often talked
+to him in such Latin as I could speak, and with as much of the English
+accent as I could assume, so as not to be understood, in case our
+conversation should be too loud for the space.
+
+We had each an elegant bed in the same room; and here it was that a
+circumstance occurred, as to which he has been strangely misunderstood.
+From his description of his chamber, it has erroneously been supposed,
+that his bed being too short for him, his feet during the night were in
+the mire; whereas he has only said, that when he undressed, he felt his
+feet in the mire: that is, the clay-floor of the room, on which he stood
+upon before he went into bed, was wet, in consequence of the windows
+being broken, which let in the rain[862].
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, OCTOBER 17.
+
+Being informed that there was nothing worthy of observation in Ulva, we
+took boat, and proceeded to Inchkenneth, where we were introduced by our
+friend Col to Sir Allan M'Lean, the Chief of his clan, and to two young
+ladies, his daughters. Inchkenneth is a pretty little island, a mile
+long, and about half a mile broad, all good land[863].
+
+As we walked up from the shore, Dr. Johnson's heart was cheered by the
+sight of a road marked with cart-wheels, as on the main land; a thing
+which we had not seen for a long time. It gave us a pleasure similar to
+that which a traveller feels, when, whilst wandering on what he fears is
+a desert island, he perceives the print of human feet.  Military men
+acquire excellent habits of having all conveniences about them. Sir
+Allan M'Lean, who had been long in the army, and had now a lease of the
+island, had formed a commodious habitation, though it consisted but of a
+few small buildings, only one story high[864]. He had, in his little
+apartments, more things than I could enumerate in a page or two.
+
+Among other agreeable circumstances, it was not the least, to find here
+a parcel of the _Caledonian Mercury_, published since we left Edinburgh;
+which I read with that pleasure which every man feels who has been for
+some time secluded from the animated scenes of the busy world.
+
+Dr. Johnson found books here. He bade me buy Bishop Gastrell's
+_Christian Institutes_[865], which was lying in the room. He said, 'I do
+not like to read any thing on a Sunday, but what is theological; not
+that I would scrupulously refuse to look at any thing which a friend
+should shew me in a newspaper; but in general, I would read only what is
+theological. I read just now some of Drummond's _Travels_[866], before I
+perceived what books were here. I then took up Derham's
+_Physico-Theology_[867].'
+
+Every particular concerning this island having been so well described by
+Dr. Johnson, it would be superfluous in me to present the publick with
+the observations that I made upon it, in my _Journal_.
+
+I was quite easy with Sir Allan almost instantaneously. He knew the
+great intimacy that had been between my father and his predecessor, Sir
+Hector, and was himself of a very frank disposition. After dinner, Sir
+Allan said he had got Dr. Campbell about an hundred subscribers to his
+_Britannia Elucidata_, (a work since published under the title of _A
+Political Survey of Great Britain_[868],) of whom he believed twenty
+were dead, the publication having been so long delayed. JOHNSON. 'Sir, I
+imagine the delay of publication is owing to this;--that, after
+publication, there will be no more subscribers, and few will send the
+additional guinea to get their books: in which they will be wrong; for
+there will be a great deal of instruction in the work. I think highly of
+Campbell[869]. In the first place, he has very good parts. In the second
+place, he has very extensive reading; not, perhaps, what is properly
+called learning, but history, politicks, and, in short, that popular
+knowledge which makes a man very useful. In the third place, he has
+learned much by what is called the _vox viva_. He talks with a great
+many people.'
+
+Speaking of this gentleman, at Rasay, he told us, that he one day called
+on him, and they talked of Tull's _Husbandry_[870]. Dr. Campbell said
+something. Dr. Johnson began to dispute it. 'Come, (said Dr. Campbell,)
+we do not want to get the better of one another: we want to encrease
+each other's ideas.' Dr. Johnson took it in good part, and the
+conversation then went on coolly and instructively. His candour in
+relating this anecdote does him much credit, and his conduct on that
+occasion proves how easily he could be persuaded to talk from a better
+motive than 'for victory[871].'
+
+Dr. Johnson here shewed so much of the spirit of a Highlander, that he
+won Sir Allan's heart: indeed, he has shewn it during the whole of our
+Tour. One night, in Col, he strutted about the room with a broad sword
+and target, and made a formidable appearance; and, another night, I took
+the liberty to put a large blue bonnet on his head. His age, his size,
+and his bushy grey wig, with this covering on it, presented the image
+of a venerable _Senachi_[872]: and, however unfavourable to the Lowland
+Scots, he seemed much pleased to assume the appearance of an ancient
+Caledonian. We only regretted that he could not be prevailed with to
+partake of the social glass. One of his arguments against drinking,
+appears to me not convincing. He urged, that 'in proportion as drinking
+makes a man different from what he is before he has drunk, it is bad;
+because it has so far affected his reason.' But may it not be answered,
+that a man may be altered by it _for the better_; that his spirits may
+be exhilarated, without his reason being affected[873]. On the general
+subject of drinking, however, I do not mean positively to take the other
+side. I am _dubius, non improbus_.
+
+In the evening, Sir Allan informed us that it was the custom of his
+house to have prayers every Sunday; and Miss M'Lean read the evening
+service, in which we all joined. I then read Ogden's second and ninth
+_Sermons on Prayer_, which, with their other distinguished excellence,
+have the merit of being short. Dr. Johnson said, that it was the most
+agreeable Sunday he had ever passed[874]; and it made such an impression
+on his mind, that he afterwards wrote the following Latin verses upon
+Inchkenneth[875]:--
+
+     INSULA SANCTI KENNETHI.
+
+     Parva quidem regio, sed relligione priorum
+       Nota, Caledonias panditur inter aquas;
+     Voce ubi Cennethus populos domuisse feroces
+       Dicitur, et vanos dedocuisse deos.
+     Hue ego delatus placido per coerula cursu
+       Scire locum volui quid daret ille novi.
+     Illic Leniades humili regnabat in aula,
+       Leniades magnis nobilitatus avis:
+     Una duas habuit casa cum genitore puellas,
+       Quas Amor undarum fingeret esse deas:
+     Non tamen inculti gelidis latuere sub antris,
+       Accola Danubii qualia saevus habet;
+     Mollia non decrant vacuae solatia vitae,
+       Sive libros poscant otia, sive lyram.
+     Luxerat ilia dies, legis gens docta supernae
+       Spes hominum ac curas cum procul esse jubet,
+     Ponti inter strepitus sacri non munera cultus
+       Cessarunt; pietas hic quoque cura fuit:
+     Quid quod sacrifici versavit femina libros,
+       Legitimas faciunt pectora pura preces[876].
+     Quo vagor ulterius? quod ubique requiritur hic est;
+       Hic secura quies, hic et honestus amor[877].
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, OCTOBER 18.
+
+We agreed to pass this day with Sir Allan, and he engaged to have every
+thing in order for our voyage to-morrow.
+
+Being now soon to be separated from our amiable friend young Col, his
+merits were all remembered. At Ulva he had appeared in a new character,
+having given us a good prescription for a cold. On my mentioning him
+with warmth, Dr. Johnson said, 'Col does every thing for us: we will
+erect a statue to Col.' 'Yes, said I, and we will have him with his
+various attributes and characters, like Mercury, or any other of the
+heathen gods. We will have him as a pilot; we will have him as a
+fisherman, as a hunter, as a husbandman, as a physician.'
+
+I this morning took a spade, and dug a little grave in the floor of a
+ruined chapel[878], near Sir Allan M'Lean's house, in which I buried
+some human bones I found there. Dr. Johnson praised me for what I had
+done, though he owned, he could not have done it. He shewed in the
+chapel at Rasay[879] his horrour at dead men's bones. He shewed it again
+at Col's house. In the Charter-room there was a remarkable large
+shin-bone, which was said to have been a bone of _John Garve_[880], one
+of the lairds. Dr. Johnson would not look at it; but started away.
+
+At breakfast, I asked, 'What is the reason that we are angry at a
+trader's having opulence[881]?' JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, the reason is,
+(though I don't undertake to prove that there is a reason,) we see no
+qualities in trade that should entitle a man to superiority. We are not
+angry at a soldier's getting riches, because we see that he possesses
+qualities which we have not. If a man returns from a battle, having lost
+one hand, and with the other full of gold, we feel that he deserves the
+gold; but we cannot think that a fellow, by sitting all day at a desk,
+is entitled to get above us.' BOSWELL. 'But, Sir, may we not suppose a
+merchant to be a man of an enlarged mind, such as Addison in the
+_Spectator_ describes Sir Andrew Freeport to have been?' JOHNSON. 'Why,
+Sir, we may suppose any fictitious character. We may suppose a
+philosophical day-labourer, who is happy in reflecting that, by his
+labour, he contributes to the fertility of the earth, and to the support
+of his fellow-creatures; but we find no such philosophical day-labourer.
+A merchant may, perhaps, be a man of an enlarged mind; but there is
+nothing in trade connected with an enlarged mind[882].'
+
+I mentioned that I had heard Dr. Solander say he was a Swedish
+Laplander[883]. JOHNSON. 'Sir, I don't believe he is a Laplander. The
+Laplanders are not much above four feet high. He is as tall as you; and
+he has not the copper colour of a Laplander.' BOSWELL. 'But what motive
+could he have to make himself a Laplander?' JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, he must
+either mean the word Laplander in a very extensive sense, or may mean a
+voluntary degradation of himself. "For all my being the great man that
+you see me now, I was originally a Barbarian;" as if Burke should say,
+"I came over a wild Irishman." Which he might say in his present state
+of exaltation.'
+
+Having expressed a desire to have an island like Inchkenneth, Dr.
+Johnson set himself to think what would be necessary for a man in such a
+situation. 'Sir, I should build me a fortification, if I came to live
+here; for, if you have it not, what should hinder a parcel of ruffians
+to land in the night, and carry off every thing you have in the house,
+which, in a remote country, would be more valuable than cows and sheep?
+add to all this the danger of having your throat cut.' BOSWELL. 'I would
+have a large dog.' JOHNSON. 'So you may, Sir; but a large dog is of no
+use but to alarm.' He, however, I apprehend, thinks too lightly of the
+power of that animal. I have heard him say, that he is afraid of no dog.
+'He would take him up by the hinder legs, which would render him quite
+helpless,--and then knock his head against a stone, and beat out his
+brains.' Topham Beauclerk told me, that at his house in the country, two
+large ferocious dogs were fighting. Dr. Johnson looked steadily at them
+for a little while; and then, as one would separate two little boys, who
+were foolishly hurting each other, he ran up to them, and cuffed their
+heads till he drove them asunder[884]. But few men have his intrepidity,
+Herculean strength, or presence of mind. Most thieves or robbers would
+be afraid to encounter a mastiff.
+
+I observed, that, when young Col talked of the lands belonging to his
+family, he always said, '_my_ lands[885].' For this he had a plausible
+pretence; for he told me, there has been a custom in this family, that
+the laird resigns the estate to the eldest son when he comes of age,
+reserving to himself only a certain life-rent. He said, it was a
+voluntary custom; but I think I found an instance in the charter-room,
+that there was such an obligation in a contract of marriage. If the
+custom was voluntary, it was only curious; but if founded on obligation,
+it might be dangerous; for I have been told, that in Otaheite, whenever
+a child is born, (a son, I think,) the father loses his right to the
+estate and honours, and that this unnatural, or rather absurd custom,
+occasions the murder of many children.
+
+Young Col told us he could run down a greyhound; 'for, (said he,) the
+dog runs himself out of breath, by going too quick, and then I get up
+with him[886].' I accounted for his advantage over the dog, by remarking
+that Col had the faculty of reason, and knew how to moderate his pace,
+which the dog had not sense enough to do. Dr. Johnson said, 'He is a
+noble animal. He is as complete an islander as the mind can figure. He
+is a farmer, a sailor, a hunter, a fisher: he will run you down a dog:
+if any man has a _tail_[887], it is Col. He is hospitable; and he has an
+intrepidity of talk, whether he understands the subject or not. I regret
+that he is not more intellectual.'
+
+Dr. Johnson observed, that there was nothing of which he would not
+undertake to persuade a Frenchman in a foreign country. 'I'll carry a
+Frenchman to St. Paul's Church-yard, and I'll tell him, "by our law you
+may walk half round the church; but, if you walk round the whole, you
+will be punished capitally," and he will believe me at once. Now, no
+Englishman would readily swallow such a thing: he would go and inquire
+of somebody else[888].' The Frenchman's credulity, I observed, must be
+owing to his being accustomed to implicit submission; whereas every
+Englishman reasons upon the laws of his country, and instructs his
+representatives, who compose the legislature.  This day was passed in
+looking at a small island adjoining Inchkenneth, which afforded nothing
+worthy of observation; and in such social and gay entertainments as our
+little society could furnish.
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, OCTOBER 19.
+
+After breakfast we took leave of the young ladies, and of our excellent
+companion Col, to whom we had been so much obliged. He had now put us
+under the care of his Chief; and was to hasten back to Sky. We parted
+from him with very strong feelings of kindness and gratitude; and we
+hoped to have had some future opportunity of proving to him the
+sincerity of what we felt; but in the following year he was
+unfortunately lost in the Sound between Ulva and Mull[889]; and this
+imperfect memorial, joined to the high honour of being tenderly and
+respectfully mentioned by Dr. Johnson, is the only return which the
+uncertainty of human events has permitted us to make to this deserving
+young man.
+
+Sir Allan, who obligingly undertook to accompany us to Icolmkill[890],
+had a strong good boat, with four stout rowers. We coasted along Mull
+till we reached _Gribon_, where is what is called Mackinnon's cave,
+compared with which that at Ulinish[891] is inconsiderable. It is in a
+rock of a great height, close to the sea. Upon the left of its entrance
+there is a cascade, almost perpendicular from the top to the bottom of
+the rock. There is a tradition that it was conducted thither
+artificially, to supply the inhabitants of the cave with water. Dr.
+Johnson gave no credit to this tradition. As, on the one hand, his faith
+in the Christian religion is firmly founded upon good grounds; so, on
+the other, he is incredulous when there is no sufficient reason for
+belief[892]; being in this respect just the reverse of modern infidels,
+who, however nice and scrupulous in weighing the evidences of religion,
+are yet often so ready to believe the most absurd and improbable tales
+of another nature, that Lord Hailes well observed, a good essay might be
+written _Sur la credulite des Incredules_.
+
+The height of this cave I cannot tell with any tolerable exactness; but
+it seemed to be very lofty, and to be a pretty regular arch. We
+penetrated, by candlelight, a great way; by our measurement, no less
+than four hundred and eighty-five feet. Tradition says, that a piper and
+twelve men once advanced into this cave, nobody can tell how far; and
+never returned. At the distance to which we proceeded the air was quite
+pure; for the candle burned freely, without the least appearance of the
+flame growing globular; but as we had only one, we thought it dangerous
+to venture farther, lest, should it have been extinguished, we should
+have had no means of ascertaining whether we could remain without
+danger. Dr. Johnson said, this was the greatest natural curiosity he had
+ever seen.
+
+We saw the island of Staffa, at no very great distance, but could not
+land upon it, the surge was so high on its rocky coast[893].
+
+Sir Allan, anxious for the honour of Mull, was still talking of its
+_woods_, and pointing them out to Dr. Johnson, as appearing at a
+distance on the skirts of that island, as we sailed along. JOHNSON.
+'Sir, I saw at Tobermorie what they called a wood, which I unluckily
+took for _heath_. If you shew me what I shall take for _furze_, it will
+be something.'
+
+In the afternoon we went ashore on the coast of Mull, and partook of a
+cold repast, which we carried with us. We hoped to have procured some
+rum or brandy for our boatmen and servants, from a publick-house near
+where we landed; but unfortunately a funeral a few days before had
+exhausted all their store[894]. Mr. Campbell, however, one of the Duke
+of Argyle's tacksmen, who lived in the neighbourhood, on receiving a
+message from Sir Allan, sent us a liberal supply.
+
+We continued to coast along Mull, and passed by Nuns' Island, which, it
+is said, belonged to the nuns of Icolmkill, and from which, we were
+told, the stone for the buildings there was taken. As we sailed along by
+moon-light, in a sea somewhat rough, and often between black and gloomy
+rocks, Dr. Johnson said, 'If this be not _roving among the Hebrides_,
+nothing is[895]. The repetition of words which he had so often
+previously used, made a strong impression on my imagination; and, by a
+natural course of thinking, led me to consider how our present
+adventures would appear to me at a future period.
+
+I have often experienced, that scenes through which a man has passed,
+improve by lying in the memory: they grow mellow. _Acti labores sunt
+jucundi_[896]. This may be owing to comparing them with present listless
+ease. Even harsh scenes acquire a softness by length of time[897]; and
+some are like very loud sounds, which do not please, or at least do not
+please so much, till you are removed to a certain distance. They may be
+compared to strong coarse pictures, which will not bear to be viewed
+near. Even pleasing scenes improve by time, and seem more exquisite in
+recollection, than when they were present; if they have not faded to
+dimness in the memory. Perhaps, there is so much evil in every human
+enjoyment, when present,--so much dross mixed with it, that it requires
+to be refined by time; and yet I do not see why time should not melt
+away the good and the evil in equal proportions;--why the shade should
+decay, and the light remain in preservation.
+
+After a tedious sail, which, by our following various turnings of the
+coast of Mull, was extended to about forty miles, it gave us no small
+pleasure to perceive a light in the village at Icolmkill, in which
+almost all the inhabitants of the island live, close to where the
+ancient building stood. As we approached the shore, the tower of the
+cathedral, just discernible in the air, was a picturesque object.
+
+When we had landed upon the sacred place, which, as long as I can
+remember, I had thought on with veneration, Dr. Johnson and I cordially
+embraced. We had long talked of visiting Icolmkill; and, from the
+lateness of the season, were at times very doubtful whether we should be
+able to effect our purpose. To have seen it, even alone, would have
+given me great satisfaction; but the venerable scene was rendered much
+more pleasing by the company of my great and pious friend, who was no
+less affected by it than I was; and who has described the impressions it
+should make on the mind, with such strength of thought, and energy of
+language, that I shall quote his words, as conveying my own sensations
+much more forcibly than I am capable of doing:--
+
+'We were now treading that illustrious Island, which was once the
+luminary of the Caledonian regions, whence savage clans and roving
+barbarians derived the benefits of knowledge, and the blessings of
+religion. To abstract the mind from all local emotion would be
+impossible, if it were endeavoured, and would be foolish if it were
+possible. Whatever withdraws us from the power of our senses, whatever
+makes the past, the distant, or the future, predominate over the
+present, advances us in the dignity of thinking beings. Far from me, and
+from my friends, be such frigid philosophy as may conduct us indifferent
+and unmoved over any ground which has been dignified by wisdom, bravery,
+or virtue. That man is little to be envied, whose patriotism would not
+gain force upon the plain of _Marathon_, or whose piety would not grow
+warmer among the ruins of _Iona_[898]!'
+
+Upon hearing that Sir Allan M'Lean was arrived, the inhabitants, who
+still consider themselves as the people of M'Lean, to whom the island
+formerly belonged, though the Duke of Argyle has at present possession
+of it, ran eagerly to him.
+
+We were accommodated this night in a large barn, the island, affording
+no lodging that we should have liked so well. Some good hay was strewed
+at one end of it, to form a bed for us, upon which we lay with our
+clothes on; and we were furnished with blankets from the village[899].
+Each of us had a portmanteau for a pillow. When I awaked in the morning,
+and looked round me, I could not help smiling at the idea of the chief
+of the M'Leans, the great English Moralist, and myself, lying thus
+extended in such a situation.
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 20.
+
+Early in the morning we surveyed the remains of antiquity at this place,
+accompanied by an illiterate fellow, as _Cicerone_, who called himself a
+descendant of a cousin of Saint Columba, the founder of the religious
+establishment here. As I knew that many persons had already examined
+them, and as I saw Dr. Johnson inspecting and measuring several of the
+ruins of which he has since given so full an account, my mind was
+quiescent; and I resolved to stroll among them at my ease, to take no
+trouble to investigate minutely, and only receive the general impression
+of solemn antiquity, and the particular ideas of such objects as should
+of themselves strike my attention.
+
+We walked from the monastery of Nuns to the great church or cathedral,
+as they call it, along an old broken causeway. They told us, that this
+had been a street; and that there were good houses built on each side.
+Dr. Johnson doubted if it was any thing more than a paved road for the
+nuns. The convent of Monks, the great church, Oran's chapel, and four
+other chapels, are still to be discerned. But I must own that Icolmkill
+did not answer my expectations; for they were high, from what I had read
+of it, and still more from what I had heard and thought of it, from my
+earliest years. Dr. Johnson said, it came up to his expectations,
+because he had taken his impression from an account of it subjoined to
+Sacheverel's _History of the Isle of Man_[900], where it is said, there
+is not much to be seen here. We were both disappointed, when we were
+shewn what are called the monuments of the kings of Scotland, Ireland,
+and Denmark, and of a King of France. There are only some grave-stones
+flat on the earth, and we could see no inscriptions. How far short was
+this of marble monuments, like those in Westminster Abbey, which I had
+imagined here! The grave-stones of Sir Allan M'Lean's family, and of
+that of M'Quarrie, had as good an appearance as the royal grave-stones;
+if they were royal, we doubted.
+
+My easiness to give credit to what I heard in the course of our Tour was
+too great. Dr. Johnson's peculiar accuracy of investigation detected
+much traditional fiction, and many gross mistakes. It is not to be
+wondered at, that he was provoked by people carelessly telling him, with
+the utmost readiness and confidence, what he found, on questioning them
+a little more, was erroneous[901]. Of this there were innumerable
+instances.
+
+I left him and Sir Allan at breakfast in our barn, and stole back again
+to the cathedral, to indulge in solitude and devout meditation[902].
+While contemplating the venerable ruins, I refleeted with much
+satisfaction, that the solemn scenes of piety never lose their sanctity
+and influence, though the cares and follies of life may prevent us from
+visiting them, or may even make us fancy that their effects are only 'as
+yesterday, when it is past[903],' and never again to be perceived. I
+hoped, that, ever after having been in this holy place, I should
+maintain an exemplary conduct. One has a strange propensity to fix upon
+some point of time from whence a better course of life may begin[904].
+
+Being desirous to visit the opposite shore of the island, where Saint
+Columba is said to have landed, I procured a horse from one
+M'Ginnis[905], who ran along as my guide. The M'Ginnises are said to be
+a branch of the clan of M'Lean. Sir Allan had been told that this man
+had refused to send him some rum, at which the knight was in great
+indignation. 'You rascal! (said he,) don't you know that I can hang you,
+if I please?' Not adverting to the Chieftain's power over his clan, I
+imagined that Sir Allan had known of some capital crime that the fellow
+had committed, which he could discover, and so get him condemned; and
+said, 'How so?' 'Why, (said Sir Allan,) are they not all my people?'
+Sensible of my inadvertency, and most willing to contribute what I could
+towards the continuation of feudal authority, 'Very true,' said I. Sir
+Allan went on: 'Refuse to send rum to me, you rascal! Don't you know
+that, if I order you to go and cut a man's throat, you are to do it?'
+'Yes, an't please your honour! and my own too, and hang myself too.' The
+poor fellow denied that he had refused to send the rum. His making these
+professions was not merely a pretence in presence of his Chief; for
+after he and I were out of Sir Allan's hearing, he told me, 'Had he sent
+his dog for the rum, I would have given it: I would cut my bones for
+him.' It was very remarkable to find such an attachment to a Chief,
+though he had then no connection with the island, and had not been there
+for fourteen years. Sir Allan, by way of upbraiding the fellow, said, 'I
+believe you are a _Campbell_.'
+
+The place which I went to see is about two miles from the village. They
+call it _Portawherry_, from the wherry in which Columba came; though,
+when they shew the length of his vessel, as marked on the beach by two
+heaps of stones, they say, 'Here is the length of the _Currach_', using
+the Erse word.
+
+Icolmkill is a fertile island. The inhabitants export some cattle and
+grain; and I was told, they import nothing but iron and salt. They are
+industrious, and make their own woollen and linen cloth; and they brew a
+good deal of beer, which we did not find in any of the other
+islands[906].
+
+We set sail again about mid-day, and in the evening landed on Mull, near
+the house of the Reverend Mr. Neal M'Leod, who having been informed of
+our coming, by a message from Sir Allan, came out to meet us. We were
+this night very agreeably entertained at his house. Dr. Johnson observed
+to me, that he was the cleanest-headed man that he had met with in the
+Western islands. He seemed to be well acquainted with Dr. Johnson's
+writings, and courteously said, 'I have been often obliged to you,
+though I never had the pleasure of seeing you before.'
+
+He told us, he had lived for some time in St. Kilda, under the tuition
+of the minister or catechist there, and had there first read Horace and
+Virgil. The scenes which they describe must have been a strong contrast
+to the dreary waste around him.
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, OCTOBER 21.
+
+This morning the subject of politicks was introduced. JOHNSON. 'Pulteney
+was as paltry a fellow as could be[907]. He was a Whig, who pretended to
+be honest; and you know it is ridiculous for a Whig to pretend to be
+honest. He cannot hold it out[908].' He called Mr. Pitt a meteor; Sir
+Robert Walpole a fixed star[909]. He said, 'It is wonderful to think
+that all the force of government was required to prevent Wilkes from
+being chosen the chief magistrate of London[910], though the liverymen
+knew he would rob their shops,--knew he would debauch their
+daughters[911].'
+
+BOSWELL. 'The History of England is so strange, that, if it were not so
+well vouched as it is, it would hardly be credible.'
+
+JOHNSON. 'Sir, if it were told as shortly, and with as little
+preparation for introducing the different events, as the History of the
+Jewish Kings, it would be equally liable to objections of
+improbability.' Mr. M'Leod was much pleased with the justice and novelty
+of the thought. Dr. Johnson illustrated what he had said, as follows:
+'Take, as an instance, Charles the First's concessions to his
+parliament, which were greater and greater, in proportion as the
+parliament grew more insolent, and less deserving of trust. Had these
+concessions been related nakedly, without any detail of the
+circumstances which generally led to them, they would not have been
+believed.'
+
+Sir Allan M'Lean bragged, that Scotland had the advantage of England, by
+its having more water. JOHNSON. 'Sir, we would not have your water, to
+take the vile bogs which produce it. You have too much! A man who is
+drowned has more water than either of us;'--and then he laughed. (But
+this was surely robust sophistry: for the people of taste in England,
+who have seen Scotland, own that its variety of rivers and lakes makes
+it naturally more beautiful than England, in that respect.) Pursuing his
+victory over Sir Allan, he proceeded: 'Your country consists of two
+things, stone and water. There is, indeed, a little earth above the
+stone in some places, but a very little; and the stone is always
+appearing. It is like a man in rags; the naked skin is still
+peeping out.'
+
+He took leave of Mr. M'Leod, saying, 'Sir, I thank you for your
+entertainment, and your conversation.'
+
+Mr. Campbell, who had been so polite yesterday, came this morning on
+purpose to breakfast with us, and very obligingly furnished us with
+horses to proceed on our journey to Mr. M'Lean's of _Lochbuy_, where we
+were to pass the night. We dined at the house of Dr. Alexander M'Lean,
+another physician in Mull, who was so much struck with the uncommon
+conversation of Dr. Johnson, that he observed to me, 'This man is just a
+_hogshead_ of sense.'
+
+Dr. Johnson said of the _Turkish Spy_[912], which lay in the room, that
+it told nothing but what every body might have known at that time; and
+that what was good in it, did not pay you for the trouble of reading
+to find it.
+
+After a very tedious ride, through what appeared to me the most gloomy
+and desolate country I had ever beheld[913], we arrived, between seven
+and eight o'clock, at May, the seat of the Laird of _Lochbuy_. _Buy_, in
+Erse, signifies yellow, and I at first imagined that the loch or branch
+of the sea here, was thus denominated, in the same manner as the _Red
+Sea_; but I afterwards learned that it derived its name from a hill
+above it, which being of a yellowish hue has the epithet of _Buy_.
+
+We had heard much of Lochbuy's being a great roaring braggadocio, a kind
+of Sir John Falstaff, both in size and manners; but we found that they
+had swelled him up to a fictitious size, and clothed him with imaginary
+qualities. Col's idea of him was equally extravagant, though very
+different: he told us he was quite a Don Quixote; and said, he would
+give a great deal to sec him and Dr. Johnson together. The truth is,
+that Lochbuy proved to be only a bluff, comely, noisy old gentleman,
+proud of his hereditary consequence, and a very hearty and hospitable
+landlord. Lady Lochbuy was sister to Sir Allan M'Lean, but much older.
+He said to me, 'They are quite _Antediluvians_.' Being told that Dr.
+Johnson did not hear well, Lochbuy bawled out to him, 'Are you of the
+Johnstons of Glencro, or of Ardnamurchan[914]?' Dr. Johnson gave him a
+significant look, but made no answer; and I told Lochbuy that he was not
+Johns_ton_, but John_son_, and that he was an Englishman[915].  Lochbuy
+some years ago tried to prove himself a weak man, liable to imposition,
+or, as we term it in Scotland, a _facile_ man, in order to set aside a
+lease which he had granted; but failed in the attempt. On my mentioning
+this circumstance to Dr. Johnson, he seemed much surprized that such a
+suit was admitted by the Scottish law, and observed, that 'In England no
+man is allowed to _stultify_ himself[916].'
+
+Sir Allan, Lochbuy, and I, had the conversation chiefly to ourselves
+to-night: Dr. Johnson, being extremely weary, went to bed soon
+after supper.
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, OCTOBER 22.
+
+Before Dr. Johnson came to breakfast, Lady Lochbuy said, 'he was a
+_dungeon_ of wit;' a very common phrase in Scotland to express a
+profoundness of intellect, though he afterwards told me, that he never
+had heard it. She proposed that he should have some cold sheep's-head
+for breakfast. Sir Allan seemed displeased at his sister's vulgarity,
+and wondered how such a thought should come into her head. From a
+mischievous love of sport, I took the lady's part; and very gravely
+said, 'I think it is but fair to give him an offer of it. If he does not
+choose it, he may let it alone.' 'I think so,' said the lady, looking at
+her brother with an air of victory. Sir Allan, finding the matter
+desperate, strutted about the room, and took snuff. When Dr. Johnson
+came in, she called to him, 'Do you choose any cold sheep's-head, Sir?'
+'No, MADAM,' said he, with a tone of surprise and anger[917]. 'It is
+here, Sir,' said she, supposing he had refused it to save the trouble of
+bringing it in. They thus went on at cross purposes, till he confirmed
+his refusal in a manner not to be misunderstood; while I sat quietly by,
+and enjoyed my success.
+
+After breakfast, we surveyed the old castle, in the pit or dungeon of
+which Lochbuy had some years before taken upon him to imprison several
+persons[918]; and though he had been fined in a considerable sum by the
+Court of Justiciary, he was so little affected by it, that while we were
+examining the dungeon, he said to me, with a smile, 'Your father knows
+something of this;' (alluding to my father's having sat as one of the
+judges on his trial.) Sir Allan whispered me, that the laird could not
+be persuaded that he had lost his heritable jurisdiction[919].
+
+We then set out for the ferry, by which we were to cross to the main
+land of Argyleshire. Lochbuy and Sir Allan accompanied us. We were told
+much of a war-saddle, on which this reputed Don Quixote used to be
+mounted; but we did not see it, for the young laird had applied it to a
+less noble purpose, having taken it to Falkirk fair _with a drove of
+black cattle._ We bade adieu to Lochbuy, and to our very kind
+conductor[920], Sir Allan M'Lean, on the shore of Mull, and then got
+into the ferry-boat, the bottom of which was strewed with branches of
+trees or bushes, upon which we sat. We had a good day and a fine
+passage, and in the evening landed at Oban, where we found a tolerable
+inn. After having been so long confined at different times in islands,
+from which it was always uncertain when we could get away, it was
+comfortable to be now on the mainland, and to know that, if in health,
+we might get to any place in Scotland or England in a certain number
+of days.
+
+Here we discovered from the conjectures which were formed, that the
+people on the main land were entirely ignorant of our motions; for in a
+Glasgow newspaper we found a paragraph, which, as it contains a just
+and well-turned compliment to my illustrious friend, I shall
+here insert:--
+
+'We are well assured that Dr. Johnson is confined by tempestuous weather
+to the isle of Sky; it being unsafe to venture, in a small boat, upon
+such a stormy surge as is very common there at this time of the year.
+Such a philosopher, detained on an almost barren island, resembles a
+whale left upon the strand. The latter will be welcome to every body, on
+account of his oil, his bone, &c., and the other will charm his
+companions, and the rude inhabitants, with his superior knowledge and
+wisdom, calm resignation, and unbounded benevolence.'
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, OCTOBER 23.
+
+After a good night's rest, we breakfasted at our leisure. We talked of
+Goldsmith's _Traveller_, of which Dr. Johnson spoke highly; and, while I
+was helping him on with his great coat, he repeated from it the
+character of the British nation, which he did with such energy, that the
+tear started into his eye:--
+
+     'Stern o'er each bosom reason holds her state,
+      With daring aims irregularly great,
+      Pride in their port, defiance in their eye,
+      I see the lords of human kind pass by,
+      Intent on high designs, a thoughtful band,
+      By forms unfashion'd, fresh from nature's hand;
+      Fierce in their native hardiness of soul,
+      True to imagin'd right, above control,
+      While ev'n the peasant boasts these rights to scan,
+      And learns to venerate himself as man.'
+
+We could get but one bridle here, which, according to the maxim _detur
+digniori_, was appropriated to Dr. Johnson's sheltie. I and Joseph rode
+with halters. We crossed in a ferry-boat a pretty wide lake[921], and on
+the farther side of it, close by the shore, found a hut for our inn. We
+were much wet. I changed my clothes in part, and was at pains to get
+myself well dried. Dr. Johnson resolutely kept on all his clothes, wet
+as they were, letting them steam before the smoky turf fire. I thought
+him in the wrong; but his firmness was, perhaps, a species of heroism.
+
+I remember but little of our conversation. I mentioned Shenstone's
+saying of Pope, that he had the art of condensing sense more than any
+body[922]. Dr. Johnson said, 'It is not true, Sir. There is more sense
+in a line of Cowley than in a page (or a sentence, or ten lines,--I am
+not quite certain of the very phrase) of Pope.' He maintained that
+Archibald, Duke of Argyle[923], was a narrow man. I wondered at this;
+and observed, that his building so great a house at Inverary was not
+like a narrow man. 'Sir, (said he,) when a narrow man has resolved to
+build a house, he builds it like another man. But Archibald, Duke of
+Argyle, was narrow in his ordinary expences, in his quotidian
+expences.'
+
+The distinction is very just. It is in the ordinary expences of life
+that a man's liberality or narrowness is to be discovered. I never heard
+the word _quotidian_ in this sense, and I imagined it to be a word of
+Dr. Johnson's own fabrication; but I have since found it in _Young's
+Night Thoughts_, (Night fifth,)
+
+     'Death's a destroyer of quotidian prey,'
+
+and in my friend's _Dictionary_, supported by the authorities of Charles
+I. and Dr. Donne.
+
+It rained very hard as we journied on after dinner. The roar of torrents
+from the mountains, as we passed along in the dusk, and the other
+circumstances attending our ride in the evening, have been mentioned
+with so much animation by Dr. Johnson, that I shall not attempt to say
+any thing on the subject[924].
+
+We got at night to Inverary, where we found an excellent inn. Even here,
+Dr. Johnson would not change his wet clothes.
+
+The prospect of good accommodation cheered us much. We supped well; and
+after supper, Dr. Johnson, whom I had not seen taste any fermented
+liquor during all our travels, called for a gill of whiskey. 'Come,
+(said he,) let me know what it is that makes a Scotchman happy[925]!' He
+drank it all but a drop, which I begged leave to pour into my glass,
+that I might say we had drunk whisky together. I proposed Mrs. Thrale
+should be our toast. He would not have _her_ drunk in whisky, but rather
+'some insular lady;' so we drank one of the ladies whom we had lately
+left. He owned to-night, that he got as good a room and bed as at an
+English inn.
+
+I had here the pleasure of finding a letter from home, which relieved me
+from the anxiety I had suffered, in consequence of not having received
+any account of my family for many weeks. I also found a letter from Mr.
+Garrick, which was a regale[926] as agreeable as a pine-apple would be
+in a desert[927]. He had favoured me with his correspondence for many
+years; and when Dr. Johnson and I were at Inverness, I had written to
+him as follows:--
+
+     Inverness,
+     Sunday, 29 August, 1773.
+
+     MY DEAR SIR,
+
+'Here I am, and Mr. Samuel Johnson actually with me. We were a night at
+Fores, in coming to which, in the dusk of the evening, we passed over
+the bleak and blasted heath where Macbeth met the witches[928]. Your old
+preceptor[929] repeated, with much solemnity, the speech--
+
+     "How far is't called to Fores?  What are these,
+      So wither'd and so wild in their attire," &c.
+
+This day we visited the ruins of Macbeth's castle at Inverness. I have
+had great romantick satisfaction in seeing Johnson upon the classical
+scenes of Shakspeare in Scotland; which I really looked upon as almost
+as improbable as that "Birnam wood should come to Dunsinane[930]."
+Indeed, as I have always been accustomed to view him as a permanent
+London object, it would not be much more wonderful to me to see St.
+Paul's Church moving along where we now are. As yet we have travelled
+in post-chaises; but to-morrow we are to mount on horseback, and ascend
+into the mountains by Fort Augustus, and so on to the ferry, where we
+are to cross to Sky. We shall see that island fully, and then visit some
+more of the Hebrides; after which we are to land in Argyleshire, proceed
+by Glasgow to Auchinleck, repose there a competent time, and then return
+to Edinburgh, from whence the Rambler will depart for old England again,
+as soon as he finds it convenient. Hitherto we have had a very
+prosperous expedition. I flatter myself, _servetur ad imum, qualis ab
+incepto processerit_[931]. He is in excellent spirits, and I have a rich
+journal of his conversation. Look back, Davy[932], to Litchfield,--run
+up through the time that has elapsed since you first knew Mr.
+Johnson,--and enjoy with me his present extraordinary Tour. I could not
+resist the impulse of writing to you from this place. The situation of
+the old castle corresponds exactly to Shakspeare's description. While we
+were there to-day[933], it happened oddly, that a raven perched upon one
+of the chimney-tops, and croaked. Then I in my turn repeated--
+
+     "The raven himself is hoarse,
+      That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan,
+      Under my battlements."
+
+'I wish you had been with us. Think what enthusiastick happiness I shall
+have to see Mr. Samuel Johnson walking among the romantick rocks and
+woods of my ancestors at Auchinleck[934]! Write to me at Edinburgh. You
+owe me his verses on great George and tuneful Cibber, and the bad verses
+which led him to make his fine ones on Philips the musician[935]. Keep
+your promise, and let me have them. I offer my very best compliments to
+Mrs. Garrick, and ever am,
+
+     'Your warm admirer and friend,
+
+     'JAMES BOSWELL.'
+
+'_To David Garrick, Esq., London._'
+
+His answer was as follows:--
+
+     'Hampton, September 14, 1773.
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+
+'You stole away from London, and left us all in the lurch; for we
+expected you one night at the club, and knew nothing of your departure.
+Had I payed you what I owed you, for the book you bought for me, I
+should only have grieved for the loss of your company, and slept with a
+quiet conscience; but, wounded as it is, it must remain so till I see
+you again, though I am sure our good friend Mr. Johnson will discharge
+the debt for me, if you will let him. Your account of your journey to
+_Fores_, the _raven_, _old castle_, &c., &c., made me half mad. Are you
+not rather too late in the year for fine weather, which is the life and
+soul of seeing places? I hope your pleasure will continue _qualis ab
+incepto_, &c.
+
+'Your friend[936] ------ threatens me much. I only wish that he would
+put his threats in execution, and, if he prints his play, I will forgive
+him. I remember he complained to you, that his bookseller called for the
+money for some copies of his ------, which I subscribed for, and that I
+desired him to call again. The truth is, that my wife was not at
+home[937], and that for weeks together I have not ten shillings in my
+pocket.--However, had it been otherwise, it was not so great a crime to
+draw his poetical vengeance upon me. I despise all that he can do, and
+am glad that I can so easily get rid of him and his ingratitude. I am
+hardened both to abuse and ingratitude.
+
+'You, I am sure, will no more recommend your poetasters to my civility
+and good offices.
+
+'Shall I recommend to you a play of Eschylus, (the Prometheus,)
+published and translated by poor old Morell, who is a good scholar[938],
+and an acquaintance of mine? It will be but half a guinea, and your name
+shall be put in the list I am making for him. You will be in very
+good company.
+
+'Now for the Epitaphs!
+
+[_These, together with the verses on George the Second, and Colley
+Cibber, as his Poet Laureat, of which imperfect copies are gone about,
+will appear in my Life of Dr. Johnson[939]._]
+
+'I have no more paper, or I should have said more to you. My love[940]
+and respects to Mr. Johnson.
+
+'Yours ever,
+
+'D. GARRICK.'
+
+'I can't write. I have the gout in my hand.'
+
+'_To James Boswell, Esq., Edinburgh._'
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, OCTOBER 24.
+
+We passed the forenoon calmly and placidly. I prevailed on Dr. Johnson
+to read aloud Ogden's sixth sermon on Prayer, which he did with a
+distinct expression, and pleasing solemnity. He praised my favourite
+preacher, his elegant language, and remarkable acuteness; and said, he
+fought infidels with their own weapons.
+
+As a specimen of Ogden's manner, I insert the following passage from the
+sermon which Dr. Johnson now read. The preacher, after arguing against
+that vain philosophy which maintains, in conformity with the hard
+principle of eternal necessity, or unchangeable predetermination, that
+the only effect of prayer for others, although we are exhorted to pray
+for them, is to produce good dispositions in ourselves towards them;
+thus expresses himself:--
+
+'A plain man may be apt to ask, But if this then, though enjoined in the
+holy scriptures, is to be my real aim and intention, when I am taught to
+pray for other persons, why is it that I do not plainly so express it?
+Why is not the form of the petition brought nearer to the meaning? Give
+them, say I to our heavenly father, what is good. But this, I am to
+understand, will be as it will be, and is not for me to alter. What is
+it then that I am doing? I am desiring to become charitable myself; and
+why may I not plainly say so? Is there shame in it, or impiety? The wish
+is laudable: why should I form designs to hide it?
+
+'Or is it, perhaps, better to be brought about by indirect means, and in
+this artful manner? Alas! who is it that I would impose on? From whom
+can it be, in this commerce, that I desire to hide any thing? When, as
+my Saviour commands me, I have _entered into my closet, and shut my
+door_, there are but two parties privy to my devotions, GOD and my own
+heart; which of the two am I deceiving?'
+
+He wished to have more books, and, upon inquiring if there were any in
+the house, was told that a waiter had some, which were brought to him;
+but I recollect none of them, except Hervey's _Meditations_. He thought
+slightingly of this admired book. He treated it with ridicule, and would
+not allow even the scene of the dying Husband and Father to be
+pathetick[941]. I am not an impartial judge; for Hervey's _Meditations_
+engaged my affections in my early years. He read a passage concerning
+the moon, ludicrously, and shewed how easily he could, in the same
+style, make reflections on that planet, the very reverse of
+Hervey's[942], representing her as treacherous to mankind. He did this
+with much humour; but I have not preserved the particulars. He then
+indulged a playful fancy, in making a _Meditation on a Pudding_[943], of
+which I hastily wrote down, in his presence, the following note; which,
+though imperfect, may serve to give my readers some idea of it.
+
+MEDITATION ON A PUDDING.
+
+'Let us seriously reflect of what a pudding is composed. It is composed
+of flour that once waved in the golden grain, and drank the dews of the
+morning; of milk pressed from the swelling udder by the gentle hand of
+the beauteous milk-maid, whose beauty and innocence might have
+recommended a worse draught; who, while she stroked the udder, indulged
+no ambitious thoughts of wandering in palaces, formed no plans for the
+destruction of her fellow-creatures: milk, which is drawn from the cow,
+that useful animal, that eats the grass of the field, and supplies us
+with that which made the greatest part of the food of mankind in the age
+which the poets have agreed to call golden. It is made with an egg, that
+miracle of nature, which the theoretical Burnet[944] has compared to
+creation. An egg contains water within its beautiful smooth surface; and
+an unformed mass, by the incubation of the parent, becomes a regular
+animal, furnished with bones and sinews, and covered with feathers. Let
+us consider; can there be more wanting to complete the Meditation on a
+Pudding? If more is wanting, more may be found. It contains salt, which
+keeps the sea from putrefaction: salt, which is made the image of
+intellectual excellence, contributes to the formation of a pudding.'
+
+In a Magazine I found a saying of Dr. Johnson's, something to this
+purpose; that the happiest part of a man's life is what he passes lying
+awake in bed in the morning. I read it to him. He said, 'I may, perhaps,
+have said this; for nobody, at times, talks more laxly than I do[945].'
+I ventured to suggest to him, that this was dangerous from one of his
+authority.
+
+I spoke of living in the country, and upon what footing one should be
+with neighbours. I observed that some people were afraid of being on too
+easy a footing with them, from an apprehension that their time would not
+be their own. He made the obvious remark, that it depended much on what
+kind of neighbours one has, whether it was desirable to be on an easy
+footing with them, or not. I mentioned a certain baronet, who told me,
+he never was happy in the country, till he was not on speaking terms
+with his neighbours, which he contrived in different ways to bring
+about. 'Lord ----------(said he) stuck long; but at last the fellow
+pounded my pigs, and then I got rid of him.' JOHNSON. 'Nay, Sir, My Lord
+got rid of Sir John, and shewed how little he valued him, by putting his
+pigs in the pound.'
+
+I told Dr. Johnson I was in some difficulty how to act at Inverary. I
+had reason to think that the Duchess of Argyle disliked me, on account
+of my zeal in the Douglas cause[946]; but the Duke of Argyle had always
+been pleased to treat me with great civility. They were now at the
+castle, which is a very short walk from our inn; and the question was,
+whether I should go and pay my respects there. Dr. Johnson, to whom I
+had stated the case, was clear that I ought; but, in his usual way, he
+was very shy of discovering a desire to be invited there himself. Though
+from a conviction of the benefit of subordination[947] to society, he
+has always shewn great respect to persons of high rank, when he happened
+to be in their company, yet his pride of character has ever made him
+guard against any appearance of courting the great. Besides, he was
+impatient to go to Glasgow, where he expected letters. At the same time
+he was, I believe, secretly not unwilling to have attention paid him by
+so great a Chieftain, and so exalted a nobleman. He insisted that I
+should not go to the castle this day before dinner, as it would look
+like seeking an invitation. 'But, (said I,) if the Duke invites us to
+dine with him to-morrow, shall we accept?' 'Yes, Sir;' I think he said,
+'to be sure.' But, he added, 'He won't ask us!' I mentioned, that I was
+afraid my company might be disagreeable to the duchess. He treated this
+objection with a manly disdain: '_That_, Sir, he must settle with his
+wife.' We dined well. I went to the castle just about the time when I
+supposed the ladies would be retired from dinner. I sent in my name;
+and, being shewn in, found the amiable Duke sitting at the head of his
+table with several gentlemen. I was most politely received, and gave his
+grace some particulars of the curious journey which I had been making
+with Dr. Johnson. When we rose from table, the Duke said to me, 'I hope
+you and Dr. Johnson will dine with us to-morrow.' I thanked his grace;
+but told him, my friend was in a great hurry to get back to London. The
+Duke, with a kind complacency, said, 'He will stay one day; and I will
+take care he shall see this place to advantage.' I said, I should be
+sure to let him know his grace's invitation. As I was going away, the
+Duke said, 'Mr. Boswell, won't you have some tea ?' I thought it best to
+get over the meeting with the duchess this night; so respectfully
+agreed. I was conducted to the drawing room by the Duke, who announced
+my name; but the duchess, who was sitting with her daughter, Lady Betty
+Hamilton[948], and some other ladies, took not the least notice of me. I
+should have been mortified at being thus coldly received by a lady of
+whom I, with the rest of the world, have always entertained a very high
+admiration, had I not been consoled by the obliging attention of
+the Duke.
+
+When I returned to the inn, I informed Dr. Johnson of the Duke of
+Argyle's invitation, with which he was much pleased, and readily
+accepted of it. We talked of a violent contest which was then carrying
+on, with a view to the next general election for Ayrshire; where one of
+the candidates, in order to undermine the old and established interest,
+had artfully held himself out as a champion for the independency of the
+county against aristocratick influence, and had persuaded several
+gentlemen into a resolution to oppose every candidate who was supported
+by peers[949]. 'Foolish fellows! (said Dr. Johnson), don't they see that
+they are as much dependent upon the Peers one way as the other. The
+Peers have but to _oppose_ a candidate to ensure him success. It is said
+the only way to make a pig go forward, is to pull him back by the tail.
+These people must be treated like pigs.'
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, OCTOBER 25.
+
+My acquaintance, the Reverend Mr. John M'Aulay[950], one of the
+Ministers of Inverary, and brother to our good friend at Calder[951],
+came to us this morning, and accompanied us to the castle, where I
+presented Dr. Johnson to the Duke of Argyle. We were shewn through the
+house; and I never shall forget the impression made upon my fancy by
+some of the ladies' maids tripping about in neat morning dresses. After
+seeing for a long time little but rusticity, their lively manner, and
+gay inviting appearance, pleased me so much, that I thought, for the
+moment, I could have been a knight-errant for them[952].
+
+We then got into a low one-horse chair, ordered for us by the Duke, in
+which we drove about the place. Dr. Johnson was much struck by the
+grandeur and elegance of this princely seat. He thought, however, the
+castle too low, and wished it had been a story higher. He said, 'What I
+admire here, is the total defiance of expence.' I had a particular pride
+in shewing him a great number of fine old trees, to compensate for the
+nakedness which had made such an impression on him on the eastern coast
+of Scotland.
+
+When we came in, before dinner, we found the duke and some gentlemen in
+the hall. Dr. Johnson took much notice of the large collection of arms,
+which are excellently disposed there. I told what he had said to Sir
+Alexander M'Donald, of his ancestors not suffering their arms to
+rust[953]. 'Well, (said the doctor,) but let us be glad we live in times
+when arms _may_ rust. We can sit to-day at his grace's table, without
+any risk of being attacked, and perhaps sitting down again wounded or
+maimed.' The duke placed Dr. Johnson next himself at table. I was in
+fine spirits; and though sensible that I had the misfortune of not being
+in favour with the duchess, I was not in the least disconcerted, and
+offered her grace some of the dish that was before me. It must be owned
+that I was in the right to be quite unconcerned, if I could. I was the
+Duke of Argyle's guest; and I had no reason to suppose that he adopted
+the prejudices and resentments of the Duchess of Hamilton.
+
+I knew it was the rule of modern high life not to drink to any body; but
+that I might have the satisfaction for once to look the duchess in the
+face, with a glass in my hand, I with a respectful air addressed
+her,--'My Lady Duchess, I have the honour to drink your grace's good
+health.' I repeated the words audibly, and with a steady countenance.
+This was, perhaps, rather too much; but some allowance must be made for
+human feelings.
+
+The duchess was very attentive to Dr. Johnson. I know not how a _middle
+state[954]_ came to be mentioned. Her grace wished to hear him on that
+point. 'Madam, (said he,) your own relation, Mr. Archibald Campbell, can
+tell you better about it than I can. He was a bishop of the nonjuring
+communion, and wrote a book upon the subject[955].' He engaged to get it
+for her grace. He afterwards gave a full history of Mr. Archibald
+Campbell, which I am sorry I do not recollect particularly. He said, Mr.
+Campbell had been bred a violent Whig, but afterwards 'kept better
+company, and became a Tory.' He said this with a smile, in pleasant
+allusion, as I thought, to the opposition between his own political
+principles and those of the duke's clan. He added that Mr. Campbell,
+after the revolution, was thrown into gaol on account of his tenets;
+but, on application by letter to the old Lord Townshend[956], was
+released; that he always spoke of his Lordship with great gratitude,
+saying, 'though a _Whig_, he had humanity.'
+
+Dr. Johnson and I passed some time together, in June 1784[957], at
+Pembroke College, Oxford, with the Reverend Dr. Adams, the master; and I
+having expressed a regret that my note relative to Mr. Archibald
+Campbell was imperfect, he was then so good as to write with his own
+hand, on the blank page of my _Journal_, opposite to that which contains
+what I have now mentioned, the following paragraph; which, however, is
+not quite so full as the narrative he gave at Inverary:--
+
+'_The Honourable_ ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL _was, I believe, the Nephew[958] of
+the Marquis of Argyle. He began life by engaging in Monmouth's
+rebellion, and, to escape the law, lived some time in Surinam. When he
+returned, he became zealous for episcopacy and monarchy; and at the
+Revolution adhered not only to the Nonjurors, but to those who refused
+to communicate with the Church of England, or to be present at any
+worship where the usurper was mentioned as king. He was, I believe, more
+than once apprehended in the reign of King William, and once at the
+accession of George. He was the familiar friend of Hicks[959] and
+Nelson[960]; a man of letters, but injudicious; and very curious and
+inquisitive, but credulous. He lived[961] in 1743, or 44, about 75 years
+old.'_  The subject of luxury having been introduced, Dr. Johnson
+defended it. 'We have now (said he) a splendid dinner before us; which
+of all these dishes is unwholesome?' The duke asserted, that he had
+observed the grandees of Spain diminished in their size by luxury. Dr.
+Johnson politely refrained from opposing directly an observation which
+the duke himself had made; but said, 'Man must be very different from
+other animals, if he is diminished by good living; for the size of all
+other animals is increased by it[962].' I made some remark that seemed
+to imply a belief in _second sight_. The duchess said, 'I fancy you will
+be a _Methodist_.' This was the only sentence her grace deigned to utter
+to me; and I take it for granted, she thought it a good hit on my
+_credulity_ in the Douglas cause.
+
+A gentleman in company, after dinner, was desired by the duke to go to
+another room, for a specimen of curious marble, which his grace wished
+to shew us. He brought a wrong piece, upon which the duke sent him back
+again. He could not refuse; but, to avoid any appearance of servility,
+he whistled as he walked out of the room, to shew his independency. On
+my mentioning this afterwards to Dr. Johnson, he said, it was a nice
+trait of character.
+
+Dr. Johnson talked a great deal, and was so entertaining, that Lady
+Betty Hamilton, after dinner, went and placed her chair close to his,
+leaned upon the back of it, and listened eagerly. It would have made a
+fine picture to have drawn the Sage and her at this time in their
+several attitudes. He did not know, all the while, how much he was
+honoured. I told him afterwards. I never saw him so gentle and
+complaisant as this day.
+
+We went to tea. The duke and I walked up and down the drawing-room,
+conversing. The duchess still continued to shew the same marked coldness
+for me; for which, though I suffered from it, I made every allowance,
+considering the very warm part that I had taken for Douglas, in the
+cause in which she thought her son deeply interested. Had not her grace
+discovered some displeasure towards me, I should have suspected her of
+insensibility or dissimulation.
+
+Her grace made Dr. Johnson come and sit by her, and asked him why he
+made his journey so late in the year. 'Why, madam, (said he,) you know
+Mr. Boswell must attend the Court of Session, and it does not rise till
+the twelfth of August.' She said, with some sharpness, 'I _know nothing_
+of Mr. Boswell.' Poor Lady Lucy Douglas[963], to whom I mentioned this,
+observed, 'She knew _too much_ of Mr. Boswell.' I shall make no remark
+on her grace's speech. I indeed felt it as rather too severe; but when I
+recollected that my punishment was inflicted by so dignified a beauty, I
+had that kind of consolation which a man would feel who is strangled by
+a _silken cord_. Dr. Johnson was all attention to her grace. He used
+afterwards a droll expression, upon her enjoying the three titles of
+Hamilton, Brandon, and Argyle[964]. Borrowing an image from the Turkish
+empire, he called her a _Duchess_ with _three tails_.
+
+He was much pleased with our visit at the castle of Inverary. The Duke
+of Argyle was exceedingly polite to him, and upon his complaining of the
+shelties which he had hitherto ridden being too small for him, his grace
+told him he should be provided with a good horse to carry him next day.
+
+Mr. John M'Aulay passed the evening with us at our inn. When Dr. Johnson
+spoke of people whose principles were good, but whose practice was
+faulty, Mr. M'Aulay said, he had no notion of people being in earnest in
+their good professions, whose practice was not suitable to them. The
+Doctor grew warm, and said, 'Sir, you are so grossly ignorant of human
+nature, as not to know that a man may be very sincere in good
+principles, without having good practice[965]!'
+
+Dr. Johnson was unquestionably in the right; and whoever examines
+himself candidly, will be satisfied of it, though the inconsistency
+between principles and practice is greater in some men than in others.
+
+I recollect very little of this night's conversation. I am sorry that
+indolence came upon me towards the conclusion of our journey, so that I
+did not write down what passed with the same assiduity as during the
+greatest part of it.
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, OCTOBER 26.
+
+Mr. M'Aulay breakfasted with us, nothing hurt or dismayed by his last
+night's correction. Being a man of good sense, he had a just admiration
+of Dr. Johnson.
+
+Either yesterday morning, or this, I communicated to Dr. Johnson, from
+Mr. M'Aulay's information, the news that Dr. Beattie had got a pension
+of two hundred pounds a year[966]. He sat up in his bed, clapped his
+hands, and cried, 'O brave we[967]!'--a peculiar exclamation of his
+when he rejoices[968].
+
+As we sat over our tea, Mr. Home's tragedy of _Douglas_ was mentioned. I
+put Dr. Johnson in mind, that once, in a coffee house at Oxford, he
+called to old Mr. Sheridan, 'How came you, Sir, to give Home a gold
+medal for writing that foolish play?' and defied Mr. Sheridan to shew
+ten good lines in it. He did not insist they should be together; but
+that there were not ten good lines in the whole play[969]. He now
+persisted in this. I endeavoured to defend that pathetick and beautiful
+tragedy, and repeated the following passage:--
+
+     --'Sincerity,
+     Thou first of virtues! let no mortal leave
+     Thy onward path, although the earth should gape,
+     And from the gulph of hell destruction cry,
+     To take dissimulation's winding way[970].'
+
+JOHNSON. 'That will not do, Sir. Nothing is good but what is consistent
+with truth or probability, which this is not. Juvenal, indeed, gives us
+a noble picture of inflexible virtue:--
+
+     "Esto bonus miles, tutor bonus, arbiter idem
+     Integer: ambiguae si quando citabere testis,
+     Incertaeque rei, Phalaris licet imperet ut sis,
+     Falsus, et admoto dictet perjuria tauro,
+     Summum crede nefas animam praeferre pudori,
+     Et propter vitam vivendi perdere causas[2]."'
+
+He repeated the lines with great force and dignity; then
+added, 'And, after this, comes Johnny Home, with his _earth
+gaping_, and his _destruction crying_:--Pooh[971]!'
+
+While we were lamenting the number of ruined religious buildings which
+we had lately seen, I spoke with peculiar feeling of the miserable
+neglect of the chapel belonging to the palace of Holyrood-house, in
+which are deposited the remains of many of the Kings of Scotland, and
+many of our nobility. I said, it was a disgrace to the country that it
+was not repaired: and particularly complained that my friend Douglas,
+the representative of a great house and proprietor of a vast estate,
+should suffer the sacred spot where his mother lies interred, to be
+unroofed, and exposed to all the inclemencies of the weather. Dr.
+Johnson, who, I know not how, had formed an opinion on the Hamilton
+side, in the Douglas cause, slily answered, 'Sir, Sir, don't be too
+severe upon the gentleman; don't accuse him of want of filial piety!
+Lady Jane Douglas was not _his_ mother.' He roused my zeal so much that
+I took the liberty to tell him he knew nothing of the cause: which I do
+most seriously believe was the case[972].
+
+We were now 'in a country of bridles and saddles[973],' and set out
+fully equipped. The Duke of Argyle was obliging enough to mount Dr.
+Johnson on a stately steed from his grace's stable. My friend was highly
+pleased, and Joseph said, 'He now looks like a bishop.'
+
+We dined at the inn at Tarbat, and at night came to Rosedow, the
+beautiful seat of Sir James Colquhoun, on the banks of Lochlomond, where
+I, and any friends whom I have introduced, have ever been received with
+kind and elegant hospitality.
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 27.
+
+When I went into Dr. Johnson's room this morning, I observed to him how
+wonderfully courteous he had been at Inveraray, and said, 'You were
+quite a fine gentleman, when with the duchess.' He answered, in good
+humour, 'Sir, I look upon myself as a very polite man:' and he was
+right, in a proper manly sense of the word[974]. As an immediate proof
+of it, let me observe, that he would not send back the Duke of Argyle's
+horse without a letter of thanks, which I copied.
+
+'TO HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF ARGYLE.
+
+'MY LORD,
+
+'That kindness which disposed your grace to supply me with the horse,
+which I have now returned, will make you pleased to hear that he has
+carried me well.
+
+'By my diligence in the little commission with which I was honoured by
+the duchess[975], I will endeavour to shew how highly I value the
+favours which I have received, and how much I desire to be thought,
+
+'My Lord,
+
+'Your Grace's most obedient,
+
+'And most humble servant,
+
+'SAM. JOHNSON.'
+
+'Rosedow, Oct. 29, 1773.'
+
+The duke was so attentive to his respectable[976] guest, that on the
+same day, he wrote him an answer, which was received at Auchinleck:--
+
+'TO DR. JOHNSON, AUCHINLECK, AYRSHIRE.
+
+'SIR,  'I am glad to hear your journey from this place was not
+unpleasant, in regard to your horse. I wish I could have supplied you
+with good weather, which I am afraid you felt the want of.
+
+'The Duchess of Argyle desires her compliments to you, and is much
+obliged to you for remembering her commission.
+
+'I am, Sir,
+
+'Your most obedient humble servant,
+
+'ARGYLE.'
+
+'Inveraray, Oct. 29, 1773.'
+
+I am happy to insert every memorial of the honour done to my great
+friend. Indeed, I was at all times desirous to preserve the letters
+which he received from eminent persons, of which, as of all other
+papers, he was very negligent; and I once proposed to him, that they
+should be committed to my care, as his _Custos Rotulorum_. I wish he had
+complied with my request, as by that means many valuable writings might
+have been preserved, that are now lost[977].
+
+After breakfast, Dr. Johnson and I were furnished with a boat, and
+sailed about upon Lochlomond, and landed on some of the islands which
+are interspersed[978]. He was much pleased with the scene, which is so
+well known by the accounts of various travellers, that it is unnecessary
+for me to attempt any description of it.
+
+I recollect none of his conversation, except that, when talking of
+dress, he said, 'Sir, were I to have any thing fine, it should be very
+fine. Were I to wear a ring, it should not be a bauble, but a stone of
+great value. Were I to wear a laced or embroidered waistcoat, it should
+be very rich. I had once a very rich laced waistcoat, which I wore the
+first night of my tragedy[979].'  Lady Helen Colquhoun being a very
+pious woman, the conversation, after dinner, took a religious turn. Her
+ladyship defended the presbyterian mode of publick worship; upon which
+Dr. Johnson delivered those excellent arguments for a form of prayer
+which he has introduced into his _Journey_[980]. I am myself fully
+convinced that a form of prayer for publick worship is in general most
+decent and edifying. _Solennia verba_ have a kind of prescriptive
+sanctity, and make a deeper impression on the mind than extemporaneous
+effusions, in which, as we know not what they are to be, we cannot
+readily acquiesce. Yet I would allow also of a certain portion of
+extempore address, as occasion may require. This is the practice of the
+French Protestant churches. And although the office of forming
+supplications to the throne of Heaven is, in my mind, too great a trust
+to be indiscriminately committed to the discretion of every minister, I
+do not mean to deny that sincere devotion may be experienced when
+joining in prayer with those who use no Liturgy.
+
+We were favoured with Sir James Colquhoun's coach to convey us in the
+evening to Cameron, the seat of Commissary Smollet[981]. Our
+satisfaction of finding ourselves again in a comfortable carriage was
+very great. We had a pleasing conviction of the commodiousness of
+civilization, and heartily laughed at the ravings of those absurd
+visionaries who have attempted to persuade us of the superior advantages
+of a _state of nature_[982].
+
+Mr. Smollet was a man of considerable learning, with abundance of animal
+spirits; so that he was a very good companion for Dr. Johnson, who said
+to me, 'We have had more solid talk here than at any place where we
+have been.'
+
+I remember Dr. Johnson gave us this evening an able and eloquent
+discourse on the _Origin of Evil_[983], and on the consistency of moral
+evil with the power and goodness of GOD. He shewed us how it arose from
+our free agency, an extinction of which would be a still greater evil
+than any we experience. I know not that he said any thing absolutely
+new, but he said a great deal wonderfully well; and perceiving us to be
+delighted and satisfied, he concluded his harangue with an air of
+benevolent triumph over an objection which has distressed many worthy
+minds: 'This then is the answer to the question, _Pothen to Kakon_?'
+Mrs. Smollet whispered me, that it was the best sermon she had ever
+heard. Much do I upbraid myself for having neglected to preserve it.
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, OCTOBER 28.
+
+Mr. Smollet pleased Dr. Johnson, by producing a collection of
+newspapers in the time of the Usurpation, from which it appeared that
+all sorts of crimes were very frequent during that horrible anarchy. By
+the side of the high road to Glasgow, at some distance from his house,
+he had erected a pillar to the memory of his ingenious kinsman, Dr.
+Smollet; and he consulted Dr. Johnson as to an inscription for it. Lord
+Kames, who, though he had a great store of knowledge, with much
+ingenuity, and uncommon activity of mind, was no profound scholar, had
+it seems recommended an English inscription[984]. Dr. Johnson treated
+this with great contempt, saying, 'An English inscription would be a
+disgrace to Dr. Smollet[985];' and, in answer to what Lord Kames had
+urged, as to the advantage of its being in English, because it would be
+generally understood, I observed, that all to whom Dr. Smollet's merit
+could be an object of respect and imitation, would understand it as well
+in Latin; and that surely it was not meant for the Highland drovers, or
+other such people, who pass and repass that way.
+
+We were then shewn a Latin inscription, proposed for this monument. Dr.
+Johnson sat down with an ardent and liberal earnestness to revise it,
+and greatly improved it by several additions and variations. I
+unfortunately did not take a copy of it, as it originally stood; but I
+have happily preserved every fragment of what Dr. Johnson wrote:--
+
+    Quisquis ades, viator[986],
+    Vel mente felix, vel studiis cultus,
+    Immorare paululum memoriae
+    TOBIAE SMOLLET, M.D.
+    Viri iis virtutibus
+    Quas in homine et cive
+    Et laudes, et imiteris,
+
+    Postquam mira--
+    Se ----
+
+    Tali tantoque viro, suo patrueli,
+
+    Hanc columnam,
+    Amoris eheu! inane monumentum,
+    In ipsis Leviniae ripis,
+    Quas primis infans vagitibus personuit,
+    Versiculisque jam fere moriturus illustravit[987],
+    Ponendam curavit[988].
+
+We had this morning a singular proof of Dr. Johnson's quick and
+retentive memory. Hay's translation of _Martial_ was lying in a window.
+I said, I thought it was pretty well done, and shewed him a particular
+epigram, I think, of ten, but am certain of eight, lines. He read it,
+and tossed away the book, saying--'No, it is not pretty well.' As I
+persisted in my opinion, he said, 'Why, Sir, the original is
+thus,'--(and he repeated it;) 'and this man's translation is thus,'--and
+then he repeated that also, exactly, though he had never seen it before,
+and read it over only once, and that too, without any intention of
+getting it by heart[989].
+
+Here a post-chaise, which I had ordered from Glasgow, came for us, and
+we drove on in high spirits. We stopped at Dunbarton, and though the
+approach to the castle there is very steep, Dr. Johnson ascended it with
+alacrity, and surveyed all that was to be seen. During the whole of our
+Tour he shewed uncommon spirit, could not bear to be treated like an old
+or infirm man, and was very unwilling to accept of any assistance,
+insomuch that, at our landing at Icolmkill, when Sir Allan M'Lean and I
+submitted to be carried on men's shoulders from the boat to the shore,
+as it could not be brought quite close to land, he sprang into the sea,
+and waded vigorously out.  On our arrival at the Saracen's Head Inn, at
+Glasgow, I was made happy by good accounts from home; and Dr. Johnson,
+who had not received a single letter since we left Aberdeen[990], found
+here a great many, the perusal of which entertained him much. He enjoyed
+in imagination the comforts which we could now command, and seemed to be
+in high glee. I remember, he put a leg up on each side of the grate, and
+said, with a mock solemnity, by way of soliloquy, but loud enough for me
+to hear it, 'Here am I, an ENGLISH man, sitting by a _coal_ fire.'
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, OCTOBER 29.
+
+The professors[991] of the University being informed of our arrival, Dr.
+Stevenson, Dr. Reid[992], and Mr. Anderson breakfasted with us. Mr.
+Anderson accompanied us while Dr. Johnson viewed this beautiful city. He
+had told me, that one day in London, when Dr. Adam Smith was boasting of
+it, he turned to him and said, 'Pray, Sir, have you ever seen
+Brentford[993]?' This was surely a strong instance of his impatience,
+and spirit of contradiction. I put him in mind of it to-day, while he
+expressed his admiration of the elegant buildings, and whispered him,
+'Don't you feel some remorse[994]?'
+
+We were received in the college by a number of the professors, who
+shewed all due respect to Dr. Johnson; and then we paid a visit to the
+principal, Dr. Leechman[995], at his own house, where Dr. Johnson had
+the satisfaction of being told that his name had been gratefully
+celebrated in one of the parochial congregations in the Highlands, as
+the person to whose influence it was chiefly owing that the New
+Testament was allowed to be translated into the Erse language. It seems
+some political members of the Society in Scotland for propagating
+Christian Knowledge had opposed this pious undertaking, as tending to
+preserve the distinction between the Highlanders and Lowlanders. Dr.
+Johnson wrote a long letter upon the subject to a friend, which being
+shewn to them, made them ashamed, and afraid of being publickly exposed;
+so they were forced to a compliance. It is now in my possession, and is,
+perhaps, one of the best productions of his masterly pen[996].
+
+Professors Reid and Anderson, and the two Messieurs Foulis, the Elzevirs
+of Glasgow, dined and drank tea with us at our inn, after which the
+professors went away; and I, having a letter to write, left my
+fellow-traveller with Messieurs Foulis. Though good and ingenious men,
+they had that unsettled speculative mode of conversation which is
+offensive to a man regularly taught at an English school and university.
+I found that, instead of listening to the dictates of the Sage, they
+had teazed him with questions and doubtful disputations. He came in a
+flutter to me, and desired I might come back again, for he could not
+bear these men. 'O ho! Sir, (said I,) you are flying to me for refuge!'
+He never, in any situation, was at a loss for a ready repartee. He
+answered, with a quick vivacity, 'It is of two evils choosing the
+least.' I was delighted with this flash bursting from the cloud which
+hung upon his mind, closed my letter directly, and joined the company.
+
+We supped at Professor Anderson's. The general impression upon my memory
+is, that we had not much conversation at Glasgow, where the professors,
+like their brethren at Aberdeen[997], did not venture to expose
+themselves much to the battery of cannon which they knew might play upon
+them[998]. Dr. Johnson, who was fully conscious of his own superior
+powers, afterwards praised Principal Robertson for his caution in this
+respect[999]. He said to me, 'Robertson, Sir, was in the right.
+Robertson is a man of eminence, and the head of a college at Edinburgh.
+He had a character to maintain, and did well not to risk its being
+lessened.'
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, OCTOBER 30.
+
+We set out towards Ayrshire. I sent Joseph on to Loudoun, with a
+message, that, if the Earl was at home, Dr. Johnson and I would have the
+honour to dine with him. Joseph met us on the road, and reported that
+the Earl '_jumped for joy,_' and said, 'I shall be very happy to see
+them.' We were received with a most pleasing courtesy by his Lordship,
+and by the Countess his mother, who, in her ninety-fifth year, had all
+her faculties quite unimpaired[1000]. This was a very cheering sight to
+Dr. Johnson, who had an extraordinary desire for long life. Her
+ladyship was sensible and well-informed, and had seen a great deal of
+the world. Her lord had held several high offices, and she was sister to
+the great Earl of Stair[1001].
+
+I cannot here refrain from paying a just tribute to the character of
+John Earl of Loudoun, who did more service to the county of Ayr in
+general, as well as to the individuals in it, than any man we have ever
+had. It is painful to think that he met with much ingratitude from
+persons both in high and low rank: but such was his temper, such his
+knowledge of 'base mankind[1002],' that, as if he had expected no other
+return, his mind was never soured, and he retained his good-humour and
+benevolence to the last. The tenderness of his heart was proved in
+1745-6, when he had an important command in the Highlands, and behaved
+with a generous humanity to the unfortunate. I cannot figure a more
+honest politician; for, though his interest in our county was great, and
+generally successful, he not only did not deceive by fallacious
+promises, but was anxious that people should not deceive themselves by
+too sanguine expectations. His kind and dutiful attention to his mother
+was unremitted. At his house was true hospitality; a plain but a
+plentiful table; and every guest, being left at perfect freedom, felt
+himself quite easy and happy. While I live, I shall honour the memory of
+this amiable man[1003].
+
+At night, we advanced a few miles farther, to the house of Mr. Campbell
+of Treesbank, who was married to one of my wife's sisters, and were
+entertained very agreeably by a worthy couple.
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, OCTOBER 31.
+
+We reposed here in tranquillity. Dr. Johnson was pleased to find a
+numerous and excellent collection of books, which had mostly belonged to
+the Reverend Mr. John Campbell, brother of our host. I was desirous to
+have procured for my fellow-traveller, to-day, the company of Sir John
+Cuninghame, of Caprington, whose castle was but two miles from us. He
+was a very distinguished scholar, was long abroad, and during part of
+the time lived much with the learned Cuninghame[1004], the opponent of
+Bentley as a critick upon Horace. He wrote Latin with great elegance,
+and, what is very remarkable, read Homer and Ariosto through every year.
+I wrote to him to request he would come to us; but unfortunately he was
+prevented by indisposition.
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, NOVEMBER 1.
+
+Though Dr. Johnson was lazy, and averse to move, I insisted that he
+should go with me, and pay a visit to the Countess of Eglintoune, mother
+of the late and present earl. I assured him, he would find himself amply
+recompensed for the trouble; and he yielded to my solicitations, though
+with some unwillingness. We were well mounted, and had not many miles to
+ride. He talked of the attention that is necessary in order to
+distribute our charity judiciously. 'If thoughtlessly done, we may
+neglect the most deserving objects; and, as every man has but a certain
+proportion to give, if it is lavished upon those who first present
+themselves, there may be nothing left for such as have a better claim. A
+man should first relieve those who are nearly connected with him, by
+whatever tie; and then, if he has any thing to spare, may extend his
+bounty to a wider circle.[1005]'
+
+As we passed very near the castle of Dundonald, which was one of the
+many residences of the kings of Scotland, and in which Robert the Second
+lived and died, Dr. Johnson wished to survey it particularly. It stands
+on a beautiful rising ground, which is seen at a great distance on
+several quarters, and from whence there is an extensive prospect of the
+rich district of Cuninghame, the western sea, the isle of Arran, and a
+part of the northern coast of Ireland. It has long been unroofed; and,
+though of considerable size, we could not, by any power of imagination,
+figure it as having been a suitable habitation for majesty[1006]. Dr.
+Johnson, to irritate my _old Scottish_[1007] enthusiasm, was very
+jocular on the homely accommodation of 'King _Bob_,' and roared and
+laughed till the ruins echoed.
+
+Lady Eglintoune, though she was now in her eighty-fifth year, and had
+lived in the retirement of the country for almost half a century, was
+still a very agreeable woman. She was of the noble house of Kennedy, and
+had all the elevation which the consciousness of such birth inspires.
+Her figure was majestick, her manners high-bred, her reading extensive,
+and her conversation elegant. She had been the admiration of the gay
+circles of life, and the patroness of poets[1008]. Dr. Johnson was
+delighted with his reception here. Her principles in church and state
+were congenial with his. She knew all his merit, and had heard much of
+him from her son, Earl Alexander[1009], who loved to cultivate the
+acquaintance of men of talents, in every department.
+
+All who knew his lordship, will allow that his understanding and
+accomplishments were of no ordinary rate. From the gay habits which he
+had early acquired, he spent too much of his time with men, and in
+pursuits far beneath such a mind as his. He afterwards became sensible
+of it, and turned his thoughts to objects of importance; but was cut off
+in the prime of his life. I cannot speak, but with emotions of the most
+affectionate regret, of one, in whose company many of my early days were
+passed, and to whose kindness I was much indebted.
+
+Often must I have occasion to upbraid myself, that soon after our return
+to the main land, I allowed indolence to prevail over me so much, as to
+shrink from the labour of continuing my journal with the same minuteness
+as before; sheltering myself in the thought, that we had done with the
+Hebrides; and not considering, that Dr. Johnson's Memorabilia were
+likely to be more valuable when we were restored to a more polished
+society. Much has thus been irrecoverably lost.
+
+In the course of our conversation this day, it came out, that Lady
+Eglintoune was married the year before Dr. Johnson was born; upon which
+she graciously said to him, that she might have been his mother; and
+that she now adopted him; and when we were going away, she embraced him,
+saying, 'My dear son, farewell[1010]!' My friend was much pleased with
+this day's entertainment, and owned that I had done well to force
+him out.
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 2.
+
+We were now in a country not only '_of saddles and bridles_[1011],' but
+of post-chaises; and having ordered one from Kilmarnock, we got to
+Auchinleck[1012] before dinner.
+
+My father was not quite a year and a half older than Dr. Johnson; but
+his conscientious discharge of his laborious duty as a judge in
+Scotland, where the law proceedings are almost all in writing,--a severe
+complaint which ended in his death,--and the loss of my mother, a woman
+of almost unexampled piety and goodness,--had before this time in some
+degree affected his spirits[1013], and rendered him less disposed to
+exert his faculties: for he had originally a very strong mind, and
+cheerful temper. He assured me, he never had felt one moment of what is
+called low spirits, or uneasiness, without a real cause. He had a great
+many good stories, which he told uncommonly well, and he was remarkable
+for 'humour, _incolumi gravitate_[1014],' as Lord Monboddo used to
+characterise it. His age, his office, and his character, had long given
+him an acknowledged claim to great attention, in whatever company he
+was; and he could ill brook any diminution of it. He was as sanguine a
+Whig and Presbyterian, as Dr. Johnson was a Tory and Church of England
+man: and as he had not much leisure to be informed of Dr. Johnson's
+great merits by reading his works, he had a partial and unfavourable
+notion of him, founded on his supposed political tenets; which were so
+discordant to his own, that instead of speaking of him with that respect
+to which he was entitled, he used to call him 'a _Jacobite fellow_.'
+Knowing all this, I should not have ventured to bring them together, had
+not my father, out of kindness to me, desired me to invite Dr. Johnson
+to his house.
+
+I was very anxious that all should be well; and begged of my friend to
+avoid three topicks, as to which they differed very widely; Whiggism,
+Presbyterianism, and--Sir John Pringle.[1015] He said courteously, 'I
+shall certainly not talk on subjects which I am told are disagreeable to
+a gentleman under whose roof I am; especially, I shall not do so to
+_your father_.'
+
+Our first day went off very smoothly. It rained, and we could not get
+out; but my father shewed Dr. Johnson his library, which in curious
+editions of the Greek and Roman classicks, is, I suppose, not excelled
+by any private collection in Great Britain. My father had studied at
+Leyden, and been very intimate with the Gronovii, and other learned men
+there. He was a sound scholar, and, in particular, had collated
+manuscripts and different editions of _Anacreon_, and others of the
+Greek Lyrick poets, with great care; so that my friend and he had much
+matter for conversation, without touching on the fatal topicks of
+difference.
+
+Dr. Johnson found here Baxter's _Anacreon_[1016], which he told me he
+had long enquired for in vain, and began to suspect there was no such
+book. Baxter was the keen antagonist of Barnes[1017]. His life is in
+the _Biographia Britannica_[1018]. My father has written many notes on
+this book, and Dr. Johnson and I talked of having it reprinted.
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 3.
+
+It rained all day, and gave Dr. Johnson an impression of that
+incommodiousness of climate in the west, of which he has taken notice in
+his _Journey_[1019]; but, being well accommodated, and furnished with
+variety of books, he was not dissatisfied.
+
+Some gentlemen of the neighbourhood came to visit my father; but there
+was little conversation. One of them asked Dr. Johnson how he liked the
+Highlands. The question seemed to irritate him, for he answered, 'How,
+Sir, can you ask me what obliges me to speak unfavourably of a country
+where I have been hospitably entertained? Who _can_ like the
+Highlands[1020]? I like the inhabitants very well[1021].' The gentleman
+asked no more questions.
+
+Let me now make up for the present neglect, by again gleaning from the
+past. At Lord Monboddo's, after the conversation upon the decrease of
+learning in England, his Lordship mentioned _Hermes_, by Mr. Harris of
+Salisbury[1022], as the work of a living authour, for whom he had a
+great respect. Dr. Johnson said nothing at the time; but when we were in
+our post-chaise, he told me, he thought Harris 'a coxcomb.' This he
+said of him, not as a man, but as an authour[1023]; and I give his
+opinions of men and books, faithfully, whether they agree with my own or
+not. I do admit, that there always appeared to me something of
+affectation in Mr. Harris's manner of writing; something of a habit of
+clothing plain thoughts in analytick and categorical formality. But all
+his writings are imbued with learning; and all breathe that philanthropy
+and amiable disposition, which distinguished him as a man[1024].
+
+At another time, during our Tour, he drew the character of a rapacious
+Highland Chief[1025] with the strength of Theophrastus or la Bruyere;
+concluding with these words:--'Sir, he has no more the soul of a Chief,
+than an attorney who has twenty houses in a street, and considers how
+much he can make by them.'
+
+He this day, when we were by ourselves, observed, how common it was for
+people to talk from books; to retail the sentiment's of others, and not
+their own; in short, to converse without any originality of thinking. He
+was pleased to say, 'You and I do not talk from books[1026].'
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 4.
+
+I was glad to have at length a very fine day, on which I could shew Dr.
+Johnson the _Place_ of my family, which he has honoured with so much
+attention in his _Journey_. He is, however, mistaken in thinking that
+the Celtick name, _Auchinleck_, has no relation to the natural
+appearance of it. I believe every Celtick name of a place will be found
+very descriptive. _Auchinleck_ does not signify a _stony field_, as he
+has said, but a _field of flag stones_; and this place has a number of
+rocks, which abound in strata of that kind. The 'sullen dignity of the
+old castle,' as he has forcibly expressed it, delighted him
+exceedingly.[1027] On one side of the rock on which its ruins stand,
+runs the river Lugar, which is here of considerable breadth, and is
+bordered by other high rocks, shaded with wood. On the other side runs a
+brook, skirted in the same manner, but on a smaller scale. I cannot
+figure a more romantick scene.
+
+I felt myself elated here, and expatiated to my illustrious Mentor on
+the antiquity and honourable alliances of my family, and on the merits
+of its founder, Thomas Boswell, who was highly favoured by his
+sovereign, James IV. of Scotland, and fell with him at the battle of
+Flodden-field[1028]; and in the glow of what, I am sensible, will, in a
+commercial age, be considered as genealogical enthusiasm, did not omit
+to mention what I was sure my friend would not think lightly of, my
+relation[1029] to the Royal Personage, whose liberality, on his
+accession to the throne, had given him comfort and independence[1030].
+I have, in a former page[1031], acknowledged my pride of ancient blood,
+in which I was encouraged by Dr. Johnson: my readers therefore will not
+be surprised at my having indulged it on this occasion.
+
+Not far from the old castle is a spot of consecrated earth, on which may
+be traced the foundations of an ancient chapel, dedicated to St.
+Vincent, and where in old times 'was the place of graves' for the
+family. It grieves me to think that the remains of sanctity here, which
+were considerable, were dragged away, and employed in building a part of
+the house of Auchinleck, of the middle age; which was the family
+residence, till my father erected that 'elegant modern mansion,' of
+which Dr. Johnson speaks so handsomely. Perhaps this chapel may one day
+be restored.
+
+Dr. Johnson was pleased when I shewed him some venerable old trees,
+under the shade of which my ancestors had walked. He exhorted me to
+plant assiduously[1032], as my father had done to a great extent.
+
+As I wandered with my reverend friend in the groves of Auchinleck, I
+told him, that, if I survived him, it was my intention to erect a
+monument to him here, among scenes which, in my mind, were all
+classical; for in my youth I had appropriated to them many of the
+descriptions of the Roman poets. He could not bear to have death
+presented to him in any shape; for his constitutional melancholy made
+the king of terrours more frightful. He turned off the subject, saying,
+'Sir, I hope to see your grand-children!'
+
+This forenoon he observed some cattle without horns, of which he has
+taken notice in his _Journey_[1033], and seems undecided whether they be
+of a particular race. His doubts appear to have had no foundation; for
+my respectable neighbour, Mr. Fairlie, who, with all his attention to
+agriculture, finds time both for the classicks and his friends, assures
+me they are a distinct species, and that, when any of their calves have
+horns, a mixture of breed can be traced. In confirmation of his opinion,
+he pointed out to me the following passage in Tacitus,--'_Ne armentis
+quidem suus honor, aut gloria frontis_[1034];' (_De mor. Germ. Sec. 5_)
+which he wondered had escaped Dr. Johnson.
+
+On the front of the house of Auchinleck is this inscription:--
+
+     'Quod petis, hic est;
+     Est Ulubris; animus si te non deficit aequus[1035].'
+
+It is characteristick of the founder; but the _animus aequus_ is, alas!
+not inheritable, nor the subject of devise. He always talked to me as if
+it were in a man's own power to attain it; but Dr. Johnson told me that
+he owned to him, when they were alone, his persuasion that it was in a
+great measure constitutional, or the effect of causes which do not
+depend on ourselves, and that Horace boasts too much, when he says,
+_aequum mi animum ipse parabo_[1036].
+
+
+
+
+FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 5.
+
+The Reverend Mr. Dun, our parish minister, who had dined with us
+yesterday, with some other company, insisted that Dr. Johnson and I
+should dine with him to-day. This gave me an opportunity to shew my
+friend the road to the church, made by my father at a great expence, for
+above three miles, on his own estate, through a range of well enclosed
+farms, with a row of trees on each side of it. He called it the _Via
+sacra_, and was very fond of it.[1037]Dr. Johnson, though he held
+notions far distant from those of the Presbyterian clergy, yet could
+associate on good terms with them. He indeed occasionally attacked
+them. One of them discovered a narrowness of information concerning the
+dignitaries of the Church of England, among whom may be found men of the
+greatest learning, virtue, and piety, and of a truly apostolic
+character. He talked before Dr. Johnson, of fat bishops and drowsy
+deans; and, in short, seemed to believe the illiberal and profane
+scoffings of professed satyrists, or vulgar railers. Dr. Johnson was so
+highly offended, that he said to him, 'Sir, you know no more of our
+Church than a Hottentot[1038].' I was sorry that he brought this
+upon himself.
+
+
+
+
+SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 6.
+
+I cannot be certain, whether it was on this day, or a former, that Dr.
+Johnson and my father came in collision. If I recollect right, the
+contest began while my father was shewing him his collection of medals;
+and Oliver Cromwell's coin unfortunately introduced Charles the First,
+and Toryism. They became exceedingly warm, and violent, and I was very
+much distressed by being present at such an altercation between two men,
+both of whom I reverenced; yet I durst not interfere. It would certainly
+be very unbecoming in me to exhibit my honoured father, and my respected
+friend, as intellectual gladiators, for the entertainment of the
+publick: and therefore I suppress what would, I dare say, make an
+interesting scene in this dramatick sketch,--this account of the
+transit of Johnson over the Caledonian Hemisphere[1039].
+
+Yet I think I may, without impropriety, mention one circumstance, as an
+instance of my father's address. Dr. Johnson challenged him, as he did
+us all at Talisker[1040], to point out any theological works of merit
+written by Presbyterian ministers in Scotland. My father, whose studies
+did not lie much in that way, owned to me afterwards, that he was
+somewhat at a loss how to answer, but that luckily he recollected having
+read in catalogues the title of _Durham on the Galatians_; upon which he
+boldly said, 'Pray, Sir, have you read Mr. Durham's excellent commentary
+on the Galatians?' 'No, Sir,' said Dr. Johnson. By this lucky thought my
+father kept him at bay, and for some time enjoyed his triumph[1041]; but
+his antagonist soon made a retort, which I forbear to mention.
+
+In the course of their altercation, Whiggism and Presbyterianism,
+Toryism and Episcopacy, were terribly buffeted. My worthy hereditary
+friend, Sir John Pringle, never having been mentioned, happily escaped
+without a bruise.
+
+My father's opinion of Dr. Johnson may be conjectured from the name he
+afterwards gave him, which was URSA MAJOR[1042]. But it is not true, as
+has been reported, that it was in consequence of my saying that he was a
+_constellation_[1043] of genius and literature. It was a sly abrupt
+expression to one of his brethren on the bench of the Court of Session,
+in which Dr. Johnson was then standing; but it was not said in
+his hearing.
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 7.
+
+My father and I went to publick worship in our parish-church, in which I
+regretted that Dr. Johnson would not join us; for, though we have there
+no form of prayer, nor magnificent solemnity, yet, as GOD is worshipped
+in spirit and in truth, and the same doctrines preached as in the Church
+of England, my friend would certainly have shewn more liberality, had he
+attended. I doubt not, however, but he employed his time in private to
+very good purpose. His uniform and fervent piety was manifested on many
+occasions during our Tour, which I have not mentioned. His reason for
+not joining in Presbyterian worship has been recorded in a former
+page[1044].
+
+
+
+
+MONDAY, NOVEMBER 8.
+
+Notwithstanding the altercation that had passed, my father, who had the
+dignified courtesy of an old Baron, was very civil to Dr. Johnson, and
+politely attended him to the post-chaise, which was to convey us to
+Edinburgh[1045].
+
+Thus they parted. They are now in another, and a higher, state of
+existence: and as they were both worthy Christian men, I trust they have
+met in happiness. But I must observe, in justice to my friend's
+political principles, and my own, that they have met in a place where
+there is no room for _Whiggism_[1046].
+
+We came at night to a good inn at Hamilton. I recollect no more.
+
+
+
+
+TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 9.
+
+I wished to have shewn Dr. Johnson the Duke of Hamilton's house,
+commonly called the _Palace_ of Hamilton, which is close by the town. It
+is an object which, having been pointed out to me as a splendid edifice,
+from my earliest years, in travelling between Auchinleck and Edinburgh,
+has still great grandeur in my imagination. My friend consented to stop,
+and view the outside of it, but could not be persuaded to go into it.
+
+We arrived this night at Edinburgh, after an absence of eighty-three
+days. For five weeks together, of the tempestuous season, there had been
+no account received of us. I cannot express how happy I was on finding
+myself again at home.
+
+
+
+
+WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 10.
+
+Old Mr. Drummond, the bookseller[1047], came to breakfast. Dr. Johnson
+and he had not met for ten years. There was respect on his side, and
+kindness on Dr. Johnson's. Soon afterwards Lord Elibank came in, and was
+much pleased at seeing Dr. Johnson in Scotland. His lordship said,
+'hardly any thing seemed to him more improbable.' Dr. Johnson had a
+very high opinion of him. Speaking of him to me, he characterized him
+thus: 'Lord Elibank has read a great deal. It is true, I can find in
+books all that he has read; but he has a great deal of what is in books,
+proved by the test of real life.' Indeed, there have been few men whose
+conversation discovered more knowledge enlivened by fancy. He published
+several small pieces of distinguished merit; and has left some in
+manuscript, in particular an account of the expedition against
+Carthagena, in which he served as an officer in the army. His writings
+deserve to be collected. He was the early patron of Dr. Robertson, the
+historian, and Mr. Home, the tragick poet; who, when they were ministers
+of country parishes, lived near his seat. He told me, 'I saw these lads
+had talents, and they were much with me.' I hope they will pay a
+grateful tribute to his memory[1048].
+
+The morning was chiefly taken up by Dr. Johnson's giving him an account
+of our Tour. The subject of difference in political principles was
+introduced. JOHNSON. 'It is much increased by opposition. There was a
+violent Whig, with whom I used to contend with great eagerness. After
+his death I felt my Toryism much abated.' I suppose he meant Mr.
+Walmsley of Lichfield, whose character he has drawn so well in his _Life
+of Edmund Smith_[1049].  Mr. Nairne[1050] came in, and he and I
+accompanied Dr. Johnson to Edinburgh Castle, which he owned was 'a great
+place.' But I must mention, as a striking instance of that spirit of
+contradiction to which he had a strong propensity, when Lord Elibank was
+some days after talking of it with the natural elation of a Scotchman,
+or of any man who is proud of a stately fortress in his own country, Dr.
+Johnson affected to despise it, observing that 'it would make a good
+_prison_ in ENGLAND.'
+
+Lest it should be supposed that I have suppressed one of his sallies
+against my country, it may not be improper here to correct a mistaken
+account that has been circulated, as to his conversation this day. It
+has been said, that being desired to attend to the noble prospect from
+the Castle-hill, he replied, 'Sir, the noblest prospect that a Scotchman
+ever sees, is the high road that leads him to London.' This lively
+sarcasm was thrown out at a tavern[1051] in London, in my presence, many
+years before.
+
+We had with us to-day at dinner, at my house, the Lady Dowager Colvill,
+and Lady Anne Erskine, sisters of the Earl of Kelly[1052]; the
+Honourable Archibald Erskine, who has now succeeded to that title; Lord
+Elibank; the Reverend Dr. Blair; Mr. Tytler, the acute vindicator of
+Mary Queen of Scots[1053], and some other friends[1054].
+
+_Fingal_ being talked of, Dr. Johnson, who used to boast that he had,
+from the first, resisted both Ossian[1055] and the Giants of
+Patagonia[1056], averred his positive disbelief of its authenticity.
+Lord Elibank said, 'I am sure it is not M'Pherson's. Mr. Johnson, I keep
+company a great deal with you; it is known I do. I may borrow from you
+better things than I can say myself, and give them as my own; but, if I
+should, every body will know whose they are.' The Doctor was not
+softened by this compliment. He denied merit to _Fingal_, supposing it
+to be the production of a man who has had the advantages that the
+present age affords; and said, 'nothing is more easy than to write
+enough in that style if once you begin[1057].'[1058]One gentleman in
+company[1059] expressing his opinion 'that _Fingal_ was certainly
+genuine, for that he had heard a great part of it repeated in the
+original,' Dr. Johnson indignantly asked him whether he understood the
+original; to which an answer being given in the negative, 'Why then,
+(said Dr. Johnson,) we see to what _this_ testimony comes:--thus it is.'
+
+I mentioned this as a remarkable proof how liable the mind of man is to
+credulity, when not guarded by such strict examination as that which Dr.
+Johnson habitually practised.[1060]The talents and integrity of the
+gentleman who made the remark, are unquestionable; yet, had not Dr.
+Johnson made him advert to the consideration, that he who does not
+understand a language, cannot know that something which is recited to
+him is in that language, he might have believed, and reported to this
+hour, that he had 'heard a great part of _Fingal_ repeated in the
+original.'
+
+For the satisfaction of those on the north of the Tweed, who may think
+Dr. Johnson's account of Caledonian credulity and inaccuracy too
+strong,[1061] it is but fair to add, that he admitted the same kind of
+ready belief might be found in his own country. 'He would undertake, (he
+said) to write an epick poem on the story of _Robin Hood_,[1062] and
+half England, to whom the names and places he should mention in it are
+familiar, would believe and declare they had heard it from their
+earliest years.'
+
+One of his objections to the authenticity of _Fingal_, during the
+conversation at Ulinish,[1063] is omitted in my _Journal_, but I
+perfectly recollect it. 'Why is not the original deposited in some
+publick library, instead of exhibiting attestations of its
+existence?[1064] Suppose there were a question in a court of justice,
+whether a man be dead or alive: You aver he is alive, and you bring
+fifty witnesses to swear it: I answer, "Why do you not produce the
+man?"' This is an argument founded upon one of the first principles of
+the _law of evidence_, which _Gilbert_[1065] would have held to be
+irrefragable.
+
+I do not think it incumbent on me to give any precise decided opinion
+upon this question, as to which I believe more than some, and less than
+others.[1066]
+
+The subject appears to have now become very uninteresting to the
+publick. That _Fingal_ is not from beginning to end a translation from
+the Gallick, but that _some_ passages have been supplied by the editor
+to connect the whole, I have heard admitted by very warm advocates for
+its authenticity. If this be the case, why are not these distinctly
+ascertained? Antiquaries, and admirers of the work, may complain, that
+they are in a situation similar to that of the unhappy gentleman, whose
+wife informed him, on her death-bed, that one of their reputed children
+was not his; and, when he eagerly begged her to declare which of them it
+was, she answered, '_That_ you shall never know;' and expired, leaving
+him in irremediable doubt as to them all.
+
+I beg leave now to say something upon _second sight_, of which I have
+related two instances,[1067] as they impressed my mind at the time. I
+own, I returned from the Hebrides with a considerable degree of faith in
+the many stories of that kind which I heard with a too easy
+acquiescence, without any close examination of the evidence: but, since
+that time, my belief in those stories has been much weakened,[1068] by
+reflecting on the careless inaccuracy of narrative in common matters,
+from which we may certainly conclude that there may be the same in what
+is more extraordinary. It is but just, however, to add, that the belief
+in second sight is not peculiar to the Highlands and Isles.[1069]
+
+Some years after our Tour, a cause[1070] was tried in the Court of
+Session, where the principal fact to be ascertained was, whether a
+ship-master, who used to frequent the Western Highlands and Isles, was
+drowned in one particular year, or in the year after. A great number of
+witnesses from those parts were examined on each side, and swore
+directly contrary to each other, upon this simple question. One of them,
+a very respectable Chieftain, who told me a story of second sight, which
+I have not mentioned, but which I too implicitly believed, had in this
+case, previous to this publick examination, not only said, but attested
+under his hand, that he had seen the ship-master in the year subsequent
+to that in which the court was finally satisfied he was drowned. When
+interrogated with the strictness of judicial inquiry, and under the awe
+of an oath, he recollected himself better, and retracted what he had
+formerly asserted, apologising for his inaccuracy, by telling the
+judges, 'A man will _say_ what he will not _swear_.' By many he was much
+censured, and it was maintained that every gentleman would be as
+attentive to truth without the sanction of an oath, as with it. Dr.
+Johnson, though he himself was distinguished at all times by a
+scrupulous adherence to truth, controverted this proposition; and as a
+proof that this was not, though it ought to be, the case, urged the very
+different decisions of elections under Mr. Grenville's Act,[1071] from
+those formerly made. 'Gentlemen will not pronounce upon oath what they
+would have said, and voted in the house, without that sanction.'
+
+However difficult it may be for men who believe in preternatural
+communications, in modern times, to satisfy those who are of a different
+opinion, they may easily refute the doctrine of their opponents, who
+impute a belief in _second sight_ to _superstition_. To entertain a
+visionary notion that one sees a distant or future event, may be called
+_superstition_: but the correspondence of the fact or event with such an
+impression on the fancy, though certainly very wonderful, _if proved_,
+has no more connection with superstition, than magnetism or electricity.
+
+After dinner, various topicks were discussed; but I recollect only one
+particular. Dr. Johnson compared the different talents of Garrick and
+Foote,[1072] as companions, and gave Garrick greatly the preference for
+elegance, though he allowed Foote extraordinary powers of entertainment.
+He said, 'Garrick is restrained by some principle; but Foote has the
+advantage of an unlimited range. Garrick has some delicacy of feeling;
+it is possible to put him out; you may get the better of him; but Foote
+is the most incompressible fellow that I ever knew; when you have driven
+him into a corner, and think you are sure of him, he runs through
+between your legs, or jumps over your head, and makes his escape.'
+
+Dr. Erskine[1073] and Mr. Robert Walker, two very respectable ministers
+of Edinburgh, supped with us, as did the Reverend Dr. Webster.[1074] The
+conversation turned on the Moravian missions, and on the Methodists. Dr.
+Johnson observed in general, that missionaries were too sanguine in
+their accounts of their success among savages, and that much of what
+they tell is not to be believed. He owned that the Methodists had done
+good; had spread religious impressions among the vulgar part of
+mankind:[1075] but, he said, they had great bitterness against other
+Christians, and that he never could get a Methodist to explain in what
+he excelled others; that it always ended in the indispensible necessity
+of hearing one of their preachers.[1076]
+
+
+
+
+THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 11.
+
+Principal Robertson came to us as we sat at breakfast, he advanced to
+Dr. Johnson, repeating a line of Virgil, which I forget. I
+suppose, either
+
+     Post varios casus, per tot discrimina rerum[1077]--
+
+or
+
+     --multum ille et terris jactatus, et alto[1078].
+
+Every body had accosted us with some studied compliment on our return.
+Dr. Johnson said, 'I am really ashamed of the congratulations which we
+receive. We are addressed as if we had made a voyage to Nova Zembla, and
+suffered five persecutions in Japan[1079].' And he afterwards remarked,
+that, 'to see a man come up with a formal air and a Latin line, when we
+had no fatigue and no danger, was provoking[1080].' I told him, he was
+not sensible of the danger, having lain under cover in the boat during
+the storm[1081]: he was like the chicken, that hides its head under its
+wing, and then thinks itself safe.
+
+Lord Elibank came to us, as did Sir William Forbes. The rash attempt in
+1745 being mentioned, I observed, that it would make a fine piece of
+History. Dr. Johnson said it would.[1082] Lord Elibank doubted whether
+any man of this age could give it impartially. JOHNSON. 'A man, by
+talking with those of different sides, who were actors in it, and
+putting down all that he hears, may in time collect the materials of a
+good narrative. You are to consider, all history was at first oral. I
+suppose Voltaire was fifty years[1083] in collecting his _Louis XIV_.
+which he did in the way that I am proposing.' ROBERTSON. 'He did so. He
+lived much with all the great people who were concerned in that reign,
+and heard them talk of everything: and then either took Mr. Boswell's
+way, of writing down what he heard, or, which is as good, preserved it
+in his memory; for he has a wonderful memory.' With the leave, however,
+of this elegant historian, no man's memory can preserve facts or sayings
+with such fidelity as may be done by writing them down when they are
+recent. Dr. Robertson said, 'it was now full time to make such a
+collection as Dr. Johnson suggested; for many of the people who were
+then in arms, were dropping off; and both Whigs and Jacobites were now
+come to talk with moderation.' Lord Elibank said to him, 'Mr. Robertson,
+the first thing that gave me a high opinion of you, was your saying in
+the _Select Society_[1084], while parties ran high, soon after the year
+1745, that you did not think worse of a man's moral character for his
+having been in rebellion. This was venturing to utter a liberal
+sentiment, while both sides had a detestation of each other.'  Dr.
+Johnson observed, that being in rebellion from a notion of another's
+right, was not connected with depravity; and that we had this proof of
+it, that all mankind applauded the pardoning of rebels; which they would
+not do in the case of robbers and murderers. He said, with a smile, that
+'he wondered that the phrase of _unnatural_ rebellion should be so much
+used, for that all rebellion was natural to man.'
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+As I kept no Journal of anything that passed after this morning, I
+shall, from memory, group together this and the other days, till that on
+which Dr. Johnson departed for London. They were in all nine days; on
+which he dined at Lady Colvill's, Lord Hailes's, Sir Adolphus Oughton's,
+Sir Alexander Dick's, Principal Robertson's, Mr. M'Laurin's[1085], and
+thrice at Lord Elibank's seat in the country, where we also passed two
+nights[1086]. He supped at the Honourable Alexander Gordon's[1087], now
+one of our judges, by the title of Lord Rockville; at Mr. Nairne's, now
+also one of our judges, by the title of Lord Dunsinan; at Dr. Blair's,
+and Mr. Tytler's; and at my house thrice, one evening with a numerous
+company, chiefly gentlemen of the law; another with Mr. Menzies of
+Culdares, and Lord Monboddo, who disengaged himself on purpose to meet
+him; and the evening on which we returned from Lord Elibank's, he supped
+with my wife and me by ourselves[1088].
+
+He breakfasted at Dr. Webster's, at old Mr. Drummond's, and at Dr.
+Blacklock's; and spent one forenoon at my uncle Dr. Boswell's[1089], who
+shewed him his curious museum; and, as he was an elegant scholar, and a
+physician bred in the school of Boerhaave[1090], Dr. Johnson was pleased
+with his company.  On the mornings when he breakfasted at my house, he
+had, from ten o'clock till one or two, a constant levee of various
+persons, of very different characters and descriptions. I could not
+attend him, being obliged to be in the Court of Session; but my wife was
+so good as to devote the greater part of the morning to the endless task
+of pouring out tea for my friend and his visitors.
+
+Such was the disposition of his time at Edinburgh. He said one evening
+to me, in a fit of languor, 'Sir, we have been harassed by invitations.'
+I acquiesced. 'Ay, Sir,' he replied; but how much worse would it have
+been, if we had been neglected[1091]?'
+
+From what has been recorded in this _Journal_, it may well be supposed
+that a variety of admirable conversation has been lost, by my neglect to
+preserve it. I shall endeavour to recollect some of it, as well as
+I can.
+
+At Lady Colvill's, to whom I am proud to introduce any stranger of
+eminence, that he may see what dignity and grace is to be found in
+Scotland, an officer observed, that he had heard Lord Mansfield was not
+a great English lawyer. JOHNSON. 'Why, Sir, supposing Lord Mansfield not
+to have the splendid talents which he possesses, he must be a great
+English lawyer, from having been so long at the bar, and having passed
+through so many of the great offices of the law. Sir, you may as well
+maintain that a carrier, who has driven a packhorse between Edinburgh
+and Berwick for thirty years, does not know the road, as that Lord
+Mansfield does not know the law of England[1092].'
+
+At Mr. Nairne's, he drew the character of Richardson, the authour of
+_Clarissa_, with a strong yet delicate pencil. I lament much that I have
+not preserved it; I only remember that he expressed a high opinion of
+his talents and virtues; but observed, that 'his perpetual study was to
+ward off petty inconveniences, and procure petty pleasures; that his
+love of continual superiority was such, that he took care to be always
+surrounded by women[1093], who listened to him implicitly, and did not
+venture to controvert his opinions; and that his desire of distinction
+was so great, that he used to give large vails to the Speaker Onslow's
+servants, that they might treat him with respect.'
+
+On the same evening, he would not allow that the private life of a
+Judge, in England, was required to be so strictly decorous as I
+supposed. 'Why then, Sir, (said I,) according to your account, an
+English judge may just live like a gentleman.' JOHNSON. 'Yes,
+Sir[1094],--if he _can_.'
+
+At Mr. Tytler's, I happened to tell that one evening, a great many years
+ago, when Dr. Hugh Blair and I were sitting together in the pit of
+Drury-lane play-house, in a wild freak of youthful extravagance, I
+entertained the audience _prodigiously_[1095], by imitating the lowing
+of a cow. A little while after I had told this story, I differed from
+Dr. Johnson, I suppose too confidently, upon some point, which I now
+forget. He did not spare me. 'Nay, Sir, (said he,) if you cannot talk
+better as a man, I'd have you bellow like a cow[1096].'
+
+At Dr. Webster's, he said, that he believed hardly any man died without
+affectation. This remark appears to me to be well founded, and will
+account for many of the celebrated death-bed sayings which are
+recorded[1097].
+
+On one of the evenings at my house, when he told that Lord Lovat boasted
+to an English nobleman, that though he had not his wealth, he had two
+thousand men whom he could at any time call into the field, the
+Honourable Alexander Gordon observed, that those two thousand men
+brought him to the block. 'True, Sir, (said Dr. Johnson:) but you may
+just as well argue, concerning a man who has fallen over a precipice to
+which he has walked too near,--"His two legs brought him to that," is he
+not the better for having two legs?'
+
+At Dr. Blair's I left him, in order to attend a consultation, during
+which he and his amiable host were by themselves. I returned to supper,
+at which were Principal Robertson, Mr. Nairne, and some other gentlemen.
+Dr. Robertson and Dr. Blair, I remember, talked well upon
+subordination[1098] and government; and, as my friend and I were walking
+home, he said to me, 'Sir, these two doctors are good men, and wise
+men[1099].' I begged of Dr. Blair to recollect what he could of the long
+conversation that passed between Dr. Johnson and him alone, this
+evening, and he obligingly wrote to me as follows:--
+
+'_March_ 3, 1785.
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+
+'--As so many years have intervened, since I chanced to have that
+conversation with Dr. Johnson in my house, to which you refer, I have
+forgotten most of what then passed, but remember that I was both
+instructed and entertained by it. Among other subjects, the discourse
+happening to turn on modern Latin poets, the Dr. expressed a very
+favourable opinion of Buchanan, and instantly repeated, from beginning
+to end, an ode of his, intituled _Calendae Maiae_, (the eleventh in his
+_Miscellaneorum Liber_), beginning with these words, '_Salvete sacris
+deliciis sacrae_,' with which I had formerly been unacquainted; but upon
+perusing it, the praise which he bestowed upon it, as one of the
+happiest of Buchanan's poetical compositions, appeared to me very just.
+He also repeated to me a Latin ode he had composed in one of the western
+islands, from which he had lately returned. We had much discourse
+concerning his excursion to those islands, with which he expressed
+himself as having been highly pleased; talked in a favourable manner of
+the hospitality of the inhabitants; and particularly spoke much of his
+happiness in having you for his companion; and said, that the longer he
+knew you, he loved and esteemed you the more. This conversation passed
+in the interval between tea and supper, when we were by ourselves. You,
+and the rest of the company who were with us at supper, have often taken
+notice that he was uncommonly bland and gay that evening, and gave much
+pleasure to all who were present. This is all that I can recollect
+distinctly of that long conversation.
+
+'Your's sincerely,
+
+'HUGH BLAIR.'
+
+At Lord Hailes's, we spent a most agreeable day; but again I must lament
+that I was so indolent as to let almost all that passed evaporate into
+oblivion. Dr. Johnson observed there, that 'it is wonderful how ignorant
+many officers of the army are, considering how much leisure they have
+for study, and the acquisition of knowledge[1100].' I hope he was
+mistaken; for he maintained that many of them were ignorant of things
+belonging immediately to their own profession; 'for instance, many
+cannot tell how far a musket will carry a bullet;' in proof of which, I
+suppose, he mentioned some particular person, for Lord Hailes, from whom
+I solicited what he could recollect of that day, writes to me as
+follows:--
+
+'As to Dr. Johnson's observation about the ignorance of officers, in the
+length that a musket will carry, my brother, Colonel Dalrymple, was
+present, and he thought that the doctor was either mistaken, by putting
+the question wrong, or that he had conversed on the subject with some
+person out of service.
+
+'Was it upon that occasion that he expressed no curiosity to see the
+room at Dumfermline, where Charles I. was born? "I know that he was
+born, (said he;) no matter where."--Did he envy us the birth-place of
+the king?'
+
+Near the end of his _Journey_, Dr. Johnson has given liberal praise to
+Mr. Braidwood's academy for the deaf and dumb[1101]. When he visited it,
+a circumstance occurred which was truly characteristical of our great
+Lexicographer. 'Pray, (said he,) can they pronounce any _long_ words?'
+Mr. Braidwood informed him they could. Upon which Dr. Johnson wrote one
+of his _sesquipedalia verba_[1102], which was pronounced by the
+scholars, and he was satisfied. My readers may perhaps wish to know what
+the word was; but I cannot gratify their curiosity. Mr. Braidwood told
+me, it remained long in his school, but had been lost before I made my
+inquiry[1103].
+
+Dr. Johnson one day visited the Court of Session[1104]. He thought the
+mode of pleading there too vehement, and too much addressed to the
+passions of the judges. 'This (said he) is not the Areopagus.'
+
+At old Mr. Drummond's, Sir John Dalrymple quaintly said, the two noblest
+animals in the world were, a Scotch Highlander and an English
+sailor[1105]. 'Why, Sir, (said Dr. Johnson,) I shall say nothing as to
+the Scotch Highlander; but as to the English Sailor, I cannot agree with
+you.' Sir John said, he was generous in giving away his money.' JOHNSON.
+'Sir, he throws away his money, without thought, and without merit. I do
+not call a tree generous, that sheds its fruit at every breeze.' Sir
+John having affected to complain of the attacks made upon his
+_Memoirs_[1106], Dr. Johnson said, 'Nay, Sir, do not complain. It is
+advantageous to an authour, that his book should be attacked as well as
+praised. Fame is a shuttlecock. If it be struck only at one end of the
+room, it will soon fall to the ground. To keep it up, it must be struck
+at both ends[1107].' Often have I reflected on this since; and, instead
+of being angry at many of those who have written against me, have smiled
+to think that they were unintentionally subservient to my fame, by using
+a battledoor to make me _virum volitare per ora_[1108].
+
+At Sir Alexander Dick's, from that absence of mind to which every man is
+at times subject, I told, in a blundering manner, Lady Eglingtoune's
+complimentary adoption of Dr. Johnson as her son; for I unfortunately
+stated that her ladyship adopted him as her son, in consequence of her
+having been married the year _after_ he was born. Dr. Johnson instantly
+corrected me. 'Sir, don't you perceive that you are defaming the
+countess? For, supposing me to be her son, and that she was not married
+till the year after my birth, I must have been her _natural_ son.' A
+young lady of quality, who was present, very handsomely said, 'Might not
+the son have justified the fault?' My friend was much flattered by this
+compliment, which he never forgot. When in more than ordinary spirits,
+and talking of his journey in Scotland, he has called to me, 'Boswell,
+what was it that the young lady of quality said of me at Sir Alexander
+Dick's ?' Nobody will doubt that I was happy in repeating it.
+
+My illustrious friend, being now desirous to be again in the great
+theatre of life and animated exertion, took a place in the coach, which
+was to set out for London on Monday the 22nd of November[1109]. Sir John
+Dalrymple pressed him to come on the Saturday before, to his house at
+Cranston, which being twelve miles from Edinburgh, upon the middle road
+to Newcastle, (Dr. Johnson had come to Edinburgh by Berwick, and along
+the naked coast[1110],) it would make his journey easier, as the coach
+would take him up at a more seasonable hour than that at which it sets
+out. Sir John, I perceived, was ambitious of having such a guest; but,
+as I was well assured, that at this very time he had joined with some of
+his prejudiced countrymen in railing at Dr. Johnson[1111], and had said,
+he 'wondered how any gentleman of Scotland could keep company with him,'
+I thought he did not deserve the honour: yet, as it might be a
+convenience to Dr. Johnson, I contrived that he should accept the
+invitation, and engaged to conduct him. I resolved that, on our way to
+Sir John's, we should make a little circuit by Roslin Castle, and
+Hawthornden, and wished to set out soon after breakfast; but young Mr.
+Tytler came to shew Dr. Johnson some essays which he had written; and my
+great friend, who was exceedingly obliging when thus consulted[1112],
+was detained so long, that it was, I believe, one o'clock before we got
+into our post-chaise. I found that we should be too late for dinner at
+Sir John Dalrymple's, to which we were engaged: but I would by no means
+lose the pleasure of seeing my friend at Hawthornden,--of seeing _Sam
+Johnson_ at the very spot where _Ben Jonson_ visited the learned and
+poetical Drummond[1113].
+
+We surveyed Roslin Castle, the romantick scene around it, and the
+beautiful Gothick chapel[1114], and dined and drank tea at the inn;
+after which we proceeded to Hawthornden, and viewed the caves; and I
+all the while had _Rare Ben_[1115] in my mind, and was pleased to think
+that this place was now visited by another celebrated wit of England.
+
+By this time 'the waning night was growing old,' and we were yet several
+miles from Sir John Dalrymple's. Dr. Johnson did not seem much troubled
+at our having treated the baronet with so little attention to
+politeness; but when I talked of the grievous disappointment it must
+have been to him that we did not come to the _feast_ that he had
+prepared for us, (for he told us he had killed a seven-year old sheep on
+purpose,) my friend got into a merry mood, and jocularly said, 'I dare
+say, Sir, he has been very sadly distressed: Nay, we do not know but the
+consequence may have been fatal. Let me try to describe his situation in
+his own historical style, I have as good a right to make him think and
+talk, as he has to tell us how people thought and talked a hundred years
+ago, of which he has no evidence. All history, so far as it is not
+supported by contemporary evidence, is romance[1116]--Stay now.--Let us
+consider!' He then (heartily laughing all the while) proceeded in his
+imitation, I am sure to the following effect, though now, at the
+distance of almost twelve years, I cannot pretend to recollect all the
+precise words:--
+
+'Dinner being ready, he wondered that his guests were not yet come.
+His wonder was soon succeeded by impatience. He walked about the
+room in anxious agitation; sometimes he looked at his watch, sometimes
+he looked out at the window with an eager gaze of expectation,
+and revolved in his mind the various accidents of human life. His
+family beheld him with mute concern. "Surely (said he, with a sigh,)
+they will not fail me." The mind of man can bear a certain pressure;
+but there is a point when it can bear no more. A rope was in his view,
+and he died a Roman death[1117].
+
+It was very late before we reached the seat of Sir John Dalrymple, who,
+certainly with some reason, was not in very good humour. Our
+conversation was not brilliant. We supped, and went to bed in ancient
+rooms, which would have better suited the climate of Italy in summer,
+than that of Scotland in the month of November.
+
+I recollect no conversation of the next day, worth preserving, except
+one saying of Dr. Johnson, which will be a valuable text for many decent
+old dowagers, and other good company, in various circles to descant
+upon. He said, 'I am sorry I have not learnt to play at cards. It is
+very useful in life: it generates kindness, and consolidates
+society[1118].' He certainly could not mean deep play.
+
+My friend and I thought we should be more comfortable at the inn at
+Blackshields, two miles farther on. We therefore went thither in the
+evening, and he was very entertaining; but I have preserved nothing but
+the pleasing remembrance, and his verses on George the Second and
+Cibber[1119], and his epitaph on Parnell[1120], which he was then so
+good as to dictate to me. We breakfasted together next morning, and then
+the coach came, and took him up. He had, as one of his companions in it,
+as far as Newcastle, the worthy and ingenious Dr. Hope, botanical
+professor at Edinburgh. Both Dr. Johnson and he used to speak of their
+good fortune in thus accidentally meeting; for they had much instructive
+conversation, which is always a most valuable enjoyment, and, when found
+where it is not expected, is peculiarly relished.
+
+I have now completed my account of our Tour to the Hebrides. I have
+brought Dr. Johnson down to Scotland, and seen him into the coach which
+in a few hours carried him back into England. He said to me often, that
+the time he spent in this Tour was the pleasantest part of his
+life[1121], and asked me if I would lose the recollection of it for five
+hundred pounds. I answered I would not; and he applauded my setting such
+a value on an accession of new images in my mind[1122].
+
+Had it not been for me, I am persuaded Dr. Johnson never would have
+undertaken such a journey; and I must be allowed to assume some merit
+from having been the cause that our language has been enriched with such
+a book as that which he published on his return; a book which I never
+read but with the utmost admiration, as I had such opportunities of
+knowing from what very meagre materials it was composed.
+
+But my praise may be supposed partial; and therefore I shall insert two
+testimonies, not liable to that objection, both written by gentlemen of
+Scotland, to whose opinions I am confident the highest respect will be
+paid, Lord Hailes[1123], and Mr. Dempster[1124]. 'TO JAMES
+BOSWELL, ESQ.
+
+'SIR,
+
+'I have received much pleasure and much instruction, from perusing _The
+Journey to the Hebrides_.
+
+'I admire the elegance and variety of description, and the lively
+picture of men and manners. I always approve of the moral, often of the
+political, reflections. I love the benevolence of the authour.
+
+'They who search for faults, may possibly find them in this, as well as
+in every other work of literature.
+
+'For example, the friends of the old family say that _the aera of
+planting_ is placed too late, at the Union of the two kingdoms[1125]. I
+am known to be no friend of the old family; yet I would place the aera
+of planting at the Restoration; after the murder of Charles I. had been
+expiated in the anarchy which succeeded it.
+
+'Before the Restoration, few trees were planted, unless by the
+monastick drones: their successors, (and worthy patriots they were,) the
+barons, first cut down the trees, and then sold the estates. The
+gentleman at St. Andrews, who said that there were but two trees in
+Fife[1126], ought to have added, that the elms of Balmerino[1127] were
+sold within these twenty years, to make pumps for the fire-engines.
+
+'In J. Major de _Gestis Scotorum_, L. i. C. 2. last edition, there is a
+singular passage:--
+
+'"Davidi Cranstoneo conterraneo, dum de prima theologiae licentia foret,
+duo ei consocii et familiares, et mei cum eo in artibus auditores,
+scilicet Jacobus Almain Senonensis, et Petrus Bruxcellensis,
+Praedicatoris ordinis, in Sorbonae curia die Sorbonico commilitonibus
+suis publice objecerunt, _quod pane avenaceo plebeii Scoti_, sicut a
+quodam religioso intellexerant, _vescebantur, ut virum, quem cholericum
+noverant, honestis salibus tentarent, qui hoc inficiari tanquam patriae
+dedecus nisus est_."
+
+'Pray introduce our countryman, Mr. Licentiate David Cranston, to
+the acquaintance of Mr. Johnson.
+
+'The syllogism seems to have been this:
+
+     'They who feed on oatmeal are barbarians;
+      But the Scots feed on oatmeal:
+      Ergo--
+
+The licentiate denied the _minor_,
+
+     I am, Sir,
+     Your most obedient servant,
+    'DAV. DALRYMPLE.'
+
+'Newhailes, 6th Feb. 1775.'
+
+     To JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ., EDINBURGH.
+     Dunnichen, 16th February, 1775.
+
+'MY DEAR BOSWELL,
+
+'I cannot omit a moment to return you my best thanks for the
+entertainment you have furnished me, my family, and guests, by the
+perusal of Dr. Johnson's _Journey to the Western Islands_; and now for
+my sentiments of it. I was well entertained. His descriptions are
+accurate and vivid. He carried me on the Tour along with him. I am
+pleased with the justice he has done to your humour and vivacity. "The
+noise of the wind being all its own," is a _bon-mot_, that it would have
+been a pity to have omitted, and a robbery not to have ascribed to its
+author[1128].
+
+'There is nothing in the book, from beginning to end, that a Scotchman
+need to take amiss[1129]. What he says of the country is true, and his
+observations on the people are what must naturally occur to a sensible,
+observing, and reflecting inhabitant of a _convenient_ Metropolis, where
+a man on thirty pounds a year may be better accommodated with all the
+little wants of life, than _Col._ or _Sir Allan_. He reasons candidly
+about the _second sight_; but I wish he had enquired more, before he
+ventured to say he even doubted of the possibility of such an unusual
+and useless deviation from all the known laws of nature[1130]. The
+notion of the second sight I consider as a remnant of superstitious
+ignorance and credulity, which a philosopher will set down as such, till
+the contrary is clearly proved, and then it will be classed among the
+other certain, though unaccountable parts of our nature, like
+dreams[1131], and-I do not know what.  'In regard to the language, it
+has the merit of being all his own. Many words of foreign extraction are
+used, where, I believe, common ones would do as well, especially on
+familiar occasions. Yet I believe he could not express himself so
+forcibly in any other stile. I am charmed with his researches concerning
+the Erse language, and the antiquity of their manuscripts. I am quite
+convinced; and I shall rank _Ossian_, and his _Fingals_ and _Oscars_,
+amongst the Nursery Tales, not the true history of our country, in all
+time to come.
+
+'Upon the whole, the book cannot displease, for it has no pretensions.
+The author neither says he is a Geographer, nor an Antiquarian, nor very
+learned in the History of Scotland, nor a Naturalist, nor a
+Fossilist[1132]. The manners of the people, and the face of the country,
+are all he attempts to describe, or seems to have thought of. Much were
+it to be wished, that they who have travelled into more remote, and of
+course, more curious, regions, had all possessed his good sense. Of the
+state of learning, his observations on Glasgow University[1133] shew he
+has formed a very sound judgement. He understands our climate too, and
+he has accurately observed the changes, however slow and imperceptible
+to us, which Scotland has undergone, in consequence of the blessings of
+liberty and internal peace. I could have drawn my pen through the story
+of the old woman at St. Andrews, being the only silly thing in the
+book[1134]. He has taken the opportunity of ingrafting into the work
+several good observations, which I dare say he had made upon men and
+things, before he set foot on Scotch ground, by which it is considerably
+enriched[1135]. A long journey, like a tall May-pole, though not very
+beautiful itself, yet is pretty enough, when ornamented with flowers and
+garlands; it furnishes a sort of cloak-pins for hanging the furniture of
+your mind upon; and whoever sets out upon a journey, without furnishing
+his mind previously with much study and useful knowledge, erects a
+May-pole in December, and puts up very useless cloak-pins[1136].
+
+'I hope the book will induce many of his countrymen to make the same
+jaunt, and help to intermix the more liberal part of them still more
+with us, and perhaps abate somewhat of that virulent antipathy which
+many of them entertain against the Scotch: who certainly would never
+have formed those _combinations_[1137] which he takes notice of, more
+than their ancestors, had they not been necessary for their mutual
+safety, at least for their success, in a country where they are treated
+as foreigners. They would find us not deficient, at least in point of
+hospitality, and they would be ashamed ever after to abuse us in
+the mass.
+
+'So much for the Tour. I have now, for the first time in my life, passed
+a winter in the country; and never did three months roll on with more
+swiftness and satisfaction. I used not only to wonder at, but pity,
+those whose lot condemned them to winter any where but in either of the
+capitals. But every place has its charms to a cheerful mind. I am busy
+planting and taking measures for opening the summer campaign in farming;
+and I find I have an excellent resource, when revolutions in politicks
+perhaps, and revolutions of the sun for certain, will make it decent for
+me to retreat behind the ranks of the more forward in life.
+
+'I am glad to hear the last was a very busy week with you. I see you as
+counsel in some causes which must have opened a charming field for your
+humourous vein. As it is more uncommon, so I verily believe it is more
+useful than the more serious exercise of reason; and, to a man who is to
+appear in publick, more eclat is to be gained, sometimes more money too,
+by a _bon-mot_, than a learned speech. It is the fund of natural humour
+which Lord North possesses, that makes him so much the favourite of the
+house, and so able, because so amiable, a leader of a party[1138].
+
+'I have now finished _my_ Tour of _Seven Pages_. In what remains, I beg
+leave to offer my compliments, and those of _ma tres chere femme_, to
+you and Mrs. Boswell. Pray unbend the busy brow, and frolick a little in
+a letter to,
+
+'My dear Boswell,
+
+'Your affectionate friend,
+
+'GEORGE DEMPSTER[1139].'
+
+I shall also present the publick with a correspondence with the Laird
+of Rasay, concerning a passage in the _Journey to the_ Western Islands,
+which shews Dr. Johnson in a very amiable light.
+
+'To JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ.
+
+'Rasay, April 10th, 1775.
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+
+'I take this occasion of returning you my most hearty thanks for the
+civilities shewn to my daughter by you and Mrs. Boswell. Yet, though she
+has informed me that I am under this obligation, I should very probably
+have deferred troubling you with making my acknowledgments at present,
+if I had not seen Dr. Johnson's _Journey to the Western Isles_, in which
+he has been pleased to make a very friendly mention of my family, for
+which I am surely obliged to him, as being more than an equivalent for
+the reception you and he met with. Yet there is one paragraph I should
+have been glad he had omitted, which I am sure was owing to
+misinformation; that is, that I had acknowledged McLeod to be my chief,
+though my ancestors disputed the pre-eminence for a long tract of time.
+
+'I never had occasion to enter seriously on this argument with the
+present laird or his grandfather, nor could I have any temptation to
+such a renunciation from either of them. I acknowledge, the benefit of
+being chief of a clan is in our days of very little significancy, and to
+trace out the progress of this honour to the founder of a family, of any
+standing, would perhaps be a matter of some difficulty.
+
+'The true state of the present case is this: the McLeod family consists
+of two different branches; the M'Leods of Lewis, of which I am
+descended, and the M'Leods of Harris. And though the former have lost a
+very extensive estate by forfeiture in king James the Sixth's time,
+there are still several respectable families of it existing, who would
+justly blame me for such an unmeaning cession, when they all acknowledge
+me head of that family; which though in fact it be but an ideal point of
+honour, is not hitherto so far disregarded in our country, but it would
+determine some of my friends to look on me as a much smaller man than
+either they or myself judge me at present to be. I will, therefore, ask
+it as a favour of you to acquaint the Doctor with the difficulty he has
+brought me to. In travelling among rival clans, such a silly tale as
+this might easily be whispered into the ear of a passing stranger; but
+as it has no foundation in fact, I hope the Doctor will be so good as to
+take his own way in undeceiving the publick, I principally mean my
+friends and connections, who will be first angry at me, and next sorry
+to find such an instance of my littleness recorded in a book which has a
+very fair chance of being much read. I expect you will let me know what
+he will write you in return, and we here beg to make offer to you and
+Mrs. Boswell of our most respectful compliments.
+
+'I am,
+
+'Dear Sir,
+
+'Your most obedient humble servant,
+
+'JOHN M'LEOD.'
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'TO THE LAIRD OF RASAY.
+
+'London, May 8, 1775.
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+
+'The day before yesterday I had the honour to receive your letter, and I
+immediately communicated it to Dr. Johnson. He said he loved your
+spirit, and was exceedingly sorry that he had been the cause of the
+smallest uneasiness to you. There is not a more candid man in the world
+than he is, when properly addressed, as you will see from his letter to
+you, which I now enclose. He has allowed me to take a copy of it, and he
+says you may read it to your clan, or publish it if you please. Be
+assured, Sir, that I shall take care of what he has entrusted to me,
+which is to have an acknowledgement of his errour inserted in the
+Edinburgh newspapers. You will, I dare say, be fully satisfied with Dr.
+Johnson's behaviour. He is desirous to know that you are; and therefore
+when you have read his acknowledgement in the papers, I beg you may
+write to me; and if you choose it, I am persuaded a letter from you to
+the Doctor also will be taken kind. I shall be at Edinburgh the week
+after next.
+
+'Any civilities which my wife and I had in our power to shew to your
+daughter, Miss M'Leod, were due to her own merit, and were well repaid
+by her agreeable company. But I am sure I should be a very unworthy man
+if I did not wish to shew a grateful sense of the hospitable and genteel
+manner in which you were pleased to treat me. Be assured, my dear Sir,
+that I shall never forget your goodness, and the happy hours which I
+spent in Rasay.
+
+'You and Dr. M'Leod were both so obliging as to promise me an account in
+writing, of all the particulars which each of you remember, concerning
+the transactions of 1745-6. Pray do not forget this, and be as minute
+and full as you can; put down every thing; I have a great curiosity to
+know as much as I can, authentically.
+
+'I beg that you may present my best respects to Lady Rasay, my
+compliments to your young family, and to Dr. M'Leod; and my hearty good
+wishes to Malcolm, with whom I hope again to shake hands cordially. I
+have the honour to be,
+
+'Dear Sir,
+
+'Your obliged and faithful humble servant,
+
+'JAMES BOSWELL.'  ADVERTISEMENT, written by Dr. Johnson, and inserted
+by his desire in the Edinburgh newspapers:--Referred to in the foregoing
+letter[1140].
+
+_'THE authour of the_ Journey to the Western Islands, _having related
+that the M'Leods of Rasay acknowledge the chieftainship or superiority
+of the M'Leods of Sky, finds that he has been misinformed or mistaken.
+He means in a future edition to correct his errour[1141], and wishes to
+be told of more, if more have been discovered.'_
+
+Dr. Johnson's letter was as follows:--
+
+'To THE LAIRD OF RASAY.
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+
+'Mr. Boswell has this day shewn me a letter, in which you complain of a
+passage in _The Journey to the Hebrides._ My meaning is mistaken. I did
+not intend to say that you had personally made any cession of the rights
+of your house, or any acknowledgement of the superiority of M'Leod of
+Dunvegan. I only designed to express what I thought generally
+admitted,--that the house of Rasay allowed the superiority of the house
+of Dunvegan. Even this I now find to be erroneous, and will therefore
+omit or retract it in the next edition.
+
+'Though what I had said had been true, if it had been disagreeable to
+you, I should have wished it unsaid; for it is not my business to adjust
+precedence. As it is mistaken, I find myself disposed to correct, both
+by my respect for you, and my reverence for truth.  'As I know not when
+the book will be reprinted, I have desired Mr. Boswell to anticipate the
+correction in the Edinburgh papers. This is all that can be done.
+
+'I hope I may now venture to desire that my compliments may be made, and
+my gratitude expressed, to Lady Rasay, Mr. Malcolm M'Leod, Mr. Donald
+M'Queen, and all the gentlemen and all the ladies whom I saw in the
+island of Rasay; a place which I remember with too much pleasure and too
+much kindness, not to be sorry that my ignorance, or hasty persuasion,
+should, for a single moment, have violated its tranquillity.
+
+'I beg you all to forgive an undesigned and involuntary injury, and to
+consider me as,
+
+'Sir, your most obliged,
+
+'And most humble servant,
+
+'SAM. JOHNSON[1142].'
+
+'London, May 6, 1775.'
+
+It would be improper for me to boast of my own labours; but I cannot
+refrain from publishing such praise as I received from such a man as Sir
+William Forbes, of Pitsligo, after the perusal of the original
+manuscript of my _Journal_[1143].
+
+'To JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ.
+
+'Edinburgh, March 7, 1777.
+
+'My DEAR SIR,
+
+'I ought to have thanked you sooner, for your very obliging letter, and
+for the singular confidence you are pleased to place in me, when you
+trust me with such a curious and valuable deposit as the papers you
+have sent me[1144]. Be assured I have a due sense of this favour, and
+shall faithfully and carefully return them to you. You may rely that I
+shall neither copy any part, nor permit the papers to be seen.
+
+'They contain a curious picture of society, and form a journal on the
+most instructive plan that can possibly be thought of; for I am not sure
+that an ordinary observer would become so well acquainted either with
+Dr. Johnson, or with the manners of the Hebrides, by a personal
+intercourse, as by a perusal of your _Journal_.
+
+'I am, very truly,
+
+'Dear Sir,
+
+'Your most obedient,
+
+'And affectionate humble servant,
+
+'WILLIAM FORBES.'
+
+When I consider how many of the persons mentioned in this Tour
+are now gone to 'that undiscovered country, from whose bourne no
+traveller returns[1145],' I feel an impression at once awful and
+tender.--_Requiescant in pace!_
+
+It may be objected by some persons, as it has been by one of my friends,
+that he who has the power of thus exhibiting an exact transcript of
+conversations is not a desirable member of society. I repeat the answer
+which I made to that friend:--'Few, very few, need be afraid that their
+sayings will be recorded. Can it be imagined that I would take the
+trouble to gather what grows on every hedge, because I have collected
+such fruits as the _Nonpareil_ and the BON CHRETIEN[1146]?'
+
+On the other hand, how useful is such a faculty, if well exercised! To
+it we owe all those interesting apophthegms and _memorabilia_ of the
+ancients, which Plutarch, Xenophon, and Valerius Maximus, have
+transmitted to us. To it we owe all those instructive and entertaining
+collections which the French have made under the title of _Ana_, affixed
+to some celebrated name. To it we owe the _Table-Talk_ of Selden[1147],
+the _Conversation_ between Ben Jonson and Drummond of Hawthornden,
+Spence's _Anecdotes_ of Pope[1148], and other valuable remains in our
+own language. How delighted should we have been, if thus introduced into
+the company of Shakspeare and of Dryden[1149], of whom we know scarcely
+any thing but their admirable writings! What pleasure would it have
+given us, to have known their petty habits, their characteristick
+manners, their modes of composition, and their genuine opinion of
+preceding writers and of their contemporaries! All these are now
+irrecoverably lost. Considering how many of the strongest and most
+brilliant effusions of exalted intellect must have perished, how much is
+it to be regretted that all men of distinguished wisdom and wit have not
+been attended by friends, of taste enough to relish, and abilities
+enough to register their conversation;
+
+     'Vixere fortes ante Agamemnona
+      Multi, sed omnes illacrymabiles
+      Urgentur, ignotique longa
+      Nocte, carent quia vate sacro[1150].'
+
+They whose inferiour exertions are recorded, as serving to explain or
+illustrate the sayings of such men, may be proud of being thus
+associated, and of their names being transmitted to posterity, by being
+appended to an illustrious character.
+
+Before I conclude, I think it proper to say, that I have
+suppressed[1151] every thing which I thought could _really_ hurt any
+one now living. Vanity and self-conceit indeed may sometimes suffer.
+With respect to what _is_ related, I considered it my duty to 'extenuate
+nothing, nor set down aught in malice[1152];' and with those lighter
+strokes of Dr. Johnson's satire, proceeding from a warmth and quickness
+of imagination, not from any malevolence of heart, and which, on account
+of their excellence, could not be omitted, I trust that they who are the
+subject of them have good sense and good temper enough not to be
+displeased.
+
+I have only to add, that I shall ever reflect with great pleasure on a
+Tour, which has been the means of preserving so much of the enlightened
+and instructive conversation of one whose virtues will, I hope, ever be
+an object of imitation, and whose powers of mind were so extraordinary,
+that ages may revolve before such a man shall again appear.
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+No. I.
+
+_In justice to the ingenious_ DR. BLACKLOCK, _I publish the following
+letter from him, relative to a passage in p. 47._
+
+'TO JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ.
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+
+'Having lately had the pleasure of reading your account of the journey
+which you took with Dr. Samuel Johnson to the Western Isles, I take the
+liberty of transmitting my ideas of the conversation which happened
+between the doctor and myself concerning Lexicography and Poetry, which,
+as it is a little different from the delineation exhibited in the former
+edition of your _Journal_, cannot, I hope, be unacceptable; particularly
+since I have been informed that a second edition of that work is now in
+contemplation, if not in execution: and I am still more strongly tempted
+to encourage that hope, from considering that, if every one concerned in
+the conversations related, were to send you what they can recollect of
+these colloquial entertainments, many curious and interesting
+particulars might be recovered, which the most assiduous attention could
+not observe, nor the most tenacious memory retain. A little reflection,
+Sir, will convince you, that there is not an axiom in Euclid more
+intuitive nor more evident than the doctor's assertion that poetry was
+of much easier execution than lexicography. Any mind therefore endowed
+with common sense, must have been extremely absent from itself, if it
+discovered the least astonishment from hearing that a poem might be
+written with much more facility than the same quantity of a dictionary.
+
+'The real cause of my surprise was what appeared to me much more
+paradoxical, that he could write a sheet of dictionary _with as much
+pleasure_ as a sheet of poetry. He acknowledged, indeed, that the latter
+was much easier than the former. For in the one case, books and a desk
+were requisite; in the other, you might compose when lying in bed, or
+walking in the fields, &c. He did not, however, descend to explain, nor
+to this moment can I comprehend, how the labours of a mere Philologist,
+in the most refined sense of that term, could give equal pleasure with
+the exercise of a mind replete with elevated conceptions and pathetic
+ideas, while taste, fancy, and intellect were deeply enamoured of
+nature, and in full exertion. You may likewise, perhaps, remember, that
+when I complained of the ground which Scepticism in religion and morals
+was continually gaining, it did not appear to be on my own account, as
+my private opinions upon these important subjects had long been
+inflexibly determined. What I then deplored, and still deplore, was the
+unhappy influence which that gloomy hesitation had, not only upon
+particular characters, but even upon life in general; as being equally
+the bane of action in our present state, and of such consolations as we
+might derive from the hopes of a future.
+
+'I have the pleasure of remaining with sincere esteem and respect,
+
+'Dear Sir,
+
+'Your most obedient humble servant,
+
+'THOMAS BLACKLOCK.'
+
+'Edinburgh, Nov. 12, 1785.'
+
+I am very happy to find that Dr. Blacklock's apparent uneasiness on the
+subject of Scepticism was not on his own account, (as I supposed) but
+from a benevolent concern for the happiness of mankind. With respect,
+however, to the question concerning poetry, and composing a dictionary,
+I am confident that my state of Dr. Johnson's position is accurate. One
+may misconceive the motive by which a person is induced to discuss a
+particular topick (as in the case of Dr. Blacklock's speaking of
+Scepticism); but an assertion, like that made by Dr. Johnson, cannot be
+easily mistaken. And indeed it seems not very probable, that he who so
+pathetically laments the _drudgery_[1153] to which the unhappy
+lexicographer is doomed, and is known to have written his splendid
+imitation of _Juvenal_ with astonishing rapidity[1154], should have had
+'as much pleasure in writing a sheet of a dictionary as a sheet of
+poetry[1155].' Nor can I concur with the ingenious writer of the
+foregoing letter, in thinking it an axiom as evident as any in Euclid,
+that 'poetry is of easier execution than lexicography.' I have no doubt
+that Bailey[1156], and the 'mighty blunderbuss of law[1157],' Jacob,
+wrote ten pages of their respective _Dictionaries_ with more ease than
+they could have written five pages of poetry.
+
+If this book should again be reprinted, I shall with the utmost
+readiness correct any errours I may have committed, in stating
+conversations, provided it can be clearly shewn to me that I have been
+inaccurate. But I am slow to believe, (as I have elsewhere
+observed[1158]) that any man's memory, at the distance of several years,
+can preserve facts or sayings with such fidelity as may be done by
+writing them down when they are recent: and I beg it may be remembered,
+that it is not upon _memory_, but upon what was _written at the time_,
+that the authenticity of my _Journal_ rests.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+No. II.
+
+Verses written by Sir Alexander (now Lord) Macdonald; addressed and
+presented to Dr. Johnson, at Armidale in the Isle of Sky[1159].
+
+     Viator, o qui nostra per aequora
+     Visurus agros Skiaticos venis,
+       En te salutantes tributim
+         Undique conglomerantur oris.
+
+     Donaldiani,--quotquot in insulis
+     Compescit arctis limitibus mare;
+       Alitque jamdudum, ac alendos
+         Piscibus indigenas fovebit.
+
+     Ciere fluctus siste, Procelliger,
+     Nec tu laborans perge, precor, ratis,
+       Ne conjugem plangat marita,
+         Ne doleat soboles parentem.
+
+     Nec te vicissim poeniteat virum
+     Luxisse;--vestro scimus ut aestuant
+       In corde luctantes dolores,
+         Cum feriant inopina corpus.
+
+     Quidni! peremptum clade tuentibus
+     Plus semper illo qui moritur pati
+       Datur, doloris dum profundos
+         Pervia mens aperit recessus.
+
+     Valete luctus;--hinc lacrymabiles
+     Arcete visus:--ibimus, ibimus
+       Superbienti qua theatro
+         Fingaliae memorantur aulae.
+
+     Illustris hospes! mox spatiabere
+     Qua mens ruinae ducta meatibus
+       Gaudebit explorare coetus,
+         Buccina qua cecinit triumphos;
+
+     Audin? resurgens spirat anhelitu
+     Dux usitato, suscitat efficax
+       Poeta manes, ingruitque
+         Vi solita redivivus horror.
+
+     Ahaena quassans tela gravi manu
+     Sic ibat atrox Ossiani pater:
+       Quiescat urna, stet fidelis
+         Phersonius vigil ad favillam.
+
+
+
+
+_Preparing for the Press, in one Volume Quarto_,
+
+THE LIFE OF SAMUEL JOHNSON, LL.D.
+
+BY _JAMES BOSWELL_, ESQ.
+
+Mr. Boswell has been collecting materials for this work for more than
+twenty years, during which he was honoured with the intimate friendship
+of Dr. Johnson; to whose memory he is ambitious to erect a literary
+monument, worthy of so great an authour, and so excellent a man. Dr.
+Johnson was well informed of his design, and obligingly communicated to
+him several curious particulars. With these will be interwoven the most
+authentick accounts that can be obtained from those who knew him best;
+many sketches of his conversation on a multiplicity of subjects, with
+various persons, some of them the most eminent of the age; a great
+number of letters from him at different periods, and several original
+pieces dictated by him to Mr. Boswell, distinguished by that peculiar
+energy, which marked every emanation of his mind.
+
+Mr. Boswell takes this opportunity of gratefully acknowledging the many
+valuable communications which he has received to enable him to render
+his _Life of Dr. Johnson_ more complete. His thanks are particularly due
+to the Rev. Dr. Adams, the Rev. Dr. Taylor, Sir Joshua Reynolds, Mr.
+Langton, Dr. Brocklesby, the Rev. Thomas Warton, Mr. Hector of
+Birmingham, Mrs. Porter, and Miss Seward.
+
+He has already obtained a large collection of Dr. Johnson's letters to
+his friends, and shall be much obliged for such others as yet remain in
+private hands; which he is the more desirous of collecting, as all the
+letters of that great man, which he has yet seen, are written with
+peculiar precision and elegance; and he is confident that the
+publication of the whole of Dr. Johnson's epistolary correspondence
+will do him the highest honour.
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX A.
+
+(_Page_ 80.)
+
+As no one reads Warburton now--I bought the five volumes of his
+_Divine Legation_ in excellent condition, bound in calf, for ten pence--one
+or two extracts from his writing may be of interest. His Dedication
+of that work to the Free-Thinkers is as vigorous as it is abusive. It has
+such passages as the following:--'Low and mean as your buffoonery is,
+it is yet to the level of the people:' p. xi. 'I have now done with
+your buffoonery, which, like chewed bullets, is against the law of arms;
+and come next to your scurrilities, those stink-pots of your offensive
+war.' _Ib. p. xxii_. On page xl. he returns again to their '_cold_
+buffoonery.' In the Appendix to vol. v, p. 414, he thus wittily replies
+to Lowth, who had maintained that 'idolatry was punished under the
+DOMINION of Melchisedec'(p. 409):--'Melchisedec's story is a short
+one; he is just brought into the scene to _bless_ Abraham in his return
+from conquest. This promises but ill. Had this _King and Priest of
+Salem_ been brought in _cursing_, it had had a better appearance: for, I
+think, punishment for opinions which generally ends in a _fagot_ always
+begins with a _curse_. But we may be misled perhaps by a wrong translation.
+The Hebrew word to _bless_ signifies likewise to _curse_, and under
+the management of an intolerant priest good things easily run into their
+contraries. What follows is his taking _tythes_ from Abraham. Nor will
+this serve our purpose, unless we interpret these _tythes_ into _fines for
+non-conformity_; and then by the _blessing_ we can easily understand
+_absolution_. We have seen much stranger things done with the _Hebrew
+verity_. If this be not allowed, I do not see how we can elicit fire and
+fagot from this adventure; for I think there is no inseparable connexion
+between _tythes_ and _persecution_ but in the ideas of a Quaker.--And
+so much for King Melchisedec. But the learned _Professor_, who
+has been hardily brought up in the keen atmosphere of WHOLESOME
+SEVERITIES and early taught to distinguish between _de facto_ and _de
+jure_, thought it 'needless to enquire into _facts_, when he was secure
+of the _right_'.
+
+This 'keen atmosphere of wholesome severities' reappears by the
+way in Mason's continuation of Gray's Ode to Vicissitude:--
+
+     'That breathes the keen yet wholesome air
+      Of rugged penury.'
+
+And later in the first book of Wordsworth's _Excursion_
+(ed. 1857, vi. 29):--
+
+     'The keen, the wholesome air of poverty.'
+
+Johnson said of Warburton: 'His abilities gave him an haughty confidence,
+which he disdained to conceal or mollify; and his impatience
+of opposition disposed him to treat his adversaries with such contemptuous
+superiority as made his readers commonly his enemies, and
+excited against the advocate the wishes of some who favoured the cause.
+He seems to have adopted the Roman Emperour's determination,
+_oderint dum metuant_; he used no allurements of gentle language, but
+wished to compel rather than persuade.' Johnson's _Works_, viii. 288.
+See _ante_, ii. 36, and iv. 46.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+APPENDIX B.
+
+(_Page_ 158.)
+
+Johnson's Ode written in Sky was thus translated by Lord
+Houghton:--
+
+     'Where constant mist enshrouds the rocks,
+      Shattered in earth's primeval shocks,
+      And niggard Nature ever mocks
+                The labourer's toil,
+      I roam through clans of savage men,
+      Untamed by arts, untaught by pen;
+      Or cower within some squalid den
+                O'er reeking soil.
+
+      Through paths that halt from stone to stone,
+      Amid the din of tongues unknown,
+      One image haunts my soul alone,
+                Thine, gentle Thrale!
+      Soothes she, I ask, her spouse's care?
+      Does mother-love its charge prepare?
+      Stores she her mind with knowledge rare,
+                Or lively tale?
+
+Forget me not! thy faith I claim,
+      Holding a faith that cannot die,
+      That fills with thy benignant name
+                These shores of Sky.'
+
+Hayward's _Piozzi_, i. 29.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+APPENDIX C.
+
+(_Page_ 307.)
+
+Johnson's use of the word _big_, where he says 'I wish thy books were
+twice as big,' enables me to explain a passage in _The Life of Johnson
+(ante_, iii. 348) which had long puzzled me. Boswell there represents
+him as saying:--'A man who loses at play, or who runs out his fortune at
+court, makes his estate less, in hopes of making it _bigger_.' Boswell
+adds in a parenthesis:--'I am sure of this word, which was often used by
+him.' He had been criticised by a writer in the _Gent. Mag_. 1785, p.
+968, who quoting from the text the words 'a _big_ book,' says:--'Mr.
+Boswell has made his friend (as in a few other passages) guilty of a
+_Scotticism_. An Englishman reads and writes a _large_ book, and wears a
+_great_ (not a _big_ or _bag_) coat.' When Boswell came to publish _The
+Life of Johnson_, he took the opportunity to justify himself, though he
+did not care to refer directly to his anonymous critic. This
+explanation I discovered too late to insert in the text.
+
+
+
+
+A JOURNEY
+
+INTO
+
+NORTH WALES,
+
+IN
+
+THE YEAR 1774.[1160]
+
+
+TUESDAY, JULY 5.
+
+We left Streatham 11 a.m.
+Price of four horses 2s. a mile.
+
+JULY 6.
+
+Barnet 1.40 p.m.
+On the road I read Tully's _Epistles_.
+At night at Dunstable.
+To Lichfield, 83 miles.
+To the Swan[1161].
+
+JULY 7.
+
+To Mrs. Porter's[1162].
+To the Cathedral.
+To Mrs. Aston's.
+To Mr. Green's.
+Mr. Green's Museum was much admired, and
+Mr. Newton's china.
+
+JULY 8.
+
+To Mr. Newton's. To Mrs. Cobb's.
+Dr. Darwin's[1163]. I went again to Mrs. Aston's. She was sorry to part.
+
+JULY 9.
+
+Breakfasted at Mr. Garrick's.
+Visited Miss Vyse[1164].
+Miss Seward.
+Went to Dr. Taylor's.
+I read a little on the road in Tully's _Epistles_ and _Martial_.
+Mart. 8th, 44, 'lino pro limo[1165].'
+
+JULY 10.
+Morning, at church. Company at dinner.
+
+JULY 11.
+
+At Ham[1166]. At Oakover. I was less pleased with Ham than when I saw it
+first, but my friends were much delighted.
+
+JULY 12.
+
+At Chatsworth. The Water willow. The cascade shot out from many spouts.
+The fountains[1167]. The water tree[1168]. The smooth floors in the
+highest rooms. Atlas, fifteen hands inch and half[1169].
+
+River running through the park. The porticoes on the sides support two
+galleries for the first floor.
+
+My friends were not struck with the house. It fell below my ideas of the
+furniture. The staircase is in the corner of the house. The hall in the
+corner the grandest room, though only a room of passage.
+
+On the ground-floor, only the chapel and breakfast-room, and a small
+library; the rest, servants' rooms and offices[1170].
+
+A bad inn.
+
+JULY 13.
+
+At Matlock.
+
+JULY 14.
+
+At dinner at Oakover; too deaf to hear, or much converse. Mrs. Gell.
+
+The chapel at Oakover. The wood of the pews grossly painted. I could not
+read the epitaph. Would learn the old hands.
+
+JULY 15.
+
+At Ashbourn. Mrs. Diot and her daughters came in the morning. Mr. Diot
+dined with us. We visited Mr. Flint.
+
+     [Greek: To proton Moros, to de deuteron ei en Erasmos,
+     To triton ek Mouson stemma Mikullos echei.][1171]
+
+JULY 16.
+
+At Dovedale, with Mr. Langley[1172] and Mr. Flint. It is a place that
+deserves a visit; but did not answer my expectation. The river is small,
+the rocks are grand. Reynard's Hall is a cave very high in the rock; it
+goes backward several yards, perhaps eight. To the left is a small
+opening, through which I crept, and found another cavern, perhaps four
+yards square; at the back was a breach yet smaller, which I could not
+easily have entered, and, wanting light, did not inspect.
+
+I was in a cave yet higher, called Reynard's Kitchen. There is a rock
+called the Church, in which I saw no resemblance that could justify
+the name.
+
+Dovedale is about two miles long. We walked towards the head of the
+Dove, which is said to rise about five miles above two caves called the
+Dog-holes, at the end of Dovedale.
+
+In one place, where the rocks approached, I proposed to build an arch
+from rock to rock over the stream, with a summer-house upon it.
+
+The water murmured pleasantly among the stones.
+
+I thought that the heat and exercise mended my hearing. I bore the
+fatigue of the walk, which was very laborious, without inconvenience.
+
+There were with us Gilpin[1173] and Parker[1174]. Having heard of this
+place before, I had formed some imperfect idea, to which it did not
+answer. Brown[1175] says he was disappointed. I certainly expected a
+larger river where I found only a clear quick brook. I believe I had
+imaged a valley enclosed by rocks, and terminated by a broad expanse
+of water.
+
+He that has seen Dovedale has no need to visit the Highlands.
+
+In the afternoon we visited old Mrs. Dale.
+
+JULY 17.
+
+Sunday morning, at church.
+
+Afternoon, at Mr. Diot's.
+
+JULY 18.
+
+Dined at Mr. Gell's[1176].
+
+JULY 19.
+
+We went to Kedleston[1177] to see Lord Scarsdale's new house, which is
+very costly, but ill contrived. The hall is very stately, lighted by
+three skylights; it has two rows of marble pillars, dug, as I hear from
+Langley, in a quarry of Northamptonshire; the pillars are very large and
+massy, and take up too much room; they were better away. Behind the hall
+is a circular saloon, useless, and therefore ill contrived.
+
+The corridors that join the wings to the body are mere passages through
+segments of circles. The state bed-chamber was very richly furnished.
+The dining parlour was more splendid with gilt plate than any that I
+have seen. There were many pictures. The grandeur was all below. The
+bedchambers were small, low, dark, and fitter for a prison than a house
+of splendour. The kitchen has an opening into the gallery, by which its
+heat and its fumes are dispersed over the house. There seemed in the
+whole more cost than judgment.
+
+We went then to the silk mill at Derby[1178], where I remarked a
+particular manner of propagating motion from a horizontal to a
+vertical wheel.
+
+We were desired to leave the men only two shillings. Mr. Thrale's bill
+at the inn for dinner was eighteen shillings and tenpence.
+
+At night I went to Mr. Langley's, Mrs. Wood's, Captain Astle, &c.
+
+JULY 20.
+
+We left Ashbourn and went to Buxton, thence to Pool's Hole, which is
+narrow at first, but then rises into a high arch; but is so obstructed
+with crags, that it is difficult to walk in it. There are two ways to
+the end, which is, they say, six hundred and fifty yards from the mouth.
+They take passengers up the higher way, and bring them back the lower.
+The higher way was so difficult and dangerous, that, having tried it, I
+desisted. I found no level part.
+
+At night we came to Macclesfield, a very large town in Cheshire, little
+known. It has a silk mill: it has a handsome church, which, however, is
+but a chapel, for the town belongs to some parish of another name[1179],
+as Stourbridge lately did to Old Swinford.
+
+Macclesfield has a town-hall, and is, I suppose, a corporate town.
+
+JULY 21.
+
+We came to Congleton, where there is likewise a silk mill. Then to
+Middlewich, a mean old town, without any manufacture, but, I think, a
+Corporation. Thence we proceeded to Namptwich, an old town: from the
+inn, I saw scarcely any but black timber houses. I tasted the brine
+water, which contains much more salt than the sea water. By slow
+evaporation, they make large crystals of salt; by quick boiling, small
+granulations. It seemed to have no other preparation.
+
+At evening we came to Combermere[1180], so called from a wide lake.
+
+JULY 22.
+
+We went upon the Mere. I pulled a bulrush of about ten feet. I saw no
+convenient boats upon the Mere.
+
+JULY 23.
+
+We visited Lord Kilmorey's house[1181]. It is large and convenient, with
+many rooms, none of which are magnificently spacious. The furniture was
+not splendid. The bed-curtains were guarded[1182]. Lord Kilmorey shewed
+the place with too much exultation. He has no park, and little
+water[1183].
+
+JULY 24.
+
+We went to a chapel, built by Sir Lynch Cotton for his tenants. It is
+consecrated, and therefore, I suppose, endowed. It is neat and plain.
+The Communion plate is handsome. It has iron pales and gates of great
+elegance, brought from Lleweney, 'for Robert has laid all open[1184].'
+
+We saw Hawkestone, the seat of Sir Rowland Hill, and were conducted by
+Miss Hill over a large tract of rocks and woods; a region abounding with
+striking scenes and terrifick grandeur. We were always on the brink of a
+precipice, or at the foot of a lofty rock; but the steeps were seldom
+naked: in many places, oaks of uncommon magnitude shot up from the
+crannies of stone; and where there were not tall trees, there were
+underwoods and bushes.
+
+Round the rocks is a narrow patch cut upon the stone, which is very
+frequently hewn into steps; but art has proceeded no further than to
+make the succession of wonders safely accessible. The whole circuit is
+somewhat laborious; it is terminated by a grotto cut in a rock to a
+great extent, with many windings, and supported by pillars, not hewn
+into regularity, but such as imitate the sports of nature, by asperities
+and protuberances.
+
+The place is without any dampness, and would afford an habitation not
+uncomfortable. There were from space to space seats in the rock. Though
+it wants water, it excels Dovedale by the extent of its prospects, the
+awfulness of its shades, the horrors of its precipices, the verdure of
+its hollows, and the loftiness of its rocks: the ideas which it forces
+upon the mind are, the sublime, the dreadful, and the vast. Above is
+inaccessible altitude, below is horrible profundity. But it excels the
+garden of Ilam only in extent.
+
+Ilam has grandeur, tempered with softness; the walker congratulates his
+own arrival at the place, and is grieved to think that he must ever
+leave it. As he looks up to the rocks, his thoughts are elevated; as he
+turns his eyes on the vallies, he is composed and soothed.
+
+He that mounts the precipices at Hawkestone, wonders how he came
+thither, and doubts how he shall return. His walk is an adventure, and
+his departure an escape. He has not the tranquillity, but the horror, of
+solitude; a kind of turbulent pleasure, between fright and admiration.
+
+Ilam is the fit abode of pastoral virtue, and might properly diffuse its
+shades over Nymphs and Swains. Hawkestone can have no fitter inhabitants
+than giants of mighty bone and bold emprise[1185]; men of lawless
+courage and heroic violence. Hawkestone should be described by Milton,
+and Ilam by Parnel.
+
+Miss Hill shewed the whole succession of wonders with great civility.
+The house was magnificent, compared with the rank of the owner.
+
+JULY 26.
+
+We left Combermere, where we have been treated with great civility. Sir
+L. is gross, the lady weak and ignorant. The house is spacious, but not
+magnificent; built at different times, with different materials; part is
+of timber, part of stone or brick, plastered and painted to look like
+timber. It is the best house that I ever saw of that kind.
+
+The Mere, or Lake, is large, with a small island, on which there is a
+summer-house, shaded with great trees; some were hollow, and have seats
+in their trunks.
+
+In the afternoon we came to West-Chester; (my father went to the fair,
+when I had the small-pox). We walked round the walls, which are
+compleat, and contain one mile three quarters, and one hundred and one
+yards; within them are many gardens: they are very high, and two may
+walk very commodiously side by side. On the inside is a rail. There are
+towers from space to space, not very frequent, and, I think, not all
+compleat[1186].
+
+JULY 27.
+
+We staid at Chester and saw the Cathedral, which is not of the first
+rank. The Castle. In one of the rooms the Assizes are held, and the
+refectory of the Old Abbey, of which part is a grammar school. The
+master seemed glad to see me. The cloister is very solemn; over it are
+chambers in which the singing men live.
+
+In one part of the street was a subterranean arch, very strongly built;
+in another, what they called, I believe rightly, a Roman hypocaust.
+
+Chester has many curiosities.
+
+JULY 28.
+
+We entered Wales, dined at Mold, and came to Lleweney[1187].
+
+JULY 29.
+
+We were at Lleweney.
+
+In the lawn at Lleweney is a spring of fine water, which rises above the
+surface into a stone basin, from which it runs to waste, in a continual
+stream, through a pipe.
+
+There are very large trees.
+
+The Hall at Lleweney is forty feet long, and twenty-eight broad. The
+gallery one hundred and twenty feet long, (all paved.) The Library
+forty-two feet long, and twenty-eight broad. The Dining-parlours
+thirty-six feet long, and twenty-six broad.
+
+It is partly sashed, and partly has casements.
+
+JULY 30.
+
+We went to Bach y Graig, where we found an old house, built 1567, in an
+uncommon and incommodious form. My Mistress[1188] chattered about
+tiring, but I prevailed on her to go to the top. The floors have been
+stolen: the windows are stopped.
+
+The house was less than I seemed to expect; the river Clwyd is a brook
+with a bridge of one arch, about one third of a mile.
+
+The woods[1189] have many trees, generally young; but some which seem to
+decay. They have been lopped. The house never had a garden. The addition
+of another story would make an useful house, but it cannot be great.
+Some buildings which Clough, the founder, intended for warehouses, would
+make store-chambers and servants' rooms[1190]. The ground seems to be
+good. I wish it well.
+
+JULY 31.  We went to church at St. Asaph. The Cathedral, though not
+large, has something of dignity and grandeur. The cross aisle is very
+short. It has scarcely any monuments. The Quire has, I think, thirty-two
+stalls of antique workmanship. On the backs were CANONICUS, PREBEND,
+CANCELLARIUS, THESAURARIUS, PRAECENTOR. The constitution I do not know,
+but it has all the usual titles and dignities. The service was sung only
+in the Psalms and Hymns.
+
+The Bishop was very civil[1191]. We went to his palace, which is but
+mean. They have a library, and design a room. There lived Lloyd[1192]
+and Dodwell[1193].
+
+AUGUST 1.
+
+We visited Denbigh, and the remains of its Castle.
+
+The town consists of one main street, and some that cross it, which I
+have not seen. The chief street ascends with a quick rise for a great
+length: the houses are built, some with rough stone, some with brick,
+and a few are of timber.
+
+The Castle, with its whole enclosure, has been a prodigious pile; it is
+now so ruined, that the form of the inhabited part cannot easily
+be traced.
+
+There are, as in all old buildings, said to be extensive vaults, which
+the ruins of the upper works cover and conceal, but into which boys
+sometimes find a way. To clear all passages, and trace the whole of what
+remains, would require much labour and expense. We saw a Church, which
+was once the Chapel of the Castle, but is used by the town: it is
+dedicated to St. Hilary, and has an income of about--
+
+At a small distance is the ruin of a Church said to have been begun by
+the great Earl of Leicester[1194], and left unfinished at his death. One
+side, and I think the east end, are yet standing. There was a stone in
+the wall, over the door-way, which it was said would fall and crush the
+best scholar in the diocese. One Price would not pass under it[1195].
+They have taken it down.
+
+We then saw the Chapel of Lleweney, founded by one of the Salusburies:
+it is very compleat: the monumental stones lie in the ground. A chimney
+has been added to it, but it is otherwise not much injured, and might be
+easily repaired.
+
+We went to the parish Church of Denbigh, which, being near a mile from
+the town, is only used when the parish officers are chosen.
+
+In the Chapel, on Sundays, the service is read thrice, the second time
+only in English, the first and third in Welsh. The Bishop came to survey
+the Castle, and visited likewise St. Hilary's Chapel, which is that
+which the town uses. The hay-barn, built with brick pillars from space
+to space, and covered with a roof. A more[1196] elegant and lofty Hovel.
+
+The rivers here, are mere torrents which are suddenly swelled by the
+rain to great breadth and great violence, but have very little constant
+stream; such are the Clwyd and the Elwy. There are yet no mountains. The
+ground is beautifully embellished with woods, and diversified by
+inequalities.
+
+In the parish church of Denbigh is a bas relief of Lloyd the antiquary,
+who was before Camden. He is kneeling at his prayers[1197].
+
+AUGUST 2.
+
+We rode to a summer-house of Mr. Cotton, which has a very extensive
+prospect; it is meanly built, and unskilfully disposed.
+
+We went to Dymerchion Church, where the old clerk acknowledged his
+Mistress. It is the parish church of Bach y Graig. A mean fabrick: Mr.
+Salusbury[1198] was buried in it. Bach y Graig has fourteen seats
+in it.
+
+As we rode by, I looked at the house again. We saw Llannerch, a house
+not mean, with a small park very well watered. There was an avenue of
+oaks, which, in a foolish compliance with the present mode, has been cut
+down[1199]. A few are yet standing. The owner's name is Davies.
+
+The way lay through pleasant lanes, and overlooked a region beautifully
+diversified with trees and grass[1200].
+
+At Dymerchion Church there is English service only once a month. This is
+about twenty miles from the English border.
+
+The old clerk had great appearance of joy at the sight of his Mistress,
+and foolishly said, that he was now willing to die. He had only a crown
+given him by my Mistress[1201].
+
+At Dymerchion Church the texts on the walls are in Welsh.
+
+AUGUST 3.
+
+     We went in the coach to Holywell.
+     Talk with Mistress about flattery[1202].
+
+Holywell is a market town, neither very small nor mean. The spring
+called Winifred's Well is very clear, and so copious, that it yields one
+hundred tuns of water in a minute. It is all at once a very great
+stream, which, within perhaps thirty yards of its eruption, turns a
+mill, and in a course of two miles, eighteen mills more. In descent, it
+is very quick. It then falls into the sea. The well is covered by a
+lofty circular arch, supported by pillars; and over this arch is an old
+chapel, now a school. The chancel is separated by a wall. The bath is
+completely and indecently open. A woman bathed while we all looked on.
+
+In the Church, which makes a good appearance, and is surrounded by
+galleries to receive a numerous congregation, we were present while a
+child was christened in Welsh.
+
+We went down by the stream to see a prospect, in which I had no part. We
+then saw a brass work, where the lapis calaminaris[1203] is gathered,
+broken, washed from the earth and the lead, though how the lead was
+separated I did not see; then calcined, afterwards ground fine, and then
+mixed by fire with the copper.
+
+We saw several strong fires with melting pots, but the construction of
+the fire-places I did not learn.
+
+At a copper-work which receives its pigs of copper, I think, from
+Warrington, we saw a plate of copper put hot between steel rollers, and
+spread thin; I know not whether the upper roller was set to a certain
+distance, as I suppose, or acted only by its weight.
+
+At an iron-work I saw round bars formed by a knotched hammer and anvil.
+There I saw a bar of about half an inch, or more, square cut with shears
+worked by water, and then beaten hot into a thinner bar. The hammers all
+worked, as they were, by water, acting upon small bodies, moved very
+quick, as quick as by the hand.
+
+I then saw wire drawn, and gave a shilling. I have enlarged my
+notions[1204], though not being able to see the movements, and having
+not time to peep closely, I know less than I might. I was less weary,
+and had better breath, as I walked farther.
+
+AUGUST 4.
+
+Ruthin Castle is still a very noble ruin; all the walls still remain, so
+that a compleat platform, and elevations, not very imperfect, may be
+taken. It encloses a square of about thirty yards. The middle space was
+always open.
+
+The wall is, I believe, about thirty feet high, very thick, flanked with
+six round towers, each about eighteen feet, or less, in diameter. Only
+one tower had a chimney, so that there was[1205] commodity of living. It
+was only a place of strength. The garrison had, perhaps, tents in
+the area.
+
+Stapylton's house is pretty[1206]: there are pleasing shades about it,
+with a constant spring that supplies a cold bath. We then went to see
+a Cascade.
+
+I trudged unwillingly, and was not sorry to find it dry. The water was,
+however, turned on, and produced a very striking cataract. They are paid
+an hundred pounds a year for permission to divert the stream to the
+mines. The river, for such it may be termed[1207], rises from a single
+spring, which, like that of Winifred's, is covered with a building.
+
+We called then at another house belonging to Mr. Lloyd, which made a
+handsome appearance. This country seems full of very splendid houses.
+
+Mrs. Thrale lost her purse. She expressed so much uneasiness, that I
+concluded the sum to be very great; but when I heard of only seven
+guineas, I was glad to find that she had so much sensibility of money.
+
+I could not drink this day either coffee or tea after dinner. I know not
+when I missed before.
+
+AUGUST 5.
+
+Last night my sleep was remarkably quiet. I know not whether by fatigue
+in walking, or by forbearance of tea[1208].
+
+I gave the ipecacuanha[1209]. Vin. emet. had failed; so had tartar emet.
+
+I dined at Mr. Myddleton's, of Gwaynynog. The house was a gentleman's
+house, below the second rate, perhaps below the third, built of stone
+roughly cut. The rooms were low, and the passage above stairs gloomy,
+but the furniture was good. The table was well supplied, except that the
+fruit was bad. It was truly the dinner of a country gentleman. Two
+tables were filled with company, not inelegant.
+
+After dinner, the talk was of preserving the Welsh language. I offered
+them a scheme. Poor Evan Evans was mentioned, as incorrigibly addicted
+to strong drink. Worthington[1210] was commended. Myddleton is the only
+man, who, in Wales, has talked to me of literature. I wish he were truly
+zealous. I recommended the republication of David ap Rhees's
+Welsh Grammar.
+
+Two sheets of _Hebrides_ came to me for correction to-day, F.G.[1211]
+
+AUGUST 6.
+
+I corrected the two sheets. My sleep last night was disturbed.
+
+Washing at Chester and here, 5_s_. 1_d_.
+
+I did not read.
+
+I saw to-day more of the out-houses at Lleweney. It is, in the whole, a
+very spacious house.
+
+AUGUST 7.
+
+I was at Church at Bodfari. There was a service used for a sick woman,
+not canonically, but such as I have heard, I think, formerly at
+Lichfield, taken out of the visitation.
+
+The Church is mean, but has a square tower for the bells, rather too
+stately for the Church.
+
+OBSERVATIONS.
+
+Dixit injustus, Ps. 36, has no relation to the English[1212].
+
+Preserve us, Lord, has the name of Robert Wisedome, 1618.--Barker's
+_Bible_[1213].
+
+Battologiam ab iteratione, recte distinguit Erasmus.--_Mod. Orandi
+Deum_, p. 56-144[1214].
+
+Southwell's Thoughts of his own death[1215].
+
+Baudius on Erasmus[1216].
+
+AUGUST 8.
+
+The Bishop and much company dined at Lleweney. Talk of Greek--and of the
+army[1217]. The Duke of Marlborough's officers useless. Read
+_Phocylidis_[1218], distinguished the paragraphs. I looked in Leland: an
+unpleasant book of mere hints.
+
+Lichfield School, ten pounds; and five pounds from the Hospital[1219].
+
+AUGUST 10.
+
+At Lloyd's, of Maesmynnan; a good house, and a very large walled garden.
+I read Windus's Account of his _Journey to Mequinez_, and of Stewart's
+Embassy[1220]. I had read in the morning Wasse's _Greek Trochaics to
+Bentley_. They appeared inelegant, and made with difficulty. The Latin
+Elegy contains only common-place, hastily expressed, so far as I have
+read, for it is long. They seem to be the verses of a scholar, who has
+no practice of writing. The Greek I did not always fully understand. I
+am in doubt about the sixth and last paragraphs, perhaps they are not
+printed right, for [Greek: eutokon] perhaps [Greek: eustochon.] q?
+
+The following days I read here and there. The _Bibliotheca Literaria_
+was so little supplied with papers that could interest curiosity, that
+it could not hope for long continuance[1221]. Wasse, the chief
+contributor, was an unpolished scholar, who, with much literature, had
+no art or elegance of diction, at least in English.
+
+AUGUST 14.
+
+At Bodfari I heard the second lesson read, and the sermon preached in
+Welsh. The text was pronounced both in Welsh and English. The sound of
+the Welsh, in a continued discourse, is not unpleasant.
+
+[Greek: Brosis oligae][1222].
+
+The letter of Chrysostom, against transubstantiation. Erasmus to the
+Nuns, full of mystick notions and allegories.
+
+AUGUST 15.
+
+Imbecillitas genuum non sine aliquantulo doloris inter ambulandum quem a
+prandio magis sensi[1223].
+
+AUGUST 18.
+
+We left Lleweney, and went forwards on our journey.
+
+We came to Abergeley, a mean town, in which little but Welsh is spoken,
+and divine service is seldom performed in English.
+
+Our way then lay to the sea-side, at the foot of a mountain, called
+Penmaen Rhos. Here the way was so steep, that we walked on the lower
+edge of the hill, to meet the coach, that went upon a road higher on the
+hill. Our walk was not long, nor unpleasant: the longer I walk, the less
+I feel its inconvenience. As I grow warm, my breath mends, and I think
+my limbs grow pliable.
+
+We then came to Conway Ferry, and passed in small boats, with some
+passengers from the stage coach, among whom were an Irish gentlewoman,
+with two maids, and three little children, of which, the youngest was
+only a few months old. The tide did not serve the large ferry-boat, and
+therefore our coach could not very soon follow us. We were, therefore,
+to stay at the Inn. It is now the day of the Race at Conway, and the
+town was so full of company, that no money could purchase lodgings. We
+were not very readily supplied with cold dinner. We would have staid at
+Conway if we could have found entertainment, for we were afraid of
+passing Penmaen Mawr, over which lay our way to Bangor, but by bright
+daylight, and the delay of our coach made our departure necessarily
+late. There was, however, no stay on any other terms, than of sitting up
+all night.
+
+The poor Irish lady was still more distressed. Her children wanted rest.
+She would have been content with one bed, but, for a time, none could be
+had. Mrs. Thrale gave her what help she could. At last two gentlemen
+were persuaded to yield up their room, with two beds, for which she gave
+half a guinea. Our coach was at last brought, and we set out with some
+anxiety, but we came to Penmaen Mawr by daylight; and found a way,
+lately made, very easy, and very safe.[1224] It was cut smooth, and
+enclosed between parallel walls; the outer of which secures the
+passenger from the precipice, which is deep and dreadful. This wall is
+here and there broken, by mischievous wantonness.[1225] The inner wall
+preserves the road from the loose stones, which the shattered steep
+above it would pour down. That side of the mountain seems to have a
+surface of loose stones, which every accident may crumble. The old road
+was higher, and must have been very formidable. The sea beats at the
+bottom of the way.
+
+At evening the moon shone eminently bright; and our thoughts of danger
+being now past, the rest of our journey was very pleasant. At an hour
+somewhat late, we came to Bangor, where we found a very mean inn, and
+had some difficulty to obtain lodging. I lay in a room, where the other
+bed had two men.
+
+AUGUST 19.
+
+We obtained boats to convey us to Anglesey, and saw Lord Bulkeley's
+House, and Beaumaris Castle.
+
+I was accosted by Mr. Lloyd, the Schoolmaster of Beaumaris, who had seen
+me at University College; and he, with Mr. Roberts, the Register of
+Bangor, whose boat we borrowed, accompanied us. Lord Bulkeley's house
+is very mean, but his garden garden is spacious, and shady with large
+trees and smaller interspersed. The walks are straight, and cross each
+other, with no variety of plan; but they have a pleasing coolness, and
+solemn gloom, and extend to a great length.
+
+The castle is a mighty pile; the outward wall has fifteen round towers,
+besides square towers at the angles. There is then a void space between
+the wall and the Castle, which has an area enclosed with a wall, which
+again has towers, larger than those of the outer wall. The towers of the
+inner Castle are, I think, eight. There is likewise a Chapel entire,
+built upon an arch as I suppose, and beautifully arched with a stone
+roof, which is yet unbroken. The entrance into the Chapel is about eight
+or nine feet high, and was, I suppose, higher, when there was no rubbish
+in the area.
+
+This Castle corresponds with all the representations of romancing
+narratives. Here is not wanting the private passage, the dark cavity,
+the deep dungeon, or the lofty tower. We did not discover the Well. This
+is the most compleat view that I have yet had of an old Castle.[1226] It
+had a moat.
+
+The Towers.
+
+We went to Bangor.
+
+AUGUST 20.
+
+We went by water from Bangor to Caernarvon, where we met Paoli and Sir
+Thomas Wynne. Meeting by chance with one Troughton,[1227] an intelligent
+and loquacious wanderer, Mr. Thrale invited him to dinner. He attended
+us to the Castle, an edifice of stupendous magnitude and strength; it
+has in it all that we observed at Beaumaris, and much greater
+dimensions: many of the smaller rooms floored with stone are entire; of
+the larger rooms, the beams and planks are all left: this is the state
+of all buildings left to time. We mounted the Eagle Tower by one hundred
+and sixty-nine steps, each of ten inches. We did not find the Well; nor
+did I trace the Moat; but moats there were, I believe, to all castles on
+the plain, which not only hindered access, but prevented mines. We saw
+but a very small part of this mighty ruin, and in all these old
+buildings, the subterraneous works are concealed by the rubbish.
+
+To survey this place would take much time: I did not think there had
+been such buildings; it surpassed my ideas.
+
+AUGUST 21.
+
+We were at Church; the service in the town is always English; at the
+parish Church at a small distance, always Welsh. The town has by
+degrees, I suppose, been brought nearer to the sea side.
+
+We received an invitation to Dr. Worthington. We then went to dinner at
+Sir Thomas Wynne's,--the dinner mean, Sir Thomas civil, his Lady
+nothing.[1228] Paoli civil.
+
+We supped with Colonel Wynne's Lady, who lives in one of the towers of
+the Castle.
+
+I have not been very well.
+
+AUGUST 22.
+
+We went to visit Bodville, the place where Mrs. Thrale was born; and the
+Churches called Tydweilliog and Llangwinodyl, which she holds by
+impropriation.
+
+We had an invitation to the house of Mr. Griffiths of Bryn o dol, where
+we found a small neat new built house, with square rooms: the walls are
+of unhewn stone, and therefore thick; for the stones not fitting with
+exactness, are not strong without great thickness. He had planted a
+great deal of young wood in walks. Fruit trees do not thrive; but having
+grown a few years, reach some barren stratum and wither.
+
+We found Mr. Griffiths not at home; but the provisions were good. Mr.
+Griffiths came home the next day. He married a lady who has a house and
+estate at [Llanver], over against Anglesea, and near Caernarvon, where
+she is more disposed, as it seems, to reside than at Bryn o dol.
+
+I read Lloyd's account of Mona, which he proves to be Anglesea.
+
+In our way to Bryn o dol, we saw at Llanerk a Church built crosswise,
+very spacious and magnificent for this country. We could not see the
+Parson, and could get no intelligence about it.
+
+AUGUST 24.
+
+We went to see Bodville. Mrs. Thrale remembered the rooms, and wandered
+over them with recollection of her childhood. This species of pleasure
+is always melancholy. The walk was cut down, and the pond was dry.
+Nothing was better.[1229]
+
+We surveyed the Churches, which are mean, and neglected to a degree
+scarcely imaginable. They have no pavement, and the earth is full of
+holes. The seats are rude benches; the Altars have no rails. One of them
+has a breach in the roof. On the desk, I think, of each lay a folio
+Welsh Bible of the black letter, which the curate cannot easily
+read.[1230]
+
+Mr. Thrale purposes to beautify the Churches, and if he prospers, will
+probably restore the tithes. The two parishes are, Llangwinodyl and
+Tydweilliog.[1231] The Methodists are here very prevalent. A better
+church will impress the people with more reverence of publick worship.
+
+Mrs. Thrale visited a house where she had been used to drink milk, which
+was left, with an estate of two hundred pounds a year, by one Lloyd, to
+a married woman who lived with him.
+
+We went to Pwllheli, a mean old town, at the extremity of the country.
+Here we bought something, to remember the place.
+
+AUGUST 25.
+
+We returned to Caernarvon, where we ate with Mrs. Wynne.
+
+AUGUST 26.
+
+We visited, with Mrs. Wynne, Llyn Badarn and Llyn Beris, two lakes,
+joined by a narrow strait. They are formed by the waters which fall from
+Snowdon and the opposite mountains. On the side of Snowdon are the
+remains of a large fort, to which we climbed with great labour. I was
+breathless and harassed. The Lakes have no great breadth, so that the
+boat is always near one bank or the other.
+
+_Note_. Queeny's goats, one hundred and forty-nine, I think.[1232]
+
+AUGUST 27.
+
+We returned to Bangor, where Mr. Thrale was lodged at Mr. Roberts's, the
+Register.
+
+AUGUST 28.
+
+We went to worship at the Cathedral. The quire is mean, the service was
+not well read.
+
+AUGUST 29.
+
+We came to Mr. Myddelton's, of Gwaynynog, to the first place, as my
+Mistress observed, where we have been welcome.
+
+_Note_. On the day when we visited Bodville, we turned to the house of
+Mr. Griffiths, of Kefnamwycllh, a gentleman of large fortune, remarkable
+for having made great and sudden improvements in his seat and estate. He
+has enclosed a large garden with a brick wall. He is considered as a man
+of great accomplishments. He was educated in literature at the
+University, and served some time in the army, then quitted his
+commission, and retired to his lands. He is accounted a good man, and
+endeavours to bring the people to church.
+
+In our way from Bangor to Conway, we passed again the new road upon the
+edge of Penmaen Mawr, which would be very tremendous, but that the wall
+shuts out the idea of danger. In the wall are several breaches, made, as
+Mr. Thrale very reasonably conjectures, by fragments of rocks which roll
+down the mountain, broken perhaps by frost, or worn through by rain.
+
+We then viewed Conway.
+
+To spare the horses at Penmaen Rhos, between Conway and St. Asaph, we
+sent the coach over the road across the mountain with Mrs. Thrale, who
+had been tired with a walk sometime before; and I, with Mr. Thrale and
+Miss, walked along the edge, where the path is very narrow, and much
+encumbered by little loose stones, which had fallen down, as we thought,
+upon the way since we passed it before.
+
+At Conway we took a short survey of the Castle, which afforded us
+nothing new. It is larger than that of Beaumaris, and less than that of
+Caernarvon. It is built upon a rock so high and steep, that it is even
+now very difficult of access. We found a round pit, which was called the
+Well; it is now almost filled, and therefore dry. We found the Well in
+no other castle. There are some remains of leaden pipes at Caernarvon,
+which, I suppose, only conveyed water from one part of the building to
+another. Had the garrison had no other supply, the Welsh, who must know
+where the pipes were laid, could easily have cut them.
+
+AUGUST 29.
+
+We came to the house of Mr. Myddelton, (on Monday,) where we staid to
+September 6, and were very kindly entertained. How we spent our time, I
+am not very able to tell[1233].
+
+We saw the wood, which is diversified and romantick.
+
+SEPTEMBER 4, SUNDAY.
+
+We dined with Mr. Myddelton, the clergyman, at Denbigh, where I saw the
+harvest-men very decently dressed, after the afternoon service, standing
+to be hired. On other days, they stand at about four in the morning.
+They are hired from day to day.
+
+SEPTEMBER 6.
+
+We lay at Wrexham; a busy, extensive, and well built town. It has a very
+large and magnificent Church. It has a famous fair.
+
+SEPTEMBER 7.
+
+We came to Chirk Castle.
+
+SEPTEMBER 8, THURSDAY.
+
+We came to the house of Dr. Worthington[1234], at Llanrhaiadr. Our
+entertainment was poor, though his house was not bad. The situation is
+very pleasant, by the side of a small river, of which the bank rises
+high on the other side, shaded by gradual rows of trees. The gloom, the
+stream, and the silence, generate thoughtfulness.  The town is old, and
+very mean, but has, I think, a market. In this house, the Welsh
+translation of the Old Testament was made. The Welsh singing Psalms were
+written by Archdeacon Price. They are not considered as elegant, but as
+very literal, and accurate.
+
+We came to Llanrhaiadr, through Oswestry; a town not very little, nor
+very mean. The church, which I saw only at a distance, seems to be an
+edifice much too good for the present state of the place.
+
+SEPTEMBER 9.
+
+We visited the waterfall, which is very high, and in rainy weather very
+copious. There is a reservoir made to supply it. In its fall, it has
+perforated a rock. There is a room built for entertainment. There was
+some difficulty in climbing to a near view. Lord Lyttelton[1235] came
+near it, and turned back.
+
+When we came back, we took some cold meat, and notwithstanding the
+Doctor's importunities, went that day to Shrewsbury.
+
+SEPTEMBER 10.
+
+I sent for Gwynn[1236], and he shewed us the town. The walls are
+broken, and narrower than those of Chester. The town is large, and has
+many gentlemen's houses, but the streets are narrow. I saw Taylor's
+library. We walked in the Quarry; a very pleasant walk by the
+river.[1237] Our inn was not bad.
+
+SEPTEMBER 11.
+
+Sunday. We were at St. Chads, a very large and luminous Church. We were
+on the Castle Hill.
+
+SEPTEMBER 12.
+
+We called on Dr. Adams,[1238] and travelled towards Worcester, through
+Wenlock; a very mean place, though a borough. At noon, we came to
+Bridgenorth, and walked about the town, of which one part stands on a
+high rock; and part very low, by the river. There is an old tower,
+which, being crooked, leans so much, that it is frightful to pass by it.
+
+In the afternoon we came through Kinver, a town in Staffordshire; neat
+and closely built. I believe it has only one street.
+
+The road was so steep and miry, that we were forced to stop at
+Hartlebury, where we had a very neat inn, though it made a very poor
+appearance.
+
+SEPTEMBER 13.
+
+We came to Lord Sandys's, at Ombersley, where we were treated with great
+civility.[1239]
+
+The house is large. The hall is a very noble room.
+
+SEPTEMBER 15.
+
+We went to Worcester, a very splendid city. The Cathedral is very noble,
+with many remarkable monuments. The library is in the Chapter House. On
+the table lay the _Nuremberg Chronicle_, I think, of the first edition.
+We went to the china warehouse. The Cathedral has a cloister. The long
+aisle is, in my opinion, neither so wide nor so high as that of
+Lichfield.
+
+SEPTEMBER 16.
+
+We went to Hagley, where we were disappointed of the respect and
+kindness that we expected[1240].
+
+SEPTEMBER 17.
+
+We saw the house and park, which equalled my expectation. The house is
+one square mass. The offices are below. The rooms of elegance on the
+first floor, with two stories of bedchambers, very well disposed above
+it. The bedchambers have low windows, which abates the dignity of the
+house. The park has one artificial ruin[1241], and wants water; there
+is, however, one temporary cascade. From the farthest hill there is a
+very wide prospect.
+
+I went to church. The church is, externally, very mean, and is therefore
+diligently hidden by a plantation. There are in it several modern
+monuments of the Lytteltons.
+
+There dined with us, Lord Dudley, and Sir Edward Lyttelton, of
+Staffordshire, and his Lady. They were all persons of agreeable
+conversation.
+
+I found time to reflect on my birthday, and offered a prayer, which I
+hope was heard.
+
+SEPTEMBER 19.
+
+We made haste away from a place, where all were offended[1242]. In the
+way we visited the Leasowes[1243]. It was rain, yet we visited all the
+waterfalls. There are, in one place, fourteen falls in a short line. It
+is the next place to Ham Gardens[1244]. Poor Shenstone never tasted his
+pension. It is not very well proved that any pension was obtained for
+him. I am afraid that he died of misery[1245].
+
+We came to Birmingham, and I sent for Wheeler, whom I found well.
+
+SEPTEMBER 20.
+
+We breakfasted with Wheeler,[1246] and visited the manufacture of Papier
+Mache. The paper which they use is smooth whited brown; the varnish is
+polished with rotten stone. Wheeler gave me a tea-board. We then went to
+Boulton's,[1247] who, with great civility, led us through his shops. I
+could not distinctly see his enginery.
+
+Twelve dozen of buttons for three shillings.[1248] Spoons struck at
+once.
+
+SEPTEMBER 21.
+
+Wheeler came to us again.
+
+We came easily to Woodstock.
+
+SEPTEMBER 22.
+
+We saw Blenheim and Woodstock Park.[1249] The Park contains two thousand
+five hundred acres; about four square miles. It has red deer.  Mr.
+Bryant[1250] shewed me the Library with great civility. _Durandi
+Rationale_, 1459[1251]. Lascaris' _Grammar_ of the first edition, well
+printed, but much less than later editions[1252]. The first
+_Batrachomyomachia_[1253].
+
+The Duke sent Mr. Thrale partridges and fruit.
+
+At night we came to Oxford.
+
+SEPTEMBER 23.
+
+We visited Mr. Coulson[1254]. The Ladies wandered about the University.
+
+SEPTEMBER 24.
+
+We dine with Mr. Coulson. Vansittart[1255] told me his distemper.
+
+Afterwards we were at Burke's, where we heard of the dissolution of the
+Parliament. We went home[1256].
+
+
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[1] See _ante_, ii. 434, note 1, and iii. 209.
+
+[2] His _Account of Corsica_, published in 1768.
+
+[3] Horace Walpole wrote on Nov.6, 1769 (_Letters_, v. 200):--'I found
+Paoli last week at Court. The King and Queen both took great notice of
+him. He has just made a tour to Bath, Oxford, &c., and was everywhere
+received with much distinction.' See _ante_, ii. 71.
+
+[4] Boswell, when in London, was 'his constant guest.' Ante, iii 35.
+
+[5] Boswell's son James says that 'in 1785 Mr. Malone was shewn at Mr.
+Baldwin's printing-house a sheet of the _Tour to the Hebrides_
+which contained Johnson's character. He was so much struck with the
+spirit and fidelity of the portrait that he requested to be introduced
+to its writer. From this period a friendship took place between them,
+which ripened into the strictest and most cordial intimacy. After Mr.
+Boswell's death in 1795 Mr. Malone continued to shew every mark of
+affectionate attention towards his family.' _Gent. Mag._ 1813, p. 518.
+
+[6] Malone began his edition of _Shakespeare_ in 1782; he brought it out
+in 1790. Prior's _Malone_, pp. 98, 166.
+
+[7] Boswell in the 'Advertisement' to the second edition, dated Dec. 20,
+1785, says that 'the whole of the first impression has been sold in a
+few weeks.' Three editions were published within a year, but the fourth
+was not issued till 1807. A German translation was published in Luebeck
+in 1787. I believe that in no language has a translation been published
+of the _Life of Johnson_. Johnson was indeed, as Boswell often calls
+him, 'a trueborn Englishman'--so English that foreigners could neither
+understand him nor relish his _Life_.
+
+[8] The man thus described is James I.
+
+[9] See _ante_, i. 450 and ii. 291.
+
+[10] _A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland_. Johnson's _Works_
+ix. 1.
+
+[11] See _ante_, i. 450. On a copy of Martin in the Advocates' Library
+[Edinburgh] I found the following note in the handwriting of Mr.
+Boswell:--'This very book accompanied Mr. Samuel Johnson and me in our
+Tour to the Hebrides.' UPCOTT. Croker's _Boswell_, p. 267.
+
+[12] Macbeth, act i. sc. 3.
+
+[13] See _ante_, iii. 24, and _post_, Nov. 10.
+
+[14] Our friend Edmund Burke, who by this time had received some pretty
+severe strokes from Dr. Johnson, on account of the unhappy difference in
+their politicks, upon my repeating this passage to him, exclaimed 'Oil
+of vitriol !' BOSWELL.
+
+[15] _Psalms_, cxli. 5.
+
+[16] 'We all love Beattie,' he had said. _Ante_, ii. 148.
+
+[17] This, I find, is a Scotticism. I should have said, 'It will not be
+long before we shall be at Marischal College.' BOSWELL. In spite of this
+warning Sir Walter Scott fell into the same error. 'The light foot of
+Mordaunt was not long of bearing him to Jarlok [Jarlshof].' _Pirate_,
+ch. viii. CROKER. Beattie was Professor of Moral Philosophy and Logic in
+Marischal College.
+
+[18] 'Nil mihi rescribas; attamen ipse veni.' Ovid, _Heroides_, i. 2.
+Boswell liked to display such classical learning as he had. When he
+visited Eton in 1789 he writes, 'I was asked by the Head-master to dine
+at the Fellows' table, and made a creditable figure. I certainly have
+the art of making the most of what I have. How should one who has had
+only a Scotch education be quite at home at Eton? I had my classical
+quotations very ready.' _Letters of Boswell_, p. 308.
+
+[19] Gray, Johnson writes (_Works_, viii. 479), visited Scotland in
+1765. 'He naturally contracted a friendship with Dr. Beattie, whom he
+found a poet,' &c.
+
+[20] _Post_, Sept. 12.
+
+[21] See _ante_, i. 274.
+
+[22] Afterwards Lord Stowell. He, his brother Lord Eldon, and Chambers
+were all Newcastle men. See _ante_, i. 462, for an anecdote of the
+journey and for a note on 'the Commons.'
+
+[23] See _ante_, ii. 453.
+
+[24] See _ante_, iv. III.
+
+[25] Baretti, in a MS. note on _Piozzi Letters_, i. 309, says:--'The
+most unaccountable part of Johnson's character was his total ignorance
+of the character of his most familiar acquaintance.'
+
+[26] Lord Pembroke said once to me at Wilton, with a happy pleasantry,
+and some truth, that 'Dr. Johnson's sayings would not appear so
+extraordinary, were it not for his _bow-wow way_:' but I admit the truth
+of this only on some occasions. The _Messiah_, played upon the
+_Canterbury organ_, is more sublime than when played upon an inferior
+instrument, but very slight musick will seem grand, when conveyed to the
+ear through that majestick medium. _While therefore Dr. Johnson's
+sayings are read, let his manner be taken along with them_. Let it,
+however, be observed, that the sayings themselves are generally great;
+that, though he might be an ordinary composer at times, he was for the
+most part a Handel. BOSWELL. See _ante_, ii. 326, 371, and under
+Aug. 29, 1783.
+
+[27] See _ante_, i. 42.
+
+[28] See _ante_, i. 41.
+
+[29] Such they appeared to me; but since the first edition, Sir Joshua
+Reynolds has observed to me, 'that Dr. Johnson's extraordinary gestures
+were only habits, in which he indulged himself at certain times. When in
+company, where he was not free, or when engaged earnestly in
+conversation, he never gave way to such habits, which proves that they
+were not involuntary.' I still however think, that these gestures were
+involuntary; for surely had not that been the case, he would have
+restrained them in the publick streets. BOSWELL. See _ante_, i. 144.
+
+[30] By an Act of the 7th of George I. for encouraging the consumption
+of raw silk and mohair, buttons and button-holes made of cloth, serge,
+and other stuffs were prohibited. In 1738 a petition was presented to
+Parliament stating that 'in evasion of this Act buttons and button-holes
+were made of horse-hair to the impoverishing of many thousands and
+prejudice of the woollen manufactures.' An Act was brought in to
+prohibit the use of horse-hair, and was only thrown out on the third
+reading. _Parl. Hist._ x. 787.
+
+[31] Boswell wrote to Erskine on Dec. 8, 1761: 'I, James Boswell Esq.,
+who "am happily possessed of a facility of manners"--to use the very
+words of Mr. Professor [Adam] Smith, which upon honour were addressed to
+me.' _Boswell and Erskine Corres_. ed. 1879, p. 26.
+
+[32] _Post_, Oct. 16.
+
+[33] _Hamlet_, act iii, sc. 4.
+
+[34] See _ante_, iv., March 21, 1783. Johnson is often reproached with
+his dislike of the Scotch, though much of it was assumed; but no one
+blames Hume's dislike of the English, though it was deep and real. On
+Feb. 21, 1770, he wrote:--'Our Government is too perfect in point of
+liberty for so rude a beast as an Englishman; who is a man, a bad animal
+too, corrupted by above a century of licentiousness.' J. H. Burton's
+_Hume_, ii. 434. Dr. Burton writes of the English as 'a people Hume so
+heartily disliked.' _Ib_. p. 433.
+
+[35] See _ante_, iv. 15.
+
+[36] The term _John Bull_ came into the English language in 1712, when
+Dr. Arbuthnot wrote _The History of John Bull_.
+
+[37] Boswell in three other places so describes Johnson. See _ante_,
+i.129, note 3.
+
+[38] See _ante_, i.467.
+
+[39] 'All nations, and kindreds, and people, and tongues.' _Rev_. vii.9.
+
+[40] See _ante_, ii. 376
+
+[41] In Cockburn's _Life of Jeffrey_, i.157, there is a description of
+Edinburgh, towards the close of the century, 'the last purely Scotch age
+that Scotland was destined to see. Almost the whole official state, as
+settled at the Union, survived; and all graced the capital, unconscious
+of the economical scythe which has since mowed it down. All our nobility
+had not then fled. The lawyers, instead of disturbing good company by
+professional matter, were remarkably free of this vulgarity; and being
+trained to take difference of opinion easily, and to conduct discussions
+with forbearance, were, without undue obtrusion, the most cheerful
+people that were to be met with. Philosophy had become indigenous in the
+place, and all classes, even in their gayest hours, were proud of the
+presence of its cultivators. And all this was still a Scotch scene. The
+whole country had not begun to be absorbed in the ocean of London.
+According to the modern rate of travelling [written in 1852] the
+capitals of Scotland and of England were then about 2400 miles asunder.
+Edinburgh was still more distant in its style and habits. It had then
+its own independent tastes, and ideas, and pursuits.' Scotland at this
+time was distinguished by the liberality of mind of its leading
+clergymen, which was due, according to Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. p 57), to
+the fact that the Professor of Theology under whom they had studied was
+'dull and Dutch and prolix.' 'There was one advantage,' he says,
+'attending the lectures of a dull professor--viz., that he could form no
+school, and the students were left entirely to themselves, and naturally
+formed opinions far more liberal than those they got from the
+Professor.'
+
+[42] Chambers (_Traditions of Edinburgh_, ed. 1825, ii.297) says that
+'the very spot which Johnson's armchair occupied is pointed out by the
+modern possessors.' The inn was called 'The White Horse.' 'It derives
+its name from having been the resort of the Hanoverian faction, the
+White Horse being the crest of Hanover.' Murray's _Guide to Scotland_,
+ed. 1867, p. 111.
+
+[43] Boswell writing of Scotland says:--'In the last age it was the
+common practice in the best families for all the company to eat milk, or
+pudding, or any other dish that is eat with a spoon, not by distributing
+the contents of the dish into small plates round the table, but by every
+person dipping his spoon into the large platter; and when the fashion of
+having a small plate for each guest was brought from the continent by a
+young gentleman returned from his travels, a good old inflexible
+neighbour in the country said, "he did not see anything he had learnt
+but to take his broth twice." Nay, in our own remembrance, the use of a
+carving knife was considered as a novelty; and a gentleman of ancient
+family and good literature used to rate his son, a friend of mine, for
+introducing such a foppish superfluity.'--_London Mag_. 1778, p.199.
+
+[44] See _ante_, ii. 403. Johnson, in describing Sir A. Macdonald's
+house in Sky, said:--'The Lady had not the common decencies of her
+tea-table; we picked up our sugar with our fingers.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i.138.
+
+[45] Chambers says that 'James's Court, till the building of the New
+Town, was inhabited by a select set of gentlemen. They kept a clerk to
+record their names and their proceedings, had a scavenger of their own,
+and had balls and assemblies among themselves.' Paoli was Boswell's
+guest there in 1771. _Traditions of Edinburgh_, i. 219. It was burnt
+down in 1857. Murray's _Guide to Scotland_, ed. 1883, p.49. Johnson
+wrote:--'Boswell has very handsome and spacious rooms, level with the
+ground on one side of the house, and on the other four stories high.'
+_Piozzi Letters_, i. 109. Dr. J.H. Burton says that Hume occupied them
+just before Boswell. He continues:--'Of the first impression made on a
+stranger at that period when entering such a house, a vivid description
+is given by Sir Walter Scott in _Guy Mannering_; and in Counsellor
+Pleydell's library, with its collection of books, and the prospect from
+the window, we have probably an accurate picture of the room in which
+Hume spent his studious hours.' _Life of Hume_, ii. 137, 431. At
+Johnson's visit Hume was living in his new house in the street which was
+humorously named after him, St. David Street. _Ib_. p. 436.
+
+[46] The English servant-girl in _Humphry Clinker_ (Letter of July 18),
+after describing how the filth is thus thrown out, says:--'The maid
+calls _gardy loo_ to the passengers, which signifies _Lord have mercy
+upon you!_'
+
+[47] Wesley, when at Edinburgh in May, 1761, writes:--'How can it be
+suffered that all manner of filth should still be thrown even into this
+street [High Street] continually? How long shall the capital city of
+Scotland, yea, and the chief street of it, stink worse than a common
+sewer?' Wesley's _Journal_, iii. 52. Baretti (_Journey from London to
+Genoa_, ii.255) says that this was the universal practice in Madrid in
+1760. He was driven out of that town earlier than he had intended to
+leave it by the dreadful stench. A few years after his visit the King
+made a reform, so that it became 'one of the cleanest towns in Europe.'
+_Ib_. p 258. Smollett in _Humphry Clinker_ makes Matthew Bramble say
+(Letter of July 18):--'The inhabitants of Edinburgh are apt to imagine
+the disgust that we avow is little better than affectation.'
+
+[48] 'Most of their buildings are very mean; and the whole town bears
+some resemblance to the old part of Birmingham.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 109.
+
+[49] See _ante_, i. 313.
+
+[50] Miss Burney, describing her first sight of Johnson, says:--'Upon
+asking my father why he had not prepared us for such uncouth, untoward
+strangeness, he laughed heartily, and said he had entirely forgotten
+that the same impression had been at first made upon himself; but had
+been lost even on the second interview.' _Memoirs of Dr. Burney_, ii.91.
+
+[51] See _post_, Aug. 22.
+
+[52] see _ante_, iii. 216.
+
+[53] Boswell writes, in his _Hypochondriacks_:--'Naturally somewhat
+singular, independent of any additions which affectation and vanity may
+perhaps have made, I resolved to have a more pleasing species of
+marriage than common, and bargained with my bride that I should not be
+bound to live with her longer than I really inclined; and that whenever
+I tired of her domestic society I should be at liberty to give it up.
+Eleven years have elapsed, and I have never yet wished to take advantage
+of my stipulated privilege.' _London Mag_. 1781, p.136. See _ante_, ii.
+140, note 1.
+
+[54] Sir Walter Scott was two years old this day. He was born in a house
+at the head of the College Wynd. When Johnson and Boswell returned to
+Edinburgh Jeffrey was a baby there seventeen days old. Some seventeen or
+eighteen years later 'he had the honour of assisting to carry the
+biographer of Johnson, in a state of great intoxication, to bed. For
+this he was rewarded next morning by Mr. Boswell clapping his head, and
+telling him that he was a very promising lad, and that if "you go on as
+you've begun, you may live to be a Bozzy yourself yet."' Cockburn's
+_Jeffrey_, i. 33.
+
+[55] He was one of Boswell's executors, and as such was in part
+responsible for the destruction of his manuscripts. _Ante_, iii. 301,
+note i. It is to his _Life of Dr. Beattie_ that Scott alludes in the
+Introduction to the fourth Canto of _Marmion_:--
+
+     'Scarce had lamented Forbes paid
+      The tribute to his Minstrel's shade;
+      The tale of friendship scarce was told,
+      Ere the narrator's heart was cold--
+      Far may we search before we find
+      A heart so manly and so kind.'
+
+It is only of late years that _Forbes_ has generally ceased to be a
+dissyllable.
+
+[56] The saint's name of _Veronica_ was introduced into our family
+through my great grandmother Veronica, Countess of Kincardine, a Dutch
+lady of the noble house of Sommelsdyck, of which there is a full account
+in Bayle's _Dictionary_. The family had once a princely right in
+Surinam. The governour of that settlement was appointed by the States
+General, the town of Amsterdam, and Sommelsdyck. The States General have
+acquired Sommelsdyck's right; but the family has still great dignity and
+opulence, and by intermarriages is connected with many other noble
+families. When I was at the Hague, I was received with all the affection
+of kindred. The present Sommelsdyck has an important charge in the
+Republick, and is as worthy a man as lives. He has honoured me with his
+correspondence for these twenty years. My great grandfather, the husband
+of Countess Veronica, was Alexander, Earl of Kincardine, that eminent
+_Royalist_ whose character is given by Burnet in his _History of his own
+Times_. From him the blood of _Bruce_ flows in my veins. Of such
+ancestry who would not be proud? And, as _Nihil est, nisi hoc sciat
+alter_, is peculiarly true of genealogy, who would not be glad to seize
+a fair opportunity to let it be known. BOSWELL. Boswell visited Holland
+in 1763. _Ante_, i. 473. Burnet says that 'the Earl was both the wisest
+and the worthiest man that belonged to his country, and fit for
+governing any affairs but his own; which he by a wrong turn, and by his
+love for the public, neglected to his ruin. His thoughts went slow and
+his words came much slower; but a deep judgment appeared in everything
+he said or did. I may be, perhaps, inclined to carry his character too
+far; for he was the first man that entered into friendship with me.'
+Burnet's _History_, ed. 1818, i. III. 'The ninth Earl succeeded as fifth
+Earl of Elgin and thus united the two dignities.' Burke's _Peerage_.
+Boswell's quotation is from Persius, _Satires_, i. 27: 'Scire tuum nihil
+est, nisi te scire hoc sciat alter.' It is the motto to _The
+Spectator_, No. 379.
+
+[57] She died four months after her father. I cannot find that she
+received this additional fortune.
+
+[58] See _ante_, ii. 47.
+
+[59] See _ante_, iv. 5, note 2.
+
+[60] See _ante_, iii. 231. Johnson (_Works_, ix. 33) speaks of 'the
+general dissatisfaction which is now driving the Highlanders into the
+other hemisphere.' This dissatisfaction chiefly arose from the fact that
+the chiefs were 'gradually degenerating from patriarchal rulers to
+rapacious landlords.' _Ib._ p. 86. 'That the people may not fly from the
+increase of rent I know not whether the general good does not require
+that the landlords be, for a time, restrained in their demands, and kept
+quiet by pensions proportionate to their loss.... It affords a
+legislator little self-applause to consider, that where there was
+formerly an insurrection there is now a wilderness.' _Ib._ p. 94. 'As
+the world has been let in upon the people, they have heard of happier
+climates and less arbitrary government.' _Ib._ p. 128.
+
+[61] 'To a man that ranges the streets of London, where he is tempted to
+contrive wants for the pleasure of supplying them, a shop affords no
+image worthy of attention; but in an island it turns the balance of
+existence between good and evil. To live in perpetual want of little
+things is a state, not indeed of torture, but of constant vexation. I
+have in Sky had some difficulty to find ink for a letter; and if a woman
+breaks her needle, the work is at a stop.' _Ib._ p. 127.
+
+[62] 'It was demolished in 1822.' Chambers's _Traditions of Edinburgh_,
+i. 215.
+
+[63] 'The Lord reigneth; let the earth rejoice; let the multitude of
+isles be glad thereof.' _Psalms_, xcvii.1.
+
+[64] A brief memoir of Mr. Carre is given in Forbes's _Life of Beattie_,
+Appendix Z.
+
+[65] It was his daughter who gave the name to the new street in which
+Hume had taken a house by chalking on his wall ST. DAVID STREET. 'Hume's
+"lass," judging that it was not meant in honour or reverence, ran into
+the house much excited, to tell her master how he was made game of.
+"Never mind, lassie," he said; "many a better man has been made a saint
+of before."' J.H. Burton's _Hume_, ii. 436.
+
+[66] The House of Lords reversed the decision of the Court of Session in
+this cause. See _ante_, ii.50, 230.
+
+[67] Ogden was Woodwardian Professor at Cambridge. The sermons were
+published in 1770. Boswell mentions them so often that in Rowlandson's
+caricatures of the tour he is commonly represented as having them in his
+hand or pocket. See _ante_, iii. 248.
+
+[68] 'Talking of the eminent writers in Queen Anne's reign, Johnson
+observed, "I think Dr. Arbuthnot the first man among them.'" _Ante_,
+i. 425.
+
+[69] 'We found that by the interposition of some invisible friend
+lodgings had been provided for us at the house of one of the professors,
+whose easy civility quickly made us forget that we were strangers.'
+_Works_, ix. 3.
+
+[70] He is referring to Beattie's _Essay on Truth_. See _post_, Oct. 1,
+and _ante_, ii. 201.
+
+[71] See _ante_, ii. 443, where Johnson, again speaking of Hume, and
+perhaps of Gibbon, says:--'When a man voluntarily engages in an
+important controversy, he is to do all he can to lessen his antagonist,
+because authority from personal respect has much weight with most
+people, and often more than reasoning.'
+
+[72] Johnson, in his Dictionary, calls _bubble_ 'a cant [slang] word.'
+
+[73] Boswell wrote to Temple in 1768:--'David [Hume] is really amiable:
+I always regret to him his unlucky principles, and he smiles at my
+faith; but I have a hope which he has not, or pretends not to have. So
+who has the best of it, my reverend friend?' _Letters of Boswell_,
+p.151. Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. pp. 274-5) says:--'Mr. Hume gave both
+elegant dinners and suppers, and the best claret, and, which was best of
+all, he furnished the entertainment with the most instructive and
+pleasing conversation, for he assembled whosoever were most knowing and
+agreeable among either the laity or clergy. For innocent mirth and
+agreeable raillery I never knew his match....He took much to the company
+of the younger clergy, not from a wish to bring them over to his
+opinions, for he never attempted to overturn any man's principles, but
+they best understood his notions, and could furnish him with literary
+conversation.'
+
+[74] No doubt they were destroyed with Boswell's other papers. _Ante_,
+iii.301, note 1.
+
+[75] This letter, though shattered by the sharp shot of Dr. _Horne_ of
+_Oxford's_ wit, in the character of _One of the People called
+Christians_, is still prefixed to Mr. Hume's excellent _History of
+England_, like a poor invalid on the piquet guard, or like a list of
+quack medicines sold by the same bookseller, by whom a work of whatever
+nature is published; for it has no connection with his _History_, let it
+have what it may with what are called his _Philosophical_ Works. A
+worthy friend of mine in London was lately consulted by a lady of
+quality, of most distinguished merit, what was the best History of
+England for her son to read. My friend recommended Hume's. But, upon
+recollecting that its usher was a superlative panegyrick on one, who
+endeavoured to sap the credit of our holy religion, he revoked his
+recommendation. I am really sorry for this ostentatious _alliance_;
+because I admire _The Theory of Moral Sentiments_, and value the
+greatest part of _An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of
+Nations_. Why should such a writer be so forgetful of human comfort, as
+to give any countenance to that dreary infidelity which would make us
+poor indeed?' ['makes me poor indeed.' _Othello_, act iii. sc.3].
+BOSWELL. Dr. Horne's book is entitled, _A Letter to Adam Smith, LL.D.,
+On the Life, Death, and Philosophy of his Friend David Hume, Esq. By one
+of the People called Christians_. Its chief wit is in the Preface. The
+bookseller mentioned in this note was perhaps Francis Newbery, who
+succeeded his father, Goldsmith's publisher, as a dealer in quack
+medicines and books. They dealt in 'over thirty different nostrums,' and
+published books of every nature. Of the father Johnson said:--'Newbery
+is an extraordinary man, for I know not whether he has read or written
+most books.' He is the original of 'Jack Whirler' in _The Idler_, No.
+19. _A Bookseller of the Last Century_, pp. 22, 73.
+
+[76] Hume says that his first work, his _Treatise of Human Nature_,
+'fell _dead-born from the press.' Auto._ p.3. His _Enquiry concerning
+Human Understanding_ 'was entirely overlooked and neglected.' _Ib_. p.4.
+His _Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals_ 'came unnoticed and
+unobserved into the world.' _Ib_. p.5. The first volume of his _History
+of England_ certainly met with numerous assailants; but 'after the first
+ebullitions of their fury were over, what was still more mortifying, the
+book seemed to sink into oblivion. Mr. Millar told me,' he continues,
+'that in a twelvemonth he sold only forty-five copies of it...I was I
+confess, discouraged, and had not the war at that time been breaking out
+between France and England, I had certainly retired to some provincial
+town of the former kingdom, have changed my name, and never more have
+returned to my native country.' _Ib_. p.6. Only one of his works, his
+_Political Discourses_, was 'successful on the first publication.' _Ib_.
+p.5. By the time he was turned fifty, however, his books were selling
+very well, and he had become 'not only independent but opulent.' Ib. p.
+8. A few weeks before he died he wrote: 'I see many symptoms of my
+literary reputation's breaking out at last with additional lustre.'
+_Ib_. p.10.
+
+[77] _Psalms_, cxix. 99.
+
+[78] We learn, _post_, Oct. 29, that Robertson was cautious in his talk,
+though we see here that he had much more courage than the professors of
+Aberdeen or Glasgow.
+
+[79] This was one of the points upon which Dr. Johnson was strangely
+heterodox. For, surely, Mr. Burke, with his other remarkable qualities,
+is also distinguished for his wit, and for wit of all kinds too: not
+merely that power of language which Pope chooses to denominate wit:--
+
+     (True wit is Nature to advantage drest;
+      What oft was thought, but ne'er so well exprest.)
+
+[Pope's Essay on Criticism, ii. 297.] but surprising allusions,
+brilliant sallies of vivacity, and pleasant conceits. His speeches in
+parliament are strewed with them. Take, for instance, the variety which
+he has given in his wide range, yet exact detail, when exhibiting his
+Reform Bill. And his conversation abounds in wit. Let me put down a
+specimen. I told him, I had seen, at a _Blue stocking_ assembly, a
+number of ladies sitting round a worthy and tall friend of ours,
+listening to his literature. 'Ay, (said he) like maids round a
+May-pole.' I told him, I had found out a perfect definition of human
+nature, as distinguished from the animal. An ancient philosopher said,
+Man was 'a two-legged animal without feathers,' upon which his rival
+Sage had a Cock plucked bare, and set him down in the school before all
+the disciples, as a 'Philosophick Man.' Dr. Franklin said, Man was 'a
+tool-making animal,' which is very well; for no animal but man makes a
+thing, by means of which he can make another thing. But this applies to
+very few of the species. My definition of _Man_ is, 'a Cooking animal.'
+The beasts have memory, judgment, and all the faculties and passions of
+our mind in a certain degree; but no beast is a cook. The trick of the
+monkey using the cat's paw to roast a chestnut, is only a piece of
+shrewd malice in that _turpissima bestia_, which humbles us so sadly by
+its similarity to us. Man alone can dress a good dish; and every man
+whatever is more or less a cook, in seasoning what he himself eats. Your
+definition is good, said Mr. Burke, and I now see the full force of the
+common proverb, 'There is _reason_ in roasting of eggs.' When Mr.
+Wilkes, in his days of tumultuous opposition, was borne upon the
+shoulders of the mob, Mr. Burke (as Mr. Wilkes told me himself, with
+classical admiration,) applied to him what _Horace_ says of _Pindar_,
+
+     ..._numeris_que fertur
+  LEGE _solutis_. [_Odes_, iv. 2. 11.]
+
+Sir Joshua Reynolds, who agrees with me entirely as to Mr. Burke's.
+fertility of wit, said, that this was 'dignifying a pun.' He also
+observed, that he has often heard Burke say, in the course of an
+evening, ten good things, each of which would have served a noted wit
+(whom he named) to live upon for a twelvemonth. I find, since the former
+edition, that some persons have objected to the instances which I have
+given of Mr. Burke's wit, as not doing justice to my very ingenious
+friend; the specimens produced having, it is alleged, more of conceit
+than real wit, and being merely sportive sallies of the moment, not
+justifying the encomium which, they think with me, he undoubtedly
+merits. I was well aware, how hazardous it was to exhibit particular
+instances of wit, which is of so airy and spiritual a nature as often to
+elude the hand that attempts to grasp it. The excellence and efficacy of
+a _bon mot_ depend frequently so much on the occasion on which it is
+spoken, on the particular manner of the speaker, on the person to whom
+it is applied, the previous introduction, and a thousand minute
+particulars which cannot be easily enumerated, that it is always
+dangerous to detach a witty saying from the group to which it belongs,
+and to set it before the eye of the spectator, divested of those
+concomitant circumstances, which gave it animation, mellowness, and
+relief. I ventured, however, at all hazards, to put down the first
+instances that occurred to me, as proofs of Mr. Burke's lively and
+brilliant fancy; but am very sensible that his numerous friends could
+have suggested many of a superior quality. Indeed, the being in company
+with him, for a single day, is sufficient to shew that what I have
+asserted is well founded; and it was only necessary to have appealed to
+all who know him intimately, for a complete refutation of the heterodox
+opinion entertained by Dr. Johnson on this subject. _He_ allowed Mr.
+Burke, as the reader will find hereafter [_post_. Sept.15 and 30], to be
+a man of consummate and unrivalled abilities in every light except that
+now under consideration; and the variety of his allusions, and splendour
+of his imagery, have made such an impression on _all the rest_ of the
+world, that superficial observers are apt to overlook his other merits,
+and to suppose that _wit_ is his chief and most prominent excellence;
+when in fact it is only one of the many talents that he possesses, which
+are so various and extraordinary, that it is very difficult to ascertain
+precisely the rank and value of each. BOSWELL. For Malone's share in
+this note, see _ante_, iii. 323, note 2. For Burke's Economical Reform
+Bill, which was brought in on Feb. 11, 1780, see Prior's _Burke_, p.184.
+For _Blue Stocking_, see _ante_, iv. 108. The 'tall friend of ours' was
+Mr. Langton (_ante_, i. 336). For Franklin's definition, see _ante_,
+iii. 245, and for Burke's classical pun, _ib_. p. 323. For Burke's
+'talent of wit,' see _ante_, i. 453, iii. 323, iv. May 15, 1784, and
+_post_, Sept. 15.
+
+[80] See _ante_, iv. 27, where Burke said:--'It is enough for me to have
+rung the bell to him [Johnson].'
+
+[81] See _ante_, vol. iv, May 15, 1784.
+
+[82] Prior (_Life of Burke_, pp.31, 36) says that 'from the first his
+destination was the Bar.' His name was entered at the Middle Temple in
+1747, but he was never called. Why he gave up the profession his
+biographer cannot tell.
+
+[83] See _ante_, ii. 437, note 2.
+
+[84] See _ante_, i. 78, note 2.
+
+[85] That cannot be said now, after the flagrant part which Mr. _John
+Wesley_ took against our American brethren, when, in his own name, he
+threw amongst his enthusiastick flock, the very individual combustibles
+of Dr. _Johnson's Taxation no Tyranny_; and after the intolerant spirit
+which he manifested against our fellow-christians of the Roman Catholick
+Communion, for which that able champion, Father _O'Leary_, has given him
+so hearty a drubbing. But I should think myself very unworthy, if I did
+not at the same time acknowledge Mr. John Wesley's merit, as a veteran
+'Soldier of Jesus Christ' [2 _Timothy_, ii. 3], who has, I do believe,
+'turned many from darkness into light, and from the power of _Satan_ to
+the living GOD' [_Acts_, xxvi. 18]. BOSWELL. Wesley wrote on Nov. 11,
+1775 (_Journal_, iv. 56), 'I made some additions to the _Calm Address to
+our American Colonies_. Need any one ask from what motive this was
+wrote? Let him look round; England is in a flame! a flame of malice and
+rage against the King, and almost all that are in authority under him. I
+labour to put out this flame.' He wrote a few days later:--'As to
+reviewers, news-writers, _London Magazines_, and all that kind of
+gentlemen, they behave just as I expected they would. And let them lick
+up Mr. Toplady's spittle still; a champion worthy of their cause.'
+_Journal_, p. 58. In a letter published in Jan. 1780, he said:--'I
+insist upon it, that no government, not Roman Catholic, ought to
+tolerate men of the Roman Catholic persuasion. They ought not to be
+tolerated by any government, Protestant, Mahometan, or Pagan.' To this
+the Rev. Arthur O'Leary replied with great wit and force, in a pamphlet
+entitled, _Remarks on the Rev. Mr. Wesley's Letters_. Dublin, 1780.
+Wesley (_Journal_, iv. 365) mentions meeting O'Leary, and says:--'He
+seems not to be wanting either in sense or learning.' Johnson wrote to
+Wesley on Feb. 6, 1776 (Croker's _Boswell_, p. 475), 'I have thanks to
+return you for the addition of your important suffrage to my argument on
+the American question. To have gained such a mind as yours may justly
+confirm me in my own opinion. What effect my paper has upon the public,
+I know not; but I have no reason to be discouraged. The lecturer was
+surely in the right, who, though he saw his audience slinking away,
+refused to quit the chair while Plato staid.'
+
+[86] 'Powerful preacher as he was,' writes Southey, 'he had neither
+strength nor acuteness of intellect, and his written compositions are
+nearly worthless.' Southey's _Wesley,_ i. 323. See _ante_, ii. 79.
+
+[87] Mr. Burke. See _ante_, ii. 222, 285, note 3, and iii. 45.
+
+[88] If due attention were paid to this observation, there would be more
+virtue, even in politicks. What Dr. Johnson justly condemned, has, I am
+sorry to say, greatly increased in the present reign. At the distance of
+four years from this conversation, 21st February, 1777, My Lord
+Archbishop of York, in his 'sermon before the Society for the
+Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts,' thus indignantly describes
+the then state of parties:--'Parties once had a _principle_ belonging
+to them, absurd perhaps, and indefensible, but still carrying a notion
+of _duty_, by which honest minds might easily be caught. 'But there are
+now _combinations_ of _individuals_, who, instead of being the sons and
+servants of the community, make a league for advancing their _private
+interests_. It is their business to hold high the notion of _political
+honour_. I believe and trust, it is not injurious to say, that such a
+bond is no better than that by which the lowest and wickedest
+combinations are held together; and that it denotes the last stage of
+political depravity.' To find a thought, which just shewed itself to us
+from the mind of _Johnson_, thus appearing again at such a distance of
+time, and without any communication between them, enlarged to full
+growth in the mind of _Markham_, is a curious object of philosophical
+contemplation.--That two such great and luminous minds should have been
+so dark in one corner,--that _they_ should have held it to be 'Wicked
+rebellion in the British subjects established in America, to resist the
+abject condition of holding all their property at the mercy of British
+subjects remaining at home, while their allegiance to our common Lord
+the King was to be preserved inviolate,--is a striking proof to me,
+either that 'He who sitteth in Heaven' [_Psalms_, ii.4] scorns the
+loftiness of human pride,--or that the evil spirit, whose personal
+existence I strongly believe, and even in this age am confirmed in that
+belief by a _Fell_, nay, by a _Hurd_, has more power than some choose to
+allow. BOSWELL. Horace Walpole writing on June 10, 1778, after censuring
+Robertson for sneering at Las Casas, continues:--'Could Archbishop
+Markham in a Sermon before the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel
+by fire and sword paint charity in more contemptuous terms? It is a
+Christian age.' _Letters_, vii.81. It was Archbishop Markham to whom
+Johnson made the famous bow; _ante_, vol. iv, just before April 10,
+1783. John Fell published in 1779 _Demoniacs; an Enquiry into the
+Heathen and Scripture Doctrine of Daemons_. For Hurd see _ante_, under
+June 9,1784.
+
+[89] See Forster's _Essays_, ii 304-9. Mr. Forster often quotes Cooke in
+his _Life of Goldsmith_. He describes him (i. 58) as 'a _young_ Irish
+law student who had chambers near Goldsmith in the temple.' Goldsmith
+did not reside in the temple till 1763 (_ib_. p.336), and Cooke was old
+enough to have published his _Hesiod_ in 1728, and to have found a place
+in _The Dunciad_ (ii. 138). See Elwin and Courthope's _Pope_, x. 212,
+for his correspondence with Pope.
+
+[90] It may be observed, that I sometimes call my great friend, _Mr_.
+Johnson, sometimes _Dr_. Johnson: though he had at this time a doctor's
+degree from Trinity College, Dublin. The University of Oxford afterwards
+conferred it upon him by a diploma, in very honourable terms. It was
+some time before I could bring myself to call him Doctor; but, as he has
+been long known by that title, I shall give it to him in the rest of
+this Journal. BOSWELL. See _ante_, i. 488, note 3, and ii. 332, note I.
+
+[91] In _The Idler_, No. viii, Johnson has the following fling at
+tragedians. He had mentioned the terror struck into our soldiers by the
+Indian war-cry, and he continues:--'I am of opinion that by a proper
+mixture of asses, bulls, turkeys, geese, and tragedians a noise might be
+procured equally horrid with the war-cry.' See _ante_, ii.92.
+
+[92] _Tom Jones_, Bk. xvi. chap. 5. Mme. Necker in a letter to Garrick
+said:--'Nos acteurs se metamorphosent assez bien, mais Monsieur Garrick
+fait autre chose; il nous metamorphose tous dans le caractere qu'il a
+revetu; _nous sommes remplis de terreur avec Hamlet_,' &c. _Garrick
+Corres_. ii. 627.
+
+[93] See _ante_, i. 432, and ii. 278.
+
+[94] See _ante_, ii. 11.
+
+[95] Euphan M'Cullan (not Eupham Macallan) is mentioned in Dalrymple's
+[Lord Hailes] _Remarks on the History of Scotland_, p. 254. She
+maintained that 'she seldom ever prayed but she got a positive answer.'
+The minister of her parish was ill. 'She prayed, and got an answer that
+for a year's time he should be spared; and after the year's end he fell
+sick again.' 'I went,' said she, 'to pray yet again for his life; but
+the Lord left me not an mouse's likeness (a proverbial expression,
+meaning _to reprove with such severity that the person reproved shrinks
+and becomes abashed_), and said, 'Beast that thou art! shall I keep my
+servant in pain for thy sake?' And when I said, 'Lord, what then shall I
+do?' He answered me, 'He was but a reed that I spoke through, and I will
+provide another reed to speak through.' Dalrymple points out that it was
+a belief in these 'answers from the Lord' that led John Balfour and his
+comrades to murder Archbishop Sharp.
+
+[96] R. Chambers, in his _Traditions_, speaking of the time of Johnson's
+visit, says (i. 21) on the authority of 'an ancient native of Edinburgh
+that people all knew each other by sight. The appearance of a new face
+upon the streets was at once remarked, and numbers busied themselves in
+finding out who and what the stranger was.'
+
+[97] It was on this visit to the parliament-house, that Mr. Henry
+Erskine (brother of Lord Erskine), after being presented to Dr. Johnson
+by Mr. Boswell, and having made his bow, slipped a shilling into
+Boswell's hand, whispering that it was for the sight of his _bear_.
+WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[98] This is one of the Libraries entitled to a copy of every new work
+published in the United Kingdom. Hume held the office of librarian at a
+salary of L40 a year from 1752 to 1757. J.H. Burton's _Hume_, i.
+367, 373.
+
+[99] The Edinburgh oyster-cellars were called _laigh shops_. Chambers's
+_Traditions_, ii. 268.
+
+[100] This word is commonly used to signify _sullenly, gloomily_; and in
+that sense alone it appears in Dr. Johnson's _Dictionary_. I suppose he
+meant by it, 'with an _obstinate resolution_, similar to that of a
+sullen man.' BOSWELL. Southey wrote to Scott:--'Give me more lays, and
+correct them at leisure for after editions--not laboriously, but when
+the amendment comes naturally and unsought for. It never does to sit
+down doggedly to _correct_.' Southey's _Life_, iii. 126. See _ante_, i.
+332, for the influence of seasons on composition.
+
+[101] Boswell, _post_, Nov. 1, writes of '_old Scottish_ enthusiasm,'
+again italicising these two words.
+
+[102] See _ante_, iii. 410.
+
+[103] See _ante_, i. 354.
+
+[104] Cockburn (_Life of Jeffrey_, i. 182) writing of the beginning of
+this century, describes how the General Assembly 'met in those days, as
+it had done for about 200 years, in one of the aisles of the then grey
+and venerable cathedral of St. Giles. That plain, square, galleried
+apartment was admirably suited for the purpose; and it was more
+interesting from the men who had acted in it, and the scenes it had
+witnessed, than any other existing room in Scotland. It had beheld the
+best exertions of the best men in the kingdom ever since the year 1640.
+Yet was it obliterated in the year 1830 with as much indifference as if
+it had been of yesterday; and for no reason except a childish desire for
+new walls and change.'
+
+[105] I have hitherto called him Dr. William Robertson, to distinguish
+him from Dr. James Robertson, who is soon to make his appearance. But
+_Principal_, from his being the head of our college, is his usual
+designation, and is shorter: so I shall use it hereafter. BOSWELL.
+
+[106] The dirtiness of the Scotch churches is taken off in _The Tale of
+a Tub_, sect. xi:--'Neither was it possible for the united rhetoric of
+mankind to prevail with Jack to make himself clean again.' In _Humphry
+Clinker_ (Letter of Aug. 8) we are told that 'the good people of
+Edinburgh no longer think dirt and cobwebs essential to the house of
+God.' Bishop Horne (_Essays and Thoughts_, p. 45) mentioning 'the maxim
+laid down in a neighbouring kingdom that _cleanliness is not essential
+to devotion_,' continues, 'A Church of England lady once offered to
+attend the Kirk there, if she might be permitted to have the pew swept
+and lined. "The pew swept and lined!" said Mess John's wife, "my husband
+would think it downright popery."' In 1787 he wrote that there are
+country churches in England 'where, perhaps, three or four noble
+families attend divine service, which are suffered year after year to be
+in a condition in which not one of those families would suffer the worst
+room in their house to continue for a week.' _Essays and Thoughts_,
+p. 271.
+
+[107] 'Hume recommended Fergusson's friends to prevail on him to
+suppress the work as likely to be injurious to his reputation.' When it
+had great success he said that his opinion remained the same. He had
+heard Helvetius and Saurin say that they had told Montesquieu that he
+ought to suppress his _Esprit des Lois_. They were still convinced that
+their advice was right. J. H. Burton's _Hume_, ii. 385-7. It was at
+Fergusson's house thirteen years later that Walter Scott, a lad of
+fifteen, saw Burns shed tears over a print by Bunbury of a soldier lying
+dead on the snow. Lockhart's _Scott_, i. 185. See _ib_. vii. 61, for an
+anecdote of Fergusson.
+
+[108] They were pulled down in 1789. Murray's _Handbook for Scotland_,
+ed. 1883, p. 60.
+
+[109] See _ante_, ii. 128.
+
+[110] See _ante_, iii. 357, and _post_, Johnson's _Tour into Wales_,
+Aug. 1, 1774.
+
+[111]
+
+     'There where no statesman buys,
+        no bishop sells;
+      A virtuous palace where no
+        monarch dwells.'
+
+_An Epitaph_. Hamilton's Poems, ed. 1760, p. 260. See _ante_, iii. 150.
+
+[112] The stanza from which he took this line is,
+
+     'But then rose up all Edinburgh,
+       They rose up by thousands three;
+     A cowardly Scot came John behind,
+     And ran him through the fair body!'
+
+
+[113] Johnson described her as 'an old lady, who talks broad Scotch with
+a paralytick voice, and is scarce understood by her own countrymen.'
+_Piozzi Letters_, i.109. Lord Shelburne says that 'her husband, the last
+Duke, could neither read nor write without great difficulty.'
+Fitzmaurice's _Shelburne_, i. 11. Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. p. 107) says
+that in 1745 he heard her say:--'I have sworn to be Duchess of Douglas
+or never to mount a marriage bed.' She married the Duke in 1758. R.
+Chambers wrote in 1825:--'It is a curious fact that sixty years ago
+there was scarcely a close in the High Street but what had as many noble
+inhabitants as are at this day to be found in the whole town.'
+_Traditions of Edinburgh_, ed. 1825, i. 72.
+
+[114] See ante, ii. 154, note 1.
+
+[115] Lord Chesterfield wrote from London on Dec. 16, 1760 (_Misc.
+Works_, iv. 291):--'I question whether you will ever see my friend
+George Faulkner in Ireland again, he is become so great and considerable
+a man here in the republic of letters; he has a constant table open to
+all men of wit and learning, and to those sometimes who have neither. I
+have been able to get him to dine with me but twice.'
+
+[116] Dr. Johnson one evening roundly asserted in his rough way that
+"Swift was a shallow fellow; a very shallow fellow." Mr. Sheridan
+replied warmly but modestly, "Pardon me, Sir, for differing from you,
+but I always thought the Dean a very clear writer." Johnson vociferated
+"All shallows are clear."' _Town and Country Mag_. Sept. 1769. _Notes
+and Queries_, Jan. 1855, p. 62. See _ante_, iv. 61.
+
+[117] '_The Memoirs of Scriblerus_,' says Johnson (_Works_, viii. 298),
+'seem to be the production of Arbuthnot, with a few touches, perhaps, by
+Pope.' Swift also was concerned in it. Johnson goes on to shew why 'this
+joint production of three great writers has never obtained any notice
+from mankind.' Arbuthnot was the author of _John Bull_. Swift wrote to
+Stella on May 10, 1712:--'I hope you read _John Bull_. It was a Scotch
+gentleman, a friend of mine, that wrote it; but they put it upon me.'
+See _ante_, i. 425.
+
+[118] See _ante_, i. 452, and ii. 318.
+
+[119] Horace, _Satires_. I. iii. 19.
+
+[120] See _ante_, i. 396, and ii. 298.
+
+[121] See _ante_, ii. 74.
+
+[122] 'At supper there was such conflux of company that I could scarcely
+support the tumult. I have never been well in the whole journey, and am
+very easily disordered.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 109.
+
+[123] See _ante_, iv. 17, and under June 9, 1784.
+
+[124] Johnson was thinking of Sir Matthew Hale for one.
+
+[125] 'It is supposed that there were no executions for witchcraft in
+England subsequently to the year 1682; but the Statute of I James I, c.
+12, so minute in its enactments against witches, was not repealed till
+the 9 Geo. II, c. 5. In Scotland, so late as the year 1722, when the
+local jurisdictions were still hereditary [see _post_, Sept. 11], the
+sheriff of Sutherlandshire condemned a witch to death.' _Penny Cyclo_.
+xxvii. 490. In the Bishopric of Wurtzburg, so late as 1750, a nun was
+burnt for witchcraft: 'Cette malheureuse fille soutint opiniatrement
+qu'elle etait sorciere.... Elle etait folle, ses juges furent imbecilles
+et barbares.' Voltaire's _Works_, ed. 1819, xxvi. 285.
+
+[126] A Dane wrote to Garrick from Copenhagen on Dec. 23, 1769:--'There
+is some of our retinue who, not understanding a word of your language,
+mimic your gesture and your action: so great an impression did it make
+upon their minds, the scene of daggers has been repeated in dumb show a
+hundred times, and those most ignorant of the English idiom can cry out
+with rapture, "A horse, a horse; my kingdom for a horse!"' _Garrick
+Corres._ i. 375. See _ante_, vol. iv. under Sept. 30, 1783
+
+[127] See _ante_, i. 466.
+
+[128] Johnson, in the preface to his _Dictionary_ (_Works_, v. 43),
+after stating what he had at first planned, continues:--'But these were
+the dreams of a poet doomed at last to wake a lexicographer.' See
+_ante_, i. 189, note 2, and May I, 1783.
+
+[129] See his letter on this subject in the APPENDIX. BOSWELL. He had
+been tutor to Hume's nephew and was one of Hume's friends. J.H Burton's
+_Hume_, ii. 399.
+
+[130] By the Baron d'Holbach. Voltaire (_Works_, xii. 212) describes
+this book as 'Une _Philippique_ contre Dieu.' He wrote to M.
+Saurin:--'Ce maudit livre du Systeme de la Nature est un peche contre
+nature. Je vous sais bien bon gre de reprouver l'atheisme et d'aimer ce
+vers: "Si Dieu n'existait pas, il faudrait l'inventer." Je suis rarement
+content de mes vers, mais j'avoue que j'ai une tendresse de pere pour
+celui-la.' _Ib_. v. 418.
+
+[131] One of Garrick's correspondents speaks of 'the sneer of one of
+Johnson's ghastly smiles.' _Garrick Corres_. i. 334. 'Ghastly smile' is
+borrowed from _Paradise Lost_, ii. 846.
+
+[132] See _ante_, iii. 212. In Chambers's _Traditions of Edinburgh_, ii.
+158, is given a comic poem entitled _The Court of Session Garland_,
+written by Boswell, with the help, it was said, of Maclaurin.
+
+[133] Dr. John Gregory, Professor of Medicine in the University of
+Edinburgh, died on Feb. 10 of this year. It was his eldest son James who
+met Johnson. 'This learned family has given sixteen professors to
+British Universities.' Chalmers's _Biog. Dict._ xvi. 289.
+
+[134] See _ante_, i. 257, note 3.
+
+[135] See _ante_, i. 228.
+
+[136] See _ante_, ii. 196.
+
+[137] In the original, _cursed the form that_, &c. Johnson's _Works_, i.
+21.
+
+[138] Mistress of Edward IV. BOSWELL.
+
+[139] Mistress of Louis XIV. BOSWELL. Voltaire, speaking of the King and
+Mlle. de La Valliere (not Valiere, as Lord Hailes wrote her name),
+says:--'Il gouta avec elle le bonheur rare d'etre aime uniquement pour
+lui-meme.' _Siecle de Louis XIV_, ch. 25. He describes her penitence in
+a fine passage. _Ib._ ch. 26.
+
+[140] Malone, in a note on the _Life of Boswell_ under 1749, says that
+'this lady was not the celebrated Lady Vane, whose memoirs were given to
+the public by Dr. Smollett [in _Peregrine Pickle_], but Anne Vane, who
+was mistress to Frederick Prince of Wales, and died in 1736, not long
+before Johnson settled in London.' She is mentioned in a note to Horace
+Walpole's _Letters_, 1. cxxxvi.
+
+[141] Catharine Sedley, the mistress of James II, is described by
+Macaulay, _Hist of Eng._ ed. 1874, ii. 323.
+
+[142] Dr. A Carlyle (_Auto._ p. 114) tells how in 1745 he found
+'Professor Maclaurin busy on the walls on the south side of Edinburgh,
+endeavoring to make them more defensible [against the Pretender]. He had
+even erected some small cannon.' See _ante_, iii, 15, for a ridiculous
+story told of him by Goldsmith.
+
+[143]
+
+      'Crudelis ubique
+Luctus, ubique pavor, et plurima
+  mortis imago:'
+    'grim grief on every side,
+And fear on every side there is,
+  and many-faced is death.'
+
+Morris, Virgil _Aeneids_, ii. 368.
+
+[144] Mr. Maclaurin's epitaph, as engraved on a marble tomb-stone, in the
+Grey-Friars church-yard, Edinburgh:--
+
+     Infra situs est
+     COLIN MACLAURIN,
+     Mathes. olim in Acad. Edin. Prof.
+     Electus ipso Newtono suadente.
+     H.L.P.F.
+     Non ut nomini paterno consulat,
+     Nam tali auxilio nil eget;
+     Sed ut in hoc infelici campo,
+     Ubi luctus regnant et pavor,
+     Mortalibus prorsus non absit solatium;
+     Hujus enim scripta evolve,
+     Mentemque tantarum rerum capacem
+     Corpori caduco superstitem crede.
+
+BOSWELL.
+
+[145] See _ante_, i. 437, and _post_, p. 72.
+
+[146]
+
+     'What is't to us, if taxes rise or fall,
+      Thanks to our fortune we pay none at all.
+
+      No statesman e'er will  find it worth his pains
+      To tax our labours and excise our brains.
+      Burthens like these vile earthly buildings bear,
+      No tribute's laid on _Castles_ in the _Air_'
+
+Churchill's _Poems, Night,_ ed. 1766, i. 89.
+
+[147] Pitt, in 1784, laid a tax of ten shillings a year on every horse
+'kept for the saddle, or to be put in carriages used solely for
+pleasure.'_Parl. Hist._ xxiv. 1028.
+
+[148] In 1763 he published the following description of himself in his
+_Correspondence with Erskine_, ed. 1879, p.36. 'The author of the _Ode
+to Tragedy_ is a most excellent man; he is of an ancient family in the
+west of Scotland, upon which he values himself not a little. At his
+nativity there appeared omens of his future greatness. His parts are
+bright; and his education has been good. He has travelled in
+post-chaises miles without number. He is fond of seeing much of the
+world. He eats of every good dish, especially apple-pie. He drinks old
+hock. He has a very fine temper. He is somewhat of an humorist, and a
+little tinctured with pride. He has a good manly countenance, and he
+owns himself to be amorous. He has infinite vivacity, yet is observed at
+times to have a melancholy cast. He is rather fat than lean, rather
+short than tall, rather young than old.' He is oddly enough described in
+Arighi's _Histoire de Pascal Paoli_, i. 231, 'En traversant la
+Mediterranee sur de freles navires pour venir s'asseoir au foyer de la
+nationalite Corse, des hommes _graves_ tels que Boswel et Volney
+obeissaient sans doute a un sentiment bien plus eleve qu'au besoin
+vulgaire d'une puerile curiosite'
+
+[149] See _ante_, i. 400.
+
+[150] For _respectable_, see _ante_, iii. 241, note 2.
+
+[151] Boswell, in the last of his _Hypochondriacks_, says:--'I perceive
+that my essays are not so lively as I expected they would be, but they
+are more learned. And I beg I may not be charged with excessive
+arrogance when I venture to say that they contain a considerable portion
+of original thinking.'_London Mag_. 1783, p. 124.
+
+[152] Burns, in _The Author's Earnest Cry and Prayer_, says:--
+
+     'But could I like Montgomeries fight,
+      Or gab like Boswell.'
+
+Boswell and Burns were born within a few miles of each other, Boswell
+being the elder by eighteen years.
+
+[153]
+     'For pointed satire I would Buckhurst choose,
+      The best good man, with the worst-natured muse.'
+
+Rochester's _Imitations of Horace, Sat_. i. 10.
+
+[154] Johnson's _Works_, ix. i. See _ante_, ii. 278, where he wrote to
+Boswell:--'I have endeavoured to do you some justice in the first
+paragraph [of the _Journey_].' The day before he started for Scotland he
+wrote to Dr. Taylor:--'Mr. Boswell, an active lively fellow, is to
+conduct me round the country.' _Notes and Queries_, 6th S. v. 422. 'His
+inquisitiveness,' he said, 'is seconded by great activity.' _Works_, ix.
+8. On Oct. 7 he wrote from Skye:--'Boswell will praise my resolution and
+perseverance; and I shall in return celebrate his good humour and
+perpetual cheerfulness.... It is very convenient to travel with him, for
+there is no house where he is not received with kindness and respect.'
+_Piozzi Letters_, i. 198. He told Mrs. Knowles that 'Boswell was the
+best travelling companion in the world.' _Ante_, iii. 294. Mr. Croker
+says (_Croker's Boswell_, p. 280):--'I asked Lord Stowell in what
+estimation he found Boswell amongst his countrymen. "Generally liked as
+a good-natured jolly fellow," replied his lordship. "But was he
+respected?" "Well, I think he had about the proportion of respect that
+you might guess would be shown to a jolly fellow." His lordship thought
+there was more regard than respect.' _Hebrides,_ p. 40.
+
+[155] See _ante_, ii. 103, 411.
+
+[156] There were two quarto volumes of this Diary; perhaps one of them
+Johnson took with him. Boswell had 'accidently seen them and had read a
+great deal in them,' as he owned to Johnson (_ante_, under Dec. 9,
+1784), and moreover had, it should seem, copied from them (_ante_, i.
+251). The 'few fragments' he had received from Francis Barber
+(_ante_, i. 27).
+
+[157] In the original 'how much we lost _at separation_' Johnson's
+_Works_, ix. I. Mr. William Nairne was afterwards a Judge of the Court
+of Sessions by the title of Lord Dunsinnan. Sir Walter Scott wrote of
+him:--'He was a man of scrupulous integrity. When sheriff depute of
+Perthshire, he found upon reflection, that he had decided a poor man's
+case erroneously; and as the only remedy, supplied the litigant
+privately with money to carry the suit to the supreme court, where his
+judgment was reversed.' Croker's _Boswell_, p. 280.
+
+[158]
+
+     'Non illic urbes, non tu mirabere silvas:
+      Una est injusti caerula forma maris.
+
+_Ovid. Amor._ L. II. El. xi.
+
+     Nor groves nor towns the ruthless ocean shows;
+     Unvaried still its azure surface flows.
+
+BOSWELL.
+
+[159] See _ante_. ii. 229.
+
+[160] My friend, General Campbell, Governour of Madras, tells me, that
+they made _speldings_ in the East-Indies, particularly at Bombay, where
+they call them _Bambaloes_. BOSWELL. Johnson had told Boswell that he
+was 'the most _unscottified_ of his countrymen.'_Ante_, ii. 242.
+
+[161] 'A small island, which neither of my companions had ever visited,
+though, lying within their view, it had all their lives solicited their
+notice.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 1.
+
+[162] 'The remains of the fort have been removed to assist in
+constructing a very useful lighthouse upon the island. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[163]
+
+     'Unhappy queen!
+      Unwilling I forsook your friendly state.'
+
+Dryden. [_Aeneid_, vi. 460.] BOSWELL.
+
+[164] Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. p. 331) says of his journey to London in
+1758:--'It is to be noted that we could get no four-wheeled chaise
+till we came to Durham, those conveyances being then only in their
+infancy. Turnpike roads were only in their commencement in the north.'
+'It affords a southern stranger,' wrote Johnson (_Works_ ix. 2), 'a new
+kind of pleasure to travel so commodiously without the interruption of
+toll-gates.'
+
+[165] See _ante_, iii. 265, for Lord Shelburne's statement on this
+subject.
+
+[166] See _ante_, ii. 339, and iii. 205, note 4.
+
+[167] See _ante_, iii. 46.
+
+[168] The passage quoted by Dr. Johnson is in the _Character of the
+Assembly-man_; Butler's _Remains_, p. 232, edit. 1754:--'He preaches,
+indeed, both in season and out of season; for he rails at Popery, when
+the land is almost lost in Presbytery; and would cry Fire! Fire! in
+Noah's flood.'
+
+There is reason to believe that this piece was not written by Butler,
+but by Sir John Birkenhead; for Wood, in his _Athenae Oxonienses_, vol.
+ii. p. 640, enumerates it among that gentleman's works, and gives the
+following account of it:
+
+_'The Assembly-man_ (or the character of an assembly-man) written 1647,
+_Lond._ 1662-3, in three sheets in qu. The copy of it was taken from the
+author by those who said they could not rob, because all was theirs; so
+excised what they liked not; and so mangled and reformed it, that it was
+no character of an Assembly, but of themselves. At length, after it had
+slept several years, the author published it to avoid false copies. It
+is also reprinted in a book entit. _Wit and Loyalty revived_, in a
+collection of some smart satyrs in verse and prose on the late times.
+_Lond._ 1682, qu. said to be written by Abr. Cowley, Sir John
+Birkenhead, and Hudibras, alias Sam. Butler.'--For this information I am
+indebted to Mr. Reed, of Staple Inn. BOSWELL. This tract is in the
+_Harleian Misc_., ed. 1810, vi. 57. Mr. Reed's quotation differs
+somewhat from it.
+
+[169] 'When a Scotchman was talking against Warburton, Johnson said he
+had more literature than had been imported from Scotland since the days
+of Buchanan. Upon the other's mentioning other eminent writers of the
+Scotch; "These will not do," said Johnson, "Let us have some more of
+your northern lights; these are mere farthing candles."' Johnson's
+_Works_ (1787), xi. 208. Dr. T. Campbell records (_Diary_, p. 61) that
+at the dinner at Mr. Dilly's, described _ante_, ii. 338, 'Dr. Johnson
+compared England and Scotland to two lions, the one saturated with his
+belly full, and the other prowling for prey. He defied any one to
+produce a classical book written in Scotland since Buchanan. Robertson,
+he said, used pretty words, but he liked Hume better; and neither of
+them would he allow to be more to Clarendon than a rat to a cat. "A
+Scotch surgeon may have more learning than an English one, and all
+Scotland could not muster learning enough for Lowth's _Prelections_."'
+See _ante_, ii. 363, and March 30, 1783.
+
+[170] The poem is entitled _Gualterus Danistonus ad Amicos_. It
+begins:--
+
+     'Dum studeo fungi fallentis munere vitae'
+
+Which Prior imitates:--
+
+     'Studious the busy moments to deceive.'
+
+Sir Walter Scott thought that the poem praised by Johnson was 'more
+likely the fine epitaph on John, Viscount of Dundee, translated by
+Dryden, and beginning _Ultime Scotoruml_' Archibald Pitcairne, M.D., was
+born in 1652, and died in 1713.
+
+[171] My Journal, from this day inclusive, was read by Dr. Johnson.
+BOSWELL. It was read by Johnson up to the second paragraph of Oct. 26.
+Boswell, it should seem, once at least shewed Johnson a part of the
+Journal from which he formed his _Life_. See _ante_, iii. 260, where he
+says:--'It delighted him on a review to find that his conversation
+teemed with point and imagery.'
+
+[172] See _ante_, ii. 20, note 4.
+
+[173] Goldsmith, in his _Present State of Polite Learning_, published in
+1759, says, (ch. x):--'When the great Somers was at the helm, patronage
+was fashionable among our nobility ... Since the days of a certain prime
+minister of inglorious memory [Sir Robert Walpole] the learned have been
+kept pretty much at a distance. ... The author, when unpatronised by the
+Great, has naturally recourse to the bookseller. There cannot be perhaps
+imagined a combination more prejudicial to taste than this. It is the
+interest of the one to allow as little for writing, and of the other to
+write as much as possible; accordingly tedious compilations and
+periodical magazines are the result of their joint endeavours.'
+
+[174] In the first number of _The Rambler_, Johnson shews how attractive
+to an author is the form of publication which he was himself then
+adopting:--'It heightens his alacrity to think in how many places he
+shall have what he is now writing read with ecstacies to-morrow.'
+
+[175] Yet he said 'the inhabitants of Lichfield were the most sober,
+decent people in England.' _Ante_, ii. 463.
+
+[176] At the beginning of the eighteenth century, says Goldsmith,
+'smoking in the rooms [at Bath] was permitted.' When Nash became King of
+Bath he put it down. Goldsmith's _Works_, ed. 1854, iv. 51. 'Johnson,'
+says Boswell (_ante_, i. 317), 'had a high opinion of the sedative
+influence of smoking.'
+
+[177] Dr. Johnson used to practise this himself very much. BOSWELL.
+
+[178] In _The Tatler_, for May 24, 1709, we are told that 'rural
+esquires wear shirts half a week, and are drunk twice a day.' In the
+year 1720, Fenton urged Gay 'to sell as much South Sea stock as would
+purchase a hundred a year for life, "which will make you sure of a clean
+shirt and a shoulder of mutton every day."' Johnson's _Works_, viii. 65.
+In _Tristram Shandy_, ii. ch. 4, published in 1759, we read:--'It was in
+this year [about 1700] that my uncle began to break in upon the daily
+regularity of a clean shirt.' In _the Spiritual Quixote_, published in
+1773 (i. 51), Tugwell says to his master:--'Your Worship belike has been
+used to shift you twice a week.' Mrs. Piozzi (_Journey_, i. 105, date of
+1789) says that she heard in Milan 'a travelled gentleman telling his
+auditors how all the men in London, _that were noble_, put on a clean
+shirt every day.' Johnson himself owned that he had 'no passion for
+clean linen.' _Ante_, i. 397.
+
+[179] Scott, in _Old Mortality_, ed. 1860, ix. 352, says:--'It was a
+universal custom in Scotland, that, when the family was at dinner, the
+outer-gate of the court-yard, if there was one, and if not, the door of
+the house itself, was always shut and locked.' In a note on this he
+says:--'The custom of keeping the door of a house or chateau locked
+during the time of dinner probably arose from the family being anciently
+assembled in the hall at that meal, and liable to surprise.'
+
+[180] Johnson, writing of 'the chapel of the alienated college,'
+says:--'I was always by some civil excuse hindered from entering it.'
+_Works_, ix. 4.
+
+[181] George Marline's _Reliquiae divi Andreae_ was published in 1797.
+
+[182] See _ante_, ii. 171, and iv. 75.
+
+[183] Mr. Chambers says that Knox was buried in a place which soon after
+became, and ever since has been, a high-way; namely, the old church-yard
+of St. Giles in Edinburgh. Croker's _Boswell_, p. 283.
+
+[184] In _The Rambler_, No. 82, Johnson makes a virtuoso write:--'I
+often lamented that I was not one of that happy generation who
+demolished the convents and monasteries, and broke windows by law.' He
+had in 1754 'viewed with indignation the ruins of the Abbeys of Oseney
+and Rewley near Oxford.' Ante, i. 273. Smollett, in _Humphry Clinker_
+(Letrer of Aug. 8), describes St. Andrews as 'the skeleton of a
+venerable city.'
+
+[185] 'Some talked of the right of society to the labour of individuals,
+and considered retirement as a desertion of duty. Others readily allowed
+that there was a time when the claims of the publick were satisfied, and
+when a man might properly sequester himself to review his life and
+purify his heart.' _Rasselas_, ch. 22.
+
+[186] See _ante_, ii. 423.
+
+[187] See _ante_, iv. 5, note 2, and v. 27.
+
+[188] 'He that lives well in the world is better than he that lives well
+in a monastery. But, perhaps, every one is not able to stem the
+temptations of publick life, and, if he cannot conquer, he may properly
+retreat.' _Rasselas_, ch. 47. See _ante_, ii. 435.
+
+[189] 'A youthful passion for abstracted devotion should not be
+encouraged.' _Ante_, ii. 10. The hermit in _Rasselas_ (ch. 21)
+says:--'The life of a solitary man will be certainly miserable, but not
+certainly devout.' In Johnson's _Works_ (1787), xi. 203, we read that
+'Johnson thought worse of the vices of retirement than of those of
+society.' Southey (_Life of Wesley_, i. 39) writes:--'Some time before
+John Wesley's return to the University, he had travelled many miles to
+see what is called "a serious man." This person said to him, "Sir, you
+wish to serve God and go to heaven. Remember, you cannot serve Him
+alone; you must therefore find companions or make them; the Bible knows
+nothing of solitary religion." Wesley never forgot these words.'
+
+[190] [Erga neon, boulai de meson euchai de gerunton. _Hesiodi
+Fragmenta_, Lipsiae 1840, p. 371]
+
+     Let youth in deeds, in  counsel man engage;
+     Prayer is the proper duty of old age.
+
+BOSWELL.
+
+[191] One 'sorrowful scene' Johnson was perhaps too late in the year to
+see. Wesley, who visited St. Andrews on May 27, 1776, during the
+vacation, writes (_Journal_, iv. 75):--'What is left of St. Leonard's
+College is only a heap of ruins. Two colleges remain. One of them has a
+tolerable square; but all the windows are broke, like those of a
+brothel. We were informed the students do this before they leave
+the college.'
+
+[192] 'He was murdered by the ruffians of reformation, in the manner of
+which Knox has given what he himself calls a merry narrative.' Johnson's
+_Works_, ix. 3. In May 1546 the Cardinal had Wishart the Reformer
+killed, and at the end of the same month he got killed himself.
+
+[193] Johnson says (_Works_, ix. 5):--'The doctor, by whom it was
+shown, hoped to irritate or subdue my English vanity by telling me that
+we had no such repository of books in England.' He wrote to Mrs. Thrale
+(_Piozzi Letters_, i. 113):--'For luminousness and elegance it may vie
+at least with the new edifice at Streatham.' 'The new edifice' was, no
+doubt, the library of which he took the touching farewell. _Ante_,
+iv. 158.
+
+[194] 'Sorrow is properly that state of the mind in which our desires
+are fixed upon the past, without looking forward to the future, an
+incessant wish that something were otherwise than it has been, a
+tormenting and harassing want of some enjoyment or possession which we
+have lost, and which no endeavours can possibly regain.' _The Rambler_,
+No. 47. He wrote to Mrs. Thrale on the death of her son:--'Do not
+indulge your sorrow; try to drive it away by either pleasure or pain;
+for, opposed to what you are feeling, many pains will become pleasures.'
+_Piozzi Letters_, i. 310.
+
+[195] See ante, ii. 151.
+
+[196] The Pembroke College grace was written by Camden. It was as
+follows:--'Gratias tibi agimus, Deus misericors, pro acceptis a tua
+bonitate alimentis; enixe comprecantes ut serenissimum nostrum Regem
+Georgium, totam regiam familiam, populumque tuum universum tuta in pace
+semper custodies.'
+
+[197] Sharp was murdered on May 3, 1679, in a moor near St. Andrews.
+Burnet's _History of his Own time_, ed. 1818, ii. 82, and Scott's _Old
+Mortality_, ed, 1860, ix. 297, and x. 203.
+
+[198] 'One of its streets is now lost; and in those that remain there is
+the silence and solitude of inactive indigence and gloomy
+depopulation.... St. Andrews seems to be a place eminently adapted to
+study and education.... The students, however, are represented as, at
+this time, not exceeding a hundred. I saw no reason for imputing their
+paucity to the present professors.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 4. A student,
+he adds, of lower rank could get his board, lodging, and instruction for
+less than ten pounds for the seven months of residence. Stockdale says
+(_Memoirs_, i. 238) that 'in St. Andrews, in 1756, for a good bedroom,
+coals, and the attendance of a servant I paid one shilling a week.'
+
+[199] _The Compleat Fencing-Master_, by Sir William Hope. London, 1691.
+
+[200] 'In the whole time of our stay we were gratified by every mode of
+kindness, and entertained with all the elegance of lettered hospitality'
+Johnson's _Works_, ix. 3.
+
+[201] Dugald Stewart (_Life of Adam Smith_, p. 107) writes:--'Mr. Smith
+observed to me not long before his death, that after all his practice in
+writing he composed as slowly, and with as great difficulty as at first.
+He added at the same time that Mr. Hume had acquired so great a facility
+in this respect, that the last volumes of his _History_ were printed
+from his original copy, with a few marginal corrections.' See _ante_,
+iii. 437 and iv. 12.
+
+[202] Of these only twenty-five have been published: Johnson's _Works_,
+ix. 289-525. See _ante_, iii. 19, note 3, and 181. Johnson wrote on
+April 20, 1778:--'I have made sermons, perhaps as readily as formerly.'
+_Pr. and Med._ p. 170. 'I should think,' said Lord Eldon, 'that no
+clergyman ever wrote as many sermons as Lord Stowell. I advised him to
+burn all his manuscripts of that kind. It is not fair to the clergymen
+to have it known he wrote them.' Twiss's _Eldon_, iii. 286. Johnson, we
+may be sure, had no copy of any of his sermons. That none of them should
+be known but those he wrote for Taylor is strange.
+
+[203] He made the same statement on June 3, 1781 (_ante_, iv. 127),
+adding, 'I should be glad to see it [the translation] now.' This shows
+that he was not speaking of his translation of _Lobo_, as Mr. Croker
+maintains in a note on this passage. I believe he was speaking of his
+translation of Courayer's _Life of Paul Sarpi. Ante_, i. 135.
+
+[204] 'As far as I am acquainted with modern architecture, I am aware of
+no streets which, in simplicity and manliness of style, or general
+breadth and brightness of effect, equal those of the New Town of
+Edinburgh. But, etc.' Ruskin's _Lectures on Architecture and
+Painting_, p. 2.
+
+[205] Horace, _Odes_, ii. 14. 1.
+
+[206] John Abernethy, a Presbyterian divine. His works in 7 vols. 8vo.
+were published in 1740-51.
+
+[207] Leechman was principal of Glasgow University (_post_, Oct. 29). On
+his appointment to the Chair of Theology he had been prosecuted for
+heresy for having, in his _Sermon on Prayer_, omitted to state the
+obligation to pray in the name of Christ. Dr. A. Carlyle's _Auto_. p.
+69. One of his sermons was placed in Hume's hands, apparently that the
+author might have his suggestions in preparing a second edition. Hume
+says:--'First the addressing of our virtuous withes and desires to the
+Deity, since the address has no influence on him, is only a kind of
+rhetorical figure, in order to render these wishes more ardent and
+passionate. This is Mr. Leechman's doctrine. Now the use of any figure
+of speech can never be a duty. Secondly, this figure, like most figures
+of rhetoric, has an evident impropriety in it, for we can make use of no
+expression, or even thought, in prayers and entreaties, which does not
+imply that these prayers have an influence. Thirdly, this figure is very
+dangerous, and leads directly, and even unavoidably, to impiety and
+blasphemy,' etc. J.H. Burton's _Hume_, i. 161.
+
+[208] Nichols (_Lit. Anec._ ii. 555) records:--'During the whole of my
+intimacy with Dr. Johnson he rarely permitted me to depart without some
+sententious advice.... His words at parting were, "Take care of your
+eternal salvation. Remember to observe the Sabbath. Let it never be a
+day of business, nor wholly a day of dissipation." He concluded his
+solemn farewell with, "Let my words have their due weight. They are the
+words of a dying man." I never saw him more.'
+
+[209] See _ante_, ii. 72.
+
+[210] 'From the bank of the Tweed to St. Andrews I had never seen a
+single tree which I did not believe to have grown up far within the
+present century.... The variety of sun and shade is here utterly
+unknown.... A tree might be a show in Scotland as a horse in Venice.
+At St. Andrews Mr. Boswell found only one, and recommended it to my
+notice: I told him that it was rough and low, or looked as if I thought
+so. "This," said he, "is nothing to another a few miles off." I was still
+less delighted to hear that another tree was not to be seen nearer.
+"Nay," said a gentleman that stood by, "I know but of this and that tree
+in the county."' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 7 'In all this journey [so far
+as Slains Castle] I have not travelled an hundred yards between hedges,
+or seen five trees fit for the carpenter.' _Piozzi Letters_, i.120. See
+_ante_, ii. 301.
+
+[211] One of the Boswells of this branch was, in 1798, raised to the
+bench under the title of Lord Balmuto. It was his sister who was
+Boswell's step-mother. Rogers's _Boswelliana,_ pp. 4, 82.
+
+[212] 'The colony of Leuchars is a vain imagination concerning a certain
+fleet of Danes wrecked on Sheughy Dikes.' WALTER SCOTT. 'The fishing
+people on that coast have, however, all the appearance of being a
+different race from the inland population, and their dialect has many
+peculiarities.' LOCKHART. Croker's _Boswell_, p. 286.
+
+[213] 'I should scarcely have regretted my journey, had it afforded
+nothing more than the sight of Aberbrothick.' _Works_, ix. 9.
+
+[214] Johnson referred, I believe, to the last of Tillotson's _Sermons
+preached upon Several Occasions_, ed. 1673, p. 316, where the preacher
+says:--'Supposing the _Scripture_ to be a Divine Revelation, and that
+these words (_This is My Body_), if they be in Scripture, must
+necessarily be taken in the strict and literal sense, I ask now, What
+greater evidence any man has that these words (_This is My Body_) are in
+the Bible than every man has that the bread is not changed in the
+sacrament? Nay, no man has so much, for we have only the evidence of
+_one_ sense that these words are in the Bible, but that the bread is not
+changed we have the concurring testimony of _several_ of our senses.'
+
+[215] This also is Tillotson's argument. 'There is no more certain
+foundation for it [transubstantiation] in Scripture than for our
+Saviour's being substantially changed into all those things which are
+said of him, as that he is a _rock_, a _vine_, a _door_, and a hundred
+other things.' _Ib_. p. 313.
+
+[216] Then Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, except
+ye eat the flesh of the son of man, and drink his blood, ye have no life
+in you. See _St. John's Gospel_, chap. vi. 53, and following
+verses. BOSWELL.
+
+[217] See _ante_, p. 26.
+
+[218] See _ante_, i. 140, note 5, and v. 50.
+
+[219] Johnson, after saying that the inn was not so good as they
+expected, continues:--'But Mr. Boswell desired me to observe that the
+innkeeper was an Englishman, and I then defended him as well as I
+could.' _Works_, ix. 9.
+
+[220] Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale on July 29, 1775 (_Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 292):--' I hope I shall quickly come to Streatham...and catch a little
+gaiety among you.' On this Baretti noted in his copy:--'_That_ he never
+caught. He thought and mused at Streatham as he did habitually
+everywhere, and seldom or never minded what was doing about him.' On the
+margin of i. 315 Baretti has written:--'Johnson mused as much on the road
+to Paris as he did in his garret in London as much at a French opera as
+in his room at Streatham.'
+
+[221] _A Biographical Sketch of Dr. Samuel Johnson,_ by Thomas Tyers,
+Esq. See _ante_, iii. 308.
+
+[222] This description of Dr. Johnson appears to have been borrowed from
+Tom Jones, bk. xi. ch. ii. 'The other who, like a ghost, only wanted to
+be spoke to, readily answered, '&c. BOSWELL.
+
+[223] Perhaps he gave the 'shilling extraordinary' because he 'found a
+church,' as he says, 'clean to a degree unknown in any other part of
+Scotland.' _Works_, ix. 9.
+
+[224] See _ante,_ iii. 22.
+
+[225] See _ante,_ May 9, 1784. Yet Johnson says (_Works_, ix. 10):--'The
+magnetism of Lord Monboddo's conversation easily drew us out of
+our way.'
+
+[226] There were several points of similarity between them; learning,
+clearness of head, precision of speech, and a love of research on many
+subjects which people in general do not investigate. Foote paid Lord
+Monboddo the compliment of saying, that he was an Elzevir edition
+of Johnson.
+
+It has been shrewdly observed that Foote must have meant a diminutive,
+or _pocket_ edition. BOSWELL. The latter part of this note is not in the
+first edition.
+
+[227] Lord Elibank (_post_, Sept. 12) said that he would go five hundred
+miles to see Dr. Johnson; but Johnson never said more than he meant.
+
+[228] _Works_, ix. 10. Of the road to Montrose he remarks:--'When I had
+proceeded thus far I had opportunities of observing, what I had never
+heard, that there were many beggars in Scotland. In Edinburgh the the
+proportion is, I think, not less than in London, and in the smaller
+places it is far greater than in English towns of the same extent. It
+must, however, be allowed that they are not importunate, nor clamorous.
+They solicit silently, or very modestly.' _Ib._ p. 9. See _post_, p.
+116, note 2.
+
+[229] James Mill was born on April 6, 1773, at Northwater Bridge, parish
+of Logie Pert, Forfar. The bridge was 'on the great central line of
+communication from the north of Scotland. The hamlet is right and left
+of the high road.' Bain's _Life of James Mill_, p. 1. Boswell and
+Johnson, on their road to Laurence Kirk, must have passed close to the
+cottage in which he was lying, a baby not five months old.
+
+[230] See _ante_, i. 211.
+
+[231] There is some account of him in Chambers's _Traditions of
+Edinburgh_, ed. 1825, ii. 173, and in Dr. A. Carlyle's _Auto._ p. 136.
+
+[232] G. Chalmers (_Life of Ruddiman_, p. 270) says:--'In May, 1790, Lord
+Gardenston declared that he still intended to erect a proper monument in
+his village to the memory of the late learned and worthy Mr. Ruddiman.'
+In 1792 Gardenston, in his _Miscellanies_, p. 257, attacked Ruddiman.
+'It has of late become fashionable,' he wrote, 'to speak of Ruddiman in
+terms of the highest respect.' The monument was never raised.
+
+[233] _A Letter to the Inhabitants of Laurence Kirk_, by F. Garden.
+
+[234] 'Be not forgetful to entertain strangers: for thereby some have
+entertained angels unawares.' _Hebrews_ xiii, 2.
+
+[235] This, I find, is considered as obscure. I suppose Dr. Johnson
+meant, that I assiduously and earnestly recommended myself to some of
+the members, as in a canvass for an election into parliament. BOSWELL.
+See _ante_, ii, 235.
+
+[236] Goldsmith in _Retaliation_, a few months later, wrote of William
+Burke:--'Would you ask for his merits? alas! he had none; What was good
+was spontaneous, his faults were his own.' See _ante_, iii 362, note 2.
+
+[237] See _ante_, iii. 260, 390, 425.
+
+[238] Hannah More (_Memoirs_, i. 252) wrote of Monboddo in 1782:--'He is
+such an extravagant adorer of the ancients, that he scarcely allows the
+English language to be capable of any excellence, still less the French.
+He said we moderns are entirely degenerated. I asked in what? "In
+everything," was his answer. He loves slavery upon principle. I asked
+him how he could vindicate such an enormity. He owned it was because
+Plutarch justified it. He is so wedded to system that, as Lord
+Barrington said to me the other day, rather than sacrifice his favourite
+opinion that men were born with tails, he would be contented to wear
+one himself.'
+
+[239] Scott, in a note on _Guy Mannering_, ed. 1860, iv. 267, writes of
+Monboddo:--'The conversation of the excellent old man, his high,
+gentleman-like, chivalrous spirit, the learning and wit with which he
+defended his fanciful paradoxes, the kind and liberal spirit of his
+hospitality, must render these _noctes coenaeque_ dear to all who, like
+the author (though then young), had the honour of sitting at his board.'
+
+[240] Lord Cockburn, writing of the title that Jeffrey took when he was
+raised to the Bench in 1834, said:--'The Scotch Judges are styled
+_Lords_; a title to which long usage has associated feelings of
+reverence in the minds of the people, who could not now be soon made to
+respect or understand _Mr. Justice_. During its strongly feudalised
+condition, the landholders of Scotland, who were almost the sole judges,
+were really known only by the names of their estates. It was an insult,
+and in some parts of the country it is so still, to call a laird by his
+personal, instead of his territorial, title. But this assumption of two
+names, one official and one personal, and being addressed by the one and
+subscribing by the other, is wearing out, and will soon disappear
+entirely.' Cockburn's _Jeffrey_, i. 365. See _post_, p. 111, note 1.
+
+[241] _Georgics_, i. 1.
+
+[242] Walter Scott used to tell an instance of Lord Monboddo's
+agricultural enthusiasm, that returning home one night after an absence
+(I think) on circuit, he went out with a candle to look at a field of
+turnips, then a novelty in Scotland. CROKER.
+
+[243] Johnson says the same in his _Life of John Philips_, and adds:--
+'This I was told by Miller, the great gardener and botanist, whose
+experience was, that "there were many books written on the same subject
+in prose, which do not contain so much truth as that poem."' _Works_,
+vii. 234. Miller is mentioned in Walpole's _Letters_, ii. 352:--'There is
+extreme taste in the park [Hagley]: the seats are not the best, but
+there is not one absurdity. There is a ruined castle built by Miller,
+that would get him his freedom, even of Strawberry: it has the true rust
+of the Barons' Wars.'
+
+[244] See _ante_, p. 27.
+
+[245] My note of this is much too short. _Brevis esse laboro, obscurus
+fio_. ['I strive to be concise, I prove obscure.' FRANCIS. Horace, _Ars
+Poet_. l. 25.] Yet as I have resolved that _the very Journal which Dr.
+Johnson read_, shall be presented to the publick, I will not expand the
+text in any considerable degree, though I may occasionally supply a word
+to complete the sense, as I fill up the blanks of abbreviation, in the
+writing; neither of which can be said to change the genuine _Journal_.
+One of the best criticks of our age conjectures that the imperfect
+passage above was probably as follows: 'In his book we have an accurate
+display of a nation in war, and a nation in peace; the peasant is
+delineated as truly as the general; nay, even harvest-sport, and the
+modes of ancient theft are described.' BOSWELL. 'One of the best
+criticks is, I believe, Malone, who had 'perused the original
+manuscript.' See _ante_, p. 1; and _post_, Oct. 26, and under Nov. 11.
+
+[246] It was in the Parliament-house that 'the ordinary Lords of
+Session,' the Scotch Judges, that is to say, held their courts.
+_Ante_, p. 39.
+
+[247] Dr. Johnson modestly said, he had not read Homer so much as he
+wished he had done. But this conversation shews how well he was
+acquainted with the Maeonian bard; and he has shewn it still more in his
+criticism upon Pope's _Homer_, in his _Life_ of that Poet. My excellent
+friend, Mr. Langton, told me, he was once present at a dispute between
+Dr. Johnson and Mr. Burke, on the comparative merits of Homer and
+Virgil, which was carried on with extraordinary abilities on both sides.
+Dr. Johnson maintained the superiority of Homer. BOSWELL. Johnson told
+Windham that he had never read through the Odyssey in the original.
+Windham's _Diary_, p. 17. See _ante_, iii. 193, and May 1, 1783.
+
+[248] Johnson ten years earlier told Boswell that he loved most 'the
+biographical part of literature.' _Ante_, i. 425. Goldsmith said of
+biography:--'It furnishes us with an opportunity of giving advice freely
+and without offence.... Counsels as well as compliments are best
+conveyed in an indirect and oblique manner, and this renders biography
+as well as fable a most convenient vehicle for instruction. An ingenious
+gentleman was asked what was the best lesson for youth; he answered,
+"The life of a good man." Being again asked what was the next best, he
+replied, "The life of a bad one."' Prior's _Goldsmith_, i. 395.
+
+[249] See _ante_, p. 57.
+
+[250] Ten years later he said:--'There is now a great deal more
+learning in the world than there was formerly; for it is universally
+diffused.' _Ante_, April 29,1783. Windham (_Diary_, p. 17) records
+'Johnson's opinion that I could not name above five of my college
+acquaintances who read Latin with sufficient ease to make it
+pleasurable.'
+
+[251] See _ante_, ii. 352.
+
+[252] 'Warburton, whatever was his motive, undertook without
+solicitation to rescue Pope from the talons of Crousaz, by freeing him
+from the imputation of favouring fatality, or rejecting revelation; and
+from month to month continued a vindication of the _Essay on Man_ in the
+literary journal of that time, called the _Republick of Letters'_
+Johnson's _Works_, viii. 289. Pope wrote to Warburton of the _Essay on
+Man_:--'You understand my work better than I do myself.' Pope's _Works_,
+ed. 1886, ix. 211.
+
+[253] See _ante_, ii. 37, note I, and Pope's _Works_, ed. 1886, ix. 220.
+Allen was Ralph Allen of Prior Park near Bath, to whom Fielding
+dedicated _Amelia_, and who is said to have been the original of
+Allworthy in _Tom Jones_. It was he of whom Pope wrote:--
+
+     'Let low-born Allen, with an awkward shame,
+      Do good by stealth and blush to find it fame.'
+
+_Epilogue to the Satires_, i. 135.
+
+_Low-born_ in later editions was changed to _humble_. Warburton not only
+married his niece, but, on his death, became in her right owner of
+Prior Park.
+
+[254] Mr. Mark Pattison (_Satires of Pope_, p. 158) points out
+Warburton's 'want of penetration in that subject [metaphysics] which he
+considered more peculiarly his own.' He said of 'the late Mr. Baxter'
+(Andrew Baxter, not Richard Baxter), that 'a few pages of his reasoning
+have not only more sense and substance than all the elegant discourses
+of Dr. Berkeley, but infinitely better entitle him to the character of a
+great genius.'
+
+[255] It is of Warburton that Churchill wrote in _The Duellist (Poems,_
+ed. 1766, ii. 82):--
+
+     'To prove his faith which all admit
+      Is at least equal to his wit,
+      And make himself a man of note,
+      He in defence of Scripture wrote;
+      So long he wrote, and long about it,
+      That e'en believers 'gan to doubt it.'
+
+
+[256] I find some doubt has been entertained concerning Dr. Johnson's
+meaning here. It is to be supposed that he meant, 'when a king shall
+again be entertained in Scotland.' BOSWELL.
+
+[257] Perhaps among these ladies was the Miss Burnet of Monboddo, on
+whom Burns wrote an elegy.
+
+[258] In the _Rambler_, No. 98, entitled _The Necessity of Cultivating
+Politeness_, Johnson says:--'The universal axiom in which all
+complaisance is included, and from which flow all the formalities which
+custom has established in civilized nations, is, _That no man shall give
+any preference to himself.'_ In the same paper, he says that
+'unnecessarily to obtrude unpleasing ideas is a species of oppression.'
+
+[259] Act ii. sc. 5.
+
+[260] Perhaps he was referring to Polyphemus's club, which was
+
+     'Of height and bulk so vast
+      The largest ship might claim it for a mast.'
+
+Pope's _Odyssey_, ix. 382.
+
+Or to Agamemnon's sceptre:--
+
+     'Which never more shall leaves or blossoms bear.'
+
+_Iliad_, i. 310.
+
+[261] 'We agreed pretty well, only we disputed in adjusting the claims
+of merit between a shopkeeper of London and a savage of the American
+wildernesses. Our opinions were, I think, maintained on both sides
+without full conviction; Monboddo declared boldly for the savage, and I,
+perhaps for that reason, sided with the citizen.' _Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 115.
+
+[262]
+
+     'Heroes are much the same, the point's agreed,
+      From Macedonia's madman to the Swede;
+      The whole strange purpose of their lives to find,
+      Or make, an enemy of all mankind!
+      Not one looks backward, onward still he goes,
+      Yet ne'er looks forward further than his nose.'
+
+_Essay on Man,_ iv. 219.
+
+[263] _Maccaroni_ is not in Johnson's _Dictionary_. Horace Walpole
+(_Letters_, iv. 178) on Feb. 6, 1764, mentions 'the Maccaroni Club,
+which is composed of all the travelled young men who wear long curls and
+spying-glasses.' On the following Dec. 16 he says:--'The Maccaroni Club
+has quite absorbed Arthur's; for, you know, old fools will hobble after
+young ones.' _Ib._ p. 302. See _post_, Sept. 12, for _buck_.
+
+[264] 'We came late to Aberdeen, where I found my dear mistress's
+letter, and learned that all our little people were happily recovered of
+the measles. Every part of your letter was pleasing.' _Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 115. For Johnson's use of the word _mistress_ in speaking of Mrs.
+Thrale see _ante_, i. 494.
+
+[265] See _ante_, ii. 455. 'They taught us,' said one of the Professors,
+'to raise cabbage and make shoes, How they lived without shoes may yet
+be seen; but in the passage through villages it seems to him that
+surveys their gardens, that when they had not cabbage they had nothing.'
+_Piozzi Letters_, i. 116. Johnson in the same letter says that 'New
+Aberdeen is built of that granite which is used for the _new_ pavement
+in London.'
+
+[266] 'In Aberdeen I first saw the women in plaids.' _Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 116.
+
+[267] Seven years later Mackintosh, on entering King's College, found
+there the son of Johnson's old friend, 'the learned Dr. Charles Burney,
+finishing his term at Aberdeen.' Among his fellow-students were also
+some English Dissenters, among them Robert Hall. Mackintosh's _Life,_ i.
+10, 13. In Forbes's _Life of Beattie_ (ed. 1824, p. 169) is a letter by
+Beattie, dated Oct. 15, 1773, in which the English and Scotch
+Universities are compared. Colman, in his _Random Records,_ ii. 85,
+gives an account of his life at Aberdeen as a student.
+
+[268] Lord Bolingbroke (Works, iii. 347) in 1735 speaks of 'the little
+care that is taken in the training up our youth,' and adds, 'surely it
+is impossible to take less.' See _ante_, ii. 407, and iii. 12.
+
+[269] _London, 2d May_, 1778. Dr. Johnson acknowledged that he was
+himself the authour of the translation above alluded to, and dictated it
+to me as follows:--
+
+     Quos laudet vates Graius Romanus et Anglus
+     Tres tria temporibus secla dedere suis.
+     Sublime ingenium Graius; Romanus habebat
+     Carmen grande sonans; Anglus utrumque tulit.
+     Nil majus Natura capit: clarare priores
+     Quae potuere duos tertius unus habet.    BOSWELL.
+
+It was on May 2, 1778, that Johnson attacked Boswell with such rudeness
+that he kept away from him for a week. _Ante_, iii. 337.
+
+[270] 'We were on both sides glad of the interview, having not seen nor
+perhaps thought on one another for many years; but we had no emulation,
+nor had either of us risen to the other's envy, and our old kindness was
+easily renewed.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 117.
+
+[271] Johnson wrote on Sept. 30:--'Barley-broth is a constant dish, and
+is made well in every house. A stranger, if he is prudent, will secure
+his share, for it is not certain that he will be able to eat anything
+else.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. p. 160.
+
+[272] See _ante_. p. 24.
+
+[273] _Genesis_, ix. 6.
+
+[274] My worthy, intelligent, and candid friend, Dr. Kippis, informs me,
+that several divines have thus explained the mediation of our Saviour.
+What Dr. Johnson now delivered, was but a temporary opinion; for he
+afterwards was fully convinced of the _propitiatory sacrifice_, as I
+shall shew at large in my future work, _The Life of Samuel Johnson,
+LL.D._ BOSWELL. For Dr. Kippis see _ante_, iii. 174, and for Johnson on
+the propitiatory sacrifice, iv. 124.
+
+[275] _Malachi_, iv. 2.
+
+[276] _St. Luke_, ii 32.
+
+[277] 'Healing _in_ his wings,'_Malachi_, iv. 2.
+
+[278] 'He that believeth and is baptised shall be saved; but he that
+believeth not shall be damned.' _St. Mark_, xvi. 16.
+
+[279] Mr. Langton. See _ante_, ii. 254, 265.
+
+[280] Spedding's _Bacon_, vii. 271. The poem is also given in _The
+Golden Treasury_, p. 37; where, however, 'limns _the_ water' is changed
+into 'limns _on_ water.'
+
+[281] 'Addison now returned to his vocation, and began to plan literary
+occupations for his future life. He purposed a tragedy on the death of
+Socrates... He engaged in a nobler work, a defence of the Christian
+religion, of which part was published after his death.' Johnson's
+_Works_, vii. 441, and Addison's _Works_, ed. 1856, v. 103.
+
+[282] Dr. Beattie was so kindly entertained in England, that he had not
+yet returned home. BOSWELL. Beattie was staying in London till his
+pension got settled. Early in July he had been told that he was to have
+a pension of L200 a year (_ante_, ii. 264, note 2). It was not till Aug.
+20 that it was conferred. On July 9, he, in company with Sir Joshua
+Reynolds, received the degree of D.C.L. at Oxford. On Aug. 24, he had a
+long interview with the King; 'who asked,' Beattie records, 'whether we
+had any good preachers at Aberdeen. I said "Yes," and named Campbell and
+Gerard, with whose names, however, I did not find that he was
+acquainted.' It was this same summer that Reynolds painted him in 'the
+allegorical picture representing the triumph of truth over scepticism
+and infidelity' (_post_, Oct. 1, note). Forbes's _Beattie_, ed. 1824,
+pp. 151-6, 167.
+
+[283] Dr. Johnson's burgess-ticket was in these words:--'Aberdoniae,
+vigesimo tertio die mensis Augusti, anno Domini millesimo
+septingentesimo septuagesimo tertio, in presentia honorabilium virorum,
+Jacobi Jopp, armigeri, praepositi, Adami Duff, Gulielmi Young, Georgii
+Marr, et Gulielmi Forbes, Balivorum, Gulielmi Rainie Decani guildae, et
+Joannis Nicoll Thesaurarii dicti burgi. 'Quo die vir generosus et
+doctrina clarus, Samuel Johnson, LL.D. receptus et admissus fuit in
+municipes et fratres guildae: praefati burgi de Aberdeen. In deditissimi
+amoris et affectus ac eximiae observantiae tesseram, quibus dicti
+Magistratus eum amplectuntur. Extractum per me, ALEX. CARNEGIE.'
+BOSWELL. 'I was presented with the freedom of the city, not in a gold
+box, but in good Latin. Let me pay Scotland one just praise; there was
+no officer gaping for a fee; this could have been said of no city on the
+English side of the Tweed.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 117. Baretti, in a MS.
+note on this passage, says:--'Throughout England nothing is done for
+nothing. Stop a moment to look at the rusticks mowing a field, and they
+will presently quit their work to come to you, and ask something to
+drink.' Aberdeen conferred its freedom so liberally about this time that
+it is surprising that Boswell was passed over. George Colman the
+younger, when a youth of eighteen, was sent to King's College. He says
+in his worthless _Random Records_, ii. 99:--'I had scarcely been a week
+in Old Aberdeen, when the Lord Provost of the New Town invited me to
+drink wine with him one evening in the Town Hall; there I found a
+numerous company assembled. The object of this meeting was soon declared
+to me by the Lord Provost, who drank my health, and presented me with
+the freedom of the City.' Two of his English fellow-students, of a
+little older standing, had, he said, received the same honour. His
+statement seemed to me incredible; but by the politeness of the
+Town-clerk, W. Gordon, Esq., I have found out that in the main it is
+correct. Colman, with one of the two, was admitted as an Honorary
+Burgess on Oct. 8, 1781, being described as _vir generosus_; the other
+had been admitted earlier. The population of Aberdeen and its suburbs in
+1769 was, according to Pennant, 16,000. Pennant's _Tour_, p. 117.
+
+[284] 'King's College in Aberdeen was an exact model of the University
+of Paris. Its founder, Bishop [not Archbishop] Elphinstone, had been a
+Professor at Paris and at Orleans.' Burton's _Scotland_, ed. 1873, iii.
+404. On p. 20, Dr. Burton describes him as 'the rich accomplished
+scholar and French courtier Elphinstone, munificently endowing a
+University after the model of the University of Paris.'
+
+[285] Boswell projected the following works:--1. An edition of
+_Johnson's Poems. Ante_, i. 16. 2. A work in which the merit of
+Addison's poetry shall be maintained, _ib_. p. 225. 3. A _History of
+Sweden_, ii. 156. 4. A_ Life of Thomas Ruddiman, ib._ p. 216. 5. An
+edition of Walton's_ Lives_ iii. 107. 6. A _History of the Civil War in_
+_Great Britain in_ 1745 and 1746, _ib._, p. 162.
+
+7. A _Life of Sir Robert Sibbald, ib._ p. 227. 8 An account of his own
+Travels, _ib_. p. 300. 9. A Collection, with notes, of old tenures and
+charters of Scotland, _ib_. p. 414, note 3. 10. A _History of James IV._
+11. 'A quarto volume to be embellished with fine plates, on the subject
+of the controversy (_ante_, ii. 367) occasioned by the _Beggar's
+Opera._' Murray's _Johnsoniana_, ed. 1836, p. 502.
+
+Thomas Boswell received from James IV. the estate of Auchinleck. _Ante_,
+ii. 413. See _post_, Nov. 4.
+
+[286] Mackintosh says, in his _Life_, i. 9:--'In October, 1780, I was
+admitted into the Greek class, then taught by Mr. Leslie, who did not
+aspire beyond teaching us the first rudiments of the language; more
+would, I believe, have been useless to his scholars.'
+
+[287] 'Boswell was very angry that the Aberdeen professors would not
+talk.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 118. Dr. Robertson and Dr. Blair, whom
+Boswell, five years earlier, invited to meet Johnson at supper, 'with an
+excess of prudence hardly opened their lips' (_ante_, ii. 63). At
+Glasgow the professors did not dare to talk much (_post_, Oct. 29). On
+another occasion when Johnson came in, the company 'were all as quiet as
+a school upon the entrance of the headmaster.' _Ante_, iii. 332.
+
+[288] Dr. Beattie says that this printer was Strahan. He had seen the
+letter mentioned by Gerard, and many other letters too from the Bishop
+to Strahan. 'They were,' he continues, 'very particularly acquainted.'
+He adds that 'Strahan was eminently skilled in composition, and had
+corrected (as he told me himself) the phraseology of both Mr. Hume and
+Dr. Robertson.' Forbes's _Beattie_, ed. 1824, p. 341.
+
+[289] An instance of this is given in Johnson's _Works_, viii.
+288:--'Warburton had in the early part of his life pleased himself with
+the notice of inferior wits, and corresponded with the enemies of Pope.
+A letter was produced, when he had perhaps himself forgotten it, in
+which he tells Concanen, "Dryden, I observe, borrows for want of
+leisure, and Pope for want of genius; Milton out of pride, and Addison
+out of modesty."'
+
+[290] 'Goldsmith asserted that Warburton was a weak writer. "Warburton,"
+said Johnson, "may be absurd, but he will never be weak; he flounders
+well."' Stockdale's _Memoirs_, ii. 64. See Appendix A.
+
+[291] _The Doctrine of Grace; or the Office and Operations of the Holy
+Spirit vindicated from the Insults of Infidelity and the Abuses of
+Fanaticism_, 1762.
+
+[292] _A Letter to the Bishop of Gloucester, occasioned by his Tract on
+the Office and Operations of the Holy Spirit_, by John Wesley, 1762.
+
+[293] Malone records:--'I could not find from Mr. Walpole that his
+father [Sir Robert] read any other book but Sydenham in his retirement.'
+To his admiration of Sydenham his death was attributed; for it led him
+to treat himself wrongly when he was suffering from the stone. Prior's
+_Malone_, p. 387. Johnson wrote a _Life of Sydenham_. In it he ridicules
+the notion that 'a man eminent for integrity _practised Medicine by
+chance, and grew wise only by murder_.' _Works_, vi. 409.
+
+[294] All this, as Dr. Johnson suspected at the time, was the immediate
+invention of his own lively imagination; for there is not one word of it
+in Mr. Locke's complimentary performance. My readers will, I have no
+doubt, like to be satisfied, by comparing them; and, at any rate, it may
+entertain them to read verses composed by our great metaphysician, when
+a Bachelor in Physick.
+
+AUCTORI, IN TRACTATUM EJUS DE FEBRIBUS.
+
+     Febriles aestus, victumque ardoribus orbem
+       Flevit, non tantis par Medicina malis.
+     Nam post mille artes, medicae tentamina curae,
+       Ardet adhuc Febris; nec velit arte regi.
+     Praeda sumus flammis; solum hoc speramus ab igne,
+       Ut restet paucus, quem capit urna, cinis.
+     Dum quaerit medicus febris caussamque, modumque,
+       Flammarum & tenebras, & sine luce faces;
+     Quas tractat patitur flammas, & febre calescens,
+       Corruit ipse suis victima rapta focis.
+     Qui tardos potuit morbos, artusque trementes,
+       Sistere, febrili se videt igne rapi.
+     Sic faber exesos fulsit tibicine muros;
+       Dum trahit antiquas lenta ruina domos.
+     Sed si flamma vorax miseras incenderit aedes,
+       Unica flagrantes tunc sepelire salus.
+     Fit fuga, tectonicas nemo tunc invocat artes;
+       Cum perit artificis non minus usta domus.
+     Se tandem _Sydenham_ febrisque Scholaeque furori
+       Opponens, morbi quaerit, & artis opem.
+     Non temere incusat tectae putedinis [putredinis] ignes;
+       Nec fictus, febres qui fovet, humor erit.
+     Non bilem ille movet, nulla hic pituita; Salutis
+       Quae spes, si fallax ardeat intus aqua?
+     Nec doctas magno rixas ostentat hiatu,
+       Quis ipsis major febribus ardor inest.
+     Innocuas placide corpus jubet urere flammas,
+       Et justo rapidos temperat igne focos.
+     Quid febrim exstinguat, varius quid postulet usus,
+       Solari aegrotos, qua potes arte, docet,
+     Hactenus ipsa suum timuit Natura calorem,
+       Dum saepe incerto, quo calet, igne perit:
+     Dum reparat tacitos male provida sanguinis ignes,
+       Praslusit busto, fit calor iste rogus.
+     Jam secura suas foveant praecordia flammas,
+       Quem Natura negat, dat Medicina modum.
+     Nec solum faciles compescit sanguinis aestus,
+       Dum dubia est inter spemque metumque salus;
+     Sed fatale malum domuit, quodque astra malignum
+       Credimus, iratam vel genuisse _Stygem_.
+     Extorsit _Lachesi_ cultros, Pestique venenum
+       Abstulit, & tantos non sinit esse metus.
+     Quis tandem arte nova domitam mitescere Pestem
+       Credat, & antiquas ponere posse minas?
+     Post tot mille neces, cumulataque funera busto,
+       Victa jacet parvo vulnere dira Lues.
+     Aetheriae quanquam spargunt contagia flammae,
+       Quicquid inest istis ignibus, ignis erit.
+     Delapsae coelo flammae licet acrius urant
+       Has gelida exstingui non nisi morte putas?
+     Tu meliora paras victrix Medicina; tuusque,
+       Pestis quae superat cuncta, triumphus eris [erit].
+     Vive liber, victis febrilibus ignibus; unus
+       Te simul & mundum qui manet, ignis erit.
+
+J. LOCK, A.M. Ex. Aede Christi, Oxon. BOSWELL.
+
+[295] See _ante_, ii. 126, 298.
+
+[296] 'One of its ornaments [i.e. of
+Marischal College] is the picture of
+Arthur Johnston, who was principal
+of the college, and who holds among
+the Latin Poets of Scotland the next
+place to the elegant Buchanan.'
+Johnson's _Works_, ix. 12. Pope
+attacking Benson, who endeavoured
+to raise himself to fame by erecting
+monuments to Milton, and printing
+editions of Johnson's version of
+the _Psalms_, introduces the Scotch
+Poet in the _Dunciad_:--
+On two unequal crutches propped
+he came,
+Milton's on this, on that one Johnston's
+name.'
+_Dunciad_, bk. iv. l. III.
+Johnson wrote to Boswell for a copy
+of Johnston's _Poems_ (_ante_, iii. 104)
+and for his likeness (_ante_, March 18,
+1784).
+
+[297] 'Education is here of the same price as at St. Andrews, only the
+session is but from the 1st of November to the 1st of April' [five
+months, instead of seven]. _Piozzi Letters_, i. 116. In his _Works_ (ix.
+14) Johnson by mistake gives eight months to the St. Andrews session. On
+p. 5 he gives it rightly as seven.
+
+[298] Beattie, as an Aberdeen professor, was grieved at this saying when
+he read the book. 'Why is it recorded?' he asked. 'For no reason that I
+can imagine, unless it be in order to return evil for good.' Forbes's
+_Beattie_, ed. 1824. p. 337.
+
+[299] See _ante_, ii. 336, and iii. 209.
+
+[300] See _ante_, iii. 65, and _post_, Nov. 2.
+
+[301] See _ante_, i. 411. Johnson, no doubt, was reminded of this story
+by his desire to get this book. Later on (_ante_, iii. 104) he asked
+Boswell 'to be vigilant and get him Graham's _Telemachus_.'
+
+[302] I am sure I have related this story exactly as Dr. Johnson told it
+to me; but a friend who has often heard him tell it, informs me that he
+usually introduced a circumstance which ought not to be omitted. 'At
+last, Sir, Graham, having now got to about the pitch of looking at one
+man, and talking to another, said _Doctor_, &c.' 'What effect (Dr.
+Johnson used to add) this had on Goldsmith, who was as irascible as a
+hornet, may be easily conceived.' BOSWELL.
+
+[303] Graham was of Eton College.
+
+[304] It was to Johnson that the invitation was due. 'What I was at the
+English Church at Aberdeen I happened to be espied by Lady Dr.
+Middleton, whom I had sometime seen in London; she told what she had
+seen to Mr. Boyd, Lord Errol's brother, who wrote us an invitation to
+Lord Errol's house.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 118. Boswell, perhaps, was not
+unwilling that the reader should think that it was to him that the
+compliment was paid.
+
+[305] 'In 1745 my friend, Tom Cumming the Quaker, said he would not
+fight, but he would drive an ammunition cart.' _Ante_, April 28, 1783.
+Smollett (_History of England_, iv. 293) describes how, in 1758, the
+conquest of Senegal was due to this 'sensible Quaker,' 'this honest
+Quaker,' as he calls him, who not only conceived the project, but 'was
+concerned as a principal director and promoter of the expedition. If it
+was the first military scheme of any Quaker, let it be remembered it was
+also the first successful expedition of this war, and one of the first
+that ever was carried on according to the pacifick system of the
+Quakers, without the loss of a drop of blood on either side.' If there
+was no bloodshed, it was by good luck, for 'a regular engagement was
+warmly maintained on both sides.' It was a Quaker, then, who led the van
+in the long line of conquests which have made Chatham's name so famous.
+Mrs. Piozzi (_Anec_. p. 185) says:--'Dr. Johnson told me that Cummyns
+(sic) the famous Quaker, whose friendship he valued very highly, fell a
+sacrifice to the insults of the newspapers; having declared to him on
+his death-bed, that the pain of an anonymous letter, written in some of
+the common prints of the day, fastened on his heart, and threw him into
+the slow fever of which he died.' Mr. Seward records (_Anec_. ii.
+395):--'Mr. Cummins, the celebrated American Quaker, said of Mr. Pitt
+(Lord Chatham):--"The first time I come to Mr. Pitt upon any business I
+find him extremely ignorant; the second time I come to him, I find him
+completely informed upon it."'
+
+[306] See _ante_, i. 232.
+
+[307] See _ante_, i. 46.
+
+[308] 'From the windows the eye wanders over the sea that separates
+Scotland from Norway, and when the winds beat with violence, must enjoy
+all the terrifick grandeur of the tempestuous ocean. I would not for any
+amusement wish for a storm; but as storms, whether wished or not, will
+sometimes happen, I may say, without violation of humanity, that I
+should willingly look out upon them from Slanes Castle.' Johnson's
+_Works_, ix. 15.
+
+[309] See _ante_, p. 68.
+
+[310] Horace. _Odes_, i. 2.
+
+[311] See _ante_, ii. 428.
+
+[312] Perhaps the poverty of their host led to this talk. Sir Walter
+Scott wrote in 1814:--'Imprudence, or ill-fortune as fatal as the sands
+of Belhelvie [shifting sands that had swallowed up a whole parish], has
+swallowed up the estate of Errol, excepting this dreary mansion-house
+and a farm or two adjoining.' Lockhart's _Scott_, ed. 1839, iv. 187.
+
+[313] See _ante_, ii. 421, note 1.
+
+[314] Since the accession of George I. only one parliament had had so
+few as five sessions, and it was dissolved before its time by his death.
+One had six sessions, six seven sessions, (including the one that was
+now sitting,) and one eight. There was therefore so little dread of a
+sudden dissolution that for five years of each parliament the members
+durst contradict the populace.
+
+[315] To Miss Burney Johnson once said:--'Sir Joshua Reynolds possesses
+the largest share of inoffensiveness of any man that I know.' _Memoirs
+of Dr. Burney_, i. 343. 'Once at Mr. Thrale's, when Reynolds left the
+room, Johnson observed:--"There goes a man not to be spoiled by
+prosperity."' Northcote's _Reynolds_, i. 82. Burke wrote of him:--'He
+had a strong turn for humour, and well saw the weak sides of things. He
+enjoyed every circumstance of his good fortune, and had no affectation
+on that subject. And I do not know a fault or weakness of his that he
+did not convert into something that bordered on a virtue, instead of
+pushing it to the confines of a vice.' Taylor's _Reynolds_, ii. 638.
+
+[316] He visited Devonshire in 1762. _Ante_, i. 377.
+
+[317] Horace Walpole, describing the coronation of George III, writes:--
+'One there was ... the noblest figure I ever saw, the high-constable of
+Scotland, Lord Errol; as one saw him in a space capable of containing
+him, one admired him. At the wedding, dressed in tissue, he looked like
+one of the Giants in Guildhall, new gilt. It added to the energy of his
+person, that one considered him acting so considerable a part in that
+very Hall, where so few years ago one saw his father, Lord Kilmarnock,
+condemned to the block.' _Letters_, iii. 438. Sir William Forbes
+says:--'He often put me in mind of an ancient Hero, and I remember Dr.
+Johnson was positive that he resembled Homer's character of Sarpedon.'
+_Life of Beattie_, ed. 1824, Appendix D. Mrs. Piozzi says:--'The Earl
+dressed in his robes at the coronation and Mrs. Siddons in the character
+of Murphy's Euphrasia were the noblest specimens of the human race I
+ever saw.' _Synonymy_, i.43. He sprang from a race of rebels. 'He united
+in his person,' says Forbes, 'the four earldoms of Errol, Kilmarnock,
+Linlithgow, and Callander.' The last two were attainted in 1715, and
+Kilmarnock in 1745. _Life of Beattie_, Appendix D.
+
+[318] Lord Chesterfield, in his letters to his son [iii. 130], complains
+of one who argued in an indiscriminate manner with men of all ranks,
+Probably the noble lord had felt with some uneasiness what it was to
+encounter stronger abilities than his own. If a peer will engage at
+foils with his inferior in station, he must expect that his inferior in
+station will avail himself of every advantage; otherwise it is not a
+fair trial of strength and skill. The same will hold in a contest of
+reason, or of wit.--A certain king entered the lists of genius with
+Voltaire. The consequence was, that, though the king had great and
+brilliant talents, Voltaire had such a superiority that his majesty
+could not bear it; and the poet was dismissed, or escaped, from that
+court.--In the reign of James I. of England, Crichton, Lord Sanquhar, a
+peer of Scotland, from a vain ambition to excel a fencing-master in his
+own art, played at rapier and dagger with him. The fencing-master, whose
+fame and bread were at stake, put out one of his lordship's eyes.
+Exasperated at this, Lord Sanquhar hired ruffians, and had the
+fencing-master assassinated; for which his lordship was capitally tried,
+condemned, and hanged. Not being a peer of England, he was tried by the
+name of Robert Crichton, Esq.; but he was admitted to be a baron of
+three hundred years' standing.--See the _State Trials_; and the _History
+of England_ by Hume, who applauds the impartial justice executed upon a
+man of high rank. BOSWELL. The 'stronger abilities' that Chesterfield
+encountered were Johnson's. Boswell thought wrongly that it was of
+Johnson that his Lordship complained in his letters to his son. _Ante_,
+i. 267, note 2. 'A certain King' was Frederick the Great. _Ante_, i.
+434. The fencing-master was murdered in his own house in London, five
+years after Sanquhar (or Sanquire) had lost his eye. Bacon, who was
+Solicitor-General, said:--'Certainly the circumstance of time is heavy
+unto you; it is now five years since this unfortunate man, Turner, be it
+upon accident or despight, gave the provocation which was the seed of
+your malice.' _State Trials_, ii. 743, and Hume's _History_, ed.
+1802, vi. 61.
+
+[319] _Hamlet_, act i. sc. 2.
+
+[320] Perhaps Lord Errol was the Scotch Lord mentioned _ante_, iii. 170,
+and the nobleman mentioned _ib_. p. 329.
+
+[321] 'Pitied by gentle minds Kilmarnock died.' _Ante_. i. 180.
+
+[322] Sir Walter Scott describes the talk that he had in 1814 near
+Slains Castle with an old fisherman. 'The old man says Slains is now
+inhabited by a Mr. Bowles, who comes so far from the southward that
+naebody kens whare he comes frae. "Was he frae the Indies?" "Na; he did
+not think he came that road. He was far frae the Southland. Naebody ever
+heard the name of the place; but he had brought more guid out o'
+Peterhead than a' the Lords he had seen in Slains, and he had seen
+three."' Lockhart's _Scott_, ed. 1839, iv. 188. The first of the three
+was Johnson's host.
+
+[323] See _ante_, ii. 153, and iii. 1, note 2.
+
+[324] Smollett, in _Humphry Clinker_ (Letter of Sept. 6), writing of the
+Highlanders and their chiefs, says:--'The original attachment is
+founded on something prior to the _feudal system_, about which the
+writers of this age have made such a pother, as if it was a new
+discovery, like the _Copernican system_ ... For my part I expect to see
+the use of trunk-hose and buttered ale ascribed to the influence of the
+_feudal system_.' See _ante_, ii. 177.
+
+[325] Mme. Riccoboni wrote to Garrick on May 3, 1769:--'Vous conviendrez
+que les nobles sont peu menages par vos auteurs; le sot, le fat, ou le
+malhonnete homme mele dans l'intrigue est presque toujours un lord.'
+_Garrick Corres_, ii. 561. Dr. Moore (_View of Society in France_, i.
+29) writing in 1779 says:--'I am convinced there is no country in Europe
+where royal favour, high birth, and the military profession could be
+allowed such privileges as they have in France, and where there would be
+so few instances of their producing rough and brutal behaviour to
+inferiors.' Mrs. Piozzi, writing in 1784, though she did not publish her
+book till 1789, said:--'The French are really a contented race of
+mortals;--precluded almost from possibility of adventure, the low
+Parisian leads gentle, humble life, nor envies that greatness he never
+can obtain.' _Journey through France_, i. 13.
+
+[326] He is the worthy son of a worthy father, the late Lord Strichen,
+one of our judges, to whose kind notice I was much obliged. Lord
+Strichen was a man not only honest, but highly generous; for after his
+succession to the family estate, he paid a large sum of debts contracted
+by his predecessor, which he was not under any obligation to pay. Let me
+here, for the credit of Ayrshire, my own county, record a noble instance
+of liberal honesty in William Hutchison, drover, in Lanehead, Kyle, who
+formerly obtained a full discharge from his creditors upon a composition
+of his debts; but upon being restored to good circumstances, invited his
+creditors last winter to a dinner, without telling the reason, and paid
+them their full sums, principal and interest. They presented him with a
+piece of plate, with an inscription to commemorate this extraordinary
+instance of true worth; which should make some people in Scotland blush,
+while, though mean themselves, they strut about under the protection of
+great alliance, conscious of the wretchedness of numbers who have lost
+by them, to whom they never think of making reparation, but indulge
+themselves and their families in most unsuitable expence. BOSWELL.
+
+[327] See _ante_, ii. 194; iii. 353; and iv. June 30, 1784.
+
+[328] Malone says that 'Lord Auchinleck told his son one day that it
+would cost him more trouble to hide his ignorance in the Scotch and
+English law than to show his knowledge. This Mr. Boswell owned he had
+found to be true.' _European Magazine_, 1798, p. 376.
+
+[329] See _ante_, iv. 8, note 3, and iv. 20.
+
+[330] Colman had translated _Terence. Ante_, iv. 18.
+
+[331] Dr. Nugent was Burke's father-in-law. _Ante_, i. 477.
+
+[332] Lord Charlemont left behind him a _History of Italian Poetry_.
+Hardy's _Charlemont_, i. 306, ii. 437.
+
+[333] See _ante_, i. 250, and ii. 378, note 1.
+
+[334] Since the first edition, it has been suggested by one of the club,
+who knew Mr. Vesey better than Dr. Johnson and I, that we did not assign
+him a proper place; for he was quite unskilled in Irish antiquities and
+Celtick learning, but might with propriety have been made professor of
+architecture, which he understood well, and has left a very good
+specimen of his knowledge and taste in that art, by an elegant house
+built on a plan of his own formation, at Lucan, a few miles from Dublin.
+BOSWELL. See _ante_, iv. 28.
+
+[335] Sir William Jones, who died at the age of forty-seven, had
+'studied eight languages critically, eight less perfectly, but all
+intelligible with a dictionary, and twelve least perfectly, but all
+attainable.' Teignmouth's _Life of Sir W. Jones_, ed. 1815, p. 465. See
+_ante_, iv. 69.
+
+[336] See _ante_, i. 478.
+
+[337] See _ante_, p. 16.
+
+[338] Mackintosh in his _Life_, ii. 171, says:--'From the refinements of
+abstruse speculation Johnson was withheld, partly perhaps by that
+repugnance to such subtleties which much experience often inspires, and
+partly also by a secret dread that they might disturb those prejudices
+in which his mind had found repose from the agitations of doubt.'
+
+[339] See _ante_, iv. 11, note 1.
+
+[340] Our Club, originally at the Turk's Head, Gerrard-street, then at
+Prince's, Sackville-street, now at Baxter's, Dover-street, which at Mr.
+Garrick's funeral acquired a _name_ for the first time, and was called
+THE LITERARY CLUB, was instituted in 1764, and now consists of
+thirty-five members. It has, since 1773, been greatly augmented; and
+though Dr. Johnson with justice observed, that, by losing Goldsmith,
+Garrick, Nugent, Chamier, Beauclerk, we had lost what would make an
+eminent club, yet when I mentioned, as an accession, Mr. Fox, Dr. George
+Fordyce, Sir Charles Bunbury, Lord Ossory, Mr. Gibbon, Dr. Adam Smith,
+Mr. R.B. Sheridan, the Bishops of Kilaloe and St. Asaph, Dean Marley,
+Mr. Steevens, Mr. Dunning, Sir Joseph Banks, Dr. Scott of the Commons,
+Earl Spencer, Mr. Windham of Norfolk, Lord Elliott, Mr. Malone, Dr.
+Joseph Warton, the Rev. Thomas Warton, Lord Lucan, Mr. Burke junior,
+Lord Palmerston, Dr. Burney, Sir William Hamilton, and Dr. Warren, it
+will be acknowledged that we might establish a second university of high
+reputation. BOSWELL. Mr. (afterwards Sir) William Jones wrote in 1780
+(_Life_, p. 241):--'Of our club I will only say that there is no branch
+of human knowledge on which some of our members are not capable of
+giving information.'
+
+[341] Here, unluckily, the windows had no pullies; and Dr. Johnson, who
+was constantly eager for fresh air, had much struggling to get one of
+them kept open. Thus he had a notion impressed upon him, that this
+wretched defect was general in Scotland; in consequence of which he has
+erroneously enlarged upon it in his _Journey_. I regretted that he did
+not allow me to read over his book before it was printed. I should have
+changed very little; but I should have suggested an alteration in a few
+places where he has laid himself open to be attacked. I hope I should
+have prevailed with him to omit or soften his assertion, that 'a
+Scotsman must be a sturdy moralist, who does not prefer Scotland to
+truth,' for I really think it is not founded; and it is harshly said.
+BOSWELL. Johnson, after a half-apology for 'these diminutive
+observations' on Scotch windows and fresh air, continues:--'The true
+state of every nation is the state of common life.' _Works_, ix. 18.
+Boswell a second time (_ante_, ii. 311) returns to Johnson's assertion
+that 'a Scotchman must be a very sturdy moralist who does not love
+Scotland better than truth; he will always love it better than inquiry.'
+_Works_, ix. 116.
+
+[342] See _ante_, p. 40.
+
+[343] A protest may be entered on the part of most Scotsmen against the
+Doctor's taste in this particular. A Finnon haddock dried over the smoke
+of the sea-weed, and sprinkled with salt water during the process,
+acquires a relish of a very peculiar and delicate flavour, inimitable on
+any other coast than that of Aberdeenshire. Some of our Edinburgh
+philosophers tried to produce their equal in vain. I was one of a party
+at a dinner, where the philosophical haddocks were placed in competition
+with the genuine Finnon-fish. These were served round without
+distinction whence they came; but only one gentleman, out of twelve
+present, espoused the cause of philosophy. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[344] It is the custom in Scotland for the judges of the Court of
+Session to have the title of _lords_, from their estates; thus Mr.
+Burnett is Lord _Monboddo_, as Mr. Home was Lord _Kames_. There is
+something a little awkward in this; for they are denominated in deeds by
+their _names_, with the addition of 'one of the Senators of the College
+of Justice;' and subscribe their Christian and surnames, as _James
+Burnett_, _Henry Home_, even in judicial acts. BOSWELL. See _ante_, p.
+77, note 4.
+
+[345] See _ante_, ii. 344, where Johnson says:--'A judge may be a
+farmer, but he is not to geld his own pigs.'
+
+[346]
+
+     'Not to admire is all the art I know
+      To make men happy and to keep them so.'
+
+Pope, _Imitations of Horace_, Epistles, i. vi. 1.
+
+[347] See _ante_, i. 461.
+
+[348] See _ante_, iv. 152.
+
+[349] See _ante_, iii. 322.
+
+[350] In the _Gent. Mag._ for 1755, p. 42, among the deaths is entered
+'Sir James Lowther, Bart., reckoned the richest commoner in Great
+Britain, and worth above a million.' According to Lord Shelburne, Lord
+Sunderland, who had been advised 'to nominate Lowther one of his
+Treasury on account of his great property,' appointed him to call on
+him. After waiting for some time he rang to ask whether he had come,
+'The servants answered that nobody had called; upon his repeating the
+inquiry they said that there was an old man, somewhat wet, sitting by
+the fireside in the hall, who they supposed had some petition to deliver
+to his lordship. When he went out it proved to be Sir James Lowther.
+Lord Sunderland desired him to be sent about his business, saying that
+no such mean fellow should sit at his Treasury.' Fitzmaurice's
+_Shelburne_, i. 34.
+
+[351] I do not know what was at this time the state of the parliamentary
+interest of the ancient family of Lowther; a family before the Conquest;
+but all the nation knows it to be very extensive at present. A due
+mixture of severity and kindness, oeconomy and munificence,
+characterises its present Representative. BOSWELL. Boswell, most
+unhappily not clearly seeing where his own genius lay, too often sought
+to obtain fame and position by the favour of some great man. For some
+years he courted in a very gross manner 'the present Representative,'
+the first Earl of Lonsdale, who treated him with great brutality.
+_Letters of Boswell_, pp. 271, 294, 324, and _ante_, iv. May 15, 1783.
+In the _Ann. Reg._ 1771, p. 56, it is shewn how by this bad man 'the
+whole county of Cumberland was thrown into a state of the greatest
+terror and confusion; four hundred ejectments were served in one day.'
+Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto._ p. 418) says that 'he was more detested than any
+man alive, as a shameless political sharper, a domestic bashaw, and an
+intolerable tyrant over his tenants and dependants.' Lord Albemarle
+(_Memoirs of Rockingham,_ ii. 70) describes the 'bad Lord Lonsdale. He
+exacted a serf-like submission from his poor and abject dependants. He
+professed a thorough contempt for modern refinements. Grass grew in the
+neglected approaches to his mansion.... Awe and silence pervaded the
+inhabitants [of Penrith] when the gloomy despot traversed their streets.
+He might have been taken for a Judge Jefferies about to open a royal
+commission to try them as state criminals... In some years of his life
+he resisted the payment of all bills.' Among his creditors was
+Wordsworth's father, 'who died leaving the poet and four other helpless
+children. The executors of the will, foreseeing the result of a legal
+contest with _a millionaire,_ withdrew opposition, trusting to Lord
+Lonsdale's sense of justice for payment. They leaned on a broken reed,
+the wealthy debtor "Died and made no sign."' [2 _Henry VI,_ act iii. sc.
+3.] See De Quincey's _Works,_ iii. 151.
+
+[352] 'Let us not,' he says, 'make too much haste to despise our
+neighbours. Our own cathedrals are mouldering by unregarded
+dilapidation. It seems to be part of the despicable philosophy of the
+time to despise monuments of sacred magnificence.' _Works_, ix. 20.
+
+[353] Note by Lord _Hailes_. 'The cathedral of Elgin was burnt by the
+Lord of Badenoch, because the Bishop of Moray had pronounced an award
+not to his liking. The indemnification that the see obtained was, that
+the Lord of Badenoch stood for three days bare-footed at the great gate
+of the cathedral. The story is in the Chartulary of Elgin.' BOSWELL. The
+cathedral was rebuilt in 1407-20, but the lead was stripped from the
+roof by the Regent Murray, and the building went to ruin. Murray's
+_Handbook_, ed. 1867, p. 303. 'There is,' writes Johnson (_Works_, ix.
+20), 'still extant in the books of the council an order ... directing
+that the lead, which covers the two cathedrals of Elgin and Aberdeen,
+shall be taken away, and converted into money for the support of the
+army.... The two churches were stripped, and the lead was shipped to be
+sold in Holland. I hope every reader will rejoice that this cargo of
+sacrilege was lost at sea.' On this Horace Walpole remarks (_Letters_,
+vii. 484):--'I confess I have not quite so heinous an idea of sacrilege
+as Dr. Johnson. Of all kinds of robbery, that appears to me the lightest
+species which injures nobody. Dr. Johnson is so pious that in his
+journey to your country he flatters himself that all his readers will
+join him in enjoying the destruction of two Dutch crews, who were
+swallowed up by the ocean after they had robbed a church.'
+
+[354] I am not sure whether the Duke was at home. But, not having the
+honour of being much known to his grace, I could not have presumed to
+enter his castle, though to introduce even so celebrated a stranger. We
+were at any rate in a hurry to get forward to the wildness which we came
+to see. Perhaps, if this noble family had still preserved that
+sequestered magnificence which they maintained when catholicks,
+corresponding with the Grand Duke of Tuscany, we might have been induced
+to have procured proper letters of introduction, and devoted some time
+to the contemplation of venerable superstitious state. BOSWELL. Burnet
+(_History of his own Times_, ii. 443, and iii. 23) mentions the Duke of
+Gordon, a papist, as holding Edinburgh Castle for James II. in 1689.
+
+[355] 'In the way, we saw for the first time some houses with
+fruit-trees about them. The improvements of the Scotch are for immediate
+profit; they do not yet think it quite worth their while to plant what
+will not produce something to be eaten or sold in a very little time.'
+_Piozzi Letters_, i. 121.
+
+[356] 'This was the first time, and except one the last, that I found
+any reason to complain of a Scottish table.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 19.
+
+[357] The following year Johnson told Hannah More that 'when he and
+Boswell stopt a night at the spot (as they imagined) where the Weird
+Sisters appeared to Macbeth, the idea so worked upon their enthusiasm,
+that it quite deprived them of rest. However they learnt the next
+morning, to their mortification, that they had been deceived, and were
+quite in another part of the country' H. More's _Memoirs_, i. 50.
+
+[358] See _ante_, p. 76.
+
+[359] Murphy (_Life_, p. 145) says that 'his manner of reciting verses
+was wonderfully impressive.' According to Mrs. Piozzi (_Anec_. p. 302),
+'whoever once heard him repeat an ode of Horace would be long before
+they could endure to hear it repeated by another.'
+
+[360] Then pronounced _Affleck_, though now often pronounced as it is
+written. Ante, ii. 413.
+
+[361] At this stage of his journey Johnson recorded:--'There are more
+beggars than I have ever seen in England; they beg, if not silently, yet
+very modestly.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 122. See ante, p. 75, note 1.
+
+[362] Duncan's monument; a huge column on the roadside near Fores, more
+than twenty feet high, erected in commemoration of the final retreat of
+the Danes from Scotland, and properly called Swene's Stone.
+WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[363] Swift wrote to Pope on May 31, 1737:--'Pray who is that Mr.
+Glover, who writ the epick poem called _Leonidas_, which is reprinting
+here, and has great vogue?' Swift's _Works_ (1803), xx. 121. 'It passed
+through four editions in the first year of its publication (1737-8).'
+Lowndes's _Bibl. Man_. p. 902. Horace Walpole, in 1742, mentions
+_Leonidas_ Glover (_Letters_, i. 117); and in 1785 Hannah More writes
+(_Memoirs_, i. 405):--'I was much amused with hearing old Leonidas
+Glover sing his own fine ballad of _Hosier's Ghost_, which was very
+affecting. He is past eighty [he was seventy-three]. Mr. Walpole coming
+in just afterwards, I told him how highly I had been pleased. He begged
+me to entreat for a repetition of it. It was the satire conveyed in this
+little ballad upon the conduct of Sir Robert Walpole's ministry which is
+thought to have been a remote cause of his resignation. It was a very
+curious circumstance to see his son listening to the recital of it with
+so much complacency.'
+
+[364] See ante, i. 125.
+
+[365] See _ante_, i. 456, and _post_, Sept. 22.
+
+[366] See _ante_, ii. 82, and _post_, Oct. 27.
+
+[367] 'Nairne is the boundary in this direction between the highlands
+and lowlands; and until within a few years both English and Gaelic were
+spoken here. One of James VI.'s witticisms was to boast that in Scotland
+he had a town "sae lang that the folk at the tae end couldna understand
+the tongue spoken at the tother."' Murray's _Handbook for Scotland_, ed.
+1867, p. 308. 'Here,' writes Johnson (_Works_, ix. 21), 'I first saw
+peat fires, and first heard the Erse language.' As he heard the girl
+singing Erse, so Wordsworth thirty years later heard The
+Solitary Reaper:--
+
+'Yon solitary Highland Lass
+Reaping and singing by herself.'
+
+[368]
+
+     'Verse softens toil, however rude the sound;
+     She feels no biting pang the while she sings;
+     Nor, as she turns the giddy wheel around,
+     Revolves the sad vicissitude of things.'
+
+_Contemplation._ London: Printed for R. Dodsley in Pall-mall, and sold
+by M. Cooper, at the Globe in Paternoster-Row, 1753.
+
+The author's name is not on the title-page. In the _Brit. Mus. Cata._
+the poem is entered under its title. Mr. Nichols (_Lit. Illus._ v. 183)
+says that the author was the Rev. Richard Gifford [not Giffard] of
+Balliol College, Oxford. He adds that 'Mr. Gifford mentioned to him with
+much satisfaction the fact that Johnson quoted the poem in his
+_Dictionary_.' It was there very likely that Boswell had seen the lines.
+They are quoted under _wheel_ (with changes made perhaps intentionally
+by Johnson), as follows:
+
+     'Verse sweetens care however rude the sound;
+      All at her work the village maiden sings;
+      Nor, as she turns the giddy wheel around,
+      Revolves the sad vicissitudes of things.'
+
+_Contemplation_, which was published two years after Gray's _Elegy_, was
+suggested by it. The rising, not the parting day, is described. The
+following verse precedes the one quoted by Johnson:--
+
+     'Ev'n from the straw-roofed cot the note of joy
+      Flows full and frequent, as the village-fair,
+      Whose little wants the busy hour employ,
+      Chanting some rural ditty soothes her care.'
+
+Bacon, in his _Essay Of Vicissitude of Things_ (No. 58), says:--'It is
+not good to look too long upon these turning _wheels of vicissitude_
+lest we become _giddy_' This may have suggested Gifford's last two
+lines. _Reflections on a Grave, &c._ (_ante_, ii. 26), published in
+1766, and perhaps written in part by Johnson, has a line borrowed from
+this poem:--
+
+     'These all the hapless state of mortals show
+      The sad vicissitude of things below.'
+
+Cowper, _Table-Talk_, ed. 1786, i. 165, writes of
+
+     'The sweet vicissitudes of day and night.'
+
+The following elegant version of these lines by Mr. A. T. Barton, Fellow
+and Tutor of Johnson's own College, will please the classical reader:--
+
+     Musa levat duros, quamvis rudis ore, labores;
+     Inter opus cantat rustica Pyrrha suum;
+     Nec meminit, secura rotam dum versat euntem,
+     Non aliter nostris sortibus ire vices.
+
+
+[369] He was the brother of the Rev. John M'Aulay (_post_, Oct. 25), the
+grandfather of Lord Macaulay.
+
+[370] See _ante_, ii. 51.
+
+[371] In Scotland, there is a great deal of preparation before
+administering the sacrament. The minister of the parish examines the
+people as to their fitness, and to those of whom he approves gives
+little pieces of tin, stamped with the name of the parish as _tokens_,
+which they must produce before receiving it. This is a species of
+priestly power, and sometimes may be abused. I remember a lawsuit
+brought by a person against his parish minister, for refusing him
+admission to that sacred ordinance. BOSWELL.
+
+[372] See _ post_, Sept. 13 and 28.
+
+[373] Mr. Trevelyan (_Life of Macaulay_, ed.1877, i. 6) says: 'Johnson
+pronounced that Mr. Macaulay was not competent to have written the book
+that went by his name; a decision which, to those who happen to have
+read the work, will give a very poor notion my ancestor's abilities.'
+
+[374]
+
+     'The thane of Cawdor lives, A prosperous gentleman.'
+
+_Macbeth_, act i. sc. 3.
+
+[375] According to Murray's _Handbook,_ ed. 1867, p. 308, no part of the
+castle is older than the fifteenth century.
+
+[376] See _post_, Nov. 5.
+
+[377] The historian. _Ante_, p. 41.
+
+[378] See _ante_, iii. 336, and _post_, Nov. 7.
+
+[379] See _post_, Oct. 27.
+
+[380] Baretti was the Italian. Boswell disliked him (_ante_, ii. 98
+note), and perhaps therefore described him merely as 'a man of _some_
+literature.' Baretti complained to Malone that 'the story as told gave
+an unfair representation of him.' He had, he said, 'observed to Johnson
+that the petition _lead us not into temptation_ ought rather to be
+addressed to the tempter of mankind than a benevolent Creator. "Pray,
+Sir," said Johnson, "do you know who was the author of the Lord's
+Prayer?" Baretti, who did not wish to get into any serious dispute and
+who appears to be an Infidel, by way of putting an end to the
+conversation, only replied:--"Oh, Sir, you know by _our_ religion (Roman
+Catholic) we are not permitted to read the Scriptures. You can't
+therefore expect an answer."' Prior's _Malone_, p. 399. Sir Joshua
+Reynolds, on hearing this from Malone, said:--'This turn which Baretti
+now gives to the matter was an after-thought; for he once said to me
+myself:--"There are various opinions about the writer of that prayer;
+some give it to St. Augustine, some to St. Chrysostom, &c. What is your
+opinion? "' _Ib_. p. 394. Mrs. Piozzi says that she heard 'Baretti tell
+a clergyman the story of Dives and Lazarus as the subject of a poem he
+once had composed in the Milanese district, expecting great credit for
+his powers of invention.' Hayward's _Piozzi_, ii. 348.
+
+[381] Goldsmith (_Present Slate of Polite Learning_, chap. 13) thus
+wrote of servitorships: 'Surely pride itself has dictated to the fellows
+of our colleges the absurd passion of being attended at meals, and on
+other public occasions, by those poor men who, willing to be scholars,
+come in upon some charitable foundation. It implies a contradiction for
+men to be at once learning the _liberal_ arts, and at the same time
+treated as _slaves_; at once studying freedom and practising servitude.'
+Yet a young man like Whitefield was willing enough to be a servitor. He
+had been a waiter in his mother's inn; he was now a waiter in a college,
+but a student also. See my _Dr. Johnson: His Friends and his
+Critics_, p. 27.
+
+[382] Dr. Johnson did not neglect what he had undertaken. By his
+interest with the Rev. Dr. Adams, master of Pembroke College, Oxford,
+where he was educated for some time, he obtained a servitorship for
+young M'Aulay. But it seems he had other views; and I believe went
+abroad. BOSWELL. See _ante_, ii. 380.
+
+[383] 'I once drank tea,' writes Lamb, 'in company with two Methodist
+divines of different persuasions. Before the first cup was handed round,
+one of these reverend gentlemen put it to the other, with all due
+solemnity, whether he chose to _say anything_. It seems it is the custom
+with some sectaries to put up a short prayer before this meal also. His
+reverend brother did not at first quite apprehend him, but upon an
+explanation, with little less importance he made answer that it was not
+a custom known in his church.' _Essay on Grace before Meat_.
+
+[384] He could not bear to have it thought that, in any instance
+whatever, the Scots are more pious than the English. I think grace as
+proper at breakfast as at any other meal. It is the pleasantest meal we
+have. Dr. Johnson has allowed the peculiar merit of breakfast in
+Scotland. BOSWELL. 'If an epicure could remove by a wish in quest of
+sensual gratification, wherever he had supped he would breakfast in
+Scotland.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 52.
+
+[385] Bruce, the Abyssinian Traveller, found in the annals of that
+region a king named _Brus_, which he chooses to consider the genuine
+orthography of the name. This circumstance occasioned some mirth at the
+court of Gondar. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[386] See _ante_, ii. 169, note 2, and _post_, Sept. 2. Johnson, so far
+as I have observed, spelt the name _Boswel_.
+
+[387] Sir Eyre Coote was born in 1726. He took part in the battle of
+Plassey in 1757, and commanded at the reduction of Pondicherry in 1761.
+In 1770-71 he went by land to Europe. In 1780 he took command of the
+English army against Hyder Ali, whom he repeatedly defeated. He died in
+1783. Chalmers's _Biog. Dict_. x. 236. There is a fine description of
+him in Macaulay's _Essays_, ed. 1843, iii. 385.
+
+[388] See _ante_, iii. 361.
+
+[389] Reynolds wrote of Johnson:--'He sometimes, it must be confessed,
+covered his ignorance by generals rather than appear ignorant' Taylor's
+_Reynolds_, ii. 457.
+
+[390] 'The barracks are very handsome, and form several regular and good
+streets.' Pennant's _Tour_, p. 144.
+
+[391] See _ante_, p. 45.
+
+[392] Here Dr. Johnson gave us part of a conversation held between a
+Great Personage and him, in the library at the Queen's Palace, in the
+course of which this contest was considered. I have been at great pains
+to get that conversation as perfectly preserved as possible. It may
+perhaps at some future time be given to the publick. BOSWELL. For 'a
+Great Personage' see _ante_, i. 219; and for the conversation, ii. 33.
+
+[393] See _ante_, ii. 73, 228, 248; iii. 4 and June 15, 1784.
+
+[394] See _ante_, i. 167, note 1.
+
+[395] Booth acted _Cato_, and Wilks Juba when Addison's _Cato_ was
+brought out. Pope told Spence that 'Lord Bolingbroke's carrying his
+friends to the house, and presenting Booth with a purse of guineas for
+so well representing the character of a person "who rather chose to die
+than see a general for life," carried the success of the play much
+beyond what they ever expected.' Spence's _Anec_. p. 46. Bolingbroke
+alluded to the Duke of Marlborough. Pope in his _Imitations of Horace_,
+2 Epist. i. 123 introduces 'well-mouth'd Booth.'
+
+[396] See _ante_, iii. 35, and under Sept. 30, 1783.
+
+[397] 'Garrick used to tell, that Johnson said of an actor who played
+Sir Harry Wildair at Lichfield, "There is a courtly vivacity about the
+fellow;" when, in fact, according to Garrick's account, "he was the most
+vulgar ruffian that ever went upon _boards_."' _Ante_, ii. 465.
+
+[398] Mrs. Cibber was the sister of Dr. Arne the musical composer, and
+the wife of Theophilus Cibber, Colley Cibber's son. She died in 1766,
+and was buried in the cloisters of Westminster Abbey. Baker's _Biog.
+Dram._ i. 123.
+
+[399] See _ante_, under Sept. 30, 1783.
+
+[400] See _ante_, i. 197, and ii. 348.
+
+[401] Johnson had set him to repeat the ninth commandment, and had with
+great glee put him right in the emphasis. _Ante_, i. 168.
+
+[402] Act iii. sc. 2.
+
+[403] Boswell's suggestion is explained by the following passage in
+Johnson's _Works_, viii. 463:--'Mallet was by his original one of the
+Macgregors, a clan that became about sixty years ago, under the conduct
+of Robin Roy, so formidable and so infamous for violence and robbery,
+that the name was annulled by a legal abolition.'
+
+[404] See _ante_, iii. 410, where he said to an Irish gentleman:--'Do
+not make an union with us, Sir. We should unite with you, only to rob
+you. We should have robbed the Scotch, if they had had anything of which
+we could have robbed them.'
+
+[405] It is remarkable that Dr. Johnson read this gentle remonstrance,
+and took no notice of it to me. BOSWELL. See _post_, Oct. 12, note.
+
+[406] _St. Matthew_, v. 44.
+
+[407] It is odd that Boswell did not suspect the parson, who, no doubt,
+had learnt the evening before from Mr. Keith that the two travellers
+would be present at his sermon. Northcote (_Life of Reynolds_, ii. 283)
+says that one day at Sir Joshua's dinner-table, when his host praised
+Malone very highly for his laborious edition of _Shakespeare_, he
+(Northcote) 'rather hastily replied, "What a very despicable creature
+must that man be who thus devotes himself, and makes another man his
+god;" when Boswell, who sat at my elbow, and was not in my thoughts at
+the time, cried out "Oh! Sir Joshua, then that is me!"'
+
+[408] Johnson (_Works_, ix. 23) more cautiously says:--'Here is a
+castle, called the castle of Macbeth.'
+
+[409] 'This short dialogue between Duncan and Banquo, whilst they are
+approaching the gates of Macbeth's castle, has always appeared to me a
+striking instance of what in painting is termed _repose_. Their
+conversation very naturally turns upon the beauty of its situation, and
+the pleasantness of the air; and Banquo, observing the martlet's nests
+in every recess of the cornice, remarks that where those birds most
+breed and haunt the air is delicate. The subject of this quiet and easy
+conversation gives that repose so necessary to the mind after the
+tumultuous bustle of the preceding scenes, and perfectly contrasts the
+scene of horror that immediately succeeds. It seems as if Shakespeare
+asked himself, what is a prince likely to say to his attendants on such
+an occasion? whereas the modern writers seem, on the contrary, to be
+always searching for new thoughts, such as would never occur to men in
+the situation which is represented. This also is frequently the practice
+of Homer, who from the midst of battles and horrors relieves and
+refreshes the mind of the reader by introducing some quiet rural image,
+or picture of familiar domestick life.' Johnson's _Shakespeare_.
+Northcote (_Life of Reynolds_, i. 144-151) quotes other notes
+by Reynolds.
+
+[410] In the original _senses_. Act i, sc. 6.
+
+[411] Act i. sc. 5.
+
+[412] Boswell forgets _scoundrelism_, _ante_, p. 106, which, I suppose,
+Johnson coined.
+
+[413] See _ante_, ii. 154, note 3. Peter Paragraph is one of the
+characters in Foote's Comedy of _The Orators_.
+
+[414] When upon the subject of this _peregrinity_, he told me some
+particulars concerning the compilation of his _Dictionary_, and
+concerning his throwing off Lord Chesterfield's patronage, of which very
+erroneous accounts have been circulated. These particulars, with others
+which he afterwards gave me,--as also his celebrated letter to Lord
+Chesterfield, which he dictated to me,--I reserve for his _Life._
+BOSWELL. See _ante,_ i. 221, 261.
+
+[415] See _ante,_ ii. 326, 371, and v. 18.
+
+[416] It is the third edition, published in 1778, that first bears this
+title. The first edition was published in 1761, and the second in 1762.
+
+[417] 'One of them was a man of great liveliness and activity, of whom
+his companion said that he would tire any horse in Inverness. Both of
+them were civil and ready-handed Civility seems part of the national
+character of Highlanders.' _Works,_ ix. 25.
+
+[418] 'The way was very pleasant; the rock out of which the road was cut
+was covered with birch trees, fern, and heath. The lake below was
+beating its bank by a gentle wind.... In one part of the way we had
+trees on both sides for perhaps half a mile. Such a length of shade,
+perhaps, Scotland cannot shew in any other place.' _Piozzi Letters_, i.
+123. The travellers must have passed close by the cottage where James
+Mackintosh was living, a child of seven.
+
+[419] Boswell refers, I think, to a passage in act iv. sc. I of
+Farquhar's Comedy, where Archer says to Mrs. Sullen:--'I can't at this
+distance, Madam, distinguish the figures of the embroidery.' This
+passage is copied by Goldsmith in _She Stoops to Conquer_, act iii.,
+where Marlow says to Miss Hardcastle: 'Odso! then you must shew me your
+embroidery.'
+
+[420] Johnson (_Works_, ix. 28) gives a long account of this woman.
+'Meal she considered as expensive food, and told us that in spring, when
+the goats gave milk, the children could live without it.'
+
+[421] It is very odd, that when these roads were made, there was no care
+taken for _Inns_. The _King's House_, and the _General's Hut_, are
+miserable places; but the project and plans were purely military. WALTER
+SCOTT. Johnson found good entertainment here, 'We had eggs and bacon and
+mutton, with wine, rum, and whisky. I had water.' _Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 124.
+
+[422] 'Mr. Boswell, who between his father's merit and his own is sure
+of reception wherever he comes, sent a servant before,' &c. Johnson's
+_Works_, ix. 30.
+
+[423] On April 6, 1777, Johnson noted down: 'I passed the night in such
+sweet uninterrupted sleep as I have not known since I slept at Fort
+Augustus.' _Pr. and Med._ p.159. On Nov. 21, 1778, he wrote to Boswell:
+'The best night that I have had these twenty years was at Fort
+Augustus.' _Ante_, iii. 369.
+
+[424] See _ante_, iii. 246.
+
+[425] A McQueen is a Highland mode of expression. An Englishman would
+say _one_ McQueen. But where there are _clans_ or _tribes_ of men,
+distinguished by _patronymick_ surnames, the individuals of each are
+considered as if they were of different species, at least as much as
+nations are distinguished; so that a _McQueen_, a _McDonald_, a
+_McLean_, is said, as we say a Frenchman, an Italian, a Spaniard.
+BOSWELL.
+
+[426] 'I praised the propriety of his language, and was answered that I
+need not wonder, for he had learnt it by grammar. By subsequent
+opportunities of observation I found that my host's diction had nothing
+peculiar. Those Highlanders that can speak English commonly speak it
+well, with few of the words and little of the tone by which a Scotchman
+is distinguished ... By their Lowland neighbours they would not
+willingly be taught; for they have long considered them as a mean and
+degenerate race.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 31. He wrote to Mrs. Thrale:
+'This man's conversation we were glad of while we staid. He had been
+out, as they call it, in forty-five, and still retained his old
+opinions.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 130.
+
+[427] By the Chevalier Ramsay.
+
+[428] 'From him we first heard of the general dissatisfaction which is
+now driving the Highlanders into the other hemisphere; and when I asked
+him whether they would stay at home if they were well treated, he
+answered with indignation that no man willingly left his native country.
+Johnson's _Works_, ix. 33. See _ante_, p. 27.
+
+[429] 'The chief glory of every people arises from its authors.' _Ib._
+v. 49.
+
+[430] Four years later, three years after Goldsmith's death, Johnson
+'observed in Lord Scarsdale's dressing-room Goldsmith's _Animated
+Nature_; and said, "Here's our friend. The poor doctor would have been
+happy to hear of this."' _Ante_, iii.162.
+
+[431] See _ante_, i. 348 and ii. 438 and _post_, Sept. 23. Mackintosh
+says: 'Johnson's idea that a ship was a prison with the danger of
+drowning is taken from Endymion Porter's _Consolation to Howell_ on his
+imprisonment in the _Fleet_, and was originally suggested by the pun.'
+_Life of Mackintosh_, ii. 83. The passage to which he refers is found in
+Howell's letter of Jan. 2, 1646 (book ii. letter 39), in which he writes
+to Porter:--'You go on to prefer my captivity in this _Fleet_ to that of
+a voyager at sea, in regard that he is subject to storms and springing
+of leaks, to pirates and picaroons, with other casualties.'
+
+[432] See _ante_, iii. 242.
+
+[433] This book has given rise to much enquiry, which has ended in
+ludicrous surprise. Several ladies, wishing to learn the kind of reading
+which the great and good Dr. Johnson esteemed most fit for a young
+woman, desired to know what book he had selected for this Highland
+nymph. 'They never adverted (said he) that I had no _choice_ in the
+matter. I have said that I presented her with a book which I _happened_
+to have about me.' And what was this book? My readers, prepare your
+features for merriment. It was _Cocker's Arithmetick_!--Wherever this
+was mentioned, there was a loud laugh, at which Johnson, when present,
+used sometimes to be a little angry. One day, when we were dining at
+General Oglethorpe's, where we had many a valuable day, I ventured to
+interrogate him. 'But, Sir, is it not somewhat singular that you should
+_happen_ to have _Cocker's Arithmetick_ about you on your journey? What
+made you buy such a book at Inverness?' He gave me a very sufficient
+answer. 'Why, Sir, if you are to have but one book with you upon a
+journey, let it be a book of science. When you have read through a book
+of entertainment, you know it, and it can do no more for you; but a book
+of science is inexhaustible.' BOSWELL.
+
+Johnson thus mentions his gift: 'I presented her with a book which I
+happened to have about me, and should not be pleased to think that she
+forgets me.' _Works_, ix. 32. The first edition of _Cocker's Arithmetic_
+was published about 1660. _Brit. Mus. Cata._ Though Johnson says that 'a
+book of science is inexhaustible,' yet in _The Rambler_, No. 154, he
+asserts that 'the principles of arithmetick and geometry may be
+comprehended by a close attention in a few days.' Mrs. Piozzi says
+(_Anec_. p. 77) that 'when Mr. Johnson felt his fancy disordered, his
+constant recurrence was to arithmetic; and one day that he was confined
+to his chamber, and I enquired what he had been doing to divert himself,
+he shewed me a calculation which I could scarce be made to understand,
+so vast was the plan of it; no other indeed than that the national debt,
+computing it at L180,000,000, would, if converted into silver, serve to
+make a meridian of that metal, I forget how broad, for the globe of the
+whole earth.' See _ante_, iii. 207, and iv. 171, note 3.
+
+[434] Swift's _Works_ (1803), xxiv. 63.
+
+[435] 'We told the soldiers how kindly we had been treated at the
+garrison, and, as we were enjoying the benefit of their labours, begged
+leave to shew our gratitude by a small present.... They had the true
+military impatience of coin in their pockets, and had marched at least
+six miles to find the first place where liquor could be bought. Having
+never been before in a place so wild and unfrequented I was glad of
+their arrival, because I knew that we had made them friends; and to gain
+still more of their goodwill we went to them, where they were carousing
+in the barn, and added something to our former gift.' _Works_, ix. 31-2.
+
+[436]
+
+     'Why rather sleep, liest thou in smoky cribs,
+      Upon uneasy pallets stretching thee.' &c.
+
+          2 _Henry IV._ act iii. sc. 1.
+
+
+
+[437] Spain, in 1719, sent a strong force under the Duke of Ormond to
+Scotland in behalf of the Chevalier. Owing to storms only a few hundred
+men landed. These were joined by a large body of Highlanders, but being
+attacked by General Wightman, the clansmen dispersed and the Spaniards
+surrendered. Smollett's _England_, ed. 1800, ii. 382.
+
+[438] Boswell mentions this _ante_, i. 41, as a proof of Johnson's
+'perceptive quickness.'
+
+[439] Dr. Johnson, in his _Journey_, thus beautifully describes his
+situation here:--'I sat down on a bank, such as a writer of romance
+might have delighted to feign. I had, indeed, no trees to whisper over
+my head; but a clear rivulet streamed at my feet. The day was calm, the
+air soft, and all was rudeness, silence, and solitude. Before me, and on
+either side, were high hills, which, by hindering the eye from ranging,
+forced the mind to find entertainment for itself. Whether I spent the
+hour well, I know not; for here I first conceived the thought of this
+narration.' The _Critical Reviewers_, with a spirit and expression
+worthy of the subject, say,--'We congratulate the publick on the event
+with which this quotation concludes, and are fully persuaded that the
+hour in which the entertaining traveller conceived this narrative will
+be considered, by every reader of taste, as a fortunate event in the
+annals of literature. Were it suitable to the task in which we are at
+present engaged, to indulge ourselves in a poetical flight, we would
+invoke the winds of the Caledonian Mountains to blow for ever, with
+their softest breezes, on the bank where our author reclined, and
+request of Flora, that it might be perpetually adorned with the gayest
+and most fragrant productions of the year.' BOSWELL. Johnson thus
+described the scene to Mrs. Thrale:--'I sat down to take notes on a
+green bank, with a small stream running at my feet, in the midst of
+savage solitude, with mountains before me and on either hand covered
+with heath. I looked around me, and wondered that I was not more
+affected, but the mind is not at all times equally ready to be put in
+motion.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 131.
+
+[440] 'The villagers gathered about us in considerable numbers, I
+believe without any evil intention, but with a very savage wildness of
+aspect and manner.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 38.
+
+[441] The M'Craas, or Macraes, were since that time brought into the
+king's army, by the late Lord Seaforth. When they lay in Edinburgh
+Castle in 1778, and were ordered to embark for Jersey, they with a
+number of other men in the regiment, for different reasons, but
+especially an apprehension that they were to be sold to the East-India
+Company, though enlisted not to be sent out of Great-Britain without
+their own consent, made a determined mutiny, and encamped upon the lofty
+mountain, _Arthur's seat_, where they remained three days and three
+nights; bidding defiance to all the force in Scotland. At last they came
+down, and embarked peaceably, having obtained formal articles of
+capitulation, signed by Sir Adolphus Oughton, commander in chief,
+General Skene, deputy commander, the Duke of Buccleugh, and the Earl of
+Dunmore, which quieted them. Since the secession of the Commons of Rome
+to the _Mons Sacer_, a more spirited exertion has not been made. I gave
+great attention to it from first to last, and have drawn up a particular
+account of it. Those brave fellows have since served their country
+effectually at Jersey, and also in the East-Indies, to which, after
+being better informed, they voluntarily agreed to go. BOSWELL. The line
+which Boswell quotes is from _The Chevalier's Muster Roll_:--
+
+     'The laird of M'Intosh is coming,
+      M'Crabie & M'Donald's coming,
+      M'Kenzie & M'Pherson's coming,
+      And the wild M'Craw's coming.
+      Little wat ye wha's coming,
+      Donald Gun and a's coming.'
+         Hogg's _Jacobite Relics_, i. 152.
+
+Horace Walpole (_Letters_, vii. 198) writing on May 9, 1779, tells how
+on May 1 'the French had attempted to land [on Jersey], but Lord
+Seaforth's new-raised regiment of 700 Highlanders, assisted by some
+militia and some artillery, made a brave stand and repelled the
+intruders.'
+
+[442] 'One of the men advised her, with the cunning that clowns never
+can be without, to ask more; but she said that a shilling was enough. We
+gave her half a crown, and she offered part of it again.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 133.
+
+[443] Of this part of the journey Johnson wrote:--'We had very little
+entertainment as we travelled either for the eye or ear. There are, I
+fancy, no singing birds in the Highlands.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 135. It
+is odd that he should have looked for singing birds on the first of
+September.
+
+[444] Act iii. sc. 4.
+
+[445] It is amusing to observe the different images which this being
+presented to Dr. Johnson and me. The Doctor, in his _Journey_, compares
+him to a Cyclops. BOSWELL. 'Out of one of the beds on which we were to
+repose, started up at our entrance, a man black as a Cyclops from the
+forge.' _Works_, ix. 44. Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale:--'When we were
+taken up stairs, a dirty fellow bounced out of the bed where one of us
+was to lie. Boswell blustered, but nothing could be got'. _Piozzi
+Letters_, i, 136. Macaulay (_Essays_, ed. 1843, i. 404) says: 'It is
+clear that Johnson himself did not think in the dialect in which he
+wrote. The expressions which came first to his tongue were simple,
+energetic, and picturesque. When he wrote for publication, he did his
+sentences out of English into Johnsonese. His letters from the Hebrides
+to Mrs. Thrale are the original of that work of which the _Journey to
+the Hebrides_ is the translation; and it is amusing to compare the two
+versions.' Macaulay thereupon quotes these two passages. See _ante_,
+under Aug. 29, 1783.
+
+[446] 'We had a lemon and a piece of bread, which supplied me with my
+supper.'_Piozzi Letters_, i, 136. Goldsmith, who in his student days had
+been in Scotland, thus writes of a Scotch inn:--'Vile entertainment is
+served up, complained of, and sent down; up comes worse, and that also
+is changed, and every change makes our wretched cheer more unsavoury.'
+_Present State of Polite Learning_, ch. 12.
+
+[447] General Wolfe, in his letter from Head-quarters on Sept. 2, 1759,
+eleven days before his death wrote:--'In this situation there is such a
+choice of difficulties that I own myself at a loss how to determine.'
+_Ann. Reg._ 1759, p. 246.
+
+[448] See _ante_, p. 89.
+
+[449] See _ante_, ii. 169, note 2.
+
+[450] Boswell, in a note that he added to the second edition (see
+_post_, end of the _Journal_), says that he has omitted 'a few
+observations the publication of which might perhaps be considered as
+passing the bounds of a strict decorum,' In the first edition (p. 165)
+the next three paragraphs were as follows:--'Instead of finding the head
+of the Macdonalds surrounded with his clan, and a festive entertainment,
+we had a small company, and cannot boast of our cheer. The particulars
+are minuted in my Journal, but I shall not trouble the publick with
+them. I shall mention but one characteristick circumstance. My shrewd
+and hearty friend Sir Thomas (Wentworth) Blacket, Lady Macdonald's
+uncle, who had preceded us in a visit to this chief, upon being asked by
+him if the punch-bowl then upon the table was not a very handsome one,
+replied, "Yes--if it were full." 'Sir Alexander Macdonald having been an
+Eton scholar, Dr. Johnson had formed an opinion of him which was much
+diminished when he beheld him in the isle of Sky, where we heard heavy
+complaints of rents racked, and the people driven to emigration. Dr.
+Johnson said, "It grieves me to see the chief of a great clan appear to
+such disadvantage. This gentleman has talents, nay some learning; but he
+is totally unfit for this situation. Sir, the Highland chiefs should not
+be allowed to go farther south than Aberdeen. A strong-minded man, like
+his brother Sir James, may be improved by an English education; but in
+general they will be tamed into insignificance." 'I meditated an escape
+from this house the very next day; but Dr. Johnson resolved that we
+should weather it out till Monday.' Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale:--'We
+saw the isle of Skie before us, darkening the horizon with its rocky
+coast. A boat was procured, and we launched into one of the straits of
+the Atlantick Ocean. We had a passage of about twelve miles to the point
+where ---- ---- resided, having come from his seat in the middle of the
+island to a small house on the shore, as we believe, that he might with
+less reproach entertain us meanly. If he aspired to meanness, his
+retrograde ambition was completely gratified... Boswell was very angry,
+and reproached him with his improper parsimony.' _Piozzi Letters_, i.
+137. A little later he wrote:--'I have done thinking of ---- whom we now
+call Sir Sawney; he has disgusted all mankind by injudicious parsimony,
+and given occasion to so many stories, that ---- has some thoughts of
+collecting them, and making a novel of his life.' _Ib_. p. 198. The last
+of Rowlandson's _Caricatures_ of Boswell's _Journal_ is entitled
+_Revising for the Second Edition_. Macdonald is represented as seizing
+Boswell by the throat and pointing with his stick to the _Journal_ that
+lies open at pages 168, 169. On the ground lie pages 165, 167, torn out.
+Boswell, in an agony of fear, is begging for mercy.
+
+[451]
+
+     'Here, in Badenoch, here in Lochaber anon, in Lochiel, in
+      Knoydart, Moydart, Morrer, Ardgower, and Ardnamurchan,
+      Here I see him and here: I see him; anon I lose him.'
+
+Clough's _Bothie_, p. 125
+
+[452] See his Latin verses addressed to Dr. Johnson, in this APPENDIX.
+BOSWELL.
+
+[453] See _ante_, ii. 157.
+
+[454] See _ante_, i. 449.
+
+[455] See _ante_, ii. 99.
+
+[456] See _ante_, iii 198, note 1.
+
+[457] 'Such is the laxity of Highland conversation, that the inquirer is
+kept in continual suspense, and by a kind of intellectual retrogradation
+knows less as he hears more.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 47. 'They are not
+much accustomed to be interrogated by others, and seem never to have
+thought upon interrogating themselves; so that if they do not know what
+they tell to be true, they likewise do not distinctly perceive it to be
+false. Mr. Boswell was very diligent in his inquiries; and the result of
+his investigations was, that the answer to the second question was
+commonly such as nullified the answer to the first.' _Ib._, p. 114.
+
+[458] Mr. Carruthers, in his edition of Boswell's _Hebrides_, says (p.
+xiv):--'The new management and high rents took the tacksmen, or larger
+tenants, by surprise. They were indignant at the treatment they
+received, and selling off their stock they emigrated to America. In the
+twenty years from 1772 to 1792, sixteen vessels with emigrants sailed
+from the western shores of Inverness-shire and Ross-shire, containing
+about 6400 persons, who carried with them in specie at least L38,400. A
+desperate effort was made by the tacksmen on the estate of Lord
+Macdonald. They bound themselves by a solemn oath not to offer for any
+farm that might become vacant. The combination failed of its object, but
+it appeared so formidable in the eyes of the "English-bred chieftain,"
+that he retreated precipitately from Skye and never afterwards
+returned.'
+
+[459] Dr. Johnson seems to have forgotten that a Highlander going armed
+at this period incurred the penalty of serving as a common soldier for
+the first, and of transportation beyond sea for a second offence. And as
+for 'calling out his clan,' twelve Highlanders and a bagpipe made a
+rebellion. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[460] Mackintosh (_Life_ ii. 62) says that in Mme. du Deffand's
+_Correspondence_ there is 'an extraordinary confirmation of the talents
+and accomplishments of our Highland Phoenix, Sir James Macdonald. A
+Highland chieftain, admired by Voltaire, could have been no
+ordinary man.'
+
+[461] This extraordinary young man, whom I had the pleasure of knowing
+intimately, having been deeply regretted by his country, the most minute
+particulars concerning him must be interesting to many. I shall
+therefore insert his two last letters to his mother, Lady Margaret
+Macdonald, which her ladyship has been pleased to communicate to me.
+'Rome, July 9th, 1766. 'My DEAR MOTHER, 'Yesterday's post brought me
+your answer to the first letter in which I acquainted you of my illness.
+Your tenderness and concern upon that account are the same I have always
+experienced, and to which I have often owed my life. Indeed it never was
+in so great danger as it has been lately; and though it would have been
+a very great comfort to me to have had you near me, yet perhaps I ought
+to rejoice, on your account, that you had not the pain of such a
+spectacle. I have been now a week in Rome, and wish I could continue to
+give you the same good accounts of my recovery as I did in my last; but
+I must own that, for three days past, I have been in a very weak and
+miserable state, which however seems to give no uneasiness to my
+physician. My stomach has been greatly out of order, without any visible
+cause; and the palpitation does not decrease. I am told that my stomach
+will soon recover its tone, and that the palpitation must cease in time.
+So I am willing to believe; and with this hope support the little
+remains of spirits which I can be supposed to have, on the forty-seventh
+day of such an illness. Do not imagine I have relapsed;--I only recover
+slower than I expected. If my letter is shorter than usual, the cause of
+it is a dose of physick, which has weakened me so much to-day, that I am
+not able to write a long letter. I will make up for it next post, and
+remain always 'Your most sincerely affectionate son, 'J. MACDONALD.' He
+grew gradually worse; and on the night before his death he wrote as
+follows from Frescati:--'MY DEAR MOTHER, 'Though I did not mean to
+deceive you in my last letter from Rome, yet certainly you would have
+very little reason to conclude of the very great and constant danger I
+have gone through ever since that time. My life, which is still almost
+entirely desperate, did not at that time appear to me so, otherwise I
+should have represented, in its true colours, a fact which acquires very
+little horror by that means, and comes with redoubled force by
+deception. There is no circumstance of danger and pain of which I have
+not had the experience, for a continued series of above a fortnight;
+during which time I have settled my affairs, after my death, with as
+much distinctness as the hurry and the nature of the thing could admit
+of. In case of the worst, the Abbe Grant will be my executor in this
+part of the world, and Mr. Mackenzie in Scotland, where my object has
+been to make you and my younger brother as independent of the eldest as
+possible.' BOSWELL. Horace Walpole (Letters, vii. 291), in 1779, thus
+mentions this 'younger brother':--'Macdonald abused Lord North in very
+gross, yet too applicable, terms; and next day pleaded he had been
+drunk, recanted, and was all admiration and esteem for his Lordship's
+talents and virtues.'
+
+[462] See _ante_, iii. 85, and _post_, Oct. 28.
+
+[463] Cheyne's English Malady, ed. 1733, p. 229.
+
+[464] 'Weary, stale, flat and unprofitable.' _Hamlet_, act i. sc. 2. See
+_ante_, iii. 350, where Boswell is reproached by Johnson with 'bringing
+in gabble,' when he makes this quotation.
+
+[465] VARIOUS READINGS. Line 2. In the manuscript, Dr. Johnson, instead
+of _rupibus obsita_, had written _imbribus uvida_, and _uvida nubibus_,
+but struck them both out. Lines 15 and 16. Instead of these two lines,
+he had written, but afterwards struck out, the following:--
+
+     Parare posse, utcunque jactet
+     Grandiloquus nimis alta Zeno.
+
+BOSWELL. In Johnson's _Works_, i. 167, these lines are given with some
+variations, which perhaps are in part due to Mr. Langton, who, we are
+told (_ante_, Dec. 1784), edited some, if not indeed all, of Johnson's
+Latin poems.
+
+[466] Cowper wrote to S. Rose on May 20, 1789:--'Browne was an
+entertaining companion when he had drunk his bottle, but not before;
+this proved a snare to him, and he would sometimes drink too much.'
+Southey's _Cowper_, vi. 237. His _De Animi Immortalitate_ was published
+in 1754. He died in 1760, aged fifty-four. See _ante_, ii. 339.
+
+[467] Boswell, in one of his _Hypochondriacks_ (_ante_, iv. 179)
+says:--'I do fairly acknowledge that I love Drinking; that I have a
+constitutional inclination to indulge in fermented liquors, and that if
+it were not for the restraints of reason and religion, I am afraid I
+should be as constant a votary of Bacchus as any man.... Drinking is in
+reality an occupation which employs a considerable portion of the time
+of many people; and to conduct it in the most rational and agreeable
+manner is one of the great arts of living. Were we so framed that it
+were possible by perpetual supplies of wine to keep ourselves for ever
+gay and happy, there could be no doubt that drinking would be the
+_summum bonum_, the chief good, to find out which philosophers have been
+so variously busied. But we know from humiliating experience that men
+cannot be kept long in a state of elevated drunkenness.'
+
+[468] That my readers may have my narrative in the style of the country
+through which I am travelling, it is proper to inform them, that the
+chief of a clan is denominated by his _surname_ alone, as M'Leod,
+M'Kinnon, M'lntosh. To prefix _Mr._ to it would be a degradation from
+_the_ M'Leod, &c. My old friend, the Laird of M'Farlane, the great
+antiquary, took it highly amiss, when General Wade called him Mr.
+M'Farlane. Dr. Johnson said, he could not bring himself to use this mode
+of address; it seemed to him to be too familiar, as it is the way in
+which, in all other places, intimates or inferiors are addressed. When
+the chiefs have _titles_ they are denominated by them, as _Sir James
+Grant_, _Sir Allan M'Lean_. The other Highland gentlemen, of landed
+property, are denominated by their _estates_, as _Rasay_, _Boisdale_;
+and the wives of all of them have the title of _ladies_. The _tacksmen_,
+or principal tenants, are named by their farms, as _Kingsburgh_,
+_Corrichatachin_; and their wives are called the _mistress_ of
+Kingsburgh, the _mistress_ of Corrichatachin.--Having given this
+explanation, I am at liberty to use that mode of speech which generally
+prevails in the Highlands and the Hebrides. BOSWELL.
+
+[469] See _ante_, iii. 275.
+
+[470] Boswell implies that Sir A. Macdonald's table had not been
+furnished plentifully. Johnson wrote:--'At night we came to a tenant's
+house of the first rank of tenants, where we were entertained better
+than at the landlord's.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 141.
+
+[471] 'Little did I once think,' he wrote to her the same day, 'of
+seeing this region of obscurity, and little did you once expect a
+salutation from this verge of European life. I have now the pleasure of
+going where nobody goes, and seeing what nobody sees.' _Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 120. About fourteen years since, I landed in Sky, with a party of
+friends, and had the curiosity to ask what was the first idea on every
+one's mind at landing. All answered separately that it was this Ode.
+WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[472] See Appendix B.
+
+[473] 'I never was in any house of the islands, where I did not find
+books in more languages than one, if I staid long enough to want them,
+except one from which the family was removed.' Johnson's _Works_, ix.
+50. He is speaking of 'the higher rank of the Hebridians,' for on p. 61
+he says:--'The greater part of the islanders make no use of books.'
+
+[474] There was a Mrs. Brooks, an actress, the daughter of a Scotchman
+named Watson, who had forfeited his property by 'going out in the '45.'
+But according to _The Thespian Dictionary_ her first appearance on the
+stage was in 1786.
+
+[475] Boswell mentions, _post_, Oct. 5, 'the famous Captain of
+Clanranald, who fell at Sherrif-muir.'
+
+[476] See _ante_, p. 95.
+
+[477] By John Macpherson, D.D. See _post_, Sept. 13.
+
+[478] Sir Walter Scott, when in Sky in 1814, wrote:--'We learn that most
+of the Highland superstitions, even that of the second sight, are still
+in force.' Lockhart's _Scott_, ed. 1839, iv. 305. See _.ante_, ii.
+10, 318.
+
+[479] Of him Johnson wrote:--'One of the ministers honestly told me that
+he came to Sky with a resolution not to believe it.' _Works_, ix. 106.
+
+[480] 'By the term _second sight_ seems to be meant a mode of seeing
+superadded to that which nature generally bestows. In the Erse it is
+called _Taisch_; which signifies likewise a spectre or a vision.'
+_Johnson's Works_, ix. 105.
+
+[481] Gray's _Ode on a distant prospect of Eton College_, 1. 44.
+
+[482] A tonnage bounty of thirty shillings a ton was at this time given
+to the owners of busses or decked vessels for the encouragement of the
+white herring fishery. Adam Smith (_Wealth of Nations_, iv. 5) shews how
+mischievous was its effect.
+
+[483] The Highland expression for Laird of Rasay. BOSWELL.
+
+[484] 'In Sky I first observed the use of brogues, a kind of artless
+shoes, stitched with thongs so loosely, that, though they defend the
+foot from stones, they do not exclude water.' Johnson's _Works_, ix 46.
+
+[485] To evade the law against the tartan dress, the Highlanders used to
+dye their variegated plaids and kilts into blue, green, or any single
+colour. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[486] See _post_, Oct. 5.
+
+[487] The Highlanders were all well inclined to the episcopalian form,
+_proviso_ that the right _king_ was prayed for. I suppose Malcolm meant
+to say, 'I will come to your church because you are honest folk,' viz.
+_Jacobites_. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[488] See _ante_, i. 450, and ii. 291.
+
+[489] Perhaps he was thinking of Johnson's letter of June 20, 1771
+(_ante_, ii. 140), where he says:--'I hope the time will come when we
+may try our powers both with cliffs and water.'
+
+[490] 'The wind blew enough to give the boat a kind of dancing
+agitation.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 142. 'The water was calm and the rowers
+were vigorous; so that our passage was quick and pleasant.' Johnson's
+_Works_, ix. 54.
+
+[491]
+
+     'Caught in the wild Aegean seas,
+      The sailor bends to heaven for ease.'
+
+FRANCIS. Horace, 2, _Odes_, xvi. 1.
+
+[492] See _ante_, iv. Dec. 9, 1784, note.
+
+[493] Such spells are still believed in. A lady of property in Mull, a
+friend of mine, had a few years since much difficulty in rescuing from
+the superstitious fury of the people, an old woman, who used a _charm_
+to injure her neighbour's cattle. It is now in my possession, and
+consists of feathers, parings of nails, hair, and such like trash, wrapt
+in a lump of clay. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[494] Sir Walter Scott, writing in Skye in 1814, says:--'Macleod and Mr.
+Suter have both heard a tacksman of Macleod's recite the celebrated
+Address to the Sun; and another person repeat the description of
+Cuchullin's car. But all agree as to the gross infidelity of Macpherson
+as a translator and editor.' Lockhart's _Scott_, iv. 308.
+
+[495] See _post_, Nov. 10.
+
+[496] 'The women reaped the corn, and the men bound up the sheaves. The
+strokes of the sickle were timed by the modulation of the harvest-song,
+in which all their voices were united.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 58.
+
+[497] 'The money which he raises annually by rent from all his
+dominions, which contain at least 50,000 acres, is not believed to
+exceed L250; but as he keeps a large farm in his own hands, he sells
+every year great numbers of cattle ... The wine circulates vigorously,
+and the tea, chocolate, and coffee, however they are got, are always at
+hand.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 142. 'Of wine and punch they are very
+liberal, for they get them cheap; but as there is no custom-house on the
+island, they can hardly be considered as smugglers.' _Ib_. p. 160.
+'Their trade is unconstrained; they pay no customs, for there is no
+officer to demand them; whatever, therefore, is made dear only by impost
+is obtained here at an easy rate.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 52.
+
+[498] 'No man is so abstemious as to refuse the morning dram, which they
+call a _skalk_.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. p. 51.
+
+[499] Alexander Macleod, of Muiravenside, advocate, became extremely
+obnoxious to government by his zealous personal efforts to engage his
+chief Macleod, and Macdonald of Sky, in the Chevalier's attempts of
+1745. Had he succeeded, it would have added one third at least to the
+Jacobite army. Boswell has oddly described _M'Cruslick_, the being whose
+name was conferred upon this gentleman, as something between Proteus and
+Don Quixote. It is the name of a species of satyr, or _esprit follet_, a
+sort of mountain Puck or hobgoblin, seen among the wilds and mountains,
+as the old Highlanders believed, sometimes mirthful, sometimes
+mischievous. Alexander Macleod's precarious mode of life and variable
+spirits occasioned the _soubriquet_. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[500] Johnson also complained of the cheese. 'In the islands they do
+what I found it not very easy to endure. They pollute the tea-table by
+plates piled with large slices of Cheshire cheese, which mingles its
+less grateful odours with the fragrance of the tea.' _Works_, ix. 52.
+
+[501] 'The estate has not, during four hundred years, gained or lost a
+single acre.' _Ib_. p. 55.
+
+[502] Lord Stowell told me, that on the road from Newcastle to Berwick,
+Dr. Johnson and he passed a cottage, at the entrance of which were set
+up two of those great bones of the whale, which are not unfrequently
+seen in maritime districts. Johnson expressed great horror at the sight
+of these bones; and called the people, who could use such relics of
+mortality as an ornament, mere savages. CROKER.
+
+[503] In like manner Boswell wrote:--'It is divinely cheering to me to
+think that there is a Cathedral so near Auchinleck [as Carlisle].'
+_Ante_, iii. 416.
+
+[504] 'It is not only in Rasay that the chapel is unroofed and useless;
+through the few islands which we visited we neither saw nor heard of any
+house of prayer, except in Sky, that was not in ruins. The malignant
+influence of Calvinism has blasted ceremony and decency together... It
+has been for many years popular to talk of the lazy devotion of the
+Romish clergy; over the sleepy laziness of men that erected churches we
+may indulge our superiority with a new triumph, by comparing it with the
+fervid activity of those who suffer them to fall.' Johnson's _Works_,
+ix. 61. He wrote to Mrs. Thrale:--'By the active zeal of Protestant
+devotion almost all the chapels have sunk into ruin.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 152.
+
+[505] 'Not many years ago,' writes Johnson, 'the late Laird led out one
+hundred men upon a military expedition.' _Works_, ix. 59. What the
+expedition was he is careful not to state.
+
+[506] 'I considered this rugged ascent as the consequence of a form of
+life inured to hardships, and therefore not studious of nice
+accommodations. But I know not whether for many ages it was not
+considered as a part of military policy to keep the country not easily
+accessible. The rocks are natural fortifications.' Johnson's _Works_,
+ix. p. 54.
+
+[507] See _post_ Sept. 17.
+
+[508] In Sky a price was set 'upon the heads of foxes, which, as the
+number was diminished, has been gradually raised from three shillings
+and sixpence to a guinea, a sum so great in this part of the world,
+that, in a short time, Sky may be as free from foxes as England from
+wolves. The fund for these rewards is a tax of sixpence in the pound,
+imposed by the farmers on themselves, and said to be paid with great
+willingness.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 57.
+
+[509] Boswell means that the eastern coast of Sky is westward of Rasay.
+CROKER.
+
+[510] 'The Prince was hidden in his distress two nights in Rasay, and
+the King's troops burnt the whole country, and killed some of the
+cattle. You may guess at the opinions that prevail in this country; they
+are, however, content with fighting for their King; they do not drink
+for him. We had no foolish healths', _Piozzi Letters_, i. 145.
+
+[511] See _ante_, iv. 217, where he said:--'You have, perhaps, no man
+who knows as much Greek and Latin as Bentley.'
+
+[512] See _ante_, ii. 61, and _post_, Oct. 1.
+
+[513] See _ante_, i. 268, note 1.
+
+[514] Steele had had the Duke of Marlborough's papers, and 'in some of
+his exigencies put them in pawn. They then remained with the old
+Duchess, who, in her will, assigned the task to Glover [the author of
+_Leonidas_] and Mallet, with a reward of a thousand pounds, and a
+prohibition to insert any verses. Glover rejected, I suppose with
+disdain, the legacy, and devolved the whole work upon Mallet; who had
+from the late Duke of Marlborough a pension to promote his industry, and
+who talked of the discoveries which he had made; but left not, when he
+died, any historical labours behind him.' Johnson's _Works_, viii. 466.
+The Duchess died in 1744 and Mallet in 1765. For more than twenty years
+he thus imposed more or less successfully on the world. About the year
+1751 he played on Garrick's vanity. 'Mallet, in a familiar conversation
+with Garrick, discoursing of the diligence which he was then exerting
+upon the _Life of Marlborough_, let him know, that in the series of
+great men quickly to be exhibited, he should _find a niche_ for the hero
+of the theatre. Garrick professed to wonder by what artifice he could be
+introduced; but Mallet let him know, that by a dexterous anticipation he
+should fix him in a conspicuous place. "Mr. Mallet," says Garrick in his
+gratitude of exultation, "have you left off to write for the stage?"
+Mallet then confessed that he had a drama in his hands. Garrick promised
+to act it; and _Alfred_ was produced.' _Ib_. p. 465. See _ante_,
+iii. 386.
+
+[515] According to Dr. Warton (_Essay on Pope_, ii. 140) he received
+L5000. 'Old Marlborough,' wrote Horace Walpole in March, 1742 (Letters,
+i. 139), 'has at last published her _Memoirs_; they are digested by one
+Hooke, who wrote a Roman history; but from her materials, which are so
+womanish that I am sure the man might sooner have made a gown and
+petticoat with them.'
+
+[516] See _ante_, i. 153
+
+[517] 'Hooke,' says Dr. Warton (_Essay on Pope_, ii. 141), 'was a Mystic
+and a Quietist, and a warm disciple of Fenelon. It was he who brought a
+Catholic priest to take Pope's confession on his death-bed.'
+
+[518] See Cumberland's _Memoirs_, i. 344.
+
+[519] Mr. Croker says that 'though he sold a great tract of land in
+Harris, he left at his death in 1801 the original debt of L50,000
+[Boswell says L40,000] increased to L70,000.' When Johnson visited
+Macleod at Dunvegan, he wrote to Mrs. Thrale:--'Here, though poor
+Macleod had been left by his grandfather overwhelmed with debts, we had
+another exhibition of feudal hospitality. There were two stags in the
+house, and venison came to the table every day in its various forms.
+Macleod, besides his estate in Sky, larger I suppose than some English
+counties, is proprietor of nine inhabited isles; and of his isles
+uninhabited I doubt if he very exactly knows the number, I told him that
+he was a mighty monarch. Such dominions fill an Englishman with envious
+wonder; but when he surveys the naked mountain, and treads the quaking
+moor; and wanders over the wild regions of gloomy barrenness, his wonder
+may continue, but his envy ceases. The unprofitableness of these vast
+domains can be conceived only by the means of positive instances. The
+heir of Col, an island not far distant, has lately told me how wealthy
+he should be if he could let Rum, another of his islands, for twopence
+halfpenny an acre; and Macleod has an estate which the surveyor reports
+to contain 80,000 acres, rented at L600 a year.' _Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 154.
+
+[520] They were abolished by an act passed in 1747, being 'reckoned
+among the principal sources of the rebellions. They certainly kept the
+common people in subjection to their chiefs. By this act they were
+legally emancipated from slavery; but as the tenants enjoyed no leases,
+and were at all times liable to be ejected from their farms, they still
+depended on the pleasure of their lords, notwithstanding this
+interposition of the legislature, which granted a valuable consideration
+in money to every nobleman and petty baron, who was thus deprived of one
+part of his inheritance.' Smollett's _England_, iii. 206. See _ante_, p.
+46, note 1, and _post_, Oct. 22.
+
+[521] 'I doubt not but that since the regular judges have made their
+circuits through the whole country, right has been everywhere more
+wisely and more equally distributed; the complaint is, that litigation
+is grown troublesome, and that the magistrates are too few and therefore
+often too remote for general convenience... In all greater questions
+there is now happily an end to all fear or hope from malice or from
+favour. The roads are secure in those places through which forty years
+ago no traveller could pass without a convoy...No scheme of policy has
+in any country yet brought the rich and poor on equal terms to courts of
+judicature. Perhaps experience improving on experience may in time
+effect it.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 90.
+
+[522] He described Rasay as 'the seat of plenty, civility, and
+cheerfulness.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 152.
+
+[523] 'We heard the women singing as they _waulked_ the cloth, by
+rubbing it with their hands and feet, and screaming all the while in a
+sort of chorus. At a distance the sound was wild and sweet enough, but
+rather discordant when you approached too near the performers.'
+Lockhart's _Scott_, iv. 307.
+
+[524] She had been some time at Edinburgh, to which she again went, and
+was married to my worthy neighbour, Colonel Mure Campbell, now Earl of
+Loudoun, but she died soon afterwards, leaving one daughter. BOSWELL.
+'She is a celebrated beauty; has been admired at Edinburgh; dresses her
+head very high; and has manners so lady-like that I wish her head-dress
+was lower.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 144. See _ante_, iii. 118.
+
+[525]
+
+     'Yet hope not life from _grief_ or danger free,
+      _Nor_ think the doom of man reversed for thee.'
+
+_The Vanity of Human Wishes_.
+
+[526] 'Rasay accompanied us in his six-oared boat, which he said was his
+coach and six. It is indeed the vehicle in which the ladies take the air
+and pay their visits, but they have taken very little care for
+accommodations. There is no way in or out of the boat for a woman but by
+being carried; and in the boat thus dignified with a pompous name there
+is no seat but an occasional bundle of straw.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 152.
+In describing the distance of one family from another, Johnson
+writes:--'Visits last several days, and are commonly paid by water; yet
+I never saw a boat furnished with benches.' _Works_, ix. 100.
+
+[527] See _ante_, ii. 106, and iii. 154.
+
+[528] 'They which forewent us did leave a Roome for us, and should wee
+grieve to doe the same to these which should come after us? Who beeing
+admitted to see the exquisite rarities of some antiquaries cabinet is
+grieved, all viewed, to have the courtaine drawen, and give place to new
+pilgrimes?' _A Cypresse Grove_, by William Drummond of Hawthorne-denne,
+ed. 1630, p. 68.
+
+[529] See _ante_, iii. 153, 295.
+
+[530]
+
+     'While hoary Nestor, by experience wise,
+      To reconcile the angry monarch tries.'
+
+FRANCIS. Horace, i _Epis_. ii. II.
+
+[531] _See ante_, p. 16.
+
+[532] Lord Elibank died Aug. 3, 1778, aged 75. _Gent. Mag._ 1778, p.
+391.
+
+[533] A term in Scotland for a special messenger, such as was formerly
+sent with dispatches by the lords of the council.
+
+[534] Yet he said of him:--'There is nothing _conclusive_ in his talk.'
+_Ante_ iii. 57.
+
+[535] 'I believe every man has found in physicians great liberality and
+dignity of sentiment, very prompt effusion of beneficence, and
+willingness to exert a lucrative art where there is no hope of lucre.'
+Johnson's _Works_, vii. 402. See _ante_, iv. 263.
+
+[536] Johnson says (_ib_. ix. 156) that when the military road was made
+through Glencroe, 'stones were placed to mark the distances, which the
+inhabitants have taken away, resolved, they said, "to have no
+new miles."'
+
+[537]
+
+     'The lawland lads think they are fine,
+      But O they're vain and idly gawdy;
+      How much unlike that graceful mien
+      And manly look of my highland laddie.'
+
+From '_The Highland Laddie_, written long since by Allan Ramsay, and now
+sung at Ranelagh and all the other gardens; often fondly encored, and
+sometimes ridiculously hissed.' _Gent. Mag_. 1750, p. 325.
+
+[538] 'She is of a pleasing person and elegant behaviour. She told me
+that she thought herself honoured by my visit; and I am sure that
+whatever regard she bestowed on me was liberally repaid.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 153. In his _Journey_ (_Works_, ix. 63) Johnson speaks of
+Flora Macdonald, as 'a name that will be mentioned in history, and if
+courage and fidelity be virtues, mentioned with honour.'
+
+[539] This word, which meant much the same as, _fop_ or _dandy_, is
+found in Bk. x. ch. 2 of Fielding's _Amelia_ (published in 1751):--'A
+large assembly of young fellows, whom they call bucks.' Less than forty
+years ago, in the neighbourhood of London, it was, I remember, still
+commonly applied by the village lads to the boys of a boarding-school.
+
+[540] This word was at this time often used in a loose sense, though
+Johnson could not have so used it. Thus Horace Walpole, writing on May
+16, 1759 (_Letters_, iii. 227), tells a story of the little Prince
+Frederick. 'T'other day as he was with the Prince of Wales, Kitty Fisher
+passed by, and the child named her; the Prince, to try him, asked who
+that was? "Why, a Miss." "A Miss," said the Prince of Wales, "why are
+not all girls Misses?" "Oh! but a particular sort of Miss--a Miss that
+sells oranges."' Mr. Cunningham in a note on this says:--'Orange-girls
+at theatres were invariably courtesans.'
+
+[541] _Governor_ was the term commonly given to a tutor, especially a
+travelling tutor. Thus Peregrine Pickle was sent first to Winchester and
+afterwards abroad 'under the immediate care and inspection of a
+governor.' _Peregrine Pickle_, ch. xv.
+
+[542] He and his wife returned before the end of the War of
+Independence. On the way back she showed great spirit when their ship
+was attacked by a French man of war. Chambers's _Rebellion in
+Scotland_, ii. 329.
+
+[543] I do not call him _the Prince of Wales_, or _the Prince_, because
+I am quite satisfied that the right which the _House of Stuart_ had to
+the throne is extinguished. I do not call him, the _Pretender_, because
+it appears to me as an insult to one who is still alive, and, I suppose,
+thinks very differently. It may be a parliamentary expression; but it is
+not a gentlemanly expression. I _know_, and I exult in having it in my
+power to tell, that THE ONLY PERSON in the world who is intitled to be
+offended at this delicacy, thinks and feels as I do; and has liberality
+of mind and generosity of sentiment enough to approve of my tenderness
+for what even _has been_ Blood Royal. That he is a _prince_ by
+_courtesy_, cannot be denied; because his mother was the daughter of
+Sobiesky, king of Poland. I shall, therefore, _on that account alone_,
+distinguish him by the name of _Prince Charles Edward_. BOSWELL. To have
+called him the _Pretender_ in the presence of Flora Macdonald would have
+been hazardous. In her old age, 'such is said to have been the virulence
+of the Jacobite spirit in her composition, that she would have struck
+any one with her fist who presumed, in her hearing, to call Charles _the
+Pretender_.' Chambers's _Rebellion in Scotland_, ii. 330.
+
+[544] This, perhaps, was said in allusion to some lines ascribed to
+_Pope_, on his lying, at John Duke of Argyle's, at Adderbury, in the
+same bed in which Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, had slept:
+
+     'With no poetick ardour fir'd,
+        I press [press'd] the bed where Wilmot lay;
+      That here he liv'd [lov'd], or here expir'd,
+        Begets no numbers, grave or gay.'
+
+BOSWELL.
+
+[545] See _ante_, iv. 60, 187.
+
+[546] See _ante_, iv. 113 and 315.
+
+[547] 'This was written while Mr. Wilkes was Sheriff of London, and when
+it was to be feared he would rattle his chain a year longer as Lord
+Mayor.' Note to Campbell's _British Poets_, p. 662. By 'here' the poet
+means at _Tyburn_.
+
+[548] With virtue weigh'd, what worthless trash is gold! BOSWELL.
+
+[549] Since the first edition of this book, an ingenious friend has
+observed to me, that Dr. Johnson had probably been thinking on the
+reward which was offered by government for the apprehension of the
+grandson of King James II, and that he meant by these words to express
+his admiration of the Highlanders, whose fidelity and attachment had
+resisted the golden temptation that had been held out to them. BOSWELL.
+
+[550] On the subject of Lady Margaret Macdonald, it is impossible to
+omit an anecdote which does much honour to Frederick, Prince of Wales.
+By some chance Lady Margaret had been presented to the princess, who,
+when she learnt what share she had taken in the Chevalier's escape,
+hastened to excuse herself to the prince, and exlain to him that she was
+not aware that Lady Margaret was the person who had harboured the
+fugitive. The prince's answer was noble: 'And would _you_ not have done
+the same, madam, had he come to you, as to her, in distress and danger?
+I hope--I am sure you would!' WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[551] This old Scottish _member of parliament_, I am informed, is still
+living (1785). BOSWELL.
+
+[552] I cannot find that this account was ever published. Mr. Lumisden
+is mentioned _ante_, ii. 401, note 2.
+
+[553] This word is not in Johnson's _Dictionary_.
+
+[554] Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. p. 153) describes him in 1745 as 'a
+good-looking man of about five feet ten inches; his hair was dark red,
+and his eyes black. His features were regular, his visage long, much
+sunburnt and freckled, and his countenance thoughtful and melancholy.'
+When the Pretender was in London in 1750, 'he came one evening,' writes
+Dr. W. King (_Anec_. p. 199) 'to my lodgings, and drank tea with me; my
+servant, after he was gone, said to me, that he thought my new visitor
+very like Prince Charles. "Why," said I, "have you ever seen Prince
+Charles?" "No, Sir," said the fellow, "but this gentleman, whoever he
+may be, exactly resembles the busts which are sold in Red Lionstreet,
+and are said to be the busts of Prince Charles." The truth is, these
+busts were taken in plaster of Paris from his face. He has an handsome
+face and good eyes.'
+
+[555] Sir Walter Scott, writing of his childhood, mentions 'the stories
+told in my hearing of the cruelties after the battle of Culloden. One or
+two of our own distant relations had fallen, and I remember of (sic)
+detesting the name of Cumberland with more than infant hatred.'
+Lockhart's _Scott_, i. 24. 'I was,' writes Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_, p.
+190), 'in the coffee-house with Smollett when the news of the battle of
+Culloden arrived, and when London all over was in a perfect uproar of
+joy.' On coming out into the street, 'Smollett,' he continues,
+'cautioned me against speaking a word, lest the mob should discover my
+country, and become insolent, "for John Bull," says he; "is as haughty
+and valiant to-night as he was abject and cowardly on the Black
+Wednesday when the Highlanders were at Derby." I saw not Smollett again
+for some time after, when he shewed me his manuscript of his _Tears of
+Scotland_. Smollett, though a Tory, was not a Jacobite, but he had the
+feelings of a Scotch gentleman on the reported cruelties that were said
+to be exercised after the battle of Culloden.' See _ante_, ii. 374, for
+the madman 'beating his straw, supposing it was the Duke of Cumberland,
+whom he was punishing for his cruelties in Scotland in 1746.'
+
+[556] 'He was obliged to trust his life to the fidelity of above fifty
+individuals, and many of these were in the lowest paths of fortune. They
+knew that a price of L30,000 was set upon his head, and that by
+betraying him they should enjoy wealth and affluence.' Smollett's _Hist.
+of England_, iii. 184.
+
+[557] 'Que les hommes prives, qui se plaignent de leurs petites
+infortunes, jettent les yeux sur ce prince et sur ses ancetres.' _Siecle
+de Louis XV_, ch. 25.
+
+[558] 'I never heard him express any noble or benevolent sentiments, or
+discover any sorrow or compassion for the misfortunes of so many worthy
+men who had suffered in his cause. But the most odious part of his
+character is his love of money, a vice which I do not remember to have
+been imputed by our historians to any of his ancestors, and is the
+certain index of a base and little mind. I have known this gentleman,
+with 2000 Louis d'ors in his strong box, pretend he was in great
+distress, and borrow money from a lady in Paris, who was not in affluent
+circumstances.' Dr. W. King's _Anec._ p. 201. 'Lord Marischal,' writes
+Hume, 'had a very bad opinion of this unfortunate prince; and thought
+there was no vice so mean or atrocious of which he was not capable; of
+which he gave me several instances.' J. H. Burton's _Hume_, ii. 464.
+
+[559] _Siecle de Louis XIV_, ch. 15. The accentuation of this passage,
+which was very incorrect as quoted by Boswell, I have corrected.
+
+[560] By banishment he meant, I conjecture, transportation as a
+convict-slave to the American plantations.
+
+[561] Wesley in his _Journal_--the reference I have mislaid--seemed from
+this consideration almost to regret a reprieve that came to a
+penitent convict.
+
+[562] Hume describes how in 1753 (? 1750) the Pretender, on his secret
+visit to London, 'came to the house of a lady (who I imagined to be Lady
+Primrose) without giving her any preparatory information; and entered
+the room where she had a pretty large company with her, and was herself
+playing at cards. He was announced by the servant under another name.
+She thought the cards would have dropped from her hands on seeing him.
+But she had presence enough of mind to call him by the name he assumed.'
+J.H. Burton's _Hume_, ii. 462. Mr. Croker (Croker's _Boswell_, p. 331)
+prints an autograph letter from Flora Macdonald which shows that Lady
+Primrose in 1751 had lodged L627 in a friend's hands for her behoof, and
+that she had in view to add more.
+
+[563] It seems that the Pretender was only once in London, and that it
+was in 1750. _Ante_, i. 279, note 5. I suspect that 1759 is Boswell's
+mistake or his printer's. From what Johnson goes on to say it is clear
+that George II. was in Germany at the time of the Prince's secret visit.
+He was there the greater part of 1750, but not in 1753 or 1759. In 1750,
+moreover, 'the great army of the King of Prussia overawed Hanover.'
+Smollett's _England_, iii. 297. This explains what Johnson says about
+the King of Prussia stopping the army in Germany.
+
+[564] See _ante_, iv. 165, 170.
+
+[565] COMMENTARIES on the laws of England, book 1. chap. 3. BOSWELL.
+
+[566] B. VI. chap. 3. Since I have quoted Mr. Archdeacon Paley upon one
+subject, I cannot but transcribe, from his excellent work, a
+distinguished passage in support of the Christian Revelation.--After
+shewing, in decent but strong terms, the unfairness of the _indirect_
+attempts of modern infidels to unsettle and perplex religious
+principles, and particularly the irony, banter, and sneer, of one whom
+he politely calls 'an eloquent historian,' the archdeacon thus expresses
+himself:--
+
+'Seriousness is not constraint of thought; nor levity, freedom. Every
+mind which wishes the advancement of truth and knowledge, in the most
+important of all human researches, must abhor this licentiousness, as
+violating no less the laws of reasoning than the rights of decency.
+There is but one description of men to whose principles it ought to be
+tolerable. I mean that class of reasoners who can see _little_ in
+christianity even supposing it to be true. To such adversaries we
+address this reflection.--Had _Jesus Christ_ delivered no other
+declaration than the following, "The hour is coming in the which all
+that are in the graves shall hear his voice, and shall come forth,--they
+that have done well [good] unto the resurrection of life, and they that
+have done evil unto the resurrection of damnation," [_St. John_ v. 25]
+he had pronounced a message of inestimable importance, and well worthy
+of that splendid apparatus of prophecy and miracles with which his
+mission was introduced and attested:--a message in which the wisest of
+mankind would rejoice to find an answer to their doubts, and rest to
+their inquiries. It is idle to say that a future state had been
+discovered already.--It had been discovered as the Copernican System
+was;--it was one guess amongst many. He alone discovers who _proves_,
+and no man can prove this point but the teacher who testifies by
+miracles that his doctrine comes from GOD.'--Book V. chap. 9.
+
+If infidelity be disingenuously dispersed in every shape that is likely
+to allure, surprise, or beguile the imagination,--in a fable, a tale, a
+novel, a poem,--in books of travels, of philosophy, of natural
+history,--as Mr. Paley has well observed,--I hope it is fair in me thus
+to meet such poison with an unexpected antidote, which I cannot doubt
+will be found powerful. BOSWELL. The 'eloquent historian' was Gibbon.
+See Paley's _Principles_, ed. 1786, p. 395.
+
+[567] In _The Life of Johnson (ante_, iii. 113), Boswell quotes these
+words, without shewing that they are his own; but italicises not
+fervour, but loyalty.
+
+[568] 'Whose service is perfect freedom.' _Book of Common Prayer._
+
+[569] See _ante_, i. 353, note 1.
+
+[570] Ovid, _Ars Amatoria_, iii. 121.
+
+[571]
+
+     'This facile temper of the beauteous sex
+      Great Agamemnon, brave Pelides proved.'
+
+These two lines follow the four which Boswell quotes. _Agis_, act iv.
+
+[572] _Agis_, a tragedy, by John Home. BOSWELL.
+
+[573] See _ante_, p. 27.
+
+[574] A misprint, I suppose, for _designing_.
+
+[575] 'Next in dignity to the laird is the tacksman; a large taker or
+leaseholder of land, of which he keeps part as a domain in his own hand,
+and lets part to under-tenants. The tacksman is necessarily a man
+capable of securing to the laird the whole rent, and is commonly a
+collateral relation.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 82.
+
+[576] A _lettre de cachet_.
+
+[577] _Ante_, p. 159.
+
+[578] 'It is related that at Dunvegan Lady Macleod, having poured out
+for Dr. Johnson sixteen cups of tea, asked him if a small basin would
+not save him trouble, and be more agreeable. "I wonder, Madam," answered
+he roughly, "why all the ladies ask me such questions. It is to save
+yourselves trouble, Madam, and not me." The lady was silent and resumed
+her task.' Northcote's _Reynolds_, i. 81.
+
+[579] 'In the garden-or rather the orchard which was formerly the
+garden-is a pretty cascade, divided into two branches, and called Rorie
+More's Nurse, because he loved to be lulled to sleep by the sound of
+it.' Lockhart's _Scott_, iv. 304.
+
+[580] It has been said that she expressed considerable dissatisfaction
+at Dr. Johnson's rude behaviour at Dunvegan. Her grandson, the present
+Macleod, assures me that it was not so: 'they were all,' he says
+emphatically, '_delighted_ with him.' CROKER. Mr. Croker refers, I
+think, to a communication from Sir Walter Scott, published in the
+_Croker Corres_. ii. 33. Scott writes:--'When wind-bound at Dunvegan,
+Johnson's temper became most execrable, and beyond all endurance, save
+that of his guide. The Highlanders, who are very courteous in their way,
+held him in great contempt for his want of breeding, but had an idea at
+the same time there was something respectable about him, they could not
+tell what, and long spoke of him as the Sassenach _mohr_, or
+large Saxon.'
+
+[581] 'I long to be again in civilized life.' _Ante_, p. 183.
+
+[582] See _ante_, iii. 406.
+
+[583] Johnson refers, I think, to a passage in _L'Esprit des Lois_, Book
+xvi. chap. 4, where Montesquieu says:--'J'avoue que si ce que les
+relations nous disent etait vrai, qu'a Bantam il y a dix femmes pour un
+homme, ce serait un cas bien particulier de la polygamie. Dans tout ceci
+je ne justifie pas les usages, mais j'en rends les raisons.'
+
+[584] What my friend treated as so wild a supposition, has actually
+happened in the Western islands of Scotland, if we may believe Martin,
+who tells it of the islands of Col and Tyr-yi, and says that it is
+proved by the parish registers. BOSWELL. 'The Isle of Coll produces more
+boys than girls, and the Isle of Tire-iy more girls than boys; as if
+nature intended both these isles for mutual alliances, without being at
+the trouble of going to the adjacent isles or continent to be matched.
+The parish-book in which the number of the baptised is to be seen,
+confirms this observation.' Martin's _Western Islands,_ p. 271.
+
+[585] _A Dissertation on the Gout_, by W. Cadogan, M.D., 1771. It went
+through nine editions in its first year.
+
+[586] This was a general reflection against Dr. Cadogan, when his very
+popular book was first published. It was said, that whatever precepts he
+might give to others, he himself indulged freely in the bottle. But I
+have since had the pleasure of becoming acquainted with him, and, if his
+own testimony may be believed, (and I have never heard it impeached,)
+his course of life has been conformable to his doctrine. BOSWELL.
+
+[587] 'April 7, 1765. I purpose to rise at eight, because, though I
+shall not yet rise early, it will be much earlier than I now rise, for I
+often lie till two.' _Pr. and Med._ p. 62. 'Sept. 18, 1771. My nocturnal
+complaints grow less troublesome towards morning; and I am tempted to
+repair the deficiencies of the night. I think, however, to try to rise
+every day by eight, and to combat indolence as I shall obtain strength.'
+_Ib._ p. 105. 'April 14, 1775. As my life has from my earliest years
+been wasted in a morning bed, my purpose is from Easter day to rise
+early, not later than eight.' _Ib._ p. 139.
+
+[588] See _post_, Oct. 25.
+
+[589] See _ante_, iv. under Dec. 2, 1784.
+
+[590] Miss Mulso (Mrs. Chapone) wrote in 1753:--'I had the assurance to
+dispute with Mr. Johnson on the subject of human malignity, and wondered
+to hear a man, who by his actions shews so much benevolence, maintain
+that the human heart is naturally malevolent, and that all the
+benevolence we see in the few who are good is acquired by reason and
+religion.' _ Life of Mrs. Chapone_, p.73. See _post_, p. 214.
+
+[591] This act was passed in 1746.
+
+[592] _Isaiah_, ii. 4.
+
+[593] Sir Walter Scott, after mentioning Lord Orford's (Horace Walpole)
+_History of His Own Time_, continues:--'The Memoirs of our Scots Sir
+George Mackenzie are of the same class--both immersed in little
+political detail, and the struggling skirmish of party, seem to have
+lost sight of the great progressive movements of human affairs.'
+Lockhart's _Scott_ vii. 12.
+
+[594] 'Illum jura potius ponere quam de jure respondere dixisses; eique
+appropinquabant clientes tanquam judici potius quam advocato.'
+Mackenzie's _Works_, ed. 1716, vol. i. part 2, p. 7.
+
+[595] 'Opposuit ei providentia Nisbetum: qui summa doctrina
+consummataque eloquentia causas agebat, ut justitiae scalae in
+aequilibrio essent; nimia tamen arte semper utens artem suam suspectam
+reddebat. Quoties ergo conflixerunt, penes Gilmorum gloria, penes
+Nisbetum palma fuit; quoniam in hoc plus artis et cultus, in illo
+naturae et virium.' _Ib._
+
+[596] He often indulged himself in every species of pleasantry and wit.
+BOSWELL.
+
+[597] But like the hawk, having soared with a lofty flight to a height
+which the eye could not reach, he was wont to swoop upon his quarry with
+wonderful rapidity. BOSWELL. These two quotations are part of the same
+paragraph, and are not even separated by a word. _Ib._ p. 6.
+
+[598] See _ante_, i. 453; iii. 323; iv. 276; and v. 32.
+
+[599] Some years later he said that 'when Burke lets himself down to
+jocularity he is in the kennel.' _Ante_, iv. 276.
+
+[600] Cicero and Demosthenes, no doubt, were brought in by the passage
+about Nicholson. Mackenzie continues:--'Hic primus nos a Syllogismorum
+servitute manumisit et Aristotelem Demostheni potius quam Ciceroni forum
+concedere coegit.' P. 6.
+
+[601] See _ante_ ii. 435 and iv. 149, note 3.
+
+[602] See _ante_, i. 103.
+
+[603] See _ante_ ii 436
+
+[604] See _ante_, i. 65.
+
+[605] On Sept. 13, 1777, Johnson wrote:--'Boswell shrinks from the
+Baltick expedition, which, I think, is the best scheme in our power.'
+_Ante_, iii. 134, note 1.
+
+[606] See _ante_, ii. 59, note 1.
+
+[607] See _ante_, iii. 368.
+
+[608] 'Every man wishes to be wise, and they who cannot be wise are
+almost always cunning ... nor is caution ever so necessary as with
+associates or opponents of feeble minds.' _The Idler_, No. 92. In a
+letter to Dr. Taylor Johnson says:--'To help the ignorant commonly
+requires much patience, for the ignorant are always trying to be
+cunning.' _Notes and Queries_, 6th S. v. 462. Churchill, in _The
+Journey_ (_Poems_, ed. 1766, ii. 327), says:--
+
+     ''Gainst fools be guarded; 'tis a certain rule,
+      Wits are safe things, there's danger in a fool.'
+
+
+[609] See _ante_, p. 173.
+
+[610]
+
+     'For thee we dim the eyes, and stuff the head
+      With all such reading as was never read;
+      For thee explain a thing till all men doubt it,
+      And  write   about  it,  goddess, and about it.'
+
+_The Dunciad_, iv. 249.
+
+[611] Genius is chiefly exerted in historical pictures; and the art of
+the painter of portraits is often lost in the obscurity of his subject.
+But it is in painting as in life; what is greatest is not always best. I
+should grieve to see Reynolds transfer to heroes and to goddesses, to
+empty splendour and to airy fiction, that art which is now employed in
+diffusing friendship, in reviving tenderness, in quickening the
+affections of the absent, and continuing the presence of the dead.' _The
+Idler_, No. 45. 'Southey wrote thirty years later:--'I find daily more
+and more reason to wonder at the miserable ignorance of English
+historians, and to grieve with a sort of despondency at seeing how much
+that has been laid up among the stores of knowledge has been neglected
+and utterly forgotten.' Southey's _Life_, ii. 264. On another occasion
+he said of Robertson:--'To write his introduction to _Charles V_,
+without reading these _Laws_ [the _Laws_ of Alonso the Wise], is one of
+the thousand and one omissions for which he ought to be called rogue, as
+long as his volumes last. _Ib_. p. 318
+
+[612]
+
+     'That eagle's fate and mine are one,
+      Which on the shaft that made him die,
+      Espy'd a feather of his own,
+      Wherewith he wont to soar so high.'
+      _Epistle to a Lady._
+
+Anderson's _Poets_, v. 480.
+
+[613] See _ante_, iii. 271.
+
+[614] 'In England there may be reason for raising the rents (in a
+certain degree) where the value of lands is increased by accession of
+commerce, ...but here (contrary to all policy) the great men begin at
+the wrong end, with squeezing the bag, before they have helped the poor
+tenant to fill it; by the introduction of manufactures.' Pennant's
+_Scotland_, ed. 1772, p. 191.
+
+[615] Boswell refers, not to a passage in _Pennant_, but to Johnson's
+admission that in his dispute with Monboddo, 'he might have taken the
+side of the savage, had anybody else taken the side of the shopkeeper.'
+_Ante_, p. 83.
+
+[616] 'Boswell, with some of his troublesome kindness, has informed this
+family and reminded me that the 18th of September is my birthday. The
+return of my birthday, if I remember it, fills me with thoughts which it
+seems to be the general care of humanity to escape.' _Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 134. See _ante_, iii. 157.
+
+[617] 'At Dunvegan I had tasted lotus, and was in danger of forgetting
+that I was ever to depart, till Mr. Boswell sagely reproached me with my
+sluggishness and softness.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 67.
+
+[618] Johnson wrote of the ministers:--'I saw not one in the islands
+whom I had reason to think either deficient in learning, or irregular in
+life; but found several with whom I could not converse without wishing,
+as my respect increased, that they had not been Presbyterians.' _Ib_.
+p. 102.
+
+[619] See _ante_, p. 142.
+
+[620] See _ante_, ii. 28.
+
+[621]
+
+     'So horses they affirm to be
+      Mere engines made by geometry,
+      And were invented first from engines,
+      As Indian Britons were from penguins.'
+
+_Hudibras_, part i. canto 2, line 57. Z. Gray, in a note on these lines,
+quotes Selden's note on Drayton's _Polyolbion_:--'About the year 1570,
+Madoc, brother to David Ap Owen, Prince of Wales, made a sea-voyage to
+Florida; and by probability those names of Capo de Breton in Norimberg,
+and Penguin in part of the Northern America, for a white rock and a
+white-headed bird, according to the British, were relicts of this
+discovery.'
+
+[622] Published in Edinburgh in 1763.
+
+[623] See ante, ii. 76. 'Johnson used to say that in all family disputes
+the odds were in favour of the husband from his superior knowledge of
+life and manners.' Johnson's Works (1787), xi. 210.
+
+[624] He wrote to Dr. Taylor:--' Nature has given women so much power
+that the law has very wisely given them little.' _Notes and Queries_,
+6th S. v. 342.
+
+[625] As I have faithfully recorded so many minute particulars, I hope I
+shall be pardoned for inserting so flattering an encomium on what is now
+offered to the publick. BOSWELL.
+
+[626] See _ante_, iv. 109, note 1.
+
+[627] 'The islanders of all degrees, whether of rank or understanding,
+universally admit it, except the ministers, who universally deny it, and
+are suspected to deny it in consequence of a system, against
+conviction.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 106.
+
+[628] The true story of this lady, which happened in this century, is as
+frightfully romantick as if it had been the fiction of a gloomy fancy.
+She was the wife of one of the Lords of Session in Scotland, a man of
+the very first blood of his country. For some mysterious reasons, which
+have never been discovered, she was seized and carried off in the dark,
+she knew not by whom, and by nightly journeys was conveyed to the
+Highland shores, from whence she was transported by sea to the remote
+rock of St. Kilda, where she remained, amongst its few wild inhabitants,
+a forlorn prisoner, but had a constant supply of provisions, and a woman
+to wait on her. No inquiry was made after her, till she at last found
+means to convey a letter to a confidential friend, by the daughter of a
+Catechist, who concealed it in a clue of yarn. Information being thus
+obtained at Edinburgh, a ship was sent to bring her off; but
+intelligence of this being received, she was conveyed to M'Leod's island
+of Herries, where she died.
+
+In CARSTARE'S STATE PAPERS we find an authentick narrative of Connor
+[Conn], a catholick priest, who turned protestant, being seized by some
+of Lord Seaforth's people, and detained prisoner in the island of
+Herries several years; he was fed with bread and water, and lodged in a
+house where he was exposed to the rains and cold. Sir James Ogilvy
+writes (June 18, 1667 [1697]), that the Lord Chancellor, the Lord
+Advocate, and himself, were to meet next day, to take effectual methods
+to have this redressed. Connor was then still detained; p. 310.--This
+shews what private oppression might in the last century be practised in
+the Hebrides.
+
+In the same collection [in a letter dated Sept. 15, 1700], the Earl of
+Argyle gives a picturesque account of an embassy from the _great_ M'Neil
+_of Barra_, as that insular Chief used to be denominated:--'I received a
+letter yesterday from M'Neil of Barra, who lives very far off, sent by a
+gentleman in all formality, offering his service, which had made you
+laugh to see his entry. His style of his letter runs as if he were of
+another kingdom.'--Page 643 [648]. BOSWELL.
+
+Sir Walter Scott says:--'I have seen Lady Grange's Journal. She had
+become privy to some of the Jacobite intrigues, in which her husband,
+Lord Grange (an Erskine, brother of the Earl of Mar, and a Lord of
+Session), and his family were engaged. Being on indifferent terms with
+her husband, she is said to have thrown out hints that she knew as much
+as would cost him his life. The judge probably thought with Mrs.
+Peachum, that it is rather an awkward state of domestic affairs, when
+the wife has it in her power to hang the husband. Lady Grange was the
+more to be dreaded, as she came of a vindictive race, being the
+grandchild [according to Mr. Chambers, the child] of that Chiesley of
+Dalry, who assassinated Sir George Lockhart, the Lord President. Many
+persons of importance in the Highlands were concerned in removing her
+testimony. The notorious Lovat, with a party of his men, were the direct
+agents in carrying her off; and St. Kilda, belonging then to Macleod,
+was selected as the place of confinement. The name by which she was
+spoken or written of was _Corpach_, an ominous distinction,
+corresponding to what is called _subject_ in the lecture-room of an
+anatomist, or _shot_ in the slang of the Westport murderers' [Burke and
+Hare]. Sir Walter adds that 'it was said of M'Neil of Barra, that when
+he dined, his bagpipes blew a particular strain, intimating that all the
+world might go to dinner.' Croker's _Boswell_, p. 341.
+
+[629] I doubt the justice of my fellow-traveller's remark concerning the
+French literati, many of whom, I am told, have considerable merit in
+conversation, as well as in their writings. That of Monsieur de Buffon,
+in particular, I am well assured, is highly instructive and
+entertaining. BOSWELL. See _ante_, iii. 253.
+
+[630] Horace Walpole, writing of 1758, says:--'Prize-fighting, in which
+we had horribly resembled the most barbarous and most polite nations,
+was suppressed by the legislature.' _Memoirs of the Reign of George II_,
+iii. 99. According to Mrs. Piozzi (_Anec._ p. 5), Johnson said that his
+'father's brother, Andrew, kept the ring in Smithfield (where they
+wrestled and boxed) for a whole year, and never was thrown or conquered.
+Mr. Johnson was,' she continues, 'very conversant in the art of boxing.'
+She had heard him descant upon it 'much to the admiration of those who
+had no expectation of his skill in such matters.'
+
+[631] See _ante_, ii. 179, 226, and iv. 211.
+
+[632] See _ante_, p. 98.
+
+[633] See _ante_, i, 110.
+
+[634] See _ante_, i. 398, and ii. 15, 35, 441.
+
+[635] Gibbon, thirteen years later, writing to Lord Sheffield about the
+commercial treaty with France, said (_Misc. Works_, ii. 399):--'I hope
+both nations are gainers; since otherwise it cannot be lasting; and such
+double mutual gain is surely possible in fair trade, though it could not
+easily happen in the mischievous amusements of war and gaming.'
+
+[636] Johnson (_Works_, viii. 139), writing of gratitude and resentment,
+says:--'Though there are few who will practise a laborious virtue,
+there will never be wanting multitudes that will indulge an easy vice.'
+
+[637] _Aul. Gellius_, lib. v. c. xiv. BOSWELL.
+
+[638] 'The difficulties in princes' business are many and great; but the
+greatest difficulty is often in their own mind. For it is common with
+princes, saith Tacitus, to will contradictories. _Sunt plerumque regum
+voluntates vehementes, et inter se contrariae_. For it is the solecism
+of power to think to command the end, and yet not to endure the mean.'
+Bacon's _Essays_, No. xix.
+
+[639] Yet Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale on Sept. 30:--'I am now no longer
+pleased with the delay; you can hear from me but seldom, and I cannot at
+all hear from you. It comes into my mind that some evil may happen.'
+_Piozzi Letters_, i. 148. On Oct. 15 he wrote to Mr. Thrale:--'Having
+for many weeks had no letter, my longings are very great to be informed
+how all things are at home, as you and mistress allow me to call it....
+I beg to have my thoughts set at rest by a letter from you or my
+mistress.' _Ib_. p. 166. See _ante_, iii. 4.
+
+[640] Sir Walter Scott thus describes Dunvegan in 1814:--'The whole
+castle occupies a precipitous mass of rock overhanging the lake, divided
+by two or three islands in that place, which form a snug little harbour
+under the walls. There is a court-yard looking out upon the sea,
+protected by a battery, at least a succession of embrasures, for only
+two guns are pointed, and these unfit for service. The ancient entrance
+rose up a flight of steps cut in the rock, and passed into this
+court-yard through a portal, but this is now demolished. You land under
+the castle, and walking round find yourself in front of it. This was
+originally inaccessible, for a brook coming down on the one side, a
+chasm of the rocks on the other, and a ditch in front, made it
+impervious. But the late Macleod built a bridge over the stream, and the
+present laird is executing an entrance suitable to the character of this
+remarkable fortalice, by making a portal between two advanced towers,
+and an outer court, from which he proposes to throw a draw-bridge over
+to the high rock in front of the castle.' Lockhart's _Scott_, ed.
+1839, iv. 303.
+
+[641]
+
+     'Bella gerant alii; tu, felix Austria, nube;
+      Quae dat Mars aliis, dat tibi regna Venus.'
+
+
+
+[642] Johnson says of this castle:--'It is so nearly entire, that it
+might have easily been made habitable, were there not an ominous
+tradition in the family, that the owner shall not long outlive the
+reparation. The grandfather of the present laird, in defiance of
+prediction, began the work, but desisted in a little time, and applied
+his money to worse uses.' _Works_, ix. 64.
+
+[643] Macaulay (_Essays_, ed. 1843, i. 365) ends a lively piece of
+criticism on Mr. Croker by saying:--'It requires no Bentley or Casaubon
+to perceive that Philarchus is merely a false spelling for Phylarchus,
+the chief of a tribe.'
+
+[644] See _ante_, i. 180.
+
+[645] Sir Walter Scott wrote in 1814:--'The monument is now nearly
+ruinous, and the inscription has fallen down.' Lockhart's _Scott_,
+iv. 308.
+
+[646] 'Wheel carriages they have none, but make a frame of timber, which
+is drawn by one horse, with the two points behind pressing on the
+ground. On this they sometimes drag home their sheaves, but often convey
+them home in a kind of open pannier, or frame of sticks, upon the
+horse's back.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 76. 'The young Laird of Col has
+attempted what no islander perhaps ever thought on. He has begun a road
+capable of a wheel-carriage. He has carried it about a mile.' _Ib_.
+p. 128.
+
+[647] Captain Phipps had sailed in May of this year, and in the
+neighbourhood of Spitzbergen had reached the latitude of more than 80 deg..
+He returned to England in the end of September. _Gent. Mag_. 1774,
+p. 420.
+
+[648] _Aeneid_, vi. II.
+
+[649] 'In the afternoon, an interval of calm sunshine courted us out to
+see a cave on the shore, famous for its echo. When we went into the
+boat, one of our companions was asked in Erse by the boatmen, who they
+were that came with him. He gave us characters, I suppose to our
+advantage, and was asked, in the spirit of the Highlands, whether I
+could recite a long series of ancestors. The boatmen said, as I
+perceived afterwards, that they heard the cry of an English ghost. This,
+Boswell says, disturbed him.... There was no echo; such is the fidelity
+of report.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 156.
+
+[650] '_Law_ or _low_ signifies a hill: _ex. gr._ Wardlaw, guard hill,
+Houndslow, the dog's hill.' Blackie's _Etymological Geography_, p. 103.
+
+[651] Pepys often mentions them. At first he praises them highly, but of
+one of the later ones--_Tryphon_--he writes:--'The play, though
+admirable, yet no pleasure almost in it, because just the very same
+design, and words, and sense, and plot, as every one of his plays have,
+any one of which would be held admirable, whereas so many of the same
+design and fancy do but dull one another.' Pepys's _Diary_, ed. 1851,
+v. 63.
+
+[652] The second and third earls are passed over by Johnson. It was the
+fourth earl who, as Charles Boyle, had been Bentley's antagonist. Of
+this controversy a full account is given in Lord Macaulay's _Life of
+Atterbury_.
+
+[653] The fifth earl, John. See _ante_, i. 185, and iii. 249.
+
+[654] See _ante_, i. 9, and iii. 154.
+
+[655] See _ante_, ii. 129, and iii. 183.
+
+[656] The young lord was married on the 8th of May, 1728, and the
+father's will is dated the 6th of Nov. following. 'Having,' says the
+testator, 'never observed that my son hath showed much taste or
+inclination, either for the entertainment or knowledge which study and
+learning afford, I give and bequeath all my books and mathematical
+instruments [with certain exceptions] to Christchurch College, in
+Oxford.' CROKER.
+
+[657] His _Life of Swift_ is written in the form of _Letters to his Son,
+the Hon. Hamilton Boyle._ The fifteenth Letter, in which he finishes his
+criticism of _Gulliver's Travels_, affords a good instance of this
+'studied variety of phrase.' 'I may finish my letter,' he writes,
+'especially as the conclusion of it naturally turns my thoughts from
+Yahoos to one of the dearest pledges I have upon earth, yourself, to
+whom I am a most
+
+     Affectionate Father,
+
+     'ORRERY.'
+
+See _ante_, i. 275-284, for Johnson's letters to Thomas Warton, many of
+which end 'in studied varieties of phrase.'
+
+[658] _The Conquest of Granada_ was dedicated to the Duke of York. The
+conclusion is as follows:--'If at any time Almanzor fulfils the parts of
+personal valour and of conduct, of a soldier and of a general; or, if I
+could yet give him a character more advantageous that what he has, of
+the most unshaken friend, the greatest of subjects, and the best of
+masters; I should then draw all the world a true resemblance of your
+worth and virtues; at least as far as they are capable of being copied
+by the mean abilities of,
+
+'Sir,
+
+'Your Royal Highness's
+
+'Most humble, and most
+
+'Obedient servant,
+
+'J. DRYDEN.'
+
+[659] On the day of his coronation he was asked to pardon four young men
+who had broken the law against carrying arms. 'So long as I live,' he
+replied, 'every criminal must die.' 'He was inexorable in individual
+cases; he adhered to his laws with a rigour that amounted to cruelty,
+while in the framing of general rules we find him mild, yielding, and
+placable.' Ranke's _Popes_, ed. 1866, i. 307, 311.
+
+[660] See _ante_, iii. 239, where he discusses the question of shooting
+a highwayman.
+
+[661] In _The Rambler_, No. 78, he says:--'I believe men may be
+generally observed to grow less tender as they advance in age.'
+
+[662] He passed over his own _Life of Savage_.
+
+[663] 'When I was a young fellow, I wanted to write the _Life of Dryden'
+Ante_, iii. 71.
+
+[664] See _ante_, p. 117.
+
+[665] 'I asked a very learned minister in Sky, who had used all arts to
+make me believe the genuineness of the book, whether at last he believed
+it himself; but he would not answer. He wished me to be deceived for the
+honour of his country; but would not directly and formally deceive me.
+Yet has this man's testimony been publickly produced, as of one that
+held _Fingal_ to be the work of Ossian.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 115.
+
+[666] A young lady had sung to him an Erse song. He asked her, 'What is
+that about? I question if she conceived that I did not understand it.
+For the entertainment of the company, said she. But, Madam, what is the
+meaning of it? It is a love song. This was all the intelligence that I
+could obtain; nor have I been able to procure the translation of a
+single line of Erse.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 146. See _post_, Oct. 16
+
+[667] This droll quotation, I have since found, was from a song in
+honour of the Earl of Essex, called _Queen Elisabeth's Champion_, which
+is preserved in a collection of Old Ballads, in three volumes, published
+in London in different years, between 1720 and 1730. The full verse is
+as follows:--
+
+     'Oh! then bespoke the prentices all,
+      Living in London, both proper and tall,
+      In a kind letter sent straight to the Queen,
+      For Essex's sake they would fight all.
+          Raderer too, tandaro te,
+          Raderer, tandorer, tan do re.'
+
+BOSWELL.
+
+[668] La Condamine describes a tribe called the Tameos, on the north
+side of the river Tiger in South America, who have a word for _three_.
+He continues:--'Happily for those who have transactions with them,
+their arithmetic goes no farther. The Brazilian tongue, a language
+spoken by people less savage, is equally barren; the people who speak
+it, where more than three is to be expressed, are obliged to use the
+Portuguese.' Pinkerton's _Voyages_, xiv. 225.
+
+[669] 'It was Addison's practice, when he found any man invincibly
+wrong, to flatter his opinions by acquiescence, and sink him yet deeper
+in absurdity. This artifice of mischief was admired by Stella; and Swift
+seems to approve her admiration.' Johnson's _Works_, vii. 450. Swift, in
+his _Character of Mrs. Johnson _ (Stella), says:--'Whether this
+proceeded from her easiness in general, or from her indifference to
+persons, or from her despair of mending them, or from the same practice
+which she much liked in Mr. Addison, I cannot determine; but when she
+saw any of the company very warm in a wrong opinion, she was more
+inclined to confirm them in it than oppose them. The excuse she commonly
+gave, when her friends asked the reason, was, "That it prevented noise
+and saved time." Swift's _Works_, xiv. 254.
+
+[670] In the Appendix to Blair's _Critical Dissertation on the Poems of
+Ossian_ Macqueen is mentioned as one of his authorities for his
+statements.
+
+[671] See _ante_, iv. 262, note.
+
+[672] I think it but justice to say, that I believe Dr. Johnson meant to
+ascribe Mr. M'Queen's conduct to inaccuracy and enthusiasm, and did not
+mean any severe imputation against him. BOSWELL.
+
+[673] In Baretti's trial (_ante_, ii. 97, note I) he seems to have given
+his evidence clearly. What he had to say, however, was not much.
+
+[674] Boswell had spoken before to Johnson about this omission. _Ante_,
+ii. 92.
+
+[675] It has been triumphantly asked, 'Had not the plays of Shakspeare
+lain dormant for many years before the appearance of Mr. Garrick? Did he
+not exhibit the most excellent of them frequently for thirty years
+together, and render them extremely popular by his own inimitable
+performance?' He undoubtedly did. But Dr. Johnson's assertion has been
+misunderstood. Knowing as well as the objectors what has been just
+stated, he must necessarily have meant, that 'Mr. Garrick did not as _a
+critick_ make Shakspeare better known; he did not _illustrate_ any one
+_passage_ in any of his plays by acuteness of disquisition, or sagacity
+of conjecture: and what had been done with any degree of excellence in
+_that_ way was the proper and immediate subject of his preface. I may
+add in support of this explanation the following anecdote, related to me
+by one of the ablest commentators on Shakspeare, who knew much of Dr.
+Johnson: 'Now I have quitted the theatre, cries Garrick, I will sit down
+and read Shakspeare.' ''Tis time you should, exclaimed Johnson, for I
+much doubt if you ever examined one of his plays from the first scene to
+the last.' BOSWELL. According to Davies (_Life of Garrick_, i. 120)
+during the twenty years' management of Drury Lane by Booth, Wilks and
+Cibber (about 1712-1732) not more than eight or nine of Shakspeare's
+plays were acted, whereas Garrick annually gave the public seventeen or
+eighteen. _Romeo and Juliet_ had lain neglected near 80 years, when in
+1748-9 Garrick brought it out, or rather a hash of it. 'Otway had made
+some alteration in the catastrophe, which Mr. Garrick greatly improved
+by the addition of a scene, which was written with a spirit not unworthy
+of Shakespeare himself.' _Ib_. p. 125. Murphy (_Life of Garrick_, p.
+100), writing of this alteration, says:--'The catastrophe, as it now
+stands, is the most affecting in the whole compass of the drama.' Davies
+says (p. 20) that shortly before Garrick's time 'a taste for Shakespeare
+had been revived. The ladies had formed themselves into a society under
+the title of The Shakespeare Club. They bespoke every week some
+favourite play of his.' This revival was shown in the increasing number
+of readers of Shakespeare. It was in 1741 that Garrick began to act. In
+the previous sixteen years there had been published four editions of
+Pope's _Shakespeare_ and two of Theobald's. In the next ten years were
+published five editions of Hanmer's _Shakespeare_, and two of
+Warburton's, besides Johnson's _Observations on Macbeth. _Lowndes's
+_Bibl. Man._ ed. 1871, p. 2270.
+
+[676] In her foolish _Essay on Shakespeare_, p. 15. See _ante_, ii. 88.
+
+[677] No man has less inclination to controversy than I have,
+particularly with a lady. But as I have claimed, and am conscious of
+being entitled to credit for the strictest fidelity, my respect for the
+publick obliges me to take notice of an insinuation which tends to
+impeach it.
+
+Mrs. Piozzi (late Mrs. Thrale), to her _Anecdotes of Dr. Johnson_, added
+the following postscript:--
+
+'_Naples, Feb._ 10, 1786.
+
+'Since the foregoing went to the press, having seen a passage from Mr.
+Boswell's _Tour to the Hebrides,_ in which it is said, that _I could not
+get through Mrs. Montague's "Essay on Shakspeare,"_ I do not delay a
+moment to declare, that, on the contrary, I have always commended it
+myself, and heard it commended by every one else; and few things would
+give me more concern than to be thought incapable of tasting, or
+unwilling to testify my opinion of its excellence.'
+
+It is remarkable that this postscript is so expressed, as not to point
+out the person who said that Mrs. Thrale could not get through Mrs.
+Montague's book; and therefore I think it necessary to remind Mrs.
+Piozzi, that the assertion concerning her was Dr. Johnson's, and not
+mine. The second observation that I shall make on this postscript is,
+that it does not deny the fact asserted, though I must acknowledge from
+the praise it bestows on Mrs. Montague's book, it may have been designed
+to convey that meaning.
+
+What Mrs. Thrale's opinion is or was, or what she may or may not have
+said to Dr. Johnson concerning Mrs. Montague's book, it is not necessary
+for me to enquire. It is only incumbent on me to ascertain what Dr.
+Johnson said to me. I shall therefore confine myself to a very short
+state of the fact. The unfavourable opinion of Mrs. Montague's book,
+which Dr. Johnson, is here reported to have given, is, known to have
+been that which he uniformly expressed, as many of his friends well
+remember. So much, for the authenticity of the paragraph, as far as it
+relates to his own sentiments. The words containing the assertion, to
+which Mrs. Piozzi objects, are printed from my manuscript Journal, and
+were taken down at the time. The Journal was read by Dr. Johnson, who
+pointed out some inaccuracies, which I corrected, but did not mention
+any inaccuracy in the paragraph in question: and what is still more
+material, and very flattering to me, a considerable part of my Journal,
+containing this paragraph, _was read several years ago by, Mrs. Thrale
+herself _[see _ante_, ii. 383], who had it for some time in her
+possession, and returned it to me, without intimating that Dr. Johnson
+had mistaken her sentiments.
+
+When the first edition of my Journal was passing through the press, it
+occurred to me that a peculiar delicacy was necessary to be observed in
+reporting the opinion of one literary lady concerning the performance of
+another; and I had such scruples on that head, that in the proof sheet I
+struck out the name of Mrs. Thrale from the above paragraph, and two or
+three hundred copies of my book were actually printed and published
+without it; of these Sir Joshua Reynolds's copy happened to be one. But
+while the sheet was working off, a friend, for whose opinion I have
+great respect, suggested that I had no right to deprive Mrs. Thrale of
+the high honour which Dr. Johnson had done her, by stating her opinion
+along with that of Mr. Beauclerk, as coinciding with, and, as it were,
+sanctioning his own. The observation appeared to me so weighty and
+conclusive, that I hastened to the printing-house, and, as a piece of
+justice, restored Mrs. Thrale to that place from which a too scrupulous
+delicacy had excluded her. On this simple state of facts I shall make no
+observation whatever. BOSWELL. This note was first published in the form
+of a letter to the Editor of _The Gazetteer_ on April 17, 1786.
+
+[678] See _ante_, p. 215, for his knowledge of coining and brewing, and
+_post_, p. 263, for his knowledge of threshing and thatching. Now and
+then, no doubt, 'he talked ostentatiously,' as he had at Fort George
+about Gunpowder (_ante_, p. 124). In the _Gent. Mag._ for 1749, p. 55,
+there is a paper on the _Construction of Fireworks_, which I have little
+doubt is his. The following passage is certainly Johnsonian:--'The
+excellency of a rocket consists in the largeness of the train of fire it
+emits, the solemnity of its motion (which should be rather slow at
+first, but augmenting as it rises), the straightness of its flight, and
+the height to which it ascends.'
+
+[679] Perhaps Johnson refers to Stephen Hales's _Statical Essays_
+(London, 1733), in which is an account of experiments made on the blood
+and blood-vessels of animals.
+
+[680] Evidence was given at the Tichborne Trial to shew that it takes
+some years to learn the trade.
+
+[681] Not the very tavern, which was burned down in the great fire. P.
+CUNNINGHAM.
+
+[682] I do not see why I might not have been of this club without
+lessening my character. But Dr. Johnson's caution against supposing
+one's self concealed in London, may be very useful to prevent some
+people from doing many things, not only foolish, but criminal. BOSWELL.
+
+[683] See _ante_, iii. 318.
+
+[684] Johnson defines _airy_ as _gay, sprightly, full of mirth_, &c.
+
+[685] 'A man would be drowned by claret before it made him drunk.'
+_Ante_, iii. 381.
+
+[686] _Ante_, p. 137.
+
+[687] See _ante_ ii. 261.
+
+[688] Lord Chesterfield wrote in 1747 (_Misc. Works_, iv. 231):--
+Drinking is a most beastly vice in every country, but it is really a
+ruinous one to Ireland; nine gentlemen in ten in Ireland are
+impoverished by the great quantity of claret, which from mistaken
+notions of hospitality and dignity, they think it necessary should be
+drunk in their houses. This expense leaves them no room to improve their
+estates by proper indulgence upon proper conditions to their tenants,
+who must pay them to the full, and upon the very day, that they may pay
+their wine-merchants.' In 1754 he wrote (_ib._p.359):--If it would but
+please God by his lightning to blast all the vines in the world, and by
+his thunder to turn all the wines now in Ireland sour, as I most
+sincerely wish he would, Ireland would enjoy a degree of quiet and
+plenty that it has never yet known.'
+
+[689] See _ante_, p. 95.
+
+[690] 'The sea being broken by the multitude of islands does not roar
+with so much noise, nor beat the storm with such foamy violence as I
+have remarked on the coast of Sussex. Though, while I was in the
+Hebrides, the wind was extremely turbulent, I never saw very high
+billows.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 65.
+
+[691] Johnson this day thus wrote of Mr. M'Queen to Mrs. Thrale:--'You
+find that all the islanders even in these recesses of life are not
+barbarous. One of the ministers who has adhered to us almost all the
+time is an excellent scholar.' _Piozzi Letters,_ i. 157.
+
+[692] See _post_, Nov. 6.
+
+[693] This was a dexterous mode of description, for the purpose of his
+argument; for what he alluded to was, a Sermon published by the learned
+Dr. William Wishart, formerly principal of the college at Edinburgh, to
+warn men _against_ confiding in a death-bed _repentance_ of the
+inefficacy of which he entertained notions very different from those of
+Dr. Johnson. BOSWELL.
+
+[694] The Rev. Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. p. 441) thus writes of the
+English clergy whom he met at Harrogate in 1763:--'I had never seen so
+many of them together before, and between this and the following year I
+was able to form a true judgment of them. They are, in general--I mean
+the lower order--divided into bucks and prigs; of which the first,
+though inconceivably ignorant, and sometimes indecent in their morals,
+yet I held them to be most tolerable, because they were unassuming, and
+had no other affectation but that of behaving themselves like gentlemen.
+The other division of them, the prigs, are truly not to be endured, for
+they are but half learned, are ignorant of the world, narrow-minded,
+pedantic, and overbearing. And now and then you meet with a _rara avis_
+who is accomplished and agreeable, a man of the world without
+licentiousness, of learning without pedantry, and pious without
+sanctimony; but this _is_ a _rara avis_'.
+
+[695] See _ante_, i. 446, note 1.
+
+[696] Johnson defines _manage_ in this sense _to train a horse to
+graceful action_, and quotes Young:--
+
+     'They vault from hunters to the managed steed.'
+
+
+
+[697] Of Sir William Forbes of a later generation, Lockhart (_Life of
+Scott_, ix. 179) writes as follows:--'Sir William Forbes, whose
+banking-house was one of Messrs. Ballantyne's chief creditors, crowned
+his generous efforts for Scott's relief by privately paying the whole of
+Abud's demand (nearly L2000) out of his own pocket.'
+
+[698] This scarcity of cash still exists on the islands, in several of
+which five shilling notes are necessarily issued to have some
+circulating medium. If you insist on having change, you must purchase
+something at a shop. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[699] 'The payment of rent in kind has been so long disused in England
+that it is totally forgotten. It was practised very lately in the
+Hebrides, and probably still continues, not only in St. Kilda, where
+money is not yet known, but in others of the smaller and remoter
+islands.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 110.
+
+[700] 'A place where the imagination is more amused cannot easily be
+found. The mountains about it are of great height, with waterfalls
+succeeding one another so fast, that as one ceases to be heard another
+begins.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 157.
+
+[701] See _ante_, i. 159.
+
+[702] Johnson seems to be speaking of Hailes's _Memorials and Letters
+relating to the History of Britain in the reign of James I and of
+Charles I_.
+
+[703] See _ante_, ii. 341.
+
+[704] See _ante_, iii. 91.
+
+[705] 'In all ages of the world priests have been enemies to liberty,
+and it is certain that this steady conduct of theirs must have been
+founded on fixed reasons of interest and ambition. Liberty of thinking
+and of expressing our thoughts is always fatal to priestly power, and to
+those pious frauds on which it is commonly founded.... Hence it must
+happen in such a government as that of Britain, that the established
+clergy, while things are in their natural situation, will always be of
+the _Court_-party; as, on the contrary, dissenters of all kinds will be
+of the _Country_-party.' Hume's _Essays_, Part 1, No. viii.
+
+[706] In the original _Every island's but a prison._ The song is by a
+Mr. Coffey, and is given in Ritson's _English Songs_ (1813), ii. 122.
+It begins:--
+
+     'Welcome, welcome, brother debtor,
+         To this poor but merry place,
+      Where no bailiff, dun, nor setter,
+         Dares to show his frightful face.'
+
+See _ante_, iii. 269.
+
+[707] He wrote to Mrs. Thrale the day before (perhaps it was this day,
+and the copyist blundered):--' I am still in Sky. Do you remember
+the song--
+
+
+We have at one time no boat, and at another may have too much wind; but
+of our reception here we have no reason to complain.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 143.
+
+[708] My ingenuously relating this occasional instance of intemperance
+has I find been made the subject both of serious criticism and ludicrous
+banter. With the banterers I shall not trouble myself, but I wonder that
+those who pretend to the appellation of serious criticks should not have
+had sagacity enough to perceive that here, as in every other part of the
+present work, my principal object was to delineate Dr. Johnson's manners
+and character. In justice to him I would not omit an anecdote, which,
+though in some degree to my own disadvantage, exhibits in so strong a
+light the indulgence and good humour with which he could treat those
+excesses in his friends, of which he highly disapproved.
+
+In some other instances, the criticks have been equally wrong as to the
+true motive of my recording particulars, the objections to which I saw
+as clearly as they. But it would be an endless task for an authour to
+point out upon every occasion the precise object he has in view,
+Contenting himself with the approbation of readers of discernment and
+taste, he ought not to complain that some are found who cannot or will
+not understand him. BOSWELL.
+
+[709] In the original, 'wherein is excess.'
+
+[710] See Chappell's _Popular Music of the Olden Time_, i. 231.
+
+[711] See _ante_, iii. 383.
+
+[712] see _ante_, p. 184.
+
+[713] See _ante_, ii. 120, where he took upon his knee a young woman who
+came to consult him on the subject of Methodism.
+
+[714] See _ante_, pp. 215, 246.
+
+[715] See _ante_, iv. 176.
+
+[716]
+
+     'If ev'ry wheel of that unwearied mill
+      That turned ten thousand verses now stands still.'
+
+_Imitations of Horace, 2 Epis._ ii. 78.
+
+[717] _Ante_, p. 206.
+
+[718]
+
+     'Nescio qua natale solum dulcedine captos
+      Ducit.'--Ovid, _Ex Pont_. i. 3. 35.
+
+
+[719] Lift up your hearts.
+
+[720] Mr. Croker prints the following letter written to Macleod the day
+before:--
+
+     'Ostig, 28th Sept. 1773.
+
+'DEAR SIR,--We are now on the margin of the sea, waiting for a boat and
+a wind. Boswell grows impatient; but the kind treatment which I find
+wherever I go, makes me leave, with some heaviness of heart, an island
+which I am not very likely to see again. Having now gone as far as
+horses can carry us, we thankfully return them. My steed will, I hope,
+be received with kindness;--he has borne me, heavy as I am, over ground
+both rough and steep, with great fidelity; and for the use of him, as
+for your other favours, I hope you will believe me thankful, and
+willing, at whatever distance we may be placed, to shew my sense of your
+kindness, by any offices of friendship that may fall within my power.
+
+'Lady Macleod and the young ladies have, by their hospitality and
+politeness, made an impression on my mind, which will not easily be
+effaced. Be pleased to tell them, that I remember them with great
+tenderness, and great respect.--I am, Sir, your most obliged and most
+humble servant,
+
+'SAM. JOHNSON.'
+
+'P.S.--We passed two days at Talisker very happily, both by the
+pleasantness of the place and elegance of our reception.'
+
+[721] Johnson (_Works_, viii. 409), after describing how Shenstone laid
+out the Leasowes, continues:--'Whether to plant a walk in undulating
+curves, and to place a bench at every turn where there is an object to
+catch the view; to make water run where it will be heard, and to
+stagnate where it will be seen; to leave intervals where the eye will be
+pleased, and to thicken the plantation where there is something to be
+hidden, demands any great powers of mind, I will not inquire: perhaps a
+surly and sullen speculator may think such performances rather the sport
+than the business of human reason.'
+
+[722] Johnson quotes this and the two preceding stanzas as 'a passage,
+to which if any mind denies its sympathy, it has no acquaintance with
+love or nature.' _Ib_. p. 413.
+
+[723] 'His mind was not very comprehensive, nor his curiosity active; he
+had no value for those parts of knowledge which he had not himself
+cultivated.' _Ib._ p. 411.
+
+[724] In the preface to vol. iii. of Shenstone's _Works_, ed. 1773, a
+quotation is given (p. vi) from one of the poet's letters in which he
+complains of this burning. He writes:--'I look upon my Letters as some of
+my _chef-d'auvres_.' On p. 301, after mentioning _Rasselas_, he
+continues:--'Did I tell you I had a letter from Johnson, inclosing
+Vernon's _Parish-clerk_?'
+
+[725] 'The truth is these elegies have neither passion, nature, nor
+manners. Where there is fiction, there is no passion: he that describes
+himself as a shepherd, and his Neaera or Delia as a shepherdess, and
+talks of goats and lambs, feels no passion. He that courts his mistress
+with Roman imagery deserves to lose her; for she may with good reason
+suspect his sincerity.' Johnson's _Works_, viii. 91. See _ante_, iv. 17.
+
+[726] His lines on Pulteney, Earl of Bath, still deserve some fame:--
+
+     'Leave a blank here and there in each page
+      To enrol the fair deeds of his youth!
+      When you mention the acts of his age,
+      Leave a blank for his honour and truth.'
+
+From _The Statesman_, H. C. Williams's _Odes_, p. 47.
+
+[727] Hamlet, act ii. sc. 2.
+
+[728] He did not mention the name of any particular person; but those
+who are conversant with the political world will probably recollect more
+persons than one to whom this observation may be applied. BOSWELL. Mr.
+Croker thinks that Lord North was meant. For his ministry Johnson
+certainly came to have a great contempt (_ante_, iv. 139). If Johnson
+was thinking of him, he differed widely in opinion from Gibbon, who
+describes North as 'a consummate master of debate, who could wield with
+equal dexterity the arms of reason and of ridicule.' Gibbon's _Misc.
+Works_, i. 221. On May 2, 1775, he wrote:--' If they turned out Lord
+North to-morrow, they would still leave him one of the best companions
+in the kingdom.' _Ib._ ii. 135.
+
+[729] Horace Walpole is speaking of this work, when he wrote on May 16,
+1759 (_Letters_, iii. 227):--'Dr. Young has published a new book, on
+purpose, he says himself, to have an opportunity of telling a story that
+he has known these forty years. Mr. Addison sent for the young Lord
+Warwick, as he was dying, to shew him in what peace a Christian could
+die--unluckily he died of brandy--nothing makes a Christian die in
+peace like being maudlin! but don't say this in Gath, where you are.'
+
+[730] 'His [Young's] plan seems to have started in his mind at the
+present moment; and his thoughts appear the effect of chance, sometimes
+adverse, and sometimes lucky, with very little operation of judgment....
+His verses are formed by no certain model; he is no more like himself in
+his different productions than he is like others. He seems never to have
+studied prosody, nor to have had any direction but from his own ear. But
+with all his defects, he was a man of genius and a poet.' Johnson's
+_Works_, viii. 458, 462. Mrs. Piozzi (_Synonymy_, ii. 371) tells why
+'Dr. Johnson despised Young's quantity of common knowledge as
+comparatively small. 'Twas only because, speaking once upon the subject
+of metrical composition, he seemed totally ignorant of what are called
+rhopalick verses, from the Greek word, a club--verses in which each word
+must be a syllable longer than that which goes before, such as:
+
+     Spes deus aeternae stationis conciliator.'
+
+
+[731] He had said this before. _Ante_, ii. 96.
+
+[732]
+
+     'Brunetta's wise in actions great and rare,
+      But scorns on trifles to bestow her care.
+      Thus ev'ry hour Brunetta is to blame,
+      Because th' occasion is beneath her aim.
+      Think nought a trifle, though it small appear;
+      Small sands the mountains, moments make the year,
+      And trifles life. Your care to trifles give,
+      Or you may die before you truly live.'
+
+_Love of Fame_, Satire vi. Johnson often taught that life is made up of
+trifles. See _ante_, i. 433.
+
+[733]
+
+     "But hold," she cries, "lampooner, have a care;
+      Must I want common sense, because I'm fair?"
+      O no: see Stella; her eyes shine as bright,
+      As if her tongue was never in the right;
+      And yet what real learning, judgment, fire!
+      She seems inspir'd, and can herself inspire:
+      How then (if malice rul'd not all the fair)
+      Could Daphne publish, and could she forbear?
+      We grant that beauty is no bar to sense,
+      Nor is't a sanction for impertinence.
+
+_Love of Fame_, Satire v.
+
+[734] Johnson called on Young's son at Welwyn in June, 1781. _Ante_, iv.
+119. Croft, in his _Life of Young_ (Johnson's _Works_, viii. 453), says
+that 'Young and his housekeeper were ridiculed with more ill-nature than
+wit in a kind of novel published by Kidgell in 1755, called _The Card_,
+under the name of Dr. Elwes and Mrs. Fusby.'
+
+[735] _Memoirs of Philip Doddridge_, ed. 1766, p. 171.
+
+[736] So late as 1783 he said 'this Hanoverian family is isolee here.'
+_Ante_, iv. 165.
+
+[737] See _ante_, ii. 81, where he hoped that 'this gloom of infidelity
+was only a transient cloud.'
+
+[738] Boswell has recorded this saying, _ante_, iv. 194.
+
+[739] In 1755 an English version of this work had been published. _Gent.
+Mag_. 1755, p. 574. In the Chronological Catalogue on p. 343 in vol. 66
+of Voltaire's _Works_, ed. 1819, it is entered as _'Histoire de la
+Guerre de_ 1741, fondue en partie dans le _Precis du siecle de
+Louis XV_.'
+
+[740] Boswell is here merely repeating Johnson's words, who on April 11
+of this year, advising him to keep a journal, had said, 'The great thing
+to be recorded is the state of your own mind.' _Ante_, ii. 217.
+
+[741] This word is not in his _Dictionary_.
+
+[742] See _ante_, i. 498.
+
+[743] See _ante_, ii. 61, 335; iii. 375, and _post_, under Nov. 11.
+
+[744] Beattie had attacked Hume in his _Essay on Truth_ (_ante_, ii. 201
+and v. 29). Reynolds this autumn had painted Beattie in his gown of an
+Oxford Doctor of Civil Law, with his _Essay_ under his arm. 'The angel
+of Truth is going before him, and beating down the Vices, Envy,
+Falsehood, &c., which are represented by a group of figures falling at
+his approach, and the principal head in this group is made an exact
+likeness of Voltaire. When Dr. Goldsmith saw this picture, he was very
+indignant at it, and said:--"It very ill becomes a man of your eminence
+and character, Sir Joshua, to condescend to be a mean flatterer, or to
+wish to degrade so high a genius as Voltaire before so mean a writer as
+Dr. Beattie; for Dr. Beattie and his book together will, in the space of
+ten years, not be known ever to have been in existence, but your
+allegorical picture and the fame of Voltaire will live for ever to your
+disgrace as a flatterer."' Northcote's _Reynolds_, i. 300. Another of
+the figures was commonly said to be a portrait of Hume; but Forbes
+(_Life of Beattie_, ed. 1824, p. 158) says he had reason to believe that
+Sir Joshua had no thought either of Hume or Voltaire. Beattie's _Essay_
+is so much a thing of the past that Dr. J. H. Burton does not, I
+believe, take the trouble ever to mention it in his _Life of Hume_.
+Burns did not hold with Goldsmith, for he took Beattie's side:--
+
+     'Hence sweet harmonious Beattie sung
+               His _Minstrel_ lays;
+      Or tore, with noble ardour stung,
+               The _Sceptic's_ bays.'
+
+(_The Vision_, part ii.)
+
+[745] See _ante_, ii. 441.
+
+[746] William Tytler published in 1759 an _Examination of the Histories
+of Dr. Robertson and Mr. Hume with respect to Mary Queen of Scots_. It
+was reviewed by Johnson. _Ante_, i. 354.
+
+[747] Johnson's _Rasselas_ was published in either March or April, and
+Goldsmith's _Polite Learning_ in April of 1759.I do not find that they
+published any other works at the same time. If these are the works
+meant, we have a proof that the two writers knew each other earlier than
+was otherwise known.
+
+[748] 'A learned prelate accidentally met Bentley in the days of
+_Phalaris_; and after having complimented him on that noble piece of
+criticism (the _Answer_ to the Oxford Writers) he bad him not be
+discouraged at this run upon him, for tho' they had got the laughers on
+their side, yet mere wit and raillery could not long hold out against a
+work of so much merit. To which the other replied, "Indeed Dr. S.
+[Sprat], I am in no pain about the matter. For I hold it as certain,
+that no man was ever written out of reputation but by himself."'
+_Warburton on Pope_, iv. 159, quoted in Person's _Tracts_, p. 345.
+'Against personal abuse,' says Hawkins (_Life_, p. 348), 'Johnson was
+ever armed by a reflection that I have heard him utter:--"Alas!
+reputation would be of little worth, were it in the power of every
+concealed enemy to deprive us of it."' He wrote to Baretti:--'A man of
+genius has been seldom ruined but by himself.' _Ante_, i. 381. Voltaire
+in his _Essay Sur les inconveniens attaches a la Litterature_ (_Works_,
+ed. 1819, xliii. 173), after describing all that an author does to win
+the favour of the critics, continues:--'Tous vos soins n'empechent pas
+que quelque journaliste ne vous dechire. Vous lui repondez; il replique;
+vous avez un proces par ecrit devant le public, qui condamne les deux
+parties au ridicule.' See _ante_, ii. 61, note 4.
+
+[749] However advantageous attacks may be, the feelings with which they
+are regarded by authors are better described by Fielding when he
+says:--'Nor shall we conclude the injury done this way to be very
+slight, when we consider a book as the author's offspring, and indeed as
+the child of his brain. The reader who hath suffered his muse to
+continue hitherto in a virgin state can have but a very inadequate idea
+of this kind of paternal fondness. To such we may parody the tender
+exclamation of Macduff, "Alas! thou hast written no book."' _Tom Jones_,
+bk. xi. ch. 1.
+
+[750] It is strange that Johnson should not have known that the
+_Adventures of a Guinea_ was written by a namesake of his own, Charles
+Johnson. Being disqualified for the bar, which was his profession, by a
+supervening deafness, he went to India, and made some fortune, and died
+there about 1800. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[751] Salusbury, not Salisbury.
+
+[752] Horace Walpole (_Letters_, .ii 57) mentions in 1746 his cousin Sir
+John Philipps, of Picton Castle; 'a noted Jacobite.'... He thus mentions
+Lady Philipps in 1788 when she was 'very aged.' 'They have a favourite
+black, who has lived with them a great many years, and is remarkably
+sensible. To amuse Lady Philipps under a long illness, they had read to
+her the account of the Pelew Islands. Somebody happened to say we were
+sending a ship thither; the black, who was in the room, exclaimed, "Then
+there is an end of their happiness." What a satire on Europe!' _Ib_.
+ix. 157.
+
+Lady Philips was known to Johnson through Miss Williams, to whom, as a
+note in Croker's _Boswell_ (p. 74) shews, she made a small yearly
+allowance.
+
+[753] 'To teach the minuter decencies and inferiour duties, to regulate
+the practice of daily conversation, to correct those depravities which
+are rather ridiculous than criminal, and remove those grievances which,
+if they produce no lasting calamities, impress hourly vexation, was
+first attempted by Casa in his book of _Manners_, and Castiglione in his
+_Courtier_; two books yet celebrated in Italy for purity and elegance.'
+Johnson's _Works_, vii. 428. _The Courtier_ was translated into English
+so early as 1561. Lowndes's _Bibl. Man_. ed. 1871, p. 386.
+
+[754] Burnet (_History of His Own Time_, ii. 296) mentions Whitby among
+the persons who both managed and directed the controversial war' against
+Popery towards the end of Charles II's reign. 'Popery,' he says, 'was
+never so well understood by the nation as it came to be upon this
+occasion.' Whitby's Commentary _on the New Testament_ was published
+in 1703-9.
+
+[755] By Henry Mackenzie, the author of _The Man of Feeling. Ante_, i.
+360. It had been published anonymously this spring. The play of the same
+name is by Macklin. It was brought out in 1781.
+
+[756] No doubt Sir A. Macdonald. _Ante_, p. 148. This 'penurious
+gentleman' is mentioned again, p. 315.
+
+[757] Moliere's play of _L'Avare_.
+
+[758]
+
+     '...facit indignatio versum.'
+
+Juvenal, _Sat_. i. 79.
+
+[759] See _ante_, iii. 252.
+
+[760] He was sixty-four.
+
+[761] Still, perhaps, in the _Western Isles_, 'It may be we shall touch
+the Happy Isles.' Tennyson's _Ulysses._
+
+[762] See _ante_, ii, 51.
+
+[763] See _ante_, ii. 150.
+
+[764] Sir Alexander Macdonald.
+
+[765] 'To be or not to be: that is the question.' _Hamlet_, act iii. sc.
+1.
+
+[766] Virgil, _Eclogues_, iii. III.
+
+[767] 'The stormy Hebrides.' Milton's _Lycidas_, 1. 156.
+
+[768] Boswell was thinking of the passage (p. xxi.) in which Hawkesworth
+tells how one of Captain Cook's ships was saved by the wind falling.
+'If,' he writes, 'it was a natural event, providence is out of the
+question; at least we can with no more propriety say that providentially
+the wind ceased, than that providentially the sun rose in the morning.
+If it was not,' &c. According to Malone the attacks made on Hawkesworth
+in the newspapers for this passage 'affected him so much that from low
+spirits he was seized with a nervous fever, which on account of the high
+living he had indulged in had the more power on him; and he is supposed
+to have put an end to his life by intentionally taking an immoderate
+dose of opium.' Prior's _Malone_, p. 441. Mme. D'Arblay says that these
+attacks shortened his life. _Memoirs of Dr. Burney_, i. 278. He died on
+Nov. 17 of this year. See _ante_, i. 252, and ii. 247.
+
+[769] 'After having been detained by storms many days at Sky we left it,
+as we thought, with a fair wind; but a violent gust, which Bos had a
+great mind to call a tempest, forced us into Col.' _Piozzi Letters_, i.
+167. 'The wind blew against us in a short time with such violence, that
+we, being no seasoned sailors, were willing to call it a tempest... The
+master knew not well whither to go; and our difficulties might, perhaps,
+have filled a very pathetick page, had not Mr. Maclean of Col... piloted
+us safe into his own harbour.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 117. Sir Walter
+Scott says, 'Their risque, in a sea full of islands, was very
+considerable. Indeed, the whole expedition was highly perilous,
+considering the season of the year, the precarious chance of getting
+sea-worthy boats, and the ignorance of the Hebrideans, who,
+notwithstanding the opportunities, I may say the _necessities_, of their
+situation, are very careless and unskilful sailors.' Croker's
+_Boswell_, p. 362.
+
+[770] For as the tempest drives, I shape my way. FRANCIS. [Horace,
+_Epistles_, i. 1. 15.] BOSWELL.
+
+[771]
+
+     'Imberbus juvenis, tandem custode remoto,
+      Gaudet equis canibusque, et aprici gramine campi.'
+     'The youth, whose will no froward tutor bounds,
+      Joys in the sunny field, his horse and hounds.'
+
+FRANCIS. Horace, _Ars Poet_. 1. 161.
+
+[772] _Henry VI_, act i. sc. 2.
+
+[773] See _ante_, i. 468, and iii. 306.
+
+[774] Johnson describes him as 'a gentleman who has lived some time in
+the East Indies, but, having dethroned no nabob, is not too rich to
+settle in his own country.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 117.
+
+[775] This curious exhibition may perhaps remind some of my readers of
+the ludicrous lines, made, during Sir Robert Walpole's administration,
+on Mr. George (afterwards Lord) Lyttelton, though the figures of the two
+personages must be allowed to be very different:--
+
+     'But who is this astride the pony;
+      So long, so lean, so lank, so bony?
+      Dat be de great orator, Littletony.'
+
+BOSWELL.
+
+These lines were beneath a caricature called _The Motion_, described by
+Horace Walpole in his letter of March 25, 1741, and said by Mr.
+Cunningham to be 'the earliest good political caricature that we
+possess.' Walpole's _Letters_, i. 66. Mr. Croker says that 'the exact
+words are:--
+
+     bony? O he be de great orator Little-Tony.'
+
+[776] See _ante_, ii. 213.
+
+[777] In 1673 Burnet, who was then Professor of Theology in Glasgow,
+dedicated to Lauderdale _A Vindication of the Authority, &c., of the
+Church and State of Scotland_. In it he writes of the Duke's 'noble
+character, and more lasting and inward characters of his princely mind.'
+
+[778] See _ante_, i. 450.
+
+[779] See _ante_, p. 250.
+
+[780] 'Others have considered infinite space as the receptacle, or
+rather the habitation of the Almighty; but the noblest and most exalted
+way of considering this infinite space, is that of Sir Isaac Newton, who
+calls it the _sensorium_ of the Godhead. Brutes and men have their
+_sensoriola_, or little _sensoriums_, by which they apprehend the
+presence, and perceive the actions, of a few objects that lie contiguous
+to them. Their knowledge and observation turn within a very narrow
+circle. But as God Almighty cannot but perceive and know everything in
+which he resides, infinite space gives room to infinite knowledge, and
+is, as it were, an organ to Omniscience.' Addison, _The Spectator_,
+No. 565.
+
+[781] 'Le celebre philosophe Leibnitz ... attaqua ces expressions du
+philosophe anglais, dans une lettre qu'il ecrivit en 1715 a la feue
+reine d'Angleterre, epouse de George II. Cette princesse, digne d'etre
+en commerce avec Leibnitz et Newton, engagea une dispute reglee par
+lettres entre les deux parties. Mais Newton, ennemi de toute dispute et
+avare de son temps, laissa le docteur Clarke, son disciple en physique,
+et pour le moins son egal en metaphysique, entrer pour lui dans la lice.
+La dispute roula sur presque toutes les idees metaphysiques de Newton,
+et c'est peut-etre le plus beau monument que nous ayons des combats
+litteraires.' Voltaire's _Works_, ed. 1819, xxviii. 44.
+
+[782] See _ante_, iii. 248.
+
+[783] See _ante_, iv. 295, where Boswell asked Johnson 'if he would not
+have done more good if he had been more gentle.' JOHNSON. 'No, Sir; I
+have done more good as I am. Obscenity and impiety have always been
+repressed in my company.'
+
+[784] 'Mr. Maclean has the reputation of great learning: he is
+seventy-seven years old, but not infirm, with a look of venerable
+dignity, excelling what I remember in any other man. His conversation
+was not unsuitable to his appearance. I lost some of his good will by
+treating a heretical writer with more regard than in his opinion a
+heretick could deserve. I honoured his orthodoxy, and did not much
+censure his asperity. A man who has settled his opinions does not love
+to have the tranquillity of his conviction disturbed; and at
+seventy-seven it is time to be in earnest.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 118.
+
+[785] 'Mr. Maclean has no publick edifice for the exercise of his
+ministry, and can officiate to no greater number than a room can
+contain; and the room of a hut is not very large... The want of churches
+is not the only impediment to piety; there is likewise a want of
+ministers. A parish often contains more islands than one... All the
+provision made by the present ecclesiastical constitution for the
+inhabitants of about a hundred square miles is a prayer and sermon in a
+little room once in three weeks.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 118.
+
+[786]
+
+     'Our Polly is a sad slut, nor heeds
+        what we have taught her.
+      I wonder any man alive will
+        ever rear a daughter.
+      For she must have both hoods
+        and gowns, and hoops to
+        swell her pride,
+      With scarfs and stays, and
+        gloves and lace; and she
+        will have men beside;
+      And when she's drest with care
+        and cost, all-tempting, fine and gay,
+      As men should serve a cucumber,
+        she flings herself away.'
+
+Air vii.
+
+[787] See _ante_, p. 162.
+
+[788] In 1715.
+
+[789]
+
+     'When Ajax strives some rock's vast weight to throw,
+      The line too labours, and the words move slow.'
+
+Pope, _Essay on Criticism_, l. 370.
+
+[790] Johnson's remark on these stones is curious as shewing that he had
+not even a glimpse of the discoveries to be made by geology. After
+saying that 'no account can be given' of the position of one of the
+stones, he continues:--'There are so many important things of which
+human knowledge can give no account, that it may be forgiven us if we
+speculate no longer on two stones in Col.' _Works_, ix. 122. See _ante_,
+ii. 468, for his censure of Brydone's 'anti-mosaical remark.'
+
+[791]
+
+     'Malo me Galatea petit, lasciva puella.'
+     'My Phillis me with pelted apples plies.'
+
+DRYDEN. Virgil, _Eclogues_, iii. 64.
+
+[792]
+
+     'The helpless traveller, with wild surprise,
+      Sees the dry desert all around him rise,
+      And smother'd in the dusty whirlwind dies.'
+
+_Cato_ act ii. sc. 6.
+
+[793] Johnson seems unwilling to believe this. 'I am not of opinion that
+by any surveys or land-marks its [the sand's] limits have been ever
+fixed, or its progression ascertained. If one man has confidence enough
+to say that it advances, nobody can bring any proof to support him in
+denying it.' _Works_, ix. 122. He had seen land in like manner laid
+waste north of Aberdeen; where 'the owner, when he was required to pay
+the usual tax, desired rather to resign the ground.' _Ib_. p. 15.
+
+[794] _Box_, in this sense, is not in Johnson's _Dictionary_.
+
+[795] See _ante_, ii. 100, and iv. 274.
+
+[796] In the original, _Rich windows. A Long Story_, l. 7.
+
+[797] 'And this according to the philosophers is happiness.' Boswell
+says of Crabbe's poem _The Village_, that 'its sentiments as to the
+false notions of rustick happiness and rustick virtue were quite
+congenial with Johnson's own.' _Ante_, iv. 175.
+
+[798] 'This innovation was considered by Mr. Macsweyn as the idle
+project of a young head, heated with English fancies; but he has now
+found that turnips will really grow, and that hungry sheep and cows will
+really eat them.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 121. 'The young laird is heir,
+perhaps, to 300 square miles of land, which, at ten shillings an acre,
+would bring him L96,000 a year. He is desirous of improving the
+agriculture of his country; and, in imitation of the Czar, travelled for
+improvement, and worked with his own hands upon a farm in
+Hertfordshire.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 168.
+
+[799] 'In more fruitful countries the removal of one only makes room for
+the succession of another; but in the Hebrides the loss of an inhabitant
+leaves a lasting vacuity; for nobody born in any other parts of the
+world will choose this country for his residence.' Johnson's
+_Works_, ix. 93.
+
+[800] 'In 1628 Daille wrote his celebrated book, _De l'usage des Peres_,
+or _Of the Use of the Fathers_. Dr. Fleetwood, Bishop of Ely, said of it
+that he thought the author had pretty sufficiently proved they were of
+_no use_ at all.' Chalmers's _Biog. Dict_. xi. 209.
+
+[801] _Enquiry after Happiness_, by Richard Lucas, D.D., 1685.
+
+[802] _Divine Dialogues_, by Henry More, D.D. See _ante_, ii. 162, note
+I.
+
+[803] By David Gregory, the second of the sixteen professors which the
+family of Gregory gave to the Universities. _Ante_, p. 48.
+
+[804] 'Johnson's landlord and next neighbour in Bolt-court.' _Ante_,
+iii. 141.
+
+[805] 'Cuper's Gardens, near the south bank of the Thames, opposite to
+Somerset House. The gardens were illuminated, and the company
+entertained by a band of music and fireworks; but this, with other
+places of the same kind, has been lately discontinued by an act that has
+reduced the number of these seats of luxury and dissipation.' Dodsley's
+_London and its Environs_, ed. 1761, ii. 209. The Act was the 25th
+George II, for 'preventing robberies and regulating places of public
+entertainment.' _Parl. Hist_. xiv. 1234.
+
+[806] 'Mr. Johnson,' according to Mr. Langton, 'used to laugh at a
+passage in Carte's _Life of the Duke of Ormond,_ where he gravely
+observes "that he was always in full dress when he went to court; too
+many being in the practice of going thither with double lapells."'
+_Boswelliana_, p. 274. The following is the passage:--'No severity of
+weather or condition of health served him for a reason of not observing
+that decorum of dress which he thought a point of respect to persons and
+places. In winter time people were allowed to come to court with
+double-breasted coats, a sort of undress. The duke would never take
+advantage of that indulgence; but let it be never so cold, he always
+came in his proper habit, and indeed the king himself always did the
+same, though too many neglected his example to make use of the liberty
+he was pleased to allow.' Carte's _Life of Ormond_, iv. 693. See _ante_,
+i. 42. It was originally published in _three_ volumes folio in 1735-6.
+
+[807] Seneca's two epigrams on Corsica are quoted in Boswell's
+_Corsica_, first edition, p. 13. Boswell, in one of his _Hypochondriacks
+(London Mag._ 1778, p. 173), says:--'For Seneca I have a double
+reverence, both for his own worth, and because he was the heathen sage
+whom my grandfather constantly studied.'
+
+[808] 'Very near the house of Maclean stands the castle of Col, which
+was the mansion of the Laird till the house was built.... On the wall
+was, not long ago, a stone with an inscription, importing, that if any
+man of the clan of Maclonich shall appear before this castle, though he
+come at midnight, with a man's head in his hand, he shall there find
+safety and protection against all but the king. This is an old Highland
+treaty made upon a very memorable occasion. Maclean, the son of John
+Gerves, who recovered Col, and conquered Barra, had obtained, it is
+said, from James the Second, a grant of the lands of Lochiel, forfeited,
+I suppose, by some offence against the state. Forfeited estates were not
+in those days quietly resigned; Maclean, therefore, went with an armed
+force to seize his new possessions, and, I know not for what reason,
+took his wife with him. The Camerons rose in defence of their chief, and
+a battle was fought at Loch Ness, near the place where Fort Augustus now
+stands, in which Lochiel obtained the victory, and Maclean, with his
+followers, was defeated and destroyed. The lady fell into the hands of
+the conquerors, and, being found pregnant, was placed in the custody of
+Maclonich, one of a tribe or family branched from Cameron, with orders,
+if she brought a boy, to destroy him, if a girl, to spare her.
+Maclonich's wife, who was with child likewise, had a girl about the same
+time at which Lady Maclean brought a boy; and Maclonich, with more
+generosity to his captive than fidelity to his trust, contrived that the
+children should be changed. Maclean, being thus preserved from death, in
+time recovered his original patrimony; and, in gratitude to his friend,
+made his castle a place of refuge to any of the clan that should think
+himself in danger; and, as a proof of reciprocal confidence, Maclean
+took upon himself and his posterity the care of educating the heir of
+Maclonich.' Johnson's _Works,_ ix. 130.
+
+[809] 'Mr. Croker tells us that the great Marquis of Montrose was
+beheaded at Edinburgh in 1650. There is not a forward boy at any school
+in England who does not know that the Marquis was hanged.' Macaulay's
+_Essays_, ed. 1843, i. 357
+
+[810] It is observable that men of the first rank spelt very ill in the
+last century. In the first of these letters I have preserved the
+original spelling. BOSWELL.
+
+[811] See _ante,_ i., 127.
+
+[812] Muir-fowl is grouse. _Ante_ p. 44.
+
+[813] See ante, p. 162, note 1.
+
+[814] 'In Col only two houses pay the window tax; for only two have six
+windows, which, I suppose, are the laird's and Mr. Macsweyn's.'
+Johnson's _Works_, ix. 125. 'The window tax, as it stands at present
+(January 1775)...lays a duty upon every window, which in England
+augments gradually from twopence, the lowest rate upon houses with not
+more than seven windows, to two shillings, the highest rate upon houses
+with twenty-five windows and upwards.' _Wealth of Nations,_ v. 2. 2 .1.
+The tax was first imposed in 1695, as a substitute for hearth money.
+Macaulay's _England,_ ed. 1874, vii. 271. It was abolished in 1851.
+
+[815] Thomas Carlyle was not fourteen when, one 'dark frosty November
+morning,' he set off on foot for the University at Edinburgh--a distance
+of nearly one hundred miles. Froude's _Carlyle_, i. 22.
+
+[816] _Ante_, p. 290.
+
+[817] _Of the Nature and Use of Lots: a Treatise historicall and
+theologicall._ By Thomas Gataker. London, 1619. _The Spirituall Watch,
+or Christ's Generall Watch-word._ By Thomas Gataker. London, 1619.
+
+[818] See _ante_, p. 264.
+
+[819] He visited it with the Thrales on Sept. 22, 1774, when returning
+from his tour to Wales, and with Boswell in 1776 (_ante_, ii. 451).
+
+[820] Mr. Croker says that 'this, no doubt, alludes to Jacob Bryant, the
+secretary or librarian at Blenheim, with whom Johnson had had perhaps
+some coolness now forgotten.' The supposition of the coolness seems
+needless. With so little to go upon, guessing is very hazardous.
+
+[821] Topham Beauclerk, who had married the Duke's sister, after she had
+been divorced for adultery with him from her first husband Viscount
+Bolingbroke. _Ante_, ii. 246, note 1.
+
+[822] See _post_, Dempster's Letter of Feb. 16, 1775.
+
+[823] See _ante_, ii. 340, where Johnson said that 'if he were a
+gentleman of landed property, he would turn out all his tenants who did
+not vote for the candidate whom he supported.'
+
+[824] See _ante_, iii. 378.
+
+[825] 'They have opinions which cannot be ranked with superstition,
+because they regard only natural effects. They expect better crops of
+grain by sowing their seed in the moon's increase. The moon has great
+influence in vulgar philosophy. In my memory it was a precept annually
+given in one of the English almanacks, "to kill hogs when the moon was
+increasing, and the bacon would prove the better in boiling."' Johnson's
+_Works,_ ix. 104. Bacon, in his _Natural History_(No.892) says:--'For
+the increase of moisture, the opinion received is, that seeds will grow
+soonest if they be set in the increase of the moon.'
+
+[826] The question which Johnson asked with such unusual warmth might
+have been answered, 'by sowing the bent, or couch grass.' WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[827] See _ante,_ i. 484.
+
+[828] See _ante_, i. 483.
+
+[829] It is remarkable, that Dr. Johnson should have read this account
+of some of his own peculiar habits, without saying any thing on the
+subject, which I hoped he would have done. BOSWELL. See _ante_, p. 128,
+note 2, and iv. 183, where Boswell 'observed he must have been a bold
+laugher who would have ventured to tell Dr. Johnson of any of his
+peculiarities.'
+
+[830] In this he was very unlike Swift, who, in his youth, when
+travelling in England, 'generally chose to dine with waggoners,
+hostlers, and persons of that rank; and he used to lie at night in
+houses where he found written of the door _Lodgings for a penny_. He
+delighted in scenes of low life.' Lord Orrery's _Swift_, ed. 1752,
+p. 33.
+
+[831] This is from the _Jests of Hierocles._ CROKER.
+
+[832] 'The grave a gay companion shun.' FRANCIS. Horace, 1 _Epis._
+xviii. 89.
+
+[833] Boswell in 1776 found that 'oats were much used as food in Dr.
+Johnson's own town.' _Ante_, ii. 463.
+
+[834] _Ante_, i. 294.
+
+[835] See _ante_, ii. 258.
+
+[836] 'The richness of the round steep green knolls, clothed with copse,
+and glancing with cascades, and a pleasant peep at a small fresh-water
+loch embosomed among them--the view of the bay, surrounded and guarded
+by the island of Colvay--the gliding of two or three vessels in the more
+distant Sound--and the row of the gigantic Ardnamurchan mountains
+closing the scene to the north, almost justify the eulogium of
+Sacheverell, [_post,_ p. 336] who, in 1688, declared the bay of
+Tobermory might equal any prospect in Italy.' Lockhart's _Scott,_
+iv. 338.
+
+[837] 'The saying of the old philosopher who observes, that he who wants
+least is most like the gods who want nothing, was a favourite sentence
+with Dr. Johnson, who, on his own part, required less attendance, sick
+or well, than ever I saw any human creature. Conversation was all he
+required to make him happy.' Piozzi's _Anec._ p. 275.
+
+[838] _Remarks on Several Parts of Italy_ (_ante_, ii. 346). Johnson
+(_Works_, vii. 424) says of these _Travels_:--'Of many parts it is not a
+very severe censure to say that they might have been written at home.'
+He adds that 'the book, though awhile neglected, became in time so much
+the favourite of the publick, that before it was reprinted it rose to
+five times its price.'
+
+[839] See _ante_, iii. 254, and iv. 237.
+
+[840] Johnson (_Works_, viii. 320) says of Pope that 'he had before him
+not only what his own meditation suggested, but what he had found in
+other writers that might be _accomodated_ to his present purpose.'
+Boswell's use of the word is perhaps derived, as Mr. Croker suggests,
+from _accommoder_, in the sense of _dressing up or cooking meats_. This
+word occurs in an amusing story that Boswell tells in one of his
+Hypochondriacks (_London Mag_. 1779, p. 55):--'A friend of mine told me
+that he engaged a French cook for Sir B. Keen, when ambassador in Spain,
+and when he asked the fellow if he had ever dressed any magnificent
+dinners the answer was:--"Monsieur, j'ai accommode un diner qui faisait
+trembler toute la France."' Scott, in _Guy Mannering_ (ed. 1860, iii.
+138), describes 'Miss Bertram's solicitude to soothe and _accommodate_
+her parent.' See _ante_, iv. 39, note 1, for '_accommodated_ the
+ladies.' To sum up, we may say with Justice Shallow:--'Accommodated! it
+comes of _accommodo_; very good; a good phrase.' 2 _Henry IV_, act
+iii. sc. 2.
+
+[841] 'Louis Moreri, ne en Provence, en 1643. On ne s'attendait pas que
+l'auteur du _Pays d'amour_, et le traducteur de _Rodriguez_, entreprit
+dans sa jeunesse le premier dictionnaire de faits qu'on eut encore vu.
+Ce grand travail lui couta la vie... Mort en 1680.' Voltaire's _Works_,
+ed. 1819, xvii. 133.
+
+[842] Johnson looked upon _Ana_ as an English word, for he gives it in
+his _Dictionary_.
+
+[843] I take leave to enter my strongest protest against this judgement.
+_Bossuet_ I hold to be one of the first luminaries of religion and
+literature. If there are who do not read him, it is full time they
+should begin. BOSWELL.
+
+[844]
+
+     Just in the gate, and in the jaws of hell,
+     Revengeful cares, and sullen sorrows dwell;
+     And pale diseases, and repining age;
+     Want, fear, and famine's unresisted rage;
+     Here toils and death, and death's half-brother, sleep,
+     Forms  terrible to view their sentry keep.
+
+Dryden, _Aeneid_, vi. 273. BOSWELL. Voltaire, in his Essay _Sur les
+inconveniens attaches a la Litterature_ (_Works_, xliii. 173),
+says:--'Enfin, apres un an de refus et de negociations, votre ouvrage
+s'imprime; c'est alors qu'il faut ou assoupir les _Cerberes_ de la
+litterature ou les faire aboyer en votre faveur.' He therefore carries
+on the resemblance one step further,--
+
+'Cerberus haec ingens latratu regna trifauci Personat.' _Aeneid_, vi.
+417.
+
+[845] It was in 1763 that Boswell made Johnson's acquaintance. _Ante_,
+i. 391.
+
+[846] It is no small satisfaction to me to reflect, that Dr. Johnson
+read this, and, after being apprized of my intention, communicated to
+me, at subsequent periods, many particulars of his life, which probably
+could not otherwise have been preserved. BOSWELL. See _ante_, i. 26.
+
+[847] Though Mull is, as Johnson says, the third island of the Hebrides
+in extent, there was no post there. _Piozzi Letters_, i. 170.
+
+[848] This observation is very just. The time for the Hebrides was too
+late by a month or six weeks. I have heard those who remembered their
+tour express surprise they were not drowned. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[849] _ The Charmer, a Collection of Songs Scotch and English._
+Edinburgh, 1749.
+
+[850] By Thomas Willis, M.D. It was published in 1672. 'In this work he
+maintains that the soul of brutes is like the vital principle in man,
+that it is corporeal in its nature and perishes with the body. Although
+the book was dedicated to the Archbishop of Canterbury, his orthodoxy, a
+matter that Willis regarded much, was called in question.' Knight's
+_Eng. Cyclo_. vi. 741. Burnet speaks of him as 'Willis, the great
+physician.' _History of his Own Time_, ed. 1818, i. 254. See _Wood's
+Athenae_, iii. 1048.
+
+[851] See _ante_, ii. 409 and iii. 242, where he said:--'Had I learnt to
+fiddle, I should have done nothing else.'
+
+[852] _Ante_, p. 277.
+
+[853] _Ante_, p. 181.
+
+[854] Mr. Langton thinks this must have been the hasty expression of a
+splenetick moment, as he has heard Dr. Johnson speak of Mr. Spence's
+judgment in criticism with so high a degree of respect, as to shew that
+this was not his settled opinion of him. Let me add that, in the preface
+to the _Preceptor_, he recommends Spence's _Essay on Papers Odyssey_,
+and that his admirable _Lives of the English Poets_ are much enriched by
+Spence's Anecdotes of Pope. BOSWELL. For the _Preceptor_ see _ante_, i.
+192, and Johnson's _Works_, v. 240. Johnson, in his _Life of Pope (ib_.
+viii. 274), speaks of Spence as 'a man whose learning was not very
+great, and whose mind was not very powerful. His criticism, however, was
+commonly just; what he thought he thought rightly; and his remarks were
+recommended by his coolness and candour.' See _ante_, iv. 9, 63.
+
+[855] 'She was the only interpreter of Erse poetry that I could ever
+find.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 134. See _ante_, p. 241.
+
+[856] 'After a journey difficult and tedious, over rocks naked and
+valleys untracked, through a country of barrenness and solitude, we
+came, almost in the dark, to the sea-side, weary and dejected, having
+met with nothing but waters falling from the mountains that could raise
+any image of delight.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 170. 'It is natural, in
+traversing this gloom of desolation, to inquire, whether something may
+not be done to give nature a more cheerful face.' Johnson's _Works_,
+ix. 136.
+
+[857] _Ante_, p. 19.
+
+[858] See _ante_, i. 521.
+
+[859] See _ante_, p. 212.
+
+[860] Sir William Blackstone says, in his _Commentaries_, that 'he
+cannot find that ever this custom prevailed in England;' and therefore
+he is of opinion that it could not have given rise to _Borough-English_.
+BOSWELL. 'I cannot learn that ever this custom prevailed in England,
+though it certainly did in Scotland (under the name of _mercketa_ or
+_marcheta_), till abolished by Malcolm III.' _Commentaries_, ed. 1778,
+ii. 83. Sir H. Maine, in his _Early History of Institutions_, p. 222,
+writes:--'Other authors, as Blackstone tells us, explained it ["Borough
+English"] by a supposed right of the Seigneur or lord, now very
+generally regarded as apocryphal, which raised a presumption of the
+eldest son's illegitimacy.'
+
+[861] 'Macquarry was used to demand a sheep, for which he now takes a
+crown, by that inattention to the uncertain proportion between the value
+and the denomination of money, which has brought much disorder into
+Europe. A sheep has always the same power of supplying human wants, but
+a crown will bring, at one time more, at another less'. Johnson's
+_Works_, ix. 139.
+
+[862] 'The house and the furniture are not always nicely suited. We were
+driven once, by missing a passage, to the hut of a gentleman, where,
+after a very liberal supper, when I was conducted to my chamber, I found
+an elegant bed of Indian cotton, spread with fine sheets. The
+accommodation was flattering; I undressed myself, and felt my feet in
+the mire. The bed stood upon the bare earth, which a long course of rain
+had softened to a puddle.' _Works_, ix. 98.
+
+[863] Inchkenneth is a most beautiful little islet, of the most verdant
+green, while all the neighbouring shore of Greban, as well as the large
+islands of Colinsay and Ulva, are as black as heath and moss can make
+them. But Ulva has a good anchorage, and Inchkenneth is surrounded by
+shoals. It is now uninhabited. The ruins of the huts, in which Dr.
+Johnson was received by Sir Allan M'Lean, were still to be seen, and
+some tatters of the paper hangings were to be seen on the walls. Sir G.
+O. Paul was at Inchkenneth with the same party of which I was a member.
+[See Lockhart's _Scott_, ed. 1839, iii. 285.] He seemed to suspect many
+of the Highland tales which he heard, but he showed most incredulity on
+the subject of Johnson's having been entertained in the wretched huts of
+which we saw the ruins. He took me aside, and conjured me to tell him
+the truth of the matter. 'This Sir Allan,' said he, 'was he a _regular
+baronet_, or was his title such a traditional one as you find in
+Ireland?' I assured my excellent acquaintance that, 'for my own part, I
+would have paid more respect to a knight of Kerry, or knight of Glynn;
+yet Sir Allan M'Lean was a _regular baronet_ by patent;' and, having
+giving him this information, I took the liberty of asking him, in
+return, whether he would not in conscience prefer the worst cell in the
+jail at Gloucester (which he had been very active in overlooking while
+the building was going on) to those exposed hovels where Johnson had
+been entertained by rank and beauty. He looked round the little islet,
+and allowed Sir Allan had some advantage in exercising ground; but in
+other respects he thought the compulsory tenants of Gloucester had
+greatly the advantage. Such was his opinion of a place, concerning which
+Johnson has recorded that 'it wanted little which palaces could afford.'
+WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[864] 'Sir Allan's affairs are in disorder by the fault of his
+ancestors, and while he forms some scheme for retrieving them he has
+retreated hither.' _Piozzi Letters_ i. 172.
+
+[865] By Francis Gastrell, Bishop of Chester, published in 1707.
+
+[866] _Travels through different cities of Germany, &c.,_, by Alexander
+Drummond. Horace Walpole, on April 24, 1754 (_Letters_, ii. 381),
+mentions 'a very foolish vulgar book of travels, lately published by one
+Drummond, consul at Aleppo.'
+
+[867] _ Physico-Theology; or a Demonstration of the Being and Attributes
+of God from his Works of Creation._ By William Derham, D.D., 1713.
+Voltaire, in _Micromegas,_ ch. I, speaking of 'l'illustre vicaire
+Derham' says:--'Malheureusement, lui et ses imitateurs se trompent
+souvent dans l'exposition de ces merveilles; ils s'extasient sur la
+sagesse qui se montre dans l'ordre d'un phenomene et on decouvre que ce
+phenomene est tout different de ce qu'ils ont suppose; alors c'est ce
+nouvel ordre qui leur parait un chef d'oeuvre de sagesse.'
+
+[868] This work was published in 1774. Johnson said on March 20, 1776
+(_ante_, ii. 447), 'that he believed Campbell's disappointment on
+account of the bad success of that work had killed him.'
+
+[869] Johnson said of Campbell:--'I am afraid he has not been in the
+inside of a church for many years; but he never passes a church without
+pulling off his hat. This shows that he has good principles.' _Ante_,
+i. 418.
+
+[870] _New horse-shoeing Husbandry_, by Jethro Tull, 1733.
+
+[871] 'He owned he sometimes talked for victory.' _Ante_, iv. 111, and
+v. 17.
+
+[872] 'They said that a great family had a _bard_ and a _senachi_, who
+were the poet and historian of the house; and an old gentleman told me
+that he remembered one of each. Here was a dawn of intelligence....
+Another conversation informed me that the same man was both bard and
+senachi. This variation discouraged me.... Soon after I was told by a
+gentleman, who is generally acknowledged the greatest master of
+Hebridian antiquities, that there had, indeed, once been both bards and
+senachies; and that _senachi_ signified _the man of talk_, or of
+conversation; but that neither bard nor senachi had existed for some
+centuries.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 109.
+
+[873] See _ante_, iii. 41, 327
+
+[874] 'Towards evening Sir Allan told us that Sunday never passed over
+him like another day. One of the ladies read, and read very well, the
+evening service;--"and Paradise was opened in the wild."' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 173. The quotation is from Pope's _Eloisa to Abelard_,
+l. 134:--
+
+     'You raised these hallowed walls; the desert smil'd,
+      And Paradise was open'd in the wild.'
+
+
+[875] He sent these verses to Boswell in 1775. _Ante_ ii. 293.
+
+[876] Boswell wrote to Johnson on Feb. 2, 1775, (_ante_, ii. 295):--'Lord
+Hailes bids me tell you he doubts whether--
+
+     "Legitimas faciunt pectora pura preces,"
+
+be according to the rubrick, but that is your concern; for you know, he
+is a Presbyterian.'
+
+[877] In Johnson's _Works_, i. 167, these lines are given with
+amendments and additions, mostly made by Johnson, but some, Mr. Croker
+believes, by Mr. Langton. In the following copy the variations are
+marked in italics.
+
+         INSULA KENNETHI, INTER HEBRIDAS.
+     Parva quidem regio sed religione priorum
+       _Clara_ Caledonias panditur inter aquas.
+     Voce ubi Cennethus populos domuisse feroces
+        Dicitur, et vanos dedocuisse deos.
+     Huc ego delatus placido per caerula cursu,
+       Scire _locus_ volui quid daret _iste_ novi.
+     Illic Leniades humili regnabat in aula,
+       Leniades, magnis nobilitatus avis.
+     Una duas _cepit_ casa cum genitore puellas,
+       Quas Amor undarum _crederet_ esse deas.
+     _Nec_ tamen inculti gelidis latuere sub antris,
+       Accola Danubii qualia saevus habet.
+     Mollia non _desunt_ vacuae solatia vitae
+       Sive libros poscant otia, sive lyram.
+     _Fulserat_ illa dies, legis _qua_ docta supernae
+       Spes hominum _et_ curas _gens_ procul esse jubet.
+     _Ut precibus justas avertat numinis iras,
+       Et summi accendat pectus amore boni._
+     Ponti inter strepitus _non sacri_ munera cultus
+       Cessarunt, pietas hic quoque cura fuit.
+     _Nil opus est oeris sacra de turre sonantis
+       Admonitu, ipsa suas nunciat hora vices._
+     Quid, quod sacrifici versavit foemina libros?
+       _Sint pro legitimis pura labella sacris._
+     Quo vagor ulterius? quod ubique requiritur hic est,
+       Hic secura quies, hic et honestus amor.
+
+Mr. Croker says of the third line from the end, that in a copy of these
+verses in Johnson's own hand which he had seen, 'Johnson had
+first written
+
+     _Sunt pro legitimis pectora pura sacris._
+
+He then wrote
+
+     _Legitimas faciunt pura labella preces._
+
+That line was erased, and the line as it stands in the _Works_ is
+substituted in Mr. Langton's hand, as is also an alteration in the 16th
+line, _velit_ into _jubet_.' _Jubet_ however is in the copy as printed
+by Boswell. Mr. Langton edited some, if not all, of Johnson's Latin
+poems. (_Ante_, iv. 384.)
+
+[878] 'Boswell, who is very pious, went into the chapel at night to
+perform his devotions, but came back in haste for fear of spectres.'
+_Piozzi Letters_, i. 173.
+
+[879] _Ante_ p. 169.
+
+[880] John Gerves, or John the Giant, of whom Dr. Johnson relates a
+curious story; _Works_ ix. 119.
+
+[881] Lord Chatham in the House of Lords, on Nov. 22, 1770, speaking of
+'the honest, industrious tradesman, who holds the middle rank, and has
+given repeated proofs that he prefers law and liberty to gold,' had
+said:--'I love that class of men. Much less would I be thought to
+reflect upon the fair merchant, whose liberal commerce is the prime
+source of national wealth. I esteem his occupation, and respect his
+character.' _Parl. Hist._ xvi. 1107.
+
+[882] See _ante_, iii. 382.
+
+[883] He was born in Nordland in Sweden, in 1736. In 1768 he and Mr.
+Banks accompanied Captain Cook in his first voyage round the world. He
+died in 1782. Knight's _Eng. Cyclo._ v. 578. Miss Burney wrote of him in
+1780:--'My father has very exactly named him, in calling him a
+philosophical gossip.' Mme. D'Arblay's _Diary_, i. 305. Horace Walpole
+the same year, just after the Gordon Riots, wrote (_Letters_, vii.
+403):--'Who is secure against Jack Straw and a whirlwind? How I
+abominate Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander, who routed the poor Otaheitans out
+of the centre of the ocean, and carried our abominable passions amongst
+them! not even that poor little speck could escape European
+restlessness.' See _ante_ ii. 148.
+
+[884] Boswell tells this story again, _ante_, ii. 299. Mrs. Piozzi's
+account (_Anec_. p. 114) is evidently so inaccurate that it does not
+deserve attention; she herself admits that Beauclerk was truthful. In a
+marginal note on Wraxall's _Memoirs_, she says:--'Topham Beauclerk
+(wicked and profligate as he wished to be accounted), was yet a man of
+very strict veracity. Oh Lord! how I did hate that horrid Beauclerk!'
+Hayward's _Piozzi_, i. 348. Johnson testified to 'the correctness of
+Beauclerk's memory and the fidelity of his narrative.' _Ante_, ii. 405.
+
+[885] 'Mr. Maclean of Col, having a very numerous family, has for some
+time past resided at Aberdeen, that he may superintend their education,
+and leaves the young gentleman, our friend, to govern his dominions with
+the full power of a Highland chief.' _Johnson's Works_, ix. 117.
+
+[886] This is not spoken of hare-coursing, where the game is taken or
+lost before the dog gets out of wind; but in chasing deer with the great
+Highland greyhound, Col's exploit is feasible enough. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[887] See _ante_, pp. 45, III, for Monboddo's notion.
+
+[888] Mme. Riccoboni in 1767 wrote to Garrick of the French:--'Un
+mensonge grossier les revolte. Si on voulait leur persuader que les
+Anglais vivent de grenouilles, meurent de faim, que leurs femmes sont
+barbouillees, et jurent par toutes les lettres de l'alphabet, ils
+leveraient les epaules, et s'ecriraient, _quel sot ose ecrire ces
+miseres-la?_ mais a Londres, diantre cela prend!' _Garrick Corres_.
+ii. 524.
+
+[889] Just opposite to M'Quarrie's house the boat was swamped by the
+intoxication of the sailors, who had partaken too largely of M'Quarrie's
+wonted hospitality. WALTER SCOTT. Johnson wrote from Lichfield on June
+13, 1775;--'There is great lamentation here for the death of Col. Lucy
+[Miss Porter] is of opinion that he was wonderfully handsome.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 235. See ante, ii. 287.
+
+[890] Iona.
+
+[891] See _ante_, p. 237.
+
+[892] See _ante_, 111. 229.
+
+[893] Sir James Mackintosh says (_Life_, ii. 257):--'Dr. Johnson visited
+Iona without looking at Staffa, which lay in sight, with that
+indifference to natural objects, either of taste or scientific
+curiosity, which characterised him.' This is a fair enough sample of
+much of the criticism under which Johnson's reputation has suffered.
+
+[894] Smollett in _Humphry Clinker_ (Letter of Sept. 3) describes a
+Highland funeral. 'Our entertainer seemed to think it a disparagement to
+his family that not above a hundred gallons of whisky had been drunk
+upon such a solemn occasion.
+
+[895] 'We then entered the boat again; the night came upon us; the wind
+rose; the sea swelled; and Boswell desired to be set on dry ground: we,
+however, pursued our navigation, and passed by several little islands in
+the silent solemnity of faint moon-shine, seeing little, and hearing
+only the wind and water.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 176.
+
+[896] Cicero _De Finibus_, ii. 32.
+
+[897] I have lately observed that this thought has been elegantly
+expressed by Cowley:--
+
+     'Things which offend when present, and affright,
+      In  memory, well painted, move delight.'
+
+BOSWELL.
+
+The lines are found in the _Ode upon His Majesty's Restoration and
+Return_, stanza 12. They may have been suggested by Virgil's lines--
+
+     'Revocate animos, maestumque timorem
+      Mittite; forsan et haec olim meminisse juvabit.'
+
+Aeneid, i. 202.
+
+[898] Had our Tour produced nothing else but this sublime passage, the
+world must have acknowledged that it was not made in vain. The present
+respectable President of the Royal Society was so much struck on reading
+it, that he clasped his hands together, and remained for some time in an
+attitude of silent admiration, BOSWELL. Boswell again quotes this
+passage (which is found in Johnson's _Works_, ix. 145), _ante_, iii.
+173. The President was Sir Joseph Banks, Johnson says in _Rasselas_, ch.
+xi:--'That the supreme being may be more easily propitiated in one place
+than in another is the dream of idle superstition; but that some places
+may operate upon our own minds in an uncommon manner is an opinion which
+hourly experience will justify. He who supposes that his vices may be
+more successfully combated in Palestine will, perhaps, find himself
+mistaken, yet he may go thither without folly; he who thinks they will
+be more freely pardoned dishonours at once his reason and religion.'
+
+[899] 'Sir Allan went to the headman of the island, whom fame, but fame
+delights in amplifying, represents as worth no less than fifty pounds.
+He was, perhaps, proud enough of his guests, but ill prepared for our
+entertainment; however he soon produced more provision than men not
+luxurious require.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 146.
+
+[900] _An Account of the Isle of Man. With a voyage to I-Columb-Kill_.
+By W. Sacheverell, Esq., late Governour of Man. 1702.
+
+[901] 'He that surveys it [the church-yard] attended by an insular
+antiquary may be told where the kings of many nations are buried, and if
+he loves to soothe his imagination with the thoughts that naturally rise
+in places where the great and the powerful lie mingled with the dust,
+let him listen in submissive silence; for if he asks any questions his
+delight is at an end.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 148.
+
+[902] On quitting the island Johnson wrote: 'We now left those
+illustrious ruins, by which Mr. Boswell was much affected, nor would I
+willingly be thought to have looked upon them without some emotion.'
+_Ib_. p. 150.
+
+[903] Psalm xc. 4.
+
+[904] Boswell wrote on Nov. 9, 1767:--'I am always for fixing some
+period for my perfection as far as possible. Let it be when my account
+of Corsica is published; I shall then have a character which I must
+support.' _Letters of Boswell_, p. 122. Five weeks later he wrote:--'I
+have been as wild as ever;' and then comes a passage which the Editor
+has thought it needful to suppress. _Ib_.p.128.
+
+[905] Boswell here speaks as an Englishman. He should have written '_a_
+M'Ginnis.' See _ante_, p. 135, note 3.
+
+[906] 'The fruitfulness of Iona is now its whole prosperity. The
+inhabitants are remarkably gross, and remarkably neglected; I know not
+if they are visited by any minister. The island, which was once the
+metropolis of learning and piety, has now no school for education, nor
+temple for worship, only two inhabitants that can speak English, and not
+one that can write or read.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 149. Scott, who
+visited it in 1810, writes:--'There are many monuments of singular
+curiosity, forming a strange contrast to the squalid and dejected
+poverty of the present inhabitants.' Lockhart's _Scott_, ed. 1839, iii.
+285. In 1814, on a second visit, he writes:--'Iona, the last time I saw
+it, seemed to me to contain the most wretched people I had anywhere
+seen. But either they have got better since I was here, or my eyes,
+familiarized with the wretchedness of Zetland and the Harris, are less
+shocked with that of Iona.' He found a schoolmaster there. _Ib_.
+iv. 324.
+
+[907] Johnson's Jacobite friend, Dr. King (_ante_, i. 279), says of
+Pulteney, on his being made Earl of Bath:--'He deserted the cause of
+his country; he betrayed his friends and adherents; he ruined his
+character, and from a most glorious eminence sunk down to a degree of
+contempt. The first time Sir Robert (who was now Earl of Orford) met him
+in the House of Lords, he threw out this reproach:--"My Lord Bath, you
+and I are now two as insignificant men as any in England." In which he
+spoke the truth of my Lord Bath, but not of himself. For my Lord Orford
+was consulted by the ministers to the last day of his life.' King's
+_Anec_. p. 43.
+
+[908] See _ante_, i. 431, and iii. 326.
+
+[909] 'Sir Robert Walpole detested war. This made Dr. Johnson say of
+him, "He was the best minister this country ever had, as, if _we_ would
+have let him (he speaks of his own violent faction), he would have kept
+the country in perpetual peace."' Seward's _Biographiana_, p. 554. See
+_ante_, i. 131.
+
+[910] See _ante_, iii. Appendix C.
+
+[911] I think it incumbent on me to make some observation on this strong
+satirical sally on my classical companion, Mr. Wilkes. Reporting it
+lately from memory, in his presence, I expressed it thus:--'They knew he
+would rob their shops, _if he durst;_ they knew he would debauch their
+daughters, _if he could;_' which, according to the French phrase, may be
+said _rencherir_ on Dr. Johnson; but on looking into my Journal, I found
+it as above, and would by no means make any addition. Mr. Wilkes
+received both readings with a good humour that I cannot enough admire.
+Indeed both he and I (as, with respect to myself, the reader has more
+than once had occasion to observe in the course of this Journal,) are
+too fond of a _bon mot_, not to relish it, though we should be ourselves
+the object of it.
+
+Let me add, in justice to the gentleman here mentioned, that at a
+subsequent period, he _was_ elected chief magistrate of London [in
+1774], and discharged the duties of that high office with great honour
+to himself, and advantage to the city. Some years before Dr. Johnson
+died, I was fortunate enough to bring him and Mr. Wilkes together; the
+consequence of which was, that they were ever afterwards on easy and not
+unfriendly terms. The particulars I shall have great pleasure in
+relating at large in my _Life of Dr. Johnson_. BOSWELL. In the copy of
+Boswell's _Letter to the People of Scotland_ in the British Museum is
+entered in Boswell's own hand--
+
+     'Comes jucundus in via pro vehiculo est.
+
+To John Wilkes, Esq.: as pleasant a companion as ever lived. From the
+Author.
+
+             --will my Wilkes retreat,
+     And see, once seen before, that ancient seat, etc.'
+
+See _ante_, iii. 64, 183; iv. 101, 224, note 2.
+
+[912] See _ante_, iv. 199.
+
+[913] Our afternoon journey was through a country of such gloomy
+desolation that Mr. Boswell thought no part of the Highlands equally
+terrifick.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 150.
+
+[914] Johnson describes Lochbuy as 'a true Highland laird, rough and
+haughty, and tenacious of his dignity: who, hearing my name, inquired
+whether I was of the Johnstons of Glencoe (_sic_) or of Ardnamurchan.'
+_Ib_.
+
+[915] Boswell totally misapprehended _Lochbuy's_ meaning. There are two
+septs of the powerful clan of M'Donaid, who are called Mac-Ian, that is
+_John's-son_; and as Highlanders often translate their names when they
+go to the Lowlands,--as Gregor-son for Mac-Gregor, Farquhar-son for
+Mac-Farquhar,--_Lochbuy_ supposed that Dr. Johnson might be one of the
+Mac-Ians of Ardnamurchan, or of Glencro. Boswell's explanation was
+nothing to the purpose. The _Johnstons_ are a clan distinguished in
+Scottish _border_ history, and as brave as any _Highland_ clan that ever
+wore brogues; but they lay entirely out of _Lochbuy's_ knowledge--nor
+was he thinking of _them_. WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[916] This maxim, however, has been controverted. See Blackstone's
+_Commentaries_, vol. ii. p. 291; and the authorities there quoted.
+BOSWELL. 'Blackstone says:--From these loose authorities, which
+Fitzherbert does not hesitate to reject as being contrary to reason, the
+maxim that a man shall not stultify himself hath been handed down as
+settled law; though later opinions, feeling the inconvenience of the
+rule, have in many points endeavoured to restrain it.' _Ib_. p. 292.
+
+[917] Begging pardon of the Doctor and his conductor, I have often seen
+and partaken of cold sheep's head at as good breakfast-tables as ever
+they sat at. This protest is something in the manner of the late
+Culrossie, who fought a duel for the honour of Aberdeen butter. I have
+passed over all the Doctor's other reproaches upon Scotland, but the
+sheep's head I will defend _totis viribus_. Dr. Johnson himself must
+have forgiven my zeal on this occasion; for if, as he says, _dinner_ be
+the thing of which a man thinks _oftenest during the day, breakfast_
+must be that of which he thinks _first in the morning_. WALTER SCOTT. I
+do not know where Johnson says this. Perhaps Scott was thinking of a
+passage in Mrs. Piozzi's _Anec_. p. 149, where she writes that he said:
+'A man seldom thinks with more earnestness of any thing than he does of
+his dinner.'
+
+[918] A horrible place it was. Johnson describes it (_Works_, ix. 152)
+as 'a deep subterraneous cavity, walled on the sides, and arched on the
+top, into which the descent is through a narrow door, by a ladder or
+a rope.'
+
+[919] See _ante_, p. 177.
+
+[920] Sir Allan M'Lean, like many Highland chiefs, was embarrassed in
+his private affairs, and exposed to unpleasant solicitations from
+attorneys, called, in Scotland, _writers_ (which indeed was the chief
+motive of his retiring to Inchkenneth). Upon one occasion he made a
+visit to a friend, then residing at Carron lodge, on the banks of the
+Carron, where the banks of that river are studded with pretty villas:
+Sir Allan, admiring the landscape, asked his friend, whom that handsome
+seat belonged to. 'M---, the writer to the signet,' was the reply.
+'Umph!' said Sir Allan, but not with an accent of assent, 'I mean that
+other house.' 'Oh ! that belongs to a very honest fellow Jamie---, also
+a writer to the signet.' 'Umph!' said the Highland chief of M'Lean with
+more emphasis than before, 'And yon smaller house?' 'That belongs to a
+Stirling man; I forget his name, but I am sure he is a writer too;
+for---.' Sir Allan who had recoiled a quarter of a circle backward at
+every response, now wheeled the circle entire and turned his back on the
+landscape, saying, 'My good friend, I must own you have a pretty
+situation here; but d--n your neighbourhood.' WALTER SCOTT.
+
+[921] Loch Awe.
+
+[922] 'Pope's talent lay remarkably in what one may naturally enough
+term the condensation of thoughts. I think no other English poet ever
+brought so much sense into the same number of lines with equal
+smoothness, ease, and poetical beauty. Let him who doubts of this peruse
+his _Essay on Man_ with attention.' Shenstone's _Essays on Men and
+Manners. [Works_, 4th edit. ii. 159.] 'He [Gray] approved an observation
+of Shenstone, that "Pope had the art of condensing a thought."'
+Nicholls' _Reminiscences of Gray_, p. 37. And Swift [in his _Lines on
+the death of Dr. Swift_], himself a great condenser, says--
+
+     'In Pope I cannot read a line
+      But with a sigh I wish it mine;
+      When he can in one couplet fix
+      More sense than I can do in six.'
+
+P. CUNNINGHAM.
+
+[923] He is described by Walpole in his _Letters_, viii. 5.
+
+[924] 'The night came on while we had yet a great part of the way to go,
+though not so dark but that we could discern the cataracts which poured
+down the hills on one side, and fell into one general channel, that ran
+with great violence on the other. The wind was loud, the rain was heavy,
+and the whistling of the blast, the fall of the shower, the rush of the
+cataracts, and the roar of the torrent, made a nobler chorus of the
+rough musick of nature than it had ever been my chance to hear before.'
+Johnson's _Works_, ix. 155. He wrote to Mrs. Thrale:--'All the rougher
+powers of nature except thunder were in motion, but there was no danger.
+I should have been sorry to have missed any of the inconveniencies, to
+have had more light or less rain, for their co-operation crowded the
+scene and filled the mind.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 177.
+
+[925] I never tasted whiskey except once for experiment at the inn in
+Inverary, when I thought it preferable to any English malt brandy. It
+was strong, but not pungent, and was free from the empyreumatick taste
+or smell. What was the process I had no opportunity of inquiring, nor do
+I wish to improve the art of making poison pleasant.' Johnson's _Works_,
+ix. 52. Smollett, medical man though he was, looked upon whisky as
+anything but poison. 'I am told that it is given with great success to
+infants, as a cordial in the confluent small-pox.' _Humphry Clinker_.
+Letter of Sept. 3.
+
+[926] _Regale_ in this sense is not in Johnson's _Dictionary_. It was,
+however, a favourite word at this time. Thus, Mrs. Piozzi, in her
+_Journey through France_, ii. 297, says:--'A large dish of hot chocolate
+thickened with bread and cream is a common afternoon's regale here.'
+Miss Burney often uses the word.
+
+[927] Boswell, in answering Garrick's letter seven months later,
+improved on this comparison. 'It was,' he writes, 'a pine-apple of the
+finest flavour, which had a high zest indeed among the heath-covered
+mountains of Scotia.' _Garrick Corres_. i. 621.
+
+[928] See _ante_, p. 115.
+
+[929] See _ante_, i. 97.
+
+[930] 'Though Birnam wood be come to Dunsinane.' _Macbeth_, act v. sc.
+8.
+
+[931]
+
+     'From his first entrance to the closing scene
+      Let him one equal character maintain.'
+
+FRANCIS. Horace, _Ars Poet._ l. 126.
+
+[932] I took the liberty of giving this familiar appellation to my
+celebrated friend, to bring in a more lively manner to his remembrance
+the period when he was Dr. Johnson's pupil. BOSWELL.
+
+[933] See _ante_, p. 129.
+
+[934] Boswell is here quoting the Preface to the third edition of his
+_Corsica_:--'Whatever clouds may overcast my days, I can now walk here
+among the rocks and woods of my ancestors, with an agreeable
+consciousness that I have done something worthy.'
+
+[935] See _ante_, i. 148, and _post_, Nov. 21.
+
+[936] I have suppressed my friend's name from an apprehension of
+wounding his sensibility; but I would not withhold from my readers a
+passage which shews Mr. Garrick's mode of writing as the Manager of a
+Theatre, and contains a pleasing trait of his domestick life. His
+judgment of dramatick pieces, so far as concerns their exhibition on the
+stage, must be allowed to have considerable weight. But from the effect
+which a perusal of the tragedy here condemned had upon myself, and from
+the opinions of some eminent criticks, I venture to pronounce that it
+has much poetical merit; and its authour has distinguished himself by
+several performances which shew that the epithet _poetaster_ was, in the
+present instance, much misapplied. BOSWELL. Johnson mentioned this
+quarrel between Garrick and the poet on March 25, 1773 (_Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 80). 'M---- is preparing a whole pamphlet against G----,
+and G---- is, I suppose, collecting materials to confute M----.' M----
+was Mickle, the translator of the _Lusiad_ and author of the _Ballad of
+Cumnor Hall_ (_ante_, ii. 182). Had it not been for this 'poetaster,'
+_Kenilworth_ might never have been written. Scott, in the preface, tells
+how 'the first stanza of _Cunmor Hall_ had a peculiar species of
+enchantment for his youthful ear, the force of which is not even now
+entirely spent.' The play that was refused was the _Siege of
+Marseilles_. Ever since the success of Hughes's _Siege of Damascus_ 'a
+siege had become a popular title' (_ante_, iii. 259, note 1).
+
+[937] She could only have been away for the day; for in 1776 Garrick
+wrote:--'As I have not left Mrs. Garrick one day since we were married,
+near twenty-eight years, I cannot now leave her.' _Garrick Corres_.
+ii. 150.
+
+[938] Dr. Morell once entered the school-room at Winchester College, 'in
+which some junior boys were writing their exercises, one of whom, struck
+no less with his air and manner than with the questions he put to them,
+whispered to his school-fellows, "Is he not a fine old Grecian?" The
+Doctor, overhearing this, turned hastily round and exclaimed, "I am
+indeed an old Grecian, my little man. Did you never see my head before
+my Thesaurus?"' The Praepostors, learning the dignity of their visitor,
+in a most respectful manner showed him the College. Wooll's _Life of Dr.
+Warton_, p. 329. Mason writing to Horace Walpole about some odes,
+says:--'They are so lopped and mangled, that they are worse now than the
+productions of Handel's poet, Dr. Morell.' Walpole's _Letters_, v. 420.
+Morell compiled the words for Handel's _Oratorios_.
+
+[939] _Ante_, i. 148.
+
+[940] I doubt whether any other instance can be found of _love_ being
+sent to Johnson.
+
+[941] The passage begins:--'A _servant_ or two from a revering distance
+cast many a wishful look, and condole their honoured master in the
+language of sighs.' Hervey's _Meditations_, ed. 1748, i. 40.
+
+[942] _Ib_. ii. 84.
+
+[943] The _Meditation_ was perhaps partly suggested by Swift's
+_Meditation upon a Broomstick_. Swift's _Works_ (1803), iii. 275.
+
+[944] Thomas Burnet of the Charterhouse, in his _Sacred Theory of the
+Earth_, ed. 1722, i. 85.
+
+[945] See _ante_, i. 476, and ii. 73.
+
+[946] Elizabeth Gunning, celebrated (like her sister, Lady Coventry) for
+her personal charms, had been previously Duchess of Hamilton, and was
+mother of Douglas, Duke of Hamilton, the competitor for the Douglas
+property with the late Lord Douglas: she was, of course, prejudiced
+against Boswell, who had shewn all the bustling importance of his
+character in the Douglas cause, and it was said, I know not on what
+authority, that he headed the mob which broke the windows of some of the
+judges, and of Lord Auchinleck, his father, in particular. WALTER SCOTT.
+See _ante_, ii. 50.
+
+[947] See _ante_, i. 408, and ii. 329.
+
+[948] She married the Earl of Derby, and was the great-grandmother of
+the present Earl. Burke's _Peerage_.
+
+[949] See _ante_, iv. 248.
+
+[950] Lord Macaulay's grandfather, Trevelyan's _Macaulay_, i. 6.
+
+[951] See _ante_, p. 118.
+
+[952] On reflection, at the distance of several years, I wonder that my
+venerable fellow-traveller should have read this passage without
+censuring my levity. BOSWELL.
+
+[953] _Ante_, p. 151.
+
+[954] See _ante_, i. 240.
+
+[955] As this book is now become very scarce, I shall subjoin the title,
+which is curious:--The Doctrines of a Middle State between Death and
+the Resurrection: Of Prayers for the Dead: And the Necessity of
+Purification; plainly proved from the holy Scriptures, and the Writings
+of the Fathers of the Primitive Church: and acknowledged by several
+learned Fathers and Great Divines of the Church of England and others
+since the Reformation. To which is added, an Appendix concerning the
+Descent of the Soul of Christ into Hell, while his Body lay in the
+Grave. Together with the Judgment of the Reverend Dr. Hickes concerning
+this Book, so far as relates to a Middle State, particular Judgment, and
+Prayers for the Dead as it appeared in the first Edition. 'And a
+Manuscript of the Right Reverend Bishop Overall upon the Subject of a
+Middle State, and never before printed. Also, a Preservative against
+several of the Errors of the Roman Church, in six small Treatises. By
+the Honourable Archibald Campbell. Folio, 1721. BOSWELL.
+
+[956] The release gained for him by Lord Townshend must have been from
+his last imprisonment after the accession of George I; for, as Mr.
+Croker points out, Townshend was not Secretary of State till 1714.
+
+[957] See _ante_, iv. 286.
+
+[958] He was the grandson of the first Marquis, who was beheaded by
+Charles II in 1661, and nephew of the ninth Earl, who was beheaded by
+James II in 1685. Burke's _Peerage_. He died on June 15, 1744, according
+to the _Gent. Mag._ xiv. 339; where he is described as 'the consecrated
+Archbishop of St. Andrews.' See _ante_, ii. 216.
+
+[959] George Hickes, 1642-1715. A non-juror, consecrated in 1693
+suffragan bishop of Thetford by three of the deprived non-juror bishops.
+Chalmers's _Biog. Dict._ xvii. 450. Burnet (_Hist. of his own Time_, iv.
+303) describes him as 'an ill-tempered man, who was now [1712] at the
+head of the Jacobite party, and who had in several books promoted a
+notion, that there was a proper sacrifice made in the Eucharist.'
+Boswell mentions him, _ante_, iv. 287.
+
+[960] See _ante_, ii. 458.
+
+[961] This must be a mistake for _He died_.
+
+[962] 'It is generally supposed that life is longer in places where
+there are few opportunities of luxury; but I found no instance here of
+extraordinary longevity. A cottager grows old over his oaten cakes like
+a citizen at a turtle feast. He is, indeed, seldom incommoded by
+corpulence, Poverty preserves him from sinking under the burden of
+himself, but he escapes no other injury of time.' Johnson's Works,
+ix. 81.
+
+[963] Lady Lucy Graham, daughter of the second Duke of Montrose, and
+wife of Mr. Douglas, the successful claimant: she died in 1780, whence
+Boswell calls her '_poor_ Lady Lucy.' CROKER
+
+[964] Her first husband was the sixth Duke of Hamilton and Brandon. On
+his death she refused the Duke of Bridgewater. She was the mother of
+four dukes--two of Hamilton and two of Argyle. Her sister married the
+Earl of Coventry. Walpole's _Letters_, ii. 259, note. Walpole, writing
+on Oct. 9, 1791, says that their story was amazing. 'The two beautiful
+sisters were going on the stage, when they were at once exalted almost
+as high as they could be, were Countessed and double-Duchessed.' _Ib_.
+ix. 358. Their maiden name was Gunning. The Duchess of Argyle was alive
+when Boswell published his _Journal_.
+
+[965] See _ante_, iv. 397, and v. 210. It was Lord Macaulay's
+grandfather who was thus reprimanded. Mr. Trevelyan remarks (_Life of
+Macaulay_, i. 7), 'When we think what well-known ground this [subject]
+was to Lord Macaulay, it is impossible to suppress a wish that the great
+talker had been at hand to avenge his grandfather.' The result might
+well have been, however, that the great talker would have been reduced
+to silence--one of those brilliant flashes of silence for which Sydney
+Smith longed, but longed in vain.
+
+[966] See _ante_, ii. 264, note 2.
+
+[967] See _ante_, iv. 8, for his use of 'O brave!'
+
+[968] Having mentioned, more than once, that my _Journal_ was perused by
+Dr. Johnson, I think it proper to inform my readers that this is the
+last paragraph which he read. BOSWELL. He began to read it on August 18
+(_ante_, p. 58, note 2).
+
+[969] See _ante_, ii. 320.
+
+[970] Act i. sc. 1. The best known passage in _Douglas_ is the speech
+beginning 'My name is Norval.' Act ii. The play affords a few quotations
+more or less known, as:--
+
+             'I found myself
+     As women wish to be who love their lords.'
+     Act i.
+
+             'He seldom errs
+     Who thinks the worse he can of womankind.'
+     Act iii.
+
+    'Honour, sole judge and umpire of itself.'
+     Act iv.
+
+    'Unknown I die; no tongue shall speak of me.
+     Some noble spirits, judging by themselves,
+     May yet conjecture what I might have proved,
+     And think life only wanting to my fame.'
+     Act v.
+
+    'An honest guardian, arbitrator just
+     Be thou; thy station deem a sacred trust.
+     With thy good sword maintain thy country's cause;
+     In every action venerate its laws:
+     The lie suborn'd if falsely urg'd to swear,
+     Though torture wait thee, torture firmly bear;
+     To forfeit honour, think the highest shame,
+     And life too dearly bought by loss of fame;
+     Nor to preserve it, with thy virtue give
+     That for which only man should wish to live.'
+
+[_Satires_, viii. 79.]
+
+For this and the other translations to which no signature is affixed, I
+am indebted to the friend whose observations are mentioned in the notes,
+pp. 78 and 399. BOSWELL. Sir Walter Scott says, 'probably Dr. Hugh
+Blair.' I have little doubt that it was Malone. 'One of the best
+criticks of our age,' Boswell calls this friend in the other two
+passages. This was a compliment Boswell was likely to pay to Malone, to
+whom he dedicated this book. Malone was a versifier. See Prior's
+_Malone_, p. 463.
+
+[971] I am sorry that I was unlucky in my quotation. But notwithstanding
+the acuteness of Dr. Johnson's criticism, and the power of his ridicule,
+_The Tragedy of Douglas_ sill continues to be generally and deservedly
+admired. BOSWELL. Johnson's scorn was no doubt returned, for Dr. A.
+Carlyle (_Auto._ p. 295) says of Home:--'as John all his life had a
+thorough contempt for such as neglected his poetry, he treated all who
+approved of his works with a partiality which more than approached to
+flattery.' Carlyle tells (pp. 301-305) how Home started for London with
+his tragedy in one pocket of his great coat and his clean shirt and
+night-cap in the other, escorted on setting out by six or seven Merse
+ministers. 'Garrick, after reading his play, returned it as totally
+unfit for the stage.' It was brought out first in Edinburgh, and in the
+year 1757 in Covent Garden, where it had great success. 'This tragedy,'
+wrote Carlyle forty-five years later, 'still maintains its ground, has
+been more frequently acted, and is more popular than any tragedy in the
+English language.' _Ib._ p. 325. Hannah More recorded in 1786
+(_Memoirs_, ii. 22), 'I had a quarrel with Lord Monboddo one night
+lately. He said _Douglas_ was a better play than Shakespeare could have
+written. He was angry and I was pert. Lord Mulgrave sat spiriting me up,
+but kept out of the scrape himself, and Lord Stormont seemed to enjoy
+the debate, but was shabby enough not to help me out.'
+
+[972] See _ante_, ii. 230, note 1.
+
+[973] See _ante_, p. 318.
+
+[974] See _ante_, iii. 54
+
+[975] See _ante_, p. 356.
+
+[976] See _ante_, iii. 241, note 2.
+
+[977] As a remarkable instance of his negligence, I remember some years
+ago to have found lying loose in his study, and without the cover, which
+contained the address, a letter to him from Lord Thurlow, to whom he had
+made an application as Chancellor, in behalf of a poor literary friend.
+It was expressed in such terms of respect for Dr. Johnson, that, in my
+zeal for his reputation, I remonstrated warmly with him on his strange
+inattention, and obtained his permission to take a copy of it; by which
+probably it has been preserved, as the original I have reason to suppose
+is lost. BOSWELL. See _ante_, iii. 441.
+
+[978] 'The islets, which court the gazer at a distance, disgust him at
+his approach, when he finds, instead of soft lawns and shady thickets,
+nothing more than uncultivated ruggedness.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 156.
+
+[979] See _ante_, i. 200, and iv. 179.
+
+[980] In these arguments he says:--'Reason and truth will prevail at
+last. The most learned of the Scottish doctors would now gladly admit a
+form of prayer, if the people would endure it. The zeal or rage of
+congregations has its different degrees. In some parishes the Lord's
+Prayer is suffered: in others it is still rejected as a form; and he
+that should make it part of his supplication would be suspected of
+heretical pravity.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 102. See _ante_, p. 121.
+
+[981] 'A very little above the source of the Leven, on the lake, stands
+the house of Cameron, belonging to Mr. Smollett, so embosomed in an oak
+wood that we did not see it till we were within fifty yards of the
+door.' _Humphry Clinker_, Letter of Aug. 28.
+
+[982] Boswell himself was at times one of 'those absurd visionaries.'
+_Ante_, ii. 73.
+
+[983] See _ante_, p. 117.
+
+[984] Lord Kames wrote one, which is published in Chambers's _Traditions
+of Edinburgh_, ed. 1825, i. 280. In it he bids the traveller to 'indulge
+the hope of a Monumental Pillar.'
+
+[985] See _ante_, iii. 85; and v. 154.
+
+[986] This address does not offend against the rule that Johnson lays
+down in his _Essay on Epitaphs_ (_Works_, v. 263), where he says:--'It
+is improper to address the epitaph to the passenger.' The impropriety
+consists in such an address in a church. He however did break through
+his rule in his epitaph in Streatham Church on Mr. Thrale, where he
+says:--'Abi viator.' _Ib._ i. 154.
+
+[987] In _Humphry Clinker_ (Letter of Aug. 28), which was published a
+few months before Smollett's death, is his _Ode on Leven-Water_.
+
+[988] The epitaph which has been inscribed on the pillar erected on the
+banks of the Leven, in honour of Dr. Smollett, is as follows. The part
+which was written by Dr. Johnson, it appears, has been altered; whether
+for the better, the reader will judge. The alterations are distinguished
+by Italicks.
+
+     Siste viator!
+     Si lepores ingeniique venam benignam,
+     Si morum callidissimum pictorem, Unquam es miratus,
+     Immorare paululum memoriae
+     TOBIAE SMOLLET, M.D.
+     Viri virtutibus _hisce_
+     Quas in homine et cive
+     Et laudes et imiteris,
+     Haud mediocriter ornati:
+     Qui in literis variis versatus,
+     Postquam felicitate _sibi propria_
+     Sese posteris commendaverat,
+     Morte acerba raptus
+     Anno aetatis 51,
+     Eheu: quam procul a patria!
+     Prope Liburni portum in Italia, Jacet sepultres.
+     Tali tantoque viro, patrueli suo, Cui in decursu lampada
+     Se potius tradidisse decuit, Hanc Columnam,
+     Amoris, eheu! inane monumentum In ipsis Leviniae ripis,
+     Quas _versiculis sub exitu vitae illustratas_
+     Primis infans vagitibus personuit, Ponendam curavit
+     JACOBUS SMOLLET de Bonhill. Abi et reminiscere,
+     Hoc quidem honore, Non modo defuncti memoriae,
+     Verum etiam exemplo, prospectum esse;
+     Aliis enim, si modo digni sint,
+     Idem erit virtutis praemium!
+
+     BOSWELL.
+
+
+
+[989] Baretti told Malone that, having proposed to teach Johnson
+Italian, they went over a few stanzas of Ariosto, and Johnson then grew
+weary. 'Some years afterwards Baretti said he would give him another
+lesson, but added, "I suppose you have forgotten what we read before."
+"Who forgets, Sir?" said Johnson, and immediately repeated three or four
+stanzas of the poem.' Baretti took down the book to see if it had been
+lately opened, but the leaves were covered with dust. Prior's _Malone_,
+p. 160. Johnson had learnt to translate Italian before he knew Baretti.
+_Ante_, i. 107, 156. For other instances of his memory, see _ante_, i.
+39, 48; iii. 318, note 1; and iv. 103, note 2.
+
+[990] For sixty-eight days he received no letter--from August 21
+(_ante_, p. 84) to October 28.
+
+[991] Among these professors might possibly have been either Burke or
+Hume had not a Mr. Clow been the successful competitor in 1751 as the
+successor to Adam Smith in the chair of Logic. 'Mr. Clow has acquired a
+curious title to fame, from the greatness of the man to whom he
+succeeded, and of those over whom he was triumphant.' J.H. Burton's
+_Hume_, i. 351.
+
+[992] Dr. Reid, the author of the _Inquiry into the Human Mind_, had in
+1763 succeeded Adam Smith as Professor of Moral Philosophy. Dugald
+Stewart was his pupil the winter before Johnson's visit. Stewart's
+_Reid_, ed. 1802, p. 38.
+
+[993] See _ante_, iv. 186.
+
+[994] Mr. Boswell has chosen to omit, for reasons which will be
+presently obvious, that Johnson and Adam Smith met at Glasgow; but I
+have been assured by Professor John Miller that they did so, and that
+Smith, leaving the party in which he had met Johnson, happened to come
+to another company _where Miller was_. Knowing that Smith had been in
+Johnson's society, they were anxious to know what had passed, and the
+more so as Dr. Smith's temper seemed much ruffled. At first Smith would
+only answer, 'He's a brute--he's a brute;' but on closer examination, it
+appeared that Johnson no sooner saw Smith than he attacked him for some
+point of his famous letter on the death of Hume (_ante_, p. 30). Smith
+vindicated the truth of his statement. 'What did Johnson say?' was the
+universal inquiry. 'Why, he said,' replied Smith, with the deepest
+impression of resentment, 'he said, _you lie!_' 'And what did you
+reply?' 'I said, you are a son of a------!' On such terms did these two
+great moralists meet and part, and such was the classical dialogue
+between two great teachers of philosophy. WALTER SCOTT. This story is
+erroneous in the particulars of the _time, place,_ and _subject_ of the
+alleged quarrel; for Hume did not die for [nearly] three years after
+Johnson's only visit to Glasgow; nor was Smith then there. Johnson,
+previous to 1763 (see _ante_, i. 427, and iii. 331), had an altercation
+with Adam Smith at Mr. Strahan's table. This may have been the
+foundation of Professor Miller's misrepresentation. But, even _then_,
+nothing of this offensive kind could have passed, as, if it had, Smith
+could certainly not have afterwards solicited admission to the Club of
+which Johnson was the leader, to which he was admitted 1st Dec. 1775,
+and where he and Johnson met frequently on civil terms. I, therefore,
+disbelieve the whole story. CROKER.
+
+[995] 'His appearance,' says Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. p. 68), 'was that
+of an ascetic, reduced by fasting and prayer.' See _ante_, p. 68.
+
+[996] See _ante_, ii. 27, 279.
+
+[997] See _ante,_ p. 92.
+
+[998] Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale:--'I was not much pleased with any
+of the Professors.' _Piozzi Letters,_ i. 199. Mme. D'Arblay says:--
+'Whenever Dr. Johnson did not make the charm of conversation he only
+marred it by his presence, from the general fear he incited, that if he
+spoke not, he might listen; and that if he listened, he might reprove.'
+_Memoirs of Dr. Burney,_ ii. 187. See _ante_, ii. 63
+
+[999] Boswell has not let us see this caution. When Robertson first came
+in, 'there began,' we are told, 'some animated dialogue' (_ante,_ p.32).
+The next day we read that 'he fluently harangued to Dr. Johnson'
+(_ante,_ p.43).
+
+[1000] See _ante,_ iii. 366.
+
+[1001] He was Ambassador at Paris in the beginning of the reign of
+George I., and Commander-in-Chief in 1744. Lord Mahon's _England_, ed.
+1836, i. 201 and iii. 275.
+
+[1002] The unwilling gratitude of base mankind. POPE. [_Imitations of
+Horace_, 2 _Epis_. i. 14.] BOSWELL.
+
+[1003] Dr. Franklin (_Memoirs_, i. 246-253) gives a curious account of
+Lord Loudoun, who was general in America about the year 1756.
+'Indecision,' he says, 'was one of the strongest features of his
+character.' He kept back the packet-boats from day to day because he
+could not make up his mind to send his despatches. At one time there
+were three boats waiting, one of which was kept with cargo and
+passengers on board three months beyond its time. Pitt at length
+recalled him, because 'he never heard from him, and could not know what
+he was doing.'
+
+[1004] See Chalmers's _Biog. Dict._ xi. 161 for an account of a
+controversy about the identity of this writer with an historian of the
+same name.
+
+[1005] He had paid but little attention to his own rule. See _ante_, ii.
+119.
+
+[1006] 'I believe that for all the castles which I have seen beyond the
+Tweed, the ruins yet remaining of some one of those which the English
+built in Wales would supply Materials.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 152.
+
+[1007] See _ante_, p. 40, note 4.
+
+[1008] Johnson described her as 'a lady who for many years gave the laws
+of elegance to Scotland.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 200. Allan Ramsay
+dedicated to her his _Gentle Shepherd_, and W. Hamilton, of Bangour,
+wrote to her verses on the presentation of Ramsay's poem. Hamilton's
+_Poems_, p. 23.
+
+[1009] See _ante_, ii. 66, and iii. 188.
+
+[1010] 'She called Boswell the boy: "yes, Madam," said I, "we will send
+him to school." "He is already," said she, "in a good school;" and
+expressed her hope of his improvement. At last night came, and I was
+sorry to leave her.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 200. See _ante_, iii. 366.
+
+[1011] See _ante_, pp. 318, 362.
+
+[1012] Burns, who was in his fifteenth year, was at this time living at
+Ayr, about twelve miles away. When later on he moved to Mauchline, he
+and Boswell became much nearer neighbours.
+
+[1013] He had, however, married again. _Ante_, ii. 140, note I. It is
+curious that Boswell in this narrative does not mention his step-mother.
+
+[1014]
+     'Asper
+     Incolumi gravitate jocum tentavit.'
+     'Though rude his mirth, yet laboured to maintain
+     The solemn grandeur of the tragic scene.'
+
+FRANCIS. Horace, _Ars Poet_. l. 221.
+
+[1015] See _ante_, iii. 65, and v. 97.
+
+[1016] See _ante_, iv. 163, 241.
+
+[1017] Johnson (_Works_, vii. 425) says of Addison's dedication of the
+opera of _Rosamond_ to the Duchess of Marlborough, that 'it was an
+instance of servile absurdity, to be exceeded only by Joshua Barnes's
+dedication of a Greek _Anacreon_ to the Duke.' For Barnes see _ante_,
+iii. 284, and iv. 19.
+
+[1018] William Baxter, the editor of _Anacreon_, was the nephew of
+Richard Baxter, the nonconformist divine.
+
+[1019] He says of Auchinleck (_Works_, ix. 158) that 'like all the
+western side of Scotland, it is _incommoded_ by very frequent rain.' 'In
+all September we had, according to Boswell's register, only one day and
+a half of fair weather; and in October perhaps not more.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 182.
+
+[1020] 'By-the-bye,' wrote Sir Walter Scott, 'I am far from being of the
+number of those angry Scotsmen who imputed to Johnson's national
+prejudices all or a great part of the report he has given of our country
+in his _Voyage to the Hebrides_. I remember the Highlands ten or twelve
+years later, and no one can conceive of 'how much that could have been
+easily remedied travellers had to complain.' _Croker Corres_. ii. 34
+
+[1021] 'Of these islands it must be confessed, that they have not many
+allurements but to the mere lover of naked nature. The inhabitants are
+thin, provisions are scarce, and desolation and penury give little
+pleasure.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 153. In an earlier passage (p. 138),
+in describing a rough ride in Mull, he says:--'We were now long enough
+acquainted with hills and heath to have lost the emotion that they once
+raised, whether pleasing or painful, and had our minds employed only on
+our own fatigue.'
+
+[1022] See _ante_, ii. 225.
+
+[1023] In like manner Wesley said of Rousseau:--'Sure a more consummate
+coxcomb never saw the sun.... He is a cynic all over. So indeed is his
+brother-infidel, Voltaire; and well-nigh as great a coxcomb.' Wesley's
+_Journal,_, ed. 1830, iii. 386.
+
+[1024] This gentleman, though devoted to the study of grammar and
+dialecticks, was not so absorbed in it as to be without a sense of
+pleasantry, or to be offended at his favourite topicks being treated
+lightly. I one day met him in the street, as I was hastening to the
+House of Lords, and told him, I was sorry I could not stop, being rather
+too late to attend an appeal of the Duke of Hamilton against Douglas. 'I
+thought (said he) their contest had been over long ago.' I answered,
+'The contest concerning Douglas's filiation was over long ago; but the
+contest now is, who shall have the estate.' Then, assuming the air of
+'an ancient sage philosopher,' I proceeded thus: 'Were I to _predicate_
+concerning him, I should say, the contest formerly was, What _is_ he?
+The contest now is, What _has_ he?'--'Right, (replied Mr. Harris,
+smiling,) you have done with _quality_, and have got into
+_quantity_.' BOSWELL.
+
+[1025] Most likely Sir A. Macdonald. _Ante_, p. 148.
+
+[1026] Boswell wrote on March 18,1775:--'Mr. Johnson, when enumerating
+our Club, observed of some of us, that they talked from books,--Langton
+in particular. "Garrick," he said, "would talk from books, if he talked
+seriously." "_I_," said he, "do not talk from books; _you_ do not talk
+from books." This was a compliment to my originality; but I am afraid I
+have not read books enough to be able to talk from them.' _Letters of
+Boswell_, p. 181. See _ante_, ii. 360, where Johnson said to Boswell:--
+'I don't believe you have borrowed from Waller. I wish you would enable
+yourself to borrow more;' and i. 105, where he described 'a man of a
+great deal of knowledge of the world, fresh from life, not strained
+through books.'
+
+[1027] 'Lord Auchinleck has built a house of hewn stone, very stately
+and durable, and has advanced the value of his lands with great
+tenderness to his tenants. I was, however, less delighted with the
+elegance of the modern mansion, than with the sullen dignity of the old
+castle.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 159. 'The house is scarcely yet
+finished, but very magnificent and very convenient.' _Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 201. See _ante_, i. 462.
+
+[1028] See _ante_, ii. 413, and v. 91.
+
+[1029] The relation, it should seem, was remote even for Scotland. Their
+common ancestor was Robert Bruce, some sixteen generations back.
+Boswell's mother's grandmother was a Bruce of the Earl of Kincardine's
+family, and so also was his father's mother. Rogers's _Boswelliana_,
+pp. 4, 5.
+
+[1030] He refers to Johnson's pension, which was given nearly two years
+after George Ill's accession. _Ante_, i. 372.
+
+[1031] _Ante_, p. 51.
+
+[1032] He repeated this advice in 1777. _Ante_, iii. 207.
+
+[1033] 'Of their black cattle some are without horns, called by the
+Scots _humble_ cows, as we call a bee, an _humble_ bee, that wants a
+sting. Whether this difference be specifick, or accidental, though we
+inquired with great diligence, we could not be informed.' Johnson's
+_Works_, ix. 78.
+
+Johnson, in his _Dictionary_, gives the right derivation of humble-bee,
+from _hum_ and _bee_. The word _Humble-cow_ is found in _Guy Mannering_,
+ed. 1860, iii. 91:--'"Of a surety," said Sampson, "I deemed I heard his
+horse's feet." "That," said John, with a broad grin, "was Grizzel
+chasing the humble-cow out of the close."'
+
+[1034] 'Even the cattle have not their usual beauty or noble head.'
+Church and Brodribb's _Tacitus_.
+
+[1035] 'The peace you seek is here--where is it not? If your own mind
+be equal to its lot.' CROKER. Horace, I _Epistles_, xi. 29.
+
+[1036] Horace, I _Epistles_, xviii. 112.
+
+[1037] This and the next paragraph are not in the first edition. The
+paragraph that follows has been altered so as to hide the fact that the
+minister spoken of was Mr. Dun. Originally it stood:--'Mr. Dun, though a
+man of sincere good principles as a presbyterian divine, discovered,'
+&c. First edition, p. 478.
+
+[1038] See _ante_, p. 120.
+
+[1039] Old Lord Auchinleck was an able lawyer, a good scholar, after the
+manner of Scotland, and highly valued his own advantages as a man of
+good estate and ancient family; and, moreover, he was a strict
+presbyterian and Whig of the old Scottish cast. This did not prevent his
+being a terribly proud aristocrat; and great was the contempt he
+entertained and expressed for his son James, for the nature of his
+friendships and the character of the personages of whom he was _engoue_
+one after another. 'There's nae hope for Jamie, mon,' he said to a
+friend. 'Jamie is gaen clean gyte. What do you think, mon? He's done wi'
+Paoli--he's off wi' the land-louping scoundrel of a Corsican; and whose
+tail do you think he has pinned himself to now, mon?' Here the old judge
+summoned up a sneer of most sovereign contempt. 'A _dominie_, mon--an
+auld dominie: he keeped a schule, and cau'd it an acaadamy.' Probably if
+this had been reported to Johnson, he would have felt it more galling,
+for he never much liked to think of that period of his life [_ante_,
+i.97, note 2]; it would have aggravated his dislike of Lord Auchinleck's
+Whiggery and presbyterianism. These the old lord carried to such a
+height, that once, when a countryman came in to state some justice
+business, and being required to make his oath, declined to do so before
+his lordship, because he was not a _covenanted_ magistrate. 'Is that
+a'your objection, mon?' said the judge; 'come your ways in here, and
+we'll baith of us tak the solemn league and covenant together.' The oath
+was accordingly agreed and sworn to by both, and I dare say it was the
+last time it ever received such homage. It may be surmised how far Lord
+Auchinleck, such as he is here described, was likely to suit a high Tory
+and episcopalian like Johnson. As they approached Auchinleck, Boswell
+conjured Johnson by all the ties of regard, and in requital of the
+services he had rendered him upon his tour, that he would spare two
+subjects in tenderness to his father's prejudices; the first related to
+Sir John Pringle, president of the Royal Society, about whom there was
+then some dispute current: the second concerned the general question of
+Whig and Tory. Sir John Pringle, as Boswell says, escaped, but the
+controversy between Tory and Covenanter raged with great fury, and ended
+in Johnson's pressing upon the old judge the question, what good
+Cromwell, of whom he had said something derogatory, had ever done to his
+country; when, after being much tortured, Lord Auchinleck at last spoke
+out, 'God, Doctor! he gart kings ken that they had a _lith_ in their
+neck'--he taught kings they had a _joint_ in their necks. Jamie then
+set to mediating between his father and the philosopher, and availing
+himself of the judge's sense of hospitality, which was punctilious,
+reduced the debate to more order. WALTER SCOTT. Paoli had visited
+Auchinleck. Boswell wrote to Garrick on Sept. 18, 1771:--'I have just
+been enjoying the very great happiness of a visit from my illustrious
+friend, Pascal Paoli. He was two nights at Auchinleck, and you may
+figure the joy of my worthy father and me at seeing the Corsican hero in
+our romantic groves.' _Garrick Corres_. i. 436. Johnson was not blind to
+Cromwell's greatness, for he says (_Works_, vii. 197), that 'he wanted
+nothing to raise him to heroick excellence but virtue.' Lord
+Auchinleck's famous saying had been anticipated by Quin, who, according
+to Davies (_Life of Garrick_, ii. 115), had said that 'on a thirtieth of
+January every king in Europe would rise with a crick in his neck.'
+
+[1040] See _ante_, p. 252.
+
+[1041] James Durham, born 1622, died 1658, wrote many theological works.
+Chalmers's _Biog. Dict_. In the _Brit. Mus. Cata_. I can find no work by
+him on the _Galatians_; Lord Auchinleck's triumph therefore was, it
+seems, more artful than honest.
+
+[1042] Gray, it should seem, had given the name earlier. His friend
+Bonstetten says that about the year 1769 he was walking with him, when
+Gray 'exclaimed with some bitterness, "Look, look, Bonstetten! the great
+bear! There goes _Ursa Major_!" This was Johnson. Gray could not abide
+him.' Sir Egerton Brydges, quoted in Gosse's _Gray_, iii. 371. For the
+epithet _bear_ applied to Johnson see _ante_, ii. 66, 269, note i, and
+iv. 113, note 2. Boswell wrote on June 19, 1775:--'My father harps on my
+going over Scotland with a brute (think, how shockingly erroneous!), and
+wandering (or some such phrase) to London.' _Letters of Boswell_,
+p. 207.
+
+[1043] It is remarkable that Johnson in his _Life of Blackmore_
+[_Works_, viii. 42] calls the imaginary Mr. Johnson of the _Lay
+Monastery_ 'a constellation of excellence.' CROKER.
+
+[1044] Page 121. BOSWELL. See also _ante_, iii. 336.
+
+[1045] 'The late Sir Alexander Boswell,' wrote Sir Walter Scott, 'was a
+proud man, and, like his grandfather, thought that his father lowered
+himself by his deferential suit and service to Johnson. I have observed
+he disliked any allusion to the book or to Johnson himself, and I have
+heard that Johnson's fine picture by Sir Joshua was sent upstairs out of
+the sitting apartments at Auchinleck.' _Croker Corres_. ii. 32. This
+portrait, which was given by Sir Joshua to Boswell (Taylor's _Reynolds_,
+i. 147), is now in the possession of Mr. Charles Morrison.
+
+[1046] 'I have always said that first Whig was the devil.' _Ante_, iii.
+326
+
+[1047] See _ante_, ii. 26.
+
+[1048] Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. p. 266) has paid this tribute. 'Lord
+Elibank,' he writes, 'had a mind that embraced the greatest variety of
+topics, and produced the most original remarks. ... He had been a
+lieutenant-colonel in the army and was at the siege of Carthagena, of
+which he left an elegant account (which I'm afraid is lost). He was a
+Jacobite, and a member of the famous Cocoa-tree Club, and resigned his
+commission on some disgust.' Dr. Robertson and John Home were his
+neighbours in the country, 'who made him change or soften down many of
+his original opinions, and prepared him for becoming a most agreeable
+member of the Literary Society of Edinburgh.' Smollett in _Humphry
+Clinker_ (Letter of July 18), describes him as 'a nobleman whom I have
+long revered for his humanity and universal intelligence, over and above
+the entertainment arising from the originality of his character.'
+Boswell, in the _London Mag._ 1779, p. 179, thus mentions the Cocoa-tree
+Club:--'But even at Court, though I see much external obeisance, I do
+not find congenial sentiments to warm my heart; and except when I have
+the conversation of a very few select friends, I am never so well as
+when I sit down to a dish of coffee in the Cocoa Tree, sacred of old to
+loyalty, look round me to men of ancient families, and please myself
+with the consolatory thought that there is perhaps more good in the
+nation than I know.'
+
+[1049] Johnson's _Works_, vii. 380. See _ante_, i. 81.
+
+[1050] See _ante_, p. 53.
+
+[1051] The Mitre tavern. _Ante_, i. 425.
+
+[1052] Of this Earl of Kelly Boswell records the following pun:--'At a
+dinner at Mr. Crosbie's, when the company were very merry, the Rev. Dr.
+Webster told them he was sorry to go away so early, but was obliged to
+catch the tide, to cross the Firth of Forth. "Better stay a little,"
+said Thomas Earl of Kelly, "till you be half-seas over."' Rogers's
+_Boswelliana_, p. 325.
+
+[1053] See _ante_, i. 354.
+
+[1054] In the first edition, _and his son the advocate_. Under this son,
+A. F. Tytler, afterwards a Lord of Session by the title of Lord
+Woodhouselee, Scott studied history at Edinburgh College. Lockhart's
+_Scott_, ed. 1839, i. 59, 278.
+
+[1055] See _ante_, i. 396, and ii. 296.
+
+[1056] 'If we know little of the ancient Highlanders, let us not fill
+the vacuity with Ossian. If we have not searched the Magellanick
+regions, let us however forbear to people them with Patagons.' Johnson's
+_Works_, ix. 116. Horace Walpole wrote on May 22, 1766 (_Letters_, iv.
+500):--'Oh! but we have discovered a race of giants! Captain Byron has
+found a nation of Brobdignags on the coast of Patagonia; the inhabitants
+on foot taller than he and his men on horseback. I don't indeed know how
+he and his sailors came to be riding in the South Seas. However, it is a
+terrible blow to the Irish, for I suppose all our dowagers now will be
+for marrying Patagonians.'
+
+[1057] I desire not to be understood as agreeing _entirely_ with the
+opinions of Dr. Johnson, which I relate without any remark. The many
+imitations, however, of _Fingal_, that have been published, confirm this
+observation in a considerable degree. BOSWELL. Johnson said to Sir
+Joshua of Ossian:--'Sir, a man might write such stuff for ever, if he
+would _abandon_ his mind to it.' _Ante_, iv. 183.
+
+[1058] In the first edition (p. 485) this paragraph ran thus:--'Young
+Mr. Tytler stepped briskly forward, and said, "_Fingal_ is certainly
+genuine; for I have heard a great part of it repeated in the
+original."--Dr. Johnson indignantly asked him, "Sir, do you understand
+the original?"--_Tytler_. "No, Sir."--_Johnson_. "Why, then, we see to
+what this testimony comes:--Thus it is."--He afterwards said to me, "Did
+you observe the wonderful confidence with which young Tytler advanced,
+with his front already _brased_?"'
+
+[1059] For _in company_ we should perhaps read _in the company_.
+
+[1060] In the first edition, _this gentleman's talents and integrity
+are_, &c.
+
+[1061] 'A Scotchman must be a very sturdy moralist who does not love
+Scotland better than truth: he will always love it better than inquiry;
+and if falsehood flatters his vanity, will not be very diligent to
+detect it.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 116. See _ante_, ii. 311.
+
+[1062] See _ante_, p. 164.
+
+[1063] See _ante_, p. 242.
+
+[1064] See _ante_, iv. 253.
+
+[1065] Lord Chief Baron Geoffrey Gilbert published in 1760 a book on the
+Law of Evidence.
+
+[1066] See _ante_, ii. 302.
+
+[1067] Three instances, _ante_, pp. 160, 320.
+
+[1068] See _ante_, ii. 318.
+
+[1069] An instance is given in Sacheverell's _Account of the Isle of
+Man_, ed. 1702, p. 14.
+
+[1070] Mr. J. T. Clark, the Keeper of the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh,
+obligingly informs me that in the margin of the copy of Boswell's
+_Journal_ in that Library it is stated that this cause was _Wilson
+versus Maclean_.
+
+[1071] See _ante_, iv. 74, note 3.
+
+[1072] See _ante_, iii 69, 183.
+
+[1073] He is described in _Guy Mannering_, ed. 1860, iv. 98.
+
+[1074] See _ante_, p. 50.
+
+[1075] See _ante_, i. 458.
+
+[1076] 'We now observe that the Methodists, where they scatter their
+opinions, represent themselves as preaching the Gospel to unconverted
+nations; and enthusiasts of all kinds have been inclined to disguise
+their particular tenets with pompous appellations, and to imagine
+themselves the great instruments of salvation.' Johnson's _Works_,
+vi. 417.
+
+[1077]
+
+     Through various hazards and events we move.
+
+Dryden, [_Aeneid_, I. 204]. BOSWELL.
+
+[1078]
+
+     Long labours both by sea and land he bore.
+
+Dryden, [_Aeneid_, I. 3]. BOSWELL.
+
+[1079] The Jesuits, headed by Francis Xavier, made their appearance in
+Japan in 1549. The first persecution was in 1587; it was followed by
+others in 1590, 1597, 1637, 1638. _Encyclo. Brit_. 8th edit. xii. 697.
+
+[1080] 'They congratulate our return as if we had been with Phipps or
+Banks; I am ashamed of their salutations.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 203.
+Phipps had gone this year to the Arctic Ocean (_ante_, p. 236), and
+Banks had accompanied Captain Cook in 1768-1771. Johnson says however
+(_Works_, ix. 84), that 'to the southern inhabitants of Scotland the
+state of the mountains and the islands is equally unknown with that of
+Borneo or Sumatra.' See _ante_, p. 283, note 1, where Scott says that
+'the whole expedition was highly perilous.' Smollett, in _Humphry
+Clinker_ (Letter of July 18), says of Scotland in general:--'The people
+at the other end of the island know as little of Scotland as of Japan.'
+
+[1081] In sailing from Sky to Col. _Ante_, p. 280.
+
+[1082] Johnson, four years later, suggested to Boswell that he should
+write this history. _Ante_, iii. 162, 414.
+
+[1083] Voltaire was born in 1694; his _Louis XIV._ was published in 1751
+or 1752.
+
+[1084] A society for debate in Edinburgh, consisting of the most eminent
+men. BOSWELL. It was founded in 1754 by Allan Ramsay the painter, aided
+by Robertson, Hume, and Smith. Dugald Stewart (_Life of Robertson_, ed.
+1802, p. 5) says that 'it subsisted in vigour for six or seven years'
+and produced debates, such as have not often been heard in modern
+assemblies.' See also Dr. A. Carlyle's _Auto_. p. 297.
+
+[1085] 'As for Maclaurin's imitation of a _made dish_, it was a wretched
+attempt.' _Ante,_ i. 469.
+
+[1086] It was of Lord Elibank's French cook 'that he exclaimed with
+vehemence, "I'd throw such a rascal into the river."'_Ib._
+
+[1087] 'He praised _Gordon's palates_ with a warmth of expression which
+might have done honour to more important subjects.' _Ib._
+
+[1088] For the alarm he gave to Mrs. Boswell before this supper, see
+_ib._
+
+[1089] On Dr. Boswell's death, in 1780, Boswell wrote of him:--'He was a
+very good scholar, knew a great many things, had an elegant taste, and
+was very affectionate; but he had no conduct. His money was all gone.
+And do you know he was not confined to one woman. He had a strange kind
+of religion; but I flatter myself he will be ere long, if he is not
+already, in Heaven.' _Letters of Boswell_, p. 258.
+
+[1090] Johnson had written the _Life_ of 'the great Boerhaave,' as he
+called him. _Works_, vi. 292.
+
+[1091] 'At Edinburgh,' he wrote, 'I passed some days with men of
+learning, whose names want no advancement from my commemoration, or with
+women of elegance, which, perhaps, disclaims a pedant's praise.'
+Johnson's _Works_, ix. 159.
+
+[1092] See _ante_, iv. 178.
+
+[1093] 'My acquaintance,' wrote Richardson (_Corres_. iv. 317), 'lies
+chiefly among the ladies; I care not who knows it.' Mrs. Piozzi, in a
+marginal note on her own copy of the _Piozzi Letters_, says:--'Dr.
+Johnson said, that if Mr. Richardson had lived till _I_ came out, my
+praises would have added two or three years to his life. "For," says Dr.
+Johnson, "that fellow died merely from want of change among his
+flatterers: he perished for want of _more_, like a man obliged to
+breathe the same air till it is exhausted."' Hayward's _Piozzi_, i. 311.
+In her _Journey_, i. 265, she says:--'Richardson had seen little, and
+Johnson has often told me that he had read little.' See _ante_, iv. 28.
+
+[1094] He may live like a gentleman, but he must not 'call himself
+_Farmer_, and go about with a little round hat.' _Ante_, p. 111.
+
+[1095] Boswell italicises this word, I think, because Johnson objected
+to the misuse of it. '"Sir," said Mr. Edwards, "I remember you would not
+let us say _prodigious_ at college."' _Ante_, iii. 303.
+
+[1096] As I have been scrupulously exact in relating anecdotes
+concerning other persons, I shall not withhold any part of this story,
+however ludicrous.--I was so successful in this boyish frolick, that the
+universal cry of the galleries was, '_Encore_ the cow! _Encore_ the
+cow!' In the pride of my heart, I attempted imitations of some other
+animals, but with very inferior effect. My reverend friend, anxious for
+my _fame_, with an air of the utmost gravity and earnestness, addressed
+me thus: 'My dear sir, I would _confine_ myself to the _cow_.' BOSWELL.
+Blair's advice was expressed more emphatically, and with a peculiar
+_burr_--'_Stick to the cow_, mon.' WALTER SCOTT. Boswell's record, which
+moreover is far more humorous, is much more trustworthy than Scott's
+tradition.
+
+[1097] Mme. de Sevigne in describing a death wrote:--'Cela nous fit voir
+qu'on joue long-temps la comedie, et qu'a la mort on dit la verite.'
+Letter of June 24, 1672. Addison says:--'The end of a man's life is
+often compared to the winding up of a well-written play, where the
+principal persons still act in character, whatever the fate is which
+they undergo.... That innocent mirth which had been so conspicuous in
+Sir Thomas More's life did not forsake him to the last. His death was of
+a piece with his life. There was nothing in it new, forced, or
+affected.' _The Spectator_, No. 349. Young also thought, or at least,
+wrote differently.
+
+     'A death-bed's a detector of the heart.
+      Here tired dissimulation drops her mask.'
+
+_Night Thoughts, ii._
+
+'"Mirabeau dramatized his death" was the happy expression of the Bishop
+of Autun (Talleyrand).' Dumont's _Mirabeau_, p. 251. See _ante_,
+iii. 154.
+
+[1098] See _ante_, i. 408, 447; and ii. 219, 329.
+
+[1099] Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. p. 291) says of Blair's conversation that
+'it was so infantine that many people thought it impossible, at first
+sight, that he could be a man of sense or genius. He was as eager about
+a new paper to his wife's drawing-room, or his own new wig, as about a
+new tragedy or a new epic poem.' He adds, that he was 'capable of the
+most profound conversation, when circumstances led to it. He had not the
+least desire to shine, but was delighted beyond measure to shew other
+people in their best guise to his friends. "Did not I shew you the lion
+well to-day?" used he to say after the exhibition of a remarkable
+stranger.' He had no wit, and for humour hardly a relish. Robertson's
+reputation for wisdom may have been easily won. Dr. A. Carlyle says
+(_ib_. p. 287):--'Robertson's translations and paraphrases on other
+people's thoughts were so beautiful and so harmless that I never saw
+anybody lay claim to their own.' He may have flattered Johnson by
+dexterously echoing his sentiments.
+
+[1100] In the _Marmor Norfolciense (ante_, i. 141) Johnson says:--'I
+know that the knowledge of the alphabet is so disreputable among these
+gentlemen [of the army], that those who have by ill-fortune formerly
+been taught it have partly forgot it by disuse, and partly concealed it
+from the world, to avoid the railleries and insults to which their
+education might make them liable.' Johnson's _Works,_ vi. III. See
+_ante_, iii. 265.
+
+[1101] 'One of the young ladies had her slate before her, on which I
+wrote a question consisting of three figures to be multiplied by two
+figures. She looked upon it, and quivering her fingers in a manner which
+I thought very pretty, but of which I knew not whether it was art or
+play, multiplied the sum regularly in two lines, observing the decimal
+place; but did not add the two lines together, probably disdaining so
+easy an operation.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 161.
+
+[1102]
+
+     'Words gigantic.'
+
+FRANCIS. Horace, _Ars Poet._. 1. 97.
+
+[1103] One of the best criticks of our age 'does not wish to prevent the
+admirers of the incorrect and nerveless style which generally prevailed
+for a century before Dr. Johnson's energetick writings were known, from
+enjoying the laugh that this story may produce, in which he is very
+ready to join them.' He, however, requests me to observe, that 'my
+friend very properly chose a _long_ word on this occasion, not, it is
+believed, from any predilection for polysyllables, (though he certainly
+had a due respect for them,) but in order to put Mr. Braidwood's skill
+to the strictest test, and to try the efficacy of his instruction by the
+most difficult exertion of the organs of his pupils.' BOSWELL. 'One of
+the best critics of our age' is, I believe, Malone. See _ante_, p.
+78, note 5.
+
+[1104] It was here that Lord Auchinleck called him _Ursa Major. Ante_,
+p. 384.
+
+[1105] See _ante_, iii. 266, and v. 20, where 'Mr. Crosbie said that the
+English are better animals than the Scots.'
+
+[1106] Johnson himself had laughed at them (_ante_, ii. 210) and accused
+them of foppery (_ante_, ii. 237).
+
+[1107] Johnson said, 'I never think I have hit hard, unless it rebounds
+(_ante_, ii. 335), and, 'I would rather be attacked than unnoticed'
+(_ante_, iii. 375). When he was told of a caricature 'of the nine muses
+flogging him round Parnassus,' he said, 'Sir, I am very glad to hear
+this. I hope the day will never arrive when I shall neither be the
+object of calumny or ridicule, for then I shall be neglected and
+forgotten.' Croker's _Boswell_, p. 837. See _ante_, ii. 61, and pp. 174,
+273. 'There was much laughter when M. de Lesseps mentioned that on his
+first visit to England the publisher who brought out the report of his
+meeting charged, as the first item of his bill, "L50 for attacking the
+book in order to make it succeed." "Since then," observed M. de Lesseps,
+"I have been attacked gratuitously, and have got on without paying."'
+The Times, Feb. 19, 1884.
+
+[1108]
+
+     'To wing my flight to fame.'
+
+DRYDEN. Virgil, _Georgics_, iii. 9.
+
+[1109] On Nov. 12 he wrote to Mrs. Thrale:--'We came hither (to
+Edinburgh) on the ninth of this month. I long to come under your care,
+but for some days cannot decently get away.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 202.
+
+[1110] He would have been astonished had he known that a few miles from
+Edinburgh he had passed through two villages of serfs. The coal-hewers
+and salt-makers of Tranent and Preston-Pans were still sold with the
+soil. 'In Scotland domestic slavery is unknown, except so far as regards
+the coal-hewers and salt-makers, whose condition, it must be confessed,
+bears some resemblance to slavery; because all who have once acted in
+either of the capacities are compellable to serve, and fixed to their
+respective places of employment during life.' Hargrave's _Argument in
+the case of James Sommersett_, 1772. Had Johnson known this he might
+have given as his toast when in company with some very grave men at
+_Edinburgh_:--'Here's to the next insurrection of the slaves in
+_Scotland_.' _Ante_, iii. 200.
+
+[1111] The year following in the House of Commons he railed at the
+London booksellers, 'who, he positively asserted, entirely governed the
+newspapers.' 'For his part,' he added, 'he had ordered that no English
+newspaper should come within his doors for three months.' _Parl. Hist_.
+xvii. 1090.
+
+[1112] See _ante_, iii. 373.
+
+[1113] 'At the latter end of 1630 Ben Jonson went on foot into Scotland,
+on purpose to visit Drummond. His adventures in this journey he wrought
+into a poem; but that copy, with many other pieces, was accidentally
+burned.' Whalley's _Ben Jonson_, Preface, p. xlvi.
+
+[1114] Perhaps the same woman showed the chapel who was there 29 years
+later, when Scott visited it. One of his friends 'hoped that they might,
+as habitual visitors, escape hearing the usual endless story of the
+silly old woman that showed the ruins'; but Scott answered, 'There is a
+pleasure in the song which none but the songstress knows, and by telling
+her we know it all ready we should make the poor devil unhappy.'
+Lockharts _Scott_, ed. 1839, ii. 106.
+
+[1115] _ O rare Ben Jonson_ is on Jonson's tomb in Westminster Abbey.
+
+[1116] See _ante_, ii. 365.
+
+[1117] 'Essex was at that time confined to the same chamber of the Tower
+from which his father Lord Capel had been led to death, and in which his
+wife's grandfather had inflicted a voluntary death upon himself. When he
+saw his friend carried to what he reckoned certain fate, their common
+enemies enjoying the spectacle, and reflected that it was he who had
+forced Lord Howard upon the confidence of Russel, he retired, and, by a
+_Roman death_, put an end to his misery.' Dalrymple's _Memoirs of Great
+Britain and Ireland_, vol. i. p. 36. BOSWELL. In the original after 'his
+wife's grandfather,' is added 'Lord Northumberland.' It was his wife's
+great-grandfather, the eighth Earl of Northumberland. He killed himself
+in 1585. Burke's _Peerage_.
+
+[1118] Dr. A. Carlyle (_Auto_. p. 293) says of Robertson and
+Blair:--'Having been bred at a time when the common people thought to
+play with cards or dice was a sin, and everybody thought it an indecorum
+in clergymen, they could neither of them play at golf or bowls, and far
+less at cards or backgammon, and on that account were very unhappy when
+from home in friends' houses in the country in rainy weather. As I had
+set the first example of playing at cards at home with unlocked door
+[Carlyle was a minister], and so relieved the clergy from ridicule on
+that side, they both learned to play at whist after they were sixty.'
+See _ante_, iii. 23.
+
+[1119] See _ante_, i. 149, and v. 350.
+
+[1120] See _ante_, iv. 54.
+
+[1121] He wrote to Boswell on Nov. 16, 1776 (_ante_, iii. 93):--'The
+expedition to the Hebrides was the most pleasant journey that I ever
+made.' In his _Diary_ he recorded on Jan. 9, 1774:--'In the autumn I
+took a journey to the Hebrides, but my mind was not free from
+perturbation.' _Pr. and Med._ p. 136. The following letter to Dr. Taylor
+I have copied from the original in the possession of my friend Mr. M. M.
+Holloway:--
+
+'DEAR SIR,
+
+'When I was at Edinburgh I had a letter from you, telling me that in
+answer to some enquiry you were informed that I was in the Sky. I was
+then I suppose in the western islands of Scotland; I set out on the
+northern expedition August 6, and came back to Fleet-street, November
+26. I have seen a new region.
+
+'I have been upon seven of the islands, and probably should have visited
+many more, had we not begun our journey so late in the year, that the
+stormy weather came upon us, and the storms have I believe for about
+five months hardly any intermission.
+
+'Your Letter told me that you were better. When you write do not forget
+to confirm that account. I had very little ill health while I was on the
+journey, and bore rain and wind tolerably well. I had a cold and
+deafness only for a few days, and those days I passed at a good house. I
+have traversed the east coast of Scotland from south to north from
+Edinburgh to Inverness, and the west coast from north to south, from the
+Highlands to Glasgow, and am come back as I went,
+
+'Sir,
+
+'Your affectionate humble servant,
+
+'SAM. JOHNSON.'
+
+'Jan. 15, 1774.
+
+'To the Reverend Dr. Taylor,
+
+'in Ashbourn,
+
+'Derbyshire.'
+
+[1122] Johnson speaking of this tour on April 10, 1783, said:--'I got an
+acquisition of more ideas by it than by anything that I remember.'
+_Ante_, iv. 199.
+
+[1123] See _ante_, p. 48.
+
+[1124] See _ante_, i. 408, 443, note 2, and ii. 303.
+
+[1125] 'It may be doubted whether before the Union any man between
+Edinburgh and England had ever set a tree.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 8.
+
+[1126] See _ante_, p. 69.
+
+[1127] Lord Balmerino's estate was forfeited to the Crown on his
+conviction for high treason in 1746 (_ante_, i. 180).
+
+[1128] 'I know not that I ever heard the wind so loud in any other
+place; and Mr. Boswell observed that its noise was all its own, for
+there were no trees to increase it.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 122. See
+_ante_, p. 304.
+
+[1129] See _ante_, ii. 300.
+
+[1130] 'Strong reasons for incredulity will readily occur. This faculty
+of seeing things out of sight is local and commonly useless. It is a
+breach of the common order of things, without any visible reason or
+perceptible benefit.' Johnson's _Works_, ix. 106.
+
+[1131] 'To the confidence of these objections it may be replied... that
+second sight is only wonderful because it is rare, for, considered in
+itself, it involves no more difficulty than dreams.' _Ib._
+
+[1132] The fossilist of last century is the geologist of this. Neither
+term is in Johnson's _Dictionary_, but Johnson in his _Journey (Works_,
+ix. 43) speaks of 'Mr. Janes the fossilist.'
+
+[1133] _Ib_. p. 157.
+
+[1134] _Ib_. p. 6. I do not see anything silly in the story. It is
+however better told in a letter to Mrs. Thrale. _Piozzi Letters_,
+i. 112.
+
+[1135] Mr. Orme, one of the ablest historians of this age, is of the
+same opinion. He said to me, 'There are in that book thoughts, which, by
+long revolution in the great mind of Johnson, have been formed and
+polished--like pebbles rolled in the ocean.' BOSWELL. See _ante_, ii.
+300, and iii. 284.
+
+[1136] See _ante_, iii. 301.
+
+[1137] Johnson (_Works_, ix. 158) mentions 'a national combination so
+invidious that their friends cannot defend it.' See _ante_, ii.
+307, 311.
+
+[1138] See _ante_, p. 269, note 1.
+
+[1139] Every reader will, I am sure, join with me in warm admiration of
+the truly patriotic writer of this letter. I know not which most to
+applaud--that good sense and liberality of mind, which could see and
+admit the defects of his native country, to which no man is a more
+zealous friend:--or that candour, which induced him to give just praise
+to the minister whom he honestly and strenuously opposed. BOSWELL.
+
+[1140] The original MS. is now in my possession. BOSWELL.
+
+[1141] The passage that gave offence was as follows:--'Mr. Macleod is
+the proprietor of the islands of Raasay, Rona, and Fladda, and possesses
+an extensive district in Sky. The estate has not during four hundred
+years gained or lost a single acre. He acknowledges Macleod of Dunvegan
+as his chief, though his ancestors have formerly disputed the
+pre-eminence.' First edition, p. 132. The second edition was not
+published till the year after Johnson's death. In it the passage remains
+unchanged. To it the following note was prefixed: 'Strand, Oct. 26,
+1785. Since this work was printed off, the publisher, having been
+informed that the author some years ago had promised the Laird of Raasay
+to correct in a future edition a passage concerning him, thinks it a
+justice due to that gentleman to insert here the advertisement relative
+to this matter, which was published by Dr. Johnson's desire in the
+Edinburgh newspapers in the year 1775, and which has been lately
+reprinted in Mr. Boswell's _Tour to the Hebrides_.' (It is not unlikely
+that the publication of Boswell's _Tour_ occasioned a fresh demand for
+Johnson's _Journey_.) In later editions all the words after 'a single
+acre' are silently struck out. Johnson's _Works_, ix. 55. See
+_ante_, ii. 382.
+
+[1142] Rasay was highly gratified, and afterwards visited and dined with
+Dr. Johnson at his house in London. BOSWELL. Johnson wrote on May 12,
+1775:--'I have offended; and what is stranger, have justly offended, the
+nation of Rasay. If they could come hither, they would be as fierce as
+the Americans. _Rasay_ has written to Boswell an account of the injury
+done him by representing his house as subordinate to that of Dunvegan.
+Boswell has his letter, and, I believe, copied my answer. I have
+appeased him, if a degraded chief can possibly be appeased: but it will
+be thirteen days--days of resentment and discontent--before my
+recantation can reach him. Many a dirk will imagination, during that
+interval, fix in my heart. I really question if at this time my life
+would not be in danger, if distance did not secure it. Boswell will find
+his way to Streatham before he goes, and will detail this great affair.'
+_Piozzi Letters_, i. 216.
+
+[1143] In like manner he communicated to Sir William Forbes part of his
+journal from which he made the _Life of Johnson_. _Ante_, iii. 208.
+
+[1144] In justice both to Sir William Forbes, and myself, it is proper
+to mention, that the papers which were submitted to his perusal
+contained only an account of our Tour from the time that Dr. Johnson and
+I set out from Edinburgh (p. 58), and consequently did not contain the
+elogium on Sir William Forbes, (p. 24), which he never saw till this
+book appeared in print; nor did he even know, when he wrote the above
+letter, that this _Journal_ was to be published. BOSWELL. This note is
+not in the first edition.
+
+[1145] _Hamlet_, act iii. sc. 1.
+
+[1146] Both _Nonpareil_ and _Bon Chretien_ are in Johnson's
+_Dictionary_; _Nonpareil_, is defined as _a kind of apple_, and _Bon
+Chretien_ as _a species of pear_.
+
+[1147] See _ante_, p. 311.
+
+[1148] See _ante_, iv. 9.
+
+[1149] 'Dryden's contemporaries, however they reverenced his genius,
+left his life unwritten; and nothing therefore can be known beyond what
+casual mention and uncertain tradition have supplied.' Johnson's
+_Works_, vii. 245. See _ante_, iii. 71.
+
+[1150]
+
+     'Before great Agamemnon reign'd
+      Reign'd kings as great as he, and brave
+      Whose huge ambition's now contain'd
+      In the small compass of a grave;
+      In endless night they sleep, unwept, unknown,
+      No bard had they to make all time their own.'
+
+FRANCIS. Horace, _Odes_, iv. 9. 25.
+
+[1151] Having found, on a revision of the first edition of this work,
+that, notwithstanding my best care, a few observations had escaped me,
+which arose from the instant impression, the publication of which might
+perhaps be considered as passing the bounds of a strict decorum, I
+immediately ordered that they should be omitted in the subsequent
+editions. I was pleased to find that they did not amount in the whole to
+a page. If any of the same kind are yet left, it is owing to
+inadvertence alone, no man being more unwilling to give pain to others
+than I am.
+
+A contemptible scribbler, of whom I have learned no more than that,
+after having disgraced and deserted the clerical character, he picks up
+in London a scanty livelihood by scurrilous lampoons under a feigned
+name, has impudently and falsely asserted that the passages omitted were
+_defamatory_, and that the omission was not voluntary, but compulsory.
+The last insinuation I took the trouble publickly to disprove; yet, like
+one of Pope's dunces, he persevered in 'the lie o'erthrown.' [_Prologue
+to the Satires_, l. 350.] As to the charge of defamation, there is an
+obvious and certain mode of refuting it. Any person who thinks it worth
+while to compare one edition with the other, will find that the passages
+omitted were not in the least degree of that nature, but exactly such as
+I have represented them in the former part of this note, the hasty
+effusion of momentary feelings, which the delicacy of politeness should
+have suppressed. BOSWELL. In the second edition this note ended at the
+first paragraph, the latter part being added in the third. For the 'few
+observations omitted' see _ante_, pp. 148, 381, 388.
+
+The 'contemptible scribbler' was, I believe, John Wolcot, better known
+by his assumed name of Peter Pindar. He had been a clergyman. In his
+_Epistle to Boswell (Works_, i. 219), he says in reference to the
+passages about Sir A. Macdonald (afterwards Lord Macdonald):--'A letter
+of severe remonstrance was sent to Mr. B., who, in consequence, omitted
+in the second edition of his _Journal_ what is so generally pleasing to
+the public, viz., the scandalous passages relative to that nobleman.' It
+was in a letter to the _Gent. Mag._ 1786, p. 285, that Boswell
+'publickly disproved the insinuation' made 'in a late scurrilous
+publication' that these passages 'were omitted in consequence of a
+letter from his Lordship. Nor was any application,' he continues, 'made
+to me by the nobleman alluded to at any time to make any alteration in
+my _Journal_.'
+
+[1152]
+
+         'Nothing extenuate
+     Nor set down aught in malice.'
+
+_Othello_, act v. sc. 2.
+
+[1153] See _ante_, i. 189, note 2, 296, 297; and Johnson's _Works_, v.
+23.
+
+[1154] Of his two imitations Boswell means _The Vanity of Human Wishes_,
+of which one hundred lines were written in a day. _Ante_, i. 192,
+and ii. 15.
+
+[1155] Johnson, it should seem, did not allow that there was any
+pleasure in writing poetry. 'It has been said there is pleasure in
+writing, particularly in writing verses. I allow you may have pleasure
+from writing after it is over, if you have written well; but you don't
+go willingly to it again.' _Ante_, iv. 219. What Johnson always sought
+was to sufficiently occupy the mind. So long as that was done, that
+labour would, I believe, seem to him the pleasanter which required the
+less thought.
+
+[1156] Nathan Bailey published his _English Dictionary_ in 1721.
+
+[1157]
+
+     'Woolston, the scourge of scripture, mark with awe!
+      And mighty Jacob, blunderbuss of law.'
+
+_The Dunciad_, first ed., bk. iii. l. 149. Giles Jacob published a _Law
+Dictionary_ in 1729.
+
+[1158] _Ante_, p. 393.
+
+[1159] A writer in the _Gent. Mag._ 1786, p. 388, with some reason
+says:--'I heartily wish Mr. Boswell would get this Latin poem translated.'
+
+[1160] Boswell, briefly mentioning the tour which Johnson made to Wales
+in the year 1774 with Mr. and Mrs. Thrale, says:--'I do not find that
+he kept any journal or notes of what he saw there' (_ante_, ii. 285). A
+journal had been kept however, which in 1816 was edited and published by
+Mr. Duppa. Mrs. Piozzi, writing in October of that year, says that three
+years earlier she had been shewn the MS. by a Mr. White, and that it was
+genuine. 'The gentleman who possessed it seemed shy of letting me read
+the whole, and did not, as it appeared, like being asked how it came
+into his hands.' Hayward's _Piozzi_, ii. 177. According to Mr. Croker
+(Croker's _Boswell_, p. 415) 'it was preserved by Johnson's servant,
+Barber. How it escaped Boswell's research is not known.' A fragment of
+Johnson's _Annals_, also preserved by Barber, had in like manner never
+been seen by Boswell; _ante_, i. 35, note 1. The editor of these
+_Annals_ says (Preface, p. v):--'Francis Barber, unwilling that all the
+MSS. of his illustrious master should be utterly lost, preserved these
+relicks from the flames. By purchase from Barber's widow they came into
+the possession of the editor.' It seems likely that Barber was afraid to
+own what he had done; though as he was the residuary legatee he was safe
+from all consequences, unless the executors of the will who were to hold
+the residue of the estate in trust for him had chosen to proceed against
+him. Mr. Duppa in editing this Journal received assistance from Mrs.
+Piozzi, 'who,' he says (Preface, p. xi), 'explained many facts which
+could not otherwise have been understood.' A passage in one of her
+letters dated Bath, Oct. 11, 1816, shows how unfriendly were the
+relations between her and her eldest daughter, Johnson's Queeny, who had
+married Admiral Lord Keith. 'I am sadly afraid,' she writes, 'of Lady
+K.'s being displeased, and fancying I promoted this publication. Could I
+have caught her for a quarter-of-an-hour, I should have proved my
+innocence, and might have shown her Duppa's letter; but she left neither
+note, card, nor message, and when my servant ran to all the inns in
+chase of her, he learned that she had left the White Hart at twelve
+o'clock. Vexatious! but it can't be helped. I hope the pretty little
+girl my people saw with her will pay her more tender attention.' Three
+days later she wrote:--'Johnson's _Diary_ is selling rapidly, though the
+contents are _bien maigre_, I must confess. Mr. Duppa has politely
+suppressed some sarcastic expressions about my family, the Cottons, whom
+we visited at Combermere, and at Lleweney.' Hayward's _Piozzi_, ii.
+176-9. Mr. Croker in 1835 was able to make 'a collation of the original
+MS., which has supplied many corrections and some omissions in Mr.
+Duppa's text.' Mr. Croker's text I have generally followed.
+
+[1161] 'When I went with Johnson to Lichfield, and came down to
+breakfast at the inn, my dress did not please him, and he made me alter
+it entirely before he would stir a step with us about the town, saying
+most satirical things concerning the appearance I made in a
+riding-habit; and adding, "'Tis very strange that such eyes as yours
+cannot discern propriety of dress; if I had a sight only half as good, I
+think I should see to the centre."' Piozzi's _Anec_. p. 288.
+
+[1162] For Mrs. (Miss) Porter, Mrs. (Miss) Aston, Mr. Green, Mrs. Cobb,
+Mr. (Peter) Garrick, Miss Seward, and Dr. Taylor, see _ante_,
+ii. 462-473.
+
+[1163] Dr. Erasmus Darwin, the physiologist and poet, grandfather of
+Charles Darwin. Mrs. Piozzi when at Florence wrote:--'I have no roses
+equal to those at Lichfield, where on one tree I recollect counting
+eighty-four within my own reach; it grew against the house of Dr.
+Darwin.' Piozzi's _Journey_, i. 278.
+
+[1164] See _ante_, iii. 124, for mention of her father and brother.
+
+[1165] The verse in _Martial_ is:--
+
+     'Defluat, et lento splendescat turbida limo.'
+
+In the common editions it has the number 45, and not 44. DUPPA.
+
+[1166] See _ante_, iii. 187.
+
+[1167] Johnson wrote on Nov. 27, 1772, 'I was yesterday at Chatsworth.
+They complimented me with playing the fountain and opening the cascade.
+But I am of my friend's opinion, that when one has seen the ocean
+cascades are but little things.' _Piozzi Letters_, i.69.
+
+[1168] 'A water-work with a concealed spring, which, upon touching,
+spouted out streams from every bough of a willow-tree.' _Piozzi
+MS_. CROKER.
+
+[1169] A race-horse, which attracted so much of Dr. Johnson's attention,
+that he said, 'of all the Duke's possessions, I like Atlas best.' DUPPA.
+
+[1170] For Johnson's last visit to Chatsworth, see _ante_, iv. 357, 367.
+
+[1171] 'From the Muses, Sir Thomas More bore away the first crown,
+Erasmus the second, and Micyllus has the third.' In the MS. Johnson has
+introduced [Greek: aeren] by the side of [Greek: eilen], DUPPA. 'Jacques
+Moltzer, en Latin Micyllus. Ce surnom lui fut donne le jour ou il
+remplissait avec le plus grand succes le role de Micyllus dans _Le
+Songe_ de Lucien qui, arrange en drame, fut represente au college de
+Francfort. Ne en 1503, mort en 1558.' _Nouv. Biog. Gen._ xxxv. 922.
+
+[1172] See _ante_, ii. 324, note I, and iii. 138.
+
+[1173] Mr. Gilpin was an undergraduate at Oxford. DUPPA.
+
+[1174] John Parker, of Brownsholme, in Lancashire [Browsholme, in
+Yorkshire], Esq. DUPPA.
+
+[1175] Mrs. Piozzi 'rather thought' that this was _Capability Brown_
+[_ante_, iii. 400]. CROKER.
+
+[1176] Mr. Gell, of Hopton Hall, father of Sir William Gell, well known
+for his topography of Troy. DUPPA.
+
+[1177] See _ante_, iii. 160, for a visit paid by Johnson and Boswell to
+Kedleston in 1777.
+
+[1178] See _ante_, iii. 164.
+
+[1179] The parish of Prestbury. DUPPA.
+
+[1180] At this time the seat of Sir Lynch Salusbury Cotton [Mrs.
+Thrale's relation], now, of Lord Combermere, his grandson, from which
+place he takes his title. DUPPA.
+
+[1181] Shavington Hall, in Shropshire. DUPPA.
+
+[1182] 'To guard. To adorn with lists, laces or ornamental borders.
+Obsolete.' Johnson's _Dictionary._
+
+[1183] Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale on Nov. 13, 1783:--'You seem to
+mention Lord Kilmurrey _(sic)_ as a stranger. We were at his house in
+Cheshire [Shropshire].... Do not you remember how he rejoiced in having
+_no_ park? He could not disoblige his neighbours by sending them _no_
+venison.' _Piozzi Letters,_ ii. 326.
+
+[1184] This remark has reference to family conversation. Robert was the
+eldest son of Sir L.S. Cotton, and lived at Lleweney. DUPPA.
+
+[1185] _Paradise Lost,_ book xi. v. 642. DUPPA.
+
+[1186] See Mrs. Piozzi's _Synonymy_, i. 323, for an anecdote of this
+walk.
+
+[1187] Lleweney Hall was the residence of Robert Cotton, Esq., Mrs.
+Thrale's cousin german. Here Mr. and Mrs. Thrale and Dr. Johnson staid
+three weeks. DUPPA. Mrs. Piozzi wrote in 1817:--'Poor old Lleweney Hall!
+pulled down after standing 1000 years in possession of the Salusburys.'
+Hayward's _Piozzi_, ii. 206.
+
+[1188] Johnson's name for Mrs. Thrale. _Ante,_ i. 494.
+
+[1189] Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale on Sept. 13, 1777:--'Boswell wants
+to see Wales; but except the woods of Bachycraigh, what is there in
+Wales? What that can fill the hunger of ignorance, or quench the thirst
+of curiosity?' _Piozzi Letters,_ i. 367. _Ante,_ iii. 134, note 1.
+
+[1190] Pennant gives a description of this house, in a tour he made into
+North Wales in 1780:--'Not far from Dymerchion, lies half buried in
+woods the singular house of Bach y Graig. It consists of a mansion of
+three sides, enclosing a square court. The first consists of a vast hall
+and parlour: the rest of it rises into six wonderful stories, including
+the cupola; and forms from the second floor the figure of a pyramid: the
+rooms are small and inconvenient. The bricks are admirable, and appear
+to have been made in Holland; and the model of the house was probably
+brought from Flanders, where this kind of building is not unfrequent. It
+was built by Sir Richard Clough, an eminent merchant, in the reign of
+Queen Elizabeth. The initials of his name are in iron on the front, with
+the date 1567, and on the gateway 1569.' DUPPA.
+
+[1191] Bishop Shipley, whom Johnson described as _'knowing and
+convertible' Ante,_ iv. 246. Johnson, in his _Dictionary_, says that
+_'conversable_ is sometimes written _conversible_, but improperly.'
+
+[1192] William Lloyd, Bishop of St. Asaph and afterwards of Worcester.
+He was one of the seven Bishops who were sent to the Tower in 1688. His
+character is drawn by Burnet, _History of His Own Time_, ed. 1818, i.
+210. It was he of whom Bishop Wilkins said that 'Lloyd had the most
+learning in ready cash of any he ever knew.' _Ante_, ii. 256, note 3.
+
+[1193] A curious account of Dodwell and 'the paradoxes after which he
+seemed to hunt' is given in Burnet, iv. 303. He was Camden Professor of
+Ancient History in the University of Oxford. 'It was about him that
+William III uttered those memorable words: "He has set his heart on
+being a martyr; and I have set mine on disappointing him."' Macaulay's
+_England_, ed. 1874, iv. 226. See Hearne in Leland's _Itin._, 3rd ed.
+v. 136.
+
+[1194] By Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, in 1579. DUPPA.
+
+[1195] See _ante_, iii. 357, and v. 42.
+
+[1196] Perhaps Johnson wrote _mere_.
+
+[1197] Humphry Llwyd was a native of Denbigh, and practised there as a
+physician, and also represented the town in Parliament. He died 1568,
+aged 41. DUPPA.
+
+[1198] Mrs. Thrale's father. DUPPA.
+
+[1199] Cowper wrote a few years later in the first book of _The Task_,
+in his description of the grounds at Weston Underwood:--
+
+     'Not distant far a length of colonnade
+      Invites us. Monument of ancient taste,
+      Now scorned, but worthy of a better fate.
+      Our fathers knew the value of a screen
+      From sultry suns, and in their shaded walks
+      And long-protracted bowers enjoyed at noon
+      The gloom and coolness of declining day.
+      We bear our shades about us: self-deprived
+      Of other screen, the thin umbrella spread,
+      And range an Indian waste without a tree.
+      Thanks to Benevolus [A]--he spares me yet
+      These chestnuts ranged in corresponding lines,
+      And though himself so polished still reprieves
+      The obsolete prolixity of shade.'
+
+
+
+[1200] Such a passage as this shews that Johnson was not so insensible
+to nature as is often asserted. Mrs. Piozzi (_Anec._ p. 99) says:--'Mr.
+Thrale loved prospects, and was mortified that his friend could not
+enjoy the sight of those different dispositions of wood and water, hill
+and valley, that travelling through England and France affords a man.
+But when he wished to point them out to his companion: "Never heed such
+nonsense," would he reply; "a blade of grass is always a blade of grass,
+whether in one country or another. Let us, if we _do_ talk, talk about
+something; men and women are my subjects of enquiry; let us see how
+these differ from those we have left behind."' She adds (p. 265):--
+'Walking in a wood when it rained was, I think, the only rural image he
+pleased his fancy with; "for," says he, "after one has gathered the
+apples in an orchard, one wishes them well baked, and removed to a
+London eating-house for enjoyment."' See _ante_, pp. 132, note 1, 141,
+note 2, 333, note i, and 346, note i, for Johnson's descriptions of
+scenery. Passages in his letters shew that he had some enjoyment of
+country life. Thus he writes:--'I hope to see standing corn in some part
+of the earth this summer, but I shall hardly smell hay or suck clover
+flowers.' _Piozzi Letters_, ii. 140. 'What I shall do next I know not;
+all my schemes of rural pleasure have been some way or other
+disappointed.' _Ib._ p. 372. 'I hope Mrs. ------ when she came to her
+favourite place found her house dry, and her woods growing, and the
+breeze whistling, and the birds singing, and her own heart dancing.'
+_Ib._ p. 401. In this very trip to Wales, after describing the high bank
+of a river 'shaded by gradual rows of trees,' he writes:--'The gloom,
+the stream, and the silence generate thoughtfulness.' _Post,_ p. 454.
+
+[A] Mr. Throckmorton the owner.
+
+[1201] In the MS. in Dr. Johnson's handwriting, he has first entered in
+his diary, 'The old Clerk had great appearance of joy at seeing his
+Mistress, and foolishly said that he was now willing to die:' he
+afterwards wrote in a separate column, on the same leaf, under the head
+of _notes and omissions,_ 'He had a crown;' and then he appears to have
+read over his diary at a future time, and interlined the paragraph with
+the words 'only'--'given him by my Mistress,' which is written in ink of
+a different colour. DUPPA. 'If Mr. Duppa,' wrote Mrs. Piozzi, 'does not
+send me a copy of Johnson's _Diary,_ he is as shabby as it seems our
+Doctor thought me, when I gave but a crown to the old clerk. The poor
+clerk had probably never seen a crown in his possession before. Things
+were very distant A.D. 1774 from what they are 1816.' Hayward's
+_Piozzi,_ ii. 178. Mrs. Piozzi writes as if Johnson's censure had been
+passed in 1816 and not in 1774.
+
+[1202] Mrs. Piozzi has the following MS. note on this:--'He said I
+flattered the people to whose houses we went. I was saucy, and said I
+was obliged to be civil for two, meaning himself and me. He replied
+nobody would thank me for compliments they did not understand. At
+Gwaynynog _he_ was flattered, and was happy of course.' Hayward's
+_Piozzi,_ i. 75. Sept. 21, 1778. _Mrs. Thrale._ 'I remember, Sir, when
+we were travelling in Wales, how you called me to account for my
+civility to the people. "Madam," you said, "let me have no more of this
+idle commendation of nothing. Why is it that whatever you see, and
+whoever you see, you are to be so indiscriminately lavish of praise?"
+"Why I'll tell you, Sir," said I, "when I am with you, and Mr. Thrale,
+and Queeny [Miss Thrale], I am obliged to be civil for four."' Mme.
+D'Arblay's _Diary,_ i. 132. On June 11, 1775, he wrote to Mrs. Thrale
+from Lichfield:--'Everybody remembers you all: you left a good
+impression behind you. I hope you will do the same at------. Do not make
+them speeches. Unusual compliments, to which there is no stated and
+prescriptive answer, embarrass the feeble, who know not what to say, and
+disgust the wise, who knowing them to be false suspect them to be
+hypocritical.' _Piozzi Letters,_ i. 232. She records that he once said
+to her:--'You think I love flattery, and so I do, but a little too much
+always disgusts me. That fellow Richardson [the novelist] on the
+contrary could not be contented to sail quietly down the stream of
+reputation, without longing to taste the froth from every stroke of the
+oar.' Piozzi's _Anec._ p. 184. See _ante_, iii. 293, for Johnson's
+rebuke of Hannah More's flattery.
+
+[1203] Johnson, in his Dictionary, defines _calamine_ or _lapis
+calaminaris_ as _a kind of fossile bituminous earth, which being mixed
+with copper changes it into brass._ It is native siliceous oxide of
+zinc. _The Imperial Dictionary._
+
+[1204] See _ante,_ iii. 164.
+
+[1205] 'No' or 'little' is here probably omitted. CROKER.
+
+[1206] The name of this house is Bodryddan; formerly the residence of
+the Stapyltons, the parents of five co-heiresses, of whom Mrs. Cotton,
+afterwards Lady Salusbury Cotton, was one. DUPPA.
+
+[1207] 'Dr. Johnson, whose ideas of anything not positively large were
+ever mingled with contempt, asked of one of our sharp currents in North
+Wales, "Has this _brook_ e'er a name?" and received for answer, "Why,
+dear Sir, this is the _River_ Ustrad." "Let us," said he, turning to his
+friend, "jump over it directly, and shew them how an Englishman should
+treat a Welsh river."' Piozzi's _Synonymy,_ i. 82.
+
+[1208] See _ante_, i. 313, note 4.
+
+[1209] On Aug. 16 he wrote to Mr. Levett:--'I have made nothing of the
+Ipecacuanha.' _Ante_, ii. 282. Mr. Croker suggests that _up_ is omitted
+after 'I gave.'
+
+[1210] See _post_, p. 453.
+
+[1211] F.G. are the printer's signatures, by which it appears that at
+this time four sheets (B, C, D, E), or 64 pages had already been
+printed. The MS. was 'put to the press' on June 20. _Ante_, ii. 278.
+
+[1212] The English version Psalm 36 begins,--'My heart sheweth me the
+wickedness of the ungodly,' which has no relation to 'Dixit injustus.'
+
+[1213] This alludes to 'A prayer by R.W., (evidently Robert Wisedom)
+which Sir Henry Ellis, of the British Museum, has found among the Hymns
+which follow the old version of the singing Psalms, at the end of
+Barker's _Bible_ of 1639. It begins,
+
+     'Preserve us, Lord, by thy deare word,
+      From Turk and Pope, defend us Lord,
+      Which both would thrust out of his throne
+      Our Lord Jesus Christ, thy deare son.'
+
+CROKER.
+
+[1214] 'Proinde quum dominus Matth. 6 docet discipulos suos ne in orando
+multiloqui sint, nihil aliud docet quam ne credant deum inani verborum
+strepitu flecti rem eandem subinde flagitantium. Nam Graecis est [Greek:
+battologaesate]. [Greek: Battologein] autem illis dicitur qui voces
+easdem frequenter iterant sine causa, vel loquacitatis, vel naturae, vel
+consuetudinis vitio. Alioqui juxta precepta rhetorum nonnunquam laudis
+est iterare verba, quemadmodum et Christus in cruce clamitat. Deus meus,
+deus meus: non erat illa [Greek: battologia], sed ardens ac vehemens
+affectus orantis.' Erasmus's _Works_, ed. 1540, v. 927.
+
+[1215] This alludes to Southwell's stanzas 'Upon the Image of Death,' in
+his _Maeonia_, [Maeoniae] a collection of spiritual poems:--
+
+     'Before my face the picture hangs,
+        That daily should put me in mind
+      Of those cold names and bitter pangs
+        That shortly I am like to find:
+      But, yet, alas! full little I
+      Do thinke hereon that I must die.' &c.
+
+Robert Southwell was an English Jesuit, who was imprisoned, tortured,
+and finally, in Feb. 1598 [1595] executed for teaching the Roman
+Catholic tenets in England. CROKER.
+
+[1216] This work, which Johnson was now reading, was, most probably, a
+little book, entitled _Baudi Epistolae_. In his _Life of Milton_
+[_Works_, vii. 115], he has made a quotation from it. DUPPA.
+
+[1217] Bishop Shipley had been an Army Chaplain. _Ante_, iii. 251.
+
+[1218] The title of the poem is [Greek: Poiaema nouthetikon]. DUPPA.
+
+[1219] This entry refers to the following passage in Leland's
+_Itinerary_, published by Thomas Hearne, ed. 1744, iv. 112. 'B. _Smith_
+in K.H.7. dayes, and last Bishop of _Lincolne_, beganne a new Foundation
+at this place settinge up a Mr. there with 2. Preistes, and 10. poore
+Men in an Hospitall. He sett there alsoe a Schoole-Mr. to teach Grammer
+that hath 10._l_. by the yeare, and an Under-Schoole-Mr. that hath
+5._l_. by the yeare. King H.7. was a great Benefactour to this new
+Foundation, and gave to it an ould Hospitall called Denhall in Wirhall
+in Cheshire.'
+
+[1220] _A Journey to Meqwinez, the Residence of the present Emperor of
+Fez and Morocco, on the Occasion of Commodore Stewart's Embassy thither,
+for the Redemption of the British captives, in the Year 1721_. DUPPA.
+
+[1221] The _Bibliotheca Literaria_ was published in London, 1722-4, in
+4to numbers, but only extended to ten numbers. DUPPA.
+
+[1222] By this expression it would seem, that on this day Johnson ate
+sparingly. DUPPA.
+
+[1223] 'A weakness of the knees, not without some pain in walking, which
+I feel increased after I have dined.' DUPPA.
+
+[1224] Penmaen Mawr is a huge rock, rising nearly 1550 feet
+perpendicular above the sea. Along a shelf of this precipice, is formed
+an excellent road, well guarded, toward the sea, by a strong wall,
+supported in many parts by arches turned underneath it. Before this wall
+was built, travellers sometimes fell down the precipices. DUPPA.
+
+[1225] See _post_, p. 453.
+
+[1226] 'Johnson said that one of the castles in Wales would contain all
+the castles that he had seen in Scotland.' _Ante_, ii. 285.
+
+[1227] This gentleman was a lieutenant in the Navy. DUPPA.
+
+[1228] Lady Catharine Percival, daughter of the second Earl of Egmont:
+this was, it appears, the lady of whom Mrs. Piozzi relates, that 'For a
+lady of quality, since dead, who received us at her husband's seat in
+Wales with less attention than he had long been accustomed to, he had a
+rougher denunciation:--"That woman," cried Johnson, "is like sour small
+beer, the beverage of her table, and produce of the wretched country she
+lives in: like that, she could never have been a good thing, and even
+that bad thing is spoiled."' [_Anec_. p. 171.] And it is probably of
+her, too, that another anecdote is told:--'We had been visiting at a
+lady's house, whom, as we returned, some of the company ridiculed for
+her ignorance:--"She is not ignorant," said he, "I believe, of any
+thing she has been taught, or of any thing she is desirous to know; and
+I suppose if one wanted a little _run tea_, she might be a proper person
+enough to apply to.'" [_Ib_. p. 219.] Mrs. Piozzi says, in her MS.
+letters, 'that Lady Catharine comes off well in the _diary_. He _said_
+many severe things of her, which he did not commit to paper.' She died
+in 1782. CROKER.
+
+[1229] Johnson described in 1762 his disappointment on his return to
+Lichfield. _Ante_, i. 370.
+
+[1230] 'It was impossible not to laugh at the patience Doctor Johnson
+shewed, when a Welsh parson of mean abilities, though a good heart,
+struck with reverence at the sight of Dr. Johnson, whom he had heard of
+as the greatest man living, could not find any words to answer his
+inquiries concerning a motto round somebody's arms which adorned a
+tomb-stone in Ruabon church-yard. If I remember right, the words were,
+
+     Heb Dw, Heb Dym,
+     Dw o' diggon.
+
+And though of no very difficult construction, the gentleman seemed
+wholly confounded, and unable to explain them; till Mr. Johnson, having
+picked out the meaning by little and little, said to the man, "_Heb_ is
+a preposition, I believe, Sir, is it not?" My countryman recovering some
+spirits upon the sudden question, cried out, "So I humbly presume, Sir,"
+very comically.' Piozzi's _Anec_. p. 238. The Welsh words, which are the
+Myddelton motto, mean, 'Without God, without all. God is
+all-sufficient.' _Piozzi MS_. Croker's _Boswell_, p. 423.
+
+[1231] In 1809 the whole income for Llangwinodyl, including surplice
+fees, amounted to forty-six pounds two shillings and twopence, and for
+Tydweilliog, forty-three pounds nineteen shillings and tenpence; so that
+it does not appear that Mr. Thrale carried into effect his good
+intention. DUPPA.
+
+[1232] Mr. Thrale was near-sighted, and could not see the goats browsing
+on Snowdon, and he promised his daughter, who was a child of ten years
+old, a penny for every goat she would shew him, and Dr. Johnson kept the
+account; so that it appears her father was in debt to her one hundred
+and forty-nine pence. Queeny was the epithet, which had its origin in
+the nursery, by which Miss Thrale was always distinguished by Johnson.
+DUPPA. Her name was Esther. The allusion was to Queen Esther. Johnson
+often pleasantly mentions her in his letters to her mother. Thus on July
+27, 1780, he writes:--'As if I might not correspond with my Queeney, and
+we might not tell one another our minds about politicks or morals, or
+anything else. Queeney and I are both steady and may be trusted; we are
+none of the giddy gabblers, we think before we speak.' _Piozzi Letters_,
+ii. 169. Four days later he wrote:--'Tell my pretty dear Queeney, that
+when we meet again, we will have, at least for some time, two lessons in
+a day. I love her and think on her when I am alone; hope we shall be
+very happy together and mind our books.' _Ib_. p. 173.
+
+[1233] See _ante_, iv. 421, for the inscription on an urn erected by Mr.
+Myddelton 'on the banks of a rivulet where Johnson delighted to stand
+and repeat verses.' On Sept. 18, 1777, Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale:
+--'Mr. ----'s erection of an urn looks like an intention to bury me
+alive; I would as willingly see my friend, however benevolent and
+hospitable, quietly inurned. Let him think for the present of some more
+acceptable memorial.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 371.
+
+[1234] Johnson wrote on Oct. 24, 1778:--'My two clerical friends Darby
+and Worthington have both died this month. I have known Worthington
+long, and to die is dreadful. I believe he was a very good man.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, ii. 26.
+
+[1235] Thomas, the second Lord Lyttelton. DUPPA.
+
+[1236] Mr. Gwynn the architect was a native of Shrewsbury, and was at
+this time completing a bridge across the Severn, called the English
+Bridge: besides this bridge, he built one at Acham, over the Severn,
+near to Shrewsbury; and the bridges at Worcester, Oxford [Magdalen
+Bridge], and Henley. DUPPA. He was also the architect of the Oxford
+Market, which was opened in 1774. _Oxford during the Last Century_, ed.
+1859, p. 45. Johnson and Boswell travelled to Oxford with him in March,
+1776. _Ante_, ii. 438. In 1778 he got into some difficulties, in which
+Johnson tried to help him, as is shewn by the following autograph letter
+in the possession of my friend Mr. M. M. Holloway:--
+
+'SIR,
+
+'Poor Mr. Gwyn is in great distress under the weight of the late
+determination against him, and has still hopes that some mitigation may
+be obtained. If it be true that whatever has by his negligence been
+amiss, may be redressed for a sum much less than has been awarded, the
+remaining part ought in equity to be returned, or, what is more
+desirable, abated. When the money is once paid, there is little hope of
+getting it again.
+
+'The load is, I believe, very hard upon him; he indulges some flattering
+opinions that by the influence of his academical friends it may be
+lightened, and will not be persuaded but that some testimony of my
+kindness may be beneficial. I hope he has been guilty of nothing worse
+than credulity, and he then certainly deserves commiseration. I never
+heard otherwise than that he was an honest man, and I hope that by your
+countenance and that of other gentlemen who favour or pity him some
+relief may be obtained.
+
+'I am, Sir, 'Your most humble servant, 'SAM. JOHNSON.' 'Bolt Court,
+Fleet-street, 'Jan. 30, 1778.'
+
+[1237] An ancestor of mine, a nursery-gardener, Thomas Wright by name,
+after whom my grandfather, Thomas Wright Hill, was called, planted this
+walk. The tradition preserved in my family is that on his wedding-day he
+took six men with him and planted these trees. When blamed for keeping
+the wedding-dinner waiting, he answered, that if what he had been doing
+turned out well, it would be of far more value than a wedding-dinner.
+
+[1238] The Rector of St. Chad's, in Shrewsbury. He was appointed Master
+of Pembroke College, Oxford, in the following year. See _ante_, ii. 441.
+
+[1239] 'I have heard Dr. Johnson protest that he never had quite as much
+as he wished of wall-fruit except once in his life, and that was when we
+were all together at Ombersley.' Piozzi's _Anec_. p. 103. Mrs. Thrale
+wrote to him in 1778:--'Mr. Scrase gives us fine fruit; I wished you my
+pear yesterday; but then what would one pear have done for you?' _Piozzi
+Letters_, ii. 36. It seems unlikely that Johnson should not at Streatham
+have had all the wall-fruit that he wished.
+
+[1240] This visit was not to Lord Lyttelton, but to his uncle
+[afterwards by successive creations, Lord Westcote, and Lord Lyttelton],
+the father of the present Lord Lyttelton, who lived at a house called
+Little Hagley. DUPPA. Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale in 1771:--'I would
+have been glad to go to Hagley in compliance with Mr. Lyttelton's kind
+invitation, for beside the pleasure of his conversation I should have
+had the opportunity of recollecting past times, and wandering _per
+montes notos et flumina nota_, of recalling the images of sixteen, and
+reviewing my conversations with poor Ford.' _Piozzi Letters_, i. 42. He
+had been at school at Stourbridge, close by Hagley. _Ante_, i. 49. See
+Walpole's _Letters_, ix. 123, for an anecdote of Lord Westcote.
+
+[1241] Horace Walpole, writing of Hagley in Sept. 1753 (_Letters_, ii.
+352), says:--'There is extreme taste in the park: the seats are not the
+best, but there is not one absurdity. There is a ruined castle, built by
+Miller, that would get him his freedom even of Strawberry [Walpole's own
+house at Twickenham]: it has the true rust of the Barons' Wars.'
+
+[1242] 'Mrs. Lyttelton forced me to play at whist against my liking, and
+her husband took away Johnson's candle that he wanted to read by at the
+other end of the room. Those, I trust, were the offences.' _Piozzi
+MS._ CROKER.
+
+[1243] Johnson (_Works_, viii. 409) thus writes of Shenstone and the
+Leasowes:--'He began to point his prospects, to diversify his surface,
+to entangle his walks, and to wind his waters; which he did with such
+judgment and such fancy as made his little domain the envy of the great
+and the admiration of the skilful; a place to be visited by travellers
+and copied by designers. .... For awhile the inhabitants of Hagley
+affected to tell their acquaintance of the little fellow that was trying
+to make himself admired; but when by degrees the Leasowes forced
+themselves into notice, they took care to defeat the curiosity which
+they could not suppress by conducting their visitants perversely to
+inconvenient points of view, and introducing them at the wrong end of a
+walk to detect a deception; injuries of which Shenstone would heavily
+complain. Where there is emulation there will be vanity; and where there
+is vanity there will be folly. The pleasure of Shenstone was all in his
+eye: he valued what he valued merely for its looks; nothing raised his
+indignation more than to ask if there were any fishes in his water.' See
+_ante_, p. 345.
+
+[1244] See _ante_, iii. 187, and v. 429.
+
+[1245] 'He spent his estate in adorning it, and his death was probably
+hastened by his anxieties. He was a lamp that spent its oil in blazing.
+It is said that if he had lived a little longer he would have been
+assisted by a pension: such bounty could not have been ever more
+properly bestowed.' Johnson's _Works_, viii. 410. His friend, Mr.
+Graves, the author of _The Spiritual Quixote_, in a note on this passage
+says that, if he was sometimes distressed for money, yet he was able to
+leave legacies and two small annuities.
+
+[1246] Mr. Duppa--without however giving his authority--says that this
+was Dr. Wheeler, mentioned _ante_, iii. 366. The _Birmingham Directory_
+for the year 1770 shews that there were two tradesmen in the town of
+that name, one having the same Christian name, Benjamin, as Dr. Wheeler.
+
+[1247] Boswell visited these works in 1776. _Ante_, ii. 459.
+
+[1248] Burke in the House of Commons on Jan. 25, 1771, in a debate on
+Falkland's Island, said of the Spanish Declaration:--'It was made, I
+admit, on the true principles of trade and manufacture. It puts me in
+mind of a Birmingham button which has passed through an hundred hands,
+and after all is not worth three-halfpence a dozen.' _Parl. Hist._
+xvi. 1345.
+
+[1249] Johnson and Boswell drove through the Park in 1776. _Ante_, ii.
+451.
+
+[1250] 'My friend the late Lord Grosvenor had a house at Salt Hill,
+where I usually spent a part of the summer, and thus became acquainted
+with that great and good man, Jacob Bryant. Here the conversation turned
+one morning on a Greek criticism by Dr. Johnson in some volume lying on
+the table, which I ventured (_for I was then young_) to deem incorrect,
+and pointed it out to him. I could not help thinking that he was
+somewhat of my opinion, but he was cautious and reserved. "But, Sir,"
+said I, willing to overcome his scruples, "Dr. Johnson himself admitted
+that he was not a good Greek scholar." "Sir," he replied, with a serious
+and impressive air, "it is not easy for us to say what such a man as
+Johnson would call a good Greek scholar." I hope that I profited by that
+lesson--certainly I never forgot it.' Gifford's _Works of Ford_, vol. i.
+p. lxii. Croker's _Boswell_, p. 794. 'So notorious is Mr. Bryant's great
+fondness for studying and proving the truths of the creation according
+to Moses, that he told me himself, and with much quaint humour, a
+pleasantry of one of his friends in giving a character of
+him:--"Bryant," said he, "is a very good scholar, and knows all things
+whatever up to Noah, but not a single thing in the world beyond the
+Deluge."' Mme. D'Arblay's Diary, iii. 229.
+
+[1251] This is a work written by William Durand, Bishop of Mende, and
+printed on vellum, in folio, by Fust and Schoeffer, in Mentz, 1459. It
+is the third book that is known to be printed with a date. DUPPA. It is
+perhaps the first book with a date printed in movable metal type.
+_Brunei_, ed. 1861, ii. 904. See _ante_, ii. 397.
+
+[1252] Dr. Johnson, in another column of his _Diary_, has put down, in a
+note, 'First printed book in Greek, Lascaris's _Grammar_, 4to,
+Mediolani, 1476.' The imprint of this book is, _Mediolani Impressum per
+Magistrum Dionysium Paravisinum_. M.CCCC.LXXVI. Die xxx Januarii. The
+first book printed in the English language was the _Historyes of Troye_,
+printed in 1471. DUPPA. A copy of the _Historyes of Troy_ is exhibited
+in the Bodleian Library with the following superscription:--'Lefevre's
+_Recuyell of the historyes of Troye_. The first book printed in the
+English language. Issued by Caxton at Bruges about 1474.'
+
+[1253] _The Battle of the Frogs and Mice_. The first edition was printed
+by Laonicus Cretensis, 1486. DUPPA.
+
+[1254] Mr. Coulson was a Senior Fellow of University College. Lord
+Stowell informed me that he was very eccentric. He would on a fine day
+hang out of the college windows his various pieces of apparel to air,
+which used to be universally answered by the young men hanging out from
+all the other windows, quilts, carpets, rags, and every kind of trash,
+and this was called an _illumination_. His notions of the eminence and
+importance of his academic situation were so peculiar, that, when he
+afterwards accepted a college living, he expressed to Lord Stowell his
+doubts whether, after living so long in the _great world_, he might not
+grow weary of the comparative retirement of a country parish. CROKER.
+See _ante_, ii. 382, note.
+
+[1255] Dr. Robert Vansittart, Fellow of All Souls, and Regius Professor
+of Law. DUPPA. Johnson wrote to Mrs. Thrale on Nov. 3, 1773:--'Poor
+V------! There are not so many reasons as he thinks why he should envy
+me, but there are some; he wants what I have, a kind and careful
+mistress; and wants likewise what I shall want at my return. He is a
+good man, and when his mind is composed a man of parts.' _Piozzi
+Letters_, i. 197. See _ante_, i. 348.
+
+[1256] See _ante_, ii. 285, note 3.
+
+
+THE END OF THE FIFTH VOLUME.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Life Of Johnson, Volume 5, by Boswell
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