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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 10331 ***
+
+THE MIRROR
+
+OF
+
+LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+324.] SATURDAY, JULY 26, 1828. [Price 2_d_.
+
+Vol. XII
+
+[Illustration: KINGSTON NEW BRIDGE]
+
+
+
+
+KINGSTON NEW BRIDGE.
+
+Through many a bridge the wealthy river roll'd.
+SOUTHEY.
+
+The annexed picturesque engraving represents the new bridge[1] from
+Kingston-upon-Thames to Hampton-Wick, in the royal manor of Hampton
+Court. It is built of Portland stone, and consists of five elliptical
+arches, the centre arch being 60 feet span by 19 in height, and the side
+arches 56 and 52 feet span respectively. The abutments are terminated by
+towers or bastions, and the whole is surmounted by a cornice and
+balustrade, with galleries projecting over the pier; which give a bold
+relief to the general elevation. The length of the bridge is 382 feet by
+27 feet in width. It is of chaste Grecian architecture, from the design
+of Mr. Lapidge, to whose courtesy we are indebted for the original of
+our engraving. The building contract was undertaken by Mr. Herbert for
+£26,800. and the extra work has not exceeded £100. a very rare, if not
+an unprecedented occurrence in either public or private undertakings of
+this description. The first stone was laid by the Earl of Liverpool,
+November 7, 1825, and the bridge was opened in due form by her royal
+highness the Duchess of Clarence, on July 17, 1828.
+
+Kingston is one of the most picturesque towns on the banks of the
+Thames; and its antiquarian attractions are of the highest order. It was
+occupied by the Romans, and in aftertimes it was either a royal
+residence or a royal demesne, so early as the union of the Saxon
+Heptarchy; for there is a record extant of a council held there in 838,
+at which Egbert, the first king of all England, and his son Athelwolf
+were present; and in this record it is styled _Kyningenstum famosa ilia
+locus_. Some of our Saxon kings were also crowned here; and adjoining
+the church is a large stone, on which, according to tradition, they were
+placed during the ceremony. Many interesting relics have from time to
+time been discovered in illustration of these historical facts, and till
+the year 1730, the figures of some of the above kings and that of king
+John (who chartered the town) were preserved in a chapel adjoining the
+above spot. In that year, however, the chapel fell, and with it were
+demolished the royal _effigies_.[2] Mr. Lysons, with his usual accuracy,
+enumerates nine kings who were crowned here.
+
+Kingston formerly sent members to parliament, till, by petition, the
+inhabitants prayed to be relieved from the burden!
+
+At Hampton Wick, the village on the opposite bank, resided the witty but
+profligate Sir Richard Steele, in a house which he whimsically
+denominated "the hovel;" and "from the Hovel at Hampton Wick, April 7,
+1711," he dedicated the fourth volume of the _Tatler_ to Charles, Lord
+Halifax. This was probably about the time he became surveyor of the
+royal stables at Hampton Court, governor of the king's comedians, a
+justice of the peace for Middlesex, and a knight.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ARCHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY.
+
+The first Archbishop of Canterbury was Austin, appointed by King
+Ethelbert, on his conversion to Christianity, about the year 598. Before
+the coming of the Saxons into England, the Christian Britons had three
+Archbishops, viz. of London, York, and Caerleon, an ancient city of
+South Wales. The Britons being driven out of these parts, the
+Archbishoprick of London became extinct; and when Pope Gregory the Great
+had afterwards sent thither Augustine, and his fellow-labourer to preach
+the Gospel to the then heathen Saxons, the Archiepiscopal See was
+planted at Canterbury, as being the metropolis of the kingdom of Kent,
+where King Ethelbert had received the same St. Augustine, and with his
+kingdom was baptized, and embraced the doctrines of Christianity before
+the rest of the Heptarchy. The other Archbishoprick of Caerleon was
+translated to St. David's in Pembrokeshire, and afterwards wholly to the
+See of Canterbury; since which, all England and Wales reckon but two
+Archbishops, Canterbury and York. The following Archbishops have died at
+Lambeth Palace;--Wittlesey, in 1375; Kemp, 1453; Dean, 1504; all buried
+in Canterbury Cathedral: Cardinal Pole, 1558, after lying in state here
+40 days was buried at Canterbury; Parker, 1575, buried in Lambeth
+Chapel; Whitgift, 1604, buried at Croydon; Bancroft, 1610, buried at
+Lambeth; Juxon, 1663, buried in the chapel of St. John's College,
+Oxford; Sheldon, 1667, buried at Croydon; Tillotson, 1694, buried in the
+church of St. Laurence Jewry, London; Tennison, 1715; and Potter, 1747,
+both buried at Croydon; Seeker, 1768; Cornwallis, 1783, and Moore,
+1805, all buried at Lambeth. In 1381, the Archbishop, Simon of Sudbury,
+fell a victim to Wat Tyler and his crew, when they attacked Lambeth
+Palace.
+
+P. T. W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DAYS OF FLY FISHING.
+
+That an ex-president (Sir Humphry Davy) of the Royal Society should
+write a book on field sports may at first sight appear rather
+_unphilosophical_; although it is not more fanciful than Bishop
+Berkeley's volume on tar water, Bishop Watson's improvement in the
+manufacture of gunpowder, Sir Walter Scott writing a sermon, or a Scotch
+minister inventing a safety gun, and, as we are told, _presenting_ the
+same to the King in person. Be this as it may, since our first
+acquaintance with the "prince of piscators," the patriarch of anglers,
+Isaak Walton, it has seldom been our lot to meet with so pleasant a
+volume as _Salmonia, or Days of Fly Fishing_, to whose contents we are
+about to introduce our readers.
+
+In our last number we gave a _flying_ extract, entitled, "Superstitions
+on the Weather," being a fair specimen of the very agreeable manner of
+the digressions in the above work, which is, perhaps, less practical
+than it might have been; but this defect is more than atoned for in the
+author's felicitous mode of intermingling with the main subject, some of
+the most curious facts and phenomena in natural history and philosophy
+so as to familiarize the angler with many causes and effects which
+altogether belong to a higher class of reading than that of mere
+amusement. All this, too, is done in a simple, graceful, and flowing
+style, always amusive, and sometimes humorously illustrative--advantages
+which our philosophical writers do not generally exhibit, but which are
+more or less evident in every page of Sir Humphry Davy's writings.
+
+_Salmonia_ consists of a series of conversations between four
+characters--Halieus,[3] Poietes, Physicus, Ornither. In the "First Day"
+we have an ingenious vindication of fly fishing against the well-known
+satire of Johnson[4] and Lord Byron, and the following:--
+
+_Halieus._--A noble lady, long distinguished at court for pre-eminent
+beauty and grace, and whose mind possesses undying charms, has written
+some lines in my copy of Walton, which, if you will allow me, I will
+repeat to you:--
+
+Albeit, gentle Angler, I
+  Delight not in thy trade,
+Yet in thy pages there doth lie
+So much of quaint simplicity,
+    So much of mind,
+    Of such good kind.
+  That none need be afraid,
+Caught by thy cunning bait, this book,
+To be ensnared on thy hook.
+
+Gladly from thee, I'm lur'd to bear
+  With things that seem'd most vile before,
+For thou didst on poor subjects rear
+Matter the wisest sage might hear.
+    And with a grace,
+    That doth efface
+  More laboured works, thy simple lore
+Can teach us that thy skilful _lines_,
+More than the scaly brood _confines_.
+
+Our hearts and senses too, we see,
+  Rise quickly at thy master hand,
+And ready to be caught by thee
+Are lured to virtue willingly.
+    Content and peace,
+    With health and ease,
+  Walk by thy side. At thy command
+We bid adieu to worldly care.
+And joy in gifts that all may share.
+
+Gladly with thee, I pace along.
+  And of sweet fancies dream;
+Waiting till some inspired song,
+Within my memory cherished long,
+    Comes fairer forth.
+    With more of worth;
+  Because that time upon its stream
+Feathers and chaff will bear away,
+But give to gems a brighter ray.
+
+And though the charming and intellectual author of this poem is not an
+angler herself, yet I can quote the example of her lovely daughters to
+vindicate fly fishing from the charge of cruelty, and to prove that the
+most delicate and refined minds can take pleasure in this innocent
+amusement.
+
+Gay's passionate love for angling is well known; it was his principal
+occupation in the summer at Amesbury; and "the late excellent John
+Tobin, author of the _Honey Moon_, was an ardent angler." Among heroes,
+Trajan was fond of angling. Nelson was a good fly-fisher, and continued
+the pursuit even with his left hand; and, says the author, "I have known
+a person who fished with him at Merton, in the Wandle. Dr. Paley was so
+much attached to this amusement, that when the Bishop of Durham inquired
+of him when one of his most important works would be finished, he said,
+with great simplicity and good-humour, 'My lord, I shall work steadily
+at it when the fly-fishing season is over.'"--Then we have a poetical
+description of river scenery, till two of the party arrive at the
+following conclusions:--
+
+I have already admitted the danger of analyzing, too closely, the moral
+character of any of our field sports; yet I think it cannot be doubted
+that the nervous system of fish, and cold-blooded animals in general, is
+less sensitive than that of warm-blooded animals. The hook usually is
+fixed in the cartilaginous part of the mouth, where there are no nerves;
+and a proof that the sufferings of a hooked fish cannot be great is
+found in the circumstance, that though a trout has been hooked and
+played for some minutes, he will often, after his escape with the
+artificial fly in his mouth, take the natural fly, and feed as if
+nothing had happened; having apparently learnt only from the experiment,
+that the artificial fly is not proper for food. And I have caught pikes
+with four or five hooks in their mouths, and tackle which they had
+broken only a few minutes before; and the hooks seemed to have had no
+other effect than that of serving as a sort of _sauce piquante_, urging
+them to seize another morsel of the same kind.--The advocates for a
+favourite pursuit never want sophisms to defend it. I have even heard it
+asserted, that a hare enjoys being hunted. Yet I will allow that
+fly-fishing, after your vindication, appears amongst the least cruel of
+field sports.
+
+We must, however, confine ourselves to a few colloquial extracts from
+the _practical_ portion of the volume; as
+
+_Flies on the Wandle, &c._
+
+_Orn._--Surely the May-fly season is not the only season for day-fishing
+in this river? [the Wandle.]--_Hal._ Certainly not. There are as many
+fish to be taken, perhaps, in the spring fishing; but in this deep river
+they are seldom in good season till the May-fly has been on, and a
+fortnight hence they will be still better than even now. In September
+there may be good fish taken here; but the autumnal flies are less
+plentiful in this river than the spring flies--_Phys_, Pray tell me what
+are the species of fly which take in these two seasons.--_Hal_. You know
+that trout spawn or deposit their ova, &c. in the end of the autumn or
+beginning of winter, from the middle of November till the beginning of
+January, their maturity depending upon the temperature of the season,
+their quantity of food, &c. They are at least six weeks or two months
+after they have spawned before they recover their flesh; and the time
+when these fish are at the worst, is likewise the worst time for
+fly-fishing, both on account of the cold weather, and because there are
+fewer flies on the water than at any other season. Even in December and
+January there are a few small gnats or water-flies on the water in the
+middle of the day, in bright days, or when there is sunshine. These are
+generally black, and they escape the influence of the frost by the
+effects of light on their black bodies, and probably by the extreme
+rapidity of the motions of their fluids, and generally of their organs.
+They are found only at the surface of the water, where the temperature
+must be above the freezing point. In February a few double-winged
+water-flies, which swim down the stream, are usually found in the middle
+of the day, such as the willow-fly; and the cow-dung-fly is sometimes
+carried on the water by winds. In March there are several flies found on
+most rivers. The grannam, or green-tail-fly, with a wing like a moth,
+comes on generally morning and evening, from five till eight o'clock,
+A.M. in mild weather, in the end of March and through April. Then there
+are the blue and the brown, both ephemerae, which come on, the first in
+dark days, the second in bright days; these flies, when well imitated,
+are very destructive to fish. The first is a small fly, with a palish
+yellow body, and slender, beautiful wings, which rest on the back as it
+floats down the water. The second, called the cob in Wales, is three or
+four times as large, and has brown wings, which likewise protrude from
+the back, and its wings are shaded like those of a partridge, brown and
+yellow brown. These three kinds of flies lay their eggs in the water,
+which produce larvae that remain in the state of worms, feeding and
+breathing in the water till they are prepared for their metamorphosis,
+and quit the bottoms of the rivers, and the mud and stones, for the
+surface, and light and air. The brown fly usually disappears before the
+end of April, likewise the grannam; but of the blue dun there is a
+succession of different tints, or species, or varieties, which appear in
+the middle of the day all the summer and autumn long. These are the
+principal flies on the Wandle--the best and clearest stream near London.
+In early spring these flies have dark olive bodies; in the end of April
+and the beginning of May they are found yellow; and in the summer they
+become cinnamon coloured; and again, as the winter approaches, gain a
+darker hue. I do not, however, mean to say that they are the same flies,
+but more probably successive generations of ephemerae of the same
+species. The excess of heat seems equally unfavourable, as the excess of
+cold, to the existence of the smaller species of water-insects, which,
+during the intensity of sunshine, seldom appear in summer, but rise
+morning and evening only. The blue dun has, in June and July, a yellow
+body; and there is a water-fly which, in the evening, is generally found
+before the moths appear, called the red spinner. Towards the end of
+August, the ephemerae appear again in the middle of the day--a very
+pale, small ephemera, which is of the same colour as that which is seen
+in some rivers in the beginning of July. In September and October this
+kind of fly is found with an olive body, and it becomes darker in
+October and paler in November. There are two other flies which appear in
+the end of September and continue during October, if the weather be
+mild; a large yellow fly, with a fleshy body, and wings like a moth; and
+a small fly with four wings, with a dark or claret coloured body, that
+when it falls on the water has its wings like the great yellow fly, flat
+on its back. This, or a claret bodied fly, very similar in character,
+may be likewise found in March or April, on some waters. In this river I
+have often caught many large trout in April and the beginning of May,
+with the blue dun, having the yellow body; and in the upper part of the
+stream below St. Albans, and between that and Watford, I have sometimes,
+even as early as April, caught fish in good condition; but the _true_
+season for the Colne is the season of the May-fly. The same may be said
+of most of the large English rivers containing large trouts, and
+abounding in May-fly--such as the Test and the Kennett, the one running
+by Stockbridge, the other by Hungerford. But in the Wandle, at
+Carshalton and Beddington, the May-fly is not found; and the little
+blues are the constant, and, when well imitated, killing flies on this
+water; to which may be joined a dark alder-fly, and a red evening fly.
+In the Avon, at Ringwood and Fordingbridge, the May-fly is likewise a
+killing fly; but as this is a grayling river, the other flies,
+particularly the grannam and blue and brown, are good in spring, and the
+alder-fly or pale blue later, and the blue dun in September and October,
+and even November. In the streams in the mountainous parts of Britain,
+the spring and autumnal flies are by far the most killing. The Usk was
+formerly a very productive trout-stream, and the fish being well fed by
+the worms washed down by the winter floods, were often in good season,
+cutting red, in March and the beginning of April: and at this season the
+blues and browns, particularly when the water was a little stained after
+a small flood, afforded the angler good sport. In Herefordshire and
+Derbyshire, where trout and grayling are often found together, the same
+periods are generally best for angling; but in the Dove, Lathkill, and
+Wye, with the natural May-fly many fish may be taken; and in old times,
+in peculiarly windy days, or high and troubled water, even the
+artificial May-fly, according to Cotton, was very killing.
+
+Here we must end, at least _for the present_; but there is so much
+anecdotical pleasantry in _Salmonia_ that we might continue our extracts
+through many columns, and we are persuaded, to the gratification of the
+majority of our readers. Even when we announced the publication of this
+work a few weeks since, we were led to anticipate the delight it would
+afford many of our esteemed correspondents, especially our friend
+_W.H.H._, who has "caught about forty trout in two or three hours" in
+the rocky basins of Pot-beck, &c.[5]
+
+Sir Humphry Davy mentions the Wandle in Surrey, as we have quoted; but
+he does not allude to the trout-fishing in the Mole, in the Vale of
+Leatherhead in the same county. There are in the course of the work a
+few expressions which make humanity shudder, and would drive a
+Pythagorean to madness,[6] notwithstanding the ingenuity with which the
+author attempts to vindicate his favourite amusement.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SHROPSHIRE AND WELSH GIRLS.
+
+There are few Londoners who in their suburban strolls have failed to
+notice the scores of _female_ fruit-carriers by whose toil the markets
+are supplied with some of their choicest delicacies. As an interesting
+illustration of the meritorious character of these handmaids to luxury,
+I send you the following extract from Sir Richard Phillips's _Walk from
+London to Kew_.
+
+PHILO.
+
+In the strawberry season, hundreds of women are employed to carry that
+delicate fruit to market on their heads; and their industry in
+performing this task is as wonderful, as their remuneration is unworthy
+of the opulent classes who derive enjoyment from their labour. They
+consist, for the most part, of Shropshire and Welsh girls, who walk to
+London at this season in droves, to perform this drudgery, just as the
+Irish peasantry come to assist in the hay and corn harvests. I learnt
+that these women carry upon their heads baskets of strawberries or
+raspberries, weighing from forty to fifty pounds, and make two turns in
+the day, from Isleworth to market, a distance of thirteen miles each
+way; three turns from Brentford, a distance of nine miles; and four
+turns from Hammersmith, a distance of six miles. For the most part, they
+find some conveyance back; but even then these industrious creatures
+carry loads from twenty-four to thirty miles a-day, besides walking back
+unladen some part of each turn! Their remuneration for this unparalleled
+slavery is from 8_s_. to 9_s_. per day; each turn from the distance of
+Isleworth being 4_s_. or 4_s_. 6_d_.; and from that of Hammersmith 2_s_.
+or 2_s_. 3_d_. Their diet is coarse and simple, their drink, tea and
+small-beer; costing not above 1_s_. or 1_s_. 6_d_. and their back
+conveyance about 2_s_. or 2_s_. 6_d_.; so that their net gains are about
+5_s_. per day, which, in the strawberry season, of forty days, amounts
+to 10_l_. After this period the same women find employment in gathering
+and marketing vegetables, at lower wages, for other sixty days, netting
+about 5_l_. more. With this poor pittance they return to their native
+county, and it adds either to their humble comforts, or creates a small
+dowry towards a rustic establishment for life. Can a more interesting
+picture be drawn of virtuous exertion? Why have our poets failed to
+colour and finish it? More virtue never existed in their favourite
+shepherdesses than in these Welsh and Shropshire girls! For beauty,
+symmetry, and complexion, they are not inferior to the nymphs of
+Arcadia, and they far outvie the pallid specimens of Circassia! Their
+morals too are exemplary; and they often perform this labour to support
+aged parents, or to keep their own children from the workhouse! In keen
+suffering, they endure all that the imagination of a poet could desire;
+they live hard, they sleep on straw in hovels and barns, and they often
+burst an artery, or drop down dead from the effect of heat and
+over-exertion! Yet, such is the state of one portion of our female
+population, at a time when we are calling ourselves the most polished
+nation on earth.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+COLEBROOK-DALE IRON-WORKS--THE REYNOLDS'.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror_.)
+
+In the interesting extract you have given in your excellent Miscellany
+(No. 321) from Bakewell's Introduction to Geology, when speaking of the
+exhausted or impoverished state of the iron-ore and coals in Shropshire,
+&c., an allusion is made in a note to that truly excellent man, the late
+Mr. Richard Reynolds, and to the final extinction of the furnaces at
+Colebrook-Dale, which is not altogether correct.
+
+I beg leave, therefore, to point out the errors to you, and to add a
+fact or two more relating to that distinguished philanthropist and his
+family, which, perhaps, will not be unacceptable to many of your
+readers.
+
+Mr. Reynolds was by no means the _original_, nor, I believe, ever the
+_sole_ proprietor, of the iron-works in Colebrook-Dale, as stated by Mr.
+Bakewell; he derived his right in them from his wife's family the
+Darbies; and the firm of "Darby and Company" was the well known mark on
+the iron from these works for a very long period; more recently, that of
+"Colebrook-Dale Company" was adopted.
+
+The Darbies were an old and respectable family of the Society of
+Friends, and a pair of the elder branches of it were the original "Darby
+and Joan," whose names are so well known throughout the whole kingdom. I
+had this anecdote from one of the sons of Mr. Reynolds,[7] and have no
+doubt of its authenticity.
+
+It may not be generally known to your readers, perhaps, that the first
+iron bridge in England was projected at, and cast from, the furnaces of
+Colebrook-Dale, and erected over the Severn, near that place, about the
+year 1779; and, considering it to be the _first_ bridge of the kind, I
+feel little hesitation in stating it to be, even now, the most beautiful
+one. This structure, at that time thought to be a wonderful attempt, was
+the entire offspring of Mr. Reynolds' genius; it was planned, cast, and
+erected, under his immediate care and superintendance.
+
+I cannot suppose the reason given by your author for the discontinuance
+of the works at Colebrook-Dale to be correct, as there is another large
+furnace in the immediate neighbourhood, called "Madeley Wood Furnace"
+(also belonging to Mr. Reynolds's family), which was allowed to make,
+and, I believe, still makes, the best iron and steel in the United
+Kingdom. Mr. Reynolds had also other great iron-works at Ketley, since
+carried on by his two sons, William and Joseph, and still in high
+reputation, as to the quality of the iron made there; these are not more
+distant from Colebrook-Dale than six or seven miles, and between the two
+there are the extensive and highly valuable works of "Old Park," &c.,
+belonging to Mr. Botfield (so that the whole district abounds in the
+materials), which not having the advantage of the immediate vicinity of
+the Severn for conveyance, would have been more likely to have stopped
+from the circumstances stated in your extract; _viz._ the failure in
+quality or quantity of iron-stone, coals, or other necessary matter. The
+Colebrook-Dale fires must, therefore, I conceive, have ceased to blaze,
+and the blast of her furnaces to roar, from some other cause, and from
+some private reason of her late proprietors.
+
+Your constant reader,
+
+_Shrewsbury._ SALOPIENSIS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NOTES OF A READER.
+
+TRAGEDY.
+
+We do not see any necessary and natural connexion between death and the
+end of the third volume of a novel, or the conclusion of the fifth act
+of a play,--though that connexion in some modern novels, and in most
+English tragedies, seems to be assumed. Nor does it seem to follow,
+that, because death is the object of universal dread and aversion, and
+because terror is one of the objects of tragedy, death must, therefore,
+necessarily be represented; and not only so, but the more deaths the
+better. If it be true that familiarity has a tendency to create
+indifference, if not contempt, it must be considered prudent to have
+recourse to this strong exhibition as to drastic remedies in medicine,
+with caution and discrimination, and with a view to the continuance of
+its effect. We cannot help wishing that our own Shakspeare, who lays
+down such excellent rules for the guidance of actors, and cautions them
+so earnestly against "overstepping the modesty of nature," and the
+danger of "tearing passion to rags," had remembered, that the poet
+himself has certain limits imposed upon him, which he cannot transgress
+with impunity. We should not then have observed, in the perusal of some
+of his plays, the marginal notice of ["_dies_"] with about as much
+emotion as a note of exclamation; nor, when at the actual
+representation, we behold the few remaining persons of the drama
+scarcely able to cross the stage without stumbling over the bodies of
+their fallen companions, should we have felt our thoughts unavoidably
+wandering from the higher business and moral effect of the scene, to the
+mere physical and repelling images of fleshly mortality.--_Edinburgh
+Rev._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The inquiries of the committee appointed to devise means for the
+suppression of mendicity, leave us no reason to doubt that in an average
+of cases a London beggar made by "his trade" eighteen-pence per day, or
+twenty-seven pounds per annum!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_One-ninth_ of the whole population of Paris are wholly maintained by
+funds which the different bureaux of charity distribute for their
+relief; and still a countless horde of mendicants infest her streets,
+her quays, and all her public places.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Science and literature are "the nourishment of youth, the delight of
+age, the ornaments of prosperous life, the refuge and consolation of
+adversity, the companions of our weary travels, of our rural solitudes,
+of our sleepless nights."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The following quotation from _Jamieson's Scottish Dictionary_ points out
+the frugal and temperate Scot; and, in illustration, may be contrasted
+with the proverbial invitation of the better feeding English, "Will you
+come and take your mutton with me?"
+
+"KAIL, used metonimically for the whole dinner; as constituting among
+our temperate ancestors the principal part, _s_.
+
+"Hence, in giving a friendly invitation to dinner, it is common to say,
+'Will you come and tak your _kail_ wi' me?' This, as a learned friend
+observes, resembles the French invitation, _Voulez vous venir manger la
+soupe chez moi!_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE RIVER NILE.
+
+Ledyard, in his _Travels_, speaks thus contemptuously of this celebrated
+wonder:--"This is the mighty, the sovereign of rivers--the vast Nile
+that has been metamorphosed into one of the wonders of the world! Let me
+be careful how I read, and, above all, how I read ancient history. You
+have heard, and read too, much of its inundations. If the thousands of
+large and small canals from it, and the thousands of men and machines
+employed to transfer, by artificial means, the water of the Nile to the
+meadows on its banks--if this be the inundation that is meant, it is
+true; any other is false; it is not an inundating river."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Jewish children to this day celebrate the fall and death of Haman,
+and on that anniversary represent the blows which they would fain deal
+on his scull, by striking with envenomed fury on the floor with wooden
+hammers. This observance was but very lately forbidden in the Grand
+Duchy of Baden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TRAVELLING FOLLIES.
+
+"Many gentlemen," says an old English author, "coming to their lands
+sooner than to their wits, adventure themselves to see the fashion of
+other countries; whence they see the world, as Adam had knowledge of
+good and evil, with the loss or lessening of their estate in this
+English Paradise; and bring home a few smattering terms, flattering
+garbs, apish carriages, foppish fancies, foolish guises and disguises,
+the vanities of neighbour nations."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Spaniards are infinitely more careful than the French, and other
+nations, in planting trees, and in taking care of them; for it rarely
+happens, when a Spaniard eats fruit in a wood or in the open country,
+that he does not set the stones or the pips; and thus in the whole of
+their country an infinite number of fruit-trees of all kinds are found;
+whereas, in the French quarters you meet with none--_Labat._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PAINTING.
+
+It is painful to think how soon the paintings of Raphael, and Titian,
+and Correggio, and other illustrious men will perish and pass away. "How
+long," said Napoleon to David, "will a picture last?" "About four or
+five hundred years!--a fine immortality!" The poet multiplies his works
+by means of a cheap material--and Homer, and Virgil, and Dante, and
+Tasso, and Moliere, and Milton, and Shakspeare, may bid oblivion
+defiance; the sculptor impresses his conceptions on metal or on marble,
+and expects to survive the wreck of nations and the wrongs of time; but
+the painter commits to perishable cloth or wood the visions of his
+fancy, and dies in the certain assurance that the life of his works will
+be but short in the land they adorn.--_For. Rev._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A Chinese novelist, in describing his hero, says, "the air of the
+mountains and rivers had formed his body; his mind, like a rich piece of
+embroidery, was worthy of his handsome face!" Pity he has not been
+introduced among our "fashionable novels."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHRENOLOGY.
+
+In 1805, Dr. Gall, the celebrated phrenologist, visited the prison of
+Berlin in the course of his experimental travels to establish his
+theories. On April 17, in the presence of many witnesses, he was shown
+upwards of two hundred culprits, of whom he had never heard till that
+moment, and to whose crimes and dispositions he was a total stranger.
+Dr. Gall immediately pointed out, as a general feature in one of the
+wards, an extraordinary development in the region of the head where the
+organ of theft is situated, and in fact every prisoner there was a
+thief. Some children, also detained for theft, were then shown to him;
+and in them, too, the same organ was very prominent. In two of them
+particularly it was excessively large; and the prison-registers
+confirmed his opinion that these two were most incorrigible. In another
+room, where the women were kept apart, he distinguished one drest
+exactly like the others, occupied like them, and differing in no one
+thing but in the form of her head. "For what reason is this woman here,"
+asked Gall, "for her head announces no propensity to theft?" The answer
+was, "She is the inspectress of this room." One prisoner had the organs
+of benevolence and of religion as strongly developed as those of theft
+and cunning; and his boast was, that he never had committed an act of
+violence, and that it was repugnant to his feelings to rob a church. In
+a man named Fritze, detained for the murder of his wife, though his
+crime was not proved, the organs of cunning and firmness were fully
+developed; and it was by these that he had eluded conviction. In
+Maschke, he found the organ of the mechanical arts, together with a head
+very well organized in many respects; and his crime was coining. In
+Troppe he saw the same organ. This man was a shoemaker, who, without
+instruction, made clocks and watches, to gain a livelihood in his
+confinement. On a nearer inspection, the organ of imitation was found to
+be large. "If this man had ever been near a theatre," said Gall, "he
+would in all probability have turned actor." Troppe, astonished at the
+accuracy of this sentence, confessed that he had joined a company of
+strolling players for six months. His crime, too, was having personated
+a police-officer, to extort money. The organs of circumspection,
+prurience, foresight, were sadly deficient in Heisig, who, in a drunken
+fit, had stabbed his best friend. In some prisoners he found the organ
+of language, in others of colour, in others of mathematics; and his
+opinion in no single instance failed to be confirmed by the known
+talents and dispositions of the individual.--_For. Q. Rev._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SAVING HABITS OF THE ENGLISH.
+
+According to the House of Commons' returns in 1815, there were no fewer
+than 925,439 individuals in England and Wales, being about
+_one-eleventh_ of the then existing population, members of _Friendly
+Societies_, formed for the express purpose of affording protection to
+the members during sickness and old age, and enabling them to subsist
+without resorting to the parish funds. "No such unquestionable proof of
+the prevalence of a spirit of providence and independence can be
+exhibited in any other European country." We have to add, that these
+must be the happiest people in the social scale.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In the year 1300, Giovanni Cimabue
+and Giotto, both of Florence, were the
+first to assert the natural dignity and originality
+of art, and the story of those
+illustrious friends is instructive and romantic.
+The former was a gentleman
+by birth and scholarship, and brought to
+his art a knowledge of the poetry and
+sculpture of Greece and Rome. The latter
+was _a shepherd_; when the inspiration
+of art fell upon him, he was watching his
+flocks among the hills, and his first attempts
+in art were to draw his sheep and
+goats upon rocks and stones. It happened
+that Cimabue, who was then high
+in fame, observed the sketches of the
+gifted shepherd; entered into conversation
+with him; heard from his own lips his
+natural notions of the dignity of art; and
+was so much charmed by his compositions
+and conversation, that he carried
+him to Florence, and became his close
+and intimate friend and associate. They
+found Italian painting rude in form, and
+without spirit and without sentiment;
+they let out their own hearts fully in their
+compositions, and to this day their works
+are highly esteemed for grave dignity of
+character, and for originality of conception.
+Of these great Florentines, Giotto, the
+shepherd, is confessedly the more eminent;
+in him we see the dawn, or rather
+the sunrise, of the fuller light of Raphael.
+--_For. Rev._
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A REAL HERO.
+
+In a _recherché_ article in the _Foreign Quarterly Review_ we meet with
+the following marvellous story of Sterkodder, a sort of giant-killing
+hero of the North, who, having reached his 90th year, became infirm,
+blind, and eager to die. To leave the world in a natural way was out of
+the question; and to be dispatched to the Hall of Odin by an ignoble
+hand was scarcely less to be dreaded. Leaning on two crutches, with a
+sword at each side, he waited for some one to give him the mortal
+stroke. To tempt the avarice of such a one, he suspended from his neck a
+valuable gold chain. He slew a peasant passing, who, rallying him on his
+infirm state, had ventured to beg one of his swords, as neither could
+any longer be of service to him. At last his good fortune brought him a
+worthy executioner in Hather, the son of a prince whom he had slain. The
+young hero was hunting, and seeing the old man, he ordered two of his
+attendants to tease him. Both lost their lives for their temerity. The
+prince then advanced; and the old man, after relating his great actions,
+desired the former to kill him. To make the inducement stronger, he
+displayed the golden chain, which would be the reward of the deed; and
+to excite his rage, as well as avarice, he avowed that it was he who had
+slain the late prince, and that revenge was the sacred duty of the son.
+Influenced by both considerations, the latter consented to behead him.
+Sterkodder exhorted him to strike manfully. The head was accordingly
+severed from the body at a single blow; and as it touched the earth, the
+teeth fastened themselves furiously in the ground.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WORKHOUSES
+
+Were first erected in England in the year 1723, when they had an instant
+and striking effect in reducing the number of poor. Indeed the aversion
+of the poor to workhouses was so great, that Sir F.M. Eden mentions that
+some proposed, by way of weakening this aversion, "to call workhouses by
+some softer and more inoffensive name." Previously to this date, it had
+been customary to relieve the able-bodied poor at their own houses.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MARRIAGES IN CHINA
+
+Are effected through the assistance of go-betweens, who enjoy, however,
+a very different repute from those of Europe, inasmuch as, among the
+former, the employ is of the most honourable character.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There are 300 palaces at Rome, of which 65 only are worth seeing, and
+these are defined to be houses which have arched gateways into which
+carriages can drive. Some of these palaces contain pictures and statues
+worth 130 or 160,000_l_., but with scarce a window whose panes are all
+whole, or a clean staircase.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HORRORS OF THE INQUISITION IN SPAIN.
+
+Endless was the catalogue of most pious men and eminent scholars who
+underwent purification, as it is termed, in this den of superstition and
+tyranny. The culprit was not permitted to speak with his attorney,
+except in the presence of the inquisitor and a notary, who took notes,
+and certified what passed; and so far from the names of the informer or
+of the witnesses being supplied, every thing that could facilitate the
+explanation of them was expunged from the declarations; and the
+prisoners, one and all, in these dungeons might truly exclaim, with Fray
+Luis de Leon, "I feel the pain, but see not the hand which inflicts
+it." Even in the early days of the inquisition, torture was carried to
+such an extent, that Sextus IV., in a brief published Jan. 29, 1482,
+could not refrain from deploring the wellknown truth, in lamentations
+which were re-echoed from all parts of Christendom. The formula of the
+sentence of torture began thus, _Christo nomine invocato_; and it was
+therein expressed, that the torture should endure as long as it pleased
+the inquisitors; and a protest was added, that, if during the torture
+the culprit should die, or be maimed, or if effusion of blood or
+mutilation of limb should ensue, the fault should be chargeable to the
+culprit, and not to the inquisitors. The culprit was bound by an oath of
+secresy, strengthened by fearful penalties, not to divulge any thing
+that he had seen, known, or heard, in the dismal precincts of that
+unholy tribunal--a secresy illegal and tyrannical, but which constituted
+the soul of that monstrous association, and by which its judges were
+sheltered against all responsibility.--_For. Rev._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+COLONIZATION.
+
+In the colonization of the West Indies, "when a city was to be founded,
+the first form prescribed was, with all solemnity, to erect a gallows,
+as the first thing needful; and in laying out the ground, a site was
+marked for the prison as well as for the church."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"An attempt to handle the English law of evidence, in its former state,"
+says the _Edinburgh Review_, "was like taking up a hedgehog--all
+points!"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Man is not quite so manageable in the hands of science as boiling water
+or a fixed star.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PICTURE OF CONSTANTINOPLE.
+
+_(From the French of Lebrun.)_
+
+Queen of the Morn! Sultana of the East!
+City of wonders, on whose sparkling breast,
+Fair, slight, and tall, a thousand palaces
+Fling their gay shadows over golden seas!
+Where towers and domes bestud the gorgeous land,
+And countless masts, a mimic forest stand;
+Where cypress shades the minaret's snowy hue,
+And gleams of gold dissolve in skies of blue,
+Daughter of Eastern art, the most divine--
+Lovely, yet faithless bride of Constantine--
+Fair Istamboul, whose tranquil mirror flings
+Back with delight thy thousand colourings,
+And who no equal in the world dost know,
+Save thy own image pictured thus below!
+
+Dazzled, amazed, our eyes half-blinded, fail,
+While sweeps the phantasm past our gliding sail--
+Like as in festive scene, some sudden light
+Rises in clouds of stars upon the night.
+Struck by a splendour never seen before,
+Drunk with the perfumes wafted from the shore,
+Approaching near these peopled groves, we deem
+That from enchantment rose the gorgeous dream,
+Day without voice, and motion without sound,
+Silently beautiful! The haunted ground
+Is paved with roofs beyond the bounds of sight,
+Countless, and coloured, wrapped in golden light.
+'Mid groves of cypress, measureless and vast,
+In thousand forms of circles--crescents--cast,
+Gold glitters, spangling all the wide extent,
+And flashes back to heaven the rays it sent.
+Gardens and domes, bazaars begem the woods;
+Seraglios, harems--peopled solitudes,
+Where the veil'd idol kneels; and vistas, through
+Barr'd lattices, that give the enamoured view,
+Flowers, orange-trees, and waters sparkling near,
+And black and lovely eyes,--Alas, that Fear,
+At those heaven-gates, dark sentinel should stand,
+To scare even Fancy from her promised land!
+
+_Foreign Quar. Rev._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE SKETCH BOOK.
+
+THE MYSTERIOUS TAILOR.
+
+_A Romance of High Holborn._
+
+_(Concluded from page 46.)_
+
+
+On recovering from my stupor, I found myself with a physician and two
+apothecaries beside me, in bed at the George Inn, Ramsgate. I had been,
+it seems, for two whole days delirious, during which pregnant interval I
+had lived over again all the horrors of the preceding hours. The wind
+sang in my ears, the phantom forms of the unburied flitted pale and
+ghastly before my eyes. I fancied that I was still on the sea; that the
+massive copper-coloured clouds which hovered scarcely a yard overhead,
+were suddenly transformed into uncouth shapes, who glared at me from
+between saffron chinks, made by the scudding wrack; that the waters
+teemed with life, cold, slimy, preternatural things of life; that their
+eyes after assuming a variety of awful expressions, settled down into
+that dull frozen character, and their voices into that low, sepulchral,
+indefinable tone, which marked the Mysterious Tailor. This wretch was
+the Abaddon of my dreamy Pandaemonium. He was ever before me; he lent an
+added splendour to the day, and deepened the midnight gloom. On the
+heights of Bologne I saw him; far away over the foaming waters he
+floated still and lifeless beside me, his eye never once off my face,
+his voice never silent in my ear.
+
+My tale would scarcely have an end, were I to repeat but the one half of
+what during two brief days (two centuries in suffering) I experienced
+from this derangement of the nervous system. My readers may fancy that I
+have exaggerated my state of mind: far from it, I have purposely
+softened down the more distressing particulars, apprehensive, if not of
+being discredited, at least of incurring ridicule. Towards the close of
+the third day my fever began to abate, I became more sobered in my turn
+of thought, could contrive to answer questions, and listen with
+tolerable composure to my landlord's details of my miraculous
+preservation. The storm was slowly rolling off my mind, but the swell
+was still left behind it. The fourth day found me so far recovered, that
+I was enabled to quit my chamber, sit beside an open window, and derive
+amusement from the uncouth appearance of a Dutch crew, whose brig was
+lying at anchor in the harbour. From this time forward, every hour
+brought fresh accession to my strength, until at the expiration of the
+tenth day--so sudden is recovery in cases of violent fever when once the
+crisis is passed--I was sufficiently restored to take my place by a
+night-coach for London. The first few stages I endured tolerably well,
+notwithstanding that I had somewhat rashly ventured upon an outside
+place; but as midnight drew on, the wind became so piercingly keen,
+accompanied every now and then by a squally shower of sleet, that I was
+glad to bargain for an inside berth. By good luck, there was just room
+enough left for one, which I instantly appropriated, in spite of sundry
+hints _hemmed_ forth by a crusty old gentleman, that the coach was full
+already. I took my place in the coach, to the dissatisfaction of those
+already seated there. Not a word was spoken for miles: for the
+circumstance of its being dark increased the distrust of all, and, in
+the firm conviction that I was an adventurer, they had already, I make
+no doubt, buttoned up their pockets, and diligently adjusted their
+watch-chains. In a short time, this reserve wore away. From this moment
+the conversation became general. Each individual had some invalid story
+to relate, and I too, so far forgot my usual taciturnity as to indulge
+my hearers with a detail of my late indisposition--of its origin in the
+Mysterious Tailor--of the wretch's inconceivable persecution--of the
+fiendish peculiarities of his appearance--of his astonishing ubiquity,
+and lastly, of my conviction that he was either more or less than man.
+Scarcely had the very uncourteous laughter that accompanied this
+narrative concluded, when a low, intermittent snore, proceeding from a
+person close at my elbow, challenged my most serious notice. The sound
+was peculiar--original--unearthly--and reminded me of the same music
+which had so harrowed my nerves at Bologne. Yet it could not surely be
+he--he, the very thoughts of whom now sent a thrill through every vein.
+Oh, no! it must be some one else--there were other harmonious
+sternutators beside him, he could not be the only nasal nightingale in
+the three kingdoms. While I thus argued the matter, silently, yet
+suspiciously, a wandering gleam of day, streaming in at the coach
+windows, faintly lit up a nose the penultimate peculiarities of which
+gave a very ominous turn to my reflections. In due time this light
+became more vivid; and beneath its encouraging influence, first, a pair
+of eyes--then two sallow, juiceless cheeks, then an upper lip, then a
+projecting chin; and lastly, the entire figure of the Mysterious Tailor
+himself, whose head, it seems, had hitherto been folded, bird-like, upon
+his breast, grew into atrocious distinctness, while from the depths of
+the creature's throat came forth the strangely-solemn whisper, "touching
+that little account." For this once, indignation got the better of
+affright. "Go where I will," I exclaimed, passionately interrupting him,
+"I find I cannot avoid you, you have a supernatural gift of
+omnipresence, but be you fiend or mortal I will now grapple with you;"
+and accordingly snatching at that obnoxious feature which, like the tail
+of the rattle-snake, had twice warned me of its master's fatal presence,
+I grasped it with such zealous good will, that had it been of mortal
+manufacture it must assuredly have come off in my hands. Aroused by the
+laughter of my fellow passengers, the coachman--who was just preparing
+to mount, after having changed horses at Dartford--abruptly opened the
+door, on which I as abruptly jumped out; and after paying my fare the
+whole way to town, and casting on the fiend a look of "inextinguishable
+hatred," made an instant retreat into the inn. About the middle of the
+next day I reached London, and without a moment's pause hurried to the
+lodgings of my beforementioned friend C----. Luckily he was at home, but
+started at the strange forlorn figure that presented itself. And well
+indeed he might. My eye-balls were glazed and bloody, my cheeks white as
+a shroud, my mouth a-jar, my lips blue and quivering. "For God's sake,
+C----," I began, vouchsafing no further explanation, "lend me--(I
+specified the sum)--or I am ruined; that infernal, inconceivable Tailor
+has--." C----smilingly interrupted me by an instant compliance with my
+demand; on which, without a moment's delay, I bounded off, breathless
+and semi-frantic, towards my arch fiend's Pandaemonium at High Holborn.
+I cannot--cannot say what I felt as I crossed over from Drury-lane
+towards his den, more particularly when, on entering, I beheld the demon
+himself behind his counter--calm, moveless, and sepulchral, as if
+nothing of moment had occurred; as if he were an every-day dun, or I an
+every-day debtor. The instant he espied me, a sardonic smile, together
+with that appalling dissyllable, "touching" (which I never to this day
+hear, see, or write without a shudder) escaped him; but before he could
+close his oration, I had approached, trembling with rage and reverence,
+towards him, and, thrusting forth the exact sum, was rushing from his
+presence, when he beckoned me back for a receipt. A receipt, and from
+him too! It was like taking a receipt for one's soul from Satan!!
+
+The reader will doubtless conclude that, now at least, having
+satisfactorily settled his demands, I had done with my Tormentor for
+ever. This inference is in part correct. I followed up my vocation with
+an energy strangely contrasted with my recent indifference, was early
+and late in the schools, and for three months pursued this course with
+such ardour, that my adventures with the Mysterious Tailor, though not
+forgotten, were yet gradually losing their once powerful hold on my
+imagination. This was precisely the state of my feelings, when early one
+autumnal morning, just seven months from the date of my last visit to
+High Holborn, I chanced to be turning down Saint Giles's Church, on my
+way to--Hospital. I had nothing to render me more than usually pensive;
+no new vexations, no sudden pecuniary embarrassment; yet it so happened,
+that on this particular morning I felt a weight at my heart, and a cloud
+on my brain, for which I could in no way account. As I passed along
+Broad Street, I made one or two bold attempts to rally. I stared
+inquisitively at the different passers by, endeavouring, by a snatch at
+the expression of their faces, to speculate on the turn of their minds,
+and the nature of their occupations; I then began to whistle and hum
+some lively air, at the same time twirling my glove with affected
+unconcern; but nothing would do; every exertion I made to appear
+cheerful, not only found no answering sympathy from within, but even
+exaggerated by constrast my despondency. In this condition I reached
+Saint Giles's Church. A crowd was assembled at the gate opposite its
+entrance, and presently the long surly toll of the death-bell--that
+solemn and oracular memento--announced that a funeral was on the eve of
+taking place. The funeral halted at the entrance gate, where the coffin
+was taken from the hearse, and and thence borne into the chancel. This
+ceremony concluded, the procession again set forth towards the home
+appointed for the departed in a remote quarter of the church-yard. And
+now the interest began in reality to deepen. As the necessary
+preparations were making for lowering the coffin into earth, the
+mourners--even those who had hitherto looked unmoved--pressed gradually
+nearer, and with a momentary show of interest, to the grave. Such is the
+ennobling character of death.
+
+The preparations were by this time concluded, and nothing now remained
+but the last summons of the sexton. At this juncture, while the coffin
+was being lowered into its resting place, my eyes, accidentally, it may
+be said, but in reality by some fatal instinct, fell full upon the lid,
+on which I instantly recognised a name, long and fearfully known to
+me--the name of the Mysterious Tailor of High Holborn. Oh, how many
+thrilling recollections did this one name recal? The rencontre in the
+streets of London--the scene at the masquerade--the meeting at
+Bologne--the storm--the shipwreck--the sinking vessel--the appearance at
+that moment of _the man_ himself--the subsequent visions of mingled
+fever and insanity: all, all now swept across my mind, as for the last
+time I gazed on the remains of him who was powerless henceforth for
+ever. In a few minutes one little span of earth would keep down that
+strange form which seemed once endowed with ubiquity. That wild
+unearthly voice was mute; that wandering glance was fixed; a seal was
+set upon those lips which eternity itself could not remove. Yes, my
+Tormentor--my mysterious--omnipresent Tormentor was indeed gone; and in
+that one word, how much of vengeance was forgotten! I was roused from
+this reverie by the hollow sound of the clay as it fell dull and heavy
+on the coffin-lid. The poor sleeper beneath could not hear it, it is
+true; his slumber, henceforth, was sound; the full tide of human
+population pressing fast beside the spot where he lay buried, should
+never wake him more: no human sorrow should rack his breast, no dream
+disturb his repose; yet cold, changed, and senseless as he was, the
+first sound of the falling clods jarred strange and harsh upon my ear,
+as if it must perforce awake him. In this feverish state of mind I
+quitted the church-yard, and, on my road home, passed by the shop where
+I had first met with the deceased. It was altered--strangely altered--to
+my mind, revoltingly so. Its quaint antique character, its dingy
+spectral look were gone, and there was even a studied air of
+cheerfulness about it, as if the present proprietor were anxious to
+obliterate every association, however slight, that might possibly remind
+him of the past. The former owner had but just passed out, his ashes
+were scarcely cold, and already his name was on the wane. Yet this is
+human nature. So trifling, in fact, is the gap caused by our absence in
+society, that there needs no patriotic Curtius to leap into it; it
+closes without a miracle the instant it is made, and none but a
+disinterested Undertaker knows or cares for whom tolls our passing bell.
+
+_Monthly Magazine._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SPIRIT OF THE
+
++PUBLIC JOURNALS.+
+
+
+THE TOUR OF DULNESS.
+
+From her throne of clouds, as Dulness look'd
+  On her foggy and favour'd nation,
+She sleepily nodded her poppy-crown'd head,
+And gently waved her sceptre of lead,
+  In token of approbation.
+
+For the north-west wind brought clouds and gloom,
+  Blue devils on earth, and mists in the air;
+Of parliamentary prose some died,
+Some perpetrated suicide,
+  And her empire flourish'd there.
+
+The Goddess look'd with a gracious eye
+  On her ministers great and small;
+But most she regarded with tenderness
+Her darling shrine, the Minerva Press,
+  In the street of Leadenhall.
+
+This was her sacred haunt, and here
+  Her name was most adored,
+Her chosen here officiated.
+And hence her oracles emanated,
+  And breathed the Goddess in every word.
+
+She pass'd from the east to the west, and paused
+  In New Burlington-street awhile,
+To inspire a few puffs for Colburn and Co.
+And indite some dozen novels or so
+  In the fashionable style.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Then turning her own Magazine to inspect,
+  She was rather at fault, as of late
+The colour and series both were new;
+But the Goddess, with discernment true,
+  Detected it by the weight.
+
+She cross'd the Channel next, and peep'd
+  At Dublin; but the zeal
+Of the liberty boys soon put her to flight.
+And she dropp'd her mantle in her fright,
+  Which fell on Orator Shiel.
+
+Thence sped she to the Land of Cakes,
+  The land she loves and its possessors;
+She loves its Craniologists,
+Political Economists,
+  And all Scotch _mists_ and Scotch Professors.
+
+And chiefly she on McCulloch smiled,
+As a mother smiles on her darling child,
+  Or a lady on her lover;
+Then, bethinking her of Parliament,
+She hasten'd South, but ere she went,
+She promised if nothing occurr'd to prevent,
+  To return when the Session was over.
+
+_Blackwood's Magazine._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CANNIBALISM.
+
+In great cities, cannibalism takes an infinite variety of shapes. In the
+neighbourhood of St. James's-street there are numerous slaughter-houses,
+where men are daily consumed by the operation of cards and dice; and
+where they are caught by the same bait, at which Quin said he should
+have infallibly bitten. A similar process is likewise carried on in
+'Change Alley, on a great scale; not to speak of that snare especially
+set for widows and children, called a "joint stock speculation." But
+your cannibal of cannibals is a parliament patron. Here, a great borough
+proprietor swallows a regiment at a single gulp; and there, the younger
+son of a lord ruminates over a colony till the very crows cannot find a
+dinner in it; and there again, a duke or a minister, himself and his
+family, having first "supped full of horrors," casts a diocese to the
+side-table, to be mumbled at leisure by his son's tutor. The town is
+occasionally very indignant and very noisy against the gouls of
+Surgeons' Hall, because they live upon the dead carcasses of their
+fellow-creatures; while, strange to say, it takes but little account of
+the hordes of wretches who openly, and in the face of day, hunt down
+living men in their nefarious dealings as porter brewers, quack doctors,
+informers, attorneys, manufacturers of bean flour, alum, and Portland
+stone; and torture their subjects like so many barbacued pigs, in the
+complicated processes of their cookery.--_New Month. Mag._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIGNS OF THE TIMES.
+
+"They say this town is full of cozenage,
+As nimble jugglers that deceive the eye,
+Disguised cheaters, prating mountebanks,
+And many such like libertines of sin."
+SHAKSPEARE.
+
++Caveat emptor+! This is the age of fraud, imposture, substitution,
+transmutation, adulteration, abomination, contamination, and many others
+of the same sinister ending, always excepting purification. Every thing
+is debased and sophisticated, and "nothing is but what is not." All
+things are mixed, lowered, debased, deteriorated, by our cozening
+dealers and shopkeepers; and, bad as they are, there is every reason to
+fear that they are "mox daturos progeniem vitiosiorem." We wonder at the
+increase of bilious and dyspeptic patients, at the number of new books
+upon stomach complaints, at the rapid fortunes made by practitioners who
+undertake (the very word is ominous) to cure indigestion; but how can it
+be otherwise, when Accum, before he took to quoting with his scissors,
+assured us there was "poison in the pot;" when a recent writer has
+shown that there are still more deleterious ingredients in the
+wine-bottle; and when we ourselves have all had dismal intestine
+evidence that our bread is partly made of ground bones, alum, plaster of
+Paris; our tea, of aloe-leaves; our beer, of injurious drugs; our milk,
+of snails and chalk; and that even the water supplied to us by our
+companies is any thing rather than the real Simon Pure it professes to
+be. Not less earnestly than benevolently do our quack doctors implore us
+to beware of spurious articles; Day and Martin exhort us not to take our
+polish from counterfeit blacking: every advertiser beseeches the
+"pensive public" to be upon its guard against supposititious
+articles--all, in short, is knavery, juggling, cheating, and
+deception.--_Ibid._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Retrospective Gleanings
+
+SONNET
+
+BY HENRY TEONOE, A SEA CHAPLAIN IN THE REIGN OF CHARLES II.
+
+_Composed October the First, over against the East part of Candia._
+
+O! Ginnee was a bony lasse,
+  Which maks the world to woonder
+How ever it should com to passe
+  That wee did part a sunder.
+
+The driven snow, the rose so rare,
+  The glorious sunne above thee,
+Can not with my Ginnee compare,
+  She was so wonderous lovely.
+
+Her merry lookes, her forhead high,
+  Her hayre like golden-wyer,
+Her hand and foote, her lipe or eye,
+  Would set a saint on fyre.
+
+And for to give Giunee her due,
+  Thers no ill part about her;
+The turtle-dove's not half so true;
+  Then whoe can live without her?
+
+King Solomon, where ere he lay,
+  Did nere unbrace a kinder;
+O! why should Ginnee gang away,
+  And I be left behind her?
+
+Then will I search each place and roome
+  From London to Virginny,
+From Dover-peere to Scanderoone,
+  But I will finde my Ginny.
+
+But Ginny's turned back I feare,
+  When that I did not mind her;
+Then back to England will I steare,
+  To see where I can find her.
+
+And haveing Ginnee once againe,
+  If sheed doe her indeavour,
+The world shall never make us twaine--
+  Weel live and dye together.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SONG BY KING CHARLES II.
+
+_On the Duchess of Portsmouth leaving England._
+
+_(For the Mirror.)_
+
+Bright was the morning, cool the air,
+Serene was all the skies;
+When on the waves I left my dear,
+The center of my joys;
+Heav'n and nature smiling were.
+And nothing sad but I.
+
+Each rosy field their odours spread,
+All fragrant was the shore;
+Each river God rose from his bed,
+And sighing own'd her pow'r;
+Curling the waves they deck'd their heads,
+As proud of what they bore.
+
+Glide on ye waves, bear these lines,
+And tell her my distress;
+Bear all these sighs, ye gentle winds,
+And waft them to her breast;
+Tell her if e'er she prove unkind,
+I never shall have rest.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Anecdote Gallery
+
+VOLTAIRE.
+
+_(From various Authorities.)_
+
+The Chateau of Ferney, the celebrated residence of Voltaire, six miles
+from Geneva, is a place of very little picturesque beauty: its broad
+front is turned to the high road, without any regard to the prospect,
+and the garden is adorned with cut trees, parapet walls with
+flower-pots, jets d'eaux, &c. Voltaire's bed-room is shown in its
+pristine state, just as he left it in 1777, when, after a residence of
+twenty years, he went to Paris to enjoy a short triumph and die. Time
+and travellers have much impaired the furniture of light-blue silk, and
+the Austrians, quartered in the house during the late war, have not
+improved it; the bed-curtains especially, which for the last forty years
+have supplied each traveller with a precious little bit, hastily torn
+off, are of course in tatters. The bedstead is of common deal, coarsely
+put together; a miserable portrait of Le Kain, in crayons, hangs inside
+of the bed, and two others, equally bad, on each side, Frederic and
+Voltaire himself. Round the room are bad prints of Washington, Franklin,
+Sir Isaac Newton, and several other celebrated personages; the
+ante-chamber is decorated with naked figures, in bad taste; each of
+these rooms may be 12 feet by 15.
+
+Such is the narrative of an intelligent traveller, who recently visited
+Ferney. "Very few," says he, "remain alive, of those who saw the poet: a
+gardener who conducted us about the grounds had that advantage; he
+showed us the place where the theatre stood, filling the space on the
+left-hand side in entering, between the chateau and the chapel, but the
+inscription on the last, _Voltaire à Dieu_, was removed during the reign
+of terror. The _old_ gardener spoke favourably of his _old_ master, who
+was, he said, _bon homme tout-a-fait, bien charitable,_ and took an
+airing every morning in his coach and four."
+
+In the sitting-room, adjoining the bedroom, which he was accustomed to
+occupy, besides some good ancient paintings, is a very singular picture,
+which was painted according to Voltaire's direction. The principal
+personages are Voltaire, holding in his hand a roll of paper inscribed
+La Henriade; next him is a female personification of this favourite
+poem, whom he is presenting to Apollo crowned with rays of glory; Louis
+XIV. with his queen and court, are observing these chief figures. In
+another part, the Muses are crowning the burst of Voltaire with wreaths
+of flowers, and proposing to place it with those of other immortal
+authors in the Temple of Fame. The bottom of the picture is occupied by
+his enemies, who are being torn to pieces by wild beasts, or burning in
+flames of fire.
+
+In the bed-room is a marble cenotaph, on which is an urn that formerly
+contained the heart of Voltaire, which was removed several years ago,
+and placed in the church of Les Invalides at Paris. In this room also is
+an engraving of Voltaire's monument in the church-yard of Ferney. In
+this, four figures, representing the four quarters of the world, are
+preparing to honour his bust with wreaths of laurel and palms.
+Ignorance, meanwhile, with the wings of a fiend, armed with rods, is
+driving them away in the midst of their pacific employment, and
+extinguishing a lamp which burns above the tomb. It is a singular
+circumstance that Voltaire caused the church of Ferney to be built, as
+well as several houses in the village, and on an iron vane on the top of
+the former is inscribed, "_Deo erexit Voltaire_."
+
+After his escape from the court of Frederic, Voltaire went first to
+Lausanne, were he resided some years, and where he fitted up a private
+theatre; his acquaintances there supplied him with performers, of whom
+it seems he was proud, and who acted for him Zaire, Alzira, and several
+other plays. Some spirited drawings of Huber represent him behind the
+scene teaching, scolding, encouraging the actors; you might have thought
+you heard his loud _bravo_! The part of Lusignan was frequently filled
+by the poet himself, who was so much taken with it as to be seen in the
+morning at the door of his house already dressed for the stage. Voltaire
+had a hollow wooden voice, and his declamation had more pomp in it than
+nature; yet in the part of Trissotin, in the Femmes Savantes, he
+performed very well.
+
+From Lausanne, where he quarrelled with several persons, he went, in
+1755, to St. Jean, close to Geneva, and gave to the house he occupied
+the name of _Les Dèlices_, which it retains to this day. Ferney, which
+he bought soon after, became his permanent residence for twenty years.
+
+Strangers of distinction made a point of calling on the philosopher of
+Ferney, who for some years received their visits very willingly, giving
+them _fêtes_ and plays; but he became tired of this, and at last would
+only see those who could amuse him while he amused them. A quaker from
+Philadelphia, called Claude Gay, travelling in Europe, stayed some time
+at Geneva; he was known as the author of some Theological works, and
+liked for his good sense, moderation, and simplicity. Voltaire heard of
+him, his curiosity was excited, and he desired to see him. The quaker
+felt great reluctance, but suffered himself at last to be carried to
+Ferney, Voltaire having promised before hand to his friends that he
+would say nothing that could give him offence. At first he was delighted
+with the tall, straight, handsome quaker, his broad-brimmed hat, and
+plain drab suit of clothes; the mild and serene expression of his
+countenance; and the dinner promised to go off very well; yet he soon
+took notice of the great sobriety of his guest, and made jokes, to which
+he received grave and modest answers. The patriarchs, and the first
+inhabitants of the earth were next alluded to; by and by he began to
+sneer at the historical proofs of Revelation; but Claude was not to be
+driven away from his ground, and while examining these proofs, and
+arguing upon them rationally, he overlooked the light attacks of his
+adversary, when not to the point, appeared insensible to his sarcasms
+and wit, and remained always cool and serious. Voltaire's vivacity at
+last turned to downright anger; his eyes flashed fire whenever they met
+the benign and placid countenance of the quaker, and the dispute went so
+far at last, that the latter, getting up, said, "Friend Voltaire!
+perhaps thou mayst come to understand these matters rightly; in the
+meantime, finding I can do thee no good, I leave thee, and so fare thee
+well!" So saying he went away on foot, notwithstanding all entreaties,
+back again to Geneva, leaving the whole company in consternation.
+Voltaire immediately retired to his own room. M. Huber,[8] who was
+present at this scene, made a drawing of the two actors.
+
+PHILO.
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
++THE GATHERER.+
+
+A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+SHAKSPEARE.
+
+
+SIR W. JONES AND MR. DAY.
+
+One day, upon removing some books at the chambers of Sir William Jones,
+a large spider dropped upon the floor, upon which Sir William, with some
+warmth, said, "Kill that spider, Day, kill that spider!" "No," said Mr.
+Day, with that coolness for which he was so conspicuous, "I will not
+kill that spider, Jones; I do not know that I have a right to kill that
+spider! Suppose when you are going in your coach to Westminster Hall, a
+superior being, who, perhaps may have as much power over you as you have
+over this insect, should say to his companion, 'Kill that lawyer! kill
+that lawyer!' how should you like that, Jones? and I am sure, to most
+people, a lawyer is a more noxious animal than a spider."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BISHOP
+
+In Cambridge, this title is not confined to the dignitaries of the
+church; but _port_ wine, made _copiously potable_ by being mulled and
+burnt, with the _addenda_ of roasted lemons all bristling like angry
+hedge-hogs (studded with cloves,) is dignified with the appellation of
+_Bishop_:
+
+Beneath some old oak, come and rest thee, my hearty;
+  Our foreheads with roses, oh! let us entwine!
+And, inviting young Bacchus to be of the party,
+  We'll drown all our troubles in oceans of wine!
+
+And perfumed with _Macassar_ or _Otto_ of roses,
+  We'll pass round the BISHOP, the spice-breathing cup,
+And take of that medicine such wit-breeding doses,
+  We'll knock _down_ the god, or he shall knock us _up_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GAZETTED AND IN THE GAZETTE.
+
+These terms imply very different things. The son of a nobleman is
+_gazetted_, as a cornet in a regiment, and all his friends rejoice. John
+Thomson is _in the Gazette_, and all his friends lament.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+UNFORTUNATE CASE.
+
+A zealous priest in the north of Ireland missed a constant auditor from
+his congregation, in which schism had already made depredations. "What
+keeps our friend Farmer B----away from us?" was the anxious question
+proposed by the vigilant minister to his assistant, "I have not seen him
+among us," continued he, "these three weeks; I hope it is not
+Protestantism that keeps him away," "No," was the reply, "it is worse
+than that." "Worse than Protestantism? God forbid it should,--Deism?"
+"No, worse than that." "Worse than Deism! good heavens, I trust it is
+not Atheism." "No, worse than Atheism!" "Impossible, nothing can be
+worse than Atheism!" "Yes, it is, your honour--_it is Rheumatism_!"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LIQUIDATING CLAIMS.
+
+During a remarkable wet summer, Joe Vernon, whose vocal taste and humour
+contributed for many years to the entertainment of the frequenters of
+Vauxhall Gardens, but who was not quite so good a _timist_ in money
+matters as in music, meeting an acquaintance who had the misfortune to
+hold some of his unhonoured paper, was asked by him, not uninterestedly,
+how the gardens were going on? "Oh, _swimmingly_!" answered the jocose
+Joe. "Glad to hear it," retorted the creditor, "their _swimming_ state,
+I hope, will cause the singers to _liquidate their notes_."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Mr. Samuel Deacon, a most respectable Baptist minister, who resided at
+Barton in Leicestershire, was not peculiarly happy in his cast of
+countenance or general appearance; conscious of the silly ridicule his
+unprepossessing _tout ensemble_ occasionally excited, he made the
+following good-humoured, quaint remark:--
+
+"The carcass that you look at so,
+Is not Sam Deacon, you must know,
+But 'tis the carriage--the machine,
+Which Samuel Deacon rideth in."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ADVANTAGES OF LOQUACITY
+
+A very pretty woman, who was tediously loquacious, complained one day to
+Madame de Sevigné, that she was sadly tormented by her lovers. "Oh,
+Madame," said Madame de Sevigné to her, with a smile, "it is very easy
+to get rid of them: you have only to speak."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD 143, Strand, (near Somerset House,)
+London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHEN, 626, New Market, Leipsic; and by all
+Newsman and Booksellers._
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[1] The old bridge was of wood, and 168 yards in length. It was the most
+ancient on the River Thames, except that of London, and is mentioned in
+a record of the 8th year of Henry III.
+
+[2] At the time the chapel fell, the sexton, while digging a grave was
+buried under the ruins, with another person, and his daughter. The
+latter, notwithstanding she lay covered seven hours, survived this
+misfortune seventeen years, and was her father's successor. The memory
+of this event is preserved by a print of this singular woman, engraved
+by M'Ardell.
+
+[3] The work is dedicated to Dr. Babington, "in remembrance of some
+delightful days passed in his society, and in gratitude for an
+uninterrupted friendship of a quarter of a century;" and in the preface
+the author, after saying that the characters are imaginary, intimates
+that "in the portrait of HALIEUS, given in the last dialogue, a
+likeness, he thinks, will not fail to be recognised to that of a most
+estimable physician, ardently beloved by his friends, and esteemed and
+venerated by the public."
+
+[4] In our last volume, this was erroneously attributed to Swift.
+
+[5] See page 370, vol. xi. MIRROR.
+
+[6] As "kill him, crimp him," &c.
+
+[[7]] The late worthy and scientific Wm. Reynolds, of the Bank, near
+Ketley.
+
+[8] M. Huber was the father of the author of a work on the economy of
+bees, and the grandfather of the author of a work on the economy of
+ants. The first M. Huber had a very peculiar talent for drawing; with
+his scissors he could cut a piece of paper into a representation of
+anything, as accurately, and as fast, and with as much spirit, as he
+might have delineated with his pencil either figures or landscapes.
+Voltaire was his favourite subject; and he is known to have taught his
+dog to bite off a piece of crumb of bread, which he held in his hand, so
+as to give it as last the appearance of Voltaire.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 10331 ***
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
+       Volume XII., No. 324, July 26, 1828
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: November 29, 2003 [EBook #10331]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE 324 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Sjaani and PG Distributed Proofreaders
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR
+
+OF
+
+LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+324.] SATURDAY, JULY 26, 1828. [Price 2_d_.
+
+Vol. XII
+
+[Illustration: KINGSTON NEW BRIDGE]
+
+
+
+
+KINGSTON NEW BRIDGE.
+
+Through many a bridge the wealthy river roll'd.
+SOUTHEY.
+
+The annexed picturesque engraving represents the new bridge[1] from
+Kingston-upon-Thames to Hampton-Wick, in the royal manor of Hampton
+Court. It is built of Portland stone, and consists of five elliptical
+arches, the centre arch being 60 feet span by 19 in height, and the side
+arches 56 and 52 feet span respectively. The abutments are terminated by
+towers or bastions, and the whole is surmounted by a cornice and
+balustrade, with galleries projecting over the pier; which give a bold
+relief to the general elevation. The length of the bridge is 382 feet by
+27 feet in width. It is of chaste Grecian architecture, from the design
+of Mr. Lapidge, to whose courtesy we are indebted for the original of
+our engraving. The building contract was undertaken by Mr. Herbert for
+£26,800. and the extra work has not exceeded £100. a very rare, if not
+an unprecedented occurrence in either public or private undertakings of
+this description. The first stone was laid by the Earl of Liverpool,
+November 7, 1825, and the bridge was opened in due form by her royal
+highness the Duchess of Clarence, on July 17, 1828.
+
+Kingston is one of the most picturesque towns on the banks of the
+Thames; and its antiquarian attractions are of the highest order. It was
+occupied by the Romans, and in aftertimes it was either a royal
+residence or a royal demesne, so early as the union of the Saxon
+Heptarchy; for there is a record extant of a council held there in 838,
+at which Egbert, the first king of all England, and his son Athelwolf
+were present; and in this record it is styled _Kyningenstum famosa ilia
+locus_. Some of our Saxon kings were also crowned here; and adjoining
+the church is a large stone, on which, according to tradition, they were
+placed during the ceremony. Many interesting relics have from time to
+time been discovered in illustration of these historical facts, and till
+the year 1730, the figures of some of the above kings and that of king
+John (who chartered the town) were preserved in a chapel adjoining the
+above spot. In that year, however, the chapel fell, and with it were
+demolished the royal _effigies_.[2] Mr. Lysons, with his usual accuracy,
+enumerates nine kings who were crowned here.
+
+Kingston formerly sent members to parliament, till, by petition, the
+inhabitants prayed to be relieved from the burden!
+
+At Hampton Wick, the village on the opposite bank, resided the witty but
+profligate Sir Richard Steele, in a house which he whimsically
+denominated "the hovel;" and "from the Hovel at Hampton Wick, April 7,
+1711," he dedicated the fourth volume of the _Tatler_ to Charles, Lord
+Halifax. This was probably about the time he became surveyor of the
+royal stables at Hampton Court, governor of the king's comedians, a
+justice of the peace for Middlesex, and a knight.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ARCHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY.
+
+The first Archbishop of Canterbury was Austin, appointed by King
+Ethelbert, on his conversion to Christianity, about the year 598. Before
+the coming of the Saxons into England, the Christian Britons had three
+Archbishops, viz. of London, York, and Caerleon, an ancient city of
+South Wales. The Britons being driven out of these parts, the
+Archbishoprick of London became extinct; and when Pope Gregory the Great
+had afterwards sent thither Augustine, and his fellow-labourer to preach
+the Gospel to the then heathen Saxons, the Archiepiscopal See was
+planted at Canterbury, as being the metropolis of the kingdom of Kent,
+where King Ethelbert had received the same St. Augustine, and with his
+kingdom was baptized, and embraced the doctrines of Christianity before
+the rest of the Heptarchy. The other Archbishoprick of Caerleon was
+translated to St. David's in Pembrokeshire, and afterwards wholly to the
+See of Canterbury; since which, all England and Wales reckon but two
+Archbishops, Canterbury and York. The following Archbishops have died at
+Lambeth Palace;--Wittlesey, in 1375; Kemp, 1453; Dean, 1504; all buried
+in Canterbury Cathedral: Cardinal Pole, 1558, after lying in state here
+40 days was buried at Canterbury; Parker, 1575, buried in Lambeth
+Chapel; Whitgift, 1604, buried at Croydon; Bancroft, 1610, buried at
+Lambeth; Juxon, 1663, buried in the chapel of St. John's College,
+Oxford; Sheldon, 1667, buried at Croydon; Tillotson, 1694, buried in the
+church of St. Laurence Jewry, London; Tennison, 1715; and Potter, 1747,
+both buried at Croydon; Seeker, 1768; Cornwallis, 1783, and Moore,
+1805, all buried at Lambeth. In 1381, the Archbishop, Simon of Sudbury,
+fell a victim to Wat Tyler and his crew, when they attacked Lambeth
+Palace.
+
+P. T. W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DAYS OF FLY FISHING.
+
+That an ex-president (Sir Humphry Davy) of the Royal Society should
+write a book on field sports may at first sight appear rather
+_unphilosophical_; although it is not more fanciful than Bishop
+Berkeley's volume on tar water, Bishop Watson's improvement in the
+manufacture of gunpowder, Sir Walter Scott writing a sermon, or a Scotch
+minister inventing a safety gun, and, as we are told, _presenting_ the
+same to the King in person. Be this as it may, since our first
+acquaintance with the "prince of piscators," the patriarch of anglers,
+Isaak Walton, it has seldom been our lot to meet with so pleasant a
+volume as _Salmonia, or Days of Fly Fishing_, to whose contents we are
+about to introduce our readers.
+
+In our last number we gave a _flying_ extract, entitled, "Superstitions
+on the Weather," being a fair specimen of the very agreeable manner of
+the digressions in the above work, which is, perhaps, less practical
+than it might have been; but this defect is more than atoned for in the
+author's felicitous mode of intermingling with the main subject, some of
+the most curious facts and phenomena in natural history and philosophy
+so as to familiarize the angler with many causes and effects which
+altogether belong to a higher class of reading than that of mere
+amusement. All this, too, is done in a simple, graceful, and flowing
+style, always amusive, and sometimes humorously illustrative--advantages
+which our philosophical writers do not generally exhibit, but which are
+more or less evident in every page of Sir Humphry Davy's writings.
+
+_Salmonia_ consists of a series of conversations between four
+characters--Halieus,[3] Poietes, Physicus, Ornither. In the "First Day"
+we have an ingenious vindication of fly fishing against the well-known
+satire of Johnson[4] and Lord Byron, and the following:--
+
+_Halieus._--A noble lady, long distinguished at court for pre-eminent
+beauty and grace, and whose mind possesses undying charms, has written
+some lines in my copy of Walton, which, if you will allow me, I will
+repeat to you:--
+
+Albeit, gentle Angler, I
+  Delight not in thy trade,
+Yet in thy pages there doth lie
+So much of quaint simplicity,
+    So much of mind,
+    Of such good kind.
+  That none need be afraid,
+Caught by thy cunning bait, this book,
+To be ensnared on thy hook.
+
+Gladly from thee, I'm lur'd to bear
+  With things that seem'd most vile before,
+For thou didst on poor subjects rear
+Matter the wisest sage might hear.
+    And with a grace,
+    That doth efface
+  More laboured works, thy simple lore
+Can teach us that thy skilful _lines_,
+More than the scaly brood _confines_.
+
+Our hearts and senses too, we see,
+  Rise quickly at thy master hand,
+And ready to be caught by thee
+Are lured to virtue willingly.
+    Content and peace,
+    With health and ease,
+  Walk by thy side. At thy command
+We bid adieu to worldly care.
+And joy in gifts that all may share.
+
+Gladly with thee, I pace along.
+  And of sweet fancies dream;
+Waiting till some inspired song,
+Within my memory cherished long,
+    Comes fairer forth.
+    With more of worth;
+  Because that time upon its stream
+Feathers and chaff will bear away,
+But give to gems a brighter ray.
+
+And though the charming and intellectual author of this poem is not an
+angler herself, yet I can quote the example of her lovely daughters to
+vindicate fly fishing from the charge of cruelty, and to prove that the
+most delicate and refined minds can take pleasure in this innocent
+amusement.
+
+Gay's passionate love for angling is well known; it was his principal
+occupation in the summer at Amesbury; and "the late excellent John
+Tobin, author of the _Honey Moon_, was an ardent angler." Among heroes,
+Trajan was fond of angling. Nelson was a good fly-fisher, and continued
+the pursuit even with his left hand; and, says the author, "I have known
+a person who fished with him at Merton, in the Wandle. Dr. Paley was so
+much attached to this amusement, that when the Bishop of Durham inquired
+of him when one of his most important works would be finished, he said,
+with great simplicity and good-humour, 'My lord, I shall work steadily
+at it when the fly-fishing season is over.'"--Then we have a poetical
+description of river scenery, till two of the party arrive at the
+following conclusions:--
+
+I have already admitted the danger of analyzing, too closely, the moral
+character of any of our field sports; yet I think it cannot be doubted
+that the nervous system of fish, and cold-blooded animals in general, is
+less sensitive than that of warm-blooded animals. The hook usually is
+fixed in the cartilaginous part of the mouth, where there are no nerves;
+and a proof that the sufferings of a hooked fish cannot be great is
+found in the circumstance, that though a trout has been hooked and
+played for some minutes, he will often, after his escape with the
+artificial fly in his mouth, take the natural fly, and feed as if
+nothing had happened; having apparently learnt only from the experiment,
+that the artificial fly is not proper for food. And I have caught pikes
+with four or five hooks in their mouths, and tackle which they had
+broken only a few minutes before; and the hooks seemed to have had no
+other effect than that of serving as a sort of _sauce piquante_, urging
+them to seize another morsel of the same kind.--The advocates for a
+favourite pursuit never want sophisms to defend it. I have even heard it
+asserted, that a hare enjoys being hunted. Yet I will allow that
+fly-fishing, after your vindication, appears amongst the least cruel of
+field sports.
+
+We must, however, confine ourselves to a few colloquial extracts from
+the _practical_ portion of the volume; as
+
+_Flies on the Wandle, &c._
+
+_Orn._--Surely the May-fly season is not the only season for day-fishing
+in this river? [the Wandle.]--_Hal._ Certainly not. There are as many
+fish to be taken, perhaps, in the spring fishing; but in this deep river
+they are seldom in good season till the May-fly has been on, and a
+fortnight hence they will be still better than even now. In September
+there may be good fish taken here; but the autumnal flies are less
+plentiful in this river than the spring flies--_Phys_, Pray tell me what
+are the species of fly which take in these two seasons.--_Hal_. You know
+that trout spawn or deposit their ova, &c. in the end of the autumn or
+beginning of winter, from the middle of November till the beginning of
+January, their maturity depending upon the temperature of the season,
+their quantity of food, &c. They are at least six weeks or two months
+after they have spawned before they recover their flesh; and the time
+when these fish are at the worst, is likewise the worst time for
+fly-fishing, both on account of the cold weather, and because there are
+fewer flies on the water than at any other season. Even in December and
+January there are a few small gnats or water-flies on the water in the
+middle of the day, in bright days, or when there is sunshine. These are
+generally black, and they escape the influence of the frost by the
+effects of light on their black bodies, and probably by the extreme
+rapidity of the motions of their fluids, and generally of their organs.
+They are found only at the surface of the water, where the temperature
+must be above the freezing point. In February a few double-winged
+water-flies, which swim down the stream, are usually found in the middle
+of the day, such as the willow-fly; and the cow-dung-fly is sometimes
+carried on the water by winds. In March there are several flies found on
+most rivers. The grannam, or green-tail-fly, with a wing like a moth,
+comes on generally morning and evening, from five till eight o'clock,
+A.M. in mild weather, in the end of March and through April. Then there
+are the blue and the brown, both ephemerae, which come on, the first in
+dark days, the second in bright days; these flies, when well imitated,
+are very destructive to fish. The first is a small fly, with a palish
+yellow body, and slender, beautiful wings, which rest on the back as it
+floats down the water. The second, called the cob in Wales, is three or
+four times as large, and has brown wings, which likewise protrude from
+the back, and its wings are shaded like those of a partridge, brown and
+yellow brown. These three kinds of flies lay their eggs in the water,
+which produce larvae that remain in the state of worms, feeding and
+breathing in the water till they are prepared for their metamorphosis,
+and quit the bottoms of the rivers, and the mud and stones, for the
+surface, and light and air. The brown fly usually disappears before the
+end of April, likewise the grannam; but of the blue dun there is a
+succession of different tints, or species, or varieties, which appear in
+the middle of the day all the summer and autumn long. These are the
+principal flies on the Wandle--the best and clearest stream near London.
+In early spring these flies have dark olive bodies; in the end of April
+and the beginning of May they are found yellow; and in the summer they
+become cinnamon coloured; and again, as the winter approaches, gain a
+darker hue. I do not, however, mean to say that they are the same flies,
+but more probably successive generations of ephemerae of the same
+species. The excess of heat seems equally unfavourable, as the excess of
+cold, to the existence of the smaller species of water-insects, which,
+during the intensity of sunshine, seldom appear in summer, but rise
+morning and evening only. The blue dun has, in June and July, a yellow
+body; and there is a water-fly which, in the evening, is generally found
+before the moths appear, called the red spinner. Towards the end of
+August, the ephemerae appear again in the middle of the day--a very
+pale, small ephemera, which is of the same colour as that which is seen
+in some rivers in the beginning of July. In September and October this
+kind of fly is found with an olive body, and it becomes darker in
+October and paler in November. There are two other flies which appear in
+the end of September and continue during October, if the weather be
+mild; a large yellow fly, with a fleshy body, and wings like a moth; and
+a small fly with four wings, with a dark or claret coloured body, that
+when it falls on the water has its wings like the great yellow fly, flat
+on its back. This, or a claret bodied fly, very similar in character,
+may be likewise found in March or April, on some waters. In this river I
+have often caught many large trout in April and the beginning of May,
+with the blue dun, having the yellow body; and in the upper part of the
+stream below St. Albans, and between that and Watford, I have sometimes,
+even as early as April, caught fish in good condition; but the _true_
+season for the Colne is the season of the May-fly. The same may be said
+of most of the large English rivers containing large trouts, and
+abounding in May-fly--such as the Test and the Kennett, the one running
+by Stockbridge, the other by Hungerford. But in the Wandle, at
+Carshalton and Beddington, the May-fly is not found; and the little
+blues are the constant, and, when well imitated, killing flies on this
+water; to which may be joined a dark alder-fly, and a red evening fly.
+In the Avon, at Ringwood and Fordingbridge, the May-fly is likewise a
+killing fly; but as this is a grayling river, the other flies,
+particularly the grannam and blue and brown, are good in spring, and the
+alder-fly or pale blue later, and the blue dun in September and October,
+and even November. In the streams in the mountainous parts of Britain,
+the spring and autumnal flies are by far the most killing. The Usk was
+formerly a very productive trout-stream, and the fish being well fed by
+the worms washed down by the winter floods, were often in good season,
+cutting red, in March and the beginning of April: and at this season the
+blues and browns, particularly when the water was a little stained after
+a small flood, afforded the angler good sport. In Herefordshire and
+Derbyshire, where trout and grayling are often found together, the same
+periods are generally best for angling; but in the Dove, Lathkill, and
+Wye, with the natural May-fly many fish may be taken; and in old times,
+in peculiarly windy days, or high and troubled water, even the
+artificial May-fly, according to Cotton, was very killing.
+
+Here we must end, at least _for the present_; but there is so much
+anecdotical pleasantry in _Salmonia_ that we might continue our extracts
+through many columns, and we are persuaded, to the gratification of the
+majority of our readers. Even when we announced the publication of this
+work a few weeks since, we were led to anticipate the delight it would
+afford many of our esteemed correspondents, especially our friend
+_W.H.H._, who has "caught about forty trout in two or three hours" in
+the rocky basins of Pot-beck, &c.[5]
+
+Sir Humphry Davy mentions the Wandle in Surrey, as we have quoted; but
+he does not allude to the trout-fishing in the Mole, in the Vale of
+Leatherhead in the same county. There are in the course of the work a
+few expressions which make humanity shudder, and would drive a
+Pythagorean to madness,[6] notwithstanding the ingenuity with which the
+author attempts to vindicate his favourite amusement.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SHROPSHIRE AND WELSH GIRLS.
+
+There are few Londoners who in their suburban strolls have failed to
+notice the scores of _female_ fruit-carriers by whose toil the markets
+are supplied with some of their choicest delicacies. As an interesting
+illustration of the meritorious character of these handmaids to luxury,
+I send you the following extract from Sir Richard Phillips's _Walk from
+London to Kew_.
+
+PHILO.
+
+In the strawberry season, hundreds of women are employed to carry that
+delicate fruit to market on their heads; and their industry in
+performing this task is as wonderful, as their remuneration is unworthy
+of the opulent classes who derive enjoyment from their labour. They
+consist, for the most part, of Shropshire and Welsh girls, who walk to
+London at this season in droves, to perform this drudgery, just as the
+Irish peasantry come to assist in the hay and corn harvests. I learnt
+that these women carry upon their heads baskets of strawberries or
+raspberries, weighing from forty to fifty pounds, and make two turns in
+the day, from Isleworth to market, a distance of thirteen miles each
+way; three turns from Brentford, a distance of nine miles; and four
+turns from Hammersmith, a distance of six miles. For the most part, they
+find some conveyance back; but even then these industrious creatures
+carry loads from twenty-four to thirty miles a-day, besides walking back
+unladen some part of each turn! Their remuneration for this unparalleled
+slavery is from 8_s_. to 9_s_. per day; each turn from the distance of
+Isleworth being 4_s_. or 4_s_. 6_d_.; and from that of Hammersmith 2_s_.
+or 2_s_. 3_d_. Their diet is coarse and simple, their drink, tea and
+small-beer; costing not above 1_s_. or 1_s_. 6_d_. and their back
+conveyance about 2_s_. or 2_s_. 6_d_.; so that their net gains are about
+5_s_. per day, which, in the strawberry season, of forty days, amounts
+to 10_l_. After this period the same women find employment in gathering
+and marketing vegetables, at lower wages, for other sixty days, netting
+about 5_l_. more. With this poor pittance they return to their native
+county, and it adds either to their humble comforts, or creates a small
+dowry towards a rustic establishment for life. Can a more interesting
+picture be drawn of virtuous exertion? Why have our poets failed to
+colour and finish it? More virtue never existed in their favourite
+shepherdesses than in these Welsh and Shropshire girls! For beauty,
+symmetry, and complexion, they are not inferior to the nymphs of
+Arcadia, and they far outvie the pallid specimens of Circassia! Their
+morals too are exemplary; and they often perform this labour to support
+aged parents, or to keep their own children from the workhouse! In keen
+suffering, they endure all that the imagination of a poet could desire;
+they live hard, they sleep on straw in hovels and barns, and they often
+burst an artery, or drop down dead from the effect of heat and
+over-exertion! Yet, such is the state of one portion of our female
+population, at a time when we are calling ourselves the most polished
+nation on earth.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+COLEBROOK-DALE IRON-WORKS--THE REYNOLDS'.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror_.)
+
+In the interesting extract you have given in your excellent Miscellany
+(No. 321) from Bakewell's Introduction to Geology, when speaking of the
+exhausted or impoverished state of the iron-ore and coals in Shropshire,
+&c., an allusion is made in a note to that truly excellent man, the late
+Mr. Richard Reynolds, and to the final extinction of the furnaces at
+Colebrook-Dale, which is not altogether correct.
+
+I beg leave, therefore, to point out the errors to you, and to add a
+fact or two more relating to that distinguished philanthropist and his
+family, which, perhaps, will not be unacceptable to many of your
+readers.
+
+Mr. Reynolds was by no means the _original_, nor, I believe, ever the
+_sole_ proprietor, of the iron-works in Colebrook-Dale, as stated by Mr.
+Bakewell; he derived his right in them from his wife's family the
+Darbies; and the firm of "Darby and Company" was the well known mark on
+the iron from these works for a very long period; more recently, that of
+"Colebrook-Dale Company" was adopted.
+
+The Darbies were an old and respectable family of the Society of
+Friends, and a pair of the elder branches of it were the original "Darby
+and Joan," whose names are so well known throughout the whole kingdom. I
+had this anecdote from one of the sons of Mr. Reynolds,[7] and have no
+doubt of its authenticity.
+
+It may not be generally known to your readers, perhaps, that the first
+iron bridge in England was projected at, and cast from, the furnaces of
+Colebrook-Dale, and erected over the Severn, near that place, about the
+year 1779; and, considering it to be the _first_ bridge of the kind, I
+feel little hesitation in stating it to be, even now, the most beautiful
+one. This structure, at that time thought to be a wonderful attempt, was
+the entire offspring of Mr. Reynolds' genius; it was planned, cast, and
+erected, under his immediate care and superintendance.
+
+I cannot suppose the reason given by your author for the discontinuance
+of the works at Colebrook-Dale to be correct, as there is another large
+furnace in the immediate neighbourhood, called "Madeley Wood Furnace"
+(also belonging to Mr. Reynolds's family), which was allowed to make,
+and, I believe, still makes, the best iron and steel in the United
+Kingdom. Mr. Reynolds had also other great iron-works at Ketley, since
+carried on by his two sons, William and Joseph, and still in high
+reputation, as to the quality of the iron made there; these are not more
+distant from Colebrook-Dale than six or seven miles, and between the two
+there are the extensive and highly valuable works of "Old Park," &c.,
+belonging to Mr. Botfield (so that the whole district abounds in the
+materials), which not having the advantage of the immediate vicinity of
+the Severn for conveyance, would have been more likely to have stopped
+from the circumstances stated in your extract; _viz._ the failure in
+quality or quantity of iron-stone, coals, or other necessary matter. The
+Colebrook-Dale fires must, therefore, I conceive, have ceased to blaze,
+and the blast of her furnaces to roar, from some other cause, and from
+some private reason of her late proprietors.
+
+Your constant reader,
+
+_Shrewsbury._ SALOPIENSIS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NOTES OF A READER.
+
+TRAGEDY.
+
+We do not see any necessary and natural connexion between death and the
+end of the third volume of a novel, or the conclusion of the fifth act
+of a play,--though that connexion in some modern novels, and in most
+English tragedies, seems to be assumed. Nor does it seem to follow,
+that, because death is the object of universal dread and aversion, and
+because terror is one of the objects of tragedy, death must, therefore,
+necessarily be represented; and not only so, but the more deaths the
+better. If it be true that familiarity has a tendency to create
+indifference, if not contempt, it must be considered prudent to have
+recourse to this strong exhibition as to drastic remedies in medicine,
+with caution and discrimination, and with a view to the continuance of
+its effect. We cannot help wishing that our own Shakspeare, who lays
+down such excellent rules for the guidance of actors, and cautions them
+so earnestly against "overstepping the modesty of nature," and the
+danger of "tearing passion to rags," had remembered, that the poet
+himself has certain limits imposed upon him, which he cannot transgress
+with impunity. We should not then have observed, in the perusal of some
+of his plays, the marginal notice of ["_dies_"] with about as much
+emotion as a note of exclamation; nor, when at the actual
+representation, we behold the few remaining persons of the drama
+scarcely able to cross the stage without stumbling over the bodies of
+their fallen companions, should we have felt our thoughts unavoidably
+wandering from the higher business and moral effect of the scene, to the
+mere physical and repelling images of fleshly mortality.--_Edinburgh
+Rev._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The inquiries of the committee appointed to devise means for the
+suppression of mendicity, leave us no reason to doubt that in an average
+of cases a London beggar made by "his trade" eighteen-pence per day, or
+twenty-seven pounds per annum!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_One-ninth_ of the whole population of Paris are wholly maintained by
+funds which the different bureaux of charity distribute for their
+relief; and still a countless horde of mendicants infest her streets,
+her quays, and all her public places.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Science and literature are "the nourishment of youth, the delight of
+age, the ornaments of prosperous life, the refuge and consolation of
+adversity, the companions of our weary travels, of our rural solitudes,
+of our sleepless nights."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The following quotation from _Jamieson's Scottish Dictionary_ points out
+the frugal and temperate Scot; and, in illustration, may be contrasted
+with the proverbial invitation of the better feeding English, "Will you
+come and take your mutton with me?"
+
+"KAIL, used metonimically for the whole dinner; as constituting among
+our temperate ancestors the principal part, _s_.
+
+"Hence, in giving a friendly invitation to dinner, it is common to say,
+'Will you come and tak your _kail_ wi' me?' This, as a learned friend
+observes, resembles the French invitation, _Voulez vous venir manger la
+soupe chez moi!_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE RIVER NILE.
+
+Ledyard, in his _Travels_, speaks thus contemptuously of this celebrated
+wonder:--"This is the mighty, the sovereign of rivers--the vast Nile
+that has been metamorphosed into one of the wonders of the world! Let me
+be careful how I read, and, above all, how I read ancient history. You
+have heard, and read too, much of its inundations. If the thousands of
+large and small canals from it, and the thousands of men and machines
+employed to transfer, by artificial means, the water of the Nile to the
+meadows on its banks--if this be the inundation that is meant, it is
+true; any other is false; it is not an inundating river."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Jewish children to this day celebrate the fall and death of Haman,
+and on that anniversary represent the blows which they would fain deal
+on his scull, by striking with envenomed fury on the floor with wooden
+hammers. This observance was but very lately forbidden in the Grand
+Duchy of Baden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TRAVELLING FOLLIES.
+
+"Many gentlemen," says an old English author, "coming to their lands
+sooner than to their wits, adventure themselves to see the fashion of
+other countries; whence they see the world, as Adam had knowledge of
+good and evil, with the loss or lessening of their estate in this
+English Paradise; and bring home a few smattering terms, flattering
+garbs, apish carriages, foppish fancies, foolish guises and disguises,
+the vanities of neighbour nations."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Spaniards are infinitely more careful than the French, and other
+nations, in planting trees, and in taking care of them; for it rarely
+happens, when a Spaniard eats fruit in a wood or in the open country,
+that he does not set the stones or the pips; and thus in the whole of
+their country an infinite number of fruit-trees of all kinds are found;
+whereas, in the French quarters you meet with none--_Labat._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PAINTING.
+
+It is painful to think how soon the paintings of Raphael, and Titian,
+and Correggio, and other illustrious men will perish and pass away. "How
+long," said Napoleon to David, "will a picture last?" "About four or
+five hundred years!--a fine immortality!" The poet multiplies his works
+by means of a cheap material--and Homer, and Virgil, and Dante, and
+Tasso, and Moliere, and Milton, and Shakspeare, may bid oblivion
+defiance; the sculptor impresses his conceptions on metal or on marble,
+and expects to survive the wreck of nations and the wrongs of time; but
+the painter commits to perishable cloth or wood the visions of his
+fancy, and dies in the certain assurance that the life of his works will
+be but short in the land they adorn.--_For. Rev._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A Chinese novelist, in describing his hero, says, "the air of the
+mountains and rivers had formed his body; his mind, like a rich piece of
+embroidery, was worthy of his handsome face!" Pity he has not been
+introduced among our "fashionable novels."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHRENOLOGY.
+
+In 1805, Dr. Gall, the celebrated phrenologist, visited the prison of
+Berlin in the course of his experimental travels to establish his
+theories. On April 17, in the presence of many witnesses, he was shown
+upwards of two hundred culprits, of whom he had never heard till that
+moment, and to whose crimes and dispositions he was a total stranger.
+Dr. Gall immediately pointed out, as a general feature in one of the
+wards, an extraordinary development in the region of the head where the
+organ of theft is situated, and in fact every prisoner there was a
+thief. Some children, also detained for theft, were then shown to him;
+and in them, too, the same organ was very prominent. In two of them
+particularly it was excessively large; and the prison-registers
+confirmed his opinion that these two were most incorrigible. In another
+room, where the women were kept apart, he distinguished one drest
+exactly like the others, occupied like them, and differing in no one
+thing but in the form of her head. "For what reason is this woman here,"
+asked Gall, "for her head announces no propensity to theft?" The answer
+was, "She is the inspectress of this room." One prisoner had the organs
+of benevolence and of religion as strongly developed as those of theft
+and cunning; and his boast was, that he never had committed an act of
+violence, and that it was repugnant to his feelings to rob a church. In
+a man named Fritze, detained for the murder of his wife, though his
+crime was not proved, the organs of cunning and firmness were fully
+developed; and it was by these that he had eluded conviction. In
+Maschke, he found the organ of the mechanical arts, together with a head
+very well organized in many respects; and his crime was coining. In
+Troppe he saw the same organ. This man was a shoemaker, who, without
+instruction, made clocks and watches, to gain a livelihood in his
+confinement. On a nearer inspection, the organ of imitation was found to
+be large. "If this man had ever been near a theatre," said Gall, "he
+would in all probability have turned actor." Troppe, astonished at the
+accuracy of this sentence, confessed that he had joined a company of
+strolling players for six months. His crime, too, was having personated
+a police-officer, to extort money. The organs of circumspection,
+prurience, foresight, were sadly deficient in Heisig, who, in a drunken
+fit, had stabbed his best friend. In some prisoners he found the organ
+of language, in others of colour, in others of mathematics; and his
+opinion in no single instance failed to be confirmed by the known
+talents and dispositions of the individual.--_For. Q. Rev._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SAVING HABITS OF THE ENGLISH.
+
+According to the House of Commons' returns in 1815, there were no fewer
+than 925,439 individuals in England and Wales, being about
+_one-eleventh_ of the then existing population, members of _Friendly
+Societies_, formed for the express purpose of affording protection to
+the members during sickness and old age, and enabling them to subsist
+without resorting to the parish funds. "No such unquestionable proof of
+the prevalence of a spirit of providence and independence can be
+exhibited in any other European country." We have to add, that these
+must be the happiest people in the social scale.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In the year 1300, Giovanni Cimabue
+and Giotto, both of Florence, were the
+first to assert the natural dignity and originality
+of art, and the story of those
+illustrious friends is instructive and romantic.
+The former was a gentleman
+by birth and scholarship, and brought to
+his art a knowledge of the poetry and
+sculpture of Greece and Rome. The latter
+was _a shepherd_; when the inspiration
+of art fell upon him, he was watching his
+flocks among the hills, and his first attempts
+in art were to draw his sheep and
+goats upon rocks and stones. It happened
+that Cimabue, who was then high
+in fame, observed the sketches of the
+gifted shepherd; entered into conversation
+with him; heard from his own lips his
+natural notions of the dignity of art; and
+was so much charmed by his compositions
+and conversation, that he carried
+him to Florence, and became his close
+and intimate friend and associate. They
+found Italian painting rude in form, and
+without spirit and without sentiment;
+they let out their own hearts fully in their
+compositions, and to this day their works
+are highly esteemed for grave dignity of
+character, and for originality of conception.
+Of these great Florentines, Giotto, the
+shepherd, is confessedly the more eminent;
+in him we see the dawn, or rather
+the sunrise, of the fuller light of Raphael.
+--_For. Rev._
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A REAL HERO.
+
+In a _recherché_ article in the _Foreign Quarterly Review_ we meet with
+the following marvellous story of Sterkodder, a sort of giant-killing
+hero of the North, who, having reached his 90th year, became infirm,
+blind, and eager to die. To leave the world in a natural way was out of
+the question; and to be dispatched to the Hall of Odin by an ignoble
+hand was scarcely less to be dreaded. Leaning on two crutches, with a
+sword at each side, he waited for some one to give him the mortal
+stroke. To tempt the avarice of such a one, he suspended from his neck a
+valuable gold chain. He slew a peasant passing, who, rallying him on his
+infirm state, had ventured to beg one of his swords, as neither could
+any longer be of service to him. At last his good fortune brought him a
+worthy executioner in Hather, the son of a prince whom he had slain. The
+young hero was hunting, and seeing the old man, he ordered two of his
+attendants to tease him. Both lost their lives for their temerity. The
+prince then advanced; and the old man, after relating his great actions,
+desired the former to kill him. To make the inducement stronger, he
+displayed the golden chain, which would be the reward of the deed; and
+to excite his rage, as well as avarice, he avowed that it was he who had
+slain the late prince, and that revenge was the sacred duty of the son.
+Influenced by both considerations, the latter consented to behead him.
+Sterkodder exhorted him to strike manfully. The head was accordingly
+severed from the body at a single blow; and as it touched the earth, the
+teeth fastened themselves furiously in the ground.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WORKHOUSES
+
+Were first erected in England in the year 1723, when they had an instant
+and striking effect in reducing the number of poor. Indeed the aversion
+of the poor to workhouses was so great, that Sir F.M. Eden mentions that
+some proposed, by way of weakening this aversion, "to call workhouses by
+some softer and more inoffensive name." Previously to this date, it had
+been customary to relieve the able-bodied poor at their own houses.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MARRIAGES IN CHINA
+
+Are effected through the assistance of go-betweens, who enjoy, however,
+a very different repute from those of Europe, inasmuch as, among the
+former, the employ is of the most honourable character.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There are 300 palaces at Rome, of which 65 only are worth seeing, and
+these are defined to be houses which have arched gateways into which
+carriages can drive. Some of these palaces contain pictures and statues
+worth 130 or 160,000_l_., but with scarce a window whose panes are all
+whole, or a clean staircase.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HORRORS OF THE INQUISITION IN SPAIN.
+
+Endless was the catalogue of most pious men and eminent scholars who
+underwent purification, as it is termed, in this den of superstition and
+tyranny. The culprit was not permitted to speak with his attorney,
+except in the presence of the inquisitor and a notary, who took notes,
+and certified what passed; and so far from the names of the informer or
+of the witnesses being supplied, every thing that could facilitate the
+explanation of them was expunged from the declarations; and the
+prisoners, one and all, in these dungeons might truly exclaim, with Fray
+Luis de Leon, "I feel the pain, but see not the hand which inflicts
+it." Even in the early days of the inquisition, torture was carried to
+such an extent, that Sextus IV., in a brief published Jan. 29, 1482,
+could not refrain from deploring the wellknown truth, in lamentations
+which were re-echoed from all parts of Christendom. The formula of the
+sentence of torture began thus, _Christo nomine invocato_; and it was
+therein expressed, that the torture should endure as long as it pleased
+the inquisitors; and a protest was added, that, if during the torture
+the culprit should die, or be maimed, or if effusion of blood or
+mutilation of limb should ensue, the fault should be chargeable to the
+culprit, and not to the inquisitors. The culprit was bound by an oath of
+secresy, strengthened by fearful penalties, not to divulge any thing
+that he had seen, known, or heard, in the dismal precincts of that
+unholy tribunal--a secresy illegal and tyrannical, but which constituted
+the soul of that monstrous association, and by which its judges were
+sheltered against all responsibility.--_For. Rev._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+COLONIZATION.
+
+In the colonization of the West Indies, "when a city was to be founded,
+the first form prescribed was, with all solemnity, to erect a gallows,
+as the first thing needful; and in laying out the ground, a site was
+marked for the prison as well as for the church."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"An attempt to handle the English law of evidence, in its former state,"
+says the _Edinburgh Review_, "was like taking up a hedgehog--all
+points!"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Man is not quite so manageable in the hands of science as boiling water
+or a fixed star.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PICTURE OF CONSTANTINOPLE.
+
+_(From the French of Lebrun.)_
+
+Queen of the Morn! Sultana of the East!
+City of wonders, on whose sparkling breast,
+Fair, slight, and tall, a thousand palaces
+Fling their gay shadows over golden seas!
+Where towers and domes bestud the gorgeous land,
+And countless masts, a mimic forest stand;
+Where cypress shades the minaret's snowy hue,
+And gleams of gold dissolve in skies of blue,
+Daughter of Eastern art, the most divine--
+Lovely, yet faithless bride of Constantine--
+Fair Istamboul, whose tranquil mirror flings
+Back with delight thy thousand colourings,
+And who no equal in the world dost know,
+Save thy own image pictured thus below!
+
+Dazzled, amazed, our eyes half-blinded, fail,
+While sweeps the phantasm past our gliding sail--
+Like as in festive scene, some sudden light
+Rises in clouds of stars upon the night.
+Struck by a splendour never seen before,
+Drunk with the perfumes wafted from the shore,
+Approaching near these peopled groves, we deem
+That from enchantment rose the gorgeous dream,
+Day without voice, and motion without sound,
+Silently beautiful! The haunted ground
+Is paved with roofs beyond the bounds of sight,
+Countless, and coloured, wrapped in golden light.
+'Mid groves of cypress, measureless and vast,
+In thousand forms of circles--crescents--cast,
+Gold glitters, spangling all the wide extent,
+And flashes back to heaven the rays it sent.
+Gardens and domes, bazaars begem the woods;
+Seraglios, harems--peopled solitudes,
+Where the veil'd idol kneels; and vistas, through
+Barr'd lattices, that give the enamoured view,
+Flowers, orange-trees, and waters sparkling near,
+And black and lovely eyes,--Alas, that Fear,
+At those heaven-gates, dark sentinel should stand,
+To scare even Fancy from her promised land!
+
+_Foreign Quar. Rev._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE SKETCH BOOK.
+
+THE MYSTERIOUS TAILOR.
+
+_A Romance of High Holborn._
+
+_(Concluded from page 46.)_
+
+
+On recovering from my stupor, I found myself with a physician and two
+apothecaries beside me, in bed at the George Inn, Ramsgate. I had been,
+it seems, for two whole days delirious, during which pregnant interval I
+had lived over again all the horrors of the preceding hours. The wind
+sang in my ears, the phantom forms of the unburied flitted pale and
+ghastly before my eyes. I fancied that I was still on the sea; that the
+massive copper-coloured clouds which hovered scarcely a yard overhead,
+were suddenly transformed into uncouth shapes, who glared at me from
+between saffron chinks, made by the scudding wrack; that the waters
+teemed with life, cold, slimy, preternatural things of life; that their
+eyes after assuming a variety of awful expressions, settled down into
+that dull frozen character, and their voices into that low, sepulchral,
+indefinable tone, which marked the Mysterious Tailor. This wretch was
+the Abaddon of my dreamy Pandaemonium. He was ever before me; he lent an
+added splendour to the day, and deepened the midnight gloom. On the
+heights of Bologne I saw him; far away over the foaming waters he
+floated still and lifeless beside me, his eye never once off my face,
+his voice never silent in my ear.
+
+My tale would scarcely have an end, were I to repeat but the one half of
+what during two brief days (two centuries in suffering) I experienced
+from this derangement of the nervous system. My readers may fancy that I
+have exaggerated my state of mind: far from it, I have purposely
+softened down the more distressing particulars, apprehensive, if not of
+being discredited, at least of incurring ridicule. Towards the close of
+the third day my fever began to abate, I became more sobered in my turn
+of thought, could contrive to answer questions, and listen with
+tolerable composure to my landlord's details of my miraculous
+preservation. The storm was slowly rolling off my mind, but the swell
+was still left behind it. The fourth day found me so far recovered, that
+I was enabled to quit my chamber, sit beside an open window, and derive
+amusement from the uncouth appearance of a Dutch crew, whose brig was
+lying at anchor in the harbour. From this time forward, every hour
+brought fresh accession to my strength, until at the expiration of the
+tenth day--so sudden is recovery in cases of violent fever when once the
+crisis is passed--I was sufficiently restored to take my place by a
+night-coach for London. The first few stages I endured tolerably well,
+notwithstanding that I had somewhat rashly ventured upon an outside
+place; but as midnight drew on, the wind became so piercingly keen,
+accompanied every now and then by a squally shower of sleet, that I was
+glad to bargain for an inside berth. By good luck, there was just room
+enough left for one, which I instantly appropriated, in spite of sundry
+hints _hemmed_ forth by a crusty old gentleman, that the coach was full
+already. I took my place in the coach, to the dissatisfaction of those
+already seated there. Not a word was spoken for miles: for the
+circumstance of its being dark increased the distrust of all, and, in
+the firm conviction that I was an adventurer, they had already, I make
+no doubt, buttoned up their pockets, and diligently adjusted their
+watch-chains. In a short time, this reserve wore away. From this moment
+the conversation became general. Each individual had some invalid story
+to relate, and I too, so far forgot my usual taciturnity as to indulge
+my hearers with a detail of my late indisposition--of its origin in the
+Mysterious Tailor--of the wretch's inconceivable persecution--of the
+fiendish peculiarities of his appearance--of his astonishing ubiquity,
+and lastly, of my conviction that he was either more or less than man.
+Scarcely had the very uncourteous laughter that accompanied this
+narrative concluded, when a low, intermittent snore, proceeding from a
+person close at my elbow, challenged my most serious notice. The sound
+was peculiar--original--unearthly--and reminded me of the same music
+which had so harrowed my nerves at Bologne. Yet it could not surely be
+he--he, the very thoughts of whom now sent a thrill through every vein.
+Oh, no! it must be some one else--there were other harmonious
+sternutators beside him, he could not be the only nasal nightingale in
+the three kingdoms. While I thus argued the matter, silently, yet
+suspiciously, a wandering gleam of day, streaming in at the coach
+windows, faintly lit up a nose the penultimate peculiarities of which
+gave a very ominous turn to my reflections. In due time this light
+became more vivid; and beneath its encouraging influence, first, a pair
+of eyes--then two sallow, juiceless cheeks, then an upper lip, then a
+projecting chin; and lastly, the entire figure of the Mysterious Tailor
+himself, whose head, it seems, had hitherto been folded, bird-like, upon
+his breast, grew into atrocious distinctness, while from the depths of
+the creature's throat came forth the strangely-solemn whisper, "touching
+that little account." For this once, indignation got the better of
+affright. "Go where I will," I exclaimed, passionately interrupting him,
+"I find I cannot avoid you, you have a supernatural gift of
+omnipresence, but be you fiend or mortal I will now grapple with you;"
+and accordingly snatching at that obnoxious feature which, like the tail
+of the rattle-snake, had twice warned me of its master's fatal presence,
+I grasped it with such zealous good will, that had it been of mortal
+manufacture it must assuredly have come off in my hands. Aroused by the
+laughter of my fellow passengers, the coachman--who was just preparing
+to mount, after having changed horses at Dartford--abruptly opened the
+door, on which I as abruptly jumped out; and after paying my fare the
+whole way to town, and casting on the fiend a look of "inextinguishable
+hatred," made an instant retreat into the inn. About the middle of the
+next day I reached London, and without a moment's pause hurried to the
+lodgings of my beforementioned friend C----. Luckily he was at home, but
+started at the strange forlorn figure that presented itself. And well
+indeed he might. My eye-balls were glazed and bloody, my cheeks white as
+a shroud, my mouth a-jar, my lips blue and quivering. "For God's sake,
+C----," I began, vouchsafing no further explanation, "lend me--(I
+specified the sum)--or I am ruined; that infernal, inconceivable Tailor
+has--." C----smilingly interrupted me by an instant compliance with my
+demand; on which, without a moment's delay, I bounded off, breathless
+and semi-frantic, towards my arch fiend's Pandaemonium at High Holborn.
+I cannot--cannot say what I felt as I crossed over from Drury-lane
+towards his den, more particularly when, on entering, I beheld the demon
+himself behind his counter--calm, moveless, and sepulchral, as if
+nothing of moment had occurred; as if he were an every-day dun, or I an
+every-day debtor. The instant he espied me, a sardonic smile, together
+with that appalling dissyllable, "touching" (which I never to this day
+hear, see, or write without a shudder) escaped him; but before he could
+close his oration, I had approached, trembling with rage and reverence,
+towards him, and, thrusting forth the exact sum, was rushing from his
+presence, when he beckoned me back for a receipt. A receipt, and from
+him too! It was like taking a receipt for one's soul from Satan!!
+
+The reader will doubtless conclude that, now at least, having
+satisfactorily settled his demands, I had done with my Tormentor for
+ever. This inference is in part correct. I followed up my vocation with
+an energy strangely contrasted with my recent indifference, was early
+and late in the schools, and for three months pursued this course with
+such ardour, that my adventures with the Mysterious Tailor, though not
+forgotten, were yet gradually losing their once powerful hold on my
+imagination. This was precisely the state of my feelings, when early one
+autumnal morning, just seven months from the date of my last visit to
+High Holborn, I chanced to be turning down Saint Giles's Church, on my
+way to--Hospital. I had nothing to render me more than usually pensive;
+no new vexations, no sudden pecuniary embarrassment; yet it so happened,
+that on this particular morning I felt a weight at my heart, and a cloud
+on my brain, for which I could in no way account. As I passed along
+Broad Street, I made one or two bold attempts to rally. I stared
+inquisitively at the different passers by, endeavouring, by a snatch at
+the expression of their faces, to speculate on the turn of their minds,
+and the nature of their occupations; I then began to whistle and hum
+some lively air, at the same time twirling my glove with affected
+unconcern; but nothing would do; every exertion I made to appear
+cheerful, not only found no answering sympathy from within, but even
+exaggerated by constrast my despondency. In this condition I reached
+Saint Giles's Church. A crowd was assembled at the gate opposite its
+entrance, and presently the long surly toll of the death-bell--that
+solemn and oracular memento--announced that a funeral was on the eve of
+taking place. The funeral halted at the entrance gate, where the coffin
+was taken from the hearse, and and thence borne into the chancel. This
+ceremony concluded, the procession again set forth towards the home
+appointed for the departed in a remote quarter of the church-yard. And
+now the interest began in reality to deepen. As the necessary
+preparations were making for lowering the coffin into earth, the
+mourners--even those who had hitherto looked unmoved--pressed gradually
+nearer, and with a momentary show of interest, to the grave. Such is the
+ennobling character of death.
+
+The preparations were by this time concluded, and nothing now remained
+but the last summons of the sexton. At this juncture, while the coffin
+was being lowered into its resting place, my eyes, accidentally, it may
+be said, but in reality by some fatal instinct, fell full upon the lid,
+on which I instantly recognised a name, long and fearfully known to
+me--the name of the Mysterious Tailor of High Holborn. Oh, how many
+thrilling recollections did this one name recal? The rencontre in the
+streets of London--the scene at the masquerade--the meeting at
+Bologne--the storm--the shipwreck--the sinking vessel--the appearance at
+that moment of _the man_ himself--the subsequent visions of mingled
+fever and insanity: all, all now swept across my mind, as for the last
+time I gazed on the remains of him who was powerless henceforth for
+ever. In a few minutes one little span of earth would keep down that
+strange form which seemed once endowed with ubiquity. That wild
+unearthly voice was mute; that wandering glance was fixed; a seal was
+set upon those lips which eternity itself could not remove. Yes, my
+Tormentor--my mysterious--omnipresent Tormentor was indeed gone; and in
+that one word, how much of vengeance was forgotten! I was roused from
+this reverie by the hollow sound of the clay as it fell dull and heavy
+on the coffin-lid. The poor sleeper beneath could not hear it, it is
+true; his slumber, henceforth, was sound; the full tide of human
+population pressing fast beside the spot where he lay buried, should
+never wake him more: no human sorrow should rack his breast, no dream
+disturb his repose; yet cold, changed, and senseless as he was, the
+first sound of the falling clods jarred strange and harsh upon my ear,
+as if it must perforce awake him. In this feverish state of mind I
+quitted the church-yard, and, on my road home, passed by the shop where
+I had first met with the deceased. It was altered--strangely altered--to
+my mind, revoltingly so. Its quaint antique character, its dingy
+spectral look were gone, and there was even a studied air of
+cheerfulness about it, as if the present proprietor were anxious to
+obliterate every association, however slight, that might possibly remind
+him of the past. The former owner had but just passed out, his ashes
+were scarcely cold, and already his name was on the wane. Yet this is
+human nature. So trifling, in fact, is the gap caused by our absence in
+society, that there needs no patriotic Curtius to leap into it; it
+closes without a miracle the instant it is made, and none but a
+disinterested Undertaker knows or cares for whom tolls our passing bell.
+
+_Monthly Magazine._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SPIRIT OF THE
+
++PUBLIC JOURNALS.+
+
+
+THE TOUR OF DULNESS.
+
+From her throne of clouds, as Dulness look'd
+  On her foggy and favour'd nation,
+She sleepily nodded her poppy-crown'd head,
+And gently waved her sceptre of lead,
+  In token of approbation.
+
+For the north-west wind brought clouds and gloom,
+  Blue devils on earth, and mists in the air;
+Of parliamentary prose some died,
+Some perpetrated suicide,
+  And her empire flourish'd there.
+
+The Goddess look'd with a gracious eye
+  On her ministers great and small;
+But most she regarded with tenderness
+Her darling shrine, the Minerva Press,
+  In the street of Leadenhall.
+
+This was her sacred haunt, and here
+  Her name was most adored,
+Her chosen here officiated.
+And hence her oracles emanated,
+  And breathed the Goddess in every word.
+
+She pass'd from the east to the west, and paused
+  In New Burlington-street awhile,
+To inspire a few puffs for Colburn and Co.
+And indite some dozen novels or so
+  In the fashionable style.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Then turning her own Magazine to inspect,
+  She was rather at fault, as of late
+The colour and series both were new;
+But the Goddess, with discernment true,
+  Detected it by the weight.
+
+She cross'd the Channel next, and peep'd
+  At Dublin; but the zeal
+Of the liberty boys soon put her to flight.
+And she dropp'd her mantle in her fright,
+  Which fell on Orator Shiel.
+
+Thence sped she to the Land of Cakes,
+  The land she loves and its possessors;
+She loves its Craniologists,
+Political Economists,
+  And all Scotch _mists_ and Scotch Professors.
+
+And chiefly she on McCulloch smiled,
+As a mother smiles on her darling child,
+  Or a lady on her lover;
+Then, bethinking her of Parliament,
+She hasten'd South, but ere she went,
+She promised if nothing occurr'd to prevent,
+  To return when the Session was over.
+
+_Blackwood's Magazine._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CANNIBALISM.
+
+In great cities, cannibalism takes an infinite variety of shapes. In the
+neighbourhood of St. James's-street there are numerous slaughter-houses,
+where men are daily consumed by the operation of cards and dice; and
+where they are caught by the same bait, at which Quin said he should
+have infallibly bitten. A similar process is likewise carried on in
+'Change Alley, on a great scale; not to speak of that snare especially
+set for widows and children, called a "joint stock speculation." But
+your cannibal of cannibals is a parliament patron. Here, a great borough
+proprietor swallows a regiment at a single gulp; and there, the younger
+son of a lord ruminates over a colony till the very crows cannot find a
+dinner in it; and there again, a duke or a minister, himself and his
+family, having first "supped full of horrors," casts a diocese to the
+side-table, to be mumbled at leisure by his son's tutor. The town is
+occasionally very indignant and very noisy against the gouls of
+Surgeons' Hall, because they live upon the dead carcasses of their
+fellow-creatures; while, strange to say, it takes but little account of
+the hordes of wretches who openly, and in the face of day, hunt down
+living men in their nefarious dealings as porter brewers, quack doctors,
+informers, attorneys, manufacturers of bean flour, alum, and Portland
+stone; and torture their subjects like so many barbacued pigs, in the
+complicated processes of their cookery.--_New Month. Mag._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIGNS OF THE TIMES.
+
+"They say this town is full of cozenage,
+As nimble jugglers that deceive the eye,
+Disguised cheaters, prating mountebanks,
+And many such like libertines of sin."
+SHAKSPEARE.
+
++Caveat emptor+! This is the age of fraud, imposture, substitution,
+transmutation, adulteration, abomination, contamination, and many others
+of the same sinister ending, always excepting purification. Every thing
+is debased and sophisticated, and "nothing is but what is not." All
+things are mixed, lowered, debased, deteriorated, by our cozening
+dealers and shopkeepers; and, bad as they are, there is every reason to
+fear that they are "mox daturos progeniem vitiosiorem." We wonder at the
+increase of bilious and dyspeptic patients, at the number of new books
+upon stomach complaints, at the rapid fortunes made by practitioners who
+undertake (the very word is ominous) to cure indigestion; but how can it
+be otherwise, when Accum, before he took to quoting with his scissors,
+assured us there was "poison in the pot;" when a recent writer has
+shown that there are still more deleterious ingredients in the
+wine-bottle; and when we ourselves have all had dismal intestine
+evidence that our bread is partly made of ground bones, alum, plaster of
+Paris; our tea, of aloe-leaves; our beer, of injurious drugs; our milk,
+of snails and chalk; and that even the water supplied to us by our
+companies is any thing rather than the real Simon Pure it professes to
+be. Not less earnestly than benevolently do our quack doctors implore us
+to beware of spurious articles; Day and Martin exhort us not to take our
+polish from counterfeit blacking: every advertiser beseeches the
+"pensive public" to be upon its guard against supposititious
+articles--all, in short, is knavery, juggling, cheating, and
+deception.--_Ibid._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Retrospective Gleanings
+
+SONNET
+
+BY HENRY TEONOE, A SEA CHAPLAIN IN THE REIGN OF CHARLES II.
+
+_Composed October the First, over against the East part of Candia._
+
+O! Ginnee was a bony lasse,
+  Which maks the world to woonder
+How ever it should com to passe
+  That wee did part a sunder.
+
+The driven snow, the rose so rare,
+  The glorious sunne above thee,
+Can not with my Ginnee compare,
+  She was so wonderous lovely.
+
+Her merry lookes, her forhead high,
+  Her hayre like golden-wyer,
+Her hand and foote, her lipe or eye,
+  Would set a saint on fyre.
+
+And for to give Giunee her due,
+  Thers no ill part about her;
+The turtle-dove's not half so true;
+  Then whoe can live without her?
+
+King Solomon, where ere he lay,
+  Did nere unbrace a kinder;
+O! why should Ginnee gang away,
+  And I be left behind her?
+
+Then will I search each place and roome
+  From London to Virginny,
+From Dover-peere to Scanderoone,
+  But I will finde my Ginny.
+
+But Ginny's turned back I feare,
+  When that I did not mind her;
+Then back to England will I steare,
+  To see where I can find her.
+
+And haveing Ginnee once againe,
+  If sheed doe her indeavour,
+The world shall never make us twaine--
+  Weel live and dye together.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SONG BY KING CHARLES II.
+
+_On the Duchess of Portsmouth leaving England._
+
+_(For the Mirror.)_
+
+Bright was the morning, cool the air,
+Serene was all the skies;
+When on the waves I left my dear,
+The center of my joys;
+Heav'n and nature smiling were.
+And nothing sad but I.
+
+Each rosy field their odours spread,
+All fragrant was the shore;
+Each river God rose from his bed,
+And sighing own'd her pow'r;
+Curling the waves they deck'd their heads,
+As proud of what they bore.
+
+Glide on ye waves, bear these lines,
+And tell her my distress;
+Bear all these sighs, ye gentle winds,
+And waft them to her breast;
+Tell her if e'er she prove unkind,
+I never shall have rest.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Anecdote Gallery
+
+VOLTAIRE.
+
+_(From various Authorities.)_
+
+The Chateau of Ferney, the celebrated residence of Voltaire, six miles
+from Geneva, is a place of very little picturesque beauty: its broad
+front is turned to the high road, without any regard to the prospect,
+and the garden is adorned with cut trees, parapet walls with
+flower-pots, jets d'eaux, &c. Voltaire's bed-room is shown in its
+pristine state, just as he left it in 1777, when, after a residence of
+twenty years, he went to Paris to enjoy a short triumph and die. Time
+and travellers have much impaired the furniture of light-blue silk, and
+the Austrians, quartered in the house during the late war, have not
+improved it; the bed-curtains especially, which for the last forty years
+have supplied each traveller with a precious little bit, hastily torn
+off, are of course in tatters. The bedstead is of common deal, coarsely
+put together; a miserable portrait of Le Kain, in crayons, hangs inside
+of the bed, and two others, equally bad, on each side, Frederic and
+Voltaire himself. Round the room are bad prints of Washington, Franklin,
+Sir Isaac Newton, and several other celebrated personages; the
+ante-chamber is decorated with naked figures, in bad taste; each of
+these rooms may be 12 feet by 15.
+
+Such is the narrative of an intelligent traveller, who recently visited
+Ferney. "Very few," says he, "remain alive, of those who saw the poet: a
+gardener who conducted us about the grounds had that advantage; he
+showed us the place where the theatre stood, filling the space on the
+left-hand side in entering, between the chateau and the chapel, but the
+inscription on the last, _Voltaire à Dieu_, was removed during the reign
+of terror. The _old_ gardener spoke favourably of his _old_ master, who
+was, he said, _bon homme tout-a-fait, bien charitable,_ and took an
+airing every morning in his coach and four."
+
+In the sitting-room, adjoining the bedroom, which he was accustomed to
+occupy, besides some good ancient paintings, is a very singular picture,
+which was painted according to Voltaire's direction. The principal
+personages are Voltaire, holding in his hand a roll of paper inscribed
+La Henriade; next him is a female personification of this favourite
+poem, whom he is presenting to Apollo crowned with rays of glory; Louis
+XIV. with his queen and court, are observing these chief figures. In
+another part, the Muses are crowning the burst of Voltaire with wreaths
+of flowers, and proposing to place it with those of other immortal
+authors in the Temple of Fame. The bottom of the picture is occupied by
+his enemies, who are being torn to pieces by wild beasts, or burning in
+flames of fire.
+
+In the bed-room is a marble cenotaph, on which is an urn that formerly
+contained the heart of Voltaire, which was removed several years ago,
+and placed in the church of Les Invalides at Paris. In this room also is
+an engraving of Voltaire's monument in the church-yard of Ferney. In
+this, four figures, representing the four quarters of the world, are
+preparing to honour his bust with wreaths of laurel and palms.
+Ignorance, meanwhile, with the wings of a fiend, armed with rods, is
+driving them away in the midst of their pacific employment, and
+extinguishing a lamp which burns above the tomb. It is a singular
+circumstance that Voltaire caused the church of Ferney to be built, as
+well as several houses in the village, and on an iron vane on the top of
+the former is inscribed, "_Deo erexit Voltaire_."
+
+After his escape from the court of Frederic, Voltaire went first to
+Lausanne, were he resided some years, and where he fitted up a private
+theatre; his acquaintances there supplied him with performers, of whom
+it seems he was proud, and who acted for him Zaire, Alzira, and several
+other plays. Some spirited drawings of Huber represent him behind the
+scene teaching, scolding, encouraging the actors; you might have thought
+you heard his loud _bravo_! The part of Lusignan was frequently filled
+by the poet himself, who was so much taken with it as to be seen in the
+morning at the door of his house already dressed for the stage. Voltaire
+had a hollow wooden voice, and his declamation had more pomp in it than
+nature; yet in the part of Trissotin, in the Femmes Savantes, he
+performed very well.
+
+From Lausanne, where he quarrelled with several persons, he went, in
+1755, to St. Jean, close to Geneva, and gave to the house he occupied
+the name of _Les Dèlices_, which it retains to this day. Ferney, which
+he bought soon after, became his permanent residence for twenty years.
+
+Strangers of distinction made a point of calling on the philosopher of
+Ferney, who for some years received their visits very willingly, giving
+them _fêtes_ and plays; but he became tired of this, and at last would
+only see those who could amuse him while he amused them. A quaker from
+Philadelphia, called Claude Gay, travelling in Europe, stayed some time
+at Geneva; he was known as the author of some Theological works, and
+liked for his good sense, moderation, and simplicity. Voltaire heard of
+him, his curiosity was excited, and he desired to see him. The quaker
+felt great reluctance, but suffered himself at last to be carried to
+Ferney, Voltaire having promised before hand to his friends that he
+would say nothing that could give him offence. At first he was delighted
+with the tall, straight, handsome quaker, his broad-brimmed hat, and
+plain drab suit of clothes; the mild and serene expression of his
+countenance; and the dinner promised to go off very well; yet he soon
+took notice of the great sobriety of his guest, and made jokes, to which
+he received grave and modest answers. The patriarchs, and the first
+inhabitants of the earth were next alluded to; by and by he began to
+sneer at the historical proofs of Revelation; but Claude was not to be
+driven away from his ground, and while examining these proofs, and
+arguing upon them rationally, he overlooked the light attacks of his
+adversary, when not to the point, appeared insensible to his sarcasms
+and wit, and remained always cool and serious. Voltaire's vivacity at
+last turned to downright anger; his eyes flashed fire whenever they met
+the benign and placid countenance of the quaker, and the dispute went so
+far at last, that the latter, getting up, said, "Friend Voltaire!
+perhaps thou mayst come to understand these matters rightly; in the
+meantime, finding I can do thee no good, I leave thee, and so fare thee
+well!" So saying he went away on foot, notwithstanding all entreaties,
+back again to Geneva, leaving the whole company in consternation.
+Voltaire immediately retired to his own room. M. Huber,[8] who was
+present at this scene, made a drawing of the two actors.
+
+PHILO.
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
++THE GATHERER.+
+
+A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+SHAKSPEARE.
+
+
+SIR W. JONES AND MR. DAY.
+
+One day, upon removing some books at the chambers of Sir William Jones,
+a large spider dropped upon the floor, upon which Sir William, with some
+warmth, said, "Kill that spider, Day, kill that spider!" "No," said Mr.
+Day, with that coolness for which he was so conspicuous, "I will not
+kill that spider, Jones; I do not know that I have a right to kill that
+spider! Suppose when you are going in your coach to Westminster Hall, a
+superior being, who, perhaps may have as much power over you as you have
+over this insect, should say to his companion, 'Kill that lawyer! kill
+that lawyer!' how should you like that, Jones? and I am sure, to most
+people, a lawyer is a more noxious animal than a spider."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BISHOP
+
+In Cambridge, this title is not confined to the dignitaries of the
+church; but _port_ wine, made _copiously potable_ by being mulled and
+burnt, with the _addenda_ of roasted lemons all bristling like angry
+hedge-hogs (studded with cloves,) is dignified with the appellation of
+_Bishop_:
+
+Beneath some old oak, come and rest thee, my hearty;
+  Our foreheads with roses, oh! let us entwine!
+And, inviting young Bacchus to be of the party,
+  We'll drown all our troubles in oceans of wine!
+
+And perfumed with _Macassar_ or _Otto_ of roses,
+  We'll pass round the BISHOP, the spice-breathing cup,
+And take of that medicine such wit-breeding doses,
+  We'll knock _down_ the god, or he shall knock us _up_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GAZETTED AND IN THE GAZETTE.
+
+These terms imply very different things. The son of a nobleman is
+_gazetted_, as a cornet in a regiment, and all his friends rejoice. John
+Thomson is _in the Gazette_, and all his friends lament.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+UNFORTUNATE CASE.
+
+A zealous priest in the north of Ireland missed a constant auditor from
+his congregation, in which schism had already made depredations. "What
+keeps our friend Farmer B----away from us?" was the anxious question
+proposed by the vigilant minister to his assistant, "I have not seen him
+among us," continued he, "these three weeks; I hope it is not
+Protestantism that keeps him away," "No," was the reply, "it is worse
+than that." "Worse than Protestantism? God forbid it should,--Deism?"
+"No, worse than that." "Worse than Deism! good heavens, I trust it is
+not Atheism." "No, worse than Atheism!" "Impossible, nothing can be
+worse than Atheism!" "Yes, it is, your honour--_it is Rheumatism_!"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LIQUIDATING CLAIMS.
+
+During a remarkable wet summer, Joe Vernon, whose vocal taste and humour
+contributed for many years to the entertainment of the frequenters of
+Vauxhall Gardens, but who was not quite so good a _timist_ in money
+matters as in music, meeting an acquaintance who had the misfortune to
+hold some of his unhonoured paper, was asked by him, not uninterestedly,
+how the gardens were going on? "Oh, _swimmingly_!" answered the jocose
+Joe. "Glad to hear it," retorted the creditor, "their _swimming_ state,
+I hope, will cause the singers to _liquidate their notes_."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Mr. Samuel Deacon, a most respectable Baptist minister, who resided at
+Barton in Leicestershire, was not peculiarly happy in his cast of
+countenance or general appearance; conscious of the silly ridicule his
+unprepossessing _tout ensemble_ occasionally excited, he made the
+following good-humoured, quaint remark:--
+
+"The carcass that you look at so,
+Is not Sam Deacon, you must know,
+But 'tis the carriage--the machine,
+Which Samuel Deacon rideth in."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ADVANTAGES OF LOQUACITY
+
+A very pretty woman, who was tediously loquacious, complained one day to
+Madame de Sevigné, that she was sadly tormented by her lovers. "Oh,
+Madame," said Madame de Sevigné to her, with a smile, "it is very easy
+to get rid of them: you have only to speak."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD 143, Strand, (near Somerset House,)
+London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHEN, 626, New Market, Leipsic; and by all
+Newsman and Booksellers._
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[1] The old bridge was of wood, and 168 yards in length. It was the most
+ancient on the River Thames, except that of London, and is mentioned in
+a record of the 8th year of Henry III.
+
+[2] At the time the chapel fell, the sexton, while digging a grave was
+buried under the ruins, with another person, and his daughter. The
+latter, notwithstanding she lay covered seven hours, survived this
+misfortune seventeen years, and was her father's successor. The memory
+of this event is preserved by a print of this singular woman, engraved
+by M'Ardell.
+
+[3] The work is dedicated to Dr. Babington, "in remembrance of some
+delightful days passed in his society, and in gratitude for an
+uninterrupted friendship of a quarter of a century;" and in the preface
+the author, after saying that the characters are imaginary, intimates
+that "in the portrait of HALIEUS, given in the last dialogue, a
+likeness, he thinks, will not fail to be recognised to that of a most
+estimable physician, ardently beloved by his friends, and esteemed and
+venerated by the public."
+
+[4] In our last volume, this was erroneously attributed to Swift.
+
+[5] See page 370, vol. xi. MIRROR.
+
+[6] As "kill him, crimp him," &c.
+
+[[7]] The late worthy and scientific Wm. Reynolds, of the Bank, near
+Ketley.
+
+[8] M. Huber was the father of the author of a work on the economy of
+bees, and the grandfather of the author of a work on the economy of
+ants. The first M. Huber had a very peculiar talent for drawing; with
+his scissors he could cut a piece of paper into a representation of
+anything, as accurately, and as fast, and with as much spirit, as he
+might have delineated with his pencil either figures or landscapes.
+Voltaire was his favourite subject; and he is known to have taught his
+dog to bite off a piece of crumb of bread, which he held in his hand, so
+as to give it as last the appearance of Voltaire.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE 324 ***
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+<title>The Mirror vol XII.</title>
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
+       Volume XII., No. 324, July 26, 1828
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: November 29, 2003 [EBook #10331]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE 324 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Sjaani and PG Distributed Proofreaders
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<table width="80%" border="0" align="center">
+  <tr>
+    <td>
+      <h1 align="center">The Mirror</h1>
+      <h3 align="center">OF</h3>
+      <h2 align="center">LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h2>
+      <h3 align="center">324.] SATURDAY, JULY 26, 1828. [Price 2<em>d</em>.</h3>
+      <h3 align="center">Vol. XII</h3>
+
+      <p><img src="imgone.jpg" alt="Kingston New Bridge" /></p>
+
+
+
+<br /><hr style="width: 35%;" /><br />
+<h2 align="center">KINGSTON NEW BRIDGE.</h2>
+
+<p>Through many a bridge the wealthy river roll'd.<br />
+SOUTHEY.</p>
+
+<p>The annexed picturesque engraving represents the new bridge<a name="ret1" id="ret1"></a>[1] from
+Kingston-upon-Thames to Hampton-Wick, in the royal manor of Hampton
+Court. It is built of Portland stone, and consists of five elliptical
+arches, the centre arch being 60 feet span by 19 in height, and the side
+arches 56 and 52 feet span respectively. The abutments are terminated by
+towers or bastions, and the whole is surmounted by a cornice and
+balustrade, with galleries projecting over the pier; which give a bold
+relief to the general elevation. The length of the bridge is 382 feet by
+27 feet in width. It is of chaste Grecian architecture, from the design
+of Mr. Lapidge, to whose courtesy we are indebted for the original of
+our engraving. The building contract was undertaken by Mr. Herbert for
+&pound;26,800. and the extra work has not exceeded &pound;100. a very rare, if not
+an unprecedented occurrence in either public or private undertakings of
+this description. The first stone was laid by the Earl of Liverpool,
+November 7, 1825, and the bridge was opened in due form by her royal
+highness the Duchess of Clarence, on July 17, 1828.</p>
+
+<p>Kingston is one of the most picturesque towns on the banks of the
+Thames; and its antiquarian attractions are of the highest order. It was
+occupied by the Romans, and in aftertimes it was either a royal
+residence or a royal demesne, so early as the union of the Saxon
+Heptarchy; for there is a record extant of a council held there in 838,
+at which Egbert, the first king of all England, and his son Athelwolf
+were present; and in this record it is styled <em>Kyningenstum famosa ilia
+locus</em>. Some of our Saxon kings were also crowned here; and adjoining
+the church is a large stone, on which, according to tradition, they were
+placed during the ceremony. Many interesting relics have from time to
+time been discovered in illustration of these historical facts, and till
+the year 1730, the figures of some of the above kings and that of king
+John (who chartered the town) were preserved in a chapel adjoining the
+above spot. In that year, however, the chapel fell, and with it were
+demolished the royal <em>effigies</em>.<a name="ret2" id="ret2"></a>[2] Mr. Lysons, with his usual accuracy,
+enumerates nine kings who were crowned here.
+
+Kingston formerly sent members to parliament, till, by petition, the
+inhabitants prayed to be relieved from the burden!</p>
+
+<p>At Hampton Wick, the village on the opposite bank, resided the witty but
+profligate Sir Richard Steele, in a house which he whimsically
+denominated &quot;the hovel;&quot; and &quot;from the Hovel at Hampton Wick, April 7,
+1711,&quot; he dedicated the fourth volume of the <em>Tatler</em> to Charles, Lord
+Halifax. This was probably about the time he became surveyor of the
+royal stables at Hampton Court, governor of the king's comedians, a
+justice of the peace for Middlesex, and a knight.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<br />
+
+<h2 align="center">ARCHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY.</h2>
+
+<p>The first Archbishop of Canterbury was Austin, appointed by King
+Ethelbert, on his conversion to Christianity, about the year 598. Before
+the coming of the Saxons into England, the Christian Britons had three
+Archbishops, viz. of London, York, and Caerleon, an ancient city of
+South Wales. The Britons being driven out of these parts, the
+Archbishoprick of London became extinct; and when Pope Gregory the Great
+had afterwards sent thither Augustine, and his fellow-labourer to preach
+the Gospel to the then heathen Saxons, the Archiepiscopal See was
+planted at Canterbury, as being the metropolis of the kingdom of Kent,
+where King Ethelbert had received the same St. Augustine, and with his
+kingdom was baptized, and embraced the doctrines of Christianity before
+the rest of the Heptarchy. The other Archbishoprick of Caerleon was
+translated to St. David's in Pembrokeshire, and afterwards wholly to the
+See of Canterbury; since which, all England and Wales reckon but two
+Archbishops, Canterbury and York. The following Archbishops have died at
+Lambeth Palace;&mdash;Wittlesey, in 1375; Kemp, 1453; Dean, 1504; all buried
+in Canterbury Cathedral: Cardinal Pole, 1558, after lying in state here
+40 days was buried at Canterbury; Parker, 1575, buried in Lambeth
+Chapel; Whitgift, 1604, buried at Croydon; Bancroft, 1610, buried at
+Lambeth; Juxon, 1663, buried in the chapel of St. John's College,
+Oxford; Sheldon, 1667, buried at Croydon; Tillotson, 1694, buried in the
+church of St. Laurence Jewry, London; Tennison, 1715; and Potter, 1747,
+both buried at Croydon; Seeker, 1768; Cornwallis, 1783, and Moore,
+1805, all buried at Lambeth. In 1381, the Archbishop, Simon of Sudbury,
+fell a victim to Wat Tyler and his crew, when they attacked Lambeth
+Palace.</p>
+
+<p>P. T. W.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<br />
+
+<h2 align="center">DAYS OF FLY FISHING.</h2>
+
+<p>That an ex-president (Sir Humphry Davy) of the Royal Society should
+write a book on field sports may at first sight appear rather
+<em>unphilosophical</em>; although it is not more fanciful than Bishop
+Berkeley's volume on tar water, Bishop Watson's improvement in the
+manufacture of gunpowder, Sir Walter Scott writing a sermon, or a Scotch
+minister inventing a safety gun, and, as we are told, <em>presenting</em> the
+same to the King in person. Be this as it may, since our first
+acquaintance with the &quot;prince of piscators,&quot; the patriarch of anglers,
+Isaak Walton, it has seldom been our lot to meet with so pleasant a
+volume as <em>Salmonia, or Days of Fly Fishing</em>, to whose contents we are
+about to introduce our readers.</p>
+
+<p>In our last number we gave a <em>flying</em> extract, entitled, &quot;Superstitions
+on the Weather,&quot; being a fair specimen of the very agreeable manner of
+the digressions in the above work, which is, perhaps, less practical
+than it might have been; but this defect is more than atoned for in the
+author's felicitous mode of intermingling with the main subject, some of
+the most curious facts and phenomena in natural history and philosophy
+so as to familiarize the angler with many causes and effects which
+altogether belong to a higher class of reading than that of mere
+amusement. All this, too, is done in a simple, graceful, and flowing
+style, always amusive, and sometimes humorously illustrative&mdash;advantages
+which our philosophical writers do not generally exhibit, but which are
+more or less evident in every page of Sir Humphry Davy's writings.</p>
+
+<p><em>Salmonia</em> consists of a series of conversations between four
+characters&mdash;Halieus,<a name="ret3" id="ret3"></a>[3] Poietes, Physicus, Ornither. In the &quot;First Day&quot;
+we have an ingenious vindication of fly fishing against the well-known
+satire of Johnson<a name="ret4" id="ret4"></a>[4] and Lord Byron, and the following:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><em>Halieus.</em>&mdash;A noble lady, long distinguished at court for pre-eminent
+beauty and grace, and whose mind possesses undying charms, has written
+some lines in my copy of Walton, which, if you will allow me, I will
+repeat to you:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>Albeit, gentle Angler, I<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Delight not in thy trade,</span><br />
+Yet in thy pages there doth lie<br />
+So much of quaint simplicity,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 1em;">So much of mind,</span><br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 1em;">Of such good kind.</span><br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">That none need be afraid,</span><br />
+Caught by thy cunning bait, this book,<br />
+To be ensnared on thy hook.</p>
+
+<p>Gladly from thee, I'm lur'd to bear<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">With things that seem'd most vile before,</span><br />
+For thou didst on poor subjects rear<br />
+Matter the wisest sage might hear.<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 1em;">And with a grace,</span><br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 1em;">That doth efface</span><br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">More laboured works, thy simple lore</span><br />
+Can teach us that thy skilful <em>lines</em>,<br />
+More than the scaly brood <em>confines</em>.</p>
+
+<p>Our hearts and senses too, we see,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Rise quickly at thy master hand,</span><br />
+And ready to be caught by thee<br />
+Are lured to virtue willingly.<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 1em;">Content and peace,</span><br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 1em;">With health and ease,</span><br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Walk by thy side. At thy command</span><br />
+We bid adieu to worldly care.<br />
+And joy in gifts that all may share.</p>
+
+<p>Gladly with thee, I pace along.<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">And of sweet fancies dream;</span><br />
+Waiting till some inspired song,<br />
+Within my memory cherished long,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 1em;">Comes fairer forth.</span><br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 1em;">With more of worth;</span><br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Because that time upon its stream</span><br />
+Feathers and chaff will bear away,<br />
+But give to gems a brighter ray.</p>
+
+<p>And though the charming and intellectual author of this poem is not an
+angler herself, yet I can quote the example of her lovely daughters to
+vindicate fly fishing from the charge of cruelty, and to prove that the
+most delicate and refined minds can take pleasure in this innocent
+amusement.</p>
+
+<p>Gay's passionate love for angling is well known; it was his principal
+occupation in the summer at Amesbury; and &quot;the late excellent John
+Tobin, author of the <em>Honey Moon</em>, was an ardent angler.&quot; Among heroes,
+Trajan was fond of angling. Nelson was a good fly-fisher, and continued
+the pursuit even with his left hand; and, says the author, &quot;I have known
+a person who fished with him at Merton, in the Wandle. Dr. Paley was so
+much attached to this amusement, that when the Bishop of Durham inquired
+of him when one of his most important works would be finished, he said,
+with great simplicity and good-humour, 'My lord, I shall work steadily
+at it when the fly-fishing season is over.'&quot;&mdash;Then we have a poetical
+description of river scenery, till two of the party arrive at the
+following conclusions:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>I have already admitted the danger of analyzing, too closely, the moral
+character of any of our field sports; yet I think it cannot be doubted
+that the nervous system of fish, and cold-blooded animals in general, is
+less sensitive than that of warm-blooded animals. The hook usually is
+fixed in the cartilaginous part of the mouth, where there are no nerves;
+and a proof that the sufferings of a hooked fish cannot be great is
+found in the circumstance, that though a trout has been hooked and
+played for some minutes, he will often, after his escape with the
+artificial fly in his mouth, take the natural fly, and feed as if
+nothing had happened; having apparently learnt only from the experiment,
+that the artificial fly is not proper for food. And I have caught pikes
+with four or five hooks in their mouths, and tackle which they had
+broken only a few minutes before; and the hooks seemed to have had no
+other effect than that of serving as a sort of <em>sauce piquante</em>, urging
+them to seize another morsel of the same kind.&mdash;The advocates for a
+favourite pursuit never want sophisms to defend it. I have even heard it
+asserted, that a hare enjoys being hunted. Yet I will allow that
+fly-fishing, after your vindication, appears amongst the least cruel of
+field sports.</p>
+
+<p>We must, however, confine ourselves to a few colloquial extracts from
+the <em>practical</em> portion of the volume; as</p>
+
+<p><em>Flies on the Wandle, &amp;c.</em></p>
+
+<p><em>Orn.</em>&mdash;Surely the May-fly season is not the only season for day-fishing
+in this river? [the Wandle.]&mdash;<em>Hal.</em> Certainly not. There are as many
+fish to be taken, perhaps, in the spring fishing; but in this deep river
+they are seldom in good season till the May-fly has been on, and a
+fortnight hence they will be still better than even now. In September
+there may be good fish taken here; but the autumnal flies are less
+plentiful in this river than the spring flies&mdash;<em>Phys</em>, Pray tell me what
+are the species of fly which take in these two seasons.&mdash;<em>Hal</em>. You know
+that trout spawn or deposit their ova, &amp;c. in the end of the autumn or
+beginning of winter, from the middle of November till the beginning of
+January, their maturity depending upon the temperature of the season,
+their quantity of food, &amp;c. They are at least six weeks or two months
+after they have spawned before they recover their flesh; and the time
+when these fish are at the worst, is likewise the worst time for
+fly-fishing, both on account of the cold weather, and because there are
+fewer flies on the water than at any other season. Even in December and
+January there are a few small gnats or water-flies on the water in the
+middle of the day, in bright days, or when there is sunshine. These are
+generally black, and they escape the influence of the frost by the
+effects of light on their black bodies, and probably by the extreme
+rapidity of the motions of their fluids, and generally of their organs.
+They are found only at the surface of the water, where the temperature
+must be above the freezing point. In February a few double-winged
+water-flies, which swim down the stream, are usually found in the middle
+of the day, such as the willow-fly; and the cow-dung-fly is sometimes
+carried on the water by winds. In March there are several flies found on
+most rivers. The grannam, or green-tail-fly, with a wing like a moth,
+comes on generally morning and evening, from five till eight o'clock,
+A.M. in mild weather, in the end of March and through April. Then there
+are the blue and the brown, both ephemerae, which come on, the first in
+dark days, the second in bright days; these flies, when well imitated,
+are very destructive to fish. The first is a small fly, with a palish
+yellow body, and slender, beautiful wings, which rest on the back as it
+floats down the water. The second, called the cob in Wales, is three or
+four times as large, and has brown wings, which likewise protrude from
+the back, and its wings are shaded like those of a partridge, brown and
+yellow brown. These three kinds of flies lay their eggs in the water,
+which produce larvae that remain in the state of worms, feeding and
+breathing in the water till they are prepared for their metamorphosis,
+and quit the bottoms of the rivers, and the mud and stones, for the
+surface, and light and air. The brown fly usually disappears before the
+end of April, likewise the grannam; but of the blue dun there is a
+succession of different tints, or species, or varieties, which appear in
+the middle of the day all the summer and autumn long. These are the
+principal flies on the Wandle&mdash;the best and clearest stream near London.
+In early spring these flies have dark olive bodies; in the end of April
+and the beginning of May they are found yellow; and in the summer they
+become cinnamon coloured; and again, as the winter approaches, gain a
+darker hue. I do not, however, mean to say that they are the same flies,
+but more probably successive generations of ephemerae of the same
+species. The excess of heat seems equally unfavourable, as the excess of
+cold, to the existence of the smaller species of water-insects, which,
+during the intensity of sunshine, seldom appear in summer, but rise
+morning and evening only. The blue dun has, in June and July, a yellow
+body; and there is a water-fly which, in the evening, is generally found
+before the moths appear, called the red spinner. Towards the end of
+August, the ephemerae appear again in the middle of the day&mdash;a very
+pale, small ephemera, which is of the same colour as that which is seen
+in some rivers in the beginning of July. In September and October this
+kind of fly is found with an olive body, and it becomes darker in
+October and paler in November. There are two other flies which appear in
+the end of September and continue during October, if the weather be
+mild; a large yellow fly, with a fleshy body, and wings like a moth; and
+a small fly with four wings, with a dark or claret coloured body, that
+when it falls on the water has its wings like the great yellow fly, flat
+on its back. This, or a claret bodied fly, very similar in character,
+may be likewise found in March or April, on some waters. In this river I
+have often caught many large trout in April and the beginning of May,
+with the blue dun, having the yellow body; and in the upper part of the
+stream below St. Albans, and between that and Watford, I have sometimes,
+even as early as April, caught fish in good condition; but the <em>true</em>
+season for the Colne is the season of the May-fly. The same may be said
+of most of the large English rivers containing large trouts, and
+abounding in May-fly&mdash;such as the Test and the Kennett, the one running
+by Stockbridge, the other by Hungerford. But in the Wandle, at
+Carshalton and Beddington, the May-fly is not found; and the little
+blues are the constant, and, when well imitated, killing flies on this
+water; to which may be joined a dark alder-fly, and a red evening fly.
+In the Avon, at Ringwood and Fordingbridge, the May-fly is likewise a
+killing fly; but as this is a grayling river, the other flies,
+particularly the grannam and blue and brown, are good in spring, and the
+alder-fly or pale blue later, and the blue dun in September and October,
+and even November. In the streams in the mountainous parts of Britain,
+the spring and autumnal flies are by far the most killing. The Usk was
+formerly a very productive trout-stream, and the fish being well fed by
+the worms washed down by the winter floods, were often in good season,
+cutting red, in March and the beginning of April: and at this season the
+blues and browns, particularly when the water was a little stained after
+a small flood, afforded the angler good sport. In Herefordshire and
+Derbyshire, where trout and grayling are often found together, the same
+periods are generally best for angling; but in the Dove, Lathkill, and
+Wye, with the natural May-fly many fish may be taken; and in old times,
+in peculiarly windy days, or high and troubled water, even the
+artificial May-fly, according to Cotton, was very killing.</p>
+
+<p>Here we must end, at least <em>for the present</em>; but there is so much
+anecdotical pleasantry in <em>Salmonia</em> that we might continue our extracts
+through many columns, and we are persuaded, to the gratification of the
+majority of our readers. Even when we announced the publication of this
+work a few weeks since, we were led to anticipate the delight it would
+afford many of our esteemed correspondents, especially our friend
+<em>W.H.H.</em>, who has &quot;caught about forty trout in two or three hours&quot; in
+the rocky basins of Pot-beck, &amp;c.<a name="ret5" id="ret5"></a>[5]
+
+Sir Humphry Davy mentions the Wandle in Surrey, as we have quoted; but
+he does not allude to the trout-fishing in the Mole, in the Vale of
+Leatherhead in the same county. There are in the course of the work a
+few expressions which make humanity shudder, and would drive a
+Pythagorean to madness,<a name="ret6" id="ret6"></a>[6] notwithstanding the ingenuity with which the
+author attempts to vindicate his favourite amusement.
+
+<br /></p><hr style="width: 35%;" /><br />
+<br />
+
+<h2 align="center">SHROPSHIRE AND WELSH GIRLS.</h2>
+
+<p>There are few Londoners who in their suburban strolls have failed to
+notice the scores of <em>female</em> fruit-carriers by whose toil the markets
+are supplied with some of their choicest delicacies. As an interesting
+illustration of the meritorious character of these handmaids to luxury,
+I send you the following extract from Sir Richard Phillips's <em>Walk from
+London to Kew</em>.</p>
+
+<p>PHILO.</p>
+
+<p>In the strawberry season, hundreds of women are employed to carry that
+delicate fruit to market on their heads; and their industry in
+performing this task is as wonderful, as their remuneration is unworthy
+of the opulent classes who derive enjoyment from their labour. They
+consist, for the most part, of Shropshire and Welsh girls, who walk to
+London at this season in droves, to perform this drudgery, just as the
+Irish peasantry come to assist in the hay and corn harvests. I learnt
+that these women carry upon their heads baskets of strawberries or
+raspberries, weighing from forty to fifty pounds, and make two turns in
+the day, from Isleworth to market, a distance of thirteen miles each
+way; three turns from Brentford, a distance of nine miles; and four
+turns from Hammersmith, a distance of six miles. For the most part, they
+find some conveyance back; but even then these industrious creatures
+carry loads from twenty-four to thirty miles a-day, besides walking back
+unladen some part of each turn! Their remuneration for this unparalleled
+slavery is from 8<em>s</em>. to 9<em>s</em>. per day; each turn from the distance of
+Isleworth being 4<em>s</em>. or 4<em>s</em>. 6<em>d</em>.; and from that of Hammersmith 2<em>s</em>.
+or 2<em>s</em>. 3<em>d</em>. Their diet is coarse and simple, their drink, tea and
+small-beer; costing not above 1<em>s</em>. or 1<em>s</em>. 6<em>d</em>. and their back
+conveyance about 2<em>s</em>. or 2<em>s</em>. 6<em>d</em>.; so that their net gains are about
+5<em>s</em>. per day, which, in the strawberry season, of forty days, amounts
+to 10<em>l</em>. After this period the same women find employment in gathering
+and marketing vegetables, at lower wages, for other sixty days, netting
+about 5<em>l</em>. more. With this poor pittance they return to their native
+county, and it adds either to their humble comforts, or creates a small
+dowry towards a rustic establishment for life. Can a more interesting
+picture be drawn of virtuous exertion? Why have our poets failed to
+colour and finish it? More virtue never existed in their favourite
+shepherdesses than in these Welsh and Shropshire girls! For beauty,
+symmetry, and complexion, they are not inferior to the nymphs of
+Arcadia, and they far outvie the pallid specimens of Circassia! Their
+morals too are exemplary; and they often perform this labour to support
+aged parents, or to keep their own children from the workhouse! In keen
+suffering, they endure all that the imagination of a poet could desire;
+they live hard, they sleep on straw in hovels and barns, and they often
+burst an artery, or drop down dead from the effect of heat and
+over-exertion! Yet, such is the state of one portion of our female
+population, at a time when we are calling ourselves the most polished
+nation on earth.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<br />
+
+<h2 align="center">COLEBROOK-DALE IRON-WORKS&mdash;THE REYNOLDS'.</h2>
+
+<p>(<em>To the Editor of the Mirror</em>.)</p>
+
+<p>In the interesting extract you have given in your excellent Miscellany
+(No. 321) from Bakewell's Introduction to Geology, when speaking of the
+exhausted or impoverished state of the iron-ore and coals in Shropshire,
+&amp;c., an allusion is made in a note to that truly excellent man, the late
+Mr. Richard Reynolds, and to the final extinction of the furnaces at
+Colebrook-Dale, which is not altogether correct.</p>
+
+<p>I beg leave, therefore, to point out the errors to you, and to add a
+fact or two more relating to that distinguished philanthropist and his
+family, which, perhaps, will not be unacceptable to many of your
+readers.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Reynolds was by no means the <em>original</em>, nor, I believe, ever the
+<em>sole</em> proprietor, of the iron-works in Colebrook-Dale, as stated by Mr.
+Bakewell; he derived his right in them from his wife's family the
+Darbies; and the firm of &quot;Darby and Company&quot; was the well known mark on
+the iron from these works for a very long period; more recently, that of
+&quot;Colebrook-Dale Company&quot; was adopted.</p>
+
+<p>The Darbies were an old and respectable family of the Society of
+Friends, and a pair of the elder branches of it were the original &quot;Darby
+and Joan,&quot; whose names are so well known throughout the whole kingdom. I
+had this anecdote from one of the sons of Mr. Reynolds,<a name="ret7" id="ret7"></a>[7] and have no
+doubt of its authenticity.</p>
+
+<p>It may not be generally known to your readers, perhaps, that the first
+iron bridge in England was projected at, and cast from, the furnaces of
+Colebrook-Dale, and erected over the Severn, near that place, about the
+year 1779; and, considering it to be the <em>first</em> bridge of the kind, I
+feel little hesitation in stating it to be, even now, the most beautiful
+one. This structure, at that time thought to be a wonderful attempt, was
+the entire offspring of Mr. Reynolds' genius; it was planned, cast, and
+erected, under his immediate care and superintendance.</p>
+
+<p>I cannot suppose the reason given by your author for the discontinuance
+of the works at Colebrook-Dale to be correct, as there is another large
+furnace in the immediate neighbourhood, called &quot;Madeley Wood Furnace&quot;
+(also belonging to Mr. Reynolds's family), which was allowed to make,
+and, I believe, still makes, the best iron and steel in the United
+Kingdom. Mr. Reynolds had also other great iron-works at Ketley, since
+carried on by his two sons, William and Joseph, and still in high
+reputation, as to the quality of the iron made there; these are not more
+distant from Colebrook-Dale than six or seven miles, and between the two
+there are the extensive and highly valuable works of &quot;Old Park,&quot; &amp;c.,
+belonging to Mr. Botfield (so that the whole district abounds in the
+materials), which not having the advantage of the immediate vicinity of
+the Severn for conveyance, would have been more likely to have stopped
+from the circumstances stated in your extract; <em>viz.</em> the failure in
+quality or quantity of iron-stone, coals, or other necessary matter. The
+Colebrook-Dale fires must, therefore, I conceive, have ceased to blaze,
+and the blast of her furnaces to roar, from some other cause, and from
+some private reason of her late proprietors.</p>
+
+<p>Your constant reader,</p>
+
+<p><em>Shrewsbury.</em> SALOPIENSIS.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<br />
+
+<h2 align="center">NOTES OF A READER.</h2>
+
+<p><strong>TRAGEDY</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>We do not see any necessary and natural connexion between death and the
+end of the third volume of a novel, or the conclusion of the fifth act
+of a play,&mdash;though that connexion in some modern novels, and in most
+English tragedies, seems to be assumed. Nor does it seem to follow,
+that, because death is the object of universal dread and aversion, and
+because terror is one of the objects of tragedy, death must, therefore,
+necessarily be represented; and not only so, but the more deaths the
+better. If it be true that familiarity has a tendency to create
+indifference, if not contempt, it must be considered prudent to have
+recourse to this strong exhibition as to drastic remedies in medicine,
+with caution and discrimination, and with a view to the continuance of
+its effect. We cannot help wishing that our own Shakspeare, who lays
+down such excellent rules for the guidance of actors, and cautions them
+so earnestly against &quot;overstepping the modesty of nature,&quot; and the
+danger of &quot;tearing passion to rags,&quot; had remembered, that the poet
+himself has certain limits imposed upon him, which he cannot transgress
+with impunity. We should not then have observed, in the perusal of some
+of his plays, the marginal notice of [&quot;<em>dies</em>&quot;] with about as much
+emotion as a note of exclamation; nor, when at the actual
+representation, we behold the few remaining persons of the drama
+scarcely able to cross the stage without stumbling over the bodies of
+their fallen companions, should we have felt our thoughts unavoidably
+wandering from the higher business and moral effect of the scene, to the
+mere physical and repelling images of fleshly mortality.&mdash;<em>Edinburgh
+Rev.</em></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p>The inquiries of the committee appointed to devise means for the
+suppression of mendicity, leave us no reason to doubt that in an average
+of cases a London beggar made by &quot;his trade&quot; eighteen-pence per day, or
+twenty-seven pounds per annum!</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><em>One-ninth</em> of the whole population of Paris are wholly maintained by
+funds which the different bureaux of charity distribute for their
+relief; and still a countless horde of mendicants infest her streets,
+her quays, and all her public places.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p>Science and literature are &quot;the nourishment of youth, the delight of
+age, the ornaments of prosperous life, the refuge and consolation of
+adversity, the companions of our weary travels, of our rural solitudes,
+of our sleepless nights.&quot;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p>The following quotation from <em>Jamieson's Scottish Dictionary</em> points out
+the frugal and temperate Scot; and, in illustration, may be contrasted
+with the proverbial invitation of the better feeding English, &quot;Will you
+come and take your mutton with me?&quot;</p>
+
+<p>&quot;KAIL, used metonimically for the whole dinner; as constituting among
+our temperate ancestors the principal part, <em>s</em>.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Hence, in giving a friendly invitation to dinner, it is common to say,
+'Will you come and tak your <em>kail</em> wi' me?' This, as a learned friend
+observes, resembles the French invitation, <em>Voulez vous venir manger la
+soupe chez moi!</em>&quot;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>THE RIVER NILE</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>Ledyard, in his <em>Travels</em>, speaks thus contemptuously of this celebrated
+wonder:&mdash;&quot;This is the mighty, the sovereign of rivers&mdash;the vast Nile
+that has been metamorphosed into one of the wonders of the world! Let me
+be careful how I read, and, above all, how I read ancient history. You
+have heard, and read too, much of its inundations. If the thousands of
+large and small canals from it, and the thousands of men and machines
+employed to transfer, by artificial means, the water of the Nile to the
+meadows on its banks&mdash;if this be the inundation that is meant, it is
+true; any other is false; it is not an inundating river.&quot;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p>The Jewish children to this day celebrate the fall and death of Haman,
+and on that anniversary represent the blows which they would fain deal
+on his scull, by striking with envenomed fury on the floor with wooden
+hammers. This observance was but very lately forbidden in the Grand
+Duchy of Baden.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>TRAVELLING FOLLIES</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Many gentlemen,&quot; says an old English author, &quot;coming to their lands
+sooner than to their wits, adventure themselves to see the fashion of
+other countries; whence they see the world, as Adam had knowledge of
+good and evil, with the loss or lessening of their estate in this
+English Paradise; and bring home a few smattering terms, flattering
+garbs, apish carriages, foppish fancies, foolish guises and disguises,
+the vanities of neighbour nations.&quot;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p>The Spaniards are infinitely more careful than the French, and other
+nations, in planting trees, and in taking care of them; for it rarely
+happens, when a Spaniard eats fruit in a wood or in the open country,
+that he does not set the stones or the pips; and thus in the whole of
+their country an infinite number of fruit-trees of all kinds are found;
+whereas, in the French quarters you meet with none&mdash;<em>Labat.</em></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>PAINTING</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>It is painful to think how soon the paintings of Raphael, and Titian,
+and Correggio, and other illustrious men will perish and pass away. &quot;How
+long,&quot; said Napoleon to David, &quot;will a picture last?&quot; &quot;About four or
+five hundred years!&mdash;a fine immortality!&quot; The poet multiplies his works
+by means of a cheap material&mdash;and Homer, and Virgil, and Dante, and
+Tasso, and Moliere, and Milton, and Shakspeare, may bid oblivion
+defiance; the sculptor impresses his conceptions on metal or on marble,
+and expects to survive the wreck of nations and the wrongs of time; but
+the painter commits to perishable cloth or wood the visions of his
+fancy, and dies in the certain assurance that the life of his works will
+be but short in the land they adorn.&mdash;<em>For. Rev.</em></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p>A Chinese novelist, in describing his hero, says, &quot;the air of the
+mountains and rivers had formed his body; his mind, like a rich piece of
+embroidery, was worthy of his handsome face!&quot; Pity he has not been
+introduced among our &quot;fashionable novels.&quot;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>PHRENOLOGY</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>In 1805, Dr. Gall, the celebrated phrenologist, visited the prison of
+Berlin in the course of his experimental travels to establish his
+theories. On April 17, in the presence of many witnesses, he was shown
+upwards of two hundred culprits, of whom he had never heard till that
+moment, and to whose crimes and dispositions he was a total stranger.
+Dr. Gall immediately pointed out, as a general feature in one of the
+wards, an extraordinary development in the region of the head where the
+organ of theft is situated, and in fact every prisoner there was a
+thief. Some children, also detained for theft, were then shown to him;
+and in them, too, the same organ was very prominent. In two of them
+particularly it was excessively large; and the prison-registers
+confirmed his opinion that these two were most incorrigible. In another
+room, where the women were kept apart, he distinguished one drest
+exactly like the others, occupied like them, and differing in no one
+thing but in the form of her head. &quot;For what reason is this woman here,&quot;
+asked Gall, &quot;for her head announces no propensity to theft?&quot; The answer
+was, &quot;She is the inspectress of this room.&quot; One prisoner had the organs
+of benevolence and of religion as strongly developed as those of theft
+and cunning; and his boast was, that he never had committed an act of
+violence, and that it was repugnant to his feelings to rob a church. In
+a man named Fritze, detained for the murder of his wife, though his
+crime was not proved, the organs of cunning and firmness were fully
+developed; and it was by these that he had eluded conviction. In
+Maschke, he found the organ of the mechanical arts, together with a head
+very well organized in many respects; and his crime was coining. In
+Troppe he saw the same organ. This man was a shoemaker, who, without
+instruction, made clocks and watches, to gain a livelihood in his
+confinement. On a nearer inspection, the organ of imitation was found to
+be large. &quot;If this man had ever been near a theatre,&quot; said Gall, &quot;he
+would in all probability have turned actor.&quot; Troppe, astonished at the
+accuracy of this sentence, confessed that he had joined a company of
+strolling players for six months. His crime, too, was having personated
+a police-officer, to extort money. The organs of circumspection,
+prurience, foresight, were sadly deficient in Heisig, who, in a drunken
+fit, had stabbed his best friend. In some prisoners he found the organ
+of language, in others of colour, in others of mathematics; and his
+opinion in no single instance failed to be confirmed by the known
+talents and dispositions of the individual.&mdash;<em>For. Q. Rev.</em></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>SAVING HABITS OF THE ENGLISH</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>According to the House of Commons' returns in 1815, there were no fewer
+than 925,439 individuals in England and Wales, being about
+<em>one-eleventh</em> of the then existing population, members of <em>Friendly
+Societies</em>, formed for the express purpose of affording protection to
+the members during sickness and old age, and enabling them to subsist
+without resorting to the parish funds. &quot;No such unquestionable proof of
+the prevalence of a spirit of providence and independence can be
+exhibited in any other European country.&quot; We have to add, that these
+must be the happiest people in the social scale.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p>In the year 1300, Giovanni Cimabue
+and Giotto, both of Florence, were the
+first to assert the natural dignity and originality
+of art, and the story of those
+illustrious friends is instructive and romantic.
+The former was a gentleman
+by birth and scholarship, and brought to
+his art a knowledge of the poetry and
+sculpture of Greece and Rome. The latter
+was <em>a shepherd</em>; when the inspiration
+of art fell upon him, he was watching his
+flocks among the hills, and his first attempts
+in art were to draw his sheep and
+goats upon rocks and stones. It happened
+that Cimabue, who was then high
+in fame, observed the sketches of the
+gifted shepherd; entered into conversation
+with him; heard from his own lips his
+natural notions of the dignity of art; and
+was so much charmed by his compositions
+and conversation, that he carried
+him to Florence, and became his close
+and intimate friend and associate. They
+found Italian painting rude in form, and
+without spirit and without sentiment;
+they let out their own hearts fully in their
+compositions, and to this day their works
+are highly esteemed for grave dignity of
+character, and for originality of conception.
+Of these great Florentines, Giotto, the
+shepherd, is confessedly the more eminent;
+in him we see the dawn, or rather
+the sunrise, of the fuller light of Raphael.
+&mdash;<em>For. Rev.</em>
+<br /></p><hr style="width: 35%;" /><br />
+
+<p><strong>A REAL HERO</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>In a <em>recherch&eacute;</em> article in the <em>Foreign Quarterly Review</em> we meet with
+the following marvellous story of Sterkodder, a sort of giant-killing
+hero of the North, who, having reached his 90th year, became infirm,
+blind, and eager to die. To leave the world in a natural way was out of
+the question; and to be dispatched to the Hall of Odin by an ignoble
+hand was scarcely less to be dreaded. Leaning on two crutches, with a
+sword at each side, he waited for some one to give him the mortal
+stroke. To tempt the avarice of such a one, he suspended from his neck a
+valuable gold chain. He slew a peasant passing, who, rallying him on his
+infirm state, had ventured to beg one of his swords, as neither could
+any longer be of service to him. At last his good fortune brought him a
+worthy executioner in Hather, the son of a prince whom he had slain. The
+young hero was hunting, and seeing the old man, he ordered two of his
+attendants to tease him. Both lost their lives for their temerity. The
+prince then advanced; and the old man, after relating his great actions,
+desired the former to kill him. To make the inducement stronger, he
+displayed the golden chain, which would be the reward of the deed; and
+to excite his rage, as well as avarice, he avowed that it was he who had
+slain the late prince, and that revenge was the sacred duty of the son.
+Influenced by both considerations, the latter consented to behead him.
+Sterkodder exhorted him to strike manfully. The head was accordingly
+severed from the body at a single blow; and as it touched the earth, the
+teeth fastened themselves furiously in the ground.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>WORKHOUSES</strong></p>
+
+<p>Were first erected in England in the year 1723, when they had an instant
+and striking effect in reducing the number of poor. Indeed the aversion
+of the poor to workhouses was so great, that Sir F.M. Eden mentions that
+some proposed, by way of weakening this aversion, &quot;to call workhouses by
+some softer and more inoffensive name.&quot; Previously to this date, it had
+been customary to relieve the able-bodied poor at their own houses.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>MARRIAGES IN CHINA</strong></p>
+
+<p>Are effected through the assistance of go-betweens, who enjoy, however,
+a very different repute from those of Europe, inasmuch as, among the
+former, the employ is of the most honourable character.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p>There are 300 palaces at Rome, of which 65 only are worth seeing, and
+these are defined to be houses which have arched gateways into which
+carriages can drive. Some of these palaces contain pictures and statues
+worth 130 or 160,000<em>l</em>., but with scarce a window whose panes are all
+whole, or a clean staircase.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>HORRORS OF THE INQUISITION IN SPAIN</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>Endless was the catalogue of most pious men and eminent scholars who
+underwent purification, as it is termed, in this den of superstition and
+tyranny. The culprit was not permitted to speak with his attorney,
+except in the presence of the inquisitor and a notary, who took notes,
+and certified what passed; and so far from the names of the informer or
+of the witnesses being supplied, every thing that could facilitate the
+explanation of them was expunged from the declarations; and the
+prisoners, one and all, in these dungeons might truly exclaim, with Fray
+Luis de Leon, &quot;I feel the pain, but see not the hand which inflicts
+it.&quot; Even in the early days of the inquisition, torture was carried to
+such an extent, that Sextus IV., in a brief published Jan. 29, 1482,
+could not refrain from deploring the wellknown truth, in lamentations
+which were re-echoed from all parts of Christendom. The formula of the
+sentence of torture began thus, <em>Christo nomine invocato</em>; and it was
+therein expressed, that the torture should endure as long as it pleased
+the inquisitors; and a protest was added, that, if during the torture
+the culprit should die, or be maimed, or if effusion of blood or
+mutilation of limb should ensue, the fault should be chargeable to the
+culprit, and not to the inquisitors. The culprit was bound by an oath of
+secresy, strengthened by fearful penalties, not to divulge any thing
+that he had seen, known, or heard, in the dismal precincts of that
+unholy tribunal&mdash;a secresy illegal and tyrannical, but which constituted
+the soul of that monstrous association, and by which its judges were
+sheltered against all responsibility.&mdash;<em>For. Rev.</em></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>COLONIZATION</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>In the colonization of the West Indies, &quot;when a city was to be founded,
+the first form prescribed was, with all solemnity, to erect a gallows,
+as the first thing needful; and in laying out the ground, a site was
+marked for the prison as well as for the church.&quot;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p>&quot;An attempt to handle the English law of evidence, in its former state,&quot;
+says the <em>Edinburgh Review</em>, &quot;was like taking up a hedgehog&mdash;all
+points!&quot;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p>Man is not quite so manageable in the hands of science as boiling water
+or a fixed star.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>PICTURE OF CONSTANTINOPLE</strong>.</p>
+
+<p><em>(From the French of Lebrun.)</em></p>
+
+<p>Queen of the Morn! Sultana of the East!<br />
+City of wonders, on whose sparkling breast,<br />
+Fair, slight, and tall, a thousand palaces<br />
+Fling their gay shadows over golden seas!<br />
+Where towers and domes bestud the gorgeous land,<br />
+And countless masts, a mimic forest stand;<br />
+Where cypress shades the minaret's snowy hue,<br />
+And gleams of gold dissolve in skies of blue,<br />
+Daughter of Eastern art, the most divine&mdash;<br />
+Lovely, yet faithless bride of Constantine&mdash;<br />
+Fair Istamboul, whose tranquil mirror flings<br />
+Back with delight thy thousand colourings,<br />
+And who no equal in the world dost know,<br />
+Save thy own image pictured thus below!</p>
+
+<p>Dazzled, amazed, our eyes half-blinded, fail,<br />
+While sweeps the phantasm past our gliding sail&mdash;<br />
+Like as in festive scene, some sudden light<br />
+Rises in clouds of stars upon the night.<br />
+Struck by a splendour never seen before,<br />
+Drunk with the perfumes wafted from the shore,<br />
+Approaching near these peopled groves, we deem<br />
+That from enchantment rose the gorgeous dream,<br />
+Day without voice, and motion without sound,<br />
+Silently beautiful! The haunted ground<br />
+Is paved with roofs beyond the bounds of sight,<br />
+Countless, and coloured, wrapped in golden light.<br />
+'Mid groves of cypress, measureless and vast,<br />
+In thousand forms of circles&mdash;crescents&mdash;cast,<br />
+Gold glitters, spangling all the wide extent,<br />
+And flashes back to heaven the rays it sent.<br />
+Gardens and domes, bazaars begem the woods;<br />
+Seraglios, harems&mdash;peopled solitudes,<br />
+Where the veil'd idol kneels; and vistas, through<br />
+Barr'd lattices, that give the enamoured view,<br />
+Flowers, orange-trees, and waters sparkling near,<br />
+And black and lovely eyes,&mdash;Alas, that Fear,<br />
+At those heaven-gates, dark sentinel should stand,<br />
+To scare even Fancy from her promised land!</p>
+
+<p><em>Foreign Quar. Rev.</em></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<br />
+
+<h2 align="center">THE SKETCH BOOK.</h2>
+
+<p><strong>THE MYSTERIOUS TAILOR</strong>.</p>
+
+<p><em>A Romance of High Holborn.</em></p>
+
+<p><em>(Concluded from page 46.)</em></p>
+<br />
+
+<p>On recovering from my stupor, I found myself with a physician and two
+apothecaries beside me, in bed at the George Inn, Ramsgate. I had been,
+it seems, for two whole days delirious, during which pregnant interval I
+had lived over again all the horrors of the preceding hours. The wind
+sang in my ears, the phantom forms of the unburied flitted pale and
+ghastly before my eyes. I fancied that I was still on the sea; that the
+massive copper-coloured clouds which hovered scarcely a yard overhead,
+were suddenly transformed into uncouth shapes, who glared at me from
+between saffron chinks, made by the scudding wrack; that the waters
+teemed with life, cold, slimy, preternatural things of life; that their
+eyes after assuming a variety of awful expressions, settled down into
+that dull frozen character, and their voices into that low, sepulchral,
+indefinable tone, which marked the Mysterious Tailor. This wretch was
+the Abaddon of my dreamy Pandaemonium. He was ever before me; he lent an
+added splendour to the day, and deepened the midnight gloom. On the
+heights of Bologne I saw him; far away over the foaming waters he
+floated still and lifeless beside me, his eye never once off my face,
+his voice never silent in my ear.</p>
+
+<p>My tale would scarcely have an end, were I to repeat but the one half of
+what during two brief days (two centuries in suffering) I experienced
+from this derangement of the nervous system. My readers may fancy that I
+have exaggerated my state of mind: far from it, I have purposely
+softened down the more distressing particulars, apprehensive, if not of
+being discredited, at least of incurring ridicule. Towards the close of
+the third day my fever began to abate, I became more sobered in my turn
+of thought, could contrive to answer questions, and listen with
+tolerable composure to my landlord's details of my miraculous
+preservation. The storm was slowly rolling off my mind, but the swell
+was still left behind it. The fourth day found me so far recovered, that
+I was enabled to quit my chamber, sit beside an open window, and derive
+amusement from the uncouth appearance of a Dutch crew, whose brig was
+lying at anchor in the harbour. From this time forward, every hour
+brought fresh accession to my strength, until at the expiration of the
+tenth day&mdash;so sudden is recovery in cases of violent fever when once the
+crisis is passed&mdash;I was sufficiently restored to take my place by a
+night-coach for London. The first few stages I endured tolerably well,
+notwithstanding that I had somewhat rashly ventured upon an outside
+place; but as midnight drew on, the wind became so piercingly keen,
+accompanied every now and then by a squally shower of sleet, that I was
+glad to bargain for an inside berth. By good luck, there was just room
+enough left for one, which I instantly appropriated, in spite of sundry
+hints <em>hemmed</em> forth by a crusty old gentleman, that the coach was full
+already. I took my place in the coach, to the dissatisfaction of those
+already seated there. Not a word was spoken for miles: for the
+circumstance of its being dark increased the distrust of all, and, in
+the firm conviction that I was an adventurer, they had already, I make
+no doubt, buttoned up their pockets, and diligently adjusted their
+watch-chains. In a short time, this reserve wore away. From this moment
+the conversation became general. Each individual had some invalid story
+to relate, and I too, so far forgot my usual taciturnity as to indulge
+my hearers with a detail of my late indisposition&mdash;of its origin in the
+Mysterious Tailor&mdash;of the wretch's inconceivable persecution&mdash;of the
+fiendish peculiarities of his appearance&mdash;of his astonishing ubiquity,
+and lastly, of my conviction that he was either more or less than man.
+Scarcely had the very uncourteous laughter that accompanied this
+narrative concluded, when a low, intermittent snore, proceeding from a
+person close at my elbow, challenged my most serious notice. The sound
+was peculiar&mdash;original&mdash;unearthly&mdash;and reminded me of the same music
+which had so harrowed my nerves at Bologne. Yet it could not surely be
+he&mdash;he, the very thoughts of whom now sent a thrill through every vein.
+Oh, no! it must be some one else&mdash;there were other harmonious
+sternutators beside him, he could not be the only nasal nightingale in
+the three kingdoms. While I thus argued the matter, silently, yet
+suspiciously, a wandering gleam of day, streaming in at the coach
+windows, faintly lit up a nose the penultimate peculiarities of which
+gave a very ominous turn to my reflections. In due time this light
+became more vivid; and beneath its encouraging influence, first, a pair
+of eyes&mdash;then two sallow, juiceless cheeks, then an upper lip, then a
+projecting chin; and lastly, the entire figure of the Mysterious Tailor
+himself, whose head, it seems, had hitherto been folded, bird-like, upon
+his breast, grew into atrocious distinctness, while from the depths of
+the creature's throat came forth the strangely-solemn whisper, &quot;touching
+that little account.&quot; For this once, indignation got the better of
+affright. &quot;Go where I will,&quot; I exclaimed, passionately interrupting him,
+&quot;I find I cannot avoid you, you have a supernatural gift of
+omnipresence, but be you fiend or mortal I will now grapple with you;&quot;
+and accordingly snatching at that obnoxious feature which, like the tail
+of the rattle-snake, had twice warned me of its master's fatal presence,
+I grasped it with such zealous good will, that had it been of mortal
+manufacture it must assuredly have come off in my hands. Aroused by the
+laughter of my fellow passengers, the coachman&mdash;who was just preparing
+to mount, after having changed horses at Dartford&mdash;abruptly opened the
+door, on which I as abruptly jumped out; and after paying my fare the
+whole way to town, and casting on the fiend a look of &quot;inextinguishable
+hatred,&quot; made an instant retreat into the inn. About the middle of the
+next day I reached London, and without a moment's pause hurried to the
+lodgings of my beforementioned friend C----. Luckily he was at home, but
+started at the strange forlorn figure that presented itself. And well
+indeed he might. My eye-balls were glazed and bloody, my cheeks white as
+a shroud, my mouth a-jar, my lips blue and quivering. &quot;For God's sake,
+C----,&quot; I began, vouchsafing no further explanation, &quot;lend me&mdash;(I
+specified the sum)&mdash;or I am ruined; that infernal, inconceivable Tailor
+has&mdash;.&quot; C----smilingly interrupted me by an instant compliance with my
+demand; on which, without a moment's delay, I bounded off, breathless
+and semi-frantic, towards my arch fiend's Pandaemonium at High Holborn.
+I cannot&mdash;cannot say what I felt as I crossed over from Drury-lane
+towards his den, more particularly when, on entering, I beheld the demon
+himself behind his counter&mdash;calm, moveless, and sepulchral, as if
+nothing of moment had occurred; as if he were an every-day dun, or I an
+every-day debtor. The instant he espied me, a sardonic smile, together
+with that appalling dissyllable, &quot;touching&quot; (which I never to this day
+hear, see, or write without a shudder) escaped him; but before he could
+close his oration, I had approached, trembling with rage and reverence,
+towards him, and, thrusting forth the exact sum, was rushing from his
+presence, when he beckoned me back for a receipt. A receipt, and from
+him too! It was like taking a receipt for one's soul from Satan!!</p>
+
+<p>The reader will doubtless conclude that, now at least, having
+satisfactorily settled his demands, I had done with my Tormentor for
+ever. This inference is in part correct. I followed up my vocation with
+an energy strangely contrasted with my recent indifference, was early
+and late in the schools, and for three months pursued this course with
+such ardour, that my adventures with the Mysterious Tailor, though not
+forgotten, were yet gradually losing their once powerful hold on my
+imagination. This was precisely the state of my feelings, when early one
+autumnal morning, just seven months from the date of my last visit to
+High Holborn, I chanced to be turning down Saint Giles's Church, on my
+way to&mdash;Hospital. I had nothing to render me more than usually pensive;
+no new vexations, no sudden pecuniary embarrassment; yet it so happened,
+that on this particular morning I felt a weight at my heart, and a cloud
+on my brain, for which I could in no way account. As I passed along
+Broad Street, I made one or two bold attempts to rally. I stared
+inquisitively at the different passers by, endeavouring, by a snatch at
+the expression of their faces, to speculate on the turn of their minds,
+and the nature of their occupations; I then began to whistle and hum
+some lively air, at the same time twirling my glove with affected
+unconcern; but nothing would do; every exertion I made to appear
+cheerful, not only found no answering sympathy from within, but even
+exaggerated by constrast my despondency. In this condition I reached
+Saint Giles's Church. A crowd was assembled at the gate opposite its
+entrance, and presently the long surly toll of the death-bell&mdash;that
+solemn and oracular memento&mdash;announced that a funeral was on the eve of
+taking place. The funeral halted at the entrance gate, where the coffin
+was taken from the hearse, and and thence borne into the chancel. This
+ceremony concluded, the procession again set forth towards the home
+appointed for the departed in a remote quarter of the church-yard. And
+now the interest began in reality to deepen. As the necessary
+preparations were making for lowering the coffin into earth, the
+mourners&mdash;even those who had hitherto looked unmoved&mdash;pressed gradually
+nearer, and with a momentary show of interest, to the grave. Such is the
+ennobling character of death.</p>
+
+<p>The preparations were by this time concluded, and nothing now remained
+but the last summons of the sexton. At this juncture, while the coffin
+was being lowered into its resting place, my eyes, accidentally, it may
+be said, but in reality by some fatal instinct, fell full upon the lid,
+on which I instantly recognised a name, long and fearfully known to
+me&mdash;the name of the Mysterious Tailor of High Holborn. Oh, how many
+thrilling recollections did this one name recal? The rencontre in the
+streets of London&mdash;the scene at the masquerade&mdash;the meeting at
+Bologne&mdash;the storm&mdash;the shipwreck&mdash;the sinking vessel&mdash;the appearance at
+that moment of <em>the man</em> himself&mdash;the subsequent visions of mingled
+fever and insanity: all, all now swept across my mind, as for the last
+time I gazed on the remains of him who was powerless henceforth for
+ever. In a few minutes one little span of earth would keep down that
+strange form which seemed once endowed with ubiquity. That wild
+unearthly voice was mute; that wandering glance was fixed; a seal was
+set upon those lips which eternity itself could not remove. Yes, my
+Tormentor&mdash;my mysterious&mdash;omnipresent Tormentor was indeed gone; and in
+that one word, how much of vengeance was forgotten! I was roused from
+this reverie by the hollow sound of the clay as it fell dull and heavy
+on the coffin-lid. The poor sleeper beneath could not hear it, it is
+true; his slumber, henceforth, was sound; the full tide of human
+population pressing fast beside the spot where he lay buried, should
+never wake him more: no human sorrow should rack his breast, no dream
+disturb his repose; yet cold, changed, and senseless as he was, the
+first sound of the falling clods jarred strange and harsh upon my ear,
+as if it must perforce awake him. In this feverish state of mind I
+quitted the church-yard, and, on my road home, passed by the shop where
+I had first met with the deceased. It was altered&mdash;strangely altered&mdash;to
+my mind, revoltingly so. Its quaint antique character, its dingy
+spectral look were gone, and there was even a studied air of
+cheerfulness about it, as if the present proprietor were anxious to
+obliterate every association, however slight, that might possibly remind
+him of the past. The former owner had but just passed out, his ashes
+were scarcely cold, and already his name was on the wane. Yet this is
+human nature. So trifling, in fact, is the gap caused by our absence in
+society, that there needs no patriotic Curtius to leap into it; it
+closes without a miracle the instant it is made, and none but a
+disinterested Undertaker knows or cares for whom tolls our passing bell.</p>
+
+<p><em>Monthly Magazine.</em></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<h2 align="center">SPIRIT OF THE</h2>
+
+<h2 align="center">PUBLIC JOURNALS.</h2>
+<br />
+
+<p><strong>THE TOUR OF DULNESS</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>From her throne of clouds, as Dulness look'd<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">On her foggy and favour'd nation,</span><br /><br />
+She sleepily nodded her poppy-crown'd head,<br />
+And gently waved her sceptre of lead,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">In token of approbation.</span><br /><br />
+<br />
+</p><p>For the north-west wind brought clouds and gloom,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Blue devils on earth, and mists in the air;</span><br /><br />
+Of parliamentary prose some died,<br />
+Some perpetrated suicide,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">And her empire flourish'd there.</span><br /><br />
+<br />
+</p><p>The Goddess look'd with a gracious eye<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">On her ministers great and small;</span><br /><br />
+But most she regarded with tenderness<br />
+Her darling shrine, the Minerva Press,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">In the street of Leadenhall.</span><br /><br />
+<br />
+</p><p>This was her sacred haunt, and here<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Her name was most adored,</span><br /><br />
+Her chosen here officiated.<br />
+And hence her oracles emanated,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">And breathed the Goddess in every word.</span><br /><br />
+<br />
+</p><p>She pass'd from the east to the west, and paused<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">In New Burlington-street awhile,</span><br /><br />
+To inspire a few puffs for Colburn and Co.<br />
+And indite some dozen novels or so<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">In the fashionable style.</span><br />
+
+<br /></p><hr style="width: 35%;" /><br />
+
+<p>Then turning her own Magazine to inspect,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">She was rather at fault, as of late</span><br />
+The colour and series both were new;<br />
+But the Goddess, with discernment true,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Detected it by the weight.</span><br />
+
+</p><p>She cross'd the Channel next, and peep'd<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">At Dublin; but the zeal</span><br />
+Of the liberty boys soon put her to flight.<br />
+And she dropp'd her mantle in her fright,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Which fell on Orator Shiel.</span><br />
+
+</p><p>Thence sped she to the Land of Cakes,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">The land she loves and its possessors;</span><br />
+She loves its Craniologists,<br />
+Political Economists,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">And all Scotch <em>mists</em> and Scotch Professors.</span><br />
+
+</p><p>And chiefly she on McCulloch smiled,<br />
+As a mother smiles on her darling child,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Or a lady on her lover;</span><br />
+Then, bethinking her of Parliament,<br />
+She hasten'd South, but ere she went,<br />
+She promised if nothing occurr'd to prevent,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">To return when the Session was over.</span><br />
+
+</p><p><em>Blackwood's Magazine.</em></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p>CANNIBALISM.</p>
+
+<p>In great cities, cannibalism takes an infinite variety of shapes. In the
+neighbourhood of St. James's-street there are numerous slaughter-houses,
+where men are daily consumed by the operation of cards and dice; and
+where they are caught by the same bait, at which Quin said he should
+have infallibly bitten. A similar process is likewise carried on in
+'Change Alley, on a great scale; not to speak of that snare especially
+set for widows and children, called a &quot;joint stock speculation.&quot; But
+your cannibal of cannibals is a parliament patron. Here, a great borough
+proprietor swallows a regiment at a single gulp; and there, the younger
+son of a lord ruminates over a colony till the very crows cannot find a
+dinner in it; and there again, a duke or a minister, himself and his
+family, having first &quot;supped full of horrors,&quot; casts a diocese to the
+side-table, to be mumbled at leisure by his son's tutor. The town is
+occasionally very indignant and very noisy against the gouls of
+Surgeons' Hall, because they live upon the dead carcasses of their
+fellow-creatures; while, strange to say, it takes but little account of
+the hordes of wretches who openly, and in the face of day, hunt down
+living men in their nefarious dealings as porter brewers, quack doctors,
+informers, attorneys, manufacturers of bean flour, alum, and Portland
+stone; and torture their subjects like so many barbacued pigs, in the
+complicated processes of their cookery.&mdash;<em>New Month. Mag.</em></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>SIGNS OF THE TIMES</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;They say this town is full of cozenage,<br />
+As nimble jugglers that deceive the eye,<br />
+Disguised cheaters, prating mountebanks,<br />
+And many such like libertines of sin.&quot;<br />
+SHAKSPEARE.</p>
+
+<p><strong>Caveat emptor</strong>! This is the age of fraud, imposture, substitution,
+transmutation, adulteration, abomination, contamination, and many others
+of the same sinister ending, always excepting purification. Every thing
+is debased and sophisticated, and &quot;nothing is but what is not.&quot; All
+things are mixed, lowered, debased, deteriorated, by our cozening
+dealers and shopkeepers; and, bad as they are, there is every reason to
+fear that they are &quot;mox daturos progeniem vitiosiorem.&quot; We wonder at the
+increase of bilious and dyspeptic patients, at the number of new books
+upon stomach complaints, at the rapid fortunes made by practitioners who
+undertake (the very word is ominous) to cure indigestion; but how can it
+be otherwise, when Accum, before he took to quoting with his scissors,
+assured us there was &quot;poison in the pot;&quot; when a recent writer has
+shown that there are still more deleterious ingredients in the
+wine-bottle; and when we ourselves have all had dismal intestine
+evidence that our bread is partly made of ground bones, alum, plaster of
+Paris; our tea, of aloe-leaves; our beer, of injurious drugs; our milk,
+of snails and chalk; and that even the water supplied to us by our
+companies is any thing rather than the real Simon Pure it professes to
+be. Not less earnestly than benevolently do our quack doctors implore us
+to beware of spurious articles; Day and Martin exhort us not to take our
+polish from counterfeit blacking: every advertiser beseeches the
+&quot;pensive public&quot; to be upon its guard against supposititious
+articles&mdash;all, in short, is knavery, juggling, cheating, and
+deception.&mdash;<em>Ibid.</em></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<h2 align="center">Retrospective Gleanings</h2>
+
+<p><strong>SONNET</strong></p>
+
+<p>BY HENRY TEONOE, A SEA CHAPLAIN IN THE REIGN OF CHARLES II.</p>
+
+<p><em>Composed October the First, over against the East part of Candia.</em></p>
+
+<p>O! Ginnee was a bony lasse,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Which maks the world to woonder</span><br />
+How ever it should com to passe<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">That wee did part a sunder.</span><br />
+
+</p><p>The driven snow, the rose so rare,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">The glorious sunne above thee,</span><br />
+Can not with my Ginnee compare,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">She was so wonderous lovely.</span><br />
+
+</p><p>Her merry lookes, her forhead high,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Her hayre like golden-wyer,</span><br />
+Her hand and foote, her lipe or eye,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Would set a saint on fyre.</span><br />
+
+</p><p>And for to give Giunee her due,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Thers no ill part about her;</span><br />
+The turtle-dove's not half so true;<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Then whoe can live without her?</span><br />
+
+</p><p>King Solomon, where ere he lay,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Did nere unbrace a kinder;</span><br />
+O! why should Ginnee gang away,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">And I be left behind her?</span><br />
+
+</p><p>Then will I search each place and roome<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">From London to Virginny,</span><br />
+From Dover-peere to Scanderoone,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">But I will finde my Ginny.</span><br />
+
+</p><p>But Ginny's turned back I feare,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">When that I did not mind her;</span><br />
+Then back to England will I steare,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">To see where I can find her.</span><br />
+
+</p><p>And haveing Ginnee once againe,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">If sheed doe her indeavour,</span><br />
+The world shall never make us twaine&mdash;<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Weel live and dye together.</span></p>
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>SONG BY KING CHARLES II</strong>.</p>
+
+<p><em>On the Duchess of Portsmouth leaving England.</em></p>
+
+<p><em>(For the Mirror.)</em></p>
+
+<p>Bright was the morning, cool the air,<br />
+Serene was all the skies;<br />
+When on the waves I left my dear,<br />
+The center of my joys;<br />
+Heav'n and nature smiling were.<br />
+And nothing sad but I.</p>
+
+<p>Each rosy field their odours spread,<br />
+All fragrant was the shore;<br />
+Each river God rose from his bed,<br />
+And sighing own'd her pow'r;<br />
+Curling the waves they deck'd their heads,<br />
+As proud of what they bore.</p>
+
+<p>Glide on ye waves, bear these lines,<br />
+And tell her my distress;<br />
+Bear all these sighs, ye gentle winds,<br />
+And waft them to her breast;<br />
+Tell her if e'er she prove unkind,<br />
+I never shall have rest.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<h2 align="center">The Anecdote Gallery</h2>
+
+<p><strong>VOLTAIRE</strong>.</p>
+
+<p><em>(From various Authorities.)</em></p>
+
+<p>The Chateau of Ferney, the celebrated residence of Voltaire, six miles
+from Geneva, is a place of very little picturesque beauty: its broad
+front is turned to the high road, without any regard to the prospect,
+and the garden is adorned with cut trees, parapet walls with
+flower-pots, jets d'eaux, &amp;c. Voltaire's bed-room is shown in its
+pristine state, just as he left it in 1777, when, after a residence of
+twenty years, he went to Paris to enjoy a short triumph and die. Time
+and travellers have much impaired the furniture of light-blue silk, and
+the Austrians, quartered in the house during the late war, have not
+improved it; the bed-curtains especially, which for the last forty years
+have supplied each traveller with a precious little bit, hastily torn
+off, are of course in tatters. The bedstead is of common deal, coarsely
+put together; a miserable portrait of Le Kain, in crayons, hangs inside
+of the bed, and two others, equally bad, on each side, Frederic and
+Voltaire himself. Round the room are bad prints of Washington, Franklin,
+Sir Isaac Newton, and several other celebrated personages; the
+ante-chamber is decorated with naked figures, in bad taste; each of
+these rooms may be 12 feet by 15.</p>
+
+<p>Such is the narrative of an intelligent traveller, who recently visited
+Ferney. &quot;Very few,&quot; says he, &quot;remain alive, of those who saw the poet: a
+gardener who conducted us about the grounds had that advantage; he
+showed us the place where the theatre stood, filling the space on the
+left-hand side in entering, between the chateau and the chapel, but the
+inscription on the last, <em>Voltaire &agrave; Dieu</em>, was removed during the reign
+of terror. The <em>old</em> gardener spoke favourably of his <em>old</em> master, who
+was, he said, <em>bon homme tout-a-fait, bien charitable,</em> and took an
+airing every morning in his coach and four.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>In the sitting-room, adjoining the bedroom, which he was accustomed to
+occupy, besides some good ancient paintings, is a very singular picture,
+which was painted according to Voltaire's direction. The principal
+personages are Voltaire, holding in his hand a roll of paper inscribed
+La Henriade; next him is a female personification of this favourite
+poem, whom he is presenting to Apollo crowned with rays of glory; Louis
+XIV. with his queen and court, are observing these chief figures. In
+another part, the Muses are crowning the burst of Voltaire with wreaths
+of flowers, and proposing to place it with those of other immortal
+authors in the Temple of Fame. The bottom of the picture is occupied by
+his enemies, who are being torn to pieces by wild beasts, or burning in
+flames of fire.</p>
+
+<p>In the bed-room is a marble cenotaph, on which is an urn that formerly
+contained the heart of Voltaire, which was removed several years ago,
+and placed in the church of Les Invalides at Paris. In this room also is
+an engraving of Voltaire's monument in the church-yard of Ferney. In
+this, four figures, representing the four quarters of the world, are
+preparing to honour his bust with wreaths of laurel and palms.
+Ignorance, meanwhile, with the wings of a fiend, armed with rods, is
+driving them away in the midst of their pacific employment, and
+extinguishing a lamp which burns above the tomb. It is a singular
+circumstance that Voltaire caused the church of Ferney to be built, as
+well as several houses in the village, and on an iron vane on the top of
+the former is inscribed, &quot;<em>Deo erexit Voltaire</em>.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>After his escape from the court of Frederic, Voltaire went first to
+Lausanne, were he resided some years, and where he fitted up a private
+theatre; his acquaintances there supplied him with performers, of whom
+it seems he was proud, and who acted for him Zaire, Alzira, and several
+other plays. Some spirited drawings of Huber represent him behind the
+scene teaching, scolding, encouraging the actors; you might have thought
+you heard his loud <em>bravo</em>! The part of Lusignan was frequently filled
+by the poet himself, who was so much taken with it as to be seen in the
+morning at the door of his house already dressed for the stage. Voltaire
+had a hollow wooden voice, and his declamation had more pomp in it than
+nature; yet in the part of Trissotin, in the Femmes Savantes, he
+performed very well.</p>
+
+<p>From Lausanne, where he quarrelled with several persons, he went, in
+1755, to St. Jean, close to Geneva, and gave to the house he occupied
+the name of <em>Les D&egrave;lices</em>, which it retains to this day. Ferney, which
+he bought soon after, became his permanent residence for twenty years.</p>
+
+<p>Strangers of distinction made a point of calling on the philosopher of
+Ferney, who for some years received their visits very willingly, giving
+them <em>f&ecirc;tes</em> and plays; but he became tired of this, and at last would
+only see those who could amuse him while he amused them. A quaker from
+Philadelphia, called Claude Gay, travelling in Europe, stayed some time
+at Geneva; he was known as the author of some Theological works, and
+liked for his good sense, moderation, and simplicity. Voltaire heard of
+him, his curiosity was excited, and he desired to see him. The quaker
+felt great reluctance, but suffered himself at last to be carried to
+Ferney, Voltaire having promised before hand to his friends that he
+would say nothing that could give him offence. At first he was delighted
+with the tall, straight, handsome quaker, his broad-brimmed hat, and
+plain drab suit of clothes; the mild and serene expression of his
+countenance; and the dinner promised to go off very well; yet he soon
+took notice of the great sobriety of his guest, and made jokes, to which
+he received grave and modest answers. The patriarchs, and the first
+inhabitants of the earth were next alluded to; by and by he began to
+sneer at the historical proofs of Revelation; but Claude was not to be
+driven away from his ground, and while examining these proofs, and
+arguing upon them rationally, he overlooked the light attacks of his
+adversary, when not to the point, appeared insensible to his sarcasms
+and wit, and remained always cool and serious. Voltaire's vivacity at
+last turned to downright anger; his eyes flashed fire whenever they met
+the benign and placid countenance of the quaker, and the dispute went so
+far at last, that the latter, getting up, said, &quot;Friend Voltaire!
+perhaps thou mayst come to understand these matters rightly; in the
+meantime, finding I can do thee no good, I leave thee, and so fare thee
+well!&quot; So saying he went away on foot, notwithstanding all entreaties,
+back again to Geneva, leaving the whole company in consternation.
+Voltaire immediately retired to his own room. M. Huber,<a name="ret8" id="ret8"></a>[8] who was
+present at this scene, made a drawing of the two actors.
+
+PHILO.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<h2 align="center">THE GATHERER.</h2>
+
+<p>A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+SHAKSPEARE.</p>
+<br />
+
+<p><strong>SIR W. JONES AND MR. DAY</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>One day, upon removing some books at the chambers of Sir William Jones,
+a large spider dropped upon the floor, upon which Sir William, with some
+warmth, said, &quot;Kill that spider, Day, kill that spider!&quot; &quot;No,&quot; said Mr.
+Day, with that coolness for which he was so conspicuous, &quot;I will not
+kill that spider, Jones; I do not know that I have a right to kill that
+spider! Suppose when you are going in your coach to Westminster Hall, a
+superior being, who, perhaps may have as much power over you as you have
+over this insect, should say to his companion, 'Kill that lawyer! kill
+that lawyer!' how should you like that, Jones? and I am sure, to most
+people, a lawyer is a more noxious animal than a spider.&quot;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>BISHOP</strong></p>
+
+<p>In Cambridge, this title is not confined to the dignitaries of the
+church; but <em>port</em> wine, made <em>copiously potable</em> by being mulled and
+burnt, with the <em>addenda</em> of roasted lemons all bristling like angry
+hedge-hogs (studded with cloves,) is dignified with the appellation of
+<em>Bishop</em>:</p>
+
+<p>Beneath some old oak, come and rest thee, my hearty;
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Our foreheads with roses, oh! let us entwine!</span><br />
+And, inviting young Bacchus to be of the party,
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">We'll drown all our troubles in oceans of wine!</span><br />
+
+</p><p>And perfumed with <em>Macassar</em> or <em>Otto</em> of roses,
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">We'll pass round the BISHOP, the spice-breathing cup,</span><br />
+And take of that medicine such wit-breeding doses,
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">We'll knock <em>down</em> the god, or he shall knock us <em>up</em>.</span><br />
+
+<br /></p><hr style="width: 35%;" /><br />
+
+<p><strong>GAZETTED AND IN THE GAZETTE</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>These terms imply very different things. The son of a nobleman is
+<em>gazetted</em>, as a cornet in a regiment, and all his friends rejoice. John
+Thomson is <em>in the Gazette</em>, and all his friends lament.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>UNFORTUNATE CASE</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>A zealous priest in the north of Ireland missed a constant auditor from
+his congregation, in which schism had already made depredations. &quot;What
+keeps our friend Farmer B----away from us?&quot; was the anxious question
+proposed by the vigilant minister to his assistant, &quot;I have not seen him
+among us,&quot; continued he, &quot;these three weeks; I hope it is not
+Protestantism that keeps him away,&quot; &quot;No,&quot; was the reply, &quot;it is worse
+than that.&quot; &quot;Worse than Protestantism? God forbid it should,&mdash;Deism?&quot;
+&quot;No, worse than that.&quot; &quot;Worse than Deism! good heavens, I trust it is
+not Atheism.&quot; &quot;No, worse than Atheism!&quot; &quot;Impossible, nothing can be
+worse than Atheism!&quot; &quot;Yes, it is, your honour&mdash;<em>it is Rheumatism</em>!&quot;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>LIQUIDATING CLAIMS</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>During a remarkable wet summer, Joe Vernon, whose vocal taste and humour
+contributed for many years to the entertainment of the frequenters of
+Vauxhall Gardens, but who was not quite so good a <em>timist</em> in money
+matters as in music, meeting an acquaintance who had the misfortune to
+hold some of his unhonoured paper, was asked by him, not uninterestedly,
+how the gardens were going on? &quot;Oh, <em>swimmingly</em>!&quot; answered the jocose
+Joe. &quot;Glad to hear it,&quot; retorted the creditor, &quot;their <em>swimming</em> state,
+I hope, will cause the singers to <em>liquidate their notes</em>.&quot;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p>Mr. Samuel Deacon, a most respectable Baptist minister, who resided at
+Barton in Leicestershire, was not peculiarly happy in his cast of
+countenance or general appearance; conscious of the silly ridicule his
+unprepossessing <em>tout ensemble</em> occasionally excited, he made the
+following good-humoured, quaint remark:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>&quot;The carcass that you look at so,<br />
+Is not Sam Deacon, you must know,<br />
+But 'tis the carriage&mdash;the machine,<br />
+Which Samuel Deacon rideth in.&quot;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>ADVANTAGES OF LOQUACITY</strong></p>
+
+<p>A very pretty woman, who was tediously loquacious, complained one day to
+Madame de Sevign&eacute;, that she was sadly tormented by her lovers. &quot;Oh,
+Madame,&quot; said Madame de Sevign&eacute; to her, with a smile, &quot;it is very easy
+to get rid of them: you have only to speak.&quot;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><em>Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD 143, Strand, (near Somerset House,)
+London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHEN, 626, New Market, Leipsic; and by all
+Newsman and Booksellers.</em></p>
+
+<p>FOOTNOTES:</p>
+
+<p><a name="ft1" id="ft1"></a>[1] The old bridge was of wood, and 168 yards in length. It was the most
+ancient on the River Thames, except that of London, and is mentioned in
+a record of the 8th year of Henry III.</p>
+
+<p><a name="ft2" id="ft2"></a>[2] At the time the chapel fell, the sexton, while digging a grave was
+buried under the ruins, with another person, and his daughter. The
+latter, notwithstanding she lay covered seven hours, survived this
+misfortune seventeen years, and was her father's successor. The memory
+of this event is preserved by a print of this singular woman, engraved
+by M'Ardell.</p>
+
+<p><a name="ft3" id="ft3"></a>[3] The work is dedicated to Dr. Babington, "in remembrance of some
+delightful days passed in his society, and in gratitude for an
+uninterrupted friendship of a quarter of a century;" and in the preface
+the author, after saying that the characters are imaginary, intimates
+that "in the portrait of HALIEUS, given in the last dialogue, a
+likeness, he thinks, will not fail to be recognised to that of a most
+estimable physician, ardently beloved by his friends, and esteemed and
+venerated by the public."</p>
+
+<p><a name="ft4" id="ft4"></a>[4] In our last volume, this was erroneously attributed to Swift.</p>
+
+<p><a name="ft" id="ft5"></a>[5] See page 370, vol. xi. MIRROR.</p>
+
+      <p><a name="ft6" id="ft6"></a>[6] As "kill him, crimp him," &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p><a name="ft7" id="ft7"></a>[7] The late worthy and scientific Wm. Reynolds, of the Bank, near Ketley.</p>
+<p><a name="ft8" id="ft8"></a>[8] M. Huber was the father of the author of a work on the economy of
+bees, and the grandfather of the author of a work on the economy of
+ants. The first M. Huber had a very peculiar talent for drawing; with
+his scissors he could cut a piece of paper into a representation of
+anything, as accurately, and as fast, and with as much spirit, as he
+might have delineated with his pencil either figures or landscapes.
+Voltaire was his favourite subject; and he is known to have taught his
+dog to bite off a piece of crumb of bread, which he held in his hand, so
+as to give it as last the appearance of Voltaire.</p>
+</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE 324 ***
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
+       Volume XII., No. 324, July 26, 1828
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: November 29, 2003 [EBook #10331]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE 324 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Sjaani and PG Distributed Proofreaders
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR
+
+OF
+
+LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+324.] SATURDAY, JULY 26, 1828. [Price 2_d_.
+
+Vol. XII
+
+[Illustration: KINGSTON NEW BRIDGE]
+
+
+
+
+KINGSTON NEW BRIDGE.
+
+Through many a bridge the wealthy river roll'd.
+SOUTHEY.
+
+The annexed picturesque engraving represents the new bridge[1] from
+Kingston-upon-Thames to Hampton-Wick, in the royal manor of Hampton
+Court. It is built of Portland stone, and consists of five elliptical
+arches, the centre arch being 60 feet span by 19 in height, and the side
+arches 56 and 52 feet span respectively. The abutments are terminated by
+towers or bastions, and the whole is surmounted by a cornice and
+balustrade, with galleries projecting over the pier; which give a bold
+relief to the general elevation. The length of the bridge is 382 feet by
+27 feet in width. It is of chaste Grecian architecture, from the design
+of Mr. Lapidge, to whose courtesy we are indebted for the original of
+our engraving. The building contract was undertaken by Mr. Herbert for
+L26,800. and the extra work has not exceeded L100. a very rare, if not
+an unprecedented occurrence in either public or private undertakings of
+this description. The first stone was laid by the Earl of Liverpool,
+November 7, 1825, and the bridge was opened in due form by her royal
+highness the Duchess of Clarence, on July 17, 1828.
+
+Kingston is one of the most picturesque towns on the banks of the
+Thames; and its antiquarian attractions are of the highest order. It was
+occupied by the Romans, and in aftertimes it was either a royal
+residence or a royal demesne, so early as the union of the Saxon
+Heptarchy; for there is a record extant of a council held there in 838,
+at which Egbert, the first king of all England, and his son Athelwolf
+were present; and in this record it is styled _Kyningenstum famosa ilia
+locus_. Some of our Saxon kings were also crowned here; and adjoining
+the church is a large stone, on which, according to tradition, they were
+placed during the ceremony. Many interesting relics have from time to
+time been discovered in illustration of these historical facts, and till
+the year 1730, the figures of some of the above kings and that of king
+John (who chartered the town) were preserved in a chapel adjoining the
+above spot. In that year, however, the chapel fell, and with it were
+demolished the royal _effigies_.[2] Mr. Lysons, with his usual accuracy,
+enumerates nine kings who were crowned here.
+
+Kingston formerly sent members to parliament, till, by petition, the
+inhabitants prayed to be relieved from the burden!
+
+At Hampton Wick, the village on the opposite bank, resided the witty but
+profligate Sir Richard Steele, in a house which he whimsically
+denominated "the hovel;" and "from the Hovel at Hampton Wick, April 7,
+1711," he dedicated the fourth volume of the _Tatler_ to Charles, Lord
+Halifax. This was probably about the time he became surveyor of the
+royal stables at Hampton Court, governor of the king's comedians, a
+justice of the peace for Middlesex, and a knight.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ARCHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY.
+
+The first Archbishop of Canterbury was Austin, appointed by King
+Ethelbert, on his conversion to Christianity, about the year 598. Before
+the coming of the Saxons into England, the Christian Britons had three
+Archbishops, viz. of London, York, and Caerleon, an ancient city of
+South Wales. The Britons being driven out of these parts, the
+Archbishoprick of London became extinct; and when Pope Gregory the Great
+had afterwards sent thither Augustine, and his fellow-labourer to preach
+the Gospel to the then heathen Saxons, the Archiepiscopal See was
+planted at Canterbury, as being the metropolis of the kingdom of Kent,
+where King Ethelbert had received the same St. Augustine, and with his
+kingdom was baptized, and embraced the doctrines of Christianity before
+the rest of the Heptarchy. The other Archbishoprick of Caerleon was
+translated to St. David's in Pembrokeshire, and afterwards wholly to the
+See of Canterbury; since which, all England and Wales reckon but two
+Archbishops, Canterbury and York. The following Archbishops have died at
+Lambeth Palace;--Wittlesey, in 1375; Kemp, 1453; Dean, 1504; all buried
+in Canterbury Cathedral: Cardinal Pole, 1558, after lying in state here
+40 days was buried at Canterbury; Parker, 1575, buried in Lambeth
+Chapel; Whitgift, 1604, buried at Croydon; Bancroft, 1610, buried at
+Lambeth; Juxon, 1663, buried in the chapel of St. John's College,
+Oxford; Sheldon, 1667, buried at Croydon; Tillotson, 1694, buried in the
+church of St. Laurence Jewry, London; Tennison, 1715; and Potter, 1747,
+both buried at Croydon; Seeker, 1768; Cornwallis, 1783, and Moore,
+1805, all buried at Lambeth. In 1381, the Archbishop, Simon of Sudbury,
+fell a victim to Wat Tyler and his crew, when they attacked Lambeth
+Palace.
+
+P. T. W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DAYS OF FLY FISHING.
+
+That an ex-president (Sir Humphry Davy) of the Royal Society should
+write a book on field sports may at first sight appear rather
+_unphilosophical_; although it is not more fanciful than Bishop
+Berkeley's volume on tar water, Bishop Watson's improvement in the
+manufacture of gunpowder, Sir Walter Scott writing a sermon, or a Scotch
+minister inventing a safety gun, and, as we are told, _presenting_ the
+same to the King in person. Be this as it may, since our first
+acquaintance with the "prince of piscators," the patriarch of anglers,
+Isaak Walton, it has seldom been our lot to meet with so pleasant a
+volume as _Salmonia, or Days of Fly Fishing_, to whose contents we are
+about to introduce our readers.
+
+In our last number we gave a _flying_ extract, entitled, "Superstitions
+on the Weather," being a fair specimen of the very agreeable manner of
+the digressions in the above work, which is, perhaps, less practical
+than it might have been; but this defect is more than atoned for in the
+author's felicitous mode of intermingling with the main subject, some of
+the most curious facts and phenomena in natural history and philosophy
+so as to familiarize the angler with many causes and effects which
+altogether belong to a higher class of reading than that of mere
+amusement. All this, too, is done in a simple, graceful, and flowing
+style, always amusive, and sometimes humorously illustrative--advantages
+which our philosophical writers do not generally exhibit, but which are
+more or less evident in every page of Sir Humphry Davy's writings.
+
+_Salmonia_ consists of a series of conversations between four
+characters--Halieus,[3] Poietes, Physicus, Ornither. In the "First Day"
+we have an ingenious vindication of fly fishing against the well-known
+satire of Johnson[4] and Lord Byron, and the following:--
+
+_Halieus._--A noble lady, long distinguished at court for pre-eminent
+beauty and grace, and whose mind possesses undying charms, has written
+some lines in my copy of Walton, which, if you will allow me, I will
+repeat to you:--
+
+Albeit, gentle Angler, I
+  Delight not in thy trade,
+Yet in thy pages there doth lie
+So much of quaint simplicity,
+    So much of mind,
+    Of such good kind.
+  That none need be afraid,
+Caught by thy cunning bait, this book,
+To be ensnared on thy hook.
+
+Gladly from thee, I'm lur'd to bear
+  With things that seem'd most vile before,
+For thou didst on poor subjects rear
+Matter the wisest sage might hear.
+    And with a grace,
+    That doth efface
+  More laboured works, thy simple lore
+Can teach us that thy skilful _lines_,
+More than the scaly brood _confines_.
+
+Our hearts and senses too, we see,
+  Rise quickly at thy master hand,
+And ready to be caught by thee
+Are lured to virtue willingly.
+    Content and peace,
+    With health and ease,
+  Walk by thy side. At thy command
+We bid adieu to worldly care.
+And joy in gifts that all may share.
+
+Gladly with thee, I pace along.
+  And of sweet fancies dream;
+Waiting till some inspired song,
+Within my memory cherished long,
+    Comes fairer forth.
+    With more of worth;
+  Because that time upon its stream
+Feathers and chaff will bear away,
+But give to gems a brighter ray.
+
+And though the charming and intellectual author of this poem is not an
+angler herself, yet I can quote the example of her lovely daughters to
+vindicate fly fishing from the charge of cruelty, and to prove that the
+most delicate and refined minds can take pleasure in this innocent
+amusement.
+
+Gay's passionate love for angling is well known; it was his principal
+occupation in the summer at Amesbury; and "the late excellent John
+Tobin, author of the _Honey Moon_, was an ardent angler." Among heroes,
+Trajan was fond of angling. Nelson was a good fly-fisher, and continued
+the pursuit even with his left hand; and, says the author, "I have known
+a person who fished with him at Merton, in the Wandle. Dr. Paley was so
+much attached to this amusement, that when the Bishop of Durham inquired
+of him when one of his most important works would be finished, he said,
+with great simplicity and good-humour, 'My lord, I shall work steadily
+at it when the fly-fishing season is over.'"--Then we have a poetical
+description of river scenery, till two of the party arrive at the
+following conclusions:--
+
+I have already admitted the danger of analyzing, too closely, the moral
+character of any of our field sports; yet I think it cannot be doubted
+that the nervous system of fish, and cold-blooded animals in general, is
+less sensitive than that of warm-blooded animals. The hook usually is
+fixed in the cartilaginous part of the mouth, where there are no nerves;
+and a proof that the sufferings of a hooked fish cannot be great is
+found in the circumstance, that though a trout has been hooked and
+played for some minutes, he will often, after his escape with the
+artificial fly in his mouth, take the natural fly, and feed as if
+nothing had happened; having apparently learnt only from the experiment,
+that the artificial fly is not proper for food. And I have caught pikes
+with four or five hooks in their mouths, and tackle which they had
+broken only a few minutes before; and the hooks seemed to have had no
+other effect than that of serving as a sort of _sauce piquante_, urging
+them to seize another morsel of the same kind.--The advocates for a
+favourite pursuit never want sophisms to defend it. I have even heard it
+asserted, that a hare enjoys being hunted. Yet I will allow that
+fly-fishing, after your vindication, appears amongst the least cruel of
+field sports.
+
+We must, however, confine ourselves to a few colloquial extracts from
+the _practical_ portion of the volume; as
+
+_Flies on the Wandle, &c._
+
+_Orn._--Surely the May-fly season is not the only season for day-fishing
+in this river? [the Wandle.]--_Hal._ Certainly not. There are as many
+fish to be taken, perhaps, in the spring fishing; but in this deep river
+they are seldom in good season till the May-fly has been on, and a
+fortnight hence they will be still better than even now. In September
+there may be good fish taken here; but the autumnal flies are less
+plentiful in this river than the spring flies--_Phys_, Pray tell me what
+are the species of fly which take in these two seasons.--_Hal_. You know
+that trout spawn or deposit their ova, &c. in the end of the autumn or
+beginning of winter, from the middle of November till the beginning of
+January, their maturity depending upon the temperature of the season,
+their quantity of food, &c. They are at least six weeks or two months
+after they have spawned before they recover their flesh; and the time
+when these fish are at the worst, is likewise the worst time for
+fly-fishing, both on account of the cold weather, and because there are
+fewer flies on the water than at any other season. Even in December and
+January there are a few small gnats or water-flies on the water in the
+middle of the day, in bright days, or when there is sunshine. These are
+generally black, and they escape the influence of the frost by the
+effects of light on their black bodies, and probably by the extreme
+rapidity of the motions of their fluids, and generally of their organs.
+They are found only at the surface of the water, where the temperature
+must be above the freezing point. In February a few double-winged
+water-flies, which swim down the stream, are usually found in the middle
+of the day, such as the willow-fly; and the cow-dung-fly is sometimes
+carried on the water by winds. In March there are several flies found on
+most rivers. The grannam, or green-tail-fly, with a wing like a moth,
+comes on generally morning and evening, from five till eight o'clock,
+A.M. in mild weather, in the end of March and through April. Then there
+are the blue and the brown, both ephemerae, which come on, the first in
+dark days, the second in bright days; these flies, when well imitated,
+are very destructive to fish. The first is a small fly, with a palish
+yellow body, and slender, beautiful wings, which rest on the back as it
+floats down the water. The second, called the cob in Wales, is three or
+four times as large, and has brown wings, which likewise protrude from
+the back, and its wings are shaded like those of a partridge, brown and
+yellow brown. These three kinds of flies lay their eggs in the water,
+which produce larvae that remain in the state of worms, feeding and
+breathing in the water till they are prepared for their metamorphosis,
+and quit the bottoms of the rivers, and the mud and stones, for the
+surface, and light and air. The brown fly usually disappears before the
+end of April, likewise the grannam; but of the blue dun there is a
+succession of different tints, or species, or varieties, which appear in
+the middle of the day all the summer and autumn long. These are the
+principal flies on the Wandle--the best and clearest stream near London.
+In early spring these flies have dark olive bodies; in the end of April
+and the beginning of May they are found yellow; and in the summer they
+become cinnamon coloured; and again, as the winter approaches, gain a
+darker hue. I do not, however, mean to say that they are the same flies,
+but more probably successive generations of ephemerae of the same
+species. The excess of heat seems equally unfavourable, as the excess of
+cold, to the existence of the smaller species of water-insects, which,
+during the intensity of sunshine, seldom appear in summer, but rise
+morning and evening only. The blue dun has, in June and July, a yellow
+body; and there is a water-fly which, in the evening, is generally found
+before the moths appear, called the red spinner. Towards the end of
+August, the ephemerae appear again in the middle of the day--a very
+pale, small ephemera, which is of the same colour as that which is seen
+in some rivers in the beginning of July. In September and October this
+kind of fly is found with an olive body, and it becomes darker in
+October and paler in November. There are two other flies which appear in
+the end of September and continue during October, if the weather be
+mild; a large yellow fly, with a fleshy body, and wings like a moth; and
+a small fly with four wings, with a dark or claret coloured body, that
+when it falls on the water has its wings like the great yellow fly, flat
+on its back. This, or a claret bodied fly, very similar in character,
+may be likewise found in March or April, on some waters. In this river I
+have often caught many large trout in April and the beginning of May,
+with the blue dun, having the yellow body; and in the upper part of the
+stream below St. Albans, and between that and Watford, I have sometimes,
+even as early as April, caught fish in good condition; but the _true_
+season for the Colne is the season of the May-fly. The same may be said
+of most of the large English rivers containing large trouts, and
+abounding in May-fly--such as the Test and the Kennett, the one running
+by Stockbridge, the other by Hungerford. But in the Wandle, at
+Carshalton and Beddington, the May-fly is not found; and the little
+blues are the constant, and, when well imitated, killing flies on this
+water; to which may be joined a dark alder-fly, and a red evening fly.
+In the Avon, at Ringwood and Fordingbridge, the May-fly is likewise a
+killing fly; but as this is a grayling river, the other flies,
+particularly the grannam and blue and brown, are good in spring, and the
+alder-fly or pale blue later, and the blue dun in September and October,
+and even November. In the streams in the mountainous parts of Britain,
+the spring and autumnal flies are by far the most killing. The Usk was
+formerly a very productive trout-stream, and the fish being well fed by
+the worms washed down by the winter floods, were often in good season,
+cutting red, in March and the beginning of April: and at this season the
+blues and browns, particularly when the water was a little stained after
+a small flood, afforded the angler good sport. In Herefordshire and
+Derbyshire, where trout and grayling are often found together, the same
+periods are generally best for angling; but in the Dove, Lathkill, and
+Wye, with the natural May-fly many fish may be taken; and in old times,
+in peculiarly windy days, or high and troubled water, even the
+artificial May-fly, according to Cotton, was very killing.
+
+Here we must end, at least _for the present_; but there is so much
+anecdotical pleasantry in _Salmonia_ that we might continue our extracts
+through many columns, and we are persuaded, to the gratification of the
+majority of our readers. Even when we announced the publication of this
+work a few weeks since, we were led to anticipate the delight it would
+afford many of our esteemed correspondents, especially our friend
+_W.H.H._, who has "caught about forty trout in two or three hours" in
+the rocky basins of Pot-beck, &c.[5]
+
+Sir Humphry Davy mentions the Wandle in Surrey, as we have quoted; but
+he does not allude to the trout-fishing in the Mole, in the Vale of
+Leatherhead in the same county. There are in the course of the work a
+few expressions which make humanity shudder, and would drive a
+Pythagorean to madness,[6] notwithstanding the ingenuity with which the
+author attempts to vindicate his favourite amusement.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SHROPSHIRE AND WELSH GIRLS.
+
+There are few Londoners who in their suburban strolls have failed to
+notice the scores of _female_ fruit-carriers by whose toil the markets
+are supplied with some of their choicest delicacies. As an interesting
+illustration of the meritorious character of these handmaids to luxury,
+I send you the following extract from Sir Richard Phillips's _Walk from
+London to Kew_.
+
+PHILO.
+
+In the strawberry season, hundreds of women are employed to carry that
+delicate fruit to market on their heads; and their industry in
+performing this task is as wonderful, as their remuneration is unworthy
+of the opulent classes who derive enjoyment from their labour. They
+consist, for the most part, of Shropshire and Welsh girls, who walk to
+London at this season in droves, to perform this drudgery, just as the
+Irish peasantry come to assist in the hay and corn harvests. I learnt
+that these women carry upon their heads baskets of strawberries or
+raspberries, weighing from forty to fifty pounds, and make two turns in
+the day, from Isleworth to market, a distance of thirteen miles each
+way; three turns from Brentford, a distance of nine miles; and four
+turns from Hammersmith, a distance of six miles. For the most part, they
+find some conveyance back; but even then these industrious creatures
+carry loads from twenty-four to thirty miles a-day, besides walking back
+unladen some part of each turn! Their remuneration for this unparalleled
+slavery is from 8_s_. to 9_s_. per day; each turn from the distance of
+Isleworth being 4_s_. or 4_s_. 6_d_.; and from that of Hammersmith 2_s_.
+or 2_s_. 3_d_. Their diet is coarse and simple, their drink, tea and
+small-beer; costing not above 1_s_. or 1_s_. 6_d_. and their back
+conveyance about 2_s_. or 2_s_. 6_d_.; so that their net gains are about
+5_s_. per day, which, in the strawberry season, of forty days, amounts
+to 10_l_. After this period the same women find employment in gathering
+and marketing vegetables, at lower wages, for other sixty days, netting
+about 5_l_. more. With this poor pittance they return to their native
+county, and it adds either to their humble comforts, or creates a small
+dowry towards a rustic establishment for life. Can a more interesting
+picture be drawn of virtuous exertion? Why have our poets failed to
+colour and finish it? More virtue never existed in their favourite
+shepherdesses than in these Welsh and Shropshire girls! For beauty,
+symmetry, and complexion, they are not inferior to the nymphs of
+Arcadia, and they far outvie the pallid specimens of Circassia! Their
+morals too are exemplary; and they often perform this labour to support
+aged parents, or to keep their own children from the workhouse! In keen
+suffering, they endure all that the imagination of a poet could desire;
+they live hard, they sleep on straw in hovels and barns, and they often
+burst an artery, or drop down dead from the effect of heat and
+over-exertion! Yet, such is the state of one portion of our female
+population, at a time when we are calling ourselves the most polished
+nation on earth.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+COLEBROOK-DALE IRON-WORKS--THE REYNOLDS'.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror_.)
+
+In the interesting extract you have given in your excellent Miscellany
+(No. 321) from Bakewell's Introduction to Geology, when speaking of the
+exhausted or impoverished state of the iron-ore and coals in Shropshire,
+&c., an allusion is made in a note to that truly excellent man, the late
+Mr. Richard Reynolds, and to the final extinction of the furnaces at
+Colebrook-Dale, which is not altogether correct.
+
+I beg leave, therefore, to point out the errors to you, and to add a
+fact or two more relating to that distinguished philanthropist and his
+family, which, perhaps, will not be unacceptable to many of your
+readers.
+
+Mr. Reynolds was by no means the _original_, nor, I believe, ever the
+_sole_ proprietor, of the iron-works in Colebrook-Dale, as stated by Mr.
+Bakewell; he derived his right in them from his wife's family the
+Darbies; and the firm of "Darby and Company" was the well known mark on
+the iron from these works for a very long period; more recently, that of
+"Colebrook-Dale Company" was adopted.
+
+The Darbies were an old and respectable family of the Society of
+Friends, and a pair of the elder branches of it were the original "Darby
+and Joan," whose names are so well known throughout the whole kingdom. I
+had this anecdote from one of the sons of Mr. Reynolds,[7] and have no
+doubt of its authenticity.
+
+It may not be generally known to your readers, perhaps, that the first
+iron bridge in England was projected at, and cast from, the furnaces of
+Colebrook-Dale, and erected over the Severn, near that place, about the
+year 1779; and, considering it to be the _first_ bridge of the kind, I
+feel little hesitation in stating it to be, even now, the most beautiful
+one. This structure, at that time thought to be a wonderful attempt, was
+the entire offspring of Mr. Reynolds' genius; it was planned, cast, and
+erected, under his immediate care and superintendance.
+
+I cannot suppose the reason given by your author for the discontinuance
+of the works at Colebrook-Dale to be correct, as there is another large
+furnace in the immediate neighbourhood, called "Madeley Wood Furnace"
+(also belonging to Mr. Reynolds's family), which was allowed to make,
+and, I believe, still makes, the best iron and steel in the United
+Kingdom. Mr. Reynolds had also other great iron-works at Ketley, since
+carried on by his two sons, William and Joseph, and still in high
+reputation, as to the quality of the iron made there; these are not more
+distant from Colebrook-Dale than six or seven miles, and between the two
+there are the extensive and highly valuable works of "Old Park," &c.,
+belonging to Mr. Botfield (so that the whole district abounds in the
+materials), which not having the advantage of the immediate vicinity of
+the Severn for conveyance, would have been more likely to have stopped
+from the circumstances stated in your extract; _viz._ the failure in
+quality or quantity of iron-stone, coals, or other necessary matter. The
+Colebrook-Dale fires must, therefore, I conceive, have ceased to blaze,
+and the blast of her furnaces to roar, from some other cause, and from
+some private reason of her late proprietors.
+
+Your constant reader,
+
+_Shrewsbury._ SALOPIENSIS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NOTES OF A READER.
+
+TRAGEDY.
+
+We do not see any necessary and natural connexion between death and the
+end of the third volume of a novel, or the conclusion of the fifth act
+of a play,--though that connexion in some modern novels, and in most
+English tragedies, seems to be assumed. Nor does it seem to follow,
+that, because death is the object of universal dread and aversion, and
+because terror is one of the objects of tragedy, death must, therefore,
+necessarily be represented; and not only so, but the more deaths the
+better. If it be true that familiarity has a tendency to create
+indifference, if not contempt, it must be considered prudent to have
+recourse to this strong exhibition as to drastic remedies in medicine,
+with caution and discrimination, and with a view to the continuance of
+its effect. We cannot help wishing that our own Shakspeare, who lays
+down such excellent rules for the guidance of actors, and cautions them
+so earnestly against "overstepping the modesty of nature," and the
+danger of "tearing passion to rags," had remembered, that the poet
+himself has certain limits imposed upon him, which he cannot transgress
+with impunity. We should not then have observed, in the perusal of some
+of his plays, the marginal notice of ["_dies_"] with about as much
+emotion as a note of exclamation; nor, when at the actual
+representation, we behold the few remaining persons of the drama
+scarcely able to cross the stage without stumbling over the bodies of
+their fallen companions, should we have felt our thoughts unavoidably
+wandering from the higher business and moral effect of the scene, to the
+mere physical and repelling images of fleshly mortality.--_Edinburgh
+Rev._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The inquiries of the committee appointed to devise means for the
+suppression of mendicity, leave us no reason to doubt that in an average
+of cases a London beggar made by "his trade" eighteen-pence per day, or
+twenty-seven pounds per annum!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_One-ninth_ of the whole population of Paris are wholly maintained by
+funds which the different bureaux of charity distribute for their
+relief; and still a countless horde of mendicants infest her streets,
+her quays, and all her public places.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Science and literature are "the nourishment of youth, the delight of
+age, the ornaments of prosperous life, the refuge and consolation of
+adversity, the companions of our weary travels, of our rural solitudes,
+of our sleepless nights."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The following quotation from _Jamieson's Scottish Dictionary_ points out
+the frugal and temperate Scot; and, in illustration, may be contrasted
+with the proverbial invitation of the better feeding English, "Will you
+come and take your mutton with me?"
+
+"KAIL, used metonimically for the whole dinner; as constituting among
+our temperate ancestors the principal part, _s_.
+
+"Hence, in giving a friendly invitation to dinner, it is common to say,
+'Will you come and tak your _kail_ wi' me?' This, as a learned friend
+observes, resembles the French invitation, _Voulez vous venir manger la
+soupe chez moi!_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE RIVER NILE.
+
+Ledyard, in his _Travels_, speaks thus contemptuously of this celebrated
+wonder:--"This is the mighty, the sovereign of rivers--the vast Nile
+that has been metamorphosed into one of the wonders of the world! Let me
+be careful how I read, and, above all, how I read ancient history. You
+have heard, and read too, much of its inundations. If the thousands of
+large and small canals from it, and the thousands of men and machines
+employed to transfer, by artificial means, the water of the Nile to the
+meadows on its banks--if this be the inundation that is meant, it is
+true; any other is false; it is not an inundating river."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Jewish children to this day celebrate the fall and death of Haman,
+and on that anniversary represent the blows which they would fain deal
+on his scull, by striking with envenomed fury on the floor with wooden
+hammers. This observance was but very lately forbidden in the Grand
+Duchy of Baden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TRAVELLING FOLLIES.
+
+"Many gentlemen," says an old English author, "coming to their lands
+sooner than to their wits, adventure themselves to see the fashion of
+other countries; whence they see the world, as Adam had knowledge of
+good and evil, with the loss or lessening of their estate in this
+English Paradise; and bring home a few smattering terms, flattering
+garbs, apish carriages, foppish fancies, foolish guises and disguises,
+the vanities of neighbour nations."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Spaniards are infinitely more careful than the French, and other
+nations, in planting trees, and in taking care of them; for it rarely
+happens, when a Spaniard eats fruit in a wood or in the open country,
+that he does not set the stones or the pips; and thus in the whole of
+their country an infinite number of fruit-trees of all kinds are found;
+whereas, in the French quarters you meet with none--_Labat._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PAINTING.
+
+It is painful to think how soon the paintings of Raphael, and Titian,
+and Correggio, and other illustrious men will perish and pass away. "How
+long," said Napoleon to David, "will a picture last?" "About four or
+five hundred years!--a fine immortality!" The poet multiplies his works
+by means of a cheap material--and Homer, and Virgil, and Dante, and
+Tasso, and Moliere, and Milton, and Shakspeare, may bid oblivion
+defiance; the sculptor impresses his conceptions on metal or on marble,
+and expects to survive the wreck of nations and the wrongs of time; but
+the painter commits to perishable cloth or wood the visions of his
+fancy, and dies in the certain assurance that the life of his works will
+be but short in the land they adorn.--_For. Rev._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A Chinese novelist, in describing his hero, says, "the air of the
+mountains and rivers had formed his body; his mind, like a rich piece of
+embroidery, was worthy of his handsome face!" Pity he has not been
+introduced among our "fashionable novels."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHRENOLOGY.
+
+In 1805, Dr. Gall, the celebrated phrenologist, visited the prison of
+Berlin in the course of his experimental travels to establish his
+theories. On April 17, in the presence of many witnesses, he was shown
+upwards of two hundred culprits, of whom he had never heard till that
+moment, and to whose crimes and dispositions he was a total stranger.
+Dr. Gall immediately pointed out, as a general feature in one of the
+wards, an extraordinary development in the region of the head where the
+organ of theft is situated, and in fact every prisoner there was a
+thief. Some children, also detained for theft, were then shown to him;
+and in them, too, the same organ was very prominent. In two of them
+particularly it was excessively large; and the prison-registers
+confirmed his opinion that these two were most incorrigible. In another
+room, where the women were kept apart, he distinguished one drest
+exactly like the others, occupied like them, and differing in no one
+thing but in the form of her head. "For what reason is this woman here,"
+asked Gall, "for her head announces no propensity to theft?" The answer
+was, "She is the inspectress of this room." One prisoner had the organs
+of benevolence and of religion as strongly developed as those of theft
+and cunning; and his boast was, that he never had committed an act of
+violence, and that it was repugnant to his feelings to rob a church. In
+a man named Fritze, detained for the murder of his wife, though his
+crime was not proved, the organs of cunning and firmness were fully
+developed; and it was by these that he had eluded conviction. In
+Maschke, he found the organ of the mechanical arts, together with a head
+very well organized in many respects; and his crime was coining. In
+Troppe he saw the same organ. This man was a shoemaker, who, without
+instruction, made clocks and watches, to gain a livelihood in his
+confinement. On a nearer inspection, the organ of imitation was found to
+be large. "If this man had ever been near a theatre," said Gall, "he
+would in all probability have turned actor." Troppe, astonished at the
+accuracy of this sentence, confessed that he had joined a company of
+strolling players for six months. His crime, too, was having personated
+a police-officer, to extort money. The organs of circumspection,
+prurience, foresight, were sadly deficient in Heisig, who, in a drunken
+fit, had stabbed his best friend. In some prisoners he found the organ
+of language, in others of colour, in others of mathematics; and his
+opinion in no single instance failed to be confirmed by the known
+talents and dispositions of the individual.--_For. Q. Rev._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SAVING HABITS OF THE ENGLISH.
+
+According to the House of Commons' returns in 1815, there were no fewer
+than 925,439 individuals in England and Wales, being about
+_one-eleventh_ of the then existing population, members of _Friendly
+Societies_, formed for the express purpose of affording protection to
+the members during sickness and old age, and enabling them to subsist
+without resorting to the parish funds. "No such unquestionable proof of
+the prevalence of a spirit of providence and independence can be
+exhibited in any other European country." We have to add, that these
+must be the happiest people in the social scale.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In the year 1300, Giovanni Cimabue
+and Giotto, both of Florence, were the
+first to assert the natural dignity and originality
+of art, and the story of those
+illustrious friends is instructive and romantic.
+The former was a gentleman
+by birth and scholarship, and brought to
+his art a knowledge of the poetry and
+sculpture of Greece and Rome. The latter
+was _a shepherd_; when the inspiration
+of art fell upon him, he was watching his
+flocks among the hills, and his first attempts
+in art were to draw his sheep and
+goats upon rocks and stones. It happened
+that Cimabue, who was then high
+in fame, observed the sketches of the
+gifted shepherd; entered into conversation
+with him; heard from his own lips his
+natural notions of the dignity of art; and
+was so much charmed by his compositions
+and conversation, that he carried
+him to Florence, and became his close
+and intimate friend and associate. They
+found Italian painting rude in form, and
+without spirit and without sentiment;
+they let out their own hearts fully in their
+compositions, and to this day their works
+are highly esteemed for grave dignity of
+character, and for originality of conception.
+Of these great Florentines, Giotto, the
+shepherd, is confessedly the more eminent;
+in him we see the dawn, or rather
+the sunrise, of the fuller light of Raphael.
+--_For. Rev._
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A REAL HERO.
+
+In a _recherche_ article in the _Foreign Quarterly Review_ we meet with
+the following marvellous story of Sterkodder, a sort of giant-killing
+hero of the North, who, having reached his 90th year, became infirm,
+blind, and eager to die. To leave the world in a natural way was out of
+the question; and to be dispatched to the Hall of Odin by an ignoble
+hand was scarcely less to be dreaded. Leaning on two crutches, with a
+sword at each side, he waited for some one to give him the mortal
+stroke. To tempt the avarice of such a one, he suspended from his neck a
+valuable gold chain. He slew a peasant passing, who, rallying him on his
+infirm state, had ventured to beg one of his swords, as neither could
+any longer be of service to him. At last his good fortune brought him a
+worthy executioner in Hather, the son of a prince whom he had slain. The
+young hero was hunting, and seeing the old man, he ordered two of his
+attendants to tease him. Both lost their lives for their temerity. The
+prince then advanced; and the old man, after relating his great actions,
+desired the former to kill him. To make the inducement stronger, he
+displayed the golden chain, which would be the reward of the deed; and
+to excite his rage, as well as avarice, he avowed that it was he who had
+slain the late prince, and that revenge was the sacred duty of the son.
+Influenced by both considerations, the latter consented to behead him.
+Sterkodder exhorted him to strike manfully. The head was accordingly
+severed from the body at a single blow; and as it touched the earth, the
+teeth fastened themselves furiously in the ground.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WORKHOUSES
+
+Were first erected in England in the year 1723, when they had an instant
+and striking effect in reducing the number of poor. Indeed the aversion
+of the poor to workhouses was so great, that Sir F.M. Eden mentions that
+some proposed, by way of weakening this aversion, "to call workhouses by
+some softer and more inoffensive name." Previously to this date, it had
+been customary to relieve the able-bodied poor at their own houses.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MARRIAGES IN CHINA
+
+Are effected through the assistance of go-betweens, who enjoy, however,
+a very different repute from those of Europe, inasmuch as, among the
+former, the employ is of the most honourable character.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There are 300 palaces at Rome, of which 65 only are worth seeing, and
+these are defined to be houses which have arched gateways into which
+carriages can drive. Some of these palaces contain pictures and statues
+worth 130 or 160,000_l_., but with scarce a window whose panes are all
+whole, or a clean staircase.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HORRORS OF THE INQUISITION IN SPAIN.
+
+Endless was the catalogue of most pious men and eminent scholars who
+underwent purification, as it is termed, in this den of superstition and
+tyranny. The culprit was not permitted to speak with his attorney,
+except in the presence of the inquisitor and a notary, who took notes,
+and certified what passed; and so far from the names of the informer or
+of the witnesses being supplied, every thing that could facilitate the
+explanation of them was expunged from the declarations; and the
+prisoners, one and all, in these dungeons might truly exclaim, with Fray
+Luis de Leon, "I feel the pain, but see not the hand which inflicts
+it." Even in the early days of the inquisition, torture was carried to
+such an extent, that Sextus IV., in a brief published Jan. 29, 1482,
+could not refrain from deploring the wellknown truth, in lamentations
+which were re-echoed from all parts of Christendom. The formula of the
+sentence of torture began thus, _Christo nomine invocato_; and it was
+therein expressed, that the torture should endure as long as it pleased
+the inquisitors; and a protest was added, that, if during the torture
+the culprit should die, or be maimed, or if effusion of blood or
+mutilation of limb should ensue, the fault should be chargeable to the
+culprit, and not to the inquisitors. The culprit was bound by an oath of
+secresy, strengthened by fearful penalties, not to divulge any thing
+that he had seen, known, or heard, in the dismal precincts of that
+unholy tribunal--a secresy illegal and tyrannical, but which constituted
+the soul of that monstrous association, and by which its judges were
+sheltered against all responsibility.--_For. Rev._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+COLONIZATION.
+
+In the colonization of the West Indies, "when a city was to be founded,
+the first form prescribed was, with all solemnity, to erect a gallows,
+as the first thing needful; and in laying out the ground, a site was
+marked for the prison as well as for the church."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"An attempt to handle the English law of evidence, in its former state,"
+says the _Edinburgh Review_, "was like taking up a hedgehog--all
+points!"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Man is not quite so manageable in the hands of science as boiling water
+or a fixed star.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PICTURE OF CONSTANTINOPLE.
+
+_(From the French of Lebrun.)_
+
+Queen of the Morn! Sultana of the East!
+City of wonders, on whose sparkling breast,
+Fair, slight, and tall, a thousand palaces
+Fling their gay shadows over golden seas!
+Where towers and domes bestud the gorgeous land,
+And countless masts, a mimic forest stand;
+Where cypress shades the minaret's snowy hue,
+And gleams of gold dissolve in skies of blue,
+Daughter of Eastern art, the most divine--
+Lovely, yet faithless bride of Constantine--
+Fair Istamboul, whose tranquil mirror flings
+Back with delight thy thousand colourings,
+And who no equal in the world dost know,
+Save thy own image pictured thus below!
+
+Dazzled, amazed, our eyes half-blinded, fail,
+While sweeps the phantasm past our gliding sail--
+Like as in festive scene, some sudden light
+Rises in clouds of stars upon the night.
+Struck by a splendour never seen before,
+Drunk with the perfumes wafted from the shore,
+Approaching near these peopled groves, we deem
+That from enchantment rose the gorgeous dream,
+Day without voice, and motion without sound,
+Silently beautiful! The haunted ground
+Is paved with roofs beyond the bounds of sight,
+Countless, and coloured, wrapped in golden light.
+'Mid groves of cypress, measureless and vast,
+In thousand forms of circles--crescents--cast,
+Gold glitters, spangling all the wide extent,
+And flashes back to heaven the rays it sent.
+Gardens and domes, bazaars begem the woods;
+Seraglios, harems--peopled solitudes,
+Where the veil'd idol kneels; and vistas, through
+Barr'd lattices, that give the enamoured view,
+Flowers, orange-trees, and waters sparkling near,
+And black and lovely eyes,--Alas, that Fear,
+At those heaven-gates, dark sentinel should stand,
+To scare even Fancy from her promised land!
+
+_Foreign Quar. Rev._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE SKETCH BOOK.
+
+THE MYSTERIOUS TAILOR.
+
+_A Romance of High Holborn._
+
+_(Concluded from page 46.)_
+
+
+On recovering from my stupor, I found myself with a physician and two
+apothecaries beside me, in bed at the George Inn, Ramsgate. I had been,
+it seems, for two whole days delirious, during which pregnant interval I
+had lived over again all the horrors of the preceding hours. The wind
+sang in my ears, the phantom forms of the unburied flitted pale and
+ghastly before my eyes. I fancied that I was still on the sea; that the
+massive copper-coloured clouds which hovered scarcely a yard overhead,
+were suddenly transformed into uncouth shapes, who glared at me from
+between saffron chinks, made by the scudding wrack; that the waters
+teemed with life, cold, slimy, preternatural things of life; that their
+eyes after assuming a variety of awful expressions, settled down into
+that dull frozen character, and their voices into that low, sepulchral,
+indefinable tone, which marked the Mysterious Tailor. This wretch was
+the Abaddon of my dreamy Pandaemonium. He was ever before me; he lent an
+added splendour to the day, and deepened the midnight gloom. On the
+heights of Bologne I saw him; far away over the foaming waters he
+floated still and lifeless beside me, his eye never once off my face,
+his voice never silent in my ear.
+
+My tale would scarcely have an end, were I to repeat but the one half of
+what during two brief days (two centuries in suffering) I experienced
+from this derangement of the nervous system. My readers may fancy that I
+have exaggerated my state of mind: far from it, I have purposely
+softened down the more distressing particulars, apprehensive, if not of
+being discredited, at least of incurring ridicule. Towards the close of
+the third day my fever began to abate, I became more sobered in my turn
+of thought, could contrive to answer questions, and listen with
+tolerable composure to my landlord's details of my miraculous
+preservation. The storm was slowly rolling off my mind, but the swell
+was still left behind it. The fourth day found me so far recovered, that
+I was enabled to quit my chamber, sit beside an open window, and derive
+amusement from the uncouth appearance of a Dutch crew, whose brig was
+lying at anchor in the harbour. From this time forward, every hour
+brought fresh accession to my strength, until at the expiration of the
+tenth day--so sudden is recovery in cases of violent fever when once the
+crisis is passed--I was sufficiently restored to take my place by a
+night-coach for London. The first few stages I endured tolerably well,
+notwithstanding that I had somewhat rashly ventured upon an outside
+place; but as midnight drew on, the wind became so piercingly keen,
+accompanied every now and then by a squally shower of sleet, that I was
+glad to bargain for an inside berth. By good luck, there was just room
+enough left for one, which I instantly appropriated, in spite of sundry
+hints _hemmed_ forth by a crusty old gentleman, that the coach was full
+already. I took my place in the coach, to the dissatisfaction of those
+already seated there. Not a word was spoken for miles: for the
+circumstance of its being dark increased the distrust of all, and, in
+the firm conviction that I was an adventurer, they had already, I make
+no doubt, buttoned up their pockets, and diligently adjusted their
+watch-chains. In a short time, this reserve wore away. From this moment
+the conversation became general. Each individual had some invalid story
+to relate, and I too, so far forgot my usual taciturnity as to indulge
+my hearers with a detail of my late indisposition--of its origin in the
+Mysterious Tailor--of the wretch's inconceivable persecution--of the
+fiendish peculiarities of his appearance--of his astonishing ubiquity,
+and lastly, of my conviction that he was either more or less than man.
+Scarcely had the very uncourteous laughter that accompanied this
+narrative concluded, when a low, intermittent snore, proceeding from a
+person close at my elbow, challenged my most serious notice. The sound
+was peculiar--original--unearthly--and reminded me of the same music
+which had so harrowed my nerves at Bologne. Yet it could not surely be
+he--he, the very thoughts of whom now sent a thrill through every vein.
+Oh, no! it must be some one else--there were other harmonious
+sternutators beside him, he could not be the only nasal nightingale in
+the three kingdoms. While I thus argued the matter, silently, yet
+suspiciously, a wandering gleam of day, streaming in at the coach
+windows, faintly lit up a nose the penultimate peculiarities of which
+gave a very ominous turn to my reflections. In due time this light
+became more vivid; and beneath its encouraging influence, first, a pair
+of eyes--then two sallow, juiceless cheeks, then an upper lip, then a
+projecting chin; and lastly, the entire figure of the Mysterious Tailor
+himself, whose head, it seems, had hitherto been folded, bird-like, upon
+his breast, grew into atrocious distinctness, while from the depths of
+the creature's throat came forth the strangely-solemn whisper, "touching
+that little account." For this once, indignation got the better of
+affright. "Go where I will," I exclaimed, passionately interrupting him,
+"I find I cannot avoid you, you have a supernatural gift of
+omnipresence, but be you fiend or mortal I will now grapple with you;"
+and accordingly snatching at that obnoxious feature which, like the tail
+of the rattle-snake, had twice warned me of its master's fatal presence,
+I grasped it with such zealous good will, that had it been of mortal
+manufacture it must assuredly have come off in my hands. Aroused by the
+laughter of my fellow passengers, the coachman--who was just preparing
+to mount, after having changed horses at Dartford--abruptly opened the
+door, on which I as abruptly jumped out; and after paying my fare the
+whole way to town, and casting on the fiend a look of "inextinguishable
+hatred," made an instant retreat into the inn. About the middle of the
+next day I reached London, and without a moment's pause hurried to the
+lodgings of my beforementioned friend C----. Luckily he was at home, but
+started at the strange forlorn figure that presented itself. And well
+indeed he might. My eye-balls were glazed and bloody, my cheeks white as
+a shroud, my mouth a-jar, my lips blue and quivering. "For God's sake,
+C----," I began, vouchsafing no further explanation, "lend me--(I
+specified the sum)--or I am ruined; that infernal, inconceivable Tailor
+has--." C----smilingly interrupted me by an instant compliance with my
+demand; on which, without a moment's delay, I bounded off, breathless
+and semi-frantic, towards my arch fiend's Pandaemonium at High Holborn.
+I cannot--cannot say what I felt as I crossed over from Drury-lane
+towards his den, more particularly when, on entering, I beheld the demon
+himself behind his counter--calm, moveless, and sepulchral, as if
+nothing of moment had occurred; as if he were an every-day dun, or I an
+every-day debtor. The instant he espied me, a sardonic smile, together
+with that appalling dissyllable, "touching" (which I never to this day
+hear, see, or write without a shudder) escaped him; but before he could
+close his oration, I had approached, trembling with rage and reverence,
+towards him, and, thrusting forth the exact sum, was rushing from his
+presence, when he beckoned me back for a receipt. A receipt, and from
+him too! It was like taking a receipt for one's soul from Satan!!
+
+The reader will doubtless conclude that, now at least, having
+satisfactorily settled his demands, I had done with my Tormentor for
+ever. This inference is in part correct. I followed up my vocation with
+an energy strangely contrasted with my recent indifference, was early
+and late in the schools, and for three months pursued this course with
+such ardour, that my adventures with the Mysterious Tailor, though not
+forgotten, were yet gradually losing their once powerful hold on my
+imagination. This was precisely the state of my feelings, when early one
+autumnal morning, just seven months from the date of my last visit to
+High Holborn, I chanced to be turning down Saint Giles's Church, on my
+way to--Hospital. I had nothing to render me more than usually pensive;
+no new vexations, no sudden pecuniary embarrassment; yet it so happened,
+that on this particular morning I felt a weight at my heart, and a cloud
+on my brain, for which I could in no way account. As I passed along
+Broad Street, I made one or two bold attempts to rally. I stared
+inquisitively at the different passers by, endeavouring, by a snatch at
+the expression of their faces, to speculate on the turn of their minds,
+and the nature of their occupations; I then began to whistle and hum
+some lively air, at the same time twirling my glove with affected
+unconcern; but nothing would do; every exertion I made to appear
+cheerful, not only found no answering sympathy from within, but even
+exaggerated by constrast my despondency. In this condition I reached
+Saint Giles's Church. A crowd was assembled at the gate opposite its
+entrance, and presently the long surly toll of the death-bell--that
+solemn and oracular memento--announced that a funeral was on the eve of
+taking place. The funeral halted at the entrance gate, where the coffin
+was taken from the hearse, and and thence borne into the chancel. This
+ceremony concluded, the procession again set forth towards the home
+appointed for the departed in a remote quarter of the church-yard. And
+now the interest began in reality to deepen. As the necessary
+preparations were making for lowering the coffin into earth, the
+mourners--even those who had hitherto looked unmoved--pressed gradually
+nearer, and with a momentary show of interest, to the grave. Such is the
+ennobling character of death.
+
+The preparations were by this time concluded, and nothing now remained
+but the last summons of the sexton. At this juncture, while the coffin
+was being lowered into its resting place, my eyes, accidentally, it may
+be said, but in reality by some fatal instinct, fell full upon the lid,
+on which I instantly recognised a name, long and fearfully known to
+me--the name of the Mysterious Tailor of High Holborn. Oh, how many
+thrilling recollections did this one name recal? The rencontre in the
+streets of London--the scene at the masquerade--the meeting at
+Bologne--the storm--the shipwreck--the sinking vessel--the appearance at
+that moment of _the man_ himself--the subsequent visions of mingled
+fever and insanity: all, all now swept across my mind, as for the last
+time I gazed on the remains of him who was powerless henceforth for
+ever. In a few minutes one little span of earth would keep down that
+strange form which seemed once endowed with ubiquity. That wild
+unearthly voice was mute; that wandering glance was fixed; a seal was
+set upon those lips which eternity itself could not remove. Yes, my
+Tormentor--my mysterious--omnipresent Tormentor was indeed gone; and in
+that one word, how much of vengeance was forgotten! I was roused from
+this reverie by the hollow sound of the clay as it fell dull and heavy
+on the coffin-lid. The poor sleeper beneath could not hear it, it is
+true; his slumber, henceforth, was sound; the full tide of human
+population pressing fast beside the spot where he lay buried, should
+never wake him more: no human sorrow should rack his breast, no dream
+disturb his repose; yet cold, changed, and senseless as he was, the
+first sound of the falling clods jarred strange and harsh upon my ear,
+as if it must perforce awake him. In this feverish state of mind I
+quitted the church-yard, and, on my road home, passed by the shop where
+I had first met with the deceased. It was altered--strangely altered--to
+my mind, revoltingly so. Its quaint antique character, its dingy
+spectral look were gone, and there was even a studied air of
+cheerfulness about it, as if the present proprietor were anxious to
+obliterate every association, however slight, that might possibly remind
+him of the past. The former owner had but just passed out, his ashes
+were scarcely cold, and already his name was on the wane. Yet this is
+human nature. So trifling, in fact, is the gap caused by our absence in
+society, that there needs no patriotic Curtius to leap into it; it
+closes without a miracle the instant it is made, and none but a
+disinterested Undertaker knows or cares for whom tolls our passing bell.
+
+_Monthly Magazine._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SPIRIT OF THE
+
++PUBLIC JOURNALS.+
+
+
+THE TOUR OF DULNESS.
+
+From her throne of clouds, as Dulness look'd
+  On her foggy and favour'd nation,
+She sleepily nodded her poppy-crown'd head,
+And gently waved her sceptre of lead,
+  In token of approbation.
+
+For the north-west wind brought clouds and gloom,
+  Blue devils on earth, and mists in the air;
+Of parliamentary prose some died,
+Some perpetrated suicide,
+  And her empire flourish'd there.
+
+The Goddess look'd with a gracious eye
+  On her ministers great and small;
+But most she regarded with tenderness
+Her darling shrine, the Minerva Press,
+  In the street of Leadenhall.
+
+This was her sacred haunt, and here
+  Her name was most adored,
+Her chosen here officiated.
+And hence her oracles emanated,
+  And breathed the Goddess in every word.
+
+She pass'd from the east to the west, and paused
+  In New Burlington-street awhile,
+To inspire a few puffs for Colburn and Co.
+And indite some dozen novels or so
+  In the fashionable style.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Then turning her own Magazine to inspect,
+  She was rather at fault, as of late
+The colour and series both were new;
+But the Goddess, with discernment true,
+  Detected it by the weight.
+
+She cross'd the Channel next, and peep'd
+  At Dublin; but the zeal
+Of the liberty boys soon put her to flight.
+And she dropp'd her mantle in her fright,
+  Which fell on Orator Shiel.
+
+Thence sped she to the Land of Cakes,
+  The land she loves and its possessors;
+She loves its Craniologists,
+Political Economists,
+  And all Scotch _mists_ and Scotch Professors.
+
+And chiefly she on McCulloch smiled,
+As a mother smiles on her darling child,
+  Or a lady on her lover;
+Then, bethinking her of Parliament,
+She hasten'd South, but ere she went,
+She promised if nothing occurr'd to prevent,
+  To return when the Session was over.
+
+_Blackwood's Magazine._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CANNIBALISM.
+
+In great cities, cannibalism takes an infinite variety of shapes. In the
+neighbourhood of St. James's-street there are numerous slaughter-houses,
+where men are daily consumed by the operation of cards and dice; and
+where they are caught by the same bait, at which Quin said he should
+have infallibly bitten. A similar process is likewise carried on in
+'Change Alley, on a great scale; not to speak of that snare especially
+set for widows and children, called a "joint stock speculation." But
+your cannibal of cannibals is a parliament patron. Here, a great borough
+proprietor swallows a regiment at a single gulp; and there, the younger
+son of a lord ruminates over a colony till the very crows cannot find a
+dinner in it; and there again, a duke or a minister, himself and his
+family, having first "supped full of horrors," casts a diocese to the
+side-table, to be mumbled at leisure by his son's tutor. The town is
+occasionally very indignant and very noisy against the gouls of
+Surgeons' Hall, because they live upon the dead carcasses of their
+fellow-creatures; while, strange to say, it takes but little account of
+the hordes of wretches who openly, and in the face of day, hunt down
+living men in their nefarious dealings as porter brewers, quack doctors,
+informers, attorneys, manufacturers of bean flour, alum, and Portland
+stone; and torture their subjects like so many barbacued pigs, in the
+complicated processes of their cookery.--_New Month. Mag._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIGNS OF THE TIMES.
+
+"They say this town is full of cozenage,
+As nimble jugglers that deceive the eye,
+Disguised cheaters, prating mountebanks,
+And many such like libertines of sin."
+SHAKSPEARE.
+
++Caveat emptor+! This is the age of fraud, imposture, substitution,
+transmutation, adulteration, abomination, contamination, and many others
+of the same sinister ending, always excepting purification. Every thing
+is debased and sophisticated, and "nothing is but what is not." All
+things are mixed, lowered, debased, deteriorated, by our cozening
+dealers and shopkeepers; and, bad as they are, there is every reason to
+fear that they are "mox daturos progeniem vitiosiorem." We wonder at the
+increase of bilious and dyspeptic patients, at the number of new books
+upon stomach complaints, at the rapid fortunes made by practitioners who
+undertake (the very word is ominous) to cure indigestion; but how can it
+be otherwise, when Accum, before he took to quoting with his scissors,
+assured us there was "poison in the pot;" when a recent writer has
+shown that there are still more deleterious ingredients in the
+wine-bottle; and when we ourselves have all had dismal intestine
+evidence that our bread is partly made of ground bones, alum, plaster of
+Paris; our tea, of aloe-leaves; our beer, of injurious drugs; our milk,
+of snails and chalk; and that even the water supplied to us by our
+companies is any thing rather than the real Simon Pure it professes to
+be. Not less earnestly than benevolently do our quack doctors implore us
+to beware of spurious articles; Day and Martin exhort us not to take our
+polish from counterfeit blacking: every advertiser beseeches the
+"pensive public" to be upon its guard against supposititious
+articles--all, in short, is knavery, juggling, cheating, and
+deception.--_Ibid._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Retrospective Gleanings
+
+SONNET
+
+BY HENRY TEONOE, A SEA CHAPLAIN IN THE REIGN OF CHARLES II.
+
+_Composed October the First, over against the East part of Candia._
+
+O! Ginnee was a bony lasse,
+  Which maks the world to woonder
+How ever it should com to passe
+  That wee did part a sunder.
+
+The driven snow, the rose so rare,
+  The glorious sunne above thee,
+Can not with my Ginnee compare,
+  She was so wonderous lovely.
+
+Her merry lookes, her forhead high,
+  Her hayre like golden-wyer,
+Her hand and foote, her lipe or eye,
+  Would set a saint on fyre.
+
+And for to give Giunee her due,
+  Thers no ill part about her;
+The turtle-dove's not half so true;
+  Then whoe can live without her?
+
+King Solomon, where ere he lay,
+  Did nere unbrace a kinder;
+O! why should Ginnee gang away,
+  And I be left behind her?
+
+Then will I search each place and roome
+  From London to Virginny,
+From Dover-peere to Scanderoone,
+  But I will finde my Ginny.
+
+But Ginny's turned back I feare,
+  When that I did not mind her;
+Then back to England will I steare,
+  To see where I can find her.
+
+And haveing Ginnee once againe,
+  If sheed doe her indeavour,
+The world shall never make us twaine--
+  Weel live and dye together.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SONG BY KING CHARLES II.
+
+_On the Duchess of Portsmouth leaving England._
+
+_(For the Mirror.)_
+
+Bright was the morning, cool the air,
+Serene was all the skies;
+When on the waves I left my dear,
+The center of my joys;
+Heav'n and nature smiling were.
+And nothing sad but I.
+
+Each rosy field their odours spread,
+All fragrant was the shore;
+Each river God rose from his bed,
+And sighing own'd her pow'r;
+Curling the waves they deck'd their heads,
+As proud of what they bore.
+
+Glide on ye waves, bear these lines,
+And tell her my distress;
+Bear all these sighs, ye gentle winds,
+And waft them to her breast;
+Tell her if e'er she prove unkind,
+I never shall have rest.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Anecdote Gallery
+
+VOLTAIRE.
+
+_(From various Authorities.)_
+
+The Chateau of Ferney, the celebrated residence of Voltaire, six miles
+from Geneva, is a place of very little picturesque beauty: its broad
+front is turned to the high road, without any regard to the prospect,
+and the garden is adorned with cut trees, parapet walls with
+flower-pots, jets d'eaux, &c. Voltaire's bed-room is shown in its
+pristine state, just as he left it in 1777, when, after a residence of
+twenty years, he went to Paris to enjoy a short triumph and die. Time
+and travellers have much impaired the furniture of light-blue silk, and
+the Austrians, quartered in the house during the late war, have not
+improved it; the bed-curtains especially, which for the last forty years
+have supplied each traveller with a precious little bit, hastily torn
+off, are of course in tatters. The bedstead is of common deal, coarsely
+put together; a miserable portrait of Le Kain, in crayons, hangs inside
+of the bed, and two others, equally bad, on each side, Frederic and
+Voltaire himself. Round the room are bad prints of Washington, Franklin,
+Sir Isaac Newton, and several other celebrated personages; the
+ante-chamber is decorated with naked figures, in bad taste; each of
+these rooms may be 12 feet by 15.
+
+Such is the narrative of an intelligent traveller, who recently visited
+Ferney. "Very few," says he, "remain alive, of those who saw the poet: a
+gardener who conducted us about the grounds had that advantage; he
+showed us the place where the theatre stood, filling the space on the
+left-hand side in entering, between the chateau and the chapel, but the
+inscription on the last, _Voltaire a Dieu_, was removed during the reign
+of terror. The _old_ gardener spoke favourably of his _old_ master, who
+was, he said, _bon homme tout-a-fait, bien charitable,_ and took an
+airing every morning in his coach and four."
+
+In the sitting-room, adjoining the bedroom, which he was accustomed to
+occupy, besides some good ancient paintings, is a very singular picture,
+which was painted according to Voltaire's direction. The principal
+personages are Voltaire, holding in his hand a roll of paper inscribed
+La Henriade; next him is a female personification of this favourite
+poem, whom he is presenting to Apollo crowned with rays of glory; Louis
+XIV. with his queen and court, are observing these chief figures. In
+another part, the Muses are crowning the burst of Voltaire with wreaths
+of flowers, and proposing to place it with those of other immortal
+authors in the Temple of Fame. The bottom of the picture is occupied by
+his enemies, who are being torn to pieces by wild beasts, or burning in
+flames of fire.
+
+In the bed-room is a marble cenotaph, on which is an urn that formerly
+contained the heart of Voltaire, which was removed several years ago,
+and placed in the church of Les Invalides at Paris. In this room also is
+an engraving of Voltaire's monument in the church-yard of Ferney. In
+this, four figures, representing the four quarters of the world, are
+preparing to honour his bust with wreaths of laurel and palms.
+Ignorance, meanwhile, with the wings of a fiend, armed with rods, is
+driving them away in the midst of their pacific employment, and
+extinguishing a lamp which burns above the tomb. It is a singular
+circumstance that Voltaire caused the church of Ferney to be built, as
+well as several houses in the village, and on an iron vane on the top of
+the former is inscribed, "_Deo erexit Voltaire_."
+
+After his escape from the court of Frederic, Voltaire went first to
+Lausanne, were he resided some years, and where he fitted up a private
+theatre; his acquaintances there supplied him with performers, of whom
+it seems he was proud, and who acted for him Zaire, Alzira, and several
+other plays. Some spirited drawings of Huber represent him behind the
+scene teaching, scolding, encouraging the actors; you might have thought
+you heard his loud _bravo_! The part of Lusignan was frequently filled
+by the poet himself, who was so much taken with it as to be seen in the
+morning at the door of his house already dressed for the stage. Voltaire
+had a hollow wooden voice, and his declamation had more pomp in it than
+nature; yet in the part of Trissotin, in the Femmes Savantes, he
+performed very well.
+
+From Lausanne, where he quarrelled with several persons, he went, in
+1755, to St. Jean, close to Geneva, and gave to the house he occupied
+the name of _Les Delices_, which it retains to this day. Ferney, which
+he bought soon after, became his permanent residence for twenty years.
+
+Strangers of distinction made a point of calling on the philosopher of
+Ferney, who for some years received their visits very willingly, giving
+them _fetes_ and plays; but he became tired of this, and at last would
+only see those who could amuse him while he amused them. A quaker from
+Philadelphia, called Claude Gay, travelling in Europe, stayed some time
+at Geneva; he was known as the author of some Theological works, and
+liked for his good sense, moderation, and simplicity. Voltaire heard of
+him, his curiosity was excited, and he desired to see him. The quaker
+felt great reluctance, but suffered himself at last to be carried to
+Ferney, Voltaire having promised before hand to his friends that he
+would say nothing that could give him offence. At first he was delighted
+with the tall, straight, handsome quaker, his broad-brimmed hat, and
+plain drab suit of clothes; the mild and serene expression of his
+countenance; and the dinner promised to go off very well; yet he soon
+took notice of the great sobriety of his guest, and made jokes, to which
+he received grave and modest answers. The patriarchs, and the first
+inhabitants of the earth were next alluded to; by and by he began to
+sneer at the historical proofs of Revelation; but Claude was not to be
+driven away from his ground, and while examining these proofs, and
+arguing upon them rationally, he overlooked the light attacks of his
+adversary, when not to the point, appeared insensible to his sarcasms
+and wit, and remained always cool and serious. Voltaire's vivacity at
+last turned to downright anger; his eyes flashed fire whenever they met
+the benign and placid countenance of the quaker, and the dispute went so
+far at last, that the latter, getting up, said, "Friend Voltaire!
+perhaps thou mayst come to understand these matters rightly; in the
+meantime, finding I can do thee no good, I leave thee, and so fare thee
+well!" So saying he went away on foot, notwithstanding all entreaties,
+back again to Geneva, leaving the whole company in consternation.
+Voltaire immediately retired to his own room. M. Huber,[8] who was
+present at this scene, made a drawing of the two actors.
+
+PHILO.
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
++THE GATHERER.+
+
+A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+SHAKSPEARE.
+
+
+SIR W. JONES AND MR. DAY.
+
+One day, upon removing some books at the chambers of Sir William Jones,
+a large spider dropped upon the floor, upon which Sir William, with some
+warmth, said, "Kill that spider, Day, kill that spider!" "No," said Mr.
+Day, with that coolness for which he was so conspicuous, "I will not
+kill that spider, Jones; I do not know that I have a right to kill that
+spider! Suppose when you are going in your coach to Westminster Hall, a
+superior being, who, perhaps may have as much power over you as you have
+over this insect, should say to his companion, 'Kill that lawyer! kill
+that lawyer!' how should you like that, Jones? and I am sure, to most
+people, a lawyer is a more noxious animal than a spider."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BISHOP
+
+In Cambridge, this title is not confined to the dignitaries of the
+church; but _port_ wine, made _copiously potable_ by being mulled and
+burnt, with the _addenda_ of roasted lemons all bristling like angry
+hedge-hogs (studded with cloves,) is dignified with the appellation of
+_Bishop_:
+
+Beneath some old oak, come and rest thee, my hearty;
+  Our foreheads with roses, oh! let us entwine!
+And, inviting young Bacchus to be of the party,
+  We'll drown all our troubles in oceans of wine!
+
+And perfumed with _Macassar_ or _Otto_ of roses,
+  We'll pass round the BISHOP, the spice-breathing cup,
+And take of that medicine such wit-breeding doses,
+  We'll knock _down_ the god, or he shall knock us _up_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GAZETTED AND IN THE GAZETTE.
+
+These terms imply very different things. The son of a nobleman is
+_gazetted_, as a cornet in a regiment, and all his friends rejoice. John
+Thomson is _in the Gazette_, and all his friends lament.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+UNFORTUNATE CASE.
+
+A zealous priest in the north of Ireland missed a constant auditor from
+his congregation, in which schism had already made depredations. "What
+keeps our friend Farmer B----away from us?" was the anxious question
+proposed by the vigilant minister to his assistant, "I have not seen him
+among us," continued he, "these three weeks; I hope it is not
+Protestantism that keeps him away," "No," was the reply, "it is worse
+than that." "Worse than Protestantism? God forbid it should,--Deism?"
+"No, worse than that." "Worse than Deism! good heavens, I trust it is
+not Atheism." "No, worse than Atheism!" "Impossible, nothing can be
+worse than Atheism!" "Yes, it is, your honour--_it is Rheumatism_!"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LIQUIDATING CLAIMS.
+
+During a remarkable wet summer, Joe Vernon, whose vocal taste and humour
+contributed for many years to the entertainment of the frequenters of
+Vauxhall Gardens, but who was not quite so good a _timist_ in money
+matters as in music, meeting an acquaintance who had the misfortune to
+hold some of his unhonoured paper, was asked by him, not uninterestedly,
+how the gardens were going on? "Oh, _swimmingly_!" answered the jocose
+Joe. "Glad to hear it," retorted the creditor, "their _swimming_ state,
+I hope, will cause the singers to _liquidate their notes_."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Mr. Samuel Deacon, a most respectable Baptist minister, who resided at
+Barton in Leicestershire, was not peculiarly happy in his cast of
+countenance or general appearance; conscious of the silly ridicule his
+unprepossessing _tout ensemble_ occasionally excited, he made the
+following good-humoured, quaint remark:--
+
+"The carcass that you look at so,
+Is not Sam Deacon, you must know,
+But 'tis the carriage--the machine,
+Which Samuel Deacon rideth in."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ADVANTAGES OF LOQUACITY
+
+A very pretty woman, who was tediously loquacious, complained one day to
+Madame de Sevigne, that she was sadly tormented by her lovers. "Oh,
+Madame," said Madame de Sevigne to her, with a smile, "it is very easy
+to get rid of them: you have only to speak."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD 143, Strand, (near Somerset House,)
+London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHEN, 626, New Market, Leipsic; and by all
+Newsman and Booksellers._
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[1] The old bridge was of wood, and 168 yards in length. It was the most
+ancient on the River Thames, except that of London, and is mentioned in
+a record of the 8th year of Henry III.
+
+[2] At the time the chapel fell, the sexton, while digging a grave was
+buried under the ruins, with another person, and his daughter. The
+latter, notwithstanding she lay covered seven hours, survived this
+misfortune seventeen years, and was her father's successor. The memory
+of this event is preserved by a print of this singular woman, engraved
+by M'Ardell.
+
+[3] The work is dedicated to Dr. Babington, "in remembrance of some
+delightful days passed in his society, and in gratitude for an
+uninterrupted friendship of a quarter of a century;" and in the preface
+the author, after saying that the characters are imaginary, intimates
+that "in the portrait of HALIEUS, given in the last dialogue, a
+likeness, he thinks, will not fail to be recognised to that of a most
+estimable physician, ardently beloved by his friends, and esteemed and
+venerated by the public."
+
+[4] In our last volume, this was erroneously attributed to Swift.
+
+[5] See page 370, vol. xi. MIRROR.
+
+[6] As "kill him, crimp him," &c.
+
+[[7]] The late worthy and scientific Wm. Reynolds, of the Bank, near
+Ketley.
+
+[8] M. Huber was the father of the author of a work on the economy of
+bees, and the grandfather of the author of a work on the economy of
+ants. The first M. Huber had a very peculiar talent for drawing; with
+his scissors he could cut a piece of paper into a representation of
+anything, as accurately, and as fast, and with as much spirit, as he
+might have delineated with his pencil either figures or landscapes.
+Voltaire was his favourite subject; and he is known to have taught his
+dog to bite off a piece of crumb of bread, which he held in his hand, so
+as to give it as last the appearance of Voltaire.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE 324 ***
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
+       Volume XII., No. 324, July 26, 1828
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: November 29, 2003 [EBook #10331]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE 324 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Sjaani and PG Distributed Proofreaders
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR
+
+OF
+
+LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+324.] SATURDAY, JULY 26, 1828. [Price 2_d_.
+
+Vol. XII
+
+[Illustration: KINGSTON NEW BRIDGE]
+
+
+
+
+KINGSTON NEW BRIDGE.
+
+Through many a bridge the wealthy river roll'd.
+SOUTHEY.
+
+The annexed picturesque engraving represents the new bridge[1] from
+Kingston-upon-Thames to Hampton-Wick, in the royal manor of Hampton
+Court. It is built of Portland stone, and consists of five elliptical
+arches, the centre arch being 60 feet span by 19 in height, and the side
+arches 56 and 52 feet span respectively. The abutments are terminated by
+towers or bastions, and the whole is surmounted by a cornice and
+balustrade, with galleries projecting over the pier; which give a bold
+relief to the general elevation. The length of the bridge is 382 feet by
+27 feet in width. It is of chaste Grecian architecture, from the design
+of Mr. Lapidge, to whose courtesy we are indebted for the original of
+our engraving. The building contract was undertaken by Mr. Herbert for
+£26,800. and the extra work has not exceeded £100. a very rare, if not
+an unprecedented occurrence in either public or private undertakings of
+this description. The first stone was laid by the Earl of Liverpool,
+November 7, 1825, and the bridge was opened in due form by her royal
+highness the Duchess of Clarence, on July 17, 1828.
+
+Kingston is one of the most picturesque towns on the banks of the
+Thames; and its antiquarian attractions are of the highest order. It was
+occupied by the Romans, and in aftertimes it was either a royal
+residence or a royal demesne, so early as the union of the Saxon
+Heptarchy; for there is a record extant of a council held there in 838,
+at which Egbert, the first king of all England, and his son Athelwolf
+were present; and in this record it is styled _Kyningenstum famosa ilia
+locus_. Some of our Saxon kings were also crowned here; and adjoining
+the church is a large stone, on which, according to tradition, they were
+placed during the ceremony. Many interesting relics have from time to
+time been discovered in illustration of these historical facts, and till
+the year 1730, the figures of some of the above kings and that of king
+John (who chartered the town) were preserved in a chapel adjoining the
+above spot. In that year, however, the chapel fell, and with it were
+demolished the royal _effigies_.[2] Mr. Lysons, with his usual accuracy,
+enumerates nine kings who were crowned here.
+
+Kingston formerly sent members to parliament, till, by petition, the
+inhabitants prayed to be relieved from the burden!
+
+At Hampton Wick, the village on the opposite bank, resided the witty but
+profligate Sir Richard Steele, in a house which he whimsically
+denominated "the hovel;" and "from the Hovel at Hampton Wick, April 7,
+1711," he dedicated the fourth volume of the _Tatler_ to Charles, Lord
+Halifax. This was probably about the time he became surveyor of the
+royal stables at Hampton Court, governor of the king's comedians, a
+justice of the peace for Middlesex, and a knight.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ARCHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY.
+
+The first Archbishop of Canterbury was Austin, appointed by King
+Ethelbert, on his conversion to Christianity, about the year 598. Before
+the coming of the Saxons into England, the Christian Britons had three
+Archbishops, viz. of London, York, and Caerleon, an ancient city of
+South Wales. The Britons being driven out of these parts, the
+Archbishoprick of London became extinct; and when Pope Gregory the Great
+had afterwards sent thither Augustine, and his fellow-labourer to preach
+the Gospel to the then heathen Saxons, the Archiepiscopal See was
+planted at Canterbury, as being the metropolis of the kingdom of Kent,
+where King Ethelbert had received the same St. Augustine, and with his
+kingdom was baptized, and embraced the doctrines of Christianity before
+the rest of the Heptarchy. The other Archbishoprick of Caerleon was
+translated to St. David's in Pembrokeshire, and afterwards wholly to the
+See of Canterbury; since which, all England and Wales reckon but two
+Archbishops, Canterbury and York. The following Archbishops have died at
+Lambeth Palace;--Wittlesey, in 1375; Kemp, 1453; Dean, 1504; all buried
+in Canterbury Cathedral: Cardinal Pole, 1558, after lying in state here
+40 days was buried at Canterbury; Parker, 1575, buried in Lambeth
+Chapel; Whitgift, 1604, buried at Croydon; Bancroft, 1610, buried at
+Lambeth; Juxon, 1663, buried in the chapel of St. John's College,
+Oxford; Sheldon, 1667, buried at Croydon; Tillotson, 1694, buried in the
+church of St. Laurence Jewry, London; Tennison, 1715; and Potter, 1747,
+both buried at Croydon; Seeker, 1768; Cornwallis, 1783, and Moore,
+1805, all buried at Lambeth. In 1381, the Archbishop, Simon of Sudbury,
+fell a victim to Wat Tyler and his crew, when they attacked Lambeth
+Palace.
+
+P. T. W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DAYS OF FLY FISHING.
+
+That an ex-president (Sir Humphry Davy) of the Royal Society should
+write a book on field sports may at first sight appear rather
+_unphilosophical_; although it is not more fanciful than Bishop
+Berkeley's volume on tar water, Bishop Watson's improvement in the
+manufacture of gunpowder, Sir Walter Scott writing a sermon, or a Scotch
+minister inventing a safety gun, and, as we are told, _presenting_ the
+same to the King in person. Be this as it may, since our first
+acquaintance with the "prince of piscators," the patriarch of anglers,
+Isaak Walton, it has seldom been our lot to meet with so pleasant a
+volume as _Salmonia, or Days of Fly Fishing_, to whose contents we are
+about to introduce our readers.
+
+In our last number we gave a _flying_ extract, entitled, "Superstitions
+on the Weather," being a fair specimen of the very agreeable manner of
+the digressions in the above work, which is, perhaps, less practical
+than it might have been; but this defect is more than atoned for in the
+author's felicitous mode of intermingling with the main subject, some of
+the most curious facts and phenomena in natural history and philosophy
+so as to familiarize the angler with many causes and effects which
+altogether belong to a higher class of reading than that of mere
+amusement. All this, too, is done in a simple, graceful, and flowing
+style, always amusive, and sometimes humorously illustrative--advantages
+which our philosophical writers do not generally exhibit, but which are
+more or less evident in every page of Sir Humphry Davy's writings.
+
+_Salmonia_ consists of a series of conversations between four
+characters--Halieus,[3] Poietes, Physicus, Ornither. In the "First Day"
+we have an ingenious vindication of fly fishing against the well-known
+satire of Johnson[4] and Lord Byron, and the following:--
+
+_Halieus._--A noble lady, long distinguished at court for pre-eminent
+beauty and grace, and whose mind possesses undying charms, has written
+some lines in my copy of Walton, which, if you will allow me, I will
+repeat to you:--
+
+Albeit, gentle Angler, I
+  Delight not in thy trade,
+Yet in thy pages there doth lie
+So much of quaint simplicity,
+    So much of mind,
+    Of such good kind.
+  That none need be afraid,
+Caught by thy cunning bait, this book,
+To be ensnared on thy hook.
+
+Gladly from thee, I'm lur'd to bear
+  With things that seem'd most vile before,
+For thou didst on poor subjects rear
+Matter the wisest sage might hear.
+    And with a grace,
+    That doth efface
+  More laboured works, thy simple lore
+Can teach us that thy skilful _lines_,
+More than the scaly brood _confines_.
+
+Our hearts and senses too, we see,
+  Rise quickly at thy master hand,
+And ready to be caught by thee
+Are lured to virtue willingly.
+    Content and peace,
+    With health and ease,
+  Walk by thy side. At thy command
+We bid adieu to worldly care.
+And joy in gifts that all may share.
+
+Gladly with thee, I pace along.
+  And of sweet fancies dream;
+Waiting till some inspired song,
+Within my memory cherished long,
+    Comes fairer forth.
+    With more of worth;
+  Because that time upon its stream
+Feathers and chaff will bear away,
+But give to gems a brighter ray.
+
+And though the charming and intellectual author of this poem is not an
+angler herself, yet I can quote the example of her lovely daughters to
+vindicate fly fishing from the charge of cruelty, and to prove that the
+most delicate and refined minds can take pleasure in this innocent
+amusement.
+
+Gay's passionate love for angling is well known; it was his principal
+occupation in the summer at Amesbury; and "the late excellent John
+Tobin, author of the _Honey Moon_, was an ardent angler." Among heroes,
+Trajan was fond of angling. Nelson was a good fly-fisher, and continued
+the pursuit even with his left hand; and, says the author, "I have known
+a person who fished with him at Merton, in the Wandle. Dr. Paley was so
+much attached to this amusement, that when the Bishop of Durham inquired
+of him when one of his most important works would be finished, he said,
+with great simplicity and good-humour, 'My lord, I shall work steadily
+at it when the fly-fishing season is over.'"--Then we have a poetical
+description of river scenery, till two of the party arrive at the
+following conclusions:--
+
+I have already admitted the danger of analyzing, too closely, the moral
+character of any of our field sports; yet I think it cannot be doubted
+that the nervous system of fish, and cold-blooded animals in general, is
+less sensitive than that of warm-blooded animals. The hook usually is
+fixed in the cartilaginous part of the mouth, where there are no nerves;
+and a proof that the sufferings of a hooked fish cannot be great is
+found in the circumstance, that though a trout has been hooked and
+played for some minutes, he will often, after his escape with the
+artificial fly in his mouth, take the natural fly, and feed as if
+nothing had happened; having apparently learnt only from the experiment,
+that the artificial fly is not proper for food. And I have caught pikes
+with four or five hooks in their mouths, and tackle which they had
+broken only a few minutes before; and the hooks seemed to have had no
+other effect than that of serving as a sort of _sauce piquante_, urging
+them to seize another morsel of the same kind.--The advocates for a
+favourite pursuit never want sophisms to defend it. I have even heard it
+asserted, that a hare enjoys being hunted. Yet I will allow that
+fly-fishing, after your vindication, appears amongst the least cruel of
+field sports.
+
+We must, however, confine ourselves to a few colloquial extracts from
+the _practical_ portion of the volume; as
+
+_Flies on the Wandle, &c._
+
+_Orn._--Surely the May-fly season is not the only season for day-fishing
+in this river? [the Wandle.]--_Hal._ Certainly not. There are as many
+fish to be taken, perhaps, in the spring fishing; but in this deep river
+they are seldom in good season till the May-fly has been on, and a
+fortnight hence they will be still better than even now. In September
+there may be good fish taken here; but the autumnal flies are less
+plentiful in this river than the spring flies--_Phys_, Pray tell me what
+are the species of fly which take in these two seasons.--_Hal_. You know
+that trout spawn or deposit their ova, &c. in the end of the autumn or
+beginning of winter, from the middle of November till the beginning of
+January, their maturity depending upon the temperature of the season,
+their quantity of food, &c. They are at least six weeks or two months
+after they have spawned before they recover their flesh; and the time
+when these fish are at the worst, is likewise the worst time for
+fly-fishing, both on account of the cold weather, and because there are
+fewer flies on the water than at any other season. Even in December and
+January there are a few small gnats or water-flies on the water in the
+middle of the day, in bright days, or when there is sunshine. These are
+generally black, and they escape the influence of the frost by the
+effects of light on their black bodies, and probably by the extreme
+rapidity of the motions of their fluids, and generally of their organs.
+They are found only at the surface of the water, where the temperature
+must be above the freezing point. In February a few double-winged
+water-flies, which swim down the stream, are usually found in the middle
+of the day, such as the willow-fly; and the cow-dung-fly is sometimes
+carried on the water by winds. In March there are several flies found on
+most rivers. The grannam, or green-tail-fly, with a wing like a moth,
+comes on generally morning and evening, from five till eight o'clock,
+A.M. in mild weather, in the end of March and through April. Then there
+are the blue and the brown, both ephemerae, which come on, the first in
+dark days, the second in bright days; these flies, when well imitated,
+are very destructive to fish. The first is a small fly, with a palish
+yellow body, and slender, beautiful wings, which rest on the back as it
+floats down the water. The second, called the cob in Wales, is three or
+four times as large, and has brown wings, which likewise protrude from
+the back, and its wings are shaded like those of a partridge, brown and
+yellow brown. These three kinds of flies lay their eggs in the water,
+which produce larvae that remain in the state of worms, feeding and
+breathing in the water till they are prepared for their metamorphosis,
+and quit the bottoms of the rivers, and the mud and stones, for the
+surface, and light and air. The brown fly usually disappears before the
+end of April, likewise the grannam; but of the blue dun there is a
+succession of different tints, or species, or varieties, which appear in
+the middle of the day all the summer and autumn long. These are the
+principal flies on the Wandle--the best and clearest stream near London.
+In early spring these flies have dark olive bodies; in the end of April
+and the beginning of May they are found yellow; and in the summer they
+become cinnamon coloured; and again, as the winter approaches, gain a
+darker hue. I do not, however, mean to say that they are the same flies,
+but more probably successive generations of ephemerae of the same
+species. The excess of heat seems equally unfavourable, as the excess of
+cold, to the existence of the smaller species of water-insects, which,
+during the intensity of sunshine, seldom appear in summer, but rise
+morning and evening only. The blue dun has, in June and July, a yellow
+body; and there is a water-fly which, in the evening, is generally found
+before the moths appear, called the red spinner. Towards the end of
+August, the ephemerae appear again in the middle of the day--a very
+pale, small ephemera, which is of the same colour as that which is seen
+in some rivers in the beginning of July. In September and October this
+kind of fly is found with an olive body, and it becomes darker in
+October and paler in November. There are two other flies which appear in
+the end of September and continue during October, if the weather be
+mild; a large yellow fly, with a fleshy body, and wings like a moth; and
+a small fly with four wings, with a dark or claret coloured body, that
+when it falls on the water has its wings like the great yellow fly, flat
+on its back. This, or a claret bodied fly, very similar in character,
+may be likewise found in March or April, on some waters. In this river I
+have often caught many large trout in April and the beginning of May,
+with the blue dun, having the yellow body; and in the upper part of the
+stream below St. Albans, and between that and Watford, I have sometimes,
+even as early as April, caught fish in good condition; but the _true_
+season for the Colne is the season of the May-fly. The same may be said
+of most of the large English rivers containing large trouts, and
+abounding in May-fly--such as the Test and the Kennett, the one running
+by Stockbridge, the other by Hungerford. But in the Wandle, at
+Carshalton and Beddington, the May-fly is not found; and the little
+blues are the constant, and, when well imitated, killing flies on this
+water; to which may be joined a dark alder-fly, and a red evening fly.
+In the Avon, at Ringwood and Fordingbridge, the May-fly is likewise a
+killing fly; but as this is a grayling river, the other flies,
+particularly the grannam and blue and brown, are good in spring, and the
+alder-fly or pale blue later, and the blue dun in September and October,
+and even November. In the streams in the mountainous parts of Britain,
+the spring and autumnal flies are by far the most killing. The Usk was
+formerly a very productive trout-stream, and the fish being well fed by
+the worms washed down by the winter floods, were often in good season,
+cutting red, in March and the beginning of April: and at this season the
+blues and browns, particularly when the water was a little stained after
+a small flood, afforded the angler good sport. In Herefordshire and
+Derbyshire, where trout and grayling are often found together, the same
+periods are generally best for angling; but in the Dove, Lathkill, and
+Wye, with the natural May-fly many fish may be taken; and in old times,
+in peculiarly windy days, or high and troubled water, even the
+artificial May-fly, according to Cotton, was very killing.
+
+Here we must end, at least _for the present_; but there is so much
+anecdotical pleasantry in _Salmonia_ that we might continue our extracts
+through many columns, and we are persuaded, to the gratification of the
+majority of our readers. Even when we announced the publication of this
+work a few weeks since, we were led to anticipate the delight it would
+afford many of our esteemed correspondents, especially our friend
+_W.H.H._, who has "caught about forty trout in two or three hours" in
+the rocky basins of Pot-beck, &c.[5]
+
+Sir Humphry Davy mentions the Wandle in Surrey, as we have quoted; but
+he does not allude to the trout-fishing in the Mole, in the Vale of
+Leatherhead in the same county. There are in the course of the work a
+few expressions which make humanity shudder, and would drive a
+Pythagorean to madness,[6] notwithstanding the ingenuity with which the
+author attempts to vindicate his favourite amusement.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SHROPSHIRE AND WELSH GIRLS.
+
+There are few Londoners who in their suburban strolls have failed to
+notice the scores of _female_ fruit-carriers by whose toil the markets
+are supplied with some of their choicest delicacies. As an interesting
+illustration of the meritorious character of these handmaids to luxury,
+I send you the following extract from Sir Richard Phillips's _Walk from
+London to Kew_.
+
+PHILO.
+
+In the strawberry season, hundreds of women are employed to carry that
+delicate fruit to market on their heads; and their industry in
+performing this task is as wonderful, as their remuneration is unworthy
+of the opulent classes who derive enjoyment from their labour. They
+consist, for the most part, of Shropshire and Welsh girls, who walk to
+London at this season in droves, to perform this drudgery, just as the
+Irish peasantry come to assist in the hay and corn harvests. I learnt
+that these women carry upon their heads baskets of strawberries or
+raspberries, weighing from forty to fifty pounds, and make two turns in
+the day, from Isleworth to market, a distance of thirteen miles each
+way; three turns from Brentford, a distance of nine miles; and four
+turns from Hammersmith, a distance of six miles. For the most part, they
+find some conveyance back; but even then these industrious creatures
+carry loads from twenty-four to thirty miles a-day, besides walking back
+unladen some part of each turn! Their remuneration for this unparalleled
+slavery is from 8_s_. to 9_s_. per day; each turn from the distance of
+Isleworth being 4_s_. or 4_s_. 6_d_.; and from that of Hammersmith 2_s_.
+or 2_s_. 3_d_. Their diet is coarse and simple, their drink, tea and
+small-beer; costing not above 1_s_. or 1_s_. 6_d_. and their back
+conveyance about 2_s_. or 2_s_. 6_d_.; so that their net gains are about
+5_s_. per day, which, in the strawberry season, of forty days, amounts
+to 10_l_. After this period the same women find employment in gathering
+and marketing vegetables, at lower wages, for other sixty days, netting
+about 5_l_. more. With this poor pittance they return to their native
+county, and it adds either to their humble comforts, or creates a small
+dowry towards a rustic establishment for life. Can a more interesting
+picture be drawn of virtuous exertion? Why have our poets failed to
+colour and finish it? More virtue never existed in their favourite
+shepherdesses than in these Welsh and Shropshire girls! For beauty,
+symmetry, and complexion, they are not inferior to the nymphs of
+Arcadia, and they far outvie the pallid specimens of Circassia! Their
+morals too are exemplary; and they often perform this labour to support
+aged parents, or to keep their own children from the workhouse! In keen
+suffering, they endure all that the imagination of a poet could desire;
+they live hard, they sleep on straw in hovels and barns, and they often
+burst an artery, or drop down dead from the effect of heat and
+over-exertion! Yet, such is the state of one portion of our female
+population, at a time when we are calling ourselves the most polished
+nation on earth.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+COLEBROOK-DALE IRON-WORKS--THE REYNOLDS'.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror_.)
+
+In the interesting extract you have given in your excellent Miscellany
+(No. 321) from Bakewell's Introduction to Geology, when speaking of the
+exhausted or impoverished state of the iron-ore and coals in Shropshire,
+&c., an allusion is made in a note to that truly excellent man, the late
+Mr. Richard Reynolds, and to the final extinction of the furnaces at
+Colebrook-Dale, which is not altogether correct.
+
+I beg leave, therefore, to point out the errors to you, and to add a
+fact or two more relating to that distinguished philanthropist and his
+family, which, perhaps, will not be unacceptable to many of your
+readers.
+
+Mr. Reynolds was by no means the _original_, nor, I believe, ever the
+_sole_ proprietor, of the iron-works in Colebrook-Dale, as stated by Mr.
+Bakewell; he derived his right in them from his wife's family the
+Darbies; and the firm of "Darby and Company" was the well known mark on
+the iron from these works for a very long period; more recently, that of
+"Colebrook-Dale Company" was adopted.
+
+The Darbies were an old and respectable family of the Society of
+Friends, and a pair of the elder branches of it were the original "Darby
+and Joan," whose names are so well known throughout the whole kingdom. I
+had this anecdote from one of the sons of Mr. Reynolds,[7] and have no
+doubt of its authenticity.
+
+It may not be generally known to your readers, perhaps, that the first
+iron bridge in England was projected at, and cast from, the furnaces of
+Colebrook-Dale, and erected over the Severn, near that place, about the
+year 1779; and, considering it to be the _first_ bridge of the kind, I
+feel little hesitation in stating it to be, even now, the most beautiful
+one. This structure, at that time thought to be a wonderful attempt, was
+the entire offspring of Mr. Reynolds' genius; it was planned, cast, and
+erected, under his immediate care and superintendance.
+
+I cannot suppose the reason given by your author for the discontinuance
+of the works at Colebrook-Dale to be correct, as there is another large
+furnace in the immediate neighbourhood, called "Madeley Wood Furnace"
+(also belonging to Mr. Reynolds's family), which was allowed to make,
+and, I believe, still makes, the best iron and steel in the United
+Kingdom. Mr. Reynolds had also other great iron-works at Ketley, since
+carried on by his two sons, William and Joseph, and still in high
+reputation, as to the quality of the iron made there; these are not more
+distant from Colebrook-Dale than six or seven miles, and between the two
+there are the extensive and highly valuable works of "Old Park," &c.,
+belonging to Mr. Botfield (so that the whole district abounds in the
+materials), which not having the advantage of the immediate vicinity of
+the Severn for conveyance, would have been more likely to have stopped
+from the circumstances stated in your extract; _viz._ the failure in
+quality or quantity of iron-stone, coals, or other necessary matter. The
+Colebrook-Dale fires must, therefore, I conceive, have ceased to blaze,
+and the blast of her furnaces to roar, from some other cause, and from
+some private reason of her late proprietors.
+
+Your constant reader,
+
+_Shrewsbury._ SALOPIENSIS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NOTES OF A READER.
+
+TRAGEDY.
+
+We do not see any necessary and natural connexion between death and the
+end of the third volume of a novel, or the conclusion of the fifth act
+of a play,--though that connexion in some modern novels, and in most
+English tragedies, seems to be assumed. Nor does it seem to follow,
+that, because death is the object of universal dread and aversion, and
+because terror is one of the objects of tragedy, death must, therefore,
+necessarily be represented; and not only so, but the more deaths the
+better. If it be true that familiarity has a tendency to create
+indifference, if not contempt, it must be considered prudent to have
+recourse to this strong exhibition as to drastic remedies in medicine,
+with caution and discrimination, and with a view to the continuance of
+its effect. We cannot help wishing that our own Shakspeare, who lays
+down such excellent rules for the guidance of actors, and cautions them
+so earnestly against "overstepping the modesty of nature," and the
+danger of "tearing passion to rags," had remembered, that the poet
+himself has certain limits imposed upon him, which he cannot transgress
+with impunity. We should not then have observed, in the perusal of some
+of his plays, the marginal notice of ["_dies_"] with about as much
+emotion as a note of exclamation; nor, when at the actual
+representation, we behold the few remaining persons of the drama
+scarcely able to cross the stage without stumbling over the bodies of
+their fallen companions, should we have felt our thoughts unavoidably
+wandering from the higher business and moral effect of the scene, to the
+mere physical and repelling images of fleshly mortality.--_Edinburgh
+Rev._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The inquiries of the committee appointed to devise means for the
+suppression of mendicity, leave us no reason to doubt that in an average
+of cases a London beggar made by "his trade" eighteen-pence per day, or
+twenty-seven pounds per annum!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_One-ninth_ of the whole population of Paris are wholly maintained by
+funds which the different bureaux of charity distribute for their
+relief; and still a countless horde of mendicants infest her streets,
+her quays, and all her public places.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Science and literature are "the nourishment of youth, the delight of
+age, the ornaments of prosperous life, the refuge and consolation of
+adversity, the companions of our weary travels, of our rural solitudes,
+of our sleepless nights."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The following quotation from _Jamieson's Scottish Dictionary_ points out
+the frugal and temperate Scot; and, in illustration, may be contrasted
+with the proverbial invitation of the better feeding English, "Will you
+come and take your mutton with me?"
+
+"KAIL, used metonimically for the whole dinner; as constituting among
+our temperate ancestors the principal part, _s_.
+
+"Hence, in giving a friendly invitation to dinner, it is common to say,
+'Will you come and tak your _kail_ wi' me?' This, as a learned friend
+observes, resembles the French invitation, _Voulez vous venir manger la
+soupe chez moi!_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE RIVER NILE.
+
+Ledyard, in his _Travels_, speaks thus contemptuously of this celebrated
+wonder:--"This is the mighty, the sovereign of rivers--the vast Nile
+that has been metamorphosed into one of the wonders of the world! Let me
+be careful how I read, and, above all, how I read ancient history. You
+have heard, and read too, much of its inundations. If the thousands of
+large and small canals from it, and the thousands of men and machines
+employed to transfer, by artificial means, the water of the Nile to the
+meadows on its banks--if this be the inundation that is meant, it is
+true; any other is false; it is not an inundating river."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Jewish children to this day celebrate the fall and death of Haman,
+and on that anniversary represent the blows which they would fain deal
+on his scull, by striking with envenomed fury on the floor with wooden
+hammers. This observance was but very lately forbidden in the Grand
+Duchy of Baden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TRAVELLING FOLLIES.
+
+"Many gentlemen," says an old English author, "coming to their lands
+sooner than to their wits, adventure themselves to see the fashion of
+other countries; whence they see the world, as Adam had knowledge of
+good and evil, with the loss or lessening of their estate in this
+English Paradise; and bring home a few smattering terms, flattering
+garbs, apish carriages, foppish fancies, foolish guises and disguises,
+the vanities of neighbour nations."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Spaniards are infinitely more careful than the French, and other
+nations, in planting trees, and in taking care of them; for it rarely
+happens, when a Spaniard eats fruit in a wood or in the open country,
+that he does not set the stones or the pips; and thus in the whole of
+their country an infinite number of fruit-trees of all kinds are found;
+whereas, in the French quarters you meet with none--_Labat._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PAINTING.
+
+It is painful to think how soon the paintings of Raphael, and Titian,
+and Correggio, and other illustrious men will perish and pass away. "How
+long," said Napoleon to David, "will a picture last?" "About four or
+five hundred years!--a fine immortality!" The poet multiplies his works
+by means of a cheap material--and Homer, and Virgil, and Dante, and
+Tasso, and Moliere, and Milton, and Shakspeare, may bid oblivion
+defiance; the sculptor impresses his conceptions on metal or on marble,
+and expects to survive the wreck of nations and the wrongs of time; but
+the painter commits to perishable cloth or wood the visions of his
+fancy, and dies in the certain assurance that the life of his works will
+be but short in the land they adorn.--_For. Rev._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A Chinese novelist, in describing his hero, says, "the air of the
+mountains and rivers had formed his body; his mind, like a rich piece of
+embroidery, was worthy of his handsome face!" Pity he has not been
+introduced among our "fashionable novels."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHRENOLOGY.
+
+In 1805, Dr. Gall, the celebrated phrenologist, visited the prison of
+Berlin in the course of his experimental travels to establish his
+theories. On April 17, in the presence of many witnesses, he was shown
+upwards of two hundred culprits, of whom he had never heard till that
+moment, and to whose crimes and dispositions he was a total stranger.
+Dr. Gall immediately pointed out, as a general feature in one of the
+wards, an extraordinary development in the region of the head where the
+organ of theft is situated, and in fact every prisoner there was a
+thief. Some children, also detained for theft, were then shown to him;
+and in them, too, the same organ was very prominent. In two of them
+particularly it was excessively large; and the prison-registers
+confirmed his opinion that these two were most incorrigible. In another
+room, where the women were kept apart, he distinguished one drest
+exactly like the others, occupied like them, and differing in no one
+thing but in the form of her head. "For what reason is this woman here,"
+asked Gall, "for her head announces no propensity to theft?" The answer
+was, "She is the inspectress of this room." One prisoner had the organs
+of benevolence and of religion as strongly developed as those of theft
+and cunning; and his boast was, that he never had committed an act of
+violence, and that it was repugnant to his feelings to rob a church. In
+a man named Fritze, detained for the murder of his wife, though his
+crime was not proved, the organs of cunning and firmness were fully
+developed; and it was by these that he had eluded conviction. In
+Maschke, he found the organ of the mechanical arts, together with a head
+very well organized in many respects; and his crime was coining. In
+Troppe he saw the same organ. This man was a shoemaker, who, without
+instruction, made clocks and watches, to gain a livelihood in his
+confinement. On a nearer inspection, the organ of imitation was found to
+be large. "If this man had ever been near a theatre," said Gall, "he
+would in all probability have turned actor." Troppe, astonished at the
+accuracy of this sentence, confessed that he had joined a company of
+strolling players for six months. His crime, too, was having personated
+a police-officer, to extort money. The organs of circumspection,
+prurience, foresight, were sadly deficient in Heisig, who, in a drunken
+fit, had stabbed his best friend. In some prisoners he found the organ
+of language, in others of colour, in others of mathematics; and his
+opinion in no single instance failed to be confirmed by the known
+talents and dispositions of the individual.--_For. Q. Rev._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SAVING HABITS OF THE ENGLISH.
+
+According to the House of Commons' returns in 1815, there were no fewer
+than 925,439 individuals in England and Wales, being about
+_one-eleventh_ of the then existing population, members of _Friendly
+Societies_, formed for the express purpose of affording protection to
+the members during sickness and old age, and enabling them to subsist
+without resorting to the parish funds. "No such unquestionable proof of
+the prevalence of a spirit of providence and independence can be
+exhibited in any other European country." We have to add, that these
+must be the happiest people in the social scale.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In the year 1300, Giovanni Cimabue
+and Giotto, both of Florence, were the
+first to assert the natural dignity and originality
+of art, and the story of those
+illustrious friends is instructive and romantic.
+The former was a gentleman
+by birth and scholarship, and brought to
+his art a knowledge of the poetry and
+sculpture of Greece and Rome. The latter
+was _a shepherd_; when the inspiration
+of art fell upon him, he was watching his
+flocks among the hills, and his first attempts
+in art were to draw his sheep and
+goats upon rocks and stones. It happened
+that Cimabue, who was then high
+in fame, observed the sketches of the
+gifted shepherd; entered into conversation
+with him; heard from his own lips his
+natural notions of the dignity of art; and
+was so much charmed by his compositions
+and conversation, that he carried
+him to Florence, and became his close
+and intimate friend and associate. They
+found Italian painting rude in form, and
+without spirit and without sentiment;
+they let out their own hearts fully in their
+compositions, and to this day their works
+are highly esteemed for grave dignity of
+character, and for originality of conception.
+Of these great Florentines, Giotto, the
+shepherd, is confessedly the more eminent;
+in him we see the dawn, or rather
+the sunrise, of the fuller light of Raphael.
+--_For. Rev._
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A REAL HERO.
+
+In a _recherché_ article in the _Foreign Quarterly Review_ we meet with
+the following marvellous story of Sterkodder, a sort of giant-killing
+hero of the North, who, having reached his 90th year, became infirm,
+blind, and eager to die. To leave the world in a natural way was out of
+the question; and to be dispatched to the Hall of Odin by an ignoble
+hand was scarcely less to be dreaded. Leaning on two crutches, with a
+sword at each side, he waited for some one to give him the mortal
+stroke. To tempt the avarice of such a one, he suspended from his neck a
+valuable gold chain. He slew a peasant passing, who, rallying him on his
+infirm state, had ventured to beg one of his swords, as neither could
+any longer be of service to him. At last his good fortune brought him a
+worthy executioner in Hather, the son of a prince whom he had slain. The
+young hero was hunting, and seeing the old man, he ordered two of his
+attendants to tease him. Both lost their lives for their temerity. The
+prince then advanced; and the old man, after relating his great actions,
+desired the former to kill him. To make the inducement stronger, he
+displayed the golden chain, which would be the reward of the deed; and
+to excite his rage, as well as avarice, he avowed that it was he who had
+slain the late prince, and that revenge was the sacred duty of the son.
+Influenced by both considerations, the latter consented to behead him.
+Sterkodder exhorted him to strike manfully. The head was accordingly
+severed from the body at a single blow; and as it touched the earth, the
+teeth fastened themselves furiously in the ground.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WORKHOUSES
+
+Were first erected in England in the year 1723, when they had an instant
+and striking effect in reducing the number of poor. Indeed the aversion
+of the poor to workhouses was so great, that Sir F.M. Eden mentions that
+some proposed, by way of weakening this aversion, "to call workhouses by
+some softer and more inoffensive name." Previously to this date, it had
+been customary to relieve the able-bodied poor at their own houses.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MARRIAGES IN CHINA
+
+Are effected through the assistance of go-betweens, who enjoy, however,
+a very different repute from those of Europe, inasmuch as, among the
+former, the employ is of the most honourable character.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There are 300 palaces at Rome, of which 65 only are worth seeing, and
+these are defined to be houses which have arched gateways into which
+carriages can drive. Some of these palaces contain pictures and statues
+worth 130 or 160,000_l_., but with scarce a window whose panes are all
+whole, or a clean staircase.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HORRORS OF THE INQUISITION IN SPAIN.
+
+Endless was the catalogue of most pious men and eminent scholars who
+underwent purification, as it is termed, in this den of superstition and
+tyranny. The culprit was not permitted to speak with his attorney,
+except in the presence of the inquisitor and a notary, who took notes,
+and certified what passed; and so far from the names of the informer or
+of the witnesses being supplied, every thing that could facilitate the
+explanation of them was expunged from the declarations; and the
+prisoners, one and all, in these dungeons might truly exclaim, with Fray
+Luis de Leon, "I feel the pain, but see not the hand which inflicts
+it." Even in the early days of the inquisition, torture was carried to
+such an extent, that Sextus IV., in a brief published Jan. 29, 1482,
+could not refrain from deploring the wellknown truth, in lamentations
+which were re-echoed from all parts of Christendom. The formula of the
+sentence of torture began thus, _Christo nomine invocato_; and it was
+therein expressed, that the torture should endure as long as it pleased
+the inquisitors; and a protest was added, that, if during the torture
+the culprit should die, or be maimed, or if effusion of blood or
+mutilation of limb should ensue, the fault should be chargeable to the
+culprit, and not to the inquisitors. The culprit was bound by an oath of
+secresy, strengthened by fearful penalties, not to divulge any thing
+that he had seen, known, or heard, in the dismal precincts of that
+unholy tribunal--a secresy illegal and tyrannical, but which constituted
+the soul of that monstrous association, and by which its judges were
+sheltered against all responsibility.--_For. Rev._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+COLONIZATION.
+
+In the colonization of the West Indies, "when a city was to be founded,
+the first form prescribed was, with all solemnity, to erect a gallows,
+as the first thing needful; and in laying out the ground, a site was
+marked for the prison as well as for the church."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"An attempt to handle the English law of evidence, in its former state,"
+says the _Edinburgh Review_, "was like taking up a hedgehog--all
+points!"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Man is not quite so manageable in the hands of science as boiling water
+or a fixed star.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PICTURE OF CONSTANTINOPLE.
+
+_(From the French of Lebrun.)_
+
+Queen of the Morn! Sultana of the East!
+City of wonders, on whose sparkling breast,
+Fair, slight, and tall, a thousand palaces
+Fling their gay shadows over golden seas!
+Where towers and domes bestud the gorgeous land,
+And countless masts, a mimic forest stand;
+Where cypress shades the minaret's snowy hue,
+And gleams of gold dissolve in skies of blue,
+Daughter of Eastern art, the most divine--
+Lovely, yet faithless bride of Constantine--
+Fair Istamboul, whose tranquil mirror flings
+Back with delight thy thousand colourings,
+And who no equal in the world dost know,
+Save thy own image pictured thus below!
+
+Dazzled, amazed, our eyes half-blinded, fail,
+While sweeps the phantasm past our gliding sail--
+Like as in festive scene, some sudden light
+Rises in clouds of stars upon the night.
+Struck by a splendour never seen before,
+Drunk with the perfumes wafted from the shore,
+Approaching near these peopled groves, we deem
+That from enchantment rose the gorgeous dream,
+Day without voice, and motion without sound,
+Silently beautiful! The haunted ground
+Is paved with roofs beyond the bounds of sight,
+Countless, and coloured, wrapped in golden light.
+'Mid groves of cypress, measureless and vast,
+In thousand forms of circles--crescents--cast,
+Gold glitters, spangling all the wide extent,
+And flashes back to heaven the rays it sent.
+Gardens and domes, bazaars begem the woods;
+Seraglios, harems--peopled solitudes,
+Where the veil'd idol kneels; and vistas, through
+Barr'd lattices, that give the enamoured view,
+Flowers, orange-trees, and waters sparkling near,
+And black and lovely eyes,--Alas, that Fear,
+At those heaven-gates, dark sentinel should stand,
+To scare even Fancy from her promised land!
+
+_Foreign Quar. Rev._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE SKETCH BOOK.
+
+THE MYSTERIOUS TAILOR.
+
+_A Romance of High Holborn._
+
+_(Concluded from page 46.)_
+
+
+On recovering from my stupor, I found myself with a physician and two
+apothecaries beside me, in bed at the George Inn, Ramsgate. I had been,
+it seems, for two whole days delirious, during which pregnant interval I
+had lived over again all the horrors of the preceding hours. The wind
+sang in my ears, the phantom forms of the unburied flitted pale and
+ghastly before my eyes. I fancied that I was still on the sea; that the
+massive copper-coloured clouds which hovered scarcely a yard overhead,
+were suddenly transformed into uncouth shapes, who glared at me from
+between saffron chinks, made by the scudding wrack; that the waters
+teemed with life, cold, slimy, preternatural things of life; that their
+eyes after assuming a variety of awful expressions, settled down into
+that dull frozen character, and their voices into that low, sepulchral,
+indefinable tone, which marked the Mysterious Tailor. This wretch was
+the Abaddon of my dreamy Pandaemonium. He was ever before me; he lent an
+added splendour to the day, and deepened the midnight gloom. On the
+heights of Bologne I saw him; far away over the foaming waters he
+floated still and lifeless beside me, his eye never once off my face,
+his voice never silent in my ear.
+
+My tale would scarcely have an end, were I to repeat but the one half of
+what during two brief days (two centuries in suffering) I experienced
+from this derangement of the nervous system. My readers may fancy that I
+have exaggerated my state of mind: far from it, I have purposely
+softened down the more distressing particulars, apprehensive, if not of
+being discredited, at least of incurring ridicule. Towards the close of
+the third day my fever began to abate, I became more sobered in my turn
+of thought, could contrive to answer questions, and listen with
+tolerable composure to my landlord's details of my miraculous
+preservation. The storm was slowly rolling off my mind, but the swell
+was still left behind it. The fourth day found me so far recovered, that
+I was enabled to quit my chamber, sit beside an open window, and derive
+amusement from the uncouth appearance of a Dutch crew, whose brig was
+lying at anchor in the harbour. From this time forward, every hour
+brought fresh accession to my strength, until at the expiration of the
+tenth day--so sudden is recovery in cases of violent fever when once the
+crisis is passed--I was sufficiently restored to take my place by a
+night-coach for London. The first few stages I endured tolerably well,
+notwithstanding that I had somewhat rashly ventured upon an outside
+place; but as midnight drew on, the wind became so piercingly keen,
+accompanied every now and then by a squally shower of sleet, that I was
+glad to bargain for an inside berth. By good luck, there was just room
+enough left for one, which I instantly appropriated, in spite of sundry
+hints _hemmed_ forth by a crusty old gentleman, that the coach was full
+already. I took my place in the coach, to the dissatisfaction of those
+already seated there. Not a word was spoken for miles: for the
+circumstance of its being dark increased the distrust of all, and, in
+the firm conviction that I was an adventurer, they had already, I make
+no doubt, buttoned up their pockets, and diligently adjusted their
+watch-chains. In a short time, this reserve wore away. From this moment
+the conversation became general. Each individual had some invalid story
+to relate, and I too, so far forgot my usual taciturnity as to indulge
+my hearers with a detail of my late indisposition--of its origin in the
+Mysterious Tailor--of the wretch's inconceivable persecution--of the
+fiendish peculiarities of his appearance--of his astonishing ubiquity,
+and lastly, of my conviction that he was either more or less than man.
+Scarcely had the very uncourteous laughter that accompanied this
+narrative concluded, when a low, intermittent snore, proceeding from a
+person close at my elbow, challenged my most serious notice. The sound
+was peculiar--original--unearthly--and reminded me of the same music
+which had so harrowed my nerves at Bologne. Yet it could not surely be
+he--he, the very thoughts of whom now sent a thrill through every vein.
+Oh, no! it must be some one else--there were other harmonious
+sternutators beside him, he could not be the only nasal nightingale in
+the three kingdoms. While I thus argued the matter, silently, yet
+suspiciously, a wandering gleam of day, streaming in at the coach
+windows, faintly lit up a nose the penultimate peculiarities of which
+gave a very ominous turn to my reflections. In due time this light
+became more vivid; and beneath its encouraging influence, first, a pair
+of eyes--then two sallow, juiceless cheeks, then an upper lip, then a
+projecting chin; and lastly, the entire figure of the Mysterious Tailor
+himself, whose head, it seems, had hitherto been folded, bird-like, upon
+his breast, grew into atrocious distinctness, while from the depths of
+the creature's throat came forth the strangely-solemn whisper, "touching
+that little account." For this once, indignation got the better of
+affright. "Go where I will," I exclaimed, passionately interrupting him,
+"I find I cannot avoid you, you have a supernatural gift of
+omnipresence, but be you fiend or mortal I will now grapple with you;"
+and accordingly snatching at that obnoxious feature which, like the tail
+of the rattle-snake, had twice warned me of its master's fatal presence,
+I grasped it with such zealous good will, that had it been of mortal
+manufacture it must assuredly have come off in my hands. Aroused by the
+laughter of my fellow passengers, the coachman--who was just preparing
+to mount, after having changed horses at Dartford--abruptly opened the
+door, on which I as abruptly jumped out; and after paying my fare the
+whole way to town, and casting on the fiend a look of "inextinguishable
+hatred," made an instant retreat into the inn. About the middle of the
+next day I reached London, and without a moment's pause hurried to the
+lodgings of my beforementioned friend C----. Luckily he was at home, but
+started at the strange forlorn figure that presented itself. And well
+indeed he might. My eye-balls were glazed and bloody, my cheeks white as
+a shroud, my mouth a-jar, my lips blue and quivering. "For God's sake,
+C----," I began, vouchsafing no further explanation, "lend me--(I
+specified the sum)--or I am ruined; that infernal, inconceivable Tailor
+has--." C----smilingly interrupted me by an instant compliance with my
+demand; on which, without a moment's delay, I bounded off, breathless
+and semi-frantic, towards my arch fiend's Pandaemonium at High Holborn.
+I cannot--cannot say what I felt as I crossed over from Drury-lane
+towards his den, more particularly when, on entering, I beheld the demon
+himself behind his counter--calm, moveless, and sepulchral, as if
+nothing of moment had occurred; as if he were an every-day dun, or I an
+every-day debtor. The instant he espied me, a sardonic smile, together
+with that appalling dissyllable, "touching" (which I never to this day
+hear, see, or write without a shudder) escaped him; but before he could
+close his oration, I had approached, trembling with rage and reverence,
+towards him, and, thrusting forth the exact sum, was rushing from his
+presence, when he beckoned me back for a receipt. A receipt, and from
+him too! It was like taking a receipt for one's soul from Satan!!
+
+The reader will doubtless conclude that, now at least, having
+satisfactorily settled his demands, I had done with my Tormentor for
+ever. This inference is in part correct. I followed up my vocation with
+an energy strangely contrasted with my recent indifference, was early
+and late in the schools, and for three months pursued this course with
+such ardour, that my adventures with the Mysterious Tailor, though not
+forgotten, were yet gradually losing their once powerful hold on my
+imagination. This was precisely the state of my feelings, when early one
+autumnal morning, just seven months from the date of my last visit to
+High Holborn, I chanced to be turning down Saint Giles's Church, on my
+way to--Hospital. I had nothing to render me more than usually pensive;
+no new vexations, no sudden pecuniary embarrassment; yet it so happened,
+that on this particular morning I felt a weight at my heart, and a cloud
+on my brain, for which I could in no way account. As I passed along
+Broad Street, I made one or two bold attempts to rally. I stared
+inquisitively at the different passers by, endeavouring, by a snatch at
+the expression of their faces, to speculate on the turn of their minds,
+and the nature of their occupations; I then began to whistle and hum
+some lively air, at the same time twirling my glove with affected
+unconcern; but nothing would do; every exertion I made to appear
+cheerful, not only found no answering sympathy from within, but even
+exaggerated by constrast my despondency. In this condition I reached
+Saint Giles's Church. A crowd was assembled at the gate opposite its
+entrance, and presently the long surly toll of the death-bell--that
+solemn and oracular memento--announced that a funeral was on the eve of
+taking place. The funeral halted at the entrance gate, where the coffin
+was taken from the hearse, and and thence borne into the chancel. This
+ceremony concluded, the procession again set forth towards the home
+appointed for the departed in a remote quarter of the church-yard. And
+now the interest began in reality to deepen. As the necessary
+preparations were making for lowering the coffin into earth, the
+mourners--even those who had hitherto looked unmoved--pressed gradually
+nearer, and with a momentary show of interest, to the grave. Such is the
+ennobling character of death.
+
+The preparations were by this time concluded, and nothing now remained
+but the last summons of the sexton. At this juncture, while the coffin
+was being lowered into its resting place, my eyes, accidentally, it may
+be said, but in reality by some fatal instinct, fell full upon the lid,
+on which I instantly recognised a name, long and fearfully known to
+me--the name of the Mysterious Tailor of High Holborn. Oh, how many
+thrilling recollections did this one name recal? The rencontre in the
+streets of London--the scene at the masquerade--the meeting at
+Bologne--the storm--the shipwreck--the sinking vessel--the appearance at
+that moment of _the man_ himself--the subsequent visions of mingled
+fever and insanity: all, all now swept across my mind, as for the last
+time I gazed on the remains of him who was powerless henceforth for
+ever. In a few minutes one little span of earth would keep down that
+strange form which seemed once endowed with ubiquity. That wild
+unearthly voice was mute; that wandering glance was fixed; a seal was
+set upon those lips which eternity itself could not remove. Yes, my
+Tormentor--my mysterious--omnipresent Tormentor was indeed gone; and in
+that one word, how much of vengeance was forgotten! I was roused from
+this reverie by the hollow sound of the clay as it fell dull and heavy
+on the coffin-lid. The poor sleeper beneath could not hear it, it is
+true; his slumber, henceforth, was sound; the full tide of human
+population pressing fast beside the spot where he lay buried, should
+never wake him more: no human sorrow should rack his breast, no dream
+disturb his repose; yet cold, changed, and senseless as he was, the
+first sound of the falling clods jarred strange and harsh upon my ear,
+as if it must perforce awake him. In this feverish state of mind I
+quitted the church-yard, and, on my road home, passed by the shop where
+I had first met with the deceased. It was altered--strangely altered--to
+my mind, revoltingly so. Its quaint antique character, its dingy
+spectral look were gone, and there was even a studied air of
+cheerfulness about it, as if the present proprietor were anxious to
+obliterate every association, however slight, that might possibly remind
+him of the past. The former owner had but just passed out, his ashes
+were scarcely cold, and already his name was on the wane. Yet this is
+human nature. So trifling, in fact, is the gap caused by our absence in
+society, that there needs no patriotic Curtius to leap into it; it
+closes without a miracle the instant it is made, and none but a
+disinterested Undertaker knows or cares for whom tolls our passing bell.
+
+_Monthly Magazine._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SPIRIT OF THE
+
++PUBLIC JOURNALS.+
+
+
+THE TOUR OF DULNESS.
+
+From her throne of clouds, as Dulness look'd
+  On her foggy and favour'd nation,
+She sleepily nodded her poppy-crown'd head,
+And gently waved her sceptre of lead,
+  In token of approbation.
+
+For the north-west wind brought clouds and gloom,
+  Blue devils on earth, and mists in the air;
+Of parliamentary prose some died,
+Some perpetrated suicide,
+  And her empire flourish'd there.
+
+The Goddess look'd with a gracious eye
+  On her ministers great and small;
+But most she regarded with tenderness
+Her darling shrine, the Minerva Press,
+  In the street of Leadenhall.
+
+This was her sacred haunt, and here
+  Her name was most adored,
+Her chosen here officiated.
+And hence her oracles emanated,
+  And breathed the Goddess in every word.
+
+She pass'd from the east to the west, and paused
+  In New Burlington-street awhile,
+To inspire a few puffs for Colburn and Co.
+And indite some dozen novels or so
+  In the fashionable style.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Then turning her own Magazine to inspect,
+  She was rather at fault, as of late
+The colour and series both were new;
+But the Goddess, with discernment true,
+  Detected it by the weight.
+
+She cross'd the Channel next, and peep'd
+  At Dublin; but the zeal
+Of the liberty boys soon put her to flight.
+And she dropp'd her mantle in her fright,
+  Which fell on Orator Shiel.
+
+Thence sped she to the Land of Cakes,
+  The land she loves and its possessors;
+She loves its Craniologists,
+Political Economists,
+  And all Scotch _mists_ and Scotch Professors.
+
+And chiefly she on McCulloch smiled,
+As a mother smiles on her darling child,
+  Or a lady on her lover;
+Then, bethinking her of Parliament,
+She hasten'd South, but ere she went,
+She promised if nothing occurr'd to prevent,
+  To return when the Session was over.
+
+_Blackwood's Magazine._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CANNIBALISM.
+
+In great cities, cannibalism takes an infinite variety of shapes. In the
+neighbourhood of St. James's-street there are numerous slaughter-houses,
+where men are daily consumed by the operation of cards and dice; and
+where they are caught by the same bait, at which Quin said he should
+have infallibly bitten. A similar process is likewise carried on in
+'Change Alley, on a great scale; not to speak of that snare especially
+set for widows and children, called a "joint stock speculation." But
+your cannibal of cannibals is a parliament patron. Here, a great borough
+proprietor swallows a regiment at a single gulp; and there, the younger
+son of a lord ruminates over a colony till the very crows cannot find a
+dinner in it; and there again, a duke or a minister, himself and his
+family, having first "supped full of horrors," casts a diocese to the
+side-table, to be mumbled at leisure by his son's tutor. The town is
+occasionally very indignant and very noisy against the gouls of
+Surgeons' Hall, because they live upon the dead carcasses of their
+fellow-creatures; while, strange to say, it takes but little account of
+the hordes of wretches who openly, and in the face of day, hunt down
+living men in their nefarious dealings as porter brewers, quack doctors,
+informers, attorneys, manufacturers of bean flour, alum, and Portland
+stone; and torture their subjects like so many barbacued pigs, in the
+complicated processes of their cookery.--_New Month. Mag._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIGNS OF THE TIMES.
+
+"They say this town is full of cozenage,
+As nimble jugglers that deceive the eye,
+Disguised cheaters, prating mountebanks,
+And many such like libertines of sin."
+SHAKSPEARE.
+
++Caveat emptor+! This is the age of fraud, imposture, substitution,
+transmutation, adulteration, abomination, contamination, and many others
+of the same sinister ending, always excepting purification. Every thing
+is debased and sophisticated, and "nothing is but what is not." All
+things are mixed, lowered, debased, deteriorated, by our cozening
+dealers and shopkeepers; and, bad as they are, there is every reason to
+fear that they are "mox daturos progeniem vitiosiorem." We wonder at the
+increase of bilious and dyspeptic patients, at the number of new books
+upon stomach complaints, at the rapid fortunes made by practitioners who
+undertake (the very word is ominous) to cure indigestion; but how can it
+be otherwise, when Accum, before he took to quoting with his scissors,
+assured us there was "poison in the pot;" when a recent writer has
+shown that there are still more deleterious ingredients in the
+wine-bottle; and when we ourselves have all had dismal intestine
+evidence that our bread is partly made of ground bones, alum, plaster of
+Paris; our tea, of aloe-leaves; our beer, of injurious drugs; our milk,
+of snails and chalk; and that even the water supplied to us by our
+companies is any thing rather than the real Simon Pure it professes to
+be. Not less earnestly than benevolently do our quack doctors implore us
+to beware of spurious articles; Day and Martin exhort us not to take our
+polish from counterfeit blacking: every advertiser beseeches the
+"pensive public" to be upon its guard against supposititious
+articles--all, in short, is knavery, juggling, cheating, and
+deception.--_Ibid._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Retrospective Gleanings
+
+SONNET
+
+BY HENRY TEONOE, A SEA CHAPLAIN IN THE REIGN OF CHARLES II.
+
+_Composed October the First, over against the East part of Candia._
+
+O! Ginnee was a bony lasse,
+  Which maks the world to woonder
+How ever it should com to passe
+  That wee did part a sunder.
+
+The driven snow, the rose so rare,
+  The glorious sunne above thee,
+Can not with my Ginnee compare,
+  She was so wonderous lovely.
+
+Her merry lookes, her forhead high,
+  Her hayre like golden-wyer,
+Her hand and foote, her lipe or eye,
+  Would set a saint on fyre.
+
+And for to give Giunee her due,
+  Thers no ill part about her;
+The turtle-dove's not half so true;
+  Then whoe can live without her?
+
+King Solomon, where ere he lay,
+  Did nere unbrace a kinder;
+O! why should Ginnee gang away,
+  And I be left behind her?
+
+Then will I search each place and roome
+  From London to Virginny,
+From Dover-peere to Scanderoone,
+  But I will finde my Ginny.
+
+But Ginny's turned back I feare,
+  When that I did not mind her;
+Then back to England will I steare,
+  To see where I can find her.
+
+And haveing Ginnee once againe,
+  If sheed doe her indeavour,
+The world shall never make us twaine--
+  Weel live and dye together.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SONG BY KING CHARLES II.
+
+_On the Duchess of Portsmouth leaving England._
+
+_(For the Mirror.)_
+
+Bright was the morning, cool the air,
+Serene was all the skies;
+When on the waves I left my dear,
+The center of my joys;
+Heav'n and nature smiling were.
+And nothing sad but I.
+
+Each rosy field their odours spread,
+All fragrant was the shore;
+Each river God rose from his bed,
+And sighing own'd her pow'r;
+Curling the waves they deck'd their heads,
+As proud of what they bore.
+
+Glide on ye waves, bear these lines,
+And tell her my distress;
+Bear all these sighs, ye gentle winds,
+And waft them to her breast;
+Tell her if e'er she prove unkind,
+I never shall have rest.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Anecdote Gallery
+
+VOLTAIRE.
+
+_(From various Authorities.)_
+
+The Chateau of Ferney, the celebrated residence of Voltaire, six miles
+from Geneva, is a place of very little picturesque beauty: its broad
+front is turned to the high road, without any regard to the prospect,
+and the garden is adorned with cut trees, parapet walls with
+flower-pots, jets d'eaux, &c. Voltaire's bed-room is shown in its
+pristine state, just as he left it in 1777, when, after a residence of
+twenty years, he went to Paris to enjoy a short triumph and die. Time
+and travellers have much impaired the furniture of light-blue silk, and
+the Austrians, quartered in the house during the late war, have not
+improved it; the bed-curtains especially, which for the last forty years
+have supplied each traveller with a precious little bit, hastily torn
+off, are of course in tatters. The bedstead is of common deal, coarsely
+put together; a miserable portrait of Le Kain, in crayons, hangs inside
+of the bed, and two others, equally bad, on each side, Frederic and
+Voltaire himself. Round the room are bad prints of Washington, Franklin,
+Sir Isaac Newton, and several other celebrated personages; the
+ante-chamber is decorated with naked figures, in bad taste; each of
+these rooms may be 12 feet by 15.
+
+Such is the narrative of an intelligent traveller, who recently visited
+Ferney. "Very few," says he, "remain alive, of those who saw the poet: a
+gardener who conducted us about the grounds had that advantage; he
+showed us the place where the theatre stood, filling the space on the
+left-hand side in entering, between the chateau and the chapel, but the
+inscription on the last, _Voltaire à Dieu_, was removed during the reign
+of terror. The _old_ gardener spoke favourably of his _old_ master, who
+was, he said, _bon homme tout-a-fait, bien charitable,_ and took an
+airing every morning in his coach and four."
+
+In the sitting-room, adjoining the bedroom, which he was accustomed to
+occupy, besides some good ancient paintings, is a very singular picture,
+which was painted according to Voltaire's direction. The principal
+personages are Voltaire, holding in his hand a roll of paper inscribed
+La Henriade; next him is a female personification of this favourite
+poem, whom he is presenting to Apollo crowned with rays of glory; Louis
+XIV. with his queen and court, are observing these chief figures. In
+another part, the Muses are crowning the burst of Voltaire with wreaths
+of flowers, and proposing to place it with those of other immortal
+authors in the Temple of Fame. The bottom of the picture is occupied by
+his enemies, who are being torn to pieces by wild beasts, or burning in
+flames of fire.
+
+In the bed-room is a marble cenotaph, on which is an urn that formerly
+contained the heart of Voltaire, which was removed several years ago,
+and placed in the church of Les Invalides at Paris. In this room also is
+an engraving of Voltaire's monument in the church-yard of Ferney. In
+this, four figures, representing the four quarters of the world, are
+preparing to honour his bust with wreaths of laurel and palms.
+Ignorance, meanwhile, with the wings of a fiend, armed with rods, is
+driving them away in the midst of their pacific employment, and
+extinguishing a lamp which burns above the tomb. It is a singular
+circumstance that Voltaire caused the church of Ferney to be built, as
+well as several houses in the village, and on an iron vane on the top of
+the former is inscribed, "_Deo erexit Voltaire_."
+
+After his escape from the court of Frederic, Voltaire went first to
+Lausanne, were he resided some years, and where he fitted up a private
+theatre; his acquaintances there supplied him with performers, of whom
+it seems he was proud, and who acted for him Zaire, Alzira, and several
+other plays. Some spirited drawings of Huber represent him behind the
+scene teaching, scolding, encouraging the actors; you might have thought
+you heard his loud _bravo_! The part of Lusignan was frequently filled
+by the poet himself, who was so much taken with it as to be seen in the
+morning at the door of his house already dressed for the stage. Voltaire
+had a hollow wooden voice, and his declamation had more pomp in it than
+nature; yet in the part of Trissotin, in the Femmes Savantes, he
+performed very well.
+
+From Lausanne, where he quarrelled with several persons, he went, in
+1755, to St. Jean, close to Geneva, and gave to the house he occupied
+the name of _Les Dèlices_, which it retains to this day. Ferney, which
+he bought soon after, became his permanent residence for twenty years.
+
+Strangers of distinction made a point of calling on the philosopher of
+Ferney, who for some years received their visits very willingly, giving
+them _fêtes_ and plays; but he became tired of this, and at last would
+only see those who could amuse him while he amused them. A quaker from
+Philadelphia, called Claude Gay, travelling in Europe, stayed some time
+at Geneva; he was known as the author of some Theological works, and
+liked for his good sense, moderation, and simplicity. Voltaire heard of
+him, his curiosity was excited, and he desired to see him. The quaker
+felt great reluctance, but suffered himself at last to be carried to
+Ferney, Voltaire having promised before hand to his friends that he
+would say nothing that could give him offence. At first he was delighted
+with the tall, straight, handsome quaker, his broad-brimmed hat, and
+plain drab suit of clothes; the mild and serene expression of his
+countenance; and the dinner promised to go off very well; yet he soon
+took notice of the great sobriety of his guest, and made jokes, to which
+he received grave and modest answers. The patriarchs, and the first
+inhabitants of the earth were next alluded to; by and by he began to
+sneer at the historical proofs of Revelation; but Claude was not to be
+driven away from his ground, and while examining these proofs, and
+arguing upon them rationally, he overlooked the light attacks of his
+adversary, when not to the point, appeared insensible to his sarcasms
+and wit, and remained always cool and serious. Voltaire's vivacity at
+last turned to downright anger; his eyes flashed fire whenever they met
+the benign and placid countenance of the quaker, and the dispute went so
+far at last, that the latter, getting up, said, "Friend Voltaire!
+perhaps thou mayst come to understand these matters rightly; in the
+meantime, finding I can do thee no good, I leave thee, and so fare thee
+well!" So saying he went away on foot, notwithstanding all entreaties,
+back again to Geneva, leaving the whole company in consternation.
+Voltaire immediately retired to his own room. M. Huber,[8] who was
+present at this scene, made a drawing of the two actors.
+
+PHILO.
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
++THE GATHERER.+
+
+A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+SHAKSPEARE.
+
+
+SIR W. JONES AND MR. DAY.
+
+One day, upon removing some books at the chambers of Sir William Jones,
+a large spider dropped upon the floor, upon which Sir William, with some
+warmth, said, "Kill that spider, Day, kill that spider!" "No," said Mr.
+Day, with that coolness for which he was so conspicuous, "I will not
+kill that spider, Jones; I do not know that I have a right to kill that
+spider! Suppose when you are going in your coach to Westminster Hall, a
+superior being, who, perhaps may have as much power over you as you have
+over this insect, should say to his companion, 'Kill that lawyer! kill
+that lawyer!' how should you like that, Jones? and I am sure, to most
+people, a lawyer is a more noxious animal than a spider."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BISHOP
+
+In Cambridge, this title is not confined to the dignitaries of the
+church; but _port_ wine, made _copiously potable_ by being mulled and
+burnt, with the _addenda_ of roasted lemons all bristling like angry
+hedge-hogs (studded with cloves,) is dignified with the appellation of
+_Bishop_:
+
+Beneath some old oak, come and rest thee, my hearty;
+  Our foreheads with roses, oh! let us entwine!
+And, inviting young Bacchus to be of the party,
+  We'll drown all our troubles in oceans of wine!
+
+And perfumed with _Macassar_ or _Otto_ of roses,
+  We'll pass round the BISHOP, the spice-breathing cup,
+And take of that medicine such wit-breeding doses,
+  We'll knock _down_ the god, or he shall knock us _up_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GAZETTED AND IN THE GAZETTE.
+
+These terms imply very different things. The son of a nobleman is
+_gazetted_, as a cornet in a regiment, and all his friends rejoice. John
+Thomson is _in the Gazette_, and all his friends lament.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+UNFORTUNATE CASE.
+
+A zealous priest in the north of Ireland missed a constant auditor from
+his congregation, in which schism had already made depredations. "What
+keeps our friend Farmer B----away from us?" was the anxious question
+proposed by the vigilant minister to his assistant, "I have not seen him
+among us," continued he, "these three weeks; I hope it is not
+Protestantism that keeps him away," "No," was the reply, "it is worse
+than that." "Worse than Protestantism? God forbid it should,--Deism?"
+"No, worse than that." "Worse than Deism! good heavens, I trust it is
+not Atheism." "No, worse than Atheism!" "Impossible, nothing can be
+worse than Atheism!" "Yes, it is, your honour--_it is Rheumatism_!"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LIQUIDATING CLAIMS.
+
+During a remarkable wet summer, Joe Vernon, whose vocal taste and humour
+contributed for many years to the entertainment of the frequenters of
+Vauxhall Gardens, but who was not quite so good a _timist_ in money
+matters as in music, meeting an acquaintance who had the misfortune to
+hold some of his unhonoured paper, was asked by him, not uninterestedly,
+how the gardens were going on? "Oh, _swimmingly_!" answered the jocose
+Joe. "Glad to hear it," retorted the creditor, "their _swimming_ state,
+I hope, will cause the singers to _liquidate their notes_."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Mr. Samuel Deacon, a most respectable Baptist minister, who resided at
+Barton in Leicestershire, was not peculiarly happy in his cast of
+countenance or general appearance; conscious of the silly ridicule his
+unprepossessing _tout ensemble_ occasionally excited, he made the
+following good-humoured, quaint remark:--
+
+"The carcass that you look at so,
+Is not Sam Deacon, you must know,
+But 'tis the carriage--the machine,
+Which Samuel Deacon rideth in."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ADVANTAGES OF LOQUACITY
+
+A very pretty woman, who was tediously loquacious, complained one day to
+Madame de Sevigné, that she was sadly tormented by her lovers. "Oh,
+Madame," said Madame de Sevigné to her, with a smile, "it is very easy
+to get rid of them: you have only to speak."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD 143, Strand, (near Somerset House,)
+London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHEN, 626, New Market, Leipsic; and by all
+Newsman and Booksellers._
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[1] The old bridge was of wood, and 168 yards in length. It was the most
+ancient on the River Thames, except that of London, and is mentioned in
+a record of the 8th year of Henry III.
+
+[2] At the time the chapel fell, the sexton, while digging a grave was
+buried under the ruins, with another person, and his daughter. The
+latter, notwithstanding she lay covered seven hours, survived this
+misfortune seventeen years, and was her father's successor. The memory
+of this event is preserved by a print of this singular woman, engraved
+by M'Ardell.
+
+[3] The work is dedicated to Dr. Babington, "in remembrance of some
+delightful days passed in his society, and in gratitude for an
+uninterrupted friendship of a quarter of a century;" and in the preface
+the author, after saying that the characters are imaginary, intimates
+that "in the portrait of HALIEUS, given in the last dialogue, a
+likeness, he thinks, will not fail to be recognised to that of a most
+estimable physician, ardently beloved by his friends, and esteemed and
+venerated by the public."
+
+[4] In our last volume, this was erroneously attributed to Swift.
+
+[5] See page 370, vol. xi. MIRROR.
+
+[6] As "kill him, crimp him," &c.
+
+[[7]] The late worthy and scientific Wm. Reynolds, of the Bank, near
+Ketley.
+
+[8] M. Huber was the father of the author of a work on the economy of
+bees, and the grandfather of the author of a work on the economy of
+ants. The first M. Huber had a very peculiar talent for drawing; with
+his scissors he could cut a piece of paper into a representation of
+anything, as accurately, and as fast, and with as much spirit, as he
+might have delineated with his pencil either figures or landscapes.
+Voltaire was his favourite subject; and he is known to have taught his
+dog to bite off a piece of crumb of bread, which he held in his hand, so
+as to give it as last the appearance of Voltaire.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE 324 ***
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+<title>The Mirror vol XII.</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
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+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
+       Volume XII., No. 324, July 26, 1828
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: November 29, 2003 [EBook #10331]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE 324 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Sjaani and PG Distributed Proofreaders
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<table width="80%" border="0" align="center">
+  <tr>
+    <td>
+      <h1 align="center">The Mirror</h1>
+      <h3 align="center">OF</h3>
+      <h2 align="center">LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h2>
+      <h3 align="center">324.] SATURDAY, JULY 26, 1828. [Price 2<em>d</em>.</h3>
+      <h3 align="center">Vol. XII</h3>
+
+      <p><img src="imgone.jpg" alt="Kingston New Bridge" /></p>
+
+
+
+<br /><hr style="width: 35%;" /><br />
+<h2 align="center">KINGSTON NEW BRIDGE.</h2>
+
+<p>Through many a bridge the wealthy river roll'd.<br />
+SOUTHEY.</p>
+
+<p>The annexed picturesque engraving represents the new bridge<a name="ret1" id="ret1"></a>[1] from
+Kingston-upon-Thames to Hampton-Wick, in the royal manor of Hampton
+Court. It is built of Portland stone, and consists of five elliptical
+arches, the centre arch being 60 feet span by 19 in height, and the side
+arches 56 and 52 feet span respectively. The abutments are terminated by
+towers or bastions, and the whole is surmounted by a cornice and
+balustrade, with galleries projecting over the pier; which give a bold
+relief to the general elevation. The length of the bridge is 382 feet by
+27 feet in width. It is of chaste Grecian architecture, from the design
+of Mr. Lapidge, to whose courtesy we are indebted for the original of
+our engraving. The building contract was undertaken by Mr. Herbert for
+&pound;26,800. and the extra work has not exceeded &pound;100. a very rare, if not
+an unprecedented occurrence in either public or private undertakings of
+this description. The first stone was laid by the Earl of Liverpool,
+November 7, 1825, and the bridge was opened in due form by her royal
+highness the Duchess of Clarence, on July 17, 1828.</p>
+
+<p>Kingston is one of the most picturesque towns on the banks of the
+Thames; and its antiquarian attractions are of the highest order. It was
+occupied by the Romans, and in aftertimes it was either a royal
+residence or a royal demesne, so early as the union of the Saxon
+Heptarchy; for there is a record extant of a council held there in 838,
+at which Egbert, the first king of all England, and his son Athelwolf
+were present; and in this record it is styled <em>Kyningenstum famosa ilia
+locus</em>. Some of our Saxon kings were also crowned here; and adjoining
+the church is a large stone, on which, according to tradition, they were
+placed during the ceremony. Many interesting relics have from time to
+time been discovered in illustration of these historical facts, and till
+the year 1730, the figures of some of the above kings and that of king
+John (who chartered the town) were preserved in a chapel adjoining the
+above spot. In that year, however, the chapel fell, and with it were
+demolished the royal <em>effigies</em>.<a name="ret2" id="ret2"></a>[2] Mr. Lysons, with his usual accuracy,
+enumerates nine kings who were crowned here.
+
+Kingston formerly sent members to parliament, till, by petition, the
+inhabitants prayed to be relieved from the burden!</p>
+
+<p>At Hampton Wick, the village on the opposite bank, resided the witty but
+profligate Sir Richard Steele, in a house which he whimsically
+denominated &quot;the hovel;&quot; and &quot;from the Hovel at Hampton Wick, April 7,
+1711,&quot; he dedicated the fourth volume of the <em>Tatler</em> to Charles, Lord
+Halifax. This was probably about the time he became surveyor of the
+royal stables at Hampton Court, governor of the king's comedians, a
+justice of the peace for Middlesex, and a knight.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<br />
+
+<h2 align="center">ARCHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY.</h2>
+
+<p>The first Archbishop of Canterbury was Austin, appointed by King
+Ethelbert, on his conversion to Christianity, about the year 598. Before
+the coming of the Saxons into England, the Christian Britons had three
+Archbishops, viz. of London, York, and Caerleon, an ancient city of
+South Wales. The Britons being driven out of these parts, the
+Archbishoprick of London became extinct; and when Pope Gregory the Great
+had afterwards sent thither Augustine, and his fellow-labourer to preach
+the Gospel to the then heathen Saxons, the Archiepiscopal See was
+planted at Canterbury, as being the metropolis of the kingdom of Kent,
+where King Ethelbert had received the same St. Augustine, and with his
+kingdom was baptized, and embraced the doctrines of Christianity before
+the rest of the Heptarchy. The other Archbishoprick of Caerleon was
+translated to St. David's in Pembrokeshire, and afterwards wholly to the
+See of Canterbury; since which, all England and Wales reckon but two
+Archbishops, Canterbury and York. The following Archbishops have died at
+Lambeth Palace;&mdash;Wittlesey, in 1375; Kemp, 1453; Dean, 1504; all buried
+in Canterbury Cathedral: Cardinal Pole, 1558, after lying in state here
+40 days was buried at Canterbury; Parker, 1575, buried in Lambeth
+Chapel; Whitgift, 1604, buried at Croydon; Bancroft, 1610, buried at
+Lambeth; Juxon, 1663, buried in the chapel of St. John's College,
+Oxford; Sheldon, 1667, buried at Croydon; Tillotson, 1694, buried in the
+church of St. Laurence Jewry, London; Tennison, 1715; and Potter, 1747,
+both buried at Croydon; Seeker, 1768; Cornwallis, 1783, and Moore,
+1805, all buried at Lambeth. In 1381, the Archbishop, Simon of Sudbury,
+fell a victim to Wat Tyler and his crew, when they attacked Lambeth
+Palace.</p>
+
+<p>P. T. W.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<br />
+
+<h2 align="center">DAYS OF FLY FISHING.</h2>
+
+<p>That an ex-president (Sir Humphry Davy) of the Royal Society should
+write a book on field sports may at first sight appear rather
+<em>unphilosophical</em>; although it is not more fanciful than Bishop
+Berkeley's volume on tar water, Bishop Watson's improvement in the
+manufacture of gunpowder, Sir Walter Scott writing a sermon, or a Scotch
+minister inventing a safety gun, and, as we are told, <em>presenting</em> the
+same to the King in person. Be this as it may, since our first
+acquaintance with the &quot;prince of piscators,&quot; the patriarch of anglers,
+Isaak Walton, it has seldom been our lot to meet with so pleasant a
+volume as <em>Salmonia, or Days of Fly Fishing</em>, to whose contents we are
+about to introduce our readers.</p>
+
+<p>In our last number we gave a <em>flying</em> extract, entitled, &quot;Superstitions
+on the Weather,&quot; being a fair specimen of the very agreeable manner of
+the digressions in the above work, which is, perhaps, less practical
+than it might have been; but this defect is more than atoned for in the
+author's felicitous mode of intermingling with the main subject, some of
+the most curious facts and phenomena in natural history and philosophy
+so as to familiarize the angler with many causes and effects which
+altogether belong to a higher class of reading than that of mere
+amusement. All this, too, is done in a simple, graceful, and flowing
+style, always amusive, and sometimes humorously illustrative&mdash;advantages
+which our philosophical writers do not generally exhibit, but which are
+more or less evident in every page of Sir Humphry Davy's writings.</p>
+
+<p><em>Salmonia</em> consists of a series of conversations between four
+characters&mdash;Halieus,<a name="ret3" id="ret3"></a>[3] Poietes, Physicus, Ornither. In the &quot;First Day&quot;
+we have an ingenious vindication of fly fishing against the well-known
+satire of Johnson<a name="ret4" id="ret4"></a>[4] and Lord Byron, and the following:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><em>Halieus.</em>&mdash;A noble lady, long distinguished at court for pre-eminent
+beauty and grace, and whose mind possesses undying charms, has written
+some lines in my copy of Walton, which, if you will allow me, I will
+repeat to you:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>Albeit, gentle Angler, I<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Delight not in thy trade,</span><br />
+Yet in thy pages there doth lie<br />
+So much of quaint simplicity,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 1em;">So much of mind,</span><br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 1em;">Of such good kind.</span><br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">That none need be afraid,</span><br />
+Caught by thy cunning bait, this book,<br />
+To be ensnared on thy hook.</p>
+
+<p>Gladly from thee, I'm lur'd to bear<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">With things that seem'd most vile before,</span><br />
+For thou didst on poor subjects rear<br />
+Matter the wisest sage might hear.<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 1em;">And with a grace,</span><br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 1em;">That doth efface</span><br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">More laboured works, thy simple lore</span><br />
+Can teach us that thy skilful <em>lines</em>,<br />
+More than the scaly brood <em>confines</em>.</p>
+
+<p>Our hearts and senses too, we see,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Rise quickly at thy master hand,</span><br />
+And ready to be caught by thee<br />
+Are lured to virtue willingly.<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 1em;">Content and peace,</span><br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 1em;">With health and ease,</span><br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Walk by thy side. At thy command</span><br />
+We bid adieu to worldly care.<br />
+And joy in gifts that all may share.</p>
+
+<p>Gladly with thee, I pace along.<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">And of sweet fancies dream;</span><br />
+Waiting till some inspired song,<br />
+Within my memory cherished long,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 1em;">Comes fairer forth.</span><br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 1em;">With more of worth;</span><br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Because that time upon its stream</span><br />
+Feathers and chaff will bear away,<br />
+But give to gems a brighter ray.</p>
+
+<p>And though the charming and intellectual author of this poem is not an
+angler herself, yet I can quote the example of her lovely daughters to
+vindicate fly fishing from the charge of cruelty, and to prove that the
+most delicate and refined minds can take pleasure in this innocent
+amusement.</p>
+
+<p>Gay's passionate love for angling is well known; it was his principal
+occupation in the summer at Amesbury; and &quot;the late excellent John
+Tobin, author of the <em>Honey Moon</em>, was an ardent angler.&quot; Among heroes,
+Trajan was fond of angling. Nelson was a good fly-fisher, and continued
+the pursuit even with his left hand; and, says the author, &quot;I have known
+a person who fished with him at Merton, in the Wandle. Dr. Paley was so
+much attached to this amusement, that when the Bishop of Durham inquired
+of him when one of his most important works would be finished, he said,
+with great simplicity and good-humour, 'My lord, I shall work steadily
+at it when the fly-fishing season is over.'&quot;&mdash;Then we have a poetical
+description of river scenery, till two of the party arrive at the
+following conclusions:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>I have already admitted the danger of analyzing, too closely, the moral
+character of any of our field sports; yet I think it cannot be doubted
+that the nervous system of fish, and cold-blooded animals in general, is
+less sensitive than that of warm-blooded animals. The hook usually is
+fixed in the cartilaginous part of the mouth, where there are no nerves;
+and a proof that the sufferings of a hooked fish cannot be great is
+found in the circumstance, that though a trout has been hooked and
+played for some minutes, he will often, after his escape with the
+artificial fly in his mouth, take the natural fly, and feed as if
+nothing had happened; having apparently learnt only from the experiment,
+that the artificial fly is not proper for food. And I have caught pikes
+with four or five hooks in their mouths, and tackle which they had
+broken only a few minutes before; and the hooks seemed to have had no
+other effect than that of serving as a sort of <em>sauce piquante</em>, urging
+them to seize another morsel of the same kind.&mdash;The advocates for a
+favourite pursuit never want sophisms to defend it. I have even heard it
+asserted, that a hare enjoys being hunted. Yet I will allow that
+fly-fishing, after your vindication, appears amongst the least cruel of
+field sports.</p>
+
+<p>We must, however, confine ourselves to a few colloquial extracts from
+the <em>practical</em> portion of the volume; as</p>
+
+<p><em>Flies on the Wandle, &amp;c.</em></p>
+
+<p><em>Orn.</em>&mdash;Surely the May-fly season is not the only season for day-fishing
+in this river? [the Wandle.]&mdash;<em>Hal.</em> Certainly not. There are as many
+fish to be taken, perhaps, in the spring fishing; but in this deep river
+they are seldom in good season till the May-fly has been on, and a
+fortnight hence they will be still better than even now. In September
+there may be good fish taken here; but the autumnal flies are less
+plentiful in this river than the spring flies&mdash;<em>Phys</em>, Pray tell me what
+are the species of fly which take in these two seasons.&mdash;<em>Hal</em>. You know
+that trout spawn or deposit their ova, &amp;c. in the end of the autumn or
+beginning of winter, from the middle of November till the beginning of
+January, their maturity depending upon the temperature of the season,
+their quantity of food, &amp;c. They are at least six weeks or two months
+after they have spawned before they recover their flesh; and the time
+when these fish are at the worst, is likewise the worst time for
+fly-fishing, both on account of the cold weather, and because there are
+fewer flies on the water than at any other season. Even in December and
+January there are a few small gnats or water-flies on the water in the
+middle of the day, in bright days, or when there is sunshine. These are
+generally black, and they escape the influence of the frost by the
+effects of light on their black bodies, and probably by the extreme
+rapidity of the motions of their fluids, and generally of their organs.
+They are found only at the surface of the water, where the temperature
+must be above the freezing point. In February a few double-winged
+water-flies, which swim down the stream, are usually found in the middle
+of the day, such as the willow-fly; and the cow-dung-fly is sometimes
+carried on the water by winds. In March there are several flies found on
+most rivers. The grannam, or green-tail-fly, with a wing like a moth,
+comes on generally morning and evening, from five till eight o'clock,
+A.M. in mild weather, in the end of March and through April. Then there
+are the blue and the brown, both ephemerae, which come on, the first in
+dark days, the second in bright days; these flies, when well imitated,
+are very destructive to fish. The first is a small fly, with a palish
+yellow body, and slender, beautiful wings, which rest on the back as it
+floats down the water. The second, called the cob in Wales, is three or
+four times as large, and has brown wings, which likewise protrude from
+the back, and its wings are shaded like those of a partridge, brown and
+yellow brown. These three kinds of flies lay their eggs in the water,
+which produce larvae that remain in the state of worms, feeding and
+breathing in the water till they are prepared for their metamorphosis,
+and quit the bottoms of the rivers, and the mud and stones, for the
+surface, and light and air. The brown fly usually disappears before the
+end of April, likewise the grannam; but of the blue dun there is a
+succession of different tints, or species, or varieties, which appear in
+the middle of the day all the summer and autumn long. These are the
+principal flies on the Wandle&mdash;the best and clearest stream near London.
+In early spring these flies have dark olive bodies; in the end of April
+and the beginning of May they are found yellow; and in the summer they
+become cinnamon coloured; and again, as the winter approaches, gain a
+darker hue. I do not, however, mean to say that they are the same flies,
+but more probably successive generations of ephemerae of the same
+species. The excess of heat seems equally unfavourable, as the excess of
+cold, to the existence of the smaller species of water-insects, which,
+during the intensity of sunshine, seldom appear in summer, but rise
+morning and evening only. The blue dun has, in June and July, a yellow
+body; and there is a water-fly which, in the evening, is generally found
+before the moths appear, called the red spinner. Towards the end of
+August, the ephemerae appear again in the middle of the day&mdash;a very
+pale, small ephemera, which is of the same colour as that which is seen
+in some rivers in the beginning of July. In September and October this
+kind of fly is found with an olive body, and it becomes darker in
+October and paler in November. There are two other flies which appear in
+the end of September and continue during October, if the weather be
+mild; a large yellow fly, with a fleshy body, and wings like a moth; and
+a small fly with four wings, with a dark or claret coloured body, that
+when it falls on the water has its wings like the great yellow fly, flat
+on its back. This, or a claret bodied fly, very similar in character,
+may be likewise found in March or April, on some waters. In this river I
+have often caught many large trout in April and the beginning of May,
+with the blue dun, having the yellow body; and in the upper part of the
+stream below St. Albans, and between that and Watford, I have sometimes,
+even as early as April, caught fish in good condition; but the <em>true</em>
+season for the Colne is the season of the May-fly. The same may be said
+of most of the large English rivers containing large trouts, and
+abounding in May-fly&mdash;such as the Test and the Kennett, the one running
+by Stockbridge, the other by Hungerford. But in the Wandle, at
+Carshalton and Beddington, the May-fly is not found; and the little
+blues are the constant, and, when well imitated, killing flies on this
+water; to which may be joined a dark alder-fly, and a red evening fly.
+In the Avon, at Ringwood and Fordingbridge, the May-fly is likewise a
+killing fly; but as this is a grayling river, the other flies,
+particularly the grannam and blue and brown, are good in spring, and the
+alder-fly or pale blue later, and the blue dun in September and October,
+and even November. In the streams in the mountainous parts of Britain,
+the spring and autumnal flies are by far the most killing. The Usk was
+formerly a very productive trout-stream, and the fish being well fed by
+the worms washed down by the winter floods, were often in good season,
+cutting red, in March and the beginning of April: and at this season the
+blues and browns, particularly when the water was a little stained after
+a small flood, afforded the angler good sport. In Herefordshire and
+Derbyshire, where trout and grayling are often found together, the same
+periods are generally best for angling; but in the Dove, Lathkill, and
+Wye, with the natural May-fly many fish may be taken; and in old times,
+in peculiarly windy days, or high and troubled water, even the
+artificial May-fly, according to Cotton, was very killing.</p>
+
+<p>Here we must end, at least <em>for the present</em>; but there is so much
+anecdotical pleasantry in <em>Salmonia</em> that we might continue our extracts
+through many columns, and we are persuaded, to the gratification of the
+majority of our readers. Even when we announced the publication of this
+work a few weeks since, we were led to anticipate the delight it would
+afford many of our esteemed correspondents, especially our friend
+<em>W.H.H.</em>, who has &quot;caught about forty trout in two or three hours&quot; in
+the rocky basins of Pot-beck, &amp;c.<a name="ret5" id="ret5"></a>[5]
+
+Sir Humphry Davy mentions the Wandle in Surrey, as we have quoted; but
+he does not allude to the trout-fishing in the Mole, in the Vale of
+Leatherhead in the same county. There are in the course of the work a
+few expressions which make humanity shudder, and would drive a
+Pythagorean to madness,<a name="ret6" id="ret6"></a>[6] notwithstanding the ingenuity with which the
+author attempts to vindicate his favourite amusement.
+
+<br /></p><hr style="width: 35%;" /><br />
+<br />
+
+<h2 align="center">SHROPSHIRE AND WELSH GIRLS.</h2>
+
+<p>There are few Londoners who in their suburban strolls have failed to
+notice the scores of <em>female</em> fruit-carriers by whose toil the markets
+are supplied with some of their choicest delicacies. As an interesting
+illustration of the meritorious character of these handmaids to luxury,
+I send you the following extract from Sir Richard Phillips's <em>Walk from
+London to Kew</em>.</p>
+
+<p>PHILO.</p>
+
+<p>In the strawberry season, hundreds of women are employed to carry that
+delicate fruit to market on their heads; and their industry in
+performing this task is as wonderful, as their remuneration is unworthy
+of the opulent classes who derive enjoyment from their labour. They
+consist, for the most part, of Shropshire and Welsh girls, who walk to
+London at this season in droves, to perform this drudgery, just as the
+Irish peasantry come to assist in the hay and corn harvests. I learnt
+that these women carry upon their heads baskets of strawberries or
+raspberries, weighing from forty to fifty pounds, and make two turns in
+the day, from Isleworth to market, a distance of thirteen miles each
+way; three turns from Brentford, a distance of nine miles; and four
+turns from Hammersmith, a distance of six miles. For the most part, they
+find some conveyance back; but even then these industrious creatures
+carry loads from twenty-four to thirty miles a-day, besides walking back
+unladen some part of each turn! Their remuneration for this unparalleled
+slavery is from 8<em>s</em>. to 9<em>s</em>. per day; each turn from the distance of
+Isleworth being 4<em>s</em>. or 4<em>s</em>. 6<em>d</em>.; and from that of Hammersmith 2<em>s</em>.
+or 2<em>s</em>. 3<em>d</em>. Their diet is coarse and simple, their drink, tea and
+small-beer; costing not above 1<em>s</em>. or 1<em>s</em>. 6<em>d</em>. and their back
+conveyance about 2<em>s</em>. or 2<em>s</em>. 6<em>d</em>.; so that their net gains are about
+5<em>s</em>. per day, which, in the strawberry season, of forty days, amounts
+to 10<em>l</em>. After this period the same women find employment in gathering
+and marketing vegetables, at lower wages, for other sixty days, netting
+about 5<em>l</em>. more. With this poor pittance they return to their native
+county, and it adds either to their humble comforts, or creates a small
+dowry towards a rustic establishment for life. Can a more interesting
+picture be drawn of virtuous exertion? Why have our poets failed to
+colour and finish it? More virtue never existed in their favourite
+shepherdesses than in these Welsh and Shropshire girls! For beauty,
+symmetry, and complexion, they are not inferior to the nymphs of
+Arcadia, and they far outvie the pallid specimens of Circassia! Their
+morals too are exemplary; and they often perform this labour to support
+aged parents, or to keep their own children from the workhouse! In keen
+suffering, they endure all that the imagination of a poet could desire;
+they live hard, they sleep on straw in hovels and barns, and they often
+burst an artery, or drop down dead from the effect of heat and
+over-exertion! Yet, such is the state of one portion of our female
+population, at a time when we are calling ourselves the most polished
+nation on earth.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<br />
+
+<h2 align="center">COLEBROOK-DALE IRON-WORKS&mdash;THE REYNOLDS'.</h2>
+
+<p>(<em>To the Editor of the Mirror</em>.)</p>
+
+<p>In the interesting extract you have given in your excellent Miscellany
+(No. 321) from Bakewell's Introduction to Geology, when speaking of the
+exhausted or impoverished state of the iron-ore and coals in Shropshire,
+&amp;c., an allusion is made in a note to that truly excellent man, the late
+Mr. Richard Reynolds, and to the final extinction of the furnaces at
+Colebrook-Dale, which is not altogether correct.</p>
+
+<p>I beg leave, therefore, to point out the errors to you, and to add a
+fact or two more relating to that distinguished philanthropist and his
+family, which, perhaps, will not be unacceptable to many of your
+readers.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Reynolds was by no means the <em>original</em>, nor, I believe, ever the
+<em>sole</em> proprietor, of the iron-works in Colebrook-Dale, as stated by Mr.
+Bakewell; he derived his right in them from his wife's family the
+Darbies; and the firm of &quot;Darby and Company&quot; was the well known mark on
+the iron from these works for a very long period; more recently, that of
+&quot;Colebrook-Dale Company&quot; was adopted.</p>
+
+<p>The Darbies were an old and respectable family of the Society of
+Friends, and a pair of the elder branches of it were the original &quot;Darby
+and Joan,&quot; whose names are so well known throughout the whole kingdom. I
+had this anecdote from one of the sons of Mr. Reynolds,<a name="ret7" id="ret7"></a>[7] and have no
+doubt of its authenticity.</p>
+
+<p>It may not be generally known to your readers, perhaps, that the first
+iron bridge in England was projected at, and cast from, the furnaces of
+Colebrook-Dale, and erected over the Severn, near that place, about the
+year 1779; and, considering it to be the <em>first</em> bridge of the kind, I
+feel little hesitation in stating it to be, even now, the most beautiful
+one. This structure, at that time thought to be a wonderful attempt, was
+the entire offspring of Mr. Reynolds' genius; it was planned, cast, and
+erected, under his immediate care and superintendance.</p>
+
+<p>I cannot suppose the reason given by your author for the discontinuance
+of the works at Colebrook-Dale to be correct, as there is another large
+furnace in the immediate neighbourhood, called &quot;Madeley Wood Furnace&quot;
+(also belonging to Mr. Reynolds's family), which was allowed to make,
+and, I believe, still makes, the best iron and steel in the United
+Kingdom. Mr. Reynolds had also other great iron-works at Ketley, since
+carried on by his two sons, William and Joseph, and still in high
+reputation, as to the quality of the iron made there; these are not more
+distant from Colebrook-Dale than six or seven miles, and between the two
+there are the extensive and highly valuable works of &quot;Old Park,&quot; &amp;c.,
+belonging to Mr. Botfield (so that the whole district abounds in the
+materials), which not having the advantage of the immediate vicinity of
+the Severn for conveyance, would have been more likely to have stopped
+from the circumstances stated in your extract; <em>viz.</em> the failure in
+quality or quantity of iron-stone, coals, or other necessary matter. The
+Colebrook-Dale fires must, therefore, I conceive, have ceased to blaze,
+and the blast of her furnaces to roar, from some other cause, and from
+some private reason of her late proprietors.</p>
+
+<p>Your constant reader,</p>
+
+<p><em>Shrewsbury.</em> SALOPIENSIS.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<br />
+
+<h2 align="center">NOTES OF A READER.</h2>
+
+<p><strong>TRAGEDY</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>We do not see any necessary and natural connexion between death and the
+end of the third volume of a novel, or the conclusion of the fifth act
+of a play,&mdash;though that connexion in some modern novels, and in most
+English tragedies, seems to be assumed. Nor does it seem to follow,
+that, because death is the object of universal dread and aversion, and
+because terror is one of the objects of tragedy, death must, therefore,
+necessarily be represented; and not only so, but the more deaths the
+better. If it be true that familiarity has a tendency to create
+indifference, if not contempt, it must be considered prudent to have
+recourse to this strong exhibition as to drastic remedies in medicine,
+with caution and discrimination, and with a view to the continuance of
+its effect. We cannot help wishing that our own Shakspeare, who lays
+down such excellent rules for the guidance of actors, and cautions them
+so earnestly against &quot;overstepping the modesty of nature,&quot; and the
+danger of &quot;tearing passion to rags,&quot; had remembered, that the poet
+himself has certain limits imposed upon him, which he cannot transgress
+with impunity. We should not then have observed, in the perusal of some
+of his plays, the marginal notice of [&quot;<em>dies</em>&quot;] with about as much
+emotion as a note of exclamation; nor, when at the actual
+representation, we behold the few remaining persons of the drama
+scarcely able to cross the stage without stumbling over the bodies of
+their fallen companions, should we have felt our thoughts unavoidably
+wandering from the higher business and moral effect of the scene, to the
+mere physical and repelling images of fleshly mortality.&mdash;<em>Edinburgh
+Rev.</em></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p>The inquiries of the committee appointed to devise means for the
+suppression of mendicity, leave us no reason to doubt that in an average
+of cases a London beggar made by &quot;his trade&quot; eighteen-pence per day, or
+twenty-seven pounds per annum!</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><em>One-ninth</em> of the whole population of Paris are wholly maintained by
+funds which the different bureaux of charity distribute for their
+relief; and still a countless horde of mendicants infest her streets,
+her quays, and all her public places.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p>Science and literature are &quot;the nourishment of youth, the delight of
+age, the ornaments of prosperous life, the refuge and consolation of
+adversity, the companions of our weary travels, of our rural solitudes,
+of our sleepless nights.&quot;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p>The following quotation from <em>Jamieson's Scottish Dictionary</em> points out
+the frugal and temperate Scot; and, in illustration, may be contrasted
+with the proverbial invitation of the better feeding English, &quot;Will you
+come and take your mutton with me?&quot;</p>
+
+<p>&quot;KAIL, used metonimically for the whole dinner; as constituting among
+our temperate ancestors the principal part, <em>s</em>.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Hence, in giving a friendly invitation to dinner, it is common to say,
+'Will you come and tak your <em>kail</em> wi' me?' This, as a learned friend
+observes, resembles the French invitation, <em>Voulez vous venir manger la
+soupe chez moi!</em>&quot;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>THE RIVER NILE</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>Ledyard, in his <em>Travels</em>, speaks thus contemptuously of this celebrated
+wonder:&mdash;&quot;This is the mighty, the sovereign of rivers&mdash;the vast Nile
+that has been metamorphosed into one of the wonders of the world! Let me
+be careful how I read, and, above all, how I read ancient history. You
+have heard, and read too, much of its inundations. If the thousands of
+large and small canals from it, and the thousands of men and machines
+employed to transfer, by artificial means, the water of the Nile to the
+meadows on its banks&mdash;if this be the inundation that is meant, it is
+true; any other is false; it is not an inundating river.&quot;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p>The Jewish children to this day celebrate the fall and death of Haman,
+and on that anniversary represent the blows which they would fain deal
+on his scull, by striking with envenomed fury on the floor with wooden
+hammers. This observance was but very lately forbidden in the Grand
+Duchy of Baden.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>TRAVELLING FOLLIES</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Many gentlemen,&quot; says an old English author, &quot;coming to their lands
+sooner than to their wits, adventure themselves to see the fashion of
+other countries; whence they see the world, as Adam had knowledge of
+good and evil, with the loss or lessening of their estate in this
+English Paradise; and bring home a few smattering terms, flattering
+garbs, apish carriages, foppish fancies, foolish guises and disguises,
+the vanities of neighbour nations.&quot;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p>The Spaniards are infinitely more careful than the French, and other
+nations, in planting trees, and in taking care of them; for it rarely
+happens, when a Spaniard eats fruit in a wood or in the open country,
+that he does not set the stones or the pips; and thus in the whole of
+their country an infinite number of fruit-trees of all kinds are found;
+whereas, in the French quarters you meet with none&mdash;<em>Labat.</em></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>PAINTING</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>It is painful to think how soon the paintings of Raphael, and Titian,
+and Correggio, and other illustrious men will perish and pass away. &quot;How
+long,&quot; said Napoleon to David, &quot;will a picture last?&quot; &quot;About four or
+five hundred years!&mdash;a fine immortality!&quot; The poet multiplies his works
+by means of a cheap material&mdash;and Homer, and Virgil, and Dante, and
+Tasso, and Moliere, and Milton, and Shakspeare, may bid oblivion
+defiance; the sculptor impresses his conceptions on metal or on marble,
+and expects to survive the wreck of nations and the wrongs of time; but
+the painter commits to perishable cloth or wood the visions of his
+fancy, and dies in the certain assurance that the life of his works will
+be but short in the land they adorn.&mdash;<em>For. Rev.</em></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p>A Chinese novelist, in describing his hero, says, &quot;the air of the
+mountains and rivers had formed his body; his mind, like a rich piece of
+embroidery, was worthy of his handsome face!&quot; Pity he has not been
+introduced among our &quot;fashionable novels.&quot;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>PHRENOLOGY</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>In 1805, Dr. Gall, the celebrated phrenologist, visited the prison of
+Berlin in the course of his experimental travels to establish his
+theories. On April 17, in the presence of many witnesses, he was shown
+upwards of two hundred culprits, of whom he had never heard till that
+moment, and to whose crimes and dispositions he was a total stranger.
+Dr. Gall immediately pointed out, as a general feature in one of the
+wards, an extraordinary development in the region of the head where the
+organ of theft is situated, and in fact every prisoner there was a
+thief. Some children, also detained for theft, were then shown to him;
+and in them, too, the same organ was very prominent. In two of them
+particularly it was excessively large; and the prison-registers
+confirmed his opinion that these two were most incorrigible. In another
+room, where the women were kept apart, he distinguished one drest
+exactly like the others, occupied like them, and differing in no one
+thing but in the form of her head. &quot;For what reason is this woman here,&quot;
+asked Gall, &quot;for her head announces no propensity to theft?&quot; The answer
+was, &quot;She is the inspectress of this room.&quot; One prisoner had the organs
+of benevolence and of religion as strongly developed as those of theft
+and cunning; and his boast was, that he never had committed an act of
+violence, and that it was repugnant to his feelings to rob a church. In
+a man named Fritze, detained for the murder of his wife, though his
+crime was not proved, the organs of cunning and firmness were fully
+developed; and it was by these that he had eluded conviction. In
+Maschke, he found the organ of the mechanical arts, together with a head
+very well organized in many respects; and his crime was coining. In
+Troppe he saw the same organ. This man was a shoemaker, who, without
+instruction, made clocks and watches, to gain a livelihood in his
+confinement. On a nearer inspection, the organ of imitation was found to
+be large. &quot;If this man had ever been near a theatre,&quot; said Gall, &quot;he
+would in all probability have turned actor.&quot; Troppe, astonished at the
+accuracy of this sentence, confessed that he had joined a company of
+strolling players for six months. His crime, too, was having personated
+a police-officer, to extort money. The organs of circumspection,
+prurience, foresight, were sadly deficient in Heisig, who, in a drunken
+fit, had stabbed his best friend. In some prisoners he found the organ
+of language, in others of colour, in others of mathematics; and his
+opinion in no single instance failed to be confirmed by the known
+talents and dispositions of the individual.&mdash;<em>For. Q. Rev.</em></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>SAVING HABITS OF THE ENGLISH</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>According to the House of Commons' returns in 1815, there were no fewer
+than 925,439 individuals in England and Wales, being about
+<em>one-eleventh</em> of the then existing population, members of <em>Friendly
+Societies</em>, formed for the express purpose of affording protection to
+the members during sickness and old age, and enabling them to subsist
+without resorting to the parish funds. &quot;No such unquestionable proof of
+the prevalence of a spirit of providence and independence can be
+exhibited in any other European country.&quot; We have to add, that these
+must be the happiest people in the social scale.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p>In the year 1300, Giovanni Cimabue
+and Giotto, both of Florence, were the
+first to assert the natural dignity and originality
+of art, and the story of those
+illustrious friends is instructive and romantic.
+The former was a gentleman
+by birth and scholarship, and brought to
+his art a knowledge of the poetry and
+sculpture of Greece and Rome. The latter
+was <em>a shepherd</em>; when the inspiration
+of art fell upon him, he was watching his
+flocks among the hills, and his first attempts
+in art were to draw his sheep and
+goats upon rocks and stones. It happened
+that Cimabue, who was then high
+in fame, observed the sketches of the
+gifted shepherd; entered into conversation
+with him; heard from his own lips his
+natural notions of the dignity of art; and
+was so much charmed by his compositions
+and conversation, that he carried
+him to Florence, and became his close
+and intimate friend and associate. They
+found Italian painting rude in form, and
+without spirit and without sentiment;
+they let out their own hearts fully in their
+compositions, and to this day their works
+are highly esteemed for grave dignity of
+character, and for originality of conception.
+Of these great Florentines, Giotto, the
+shepherd, is confessedly the more eminent;
+in him we see the dawn, or rather
+the sunrise, of the fuller light of Raphael.
+&mdash;<em>For. Rev.</em>
+<br /></p><hr style="width: 35%;" /><br />
+
+<p><strong>A REAL HERO</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>In a <em>recherch&eacute;</em> article in the <em>Foreign Quarterly Review</em> we meet with
+the following marvellous story of Sterkodder, a sort of giant-killing
+hero of the North, who, having reached his 90th year, became infirm,
+blind, and eager to die. To leave the world in a natural way was out of
+the question; and to be dispatched to the Hall of Odin by an ignoble
+hand was scarcely less to be dreaded. Leaning on two crutches, with a
+sword at each side, he waited for some one to give him the mortal
+stroke. To tempt the avarice of such a one, he suspended from his neck a
+valuable gold chain. He slew a peasant passing, who, rallying him on his
+infirm state, had ventured to beg one of his swords, as neither could
+any longer be of service to him. At last his good fortune brought him a
+worthy executioner in Hather, the son of a prince whom he had slain. The
+young hero was hunting, and seeing the old man, he ordered two of his
+attendants to tease him. Both lost their lives for their temerity. The
+prince then advanced; and the old man, after relating his great actions,
+desired the former to kill him. To make the inducement stronger, he
+displayed the golden chain, which would be the reward of the deed; and
+to excite his rage, as well as avarice, he avowed that it was he who had
+slain the late prince, and that revenge was the sacred duty of the son.
+Influenced by both considerations, the latter consented to behead him.
+Sterkodder exhorted him to strike manfully. The head was accordingly
+severed from the body at a single blow; and as it touched the earth, the
+teeth fastened themselves furiously in the ground.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>WORKHOUSES</strong></p>
+
+<p>Were first erected in England in the year 1723, when they had an instant
+and striking effect in reducing the number of poor. Indeed the aversion
+of the poor to workhouses was so great, that Sir F.M. Eden mentions that
+some proposed, by way of weakening this aversion, &quot;to call workhouses by
+some softer and more inoffensive name.&quot; Previously to this date, it had
+been customary to relieve the able-bodied poor at their own houses.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>MARRIAGES IN CHINA</strong></p>
+
+<p>Are effected through the assistance of go-betweens, who enjoy, however,
+a very different repute from those of Europe, inasmuch as, among the
+former, the employ is of the most honourable character.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p>There are 300 palaces at Rome, of which 65 only are worth seeing, and
+these are defined to be houses which have arched gateways into which
+carriages can drive. Some of these palaces contain pictures and statues
+worth 130 or 160,000<em>l</em>., but with scarce a window whose panes are all
+whole, or a clean staircase.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>HORRORS OF THE INQUISITION IN SPAIN</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>Endless was the catalogue of most pious men and eminent scholars who
+underwent purification, as it is termed, in this den of superstition and
+tyranny. The culprit was not permitted to speak with his attorney,
+except in the presence of the inquisitor and a notary, who took notes,
+and certified what passed; and so far from the names of the informer or
+of the witnesses being supplied, every thing that could facilitate the
+explanation of them was expunged from the declarations; and the
+prisoners, one and all, in these dungeons might truly exclaim, with Fray
+Luis de Leon, &quot;I feel the pain, but see not the hand which inflicts
+it.&quot; Even in the early days of the inquisition, torture was carried to
+such an extent, that Sextus IV., in a brief published Jan. 29, 1482,
+could not refrain from deploring the wellknown truth, in lamentations
+which were re-echoed from all parts of Christendom. The formula of the
+sentence of torture began thus, <em>Christo nomine invocato</em>; and it was
+therein expressed, that the torture should endure as long as it pleased
+the inquisitors; and a protest was added, that, if during the torture
+the culprit should die, or be maimed, or if effusion of blood or
+mutilation of limb should ensue, the fault should be chargeable to the
+culprit, and not to the inquisitors. The culprit was bound by an oath of
+secresy, strengthened by fearful penalties, not to divulge any thing
+that he had seen, known, or heard, in the dismal precincts of that
+unholy tribunal&mdash;a secresy illegal and tyrannical, but which constituted
+the soul of that monstrous association, and by which its judges were
+sheltered against all responsibility.&mdash;<em>For. Rev.</em></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>COLONIZATION</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>In the colonization of the West Indies, &quot;when a city was to be founded,
+the first form prescribed was, with all solemnity, to erect a gallows,
+as the first thing needful; and in laying out the ground, a site was
+marked for the prison as well as for the church.&quot;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p>&quot;An attempt to handle the English law of evidence, in its former state,&quot;
+says the <em>Edinburgh Review</em>, &quot;was like taking up a hedgehog&mdash;all
+points!&quot;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p>Man is not quite so manageable in the hands of science as boiling water
+or a fixed star.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>PICTURE OF CONSTANTINOPLE</strong>.</p>
+
+<p><em>(From the French of Lebrun.)</em></p>
+
+<p>Queen of the Morn! Sultana of the East!<br />
+City of wonders, on whose sparkling breast,<br />
+Fair, slight, and tall, a thousand palaces<br />
+Fling their gay shadows over golden seas!<br />
+Where towers and domes bestud the gorgeous land,<br />
+And countless masts, a mimic forest stand;<br />
+Where cypress shades the minaret's snowy hue,<br />
+And gleams of gold dissolve in skies of blue,<br />
+Daughter of Eastern art, the most divine&mdash;<br />
+Lovely, yet faithless bride of Constantine&mdash;<br />
+Fair Istamboul, whose tranquil mirror flings<br />
+Back with delight thy thousand colourings,<br />
+And who no equal in the world dost know,<br />
+Save thy own image pictured thus below!</p>
+
+<p>Dazzled, amazed, our eyes half-blinded, fail,<br />
+While sweeps the phantasm past our gliding sail&mdash;<br />
+Like as in festive scene, some sudden light<br />
+Rises in clouds of stars upon the night.<br />
+Struck by a splendour never seen before,<br />
+Drunk with the perfumes wafted from the shore,<br />
+Approaching near these peopled groves, we deem<br />
+That from enchantment rose the gorgeous dream,<br />
+Day without voice, and motion without sound,<br />
+Silently beautiful! The haunted ground<br />
+Is paved with roofs beyond the bounds of sight,<br />
+Countless, and coloured, wrapped in golden light.<br />
+'Mid groves of cypress, measureless and vast,<br />
+In thousand forms of circles&mdash;crescents&mdash;cast,<br />
+Gold glitters, spangling all the wide extent,<br />
+And flashes back to heaven the rays it sent.<br />
+Gardens and domes, bazaars begem the woods;<br />
+Seraglios, harems&mdash;peopled solitudes,<br />
+Where the veil'd idol kneels; and vistas, through<br />
+Barr'd lattices, that give the enamoured view,<br />
+Flowers, orange-trees, and waters sparkling near,<br />
+And black and lovely eyes,&mdash;Alas, that Fear,<br />
+At those heaven-gates, dark sentinel should stand,<br />
+To scare even Fancy from her promised land!</p>
+
+<p><em>Foreign Quar. Rev.</em></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<br />
+
+<h2 align="center">THE SKETCH BOOK.</h2>
+
+<p><strong>THE MYSTERIOUS TAILOR</strong>.</p>
+
+<p><em>A Romance of High Holborn.</em></p>
+
+<p><em>(Concluded from page 46.)</em></p>
+<br />
+
+<p>On recovering from my stupor, I found myself with a physician and two
+apothecaries beside me, in bed at the George Inn, Ramsgate. I had been,
+it seems, for two whole days delirious, during which pregnant interval I
+had lived over again all the horrors of the preceding hours. The wind
+sang in my ears, the phantom forms of the unburied flitted pale and
+ghastly before my eyes. I fancied that I was still on the sea; that the
+massive copper-coloured clouds which hovered scarcely a yard overhead,
+were suddenly transformed into uncouth shapes, who glared at me from
+between saffron chinks, made by the scudding wrack; that the waters
+teemed with life, cold, slimy, preternatural things of life; that their
+eyes after assuming a variety of awful expressions, settled down into
+that dull frozen character, and their voices into that low, sepulchral,
+indefinable tone, which marked the Mysterious Tailor. This wretch was
+the Abaddon of my dreamy Pandaemonium. He was ever before me; he lent an
+added splendour to the day, and deepened the midnight gloom. On the
+heights of Bologne I saw him; far away over the foaming waters he
+floated still and lifeless beside me, his eye never once off my face,
+his voice never silent in my ear.</p>
+
+<p>My tale would scarcely have an end, were I to repeat but the one half of
+what during two brief days (two centuries in suffering) I experienced
+from this derangement of the nervous system. My readers may fancy that I
+have exaggerated my state of mind: far from it, I have purposely
+softened down the more distressing particulars, apprehensive, if not of
+being discredited, at least of incurring ridicule. Towards the close of
+the third day my fever began to abate, I became more sobered in my turn
+of thought, could contrive to answer questions, and listen with
+tolerable composure to my landlord's details of my miraculous
+preservation. The storm was slowly rolling off my mind, but the swell
+was still left behind it. The fourth day found me so far recovered, that
+I was enabled to quit my chamber, sit beside an open window, and derive
+amusement from the uncouth appearance of a Dutch crew, whose brig was
+lying at anchor in the harbour. From this time forward, every hour
+brought fresh accession to my strength, until at the expiration of the
+tenth day&mdash;so sudden is recovery in cases of violent fever when once the
+crisis is passed&mdash;I was sufficiently restored to take my place by a
+night-coach for London. The first few stages I endured tolerably well,
+notwithstanding that I had somewhat rashly ventured upon an outside
+place; but as midnight drew on, the wind became so piercingly keen,
+accompanied every now and then by a squally shower of sleet, that I was
+glad to bargain for an inside berth. By good luck, there was just room
+enough left for one, which I instantly appropriated, in spite of sundry
+hints <em>hemmed</em> forth by a crusty old gentleman, that the coach was full
+already. I took my place in the coach, to the dissatisfaction of those
+already seated there. Not a word was spoken for miles: for the
+circumstance of its being dark increased the distrust of all, and, in
+the firm conviction that I was an adventurer, they had already, I make
+no doubt, buttoned up their pockets, and diligently adjusted their
+watch-chains. In a short time, this reserve wore away. From this moment
+the conversation became general. Each individual had some invalid story
+to relate, and I too, so far forgot my usual taciturnity as to indulge
+my hearers with a detail of my late indisposition&mdash;of its origin in the
+Mysterious Tailor&mdash;of the wretch's inconceivable persecution&mdash;of the
+fiendish peculiarities of his appearance&mdash;of his astonishing ubiquity,
+and lastly, of my conviction that he was either more or less than man.
+Scarcely had the very uncourteous laughter that accompanied this
+narrative concluded, when a low, intermittent snore, proceeding from a
+person close at my elbow, challenged my most serious notice. The sound
+was peculiar&mdash;original&mdash;unearthly&mdash;and reminded me of the same music
+which had so harrowed my nerves at Bologne. Yet it could not surely be
+he&mdash;he, the very thoughts of whom now sent a thrill through every vein.
+Oh, no! it must be some one else&mdash;there were other harmonious
+sternutators beside him, he could not be the only nasal nightingale in
+the three kingdoms. While I thus argued the matter, silently, yet
+suspiciously, a wandering gleam of day, streaming in at the coach
+windows, faintly lit up a nose the penultimate peculiarities of which
+gave a very ominous turn to my reflections. In due time this light
+became more vivid; and beneath its encouraging influence, first, a pair
+of eyes&mdash;then two sallow, juiceless cheeks, then an upper lip, then a
+projecting chin; and lastly, the entire figure of the Mysterious Tailor
+himself, whose head, it seems, had hitherto been folded, bird-like, upon
+his breast, grew into atrocious distinctness, while from the depths of
+the creature's throat came forth the strangely-solemn whisper, &quot;touching
+that little account.&quot; For this once, indignation got the better of
+affright. &quot;Go where I will,&quot; I exclaimed, passionately interrupting him,
+&quot;I find I cannot avoid you, you have a supernatural gift of
+omnipresence, but be you fiend or mortal I will now grapple with you;&quot;
+and accordingly snatching at that obnoxious feature which, like the tail
+of the rattle-snake, had twice warned me of its master's fatal presence,
+I grasped it with such zealous good will, that had it been of mortal
+manufacture it must assuredly have come off in my hands. Aroused by the
+laughter of my fellow passengers, the coachman&mdash;who was just preparing
+to mount, after having changed horses at Dartford&mdash;abruptly opened the
+door, on which I as abruptly jumped out; and after paying my fare the
+whole way to town, and casting on the fiend a look of &quot;inextinguishable
+hatred,&quot; made an instant retreat into the inn. About the middle of the
+next day I reached London, and without a moment's pause hurried to the
+lodgings of my beforementioned friend C----. Luckily he was at home, but
+started at the strange forlorn figure that presented itself. And well
+indeed he might. My eye-balls were glazed and bloody, my cheeks white as
+a shroud, my mouth a-jar, my lips blue and quivering. &quot;For God's sake,
+C----,&quot; I began, vouchsafing no further explanation, &quot;lend me&mdash;(I
+specified the sum)&mdash;or I am ruined; that infernal, inconceivable Tailor
+has&mdash;.&quot; C----smilingly interrupted me by an instant compliance with my
+demand; on which, without a moment's delay, I bounded off, breathless
+and semi-frantic, towards my arch fiend's Pandaemonium at High Holborn.
+I cannot&mdash;cannot say what I felt as I crossed over from Drury-lane
+towards his den, more particularly when, on entering, I beheld the demon
+himself behind his counter&mdash;calm, moveless, and sepulchral, as if
+nothing of moment had occurred; as if he were an every-day dun, or I an
+every-day debtor. The instant he espied me, a sardonic smile, together
+with that appalling dissyllable, &quot;touching&quot; (which I never to this day
+hear, see, or write without a shudder) escaped him; but before he could
+close his oration, I had approached, trembling with rage and reverence,
+towards him, and, thrusting forth the exact sum, was rushing from his
+presence, when he beckoned me back for a receipt. A receipt, and from
+him too! It was like taking a receipt for one's soul from Satan!!</p>
+
+<p>The reader will doubtless conclude that, now at least, having
+satisfactorily settled his demands, I had done with my Tormentor for
+ever. This inference is in part correct. I followed up my vocation with
+an energy strangely contrasted with my recent indifference, was early
+and late in the schools, and for three months pursued this course with
+such ardour, that my adventures with the Mysterious Tailor, though not
+forgotten, were yet gradually losing their once powerful hold on my
+imagination. This was precisely the state of my feelings, when early one
+autumnal morning, just seven months from the date of my last visit to
+High Holborn, I chanced to be turning down Saint Giles's Church, on my
+way to&mdash;Hospital. I had nothing to render me more than usually pensive;
+no new vexations, no sudden pecuniary embarrassment; yet it so happened,
+that on this particular morning I felt a weight at my heart, and a cloud
+on my brain, for which I could in no way account. As I passed along
+Broad Street, I made one or two bold attempts to rally. I stared
+inquisitively at the different passers by, endeavouring, by a snatch at
+the expression of their faces, to speculate on the turn of their minds,
+and the nature of their occupations; I then began to whistle and hum
+some lively air, at the same time twirling my glove with affected
+unconcern; but nothing would do; every exertion I made to appear
+cheerful, not only found no answering sympathy from within, but even
+exaggerated by constrast my despondency. In this condition I reached
+Saint Giles's Church. A crowd was assembled at the gate opposite its
+entrance, and presently the long surly toll of the death-bell&mdash;that
+solemn and oracular memento&mdash;announced that a funeral was on the eve of
+taking place. The funeral halted at the entrance gate, where the coffin
+was taken from the hearse, and and thence borne into the chancel. This
+ceremony concluded, the procession again set forth towards the home
+appointed for the departed in a remote quarter of the church-yard. And
+now the interest began in reality to deepen. As the necessary
+preparations were making for lowering the coffin into earth, the
+mourners&mdash;even those who had hitherto looked unmoved&mdash;pressed gradually
+nearer, and with a momentary show of interest, to the grave. Such is the
+ennobling character of death.</p>
+
+<p>The preparations were by this time concluded, and nothing now remained
+but the last summons of the sexton. At this juncture, while the coffin
+was being lowered into its resting place, my eyes, accidentally, it may
+be said, but in reality by some fatal instinct, fell full upon the lid,
+on which I instantly recognised a name, long and fearfully known to
+me&mdash;the name of the Mysterious Tailor of High Holborn. Oh, how many
+thrilling recollections did this one name recal? The rencontre in the
+streets of London&mdash;the scene at the masquerade&mdash;the meeting at
+Bologne&mdash;the storm&mdash;the shipwreck&mdash;the sinking vessel&mdash;the appearance at
+that moment of <em>the man</em> himself&mdash;the subsequent visions of mingled
+fever and insanity: all, all now swept across my mind, as for the last
+time I gazed on the remains of him who was powerless henceforth for
+ever. In a few minutes one little span of earth would keep down that
+strange form which seemed once endowed with ubiquity. That wild
+unearthly voice was mute; that wandering glance was fixed; a seal was
+set upon those lips which eternity itself could not remove. Yes, my
+Tormentor&mdash;my mysterious&mdash;omnipresent Tormentor was indeed gone; and in
+that one word, how much of vengeance was forgotten! I was roused from
+this reverie by the hollow sound of the clay as it fell dull and heavy
+on the coffin-lid. The poor sleeper beneath could not hear it, it is
+true; his slumber, henceforth, was sound; the full tide of human
+population pressing fast beside the spot where he lay buried, should
+never wake him more: no human sorrow should rack his breast, no dream
+disturb his repose; yet cold, changed, and senseless as he was, the
+first sound of the falling clods jarred strange and harsh upon my ear,
+as if it must perforce awake him. In this feverish state of mind I
+quitted the church-yard, and, on my road home, passed by the shop where
+I had first met with the deceased. It was altered&mdash;strangely altered&mdash;to
+my mind, revoltingly so. Its quaint antique character, its dingy
+spectral look were gone, and there was even a studied air of
+cheerfulness about it, as if the present proprietor were anxious to
+obliterate every association, however slight, that might possibly remind
+him of the past. The former owner had but just passed out, his ashes
+were scarcely cold, and already his name was on the wane. Yet this is
+human nature. So trifling, in fact, is the gap caused by our absence in
+society, that there needs no patriotic Curtius to leap into it; it
+closes without a miracle the instant it is made, and none but a
+disinterested Undertaker knows or cares for whom tolls our passing bell.</p>
+
+<p><em>Monthly Magazine.</em></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<h2 align="center">SPIRIT OF THE</h2>
+
+<h2 align="center">PUBLIC JOURNALS.</h2>
+<br />
+
+<p><strong>THE TOUR OF DULNESS</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>From her throne of clouds, as Dulness look'd<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">On her foggy and favour'd nation,</span><br /><br />
+She sleepily nodded her poppy-crown'd head,<br />
+And gently waved her sceptre of lead,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">In token of approbation.</span><br /><br />
+<br />
+</p><p>For the north-west wind brought clouds and gloom,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Blue devils on earth, and mists in the air;</span><br /><br />
+Of parliamentary prose some died,<br />
+Some perpetrated suicide,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">And her empire flourish'd there.</span><br /><br />
+<br />
+</p><p>The Goddess look'd with a gracious eye<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">On her ministers great and small;</span><br /><br />
+But most she regarded with tenderness<br />
+Her darling shrine, the Minerva Press,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">In the street of Leadenhall.</span><br /><br />
+<br />
+</p><p>This was her sacred haunt, and here<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Her name was most adored,</span><br /><br />
+Her chosen here officiated.<br />
+And hence her oracles emanated,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">And breathed the Goddess in every word.</span><br /><br />
+<br />
+</p><p>She pass'd from the east to the west, and paused<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">In New Burlington-street awhile,</span><br /><br />
+To inspire a few puffs for Colburn and Co.<br />
+And indite some dozen novels or so<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">In the fashionable style.</span><br />
+
+<br /></p><hr style="width: 35%;" /><br />
+
+<p>Then turning her own Magazine to inspect,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">She was rather at fault, as of late</span><br />
+The colour and series both were new;<br />
+But the Goddess, with discernment true,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Detected it by the weight.</span><br />
+
+</p><p>She cross'd the Channel next, and peep'd<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">At Dublin; but the zeal</span><br />
+Of the liberty boys soon put her to flight.<br />
+And she dropp'd her mantle in her fright,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Which fell on Orator Shiel.</span><br />
+
+</p><p>Thence sped she to the Land of Cakes,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">The land she loves and its possessors;</span><br />
+She loves its Craniologists,<br />
+Political Economists,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">And all Scotch <em>mists</em> and Scotch Professors.</span><br />
+
+</p><p>And chiefly she on McCulloch smiled,<br />
+As a mother smiles on her darling child,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Or a lady on her lover;</span><br />
+Then, bethinking her of Parliament,<br />
+She hasten'd South, but ere she went,<br />
+She promised if nothing occurr'd to prevent,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">To return when the Session was over.</span><br />
+
+</p><p><em>Blackwood's Magazine.</em></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p>CANNIBALISM.</p>
+
+<p>In great cities, cannibalism takes an infinite variety of shapes. In the
+neighbourhood of St. James's-street there are numerous slaughter-houses,
+where men are daily consumed by the operation of cards and dice; and
+where they are caught by the same bait, at which Quin said he should
+have infallibly bitten. A similar process is likewise carried on in
+'Change Alley, on a great scale; not to speak of that snare especially
+set for widows and children, called a &quot;joint stock speculation.&quot; But
+your cannibal of cannibals is a parliament patron. Here, a great borough
+proprietor swallows a regiment at a single gulp; and there, the younger
+son of a lord ruminates over a colony till the very crows cannot find a
+dinner in it; and there again, a duke or a minister, himself and his
+family, having first &quot;supped full of horrors,&quot; casts a diocese to the
+side-table, to be mumbled at leisure by his son's tutor. The town is
+occasionally very indignant and very noisy against the gouls of
+Surgeons' Hall, because they live upon the dead carcasses of their
+fellow-creatures; while, strange to say, it takes but little account of
+the hordes of wretches who openly, and in the face of day, hunt down
+living men in their nefarious dealings as porter brewers, quack doctors,
+informers, attorneys, manufacturers of bean flour, alum, and Portland
+stone; and torture their subjects like so many barbacued pigs, in the
+complicated processes of their cookery.&mdash;<em>New Month. Mag.</em></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>SIGNS OF THE TIMES</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;They say this town is full of cozenage,<br />
+As nimble jugglers that deceive the eye,<br />
+Disguised cheaters, prating mountebanks,<br />
+And many such like libertines of sin.&quot;<br />
+SHAKSPEARE.</p>
+
+<p><strong>Caveat emptor</strong>! This is the age of fraud, imposture, substitution,
+transmutation, adulteration, abomination, contamination, and many others
+of the same sinister ending, always excepting purification. Every thing
+is debased and sophisticated, and &quot;nothing is but what is not.&quot; All
+things are mixed, lowered, debased, deteriorated, by our cozening
+dealers and shopkeepers; and, bad as they are, there is every reason to
+fear that they are &quot;mox daturos progeniem vitiosiorem.&quot; We wonder at the
+increase of bilious and dyspeptic patients, at the number of new books
+upon stomach complaints, at the rapid fortunes made by practitioners who
+undertake (the very word is ominous) to cure indigestion; but how can it
+be otherwise, when Accum, before he took to quoting with his scissors,
+assured us there was &quot;poison in the pot;&quot; when a recent writer has
+shown that there are still more deleterious ingredients in the
+wine-bottle; and when we ourselves have all had dismal intestine
+evidence that our bread is partly made of ground bones, alum, plaster of
+Paris; our tea, of aloe-leaves; our beer, of injurious drugs; our milk,
+of snails and chalk; and that even the water supplied to us by our
+companies is any thing rather than the real Simon Pure it professes to
+be. Not less earnestly than benevolently do our quack doctors implore us
+to beware of spurious articles; Day and Martin exhort us not to take our
+polish from counterfeit blacking: every advertiser beseeches the
+&quot;pensive public&quot; to be upon its guard against supposititious
+articles&mdash;all, in short, is knavery, juggling, cheating, and
+deception.&mdash;<em>Ibid.</em></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<h2 align="center">Retrospective Gleanings</h2>
+
+<p><strong>SONNET</strong></p>
+
+<p>BY HENRY TEONOE, A SEA CHAPLAIN IN THE REIGN OF CHARLES II.</p>
+
+<p><em>Composed October the First, over against the East part of Candia.</em></p>
+
+<p>O! Ginnee was a bony lasse,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Which maks the world to woonder</span><br />
+How ever it should com to passe<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">That wee did part a sunder.</span><br />
+
+</p><p>The driven snow, the rose so rare,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">The glorious sunne above thee,</span><br />
+Can not with my Ginnee compare,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">She was so wonderous lovely.</span><br />
+
+</p><p>Her merry lookes, her forhead high,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Her hayre like golden-wyer,</span><br />
+Her hand and foote, her lipe or eye,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Would set a saint on fyre.</span><br />
+
+</p><p>And for to give Giunee her due,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Thers no ill part about her;</span><br />
+The turtle-dove's not half so true;<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Then whoe can live without her?</span><br />
+
+</p><p>King Solomon, where ere he lay,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Did nere unbrace a kinder;</span><br />
+O! why should Ginnee gang away,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">And I be left behind her?</span><br />
+
+</p><p>Then will I search each place and roome<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">From London to Virginny,</span><br />
+From Dover-peere to Scanderoone,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">But I will finde my Ginny.</span><br />
+
+</p><p>But Ginny's turned back I feare,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">When that I did not mind her;</span><br />
+Then back to England will I steare,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">To see where I can find her.</span><br />
+
+</p><p>And haveing Ginnee once againe,<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">If sheed doe her indeavour,</span><br />
+The world shall never make us twaine&mdash;<br />
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Weel live and dye together.</span></p>
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>SONG BY KING CHARLES II</strong>.</p>
+
+<p><em>On the Duchess of Portsmouth leaving England.</em></p>
+
+<p><em>(For the Mirror.)</em></p>
+
+<p>Bright was the morning, cool the air,<br />
+Serene was all the skies;<br />
+When on the waves I left my dear,<br />
+The center of my joys;<br />
+Heav'n and nature smiling were.<br />
+And nothing sad but I.</p>
+
+<p>Each rosy field their odours spread,<br />
+All fragrant was the shore;<br />
+Each river God rose from his bed,<br />
+And sighing own'd her pow'r;<br />
+Curling the waves they deck'd their heads,<br />
+As proud of what they bore.</p>
+
+<p>Glide on ye waves, bear these lines,<br />
+And tell her my distress;<br />
+Bear all these sighs, ye gentle winds,<br />
+And waft them to her breast;<br />
+Tell her if e'er she prove unkind,<br />
+I never shall have rest.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<h2 align="center">The Anecdote Gallery</h2>
+
+<p><strong>VOLTAIRE</strong>.</p>
+
+<p><em>(From various Authorities.)</em></p>
+
+<p>The Chateau of Ferney, the celebrated residence of Voltaire, six miles
+from Geneva, is a place of very little picturesque beauty: its broad
+front is turned to the high road, without any regard to the prospect,
+and the garden is adorned with cut trees, parapet walls with
+flower-pots, jets d'eaux, &amp;c. Voltaire's bed-room is shown in its
+pristine state, just as he left it in 1777, when, after a residence of
+twenty years, he went to Paris to enjoy a short triumph and die. Time
+and travellers have much impaired the furniture of light-blue silk, and
+the Austrians, quartered in the house during the late war, have not
+improved it; the bed-curtains especially, which for the last forty years
+have supplied each traveller with a precious little bit, hastily torn
+off, are of course in tatters. The bedstead is of common deal, coarsely
+put together; a miserable portrait of Le Kain, in crayons, hangs inside
+of the bed, and two others, equally bad, on each side, Frederic and
+Voltaire himself. Round the room are bad prints of Washington, Franklin,
+Sir Isaac Newton, and several other celebrated personages; the
+ante-chamber is decorated with naked figures, in bad taste; each of
+these rooms may be 12 feet by 15.</p>
+
+<p>Such is the narrative of an intelligent traveller, who recently visited
+Ferney. &quot;Very few,&quot; says he, &quot;remain alive, of those who saw the poet: a
+gardener who conducted us about the grounds had that advantage; he
+showed us the place where the theatre stood, filling the space on the
+left-hand side in entering, between the chateau and the chapel, but the
+inscription on the last, <em>Voltaire &agrave; Dieu</em>, was removed during the reign
+of terror. The <em>old</em> gardener spoke favourably of his <em>old</em> master, who
+was, he said, <em>bon homme tout-a-fait, bien charitable,</em> and took an
+airing every morning in his coach and four.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>In the sitting-room, adjoining the bedroom, which he was accustomed to
+occupy, besides some good ancient paintings, is a very singular picture,
+which was painted according to Voltaire's direction. The principal
+personages are Voltaire, holding in his hand a roll of paper inscribed
+La Henriade; next him is a female personification of this favourite
+poem, whom he is presenting to Apollo crowned with rays of glory; Louis
+XIV. with his queen and court, are observing these chief figures. In
+another part, the Muses are crowning the burst of Voltaire with wreaths
+of flowers, and proposing to place it with those of other immortal
+authors in the Temple of Fame. The bottom of the picture is occupied by
+his enemies, who are being torn to pieces by wild beasts, or burning in
+flames of fire.</p>
+
+<p>In the bed-room is a marble cenotaph, on which is an urn that formerly
+contained the heart of Voltaire, which was removed several years ago,
+and placed in the church of Les Invalides at Paris. In this room also is
+an engraving of Voltaire's monument in the church-yard of Ferney. In
+this, four figures, representing the four quarters of the world, are
+preparing to honour his bust with wreaths of laurel and palms.
+Ignorance, meanwhile, with the wings of a fiend, armed with rods, is
+driving them away in the midst of their pacific employment, and
+extinguishing a lamp which burns above the tomb. It is a singular
+circumstance that Voltaire caused the church of Ferney to be built, as
+well as several houses in the village, and on an iron vane on the top of
+the former is inscribed, &quot;<em>Deo erexit Voltaire</em>.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>After his escape from the court of Frederic, Voltaire went first to
+Lausanne, were he resided some years, and where he fitted up a private
+theatre; his acquaintances there supplied him with performers, of whom
+it seems he was proud, and who acted for him Zaire, Alzira, and several
+other plays. Some spirited drawings of Huber represent him behind the
+scene teaching, scolding, encouraging the actors; you might have thought
+you heard his loud <em>bravo</em>! The part of Lusignan was frequently filled
+by the poet himself, who was so much taken with it as to be seen in the
+morning at the door of his house already dressed for the stage. Voltaire
+had a hollow wooden voice, and his declamation had more pomp in it than
+nature; yet in the part of Trissotin, in the Femmes Savantes, he
+performed very well.</p>
+
+<p>From Lausanne, where he quarrelled with several persons, he went, in
+1755, to St. Jean, close to Geneva, and gave to the house he occupied
+the name of <em>Les D&egrave;lices</em>, which it retains to this day. Ferney, which
+he bought soon after, became his permanent residence for twenty years.</p>
+
+<p>Strangers of distinction made a point of calling on the philosopher of
+Ferney, who for some years received their visits very willingly, giving
+them <em>f&ecirc;tes</em> and plays; but he became tired of this, and at last would
+only see those who could amuse him while he amused them. A quaker from
+Philadelphia, called Claude Gay, travelling in Europe, stayed some time
+at Geneva; he was known as the author of some Theological works, and
+liked for his good sense, moderation, and simplicity. Voltaire heard of
+him, his curiosity was excited, and he desired to see him. The quaker
+felt great reluctance, but suffered himself at last to be carried to
+Ferney, Voltaire having promised before hand to his friends that he
+would say nothing that could give him offence. At first he was delighted
+with the tall, straight, handsome quaker, his broad-brimmed hat, and
+plain drab suit of clothes; the mild and serene expression of his
+countenance; and the dinner promised to go off very well; yet he soon
+took notice of the great sobriety of his guest, and made jokes, to which
+he received grave and modest answers. The patriarchs, and the first
+inhabitants of the earth were next alluded to; by and by he began to
+sneer at the historical proofs of Revelation; but Claude was not to be
+driven away from his ground, and while examining these proofs, and
+arguing upon them rationally, he overlooked the light attacks of his
+adversary, when not to the point, appeared insensible to his sarcasms
+and wit, and remained always cool and serious. Voltaire's vivacity at
+last turned to downright anger; his eyes flashed fire whenever they met
+the benign and placid countenance of the quaker, and the dispute went so
+far at last, that the latter, getting up, said, &quot;Friend Voltaire!
+perhaps thou mayst come to understand these matters rightly; in the
+meantime, finding I can do thee no good, I leave thee, and so fare thee
+well!&quot; So saying he went away on foot, notwithstanding all entreaties,
+back again to Geneva, leaving the whole company in consternation.
+Voltaire immediately retired to his own room. M. Huber,<a name="ret8" id="ret8"></a>[8] who was
+present at this scene, made a drawing of the two actors.
+
+PHILO.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<h2 align="center">THE GATHERER.</h2>
+
+<p>A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+SHAKSPEARE.</p>
+<br />
+
+<p><strong>SIR W. JONES AND MR. DAY</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>One day, upon removing some books at the chambers of Sir William Jones,
+a large spider dropped upon the floor, upon which Sir William, with some
+warmth, said, &quot;Kill that spider, Day, kill that spider!&quot; &quot;No,&quot; said Mr.
+Day, with that coolness for which he was so conspicuous, &quot;I will not
+kill that spider, Jones; I do not know that I have a right to kill that
+spider! Suppose when you are going in your coach to Westminster Hall, a
+superior being, who, perhaps may have as much power over you as you have
+over this insect, should say to his companion, 'Kill that lawyer! kill
+that lawyer!' how should you like that, Jones? and I am sure, to most
+people, a lawyer is a more noxious animal than a spider.&quot;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>BISHOP</strong></p>
+
+<p>In Cambridge, this title is not confined to the dignitaries of the
+church; but <em>port</em> wine, made <em>copiously potable</em> by being mulled and
+burnt, with the <em>addenda</em> of roasted lemons all bristling like angry
+hedge-hogs (studded with cloves,) is dignified with the appellation of
+<em>Bishop</em>:</p>
+
+<p>Beneath some old oak, come and rest thee, my hearty;
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">Our foreheads with roses, oh! let us entwine!</span><br />
+And, inviting young Bacchus to be of the party,
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">We'll drown all our troubles in oceans of wine!</span><br />
+
+</p><p>And perfumed with <em>Macassar</em> or <em>Otto</em> of roses,
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">We'll pass round the BISHOP, the spice-breathing cup,</span><br />
+And take of that medicine such wit-breeding doses,
+<span style="layout-flow: horizontal; margin-left: 0.5em;">We'll knock <em>down</em> the god, or he shall knock us <em>up</em>.</span><br />
+
+<br /></p><hr style="width: 35%;" /><br />
+
+<p><strong>GAZETTED AND IN THE GAZETTE</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>These terms imply very different things. The son of a nobleman is
+<em>gazetted</em>, as a cornet in a regiment, and all his friends rejoice. John
+Thomson is <em>in the Gazette</em>, and all his friends lament.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>UNFORTUNATE CASE</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>A zealous priest in the north of Ireland missed a constant auditor from
+his congregation, in which schism had already made depredations. &quot;What
+keeps our friend Farmer B----away from us?&quot; was the anxious question
+proposed by the vigilant minister to his assistant, &quot;I have not seen him
+among us,&quot; continued he, &quot;these three weeks; I hope it is not
+Protestantism that keeps him away,&quot; &quot;No,&quot; was the reply, &quot;it is worse
+than that.&quot; &quot;Worse than Protestantism? God forbid it should,&mdash;Deism?&quot;
+&quot;No, worse than that.&quot; &quot;Worse than Deism! good heavens, I trust it is
+not Atheism.&quot; &quot;No, worse than Atheism!&quot; &quot;Impossible, nothing can be
+worse than Atheism!&quot; &quot;Yes, it is, your honour&mdash;<em>it is Rheumatism</em>!&quot;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>LIQUIDATING CLAIMS</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>During a remarkable wet summer, Joe Vernon, whose vocal taste and humour
+contributed for many years to the entertainment of the frequenters of
+Vauxhall Gardens, but who was not quite so good a <em>timist</em> in money
+matters as in music, meeting an acquaintance who had the misfortune to
+hold some of his unhonoured paper, was asked by him, not uninterestedly,
+how the gardens were going on? &quot;Oh, <em>swimmingly</em>!&quot; answered the jocose
+Joe. &quot;Glad to hear it,&quot; retorted the creditor, &quot;their <em>swimming</em> state,
+I hope, will cause the singers to <em>liquidate their notes</em>.&quot;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p>Mr. Samuel Deacon, a most respectable Baptist minister, who resided at
+Barton in Leicestershire, was not peculiarly happy in his cast of
+countenance or general appearance; conscious of the silly ridicule his
+unprepossessing <em>tout ensemble</em> occasionally excited, he made the
+following good-humoured, quaint remark:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>&quot;The carcass that you look at so,<br />
+Is not Sam Deacon, you must know,<br />
+But 'tis the carriage&mdash;the machine,<br />
+Which Samuel Deacon rideth in.&quot;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><strong>ADVANTAGES OF LOQUACITY</strong></p>
+
+<p>A very pretty woman, who was tediously loquacious, complained one day to
+Madame de Sevign&eacute;, that she was sadly tormented by her lovers. &quot;Oh,
+Madame,&quot; said Madame de Sevign&eacute; to her, with a smile, &quot;it is very easy
+to get rid of them: you have only to speak.&quot;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p><em>Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD 143, Strand, (near Somerset House,)
+London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHEN, 626, New Market, Leipsic; and by all
+Newsman and Booksellers.</em></p>
+
+<p>FOOTNOTES:</p>
+
+<p><a name="ft1" id="ft1"></a>[1] The old bridge was of wood, and 168 yards in length. It was the most
+ancient on the River Thames, except that of London, and is mentioned in
+a record of the 8th year of Henry III.</p>
+
+<p><a name="ft2" id="ft2"></a>[2] At the time the chapel fell, the sexton, while digging a grave was
+buried under the ruins, with another person, and his daughter. The
+latter, notwithstanding she lay covered seven hours, survived this
+misfortune seventeen years, and was her father's successor. The memory
+of this event is preserved by a print of this singular woman, engraved
+by M'Ardell.</p>
+
+<p><a name="ft3" id="ft3"></a>[3] The work is dedicated to Dr. Babington, "in remembrance of some
+delightful days passed in his society, and in gratitude for an
+uninterrupted friendship of a quarter of a century;" and in the preface
+the author, after saying that the characters are imaginary, intimates
+that "in the portrait of HALIEUS, given in the last dialogue, a
+likeness, he thinks, will not fail to be recognised to that of a most
+estimable physician, ardently beloved by his friends, and esteemed and
+venerated by the public."</p>
+
+<p><a name="ft4" id="ft4"></a>[4] In our last volume, this was erroneously attributed to Swift.</p>
+
+<p><a name="ft" id="ft5"></a>[5] See page 370, vol. xi. MIRROR.</p>
+
+      <p><a name="ft6" id="ft6"></a>[6] As "kill him, crimp him," &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p><a name="ft7" id="ft7"></a>[7] The late worthy and scientific Wm. Reynolds, of the Bank, near Ketley.</p>
+<p><a name="ft8" id="ft8"></a>[8] M. Huber was the father of the author of a work on the economy of
+bees, and the grandfather of the author of a work on the economy of
+ants. The first M. Huber had a very peculiar talent for drawing; with
+his scissors he could cut a piece of paper into a representation of
+anything, as accurately, and as fast, and with as much spirit, as he
+might have delineated with his pencil either figures or landscapes.
+Voltaire was his favourite subject; and he is known to have taught his
+dog to bite off a piece of crumb of bread, which he held in his hand, so
+as to give it as last the appearance of Voltaire.</p>
+</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
+
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+++ b/old/10331.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1930 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
+       Volume XII., No. 324, July 26, 1828
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: November 29, 2003 [EBook #10331]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE 324 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Sjaani and PG Distributed Proofreaders
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR
+
+OF
+
+LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+324.] SATURDAY, JULY 26, 1828. [Price 2_d_.
+
+Vol. XII
+
+[Illustration: KINGSTON NEW BRIDGE]
+
+
+
+
+KINGSTON NEW BRIDGE.
+
+Through many a bridge the wealthy river roll'd.
+SOUTHEY.
+
+The annexed picturesque engraving represents the new bridge[1] from
+Kingston-upon-Thames to Hampton-Wick, in the royal manor of Hampton
+Court. It is built of Portland stone, and consists of five elliptical
+arches, the centre arch being 60 feet span by 19 in height, and the side
+arches 56 and 52 feet span respectively. The abutments are terminated by
+towers or bastions, and the whole is surmounted by a cornice and
+balustrade, with galleries projecting over the pier; which give a bold
+relief to the general elevation. The length of the bridge is 382 feet by
+27 feet in width. It is of chaste Grecian architecture, from the design
+of Mr. Lapidge, to whose courtesy we are indebted for the original of
+our engraving. The building contract was undertaken by Mr. Herbert for
+L26,800. and the extra work has not exceeded L100. a very rare, if not
+an unprecedented occurrence in either public or private undertakings of
+this description. The first stone was laid by the Earl of Liverpool,
+November 7, 1825, and the bridge was opened in due form by her royal
+highness the Duchess of Clarence, on July 17, 1828.
+
+Kingston is one of the most picturesque towns on the banks of the
+Thames; and its antiquarian attractions are of the highest order. It was
+occupied by the Romans, and in aftertimes it was either a royal
+residence or a royal demesne, so early as the union of the Saxon
+Heptarchy; for there is a record extant of a council held there in 838,
+at which Egbert, the first king of all England, and his son Athelwolf
+were present; and in this record it is styled _Kyningenstum famosa ilia
+locus_. Some of our Saxon kings were also crowned here; and adjoining
+the church is a large stone, on which, according to tradition, they were
+placed during the ceremony. Many interesting relics have from time to
+time been discovered in illustration of these historical facts, and till
+the year 1730, the figures of some of the above kings and that of king
+John (who chartered the town) were preserved in a chapel adjoining the
+above spot. In that year, however, the chapel fell, and with it were
+demolished the royal _effigies_.[2] Mr. Lysons, with his usual accuracy,
+enumerates nine kings who were crowned here.
+
+Kingston formerly sent members to parliament, till, by petition, the
+inhabitants prayed to be relieved from the burden!
+
+At Hampton Wick, the village on the opposite bank, resided the witty but
+profligate Sir Richard Steele, in a house which he whimsically
+denominated "the hovel;" and "from the Hovel at Hampton Wick, April 7,
+1711," he dedicated the fourth volume of the _Tatler_ to Charles, Lord
+Halifax. This was probably about the time he became surveyor of the
+royal stables at Hampton Court, governor of the king's comedians, a
+justice of the peace for Middlesex, and a knight.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ARCHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY.
+
+The first Archbishop of Canterbury was Austin, appointed by King
+Ethelbert, on his conversion to Christianity, about the year 598. Before
+the coming of the Saxons into England, the Christian Britons had three
+Archbishops, viz. of London, York, and Caerleon, an ancient city of
+South Wales. The Britons being driven out of these parts, the
+Archbishoprick of London became extinct; and when Pope Gregory the Great
+had afterwards sent thither Augustine, and his fellow-labourer to preach
+the Gospel to the then heathen Saxons, the Archiepiscopal See was
+planted at Canterbury, as being the metropolis of the kingdom of Kent,
+where King Ethelbert had received the same St. Augustine, and with his
+kingdom was baptized, and embraced the doctrines of Christianity before
+the rest of the Heptarchy. The other Archbishoprick of Caerleon was
+translated to St. David's in Pembrokeshire, and afterwards wholly to the
+See of Canterbury; since which, all England and Wales reckon but two
+Archbishops, Canterbury and York. The following Archbishops have died at
+Lambeth Palace;--Wittlesey, in 1375; Kemp, 1453; Dean, 1504; all buried
+in Canterbury Cathedral: Cardinal Pole, 1558, after lying in state here
+40 days was buried at Canterbury; Parker, 1575, buried in Lambeth
+Chapel; Whitgift, 1604, buried at Croydon; Bancroft, 1610, buried at
+Lambeth; Juxon, 1663, buried in the chapel of St. John's College,
+Oxford; Sheldon, 1667, buried at Croydon; Tillotson, 1694, buried in the
+church of St. Laurence Jewry, London; Tennison, 1715; and Potter, 1747,
+both buried at Croydon; Seeker, 1768; Cornwallis, 1783, and Moore,
+1805, all buried at Lambeth. In 1381, the Archbishop, Simon of Sudbury,
+fell a victim to Wat Tyler and his crew, when they attacked Lambeth
+Palace.
+
+P. T. W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DAYS OF FLY FISHING.
+
+That an ex-president (Sir Humphry Davy) of the Royal Society should
+write a book on field sports may at first sight appear rather
+_unphilosophical_; although it is not more fanciful than Bishop
+Berkeley's volume on tar water, Bishop Watson's improvement in the
+manufacture of gunpowder, Sir Walter Scott writing a sermon, or a Scotch
+minister inventing a safety gun, and, as we are told, _presenting_ the
+same to the King in person. Be this as it may, since our first
+acquaintance with the "prince of piscators," the patriarch of anglers,
+Isaak Walton, it has seldom been our lot to meet with so pleasant a
+volume as _Salmonia, or Days of Fly Fishing_, to whose contents we are
+about to introduce our readers.
+
+In our last number we gave a _flying_ extract, entitled, "Superstitions
+on the Weather," being a fair specimen of the very agreeable manner of
+the digressions in the above work, which is, perhaps, less practical
+than it might have been; but this defect is more than atoned for in the
+author's felicitous mode of intermingling with the main subject, some of
+the most curious facts and phenomena in natural history and philosophy
+so as to familiarize the angler with many causes and effects which
+altogether belong to a higher class of reading than that of mere
+amusement. All this, too, is done in a simple, graceful, and flowing
+style, always amusive, and sometimes humorously illustrative--advantages
+which our philosophical writers do not generally exhibit, but which are
+more or less evident in every page of Sir Humphry Davy's writings.
+
+_Salmonia_ consists of a series of conversations between four
+characters--Halieus,[3] Poietes, Physicus, Ornither. In the "First Day"
+we have an ingenious vindication of fly fishing against the well-known
+satire of Johnson[4] and Lord Byron, and the following:--
+
+_Halieus._--A noble lady, long distinguished at court for pre-eminent
+beauty and grace, and whose mind possesses undying charms, has written
+some lines in my copy of Walton, which, if you will allow me, I will
+repeat to you:--
+
+Albeit, gentle Angler, I
+  Delight not in thy trade,
+Yet in thy pages there doth lie
+So much of quaint simplicity,
+    So much of mind,
+    Of such good kind.
+  That none need be afraid,
+Caught by thy cunning bait, this book,
+To be ensnared on thy hook.
+
+Gladly from thee, I'm lur'd to bear
+  With things that seem'd most vile before,
+For thou didst on poor subjects rear
+Matter the wisest sage might hear.
+    And with a grace,
+    That doth efface
+  More laboured works, thy simple lore
+Can teach us that thy skilful _lines_,
+More than the scaly brood _confines_.
+
+Our hearts and senses too, we see,
+  Rise quickly at thy master hand,
+And ready to be caught by thee
+Are lured to virtue willingly.
+    Content and peace,
+    With health and ease,
+  Walk by thy side. At thy command
+We bid adieu to worldly care.
+And joy in gifts that all may share.
+
+Gladly with thee, I pace along.
+  And of sweet fancies dream;
+Waiting till some inspired song,
+Within my memory cherished long,
+    Comes fairer forth.
+    With more of worth;
+  Because that time upon its stream
+Feathers and chaff will bear away,
+But give to gems a brighter ray.
+
+And though the charming and intellectual author of this poem is not an
+angler herself, yet I can quote the example of her lovely daughters to
+vindicate fly fishing from the charge of cruelty, and to prove that the
+most delicate and refined minds can take pleasure in this innocent
+amusement.
+
+Gay's passionate love for angling is well known; it was his principal
+occupation in the summer at Amesbury; and "the late excellent John
+Tobin, author of the _Honey Moon_, was an ardent angler." Among heroes,
+Trajan was fond of angling. Nelson was a good fly-fisher, and continued
+the pursuit even with his left hand; and, says the author, "I have known
+a person who fished with him at Merton, in the Wandle. Dr. Paley was so
+much attached to this amusement, that when the Bishop of Durham inquired
+of him when one of his most important works would be finished, he said,
+with great simplicity and good-humour, 'My lord, I shall work steadily
+at it when the fly-fishing season is over.'"--Then we have a poetical
+description of river scenery, till two of the party arrive at the
+following conclusions:--
+
+I have already admitted the danger of analyzing, too closely, the moral
+character of any of our field sports; yet I think it cannot be doubted
+that the nervous system of fish, and cold-blooded animals in general, is
+less sensitive than that of warm-blooded animals. The hook usually is
+fixed in the cartilaginous part of the mouth, where there are no nerves;
+and a proof that the sufferings of a hooked fish cannot be great is
+found in the circumstance, that though a trout has been hooked and
+played for some minutes, he will often, after his escape with the
+artificial fly in his mouth, take the natural fly, and feed as if
+nothing had happened; having apparently learnt only from the experiment,
+that the artificial fly is not proper for food. And I have caught pikes
+with four or five hooks in their mouths, and tackle which they had
+broken only a few minutes before; and the hooks seemed to have had no
+other effect than that of serving as a sort of _sauce piquante_, urging
+them to seize another morsel of the same kind.--The advocates for a
+favourite pursuit never want sophisms to defend it. I have even heard it
+asserted, that a hare enjoys being hunted. Yet I will allow that
+fly-fishing, after your vindication, appears amongst the least cruel of
+field sports.
+
+We must, however, confine ourselves to a few colloquial extracts from
+the _practical_ portion of the volume; as
+
+_Flies on the Wandle, &c._
+
+_Orn._--Surely the May-fly season is not the only season for day-fishing
+in this river? [the Wandle.]--_Hal._ Certainly not. There are as many
+fish to be taken, perhaps, in the spring fishing; but in this deep river
+they are seldom in good season till the May-fly has been on, and a
+fortnight hence they will be still better than even now. In September
+there may be good fish taken here; but the autumnal flies are less
+plentiful in this river than the spring flies--_Phys_, Pray tell me what
+are the species of fly which take in these two seasons.--_Hal_. You know
+that trout spawn or deposit their ova, &c. in the end of the autumn or
+beginning of winter, from the middle of November till the beginning of
+January, their maturity depending upon the temperature of the season,
+their quantity of food, &c. They are at least six weeks or two months
+after they have spawned before they recover their flesh; and the time
+when these fish are at the worst, is likewise the worst time for
+fly-fishing, both on account of the cold weather, and because there are
+fewer flies on the water than at any other season. Even in December and
+January there are a few small gnats or water-flies on the water in the
+middle of the day, in bright days, or when there is sunshine. These are
+generally black, and they escape the influence of the frost by the
+effects of light on their black bodies, and probably by the extreme
+rapidity of the motions of their fluids, and generally of their organs.
+They are found only at the surface of the water, where the temperature
+must be above the freezing point. In February a few double-winged
+water-flies, which swim down the stream, are usually found in the middle
+of the day, such as the willow-fly; and the cow-dung-fly is sometimes
+carried on the water by winds. In March there are several flies found on
+most rivers. The grannam, or green-tail-fly, with a wing like a moth,
+comes on generally morning and evening, from five till eight o'clock,
+A.M. in mild weather, in the end of March and through April. Then there
+are the blue and the brown, both ephemerae, which come on, the first in
+dark days, the second in bright days; these flies, when well imitated,
+are very destructive to fish. The first is a small fly, with a palish
+yellow body, and slender, beautiful wings, which rest on the back as it
+floats down the water. The second, called the cob in Wales, is three or
+four times as large, and has brown wings, which likewise protrude from
+the back, and its wings are shaded like those of a partridge, brown and
+yellow brown. These three kinds of flies lay their eggs in the water,
+which produce larvae that remain in the state of worms, feeding and
+breathing in the water till they are prepared for their metamorphosis,
+and quit the bottoms of the rivers, and the mud and stones, for the
+surface, and light and air. The brown fly usually disappears before the
+end of April, likewise the grannam; but of the blue dun there is a
+succession of different tints, or species, or varieties, which appear in
+the middle of the day all the summer and autumn long. These are the
+principal flies on the Wandle--the best and clearest stream near London.
+In early spring these flies have dark olive bodies; in the end of April
+and the beginning of May they are found yellow; and in the summer they
+become cinnamon coloured; and again, as the winter approaches, gain a
+darker hue. I do not, however, mean to say that they are the same flies,
+but more probably successive generations of ephemerae of the same
+species. The excess of heat seems equally unfavourable, as the excess of
+cold, to the existence of the smaller species of water-insects, which,
+during the intensity of sunshine, seldom appear in summer, but rise
+morning and evening only. The blue dun has, in June and July, a yellow
+body; and there is a water-fly which, in the evening, is generally found
+before the moths appear, called the red spinner. Towards the end of
+August, the ephemerae appear again in the middle of the day--a very
+pale, small ephemera, which is of the same colour as that which is seen
+in some rivers in the beginning of July. In September and October this
+kind of fly is found with an olive body, and it becomes darker in
+October and paler in November. There are two other flies which appear in
+the end of September and continue during October, if the weather be
+mild; a large yellow fly, with a fleshy body, and wings like a moth; and
+a small fly with four wings, with a dark or claret coloured body, that
+when it falls on the water has its wings like the great yellow fly, flat
+on its back. This, or a claret bodied fly, very similar in character,
+may be likewise found in March or April, on some waters. In this river I
+have often caught many large trout in April and the beginning of May,
+with the blue dun, having the yellow body; and in the upper part of the
+stream below St. Albans, and between that and Watford, I have sometimes,
+even as early as April, caught fish in good condition; but the _true_
+season for the Colne is the season of the May-fly. The same may be said
+of most of the large English rivers containing large trouts, and
+abounding in May-fly--such as the Test and the Kennett, the one running
+by Stockbridge, the other by Hungerford. But in the Wandle, at
+Carshalton and Beddington, the May-fly is not found; and the little
+blues are the constant, and, when well imitated, killing flies on this
+water; to which may be joined a dark alder-fly, and a red evening fly.
+In the Avon, at Ringwood and Fordingbridge, the May-fly is likewise a
+killing fly; but as this is a grayling river, the other flies,
+particularly the grannam and blue and brown, are good in spring, and the
+alder-fly or pale blue later, and the blue dun in September and October,
+and even November. In the streams in the mountainous parts of Britain,
+the spring and autumnal flies are by far the most killing. The Usk was
+formerly a very productive trout-stream, and the fish being well fed by
+the worms washed down by the winter floods, were often in good season,
+cutting red, in March and the beginning of April: and at this season the
+blues and browns, particularly when the water was a little stained after
+a small flood, afforded the angler good sport. In Herefordshire and
+Derbyshire, where trout and grayling are often found together, the same
+periods are generally best for angling; but in the Dove, Lathkill, and
+Wye, with the natural May-fly many fish may be taken; and in old times,
+in peculiarly windy days, or high and troubled water, even the
+artificial May-fly, according to Cotton, was very killing.
+
+Here we must end, at least _for the present_; but there is so much
+anecdotical pleasantry in _Salmonia_ that we might continue our extracts
+through many columns, and we are persuaded, to the gratification of the
+majority of our readers. Even when we announced the publication of this
+work a few weeks since, we were led to anticipate the delight it would
+afford many of our esteemed correspondents, especially our friend
+_W.H.H._, who has "caught about forty trout in two or three hours" in
+the rocky basins of Pot-beck, &c.[5]
+
+Sir Humphry Davy mentions the Wandle in Surrey, as we have quoted; but
+he does not allude to the trout-fishing in the Mole, in the Vale of
+Leatherhead in the same county. There are in the course of the work a
+few expressions which make humanity shudder, and would drive a
+Pythagorean to madness,[6] notwithstanding the ingenuity with which the
+author attempts to vindicate his favourite amusement.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SHROPSHIRE AND WELSH GIRLS.
+
+There are few Londoners who in their suburban strolls have failed to
+notice the scores of _female_ fruit-carriers by whose toil the markets
+are supplied with some of their choicest delicacies. As an interesting
+illustration of the meritorious character of these handmaids to luxury,
+I send you the following extract from Sir Richard Phillips's _Walk from
+London to Kew_.
+
+PHILO.
+
+In the strawberry season, hundreds of women are employed to carry that
+delicate fruit to market on their heads; and their industry in
+performing this task is as wonderful, as their remuneration is unworthy
+of the opulent classes who derive enjoyment from their labour. They
+consist, for the most part, of Shropshire and Welsh girls, who walk to
+London at this season in droves, to perform this drudgery, just as the
+Irish peasantry come to assist in the hay and corn harvests. I learnt
+that these women carry upon their heads baskets of strawberries or
+raspberries, weighing from forty to fifty pounds, and make two turns in
+the day, from Isleworth to market, a distance of thirteen miles each
+way; three turns from Brentford, a distance of nine miles; and four
+turns from Hammersmith, a distance of six miles. For the most part, they
+find some conveyance back; but even then these industrious creatures
+carry loads from twenty-four to thirty miles a-day, besides walking back
+unladen some part of each turn! Their remuneration for this unparalleled
+slavery is from 8_s_. to 9_s_. per day; each turn from the distance of
+Isleworth being 4_s_. or 4_s_. 6_d_.; and from that of Hammersmith 2_s_.
+or 2_s_. 3_d_. Their diet is coarse and simple, their drink, tea and
+small-beer; costing not above 1_s_. or 1_s_. 6_d_. and their back
+conveyance about 2_s_. or 2_s_. 6_d_.; so that their net gains are about
+5_s_. per day, which, in the strawberry season, of forty days, amounts
+to 10_l_. After this period the same women find employment in gathering
+and marketing vegetables, at lower wages, for other sixty days, netting
+about 5_l_. more. With this poor pittance they return to their native
+county, and it adds either to their humble comforts, or creates a small
+dowry towards a rustic establishment for life. Can a more interesting
+picture be drawn of virtuous exertion? Why have our poets failed to
+colour and finish it? More virtue never existed in their favourite
+shepherdesses than in these Welsh and Shropshire girls! For beauty,
+symmetry, and complexion, they are not inferior to the nymphs of
+Arcadia, and they far outvie the pallid specimens of Circassia! Their
+morals too are exemplary; and they often perform this labour to support
+aged parents, or to keep their own children from the workhouse! In keen
+suffering, they endure all that the imagination of a poet could desire;
+they live hard, they sleep on straw in hovels and barns, and they often
+burst an artery, or drop down dead from the effect of heat and
+over-exertion! Yet, such is the state of one portion of our female
+population, at a time when we are calling ourselves the most polished
+nation on earth.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+COLEBROOK-DALE IRON-WORKS--THE REYNOLDS'.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror_.)
+
+In the interesting extract you have given in your excellent Miscellany
+(No. 321) from Bakewell's Introduction to Geology, when speaking of the
+exhausted or impoverished state of the iron-ore and coals in Shropshire,
+&c., an allusion is made in a note to that truly excellent man, the late
+Mr. Richard Reynolds, and to the final extinction of the furnaces at
+Colebrook-Dale, which is not altogether correct.
+
+I beg leave, therefore, to point out the errors to you, and to add a
+fact or two more relating to that distinguished philanthropist and his
+family, which, perhaps, will not be unacceptable to many of your
+readers.
+
+Mr. Reynolds was by no means the _original_, nor, I believe, ever the
+_sole_ proprietor, of the iron-works in Colebrook-Dale, as stated by Mr.
+Bakewell; he derived his right in them from his wife's family the
+Darbies; and the firm of "Darby and Company" was the well known mark on
+the iron from these works for a very long period; more recently, that of
+"Colebrook-Dale Company" was adopted.
+
+The Darbies were an old and respectable family of the Society of
+Friends, and a pair of the elder branches of it were the original "Darby
+and Joan," whose names are so well known throughout the whole kingdom. I
+had this anecdote from one of the sons of Mr. Reynolds,[7] and have no
+doubt of its authenticity.
+
+It may not be generally known to your readers, perhaps, that the first
+iron bridge in England was projected at, and cast from, the furnaces of
+Colebrook-Dale, and erected over the Severn, near that place, about the
+year 1779; and, considering it to be the _first_ bridge of the kind, I
+feel little hesitation in stating it to be, even now, the most beautiful
+one. This structure, at that time thought to be a wonderful attempt, was
+the entire offspring of Mr. Reynolds' genius; it was planned, cast, and
+erected, under his immediate care and superintendance.
+
+I cannot suppose the reason given by your author for the discontinuance
+of the works at Colebrook-Dale to be correct, as there is another large
+furnace in the immediate neighbourhood, called "Madeley Wood Furnace"
+(also belonging to Mr. Reynolds's family), which was allowed to make,
+and, I believe, still makes, the best iron and steel in the United
+Kingdom. Mr. Reynolds had also other great iron-works at Ketley, since
+carried on by his two sons, William and Joseph, and still in high
+reputation, as to the quality of the iron made there; these are not more
+distant from Colebrook-Dale than six or seven miles, and between the two
+there are the extensive and highly valuable works of "Old Park," &c.,
+belonging to Mr. Botfield (so that the whole district abounds in the
+materials), which not having the advantage of the immediate vicinity of
+the Severn for conveyance, would have been more likely to have stopped
+from the circumstances stated in your extract; _viz._ the failure in
+quality or quantity of iron-stone, coals, or other necessary matter. The
+Colebrook-Dale fires must, therefore, I conceive, have ceased to blaze,
+and the blast of her furnaces to roar, from some other cause, and from
+some private reason of her late proprietors.
+
+Your constant reader,
+
+_Shrewsbury._ SALOPIENSIS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NOTES OF A READER.
+
+TRAGEDY.
+
+We do not see any necessary and natural connexion between death and the
+end of the third volume of a novel, or the conclusion of the fifth act
+of a play,--though that connexion in some modern novels, and in most
+English tragedies, seems to be assumed. Nor does it seem to follow,
+that, because death is the object of universal dread and aversion, and
+because terror is one of the objects of tragedy, death must, therefore,
+necessarily be represented; and not only so, but the more deaths the
+better. If it be true that familiarity has a tendency to create
+indifference, if not contempt, it must be considered prudent to have
+recourse to this strong exhibition as to drastic remedies in medicine,
+with caution and discrimination, and with a view to the continuance of
+its effect. We cannot help wishing that our own Shakspeare, who lays
+down such excellent rules for the guidance of actors, and cautions them
+so earnestly against "overstepping the modesty of nature," and the
+danger of "tearing passion to rags," had remembered, that the poet
+himself has certain limits imposed upon him, which he cannot transgress
+with impunity. We should not then have observed, in the perusal of some
+of his plays, the marginal notice of ["_dies_"] with about as much
+emotion as a note of exclamation; nor, when at the actual
+representation, we behold the few remaining persons of the drama
+scarcely able to cross the stage without stumbling over the bodies of
+their fallen companions, should we have felt our thoughts unavoidably
+wandering from the higher business and moral effect of the scene, to the
+mere physical and repelling images of fleshly mortality.--_Edinburgh
+Rev._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The inquiries of the committee appointed to devise means for the
+suppression of mendicity, leave us no reason to doubt that in an average
+of cases a London beggar made by "his trade" eighteen-pence per day, or
+twenty-seven pounds per annum!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_One-ninth_ of the whole population of Paris are wholly maintained by
+funds which the different bureaux of charity distribute for their
+relief; and still a countless horde of mendicants infest her streets,
+her quays, and all her public places.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Science and literature are "the nourishment of youth, the delight of
+age, the ornaments of prosperous life, the refuge and consolation of
+adversity, the companions of our weary travels, of our rural solitudes,
+of our sleepless nights."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The following quotation from _Jamieson's Scottish Dictionary_ points out
+the frugal and temperate Scot; and, in illustration, may be contrasted
+with the proverbial invitation of the better feeding English, "Will you
+come and take your mutton with me?"
+
+"KAIL, used metonimically for the whole dinner; as constituting among
+our temperate ancestors the principal part, _s_.
+
+"Hence, in giving a friendly invitation to dinner, it is common to say,
+'Will you come and tak your _kail_ wi' me?' This, as a learned friend
+observes, resembles the French invitation, _Voulez vous venir manger la
+soupe chez moi!_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE RIVER NILE.
+
+Ledyard, in his _Travels_, speaks thus contemptuously of this celebrated
+wonder:--"This is the mighty, the sovereign of rivers--the vast Nile
+that has been metamorphosed into one of the wonders of the world! Let me
+be careful how I read, and, above all, how I read ancient history. You
+have heard, and read too, much of its inundations. If the thousands of
+large and small canals from it, and the thousands of men and machines
+employed to transfer, by artificial means, the water of the Nile to the
+meadows on its banks--if this be the inundation that is meant, it is
+true; any other is false; it is not an inundating river."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Jewish children to this day celebrate the fall and death of Haman,
+and on that anniversary represent the blows which they would fain deal
+on his scull, by striking with envenomed fury on the floor with wooden
+hammers. This observance was but very lately forbidden in the Grand
+Duchy of Baden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TRAVELLING FOLLIES.
+
+"Many gentlemen," says an old English author, "coming to their lands
+sooner than to their wits, adventure themselves to see the fashion of
+other countries; whence they see the world, as Adam had knowledge of
+good and evil, with the loss or lessening of their estate in this
+English Paradise; and bring home a few smattering terms, flattering
+garbs, apish carriages, foppish fancies, foolish guises and disguises,
+the vanities of neighbour nations."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Spaniards are infinitely more careful than the French, and other
+nations, in planting trees, and in taking care of them; for it rarely
+happens, when a Spaniard eats fruit in a wood or in the open country,
+that he does not set the stones or the pips; and thus in the whole of
+their country an infinite number of fruit-trees of all kinds are found;
+whereas, in the French quarters you meet with none--_Labat._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PAINTING.
+
+It is painful to think how soon the paintings of Raphael, and Titian,
+and Correggio, and other illustrious men will perish and pass away. "How
+long," said Napoleon to David, "will a picture last?" "About four or
+five hundred years!--a fine immortality!" The poet multiplies his works
+by means of a cheap material--and Homer, and Virgil, and Dante, and
+Tasso, and Moliere, and Milton, and Shakspeare, may bid oblivion
+defiance; the sculptor impresses his conceptions on metal or on marble,
+and expects to survive the wreck of nations and the wrongs of time; but
+the painter commits to perishable cloth or wood the visions of his
+fancy, and dies in the certain assurance that the life of his works will
+be but short in the land they adorn.--_For. Rev._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A Chinese novelist, in describing his hero, says, "the air of the
+mountains and rivers had formed his body; his mind, like a rich piece of
+embroidery, was worthy of his handsome face!" Pity he has not been
+introduced among our "fashionable novels."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHRENOLOGY.
+
+In 1805, Dr. Gall, the celebrated phrenologist, visited the prison of
+Berlin in the course of his experimental travels to establish his
+theories. On April 17, in the presence of many witnesses, he was shown
+upwards of two hundred culprits, of whom he had never heard till that
+moment, and to whose crimes and dispositions he was a total stranger.
+Dr. Gall immediately pointed out, as a general feature in one of the
+wards, an extraordinary development in the region of the head where the
+organ of theft is situated, and in fact every prisoner there was a
+thief. Some children, also detained for theft, were then shown to him;
+and in them, too, the same organ was very prominent. In two of them
+particularly it was excessively large; and the prison-registers
+confirmed his opinion that these two were most incorrigible. In another
+room, where the women were kept apart, he distinguished one drest
+exactly like the others, occupied like them, and differing in no one
+thing but in the form of her head. "For what reason is this woman here,"
+asked Gall, "for her head announces no propensity to theft?" The answer
+was, "She is the inspectress of this room." One prisoner had the organs
+of benevolence and of religion as strongly developed as those of theft
+and cunning; and his boast was, that he never had committed an act of
+violence, and that it was repugnant to his feelings to rob a church. In
+a man named Fritze, detained for the murder of his wife, though his
+crime was not proved, the organs of cunning and firmness were fully
+developed; and it was by these that he had eluded conviction. In
+Maschke, he found the organ of the mechanical arts, together with a head
+very well organized in many respects; and his crime was coining. In
+Troppe he saw the same organ. This man was a shoemaker, who, without
+instruction, made clocks and watches, to gain a livelihood in his
+confinement. On a nearer inspection, the organ of imitation was found to
+be large. "If this man had ever been near a theatre," said Gall, "he
+would in all probability have turned actor." Troppe, astonished at the
+accuracy of this sentence, confessed that he had joined a company of
+strolling players for six months. His crime, too, was having personated
+a police-officer, to extort money. The organs of circumspection,
+prurience, foresight, were sadly deficient in Heisig, who, in a drunken
+fit, had stabbed his best friend. In some prisoners he found the organ
+of language, in others of colour, in others of mathematics; and his
+opinion in no single instance failed to be confirmed by the known
+talents and dispositions of the individual.--_For. Q. Rev._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SAVING HABITS OF THE ENGLISH.
+
+According to the House of Commons' returns in 1815, there were no fewer
+than 925,439 individuals in England and Wales, being about
+_one-eleventh_ of the then existing population, members of _Friendly
+Societies_, formed for the express purpose of affording protection to
+the members during sickness and old age, and enabling them to subsist
+without resorting to the parish funds. "No such unquestionable proof of
+the prevalence of a spirit of providence and independence can be
+exhibited in any other European country." We have to add, that these
+must be the happiest people in the social scale.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In the year 1300, Giovanni Cimabue
+and Giotto, both of Florence, were the
+first to assert the natural dignity and originality
+of art, and the story of those
+illustrious friends is instructive and romantic.
+The former was a gentleman
+by birth and scholarship, and brought to
+his art a knowledge of the poetry and
+sculpture of Greece and Rome. The latter
+was _a shepherd_; when the inspiration
+of art fell upon him, he was watching his
+flocks among the hills, and his first attempts
+in art were to draw his sheep and
+goats upon rocks and stones. It happened
+that Cimabue, who was then high
+in fame, observed the sketches of the
+gifted shepherd; entered into conversation
+with him; heard from his own lips his
+natural notions of the dignity of art; and
+was so much charmed by his compositions
+and conversation, that he carried
+him to Florence, and became his close
+and intimate friend and associate. They
+found Italian painting rude in form, and
+without spirit and without sentiment;
+they let out their own hearts fully in their
+compositions, and to this day their works
+are highly esteemed for grave dignity of
+character, and for originality of conception.
+Of these great Florentines, Giotto, the
+shepherd, is confessedly the more eminent;
+in him we see the dawn, or rather
+the sunrise, of the fuller light of Raphael.
+--_For. Rev._
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A REAL HERO.
+
+In a _recherche_ article in the _Foreign Quarterly Review_ we meet with
+the following marvellous story of Sterkodder, a sort of giant-killing
+hero of the North, who, having reached his 90th year, became infirm,
+blind, and eager to die. To leave the world in a natural way was out of
+the question; and to be dispatched to the Hall of Odin by an ignoble
+hand was scarcely less to be dreaded. Leaning on two crutches, with a
+sword at each side, he waited for some one to give him the mortal
+stroke. To tempt the avarice of such a one, he suspended from his neck a
+valuable gold chain. He slew a peasant passing, who, rallying him on his
+infirm state, had ventured to beg one of his swords, as neither could
+any longer be of service to him. At last his good fortune brought him a
+worthy executioner in Hather, the son of a prince whom he had slain. The
+young hero was hunting, and seeing the old man, he ordered two of his
+attendants to tease him. Both lost their lives for their temerity. The
+prince then advanced; and the old man, after relating his great actions,
+desired the former to kill him. To make the inducement stronger, he
+displayed the golden chain, which would be the reward of the deed; and
+to excite his rage, as well as avarice, he avowed that it was he who had
+slain the late prince, and that revenge was the sacred duty of the son.
+Influenced by both considerations, the latter consented to behead him.
+Sterkodder exhorted him to strike manfully. The head was accordingly
+severed from the body at a single blow; and as it touched the earth, the
+teeth fastened themselves furiously in the ground.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WORKHOUSES
+
+Were first erected in England in the year 1723, when they had an instant
+and striking effect in reducing the number of poor. Indeed the aversion
+of the poor to workhouses was so great, that Sir F.M. Eden mentions that
+some proposed, by way of weakening this aversion, "to call workhouses by
+some softer and more inoffensive name." Previously to this date, it had
+been customary to relieve the able-bodied poor at their own houses.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MARRIAGES IN CHINA
+
+Are effected through the assistance of go-betweens, who enjoy, however,
+a very different repute from those of Europe, inasmuch as, among the
+former, the employ is of the most honourable character.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There are 300 palaces at Rome, of which 65 only are worth seeing, and
+these are defined to be houses which have arched gateways into which
+carriages can drive. Some of these palaces contain pictures and statues
+worth 130 or 160,000_l_., but with scarce a window whose panes are all
+whole, or a clean staircase.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HORRORS OF THE INQUISITION IN SPAIN.
+
+Endless was the catalogue of most pious men and eminent scholars who
+underwent purification, as it is termed, in this den of superstition and
+tyranny. The culprit was not permitted to speak with his attorney,
+except in the presence of the inquisitor and a notary, who took notes,
+and certified what passed; and so far from the names of the informer or
+of the witnesses being supplied, every thing that could facilitate the
+explanation of them was expunged from the declarations; and the
+prisoners, one and all, in these dungeons might truly exclaim, with Fray
+Luis de Leon, "I feel the pain, but see not the hand which inflicts
+it." Even in the early days of the inquisition, torture was carried to
+such an extent, that Sextus IV., in a brief published Jan. 29, 1482,
+could not refrain from deploring the wellknown truth, in lamentations
+which were re-echoed from all parts of Christendom. The formula of the
+sentence of torture began thus, _Christo nomine invocato_; and it was
+therein expressed, that the torture should endure as long as it pleased
+the inquisitors; and a protest was added, that, if during the torture
+the culprit should die, or be maimed, or if effusion of blood or
+mutilation of limb should ensue, the fault should be chargeable to the
+culprit, and not to the inquisitors. The culprit was bound by an oath of
+secresy, strengthened by fearful penalties, not to divulge any thing
+that he had seen, known, or heard, in the dismal precincts of that
+unholy tribunal--a secresy illegal and tyrannical, but which constituted
+the soul of that monstrous association, and by which its judges were
+sheltered against all responsibility.--_For. Rev._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+COLONIZATION.
+
+In the colonization of the West Indies, "when a city was to be founded,
+the first form prescribed was, with all solemnity, to erect a gallows,
+as the first thing needful; and in laying out the ground, a site was
+marked for the prison as well as for the church."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"An attempt to handle the English law of evidence, in its former state,"
+says the _Edinburgh Review_, "was like taking up a hedgehog--all
+points!"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Man is not quite so manageable in the hands of science as boiling water
+or a fixed star.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PICTURE OF CONSTANTINOPLE.
+
+_(From the French of Lebrun.)_
+
+Queen of the Morn! Sultana of the East!
+City of wonders, on whose sparkling breast,
+Fair, slight, and tall, a thousand palaces
+Fling their gay shadows over golden seas!
+Where towers and domes bestud the gorgeous land,
+And countless masts, a mimic forest stand;
+Where cypress shades the minaret's snowy hue,
+And gleams of gold dissolve in skies of blue,
+Daughter of Eastern art, the most divine--
+Lovely, yet faithless bride of Constantine--
+Fair Istamboul, whose tranquil mirror flings
+Back with delight thy thousand colourings,
+And who no equal in the world dost know,
+Save thy own image pictured thus below!
+
+Dazzled, amazed, our eyes half-blinded, fail,
+While sweeps the phantasm past our gliding sail--
+Like as in festive scene, some sudden light
+Rises in clouds of stars upon the night.
+Struck by a splendour never seen before,
+Drunk with the perfumes wafted from the shore,
+Approaching near these peopled groves, we deem
+That from enchantment rose the gorgeous dream,
+Day without voice, and motion without sound,
+Silently beautiful! The haunted ground
+Is paved with roofs beyond the bounds of sight,
+Countless, and coloured, wrapped in golden light.
+'Mid groves of cypress, measureless and vast,
+In thousand forms of circles--crescents--cast,
+Gold glitters, spangling all the wide extent,
+And flashes back to heaven the rays it sent.
+Gardens and domes, bazaars begem the woods;
+Seraglios, harems--peopled solitudes,
+Where the veil'd idol kneels; and vistas, through
+Barr'd lattices, that give the enamoured view,
+Flowers, orange-trees, and waters sparkling near,
+And black and lovely eyes,--Alas, that Fear,
+At those heaven-gates, dark sentinel should stand,
+To scare even Fancy from her promised land!
+
+_Foreign Quar. Rev._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE SKETCH BOOK.
+
+THE MYSTERIOUS TAILOR.
+
+_A Romance of High Holborn._
+
+_(Concluded from page 46.)_
+
+
+On recovering from my stupor, I found myself with a physician and two
+apothecaries beside me, in bed at the George Inn, Ramsgate. I had been,
+it seems, for two whole days delirious, during which pregnant interval I
+had lived over again all the horrors of the preceding hours. The wind
+sang in my ears, the phantom forms of the unburied flitted pale and
+ghastly before my eyes. I fancied that I was still on the sea; that the
+massive copper-coloured clouds which hovered scarcely a yard overhead,
+were suddenly transformed into uncouth shapes, who glared at me from
+between saffron chinks, made by the scudding wrack; that the waters
+teemed with life, cold, slimy, preternatural things of life; that their
+eyes after assuming a variety of awful expressions, settled down into
+that dull frozen character, and their voices into that low, sepulchral,
+indefinable tone, which marked the Mysterious Tailor. This wretch was
+the Abaddon of my dreamy Pandaemonium. He was ever before me; he lent an
+added splendour to the day, and deepened the midnight gloom. On the
+heights of Bologne I saw him; far away over the foaming waters he
+floated still and lifeless beside me, his eye never once off my face,
+his voice never silent in my ear.
+
+My tale would scarcely have an end, were I to repeat but the one half of
+what during two brief days (two centuries in suffering) I experienced
+from this derangement of the nervous system. My readers may fancy that I
+have exaggerated my state of mind: far from it, I have purposely
+softened down the more distressing particulars, apprehensive, if not of
+being discredited, at least of incurring ridicule. Towards the close of
+the third day my fever began to abate, I became more sobered in my turn
+of thought, could contrive to answer questions, and listen with
+tolerable composure to my landlord's details of my miraculous
+preservation. The storm was slowly rolling off my mind, but the swell
+was still left behind it. The fourth day found me so far recovered, that
+I was enabled to quit my chamber, sit beside an open window, and derive
+amusement from the uncouth appearance of a Dutch crew, whose brig was
+lying at anchor in the harbour. From this time forward, every hour
+brought fresh accession to my strength, until at the expiration of the
+tenth day--so sudden is recovery in cases of violent fever when once the
+crisis is passed--I was sufficiently restored to take my place by a
+night-coach for London. The first few stages I endured tolerably well,
+notwithstanding that I had somewhat rashly ventured upon an outside
+place; but as midnight drew on, the wind became so piercingly keen,
+accompanied every now and then by a squally shower of sleet, that I was
+glad to bargain for an inside berth. By good luck, there was just room
+enough left for one, which I instantly appropriated, in spite of sundry
+hints _hemmed_ forth by a crusty old gentleman, that the coach was full
+already. I took my place in the coach, to the dissatisfaction of those
+already seated there. Not a word was spoken for miles: for the
+circumstance of its being dark increased the distrust of all, and, in
+the firm conviction that I was an adventurer, they had already, I make
+no doubt, buttoned up their pockets, and diligently adjusted their
+watch-chains. In a short time, this reserve wore away. From this moment
+the conversation became general. Each individual had some invalid story
+to relate, and I too, so far forgot my usual taciturnity as to indulge
+my hearers with a detail of my late indisposition--of its origin in the
+Mysterious Tailor--of the wretch's inconceivable persecution--of the
+fiendish peculiarities of his appearance--of his astonishing ubiquity,
+and lastly, of my conviction that he was either more or less than man.
+Scarcely had the very uncourteous laughter that accompanied this
+narrative concluded, when a low, intermittent snore, proceeding from a
+person close at my elbow, challenged my most serious notice. The sound
+was peculiar--original--unearthly--and reminded me of the same music
+which had so harrowed my nerves at Bologne. Yet it could not surely be
+he--he, the very thoughts of whom now sent a thrill through every vein.
+Oh, no! it must be some one else--there were other harmonious
+sternutators beside him, he could not be the only nasal nightingale in
+the three kingdoms. While I thus argued the matter, silently, yet
+suspiciously, a wandering gleam of day, streaming in at the coach
+windows, faintly lit up a nose the penultimate peculiarities of which
+gave a very ominous turn to my reflections. In due time this light
+became more vivid; and beneath its encouraging influence, first, a pair
+of eyes--then two sallow, juiceless cheeks, then an upper lip, then a
+projecting chin; and lastly, the entire figure of the Mysterious Tailor
+himself, whose head, it seems, had hitherto been folded, bird-like, upon
+his breast, grew into atrocious distinctness, while from the depths of
+the creature's throat came forth the strangely-solemn whisper, "touching
+that little account." For this once, indignation got the better of
+affright. "Go where I will," I exclaimed, passionately interrupting him,
+"I find I cannot avoid you, you have a supernatural gift of
+omnipresence, but be you fiend or mortal I will now grapple with you;"
+and accordingly snatching at that obnoxious feature which, like the tail
+of the rattle-snake, had twice warned me of its master's fatal presence,
+I grasped it with such zealous good will, that had it been of mortal
+manufacture it must assuredly have come off in my hands. Aroused by the
+laughter of my fellow passengers, the coachman--who was just preparing
+to mount, after having changed horses at Dartford--abruptly opened the
+door, on which I as abruptly jumped out; and after paying my fare the
+whole way to town, and casting on the fiend a look of "inextinguishable
+hatred," made an instant retreat into the inn. About the middle of the
+next day I reached London, and without a moment's pause hurried to the
+lodgings of my beforementioned friend C----. Luckily he was at home, but
+started at the strange forlorn figure that presented itself. And well
+indeed he might. My eye-balls were glazed and bloody, my cheeks white as
+a shroud, my mouth a-jar, my lips blue and quivering. "For God's sake,
+C----," I began, vouchsafing no further explanation, "lend me--(I
+specified the sum)--or I am ruined; that infernal, inconceivable Tailor
+has--." C----smilingly interrupted me by an instant compliance with my
+demand; on which, without a moment's delay, I bounded off, breathless
+and semi-frantic, towards my arch fiend's Pandaemonium at High Holborn.
+I cannot--cannot say what I felt as I crossed over from Drury-lane
+towards his den, more particularly when, on entering, I beheld the demon
+himself behind his counter--calm, moveless, and sepulchral, as if
+nothing of moment had occurred; as if he were an every-day dun, or I an
+every-day debtor. The instant he espied me, a sardonic smile, together
+with that appalling dissyllable, "touching" (which I never to this day
+hear, see, or write without a shudder) escaped him; but before he could
+close his oration, I had approached, trembling with rage and reverence,
+towards him, and, thrusting forth the exact sum, was rushing from his
+presence, when he beckoned me back for a receipt. A receipt, and from
+him too! It was like taking a receipt for one's soul from Satan!!
+
+The reader will doubtless conclude that, now at least, having
+satisfactorily settled his demands, I had done with my Tormentor for
+ever. This inference is in part correct. I followed up my vocation with
+an energy strangely contrasted with my recent indifference, was early
+and late in the schools, and for three months pursued this course with
+such ardour, that my adventures with the Mysterious Tailor, though not
+forgotten, were yet gradually losing their once powerful hold on my
+imagination. This was precisely the state of my feelings, when early one
+autumnal morning, just seven months from the date of my last visit to
+High Holborn, I chanced to be turning down Saint Giles's Church, on my
+way to--Hospital. I had nothing to render me more than usually pensive;
+no new vexations, no sudden pecuniary embarrassment; yet it so happened,
+that on this particular morning I felt a weight at my heart, and a cloud
+on my brain, for which I could in no way account. As I passed along
+Broad Street, I made one or two bold attempts to rally. I stared
+inquisitively at the different passers by, endeavouring, by a snatch at
+the expression of their faces, to speculate on the turn of their minds,
+and the nature of their occupations; I then began to whistle and hum
+some lively air, at the same time twirling my glove with affected
+unconcern; but nothing would do; every exertion I made to appear
+cheerful, not only found no answering sympathy from within, but even
+exaggerated by constrast my despondency. In this condition I reached
+Saint Giles's Church. A crowd was assembled at the gate opposite its
+entrance, and presently the long surly toll of the death-bell--that
+solemn and oracular memento--announced that a funeral was on the eve of
+taking place. The funeral halted at the entrance gate, where the coffin
+was taken from the hearse, and and thence borne into the chancel. This
+ceremony concluded, the procession again set forth towards the home
+appointed for the departed in a remote quarter of the church-yard. And
+now the interest began in reality to deepen. As the necessary
+preparations were making for lowering the coffin into earth, the
+mourners--even those who had hitherto looked unmoved--pressed gradually
+nearer, and with a momentary show of interest, to the grave. Such is the
+ennobling character of death.
+
+The preparations were by this time concluded, and nothing now remained
+but the last summons of the sexton. At this juncture, while the coffin
+was being lowered into its resting place, my eyes, accidentally, it may
+be said, but in reality by some fatal instinct, fell full upon the lid,
+on which I instantly recognised a name, long and fearfully known to
+me--the name of the Mysterious Tailor of High Holborn. Oh, how many
+thrilling recollections did this one name recal? The rencontre in the
+streets of London--the scene at the masquerade--the meeting at
+Bologne--the storm--the shipwreck--the sinking vessel--the appearance at
+that moment of _the man_ himself--the subsequent visions of mingled
+fever and insanity: all, all now swept across my mind, as for the last
+time I gazed on the remains of him who was powerless henceforth for
+ever. In a few minutes one little span of earth would keep down that
+strange form which seemed once endowed with ubiquity. That wild
+unearthly voice was mute; that wandering glance was fixed; a seal was
+set upon those lips which eternity itself could not remove. Yes, my
+Tormentor--my mysterious--omnipresent Tormentor was indeed gone; and in
+that one word, how much of vengeance was forgotten! I was roused from
+this reverie by the hollow sound of the clay as it fell dull and heavy
+on the coffin-lid. The poor sleeper beneath could not hear it, it is
+true; his slumber, henceforth, was sound; the full tide of human
+population pressing fast beside the spot where he lay buried, should
+never wake him more: no human sorrow should rack his breast, no dream
+disturb his repose; yet cold, changed, and senseless as he was, the
+first sound of the falling clods jarred strange and harsh upon my ear,
+as if it must perforce awake him. In this feverish state of mind I
+quitted the church-yard, and, on my road home, passed by the shop where
+I had first met with the deceased. It was altered--strangely altered--to
+my mind, revoltingly so. Its quaint antique character, its dingy
+spectral look were gone, and there was even a studied air of
+cheerfulness about it, as if the present proprietor were anxious to
+obliterate every association, however slight, that might possibly remind
+him of the past. The former owner had but just passed out, his ashes
+were scarcely cold, and already his name was on the wane. Yet this is
+human nature. So trifling, in fact, is the gap caused by our absence in
+society, that there needs no patriotic Curtius to leap into it; it
+closes without a miracle the instant it is made, and none but a
+disinterested Undertaker knows or cares for whom tolls our passing bell.
+
+_Monthly Magazine._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SPIRIT OF THE
+
++PUBLIC JOURNALS.+
+
+
+THE TOUR OF DULNESS.
+
+From her throne of clouds, as Dulness look'd
+  On her foggy and favour'd nation,
+She sleepily nodded her poppy-crown'd head,
+And gently waved her sceptre of lead,
+  In token of approbation.
+
+For the north-west wind brought clouds and gloom,
+  Blue devils on earth, and mists in the air;
+Of parliamentary prose some died,
+Some perpetrated suicide,
+  And her empire flourish'd there.
+
+The Goddess look'd with a gracious eye
+  On her ministers great and small;
+But most she regarded with tenderness
+Her darling shrine, the Minerva Press,
+  In the street of Leadenhall.
+
+This was her sacred haunt, and here
+  Her name was most adored,
+Her chosen here officiated.
+And hence her oracles emanated,
+  And breathed the Goddess in every word.
+
+She pass'd from the east to the west, and paused
+  In New Burlington-street awhile,
+To inspire a few puffs for Colburn and Co.
+And indite some dozen novels or so
+  In the fashionable style.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Then turning her own Magazine to inspect,
+  She was rather at fault, as of late
+The colour and series both were new;
+But the Goddess, with discernment true,
+  Detected it by the weight.
+
+She cross'd the Channel next, and peep'd
+  At Dublin; but the zeal
+Of the liberty boys soon put her to flight.
+And she dropp'd her mantle in her fright,
+  Which fell on Orator Shiel.
+
+Thence sped she to the Land of Cakes,
+  The land she loves and its possessors;
+She loves its Craniologists,
+Political Economists,
+  And all Scotch _mists_ and Scotch Professors.
+
+And chiefly she on McCulloch smiled,
+As a mother smiles on her darling child,
+  Or a lady on her lover;
+Then, bethinking her of Parliament,
+She hasten'd South, but ere she went,
+She promised if nothing occurr'd to prevent,
+  To return when the Session was over.
+
+_Blackwood's Magazine._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CANNIBALISM.
+
+In great cities, cannibalism takes an infinite variety of shapes. In the
+neighbourhood of St. James's-street there are numerous slaughter-houses,
+where men are daily consumed by the operation of cards and dice; and
+where they are caught by the same bait, at which Quin said he should
+have infallibly bitten. A similar process is likewise carried on in
+'Change Alley, on a great scale; not to speak of that snare especially
+set for widows and children, called a "joint stock speculation." But
+your cannibal of cannibals is a parliament patron. Here, a great borough
+proprietor swallows a regiment at a single gulp; and there, the younger
+son of a lord ruminates over a colony till the very crows cannot find a
+dinner in it; and there again, a duke or a minister, himself and his
+family, having first "supped full of horrors," casts a diocese to the
+side-table, to be mumbled at leisure by his son's tutor. The town is
+occasionally very indignant and very noisy against the gouls of
+Surgeons' Hall, because they live upon the dead carcasses of their
+fellow-creatures; while, strange to say, it takes but little account of
+the hordes of wretches who openly, and in the face of day, hunt down
+living men in their nefarious dealings as porter brewers, quack doctors,
+informers, attorneys, manufacturers of bean flour, alum, and Portland
+stone; and torture their subjects like so many barbacued pigs, in the
+complicated processes of their cookery.--_New Month. Mag._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIGNS OF THE TIMES.
+
+"They say this town is full of cozenage,
+As nimble jugglers that deceive the eye,
+Disguised cheaters, prating mountebanks,
+And many such like libertines of sin."
+SHAKSPEARE.
+
++Caveat emptor+! This is the age of fraud, imposture, substitution,
+transmutation, adulteration, abomination, contamination, and many others
+of the same sinister ending, always excepting purification. Every thing
+is debased and sophisticated, and "nothing is but what is not." All
+things are mixed, lowered, debased, deteriorated, by our cozening
+dealers and shopkeepers; and, bad as they are, there is every reason to
+fear that they are "mox daturos progeniem vitiosiorem." We wonder at the
+increase of bilious and dyspeptic patients, at the number of new books
+upon stomach complaints, at the rapid fortunes made by practitioners who
+undertake (the very word is ominous) to cure indigestion; but how can it
+be otherwise, when Accum, before he took to quoting with his scissors,
+assured us there was "poison in the pot;" when a recent writer has
+shown that there are still more deleterious ingredients in the
+wine-bottle; and when we ourselves have all had dismal intestine
+evidence that our bread is partly made of ground bones, alum, plaster of
+Paris; our tea, of aloe-leaves; our beer, of injurious drugs; our milk,
+of snails and chalk; and that even the water supplied to us by our
+companies is any thing rather than the real Simon Pure it professes to
+be. Not less earnestly than benevolently do our quack doctors implore us
+to beware of spurious articles; Day and Martin exhort us not to take our
+polish from counterfeit blacking: every advertiser beseeches the
+"pensive public" to be upon its guard against supposititious
+articles--all, in short, is knavery, juggling, cheating, and
+deception.--_Ibid._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Retrospective Gleanings
+
+SONNET
+
+BY HENRY TEONOE, A SEA CHAPLAIN IN THE REIGN OF CHARLES II.
+
+_Composed October the First, over against the East part of Candia._
+
+O! Ginnee was a bony lasse,
+  Which maks the world to woonder
+How ever it should com to passe
+  That wee did part a sunder.
+
+The driven snow, the rose so rare,
+  The glorious sunne above thee,
+Can not with my Ginnee compare,
+  She was so wonderous lovely.
+
+Her merry lookes, her forhead high,
+  Her hayre like golden-wyer,
+Her hand and foote, her lipe or eye,
+  Would set a saint on fyre.
+
+And for to give Giunee her due,
+  Thers no ill part about her;
+The turtle-dove's not half so true;
+  Then whoe can live without her?
+
+King Solomon, where ere he lay,
+  Did nere unbrace a kinder;
+O! why should Ginnee gang away,
+  And I be left behind her?
+
+Then will I search each place and roome
+  From London to Virginny,
+From Dover-peere to Scanderoone,
+  But I will finde my Ginny.
+
+But Ginny's turned back I feare,
+  When that I did not mind her;
+Then back to England will I steare,
+  To see where I can find her.
+
+And haveing Ginnee once againe,
+  If sheed doe her indeavour,
+The world shall never make us twaine--
+  Weel live and dye together.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SONG BY KING CHARLES II.
+
+_On the Duchess of Portsmouth leaving England._
+
+_(For the Mirror.)_
+
+Bright was the morning, cool the air,
+Serene was all the skies;
+When on the waves I left my dear,
+The center of my joys;
+Heav'n and nature smiling were.
+And nothing sad but I.
+
+Each rosy field their odours spread,
+All fragrant was the shore;
+Each river God rose from his bed,
+And sighing own'd her pow'r;
+Curling the waves they deck'd their heads,
+As proud of what they bore.
+
+Glide on ye waves, bear these lines,
+And tell her my distress;
+Bear all these sighs, ye gentle winds,
+And waft them to her breast;
+Tell her if e'er she prove unkind,
+I never shall have rest.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Anecdote Gallery
+
+VOLTAIRE.
+
+_(From various Authorities.)_
+
+The Chateau of Ferney, the celebrated residence of Voltaire, six miles
+from Geneva, is a place of very little picturesque beauty: its broad
+front is turned to the high road, without any regard to the prospect,
+and the garden is adorned with cut trees, parapet walls with
+flower-pots, jets d'eaux, &c. Voltaire's bed-room is shown in its
+pristine state, just as he left it in 1777, when, after a residence of
+twenty years, he went to Paris to enjoy a short triumph and die. Time
+and travellers have much impaired the furniture of light-blue silk, and
+the Austrians, quartered in the house during the late war, have not
+improved it; the bed-curtains especially, which for the last forty years
+have supplied each traveller with a precious little bit, hastily torn
+off, are of course in tatters. The bedstead is of common deal, coarsely
+put together; a miserable portrait of Le Kain, in crayons, hangs inside
+of the bed, and two others, equally bad, on each side, Frederic and
+Voltaire himself. Round the room are bad prints of Washington, Franklin,
+Sir Isaac Newton, and several other celebrated personages; the
+ante-chamber is decorated with naked figures, in bad taste; each of
+these rooms may be 12 feet by 15.
+
+Such is the narrative of an intelligent traveller, who recently visited
+Ferney. "Very few," says he, "remain alive, of those who saw the poet: a
+gardener who conducted us about the grounds had that advantage; he
+showed us the place where the theatre stood, filling the space on the
+left-hand side in entering, between the chateau and the chapel, but the
+inscription on the last, _Voltaire a Dieu_, was removed during the reign
+of terror. The _old_ gardener spoke favourably of his _old_ master, who
+was, he said, _bon homme tout-a-fait, bien charitable,_ and took an
+airing every morning in his coach and four."
+
+In the sitting-room, adjoining the bedroom, which he was accustomed to
+occupy, besides some good ancient paintings, is a very singular picture,
+which was painted according to Voltaire's direction. The principal
+personages are Voltaire, holding in his hand a roll of paper inscribed
+La Henriade; next him is a female personification of this favourite
+poem, whom he is presenting to Apollo crowned with rays of glory; Louis
+XIV. with his queen and court, are observing these chief figures. In
+another part, the Muses are crowning the burst of Voltaire with wreaths
+of flowers, and proposing to place it with those of other immortal
+authors in the Temple of Fame. The bottom of the picture is occupied by
+his enemies, who are being torn to pieces by wild beasts, or burning in
+flames of fire.
+
+In the bed-room is a marble cenotaph, on which is an urn that formerly
+contained the heart of Voltaire, which was removed several years ago,
+and placed in the church of Les Invalides at Paris. In this room also is
+an engraving of Voltaire's monument in the church-yard of Ferney. In
+this, four figures, representing the four quarters of the world, are
+preparing to honour his bust with wreaths of laurel and palms.
+Ignorance, meanwhile, with the wings of a fiend, armed with rods, is
+driving them away in the midst of their pacific employment, and
+extinguishing a lamp which burns above the tomb. It is a singular
+circumstance that Voltaire caused the church of Ferney to be built, as
+well as several houses in the village, and on an iron vane on the top of
+the former is inscribed, "_Deo erexit Voltaire_."
+
+After his escape from the court of Frederic, Voltaire went first to
+Lausanne, were he resided some years, and where he fitted up a private
+theatre; his acquaintances there supplied him with performers, of whom
+it seems he was proud, and who acted for him Zaire, Alzira, and several
+other plays. Some spirited drawings of Huber represent him behind the
+scene teaching, scolding, encouraging the actors; you might have thought
+you heard his loud _bravo_! The part of Lusignan was frequently filled
+by the poet himself, who was so much taken with it as to be seen in the
+morning at the door of his house already dressed for the stage. Voltaire
+had a hollow wooden voice, and his declamation had more pomp in it than
+nature; yet in the part of Trissotin, in the Femmes Savantes, he
+performed very well.
+
+From Lausanne, where he quarrelled with several persons, he went, in
+1755, to St. Jean, close to Geneva, and gave to the house he occupied
+the name of _Les Delices_, which it retains to this day. Ferney, which
+he bought soon after, became his permanent residence for twenty years.
+
+Strangers of distinction made a point of calling on the philosopher of
+Ferney, who for some years received their visits very willingly, giving
+them _fetes_ and plays; but he became tired of this, and at last would
+only see those who could amuse him while he amused them. A quaker from
+Philadelphia, called Claude Gay, travelling in Europe, stayed some time
+at Geneva; he was known as the author of some Theological works, and
+liked for his good sense, moderation, and simplicity. Voltaire heard of
+him, his curiosity was excited, and he desired to see him. The quaker
+felt great reluctance, but suffered himself at last to be carried to
+Ferney, Voltaire having promised before hand to his friends that he
+would say nothing that could give him offence. At first he was delighted
+with the tall, straight, handsome quaker, his broad-brimmed hat, and
+plain drab suit of clothes; the mild and serene expression of his
+countenance; and the dinner promised to go off very well; yet he soon
+took notice of the great sobriety of his guest, and made jokes, to which
+he received grave and modest answers. The patriarchs, and the first
+inhabitants of the earth were next alluded to; by and by he began to
+sneer at the historical proofs of Revelation; but Claude was not to be
+driven away from his ground, and while examining these proofs, and
+arguing upon them rationally, he overlooked the light attacks of his
+adversary, when not to the point, appeared insensible to his sarcasms
+and wit, and remained always cool and serious. Voltaire's vivacity at
+last turned to downright anger; his eyes flashed fire whenever they met
+the benign and placid countenance of the quaker, and the dispute went so
+far at last, that the latter, getting up, said, "Friend Voltaire!
+perhaps thou mayst come to understand these matters rightly; in the
+meantime, finding I can do thee no good, I leave thee, and so fare thee
+well!" So saying he went away on foot, notwithstanding all entreaties,
+back again to Geneva, leaving the whole company in consternation.
+Voltaire immediately retired to his own room. M. Huber,[8] who was
+present at this scene, made a drawing of the two actors.
+
+PHILO.
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
++THE GATHERER.+
+
+A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+SHAKSPEARE.
+
+
+SIR W. JONES AND MR. DAY.
+
+One day, upon removing some books at the chambers of Sir William Jones,
+a large spider dropped upon the floor, upon which Sir William, with some
+warmth, said, "Kill that spider, Day, kill that spider!" "No," said Mr.
+Day, with that coolness for which he was so conspicuous, "I will not
+kill that spider, Jones; I do not know that I have a right to kill that
+spider! Suppose when you are going in your coach to Westminster Hall, a
+superior being, who, perhaps may have as much power over you as you have
+over this insect, should say to his companion, 'Kill that lawyer! kill
+that lawyer!' how should you like that, Jones? and I am sure, to most
+people, a lawyer is a more noxious animal than a spider."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BISHOP
+
+In Cambridge, this title is not confined to the dignitaries of the
+church; but _port_ wine, made _copiously potable_ by being mulled and
+burnt, with the _addenda_ of roasted lemons all bristling like angry
+hedge-hogs (studded with cloves,) is dignified with the appellation of
+_Bishop_:
+
+Beneath some old oak, come and rest thee, my hearty;
+  Our foreheads with roses, oh! let us entwine!
+And, inviting young Bacchus to be of the party,
+  We'll drown all our troubles in oceans of wine!
+
+And perfumed with _Macassar_ or _Otto_ of roses,
+  We'll pass round the BISHOP, the spice-breathing cup,
+And take of that medicine such wit-breeding doses,
+  We'll knock _down_ the god, or he shall knock us _up_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GAZETTED AND IN THE GAZETTE.
+
+These terms imply very different things. The son of a nobleman is
+_gazetted_, as a cornet in a regiment, and all his friends rejoice. John
+Thomson is _in the Gazette_, and all his friends lament.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+UNFORTUNATE CASE.
+
+A zealous priest in the north of Ireland missed a constant auditor from
+his congregation, in which schism had already made depredations. "What
+keeps our friend Farmer B----away from us?" was the anxious question
+proposed by the vigilant minister to his assistant, "I have not seen him
+among us," continued he, "these three weeks; I hope it is not
+Protestantism that keeps him away," "No," was the reply, "it is worse
+than that." "Worse than Protestantism? God forbid it should,--Deism?"
+"No, worse than that." "Worse than Deism! good heavens, I trust it is
+not Atheism." "No, worse than Atheism!" "Impossible, nothing can be
+worse than Atheism!" "Yes, it is, your honour--_it is Rheumatism_!"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LIQUIDATING CLAIMS.
+
+During a remarkable wet summer, Joe Vernon, whose vocal taste and humour
+contributed for many years to the entertainment of the frequenters of
+Vauxhall Gardens, but who was not quite so good a _timist_ in money
+matters as in music, meeting an acquaintance who had the misfortune to
+hold some of his unhonoured paper, was asked by him, not uninterestedly,
+how the gardens were going on? "Oh, _swimmingly_!" answered the jocose
+Joe. "Glad to hear it," retorted the creditor, "their _swimming_ state,
+I hope, will cause the singers to _liquidate their notes_."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Mr. Samuel Deacon, a most respectable Baptist minister, who resided at
+Barton in Leicestershire, was not peculiarly happy in his cast of
+countenance or general appearance; conscious of the silly ridicule his
+unprepossessing _tout ensemble_ occasionally excited, he made the
+following good-humoured, quaint remark:--
+
+"The carcass that you look at so,
+Is not Sam Deacon, you must know,
+But 'tis the carriage--the machine,
+Which Samuel Deacon rideth in."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ADVANTAGES OF LOQUACITY
+
+A very pretty woman, who was tediously loquacious, complained one day to
+Madame de Sevigne, that she was sadly tormented by her lovers. "Oh,
+Madame," said Madame de Sevigne to her, with a smile, "it is very easy
+to get rid of them: you have only to speak."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD 143, Strand, (near Somerset House,)
+London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHEN, 626, New Market, Leipsic; and by all
+Newsman and Booksellers._
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[1] The old bridge was of wood, and 168 yards in length. It was the most
+ancient on the River Thames, except that of London, and is mentioned in
+a record of the 8th year of Henry III.
+
+[2] At the time the chapel fell, the sexton, while digging a grave was
+buried under the ruins, with another person, and his daughter. The
+latter, notwithstanding she lay covered seven hours, survived this
+misfortune seventeen years, and was her father's successor. The memory
+of this event is preserved by a print of this singular woman, engraved
+by M'Ardell.
+
+[3] The work is dedicated to Dr. Babington, "in remembrance of some
+delightful days passed in his society, and in gratitude for an
+uninterrupted friendship of a quarter of a century;" and in the preface
+the author, after saying that the characters are imaginary, intimates
+that "in the portrait of HALIEUS, given in the last dialogue, a
+likeness, he thinks, will not fail to be recognised to that of a most
+estimable physician, ardently beloved by his friends, and esteemed and
+venerated by the public."
+
+[4] In our last volume, this was erroneously attributed to Swift.
+
+[5] See page 370, vol. xi. MIRROR.
+
+[6] As "kill him, crimp him," &c.
+
+[[7]] The late worthy and scientific Wm. Reynolds, of the Bank, near
+Ketley.
+
+[8] M. Huber was the father of the author of a work on the economy of
+bees, and the grandfather of the author of a work on the economy of
+ants. The first M. Huber had a very peculiar talent for drawing; with
+his scissors he could cut a piece of paper into a representation of
+anything, as accurately, and as fast, and with as much spirit, as he
+might have delineated with his pencil either figures or landscapes.
+Voltaire was his favourite subject; and he is known to have taught his
+dog to bite off a piece of crumb of bread, which he held in his hand, so
+as to give it as last the appearance of Voltaire.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE 324 ***
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